oppress_a britain_n to_o their_o great_a joy_n be_v free_v from_o slavery_n and_o shameful_a indignity_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o roman_a government_n under_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a clemency_n and_o ally_v to_o they_o by_o his_o marriage_n with_o helena_n from_o who_o they_o expect_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o blood_n young_a constantine_n then_o in_o egypt_n with_o dioclesian_n where_o he_o give_v illustrious_a mark_n of_o his_o courage_n in_o battle_n be_v a_o very_a young_a man_n and_o incline_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n insomuch_o as_o dioclesian_n begin_v to_o envy_v he_o fear_v lest_o he_o shall_v prove_v a_o destroyer_n of_o the_o pagan_a error_n and_o thereupon_o by_o subtlety_n design_v his_o death_n but_o almighty_a god_n preserve_v he_o the_o tyrant_n no_o doubt_n know_v the_o young_a man_n have_v be_v nourish_v from_o his_o infancy_n with_o christian_a milk_n and_o with_o evil_a eye_n behold_v what_o cruelty_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o christian_n he_o be_v therefore_o watch_v and_o detain_v under_o strict_a guard_n and_o probable_o in_o danger_n of_o further_a mischief_n about_o this_o time_n he_o take_v to_o wise_a minervina_n by_o who_o he_o have_v his_o elder_a son_n crispus_n the_o clemency_n and_o countenance_n of_o constantius_n encourage_v the_o christian_n to_o repair_v and_o new_o build_v church_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o martyr_n and_o public_o to_o celebrate_v the_o divine_a mystery_n and_o solemn_a festival_n contrary_a to_o the_o report_n of_o some_o scottish_a author_n for_o as_o eusebius_n affirm_v of_o the_o four_o person_n conjoin_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_a world_n constantius_n only_o cleave_v to_o the_o live_a god_n and_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o three_o for_o whereas_o they_o waste_v the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o defile_v their_o province_n with_o the_o innocent_a blood_n of_o christian_n he_o on_o the_o contrary_n procure_v tranquillity_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o as_o a_o indulgent_a father_n allow_v they_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n constantius_n after_o three_o year_n abode_n in_o britain_n be_v oblige_v to_o pass_v over_o into_o gaul_n to_o oppose_v a_o german_a nation_n which_o infest_a that_o country_n he_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o britain_n and_o with_o their_o help_n obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o the_o year_n 300._o stephanus_n the_o vii_o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v say_v to_o have_v end_v his_o life_n by_o martyrdom_n not_o that_o he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o christian_a religion_n but_o for_o that_o the_o former_a persecution_n he_o have_v suffer_v during_o the_o rage_n of_o dioclesian_n which_o make_v his_o life_n miserable_a and_o may_v perhaps_o hasten_v his_o death_n in_o the_o year_n 302._o constantius_n seem_v to_o have_v return_v into_o britain_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o asclepiodorus_n who_o he_o leave_v his_o precedent_n here_o still_o he_o establish_v peace_n in_o the_o church_n here_o whilst_o in_o all_o other_o province_n river_n of_o christian_a blood_n be_v pour_v out_o with_o great_a inhumanity_n the_o bounty_n clemency_n and_o piety_n of_o this_o prince_n render_v he_o admire_v and_o belove_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o moderation_n of_o his_o government_n and_o liberality_n the_o mutual_a affection_n between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v declare_v by_o this_o illustrious_a example_n the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n have_v be_v inform_v that_o constantius_n by_o his_o negligence_n and_o profuse_a liberality_n have_v waste_v his_o public_a treasure_n by_o messenger_n send_v on_o purpose_n sharp_o reprove_v he_o for_o it_o constantius_n promise_v the_o messenger_n in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o give_v they_o his_o answer_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v notice_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n especial_o to_o the_o most_o wealthy_a of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a need_n of_o money_n and_o that_o they_o can_v never_o have_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o testify_v their_o affection_n and_o duty_n to_o he_o hereupon_o without_o any_o delay_n and_o with_o great_a cheerfulness_n each_o contend_v with_o other_o who_o shall_v send_v most_o so_o that_o in_o short_a time_n his_o treasure_n be_v fill_v with_o innumerable_a sum_n of_o money_n this_o be_v do_v constantius_n invite_v the_o messenger_n to_o be_v spectator_n of_o his_o wealth_n desire_v they_o to_o tell_v the_o emperor_n what_o they_o have_v see_v and_o when_o they_o be_v go_v the_o bountiful_a emperor_n return_v all_o that_o mass_n of_o treasure_n to_o the_o respective_a owner_n with_o a_o affectionate_a resentment_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o good_a will_n to_o he_o it_o be_v further_a relate_v of_o he_o that_o find_v his_o court_n and_o family_n distract_v into_o faction_n by_o various_a sect_n and_o religion_n he_o publish_v a_o edict_n that_o whoever_o will_v continue_v in_o his_o service_n shall_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o roman_a god_n for_o no_o other_o shall_v stay_v in_o his_o court_n however_o they_o may_v enjoy_v their_o liberty_n and_o possession_n but_o they_o must_v avoid_v his_o presence_n this_o ordinance_n much_o trouble_v the_o christian_n especial_o those_o who_o ambitious_o affect_v worldly_a honour_n for_o they_o prefer_v mammon_n before_o god_n relinquish_v their_o profession_n to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o caesar_n religion_n but_o several_a other_o sincere_a and_o genuine_a disciple_n of_o christ_n show_v themselves_o willing_a rather_o to_o forsake_v their_o prince_n service_n than_o god_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o constantius_n he_o chase_v from_o his_o court_n all_o those_o fainthearted_a hypocritical_a dissembler_n say_v they_o will_v never_o preserve_v their_o fidelity_n to_o he_o who_o have_v so_o base_o betray_v their_o faith_n to_o god_n so_o that_o he_o prefer_v to_o dignity_n and_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o his_o safety_n to_o they_o who_o he_o find_v constant_a from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v general_o christian_n become_v guard_n both_o to_o he_o and_o other_o emperor_n who_o they_o usual_o encompass_v with_o long_a halberd_n the_o faithfulness_n of_o christian_n probable_o move_v constantius_n to_o forsake_v idolatry_n and_o willing_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o only_a true_a god_n governor_n of_o all_o the_o world_n and_o firm_o to_o establish_v his_o authority_n by_o the_o prayer_n and_o assistance_n of_o holy_a man_n and_o so_o he_o pass_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o life_n with_o great_a glory_n and_o tranquillity_n to_o this_o happy_a change_n no_o doubt_n but_o st._n helena_n his_o wife_n much_o contribute_v so_o that_o his_o court_n seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o form_n of_o a_o church_n in_o which_o the_o minister_n and_o servant_n of_o god_n offer_v daily_a prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 304._o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximianus_n after_o 20_o year_n reign_n weary_a of_o their_o fruitless_a cruelty_n depose_v themselves_o from_o the_o empire_n galerius_n succeed_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o constantius_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n especial_o in_o france_n and_o britain_n not_o affect_v to_o heap_v up_o treasure_n for_o himself_o but_o to_o enrich_v his_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 305._o his_o young_a son_n constantine_n accompany_v galerius_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o sarmatian_n where_o he_o undertake_v a_o single_a combat_n by_o the_o emperor_n consent_n with_o their_o chief_a leader_n who_o by_o divine_a assistance_n he_o overcome_v and_o lead_v prisoner_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o so_o obtain_v glory_n by_o that_o which_o perhaps_o be_v intend_v for_o his_o destruction_n this_o year_n as_o be_v credible_o report_v st._n augulus_fw-la bishop_n of_o london_n receive_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o constant_a confession_n have_v be_v long_o persecute_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o christ_n to_o he_o succeed_v iltutus_n or_o rather_o perhaps_o restitutus_n who_o assist_v at_o the_o first_o council_n and_o subscribe_v his_o name_n thereunto_o the_o next_o year_n constantius_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_v the_o pict_n or_o northern_a britain_n return_v to_o york_n and_o there_o be_v old_a be_v assault_v by_o his_o last_o sickness_n the_o absence_n of_o his_o son_n constantine_n who_o be_v detain_v in_o manner_n of_o a_o pledge_n by_o galerius_n much_o afflict_v he_o though_o he_o have_v other_o son_n with_o he_o by_o theodora_n which_o give_v he_o little_a satisfaction_n consider_v their_o want_n of_o spirit_n and_o courage_n constantine_n observe_v how_o much_o he_o be_v both_o fear_v and_o envy_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o mischief_n whilst_o he_o remain_v in_o the_o emperor_n hand_n and_o endeavour_v to_o secure_v himself_o by_o flight_n to_o contrive_v which_o with_o the_o more_o security_n he_o give_v command_v that_o all_o the_o public_a post-horse_n shall_v be_v kill_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v arrive_v in_o
shall_v in_o all_o church_n be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o same_o day_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o quarto_fw-la decimani_fw-la who_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o the_o jewish_a custom_n upon_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n in_o march_n which_o practice_n begin_v to_o prevail_v more_o and_o more_o in_o the_o east_n to_o this_o canon_n the_o british_a bishop_n then_o of_o this_o council_n subscribe_v another_o canon_n of_o this_o council_n be_v worthy_a consideration_n namely_o that_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o in_o time_n of_o persecution_n have_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o pagan_n the_o holy_a scripture_n or_o the_o lord_n vessel_n depute_v for_o the_o christian_a sacrifice_n as_o by_o the_o 20_o canon_n of_o this_o council_n appear_v which_o command_v that_o a_o place_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n shall_v be_v afford_v to_o a_o strange_a bishop_n with_o vessel_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o thereupon_o restitutus_n a_o british_a bishop_n who_o subscribe_v to_o that_o council_n do_v there_o offer_v sacrifice_n according_o some_o pretend_v a_o canon_n in_o this_o council_n that_o deacon_n in_o their_o ordination_n protest_v their_o resolution_n to_o marry_v may_v lawful_o do_v it_o if_o any_o such_o canon_n be_v foist_v into_o late_a copy_n give_v deacon_n any_o such_o privilege_n yet_o see_v priest_n be_v not_o therein_o mention_v it_o be_v strong_o imply_v that_o they_o be_v forbid_v marriage_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o synod_n a_o letter_n be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a assembly_n to_o pope_n silvester_n desire_v his_o care_n and_o diligence_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o their_o decree_n in_o all_o church_n the_o british_a subscriber_n to_o this_o council_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v eborius_n bishop_n of_o york_n restitutus_n beforenamed_a bishop_n of_o london_n famous_a in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 350._o the_o three_o adelfus_fw-la bishop_n of_o 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truth_n of_o all_o authentic_a story_n it_o may_v indeed_o be_v true_a that_o her_o piety_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o apparition_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n to_o her_o son_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o she_o be_v a_o sincere_a christian_a long_o before_o whatever_o aspersion_n may_v be_v cast_v upon_o she_o by_o ill-willer_n in_o the_o year_n 317._o licinius_n forgetful_a of_o his_o covenant_n with_o constantine_n begin_v a_o persecution_n against_o the_o christian_n and_o a_o war_n against_o constantine_n who_o after_o two_o battle_n obtain_v a_o complete_a victory_n accompany_v with_o the_o death_n of_o licinius_n this_o success_n constantine_n himself_o under_o god_n attribute_v to_o his_o sacred_a ensign_n of_o the_o cross_n whereof_o licinius_n be_v so_o afraid_a that_o he_o command_v his_o soldier_n not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o look_v towards_o it_o for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o whoever_o bear_v that_o ensign_n can_v never_o be_v wound_v the_o dart_n cast_v by_o the_o enemy_n still_o remain_v fix_v to_o the_o staff_n support_v the_o cross_n and_o now_o constantine_n betake_v himself_o to_o enrich_v and_o adorn_v the_o church_n and_o confer_v immunity_n upon_o churchman_n he_o publish_v a_o law_n that_o all_o clerk_n and_o clergyman_n shall_v be_v excuse_v from_o all_o civil_a office_n and_o duty_n that_o by_o the_o ill-will_n or_o malice_n of_o any_o they_o may_v not_o be_v withdraw_v from_o the_o service_n of_o god._n nay_o say_v sozomen_n by_o this_o emperor_n decree_n if_o any_o clergyman_n be_v call_v into_o judgement_n by_o civil_a magistrate_n they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o bishop_n who_o sentence_n be_v to_o be_v ratify_v as_o if_o pronounce_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o moreover_o whereas_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v severe_a against_o celibacy_n so_o as_o unmarried_a person_n be_v incapable_a of_o inheritance_n constantine_n consider_v how_o prejudicial_a this_o be_v to_o christian_a religion_n wherein_o many_o profess_a virginity_n and_o single_a life_n prefer_v the_o love_n of_o christian_a philosophy_n and_o perfection_n before_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o matrimony_n and_o consecrate_v themselves_o both_o soul_n and_o body_n to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n in_o a_o poor_a and_o chaste_a life_n for_o that_o reason_n utter_o abolish_v those_o ancient_a law_n show_v withal_o great_a honour_n and_o admiration_n to_o the_o convent_v of_o consecrate_a virgin_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v sozomen_n he_o so_o far_o privilege_v all_o person_n male_a or_o female_a who_o consecrate_a themselves_o to_o virginity_n that_o though_o they_o be_v under_o age_n yet_o they_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o will_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o further_o also_o ordain_v that_o a_o measure_n of_o wheat_n shall_v yearly_o be_v give_v to_o widow_n and_o those_o who_o observe_v a_o virgin_n life_n two_o three_o whereof_o julian_n the_o apostate_n not_o long_o after_o take_v from_o they_o he_o command_v public_a rest_n on_o the_o lord_n day_n and_o prescribe_v a_o form_n of_o prayer_n on_o that_o day_n for_o all_o person_n especial_o his_o soldier_n part_v whereof_o be_v in_o these_o word_n we_o acknowledge_v thou_o the_o only_a god_n we_o profess_v thou_o our_o sovereign_a king_n we_o invoke_v thou_o our_o helper_n by_o thou_o we_o obtain_v victory_n and_o vanquish_v our_o enemy_n we_o acknowledge_v that_o from_o thou_o we_o have_v obtain_v present_a felicity_n and_o hope_v to_o obtain_v future_a we_o bescech_v thou_o many_o year_n to_o preserve_v safe_a and_o victorious_a constantine_n our_o emperor_n with_o his_o pious_a child_n he_o likewise_o in_o memory_n of_o our_o saviour_n cross_n and_o passion_n ordain_v that_o upon_o friday_n some_o time_n shall_v be_v spend_v in_o prayer_n to_o god._n last_o he_o not_o only_o enrich_v the_o church_n by_o his_o own_o bounty_n but_o by_o a_o law_n open_v the_o purse_n of_o other_o to_o endow_v it_o by_o give_v licence_n to_o all_o person_n to_o bequeath_v what_o they_o think_v sit_v to_o the_o church_n by_o one_o action_n indeed_o he_o stain_v the_o purity_n of_o his_o faith_n for_o be_v at_o sardis_n and_o have_v notice_n that_o his_o palace_n at_o rome_n be_v strike_v with_o lightning_n a_o ominous_a sign_n to_o the_o pagan_a roman_n and_o by_o their_o ancient_a law_n to_o be_v avert_v by_o many_o superstitious_a lustration_n he_o condescend_v to_o the_o importunity_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o consult_v the_o soothsayer_n what_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o may_v be_v but_o command_v they_o to_o abstain_v from_o domestical_a sacrifice_n this_o unlawful_a compliance_n of_o the_o emperor_n turn_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o christian_n for_o by_o colour_n thereof_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o soothsayer_n the_o heathen_a magistrate_n will_v compel_v the_o christian_n to_o join_v in_o the_o public_a expiatory_a sacrifice_n so_o as_o many_o choose_v rather_o to_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o holy_a pope_n silvester_n constantine_n inform_v hereof_o publish_v a_o edict_n that_o if_o any_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o compel_v any_o christian_n to_o celebrate_v heathenish_a lustration_n he_o shall_v if_o a_o mean_a person_n be_v public_o beat_v with_o club_n if_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v grievous_o fine_v in_o the_o year_n 324._o after_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n according_a to_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o western_a church_n confirm_v by_o many_o proof_n constantine_n receive_v baptism_n at_o rome_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o pope_n silvester_n upon_o this_o occasion_n constantine_n have_v rash_o put_v to_o death_n licinius_n his_o sister_n son_n false_o accuse_v of_o a_o design_n to_o rebel_n and_o crispus_n his_o own_o son_n adorn_v with_o many_o virtue_n and_o famous_a for_o many_o victory_n yet_o accuse_v by_o fausta_n his_o mother-in-law_n to_o have_v attemptod_a her_o chastity_n which_o accusation_n appear_v after_o to_o be_v false_a and_o
fight_v at_o the_o mountain_n call_v badonicus_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n in_o the_o time_n of_o aurelius_n ambrose_n to_o which_o mountain_n the_o saxon_n retire_v be_v besiege_a by_o the_o britain_n and_o after_o in_o a_o battle_n discomfit_v this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 493._o forty_o year_n after_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n this_o gildas_n be_v affirm_v by_o the_o author_n of_o his_o life_n to_o be_v the_o disciple_n of_o iltutus_n and_o leave_v he_o to_o have_v go_v into_o ireland_n he_o remain_v four_o year_n under_o the_o discipline_n and_o instruction_n of_o st._n iltutus_n and_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o school_n of_o many_o learned_a teacher_n in_o ireland_n and_o like_o a_o diligent_a bee_n collect_v the_o juice_n of_o divers_a flower_n he_o lay_v it_o up_o careful_o in_o the_o hive_n of_o our_o mother_n the_o church_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v in_o opportune_a season_n pour_v forth_o the_o mellifluous_a doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n to_o his_o own_o countryman_n and_o thereby_o draw_v they_o out_o of_o misery_n to_o eternal_a joy_n and_o like_o a_o good_a servant_n restore_v unto_o his_o lord_n the_o talon_n entrust_v with_o he_o in_o this_o island_n say_v bishop_n usher_n there_o flourish_v in_o this_o age_n the_o school_n of_o armagh_n wherein_o the_o elder_a gildas_n preside_v when_o he_o pious_o labour_v in_o cultivate_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o irish_a in_o which_o employment_n probable_o this_o our_o young_a gildas_n succeed_v he_o and_o here_o not_o only_o collect_v sweet_a juice_n but_o get_v a_o sharp_a sting_n also_o which_o he_o after_o dart_v forth_o against_o the_o vice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n however_o in_o ireland_n he_o restore_v discipline_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n he_o gather_v many_o congregation_n of_o monk_n and_o merciful_o deliver_v many_o captive_n from_o the_o slavery_n of_o pagan_n after_o his_o return_n into_o britain_n it_o seem_v he_o find_v small_a comfort_n or_o encouragement_n to_o pour_v forth_o the_o honey_n which_o he_o have_v gather_v in_o ireland_n for_o he_o find_v in_o this_o island_n such_o calamity_n and_o confusion_n their_o reign_v such_o a_o contention_n of_o wickedness_n and_o misery_n which_o shall_v exceed_v the_o other_o that_o almost_o his_o whole_a employment_n be_v to_o bewail_v the_o approach_a destruction_n of_o his_o country_n and_o by_o publish_v the_o crime_n especial_o of_o the_o ruler_n as_o well_o in_o church_n as_o state_n to_o justify_v the_o severity_n of_o god_n be_v in_o truth_n beneath_o their_o demerit_n and_o provocation_n howbeit_o he_o be_v by_o a_o double_a invitation_n from_o ireland_n interrupt_v in_o his_o sad_a thought_n and_o withdraw_v from_o behold_v such_o mournful_a spectacle_n as_o every_o where_n in_o britain_n offer_v themselves_o to_o his_o eye_n the_o first_o message_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 562._o come_v from_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o ireland_n who_o send_v a_o epistle_n to_o he_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o receive_v a_o epistle_n also_o from_o st._n columba_n who_o he_o very_o much_o esteem_v for_o his_o sanctity_n the_o second_o message_n or_o invitation_n be_v direct_v to_o he_o from_o a_o king_n in_o ireland_n name_v ammeric_n who_o request_v this_o our_o gildas_n to_o come_v to_o he_o promise_v that_o if_o he_o will_v undertake_v the_o journey_n and_o restore_v to_o good_a order_n the_o ecclesiastic_n of_o his_o kingdom_n wherein_o general_o the_o catholic_n faith_n be_v decay_v both_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n will_v in_o all_o thing_n be_v obedient_a to_o he_o st._n gildas_n hear_v this_o like_o a_o valiant_a soldier_n thorough_o furnish_v with_o celestial_a arm_n present_o go_v into_o ireland_n there_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n be_v come_v thither_o he_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n by_o some_o noble_a person_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o he_o the_o king_n give_v he_o many_o gift_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o stay_v some_o time_n and_o restore_v order_n to_o that_o region_n because_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v in_o a_o manner_n lose_v the_o christian_a faith_n st._n gildas_n as_o thereupon_o travel_v through_o all_o the_o province_n of_o ireland_n restore_v church_n instruct_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o true_a faith_n and_o worship_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n cure_a those_o who_o have_v be_v poison_v with_o heresy_n and_o expel_v all_o teacher_n of_o error_n so_o that_o by_o his_o zeal_n and_o diligence_n truth_n become_v again_o to_o flourish_v in_o the_o country_n after_o this_o the_o holy_a man_n build_v many_o monastery_n in_o the_o country_n and_o instruct_v the_o child_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o learning_n and_o piety_n and_o to_o win_v the_o great_a number_n to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n he_o himself_o become_v a_o monk_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o same_o profession_n very_o many_o as_o well_o of_o the_o nobility_n as_o other_o and_o also_o he_o compassionate_o free_v many_o poor_a christian_n from_o the_o slavery_n of_o infidel_n and_o so_o become_v a_o second_o apostle_n to_o ireland_n repair_v the_o ruin_n of_o that_o faith_n which_o st._n patrick_n first_o preach_v among_o they_o now_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o first_o epistle_n to_o st._n gildas_n be_v bring_v by_o faithful_a man_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o holy_a abbot_n komgall_n be_v one_o of_o those_o faithful_a man_n how_o long_o st._n gildas_n abode_n in_o ireland_n be_v uncertain_a but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o great_a work_n he_o there_o perform_v can_v not_o be_v complete_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o yet_o that_o he_o return_v into_o britain_n where_o he_o die_v in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o banchor_n after_o he_o have_v live_v ninety_o year_n what_o bishop_n usher_n refer_v to_o the_o former_a st._n gildas_n may_v reasonable_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o latter_a namely_o that_o st._n brendan_n the_o son_n of_o finloga_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 562._o come_v into_o britain_n to_o visit_v the_o holy_a old_a man_n gildas_n famous_a for_o his_o wisdom_n this_o our_o latter_a gildas_n at_o that_o time_n be_v above_o 70._o year_n old_a in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 561._o irmeric_n king_n of_o kent_n die_v after_o he_o have_v reign_v 30._o year_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n and_o daughter_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n name_n be_v ethelbert_n his_o daughter_n ricula_fw-la this_o be_v that_o famous_a ethelbert_n who_o according_a to_o his_o name_n be_v the_o glory_n and_o splendour_n of_o this_o nation_n who_o have_v the_o first_o prerogative_n among_o the_o saxon_n of_o receive_v and_o propagate_a the_o christian_a faith._n some_o disposition_n thereunto_o begin_v it_o seem_v in_o his_o father_n time_n who_o permit_v at_o least_o a_o private_a exercise_n of_o christian_a religion_n thirty_o year_n of_o ethelbert_n reign_n be_v never_o the_o less_o spend_v before_o it_o be_v open_o profess_v during_o which_o time_n he_o be_v frequent_o exercise_v in_o war_n wherein_o at_o first_o he_o sustain_v great_a loss_n which_o after_o he_o repair_v by_o many_o victory_n with_o which_o he_o much_o enlarge_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n st._n columba_n by_o occasion_n of_o civil_a war_n be_v compel_v to_o quit_v ireland_n and_o come_v into_o britain_n as_o adelmannus_fw-la who_o write_v his_o life_n relate_v in_o this_o manner_n some_o time_n after_o the_o civil_a war_n at_o culedrebene_n when_o dermitius_n son_n of_o kerbail_n be_v monarch_n of_o ireland_n and_o all_o business_n be_v determine_v before_o the_o king_n tribunal_n it_o happen_v so_o that_o st._n columba_n be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v before_o he_o to_o challenge_v a_o certain_a freeman_n who_o have_v be_v make_v captive_a and_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v plead_v before_o the_o king_n a_o unjust_a sentence_n have_v be_v pronounce_v by_o he_o the_o man_n of_o god_n rise_v up_o with_o great_a indignation_n and_o before_o all_o there_o present_a tell_v the_o unrighteous_a king_n that_o from_o that_o moment_n he_o shall_v never_o see_v his_o face_n more_o till_o god_n the_o just_a judge_n shall_v have_v diminish_v his_o kingdom_n for_o his_o injustice_n for_o say_v he_o as_o thou_o have_v despise_v i_o here_o before_o thy_o noble_n by_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n so_o shall_v the_o eternal_a god_n despise_v thou_o before_o thy_o enemy_n in_o the_o day_n of_o war._n and_o have_v say_v thus_o he_o present_o take_v horse_n smite_v he_o with_o his_o whip_n so_o as_o the_o blood_n issue_v from_o he_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o king_n councillor_n present_a they_o wonder_v at_o it_o and_o humble_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o holy_a man_n request_n lest_o god_n shall_v dissipate_v his_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o man_n of_o
latter_a end_n of_o trajan_n reign_n some_o of_o the_o britain_n attempt_v to_o shake_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o be_v neglect_v by_o the_o emperor_n engage_v in_o other_o affair_n of_o more_o concern_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a which_o of_o the_o britain_n make_v this_o attempt_n coelus_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o britain_n not_o perhaps_o the_o sole_a king_n but_o most_o considerable_a for_o power_n and_o wealth_n to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v honour_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o subjection_n as_o some_o of_o the_o british_a prince_n in_o former_a age_n be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v to_o cassibelan_n and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n to_o he_o who_o be_v style_v rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la this_o king_n coelus_n be_v describe_v in_o history_n to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o a_o benign_a and_o peaceable_a nature_n and_o well_o affect_v to_o the_o roman_n as_o have_v be_v train_v and_o bring_v up_o among_o they_o from_o his_o tender_a year_n and_o consequent_o not_o likely_a to_o join_v in_o any_o rebellion_n against_o they_o now_o though_o trajan_n have_v not_o leisure_n to_o reduce_v these_o tumultuous_a britain_n yet_o his_o successor_n adrian_n neglect_v they_o not_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a coin_n where_o on_o be_v imprint_v the_o british_a army_n with_o three_o roman_a soldier_n import_v the_o three_o legion_n in_o britain_n viz._n the_o second_o call_v augusta_n the_o fourteen_o call_v victrix_n and_o the_o twentyth_v call_v victrix_n &_o britanica_n and_o this_o it_o seem_v be_v do_v to_o admonish_v the_o britain_n that_n this_o new_a emperor_n be_v mindful_a of_o their_o disorder_n which_o about_o three_o year_n after_o he_o come_v himself_o in_o person_n to_o chastise_v julius_n severus_n be_v now_o praetor_n under_o adrian_n but_o do_v little_a as_o to_o the_o suppress_v the_o tumult_n here_o especial_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n where_o coelus_n be_v king._n howbeit_o adrian_n in_o his_o three_o year_n begin_v his_o progress_n for_o the_o rectify_v disorder_n compose_v sedition_n and_o restore_a discipline_n to_o his_o army_n every_o where_o he_o begin_v with_o germany_n from_o thence_o take_v a_o view_n of_o france_n and_o the_o follow_a year_n pass_v over_o into_o britain_n where_o his_o first_o exploit_n be_v to_o separate_v such_o as_o peaceable_o live_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o its_o yoke_n now_o whereas_o the_o northern_a britain_n since_o they_o be_v overthrow_v by_o agricola_n have_v break_v through_o the_o fortification_n he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o narrow_a isthmus_n between_o the_o frith_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o dunbritton_n yet_o adrian_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o hazard_v his_o army_n in_o repel_v they_o within_o those_o former_a bound_n but_o content_v himself_o to_o raise_v a_o wall_n or_o rampire_n more_o southerly_a which_o he_o continue_v the_o space_n of_o 80_o mile_n between_o solway-frith_n on_o the_o west_n and_o tinmouth_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o isle_n it_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n and_o strengthen_v with_o timber_n and_o in_o after_o age_n be_v call_v the_o pict_n wall_n when_o that_o northern_a nation_n become_v to_o be_v term_v pict_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o next_o year_n adrian_n be_v call_v out_o of_o britain_n to_o compose_v sedition_n raise_v in_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n when_o adrian_n be_v near_o thereabouts_o the_o jew_n and_o gentile_n be_v loud_o in_o their_o complaint_n against_o the_o christian_n in_o palestine_n from_o whence_o that_o holy_a religion_n spring_v the_o number_n of_o they_o be_v then_o great_a in_o that_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a resort_n of_o believer_n to_o that_o sacred_a place_n from_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n to_o celebrate_v the_o memory_n both_o of_o our_o saviour_n action_n and_o passion_n there_o upon_o these_o complaint_n he_o renew_v the_o persecution_n begin_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o imagine_v that_o he_o can_v destroy_v christian_a religion_n by_o a_o malicious_a deface_v the_o place_n where_o it_o begin_v he_o erect_v idol_n of_o devil_n in_o the_o most_o sacred_a place_n of_o our_o lord_n passion_n jupiter_n in_o mount_n calvary_n venus_n where_o the_o cross_n have_v be_v fix_v adonis_n at_o bethlehem_n conceive_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n will_v be_v soon_o blot_v out_o by_o the_o worship_n of_o these_o idol_n and_o indeed_o this_o holy_a place_n lie_v in_o this_o desolation_n until_o helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n think_v it_o worth_a her_o pain_n to_o search_v out_o the_o cross_n as_o be_v hereafter_o more_o full_o relate_v the_o learning_n patience_n and_o constancy_n of_o the_o christian_n through_o the_o intercession_n of_o noble_a and_o considerable_a person_n on_o their_o behalf_n cause_v adrian_n at_o last_o to_o publish_v a_o edict_n that_o none_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o their_o belief_n if_o free_a from_o other_o crime_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o emperor_n reign_n die_v our_o king_n coelus_n leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n lucius_n a_o child_n of_o ten_o year_n old_a resemble_v his_o father_n in_o virtue_n and_o consequent_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n his_o father_n affection_n to_o the_o roman_n procure_v he_o a_o roman_a name_n derive_v from_o light_n the_o britain_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n call_v he_o lever_n maur_n or_o a_o great_a brightness_n for_o the_o joy_n he_o bring_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n especial_o to_o his_o father_n be_v bear_v to_o he_o in_o his_o old_a age_n and_o 37th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perhaps_o this_o name_n foreshow_v a_o great_a light_n of_o divine_a truth_n which_o in_o this_o prince_n time_n and_o by_o his_o care_n and_o procurement_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o blessing_n arrive_v not_o all_o at_o once_o he_o do_v not_o present_o quit_v the_o superstition_n of_o his_o fore_n father_n though_o he_o continue_v his_o father_n kindness_n to_o the_o christian_n his_o heart_n be_v to_o be_v prepare_v and_o cultivate_v by_o little_a and_o little_a for_o the_o heavenly_a seed_n by_o many_o dispensation_n of_o providence_n hereafter_o occur_v gildas_n and_o nennius_n mention_v a_o message_n send_v to_o the_o britain_n by_o pope_n evaristus_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o trajan_n reign_n exhort_v they_o to_o the_o embrace_v of_o the_o christian_a faith_n the_o advantage_n or_o occasion_n of_o this_o message_n may_v be_v from_o mitigate_a that_o persecution_n of_o the_o christian_n therefore_o that_o holy_a bishop_n may_v lay_v hold_n of_o that_o opportunity_n to_o recommend_v a_o religion_n the_o innocency_n whereof_o be_v approve_v by_o its_o great_a persecutor_n nay_o a_o late_a german_a author_n affirm_v that_o our_o king_n lucius_n obtain_v from_o pope_n alexander_n the_o successor_n of_o evaristus_n that_o the_o christian_a faith_n shall_v be_v preach_v in_o this_o isle_n which_o no_o doubt_v the_o pope_n will_v easy_o grant_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o come_n of_o s._n timotheus_n and_o s._n marcellus_n with_o other_o into_o britain_n about_o this_o time_n of_o who_o more_o hereafter_o moreover_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a monument_n of_o burton-abbey_n we_o may_v find_v that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 149._o nine_o doctor_n and_o scholar_n be_v baptise_a at_o granta_n or_o cambridge_n and_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v by_o gildas_n that_o the_o christian_a faith_n do_v from_o the_o beginning_n entire_o remain_v in_o britain_n until_o dioclesian_n be_v time_n which_o be_v by_o he_o well_o observe_v lest_o any_o shall_v think_v the_o religion_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o apostle_n and_o their_o disciple_n have_v be_v utter_o extinguish_v to_o adrian_n succeed_v antoninus_n pius_n who_o send_v lollius_n vrbicus_n to_o repel_v the_o encroach_a britain_n who_o soon_o drive_v they_o back_o within_o their_o former_a bound_n yet_o find_v work_n enough_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n and_o dissension_n which_o break_v out_o afresh_o in_o the_o former_o subdue_v province_n between_o the_o brigantes_n and_o ordovices_n these_o tumult_n be_v of_o such_o danger_n and_o hazard_n that_o the_o happy_a quiet_v they_o give_v the_o addition_n of_o britanicus_n to_o antoninus_n in_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o this_o emperor_n pope_n pius_n the_o first_o establish_v by_o decree_n the_o observation_n of_o easter_n or_o the_o feast_n of_o our_o lord_n resurrection_n upon_o a_o sunday_n in_o opposition_n to_o such_o judaize_v christian_n who_o pretend_v a_o tradition_n from_o st._n john_n the_o evangelist_n keep_v it_o precise_o on_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n in_o march._n our_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a monument_n make_v mention_n about_o this_o time_n of_o one_o marcellus_n a_o britain_n bear_v and_o a_o zealous_a preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n in_o britain_n of_o who_o our_o english_a martyrology_n testify_v that_o
of_o this_o world_n make_v haste_n to_o obtain_v with_o the_o holy_a apostle_n the_o everlasting_a palm_n of_o victory_n that_o palm_n which_o st._n paul_n attain_v by_o a_o world_n of_o suffering_n and_o st._n peter_n also_o from_o who_o the_o cross_n itself_o can_v not_o take_v the_o love_n of_o christ_n soter_n and_o eleutherius_fw-la salute_v thou_o salute_v the_o brethren_n who_o live_v with_o thou_o in_o our_o lord_n cerinthus_n satan_n prime_a minister_n seduce_v many_o from_o the_o faith_n may_v the_o grace_n of_o christ_n dwell_v for_o ever_o in_o thy_o heart_n we_o may_v see_v by_o this_o epistle_n the_o solicitude_n and_o care_n of_o this_o holy_a pope_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o soul_n not_o in_o rome_n only_o but_o elsewhere_o as_o also_o in_o another_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o justus_n wherein_o he_o recommend_v the_o decent_a inter_v of_o the_o body_n of_o martyr_n and_o a_o due_a veneration_n of_o their_o relic_n in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o marcus_n aurelius_n and_o 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of_o our_o province_n have_v heretofore_o write_v letter_n to_o our_o most_o holy_a and_o deify_v father_n hadrian_n to_o who_o his_o answer_n and_o rescript_n be_v that_o no_o further_a trouble_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o those_o man_n except_o they_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o guilty_a of_o any_o crime_n or_o have_v a_o design_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n many_o also_o have_v write_v to_o i_o in_o their_o favour_n to_o who_o my_o answer_n be_v that_o i_o assent_v to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o will_n of_o my_o late_a father_n and_o my_o pleasure_n be_v that_o if_o any_o shall_v hereafter_o offer_v any_o injury_n or_o vexation_n to_o any_o christian_a as_o a_o christian_a the_o person_n so_o persecute_v though_o find_v indeed_o to_o be_v a_o christian_n shall_v be_v present_o acquit_v and_o his_o accuser_n undergo_v just_a and_o due_a punishment_n this_o edict_n though_o direct_v particular_o to_o asia_n yet_o have_v influence_n over_o the_o whole_a roman_a world_n and_o 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and_o danger_n undergo_v in_o germany_n in_o subdue_a the_o marcomanni_n and_o jaziges_fw-ge be_v enforce_v to_o a_o new_a and_o sharp_a war_n against_o the_o quadi_n from_o which_o ensue_v a_o victory_n happy_a to_o the_o roman_n beyond_o their_o hope_n obtain_v indeed_o by_o the_o miraculous_a favour_n of_o god_n for_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v bring_v in_o extreme_a danger_n be_v save_v after_o a_o wonderful_a manner_n and_o mere_o a_o special_a divine_a assistance_n they_o be_v narrow_o enclose_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o quadi_n yet_o in_o place_n commodious_a fight_v valiant_o but_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n crafty_o forbear_v to_o come_v to_o a_o general_a engagement_n hope_v without_o that_o hazard_n to_o see_v the_o roman_n destroy_v before_o their_o face_n with_o extremity_n of_o heat_n and_o thirst_v who_o by_o their_o multitude_n they_o have_v shut_v so_o in_o that_o they_o can_v come_v by_o no_o water_n now_o the_o roman_n bring_v to_o
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only_o of_o the_o say_v miraculous_a deliverance_n but_o what_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n and_o senator_n have_v thereupon_o give_v up_o their_o name_n to_o christ_n no_o wonder_n if_o lucius_n thus_o convince_v in_o judgement_n and_o not_o deter_v by_o the_o roman_a civil_a power_n at_o last_o submit_v his_o neck_n to_o the_o same_o easy_a yoke_n as_o for_o our_o bale_n conceit_n that_o trebellius_n and_o pertinax_n be_v both_o christian_n and_o wrought_v upon_o lucius_n there_o be_v no_o ground_n in_o history_n for_o it_o and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o this_o king_n conversion_n it_o may_v have_v be_v more_o clear_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n have_v not_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o elevanus_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la be_v lose_v nevertheless_o what_o may_v be_v glean_v out_o of_o primitive_a record_n as_o relic_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n shall_v not_o be_v omit_v especial_o if_o approve_v by_o modern_a author_n among_o the_o rest_n thus_o write_v bale_n lucius_n as_o he_o conjecture_n be_v scandalize_v at_o the_o meanness_n and_o poverty_n of_o christ_n as_o the_o jew_n be_v for_o though_o christian_a religion_n have_v for_o the_o space_n of_o more_o than_o 100_o year_n be_v propagate_v in_o britain_n yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o due_a splendour_n because_o hitherto_o administer_v by_o simple_a poor_a and_o contemptible_a person_n and_o want_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o support_v it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o say_a king_n be_v inform_v by_o the_o emperor_n lieutenant_n that_o upon_o the_o cease_n of_o persecution_n many_o illustrious_a roman_n have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n he_o then_o begin_v to_o entertain_v a_o more_o worthy_a conceit_n of_o it_o and_o now_o serious_o compare_v this_o holy_a faith_n with_o what_o he_o have_v learn_v from_o his_o druid_n the_o simplicity_n and_o sanctity_n of_o the_o one_o with_o the_o 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in_o his_o neighbour_a kingdom_n of_o gaul_n many_o renown_v and_o learn_v bishop_n be_v then_o live_v especial_o st._n iraeneus_n bishop_n of_o lion_n yet_o to_o none_o of_o these_o have_v lucius_n particular_a recourse_n but_o send_v two_o messenger_n through_o that_o nation_n direct_v they_o to_o st._n eleutherius_fw-la a_o worthy_a successor_n of_o st._n peter_n in_o the_o apostolic_a chair_n which_o he_o with_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n take_v to_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n this_o he_o may_v well_o learn_v from_o st._n iraeneus_n against_o heresy_n who_o declare_v that_o every_o church_n and_o all_o christian_n wherever_o dsperse_v shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o roman_a church_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o more_o powersul_n principality_n tertullian_n also_o than_o a_o eminent_a priest_n will_v have_v give_v the_o same_o advice_n for_o thus_o he_o bespeak_v his_o reader_n who_o ever_o thou_o be_v say_v he_o who_o will_v better_v employ_v thy_o curiosity_n in_o the_o business_n of_o thy_o salvation_n take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o principal_a church_n found_v by_o the_o apostle_n if_o italy_n be_v near_o to_o thou_o thou_o may_v repair_v to_o rome_n from_o whence_o our_o authority_n in_o africa_n be_v likewise_o derive_v a_o church_n it_o be_v happy_a in_o its_o constitution_n to_o which_o the_o chief_a apostle_n together_o with_o their_o blood_n shed_v forth_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o christianity_n and_o as_o for_o st._n iraeneus_n he_o give_v a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o time_n of_o eleatherius_n with_o who_o he_o be_v contemporary_a and_o with_o his_o catalogue_n this_o assertion_n by_o make_v know_v the_o faith_n of_o that_o chief_a and_o most_o ancient_a church_n of_o rome_n renown_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n found_v and_o constitute_v by_o the_o most_o glorious_a apostle_n st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o by_o a_o uninterrupted_n succession_n of_o bishop_n derive_v to_o our_o time_n we_o confound_v all_o those_o who_o any_o way_n either_o by_o a_o unlawful_a self-love_n vain_a glory_n blindness_n or_o perversity_n of_o opinion_n make_v separate_v congregation_n profess_v other_o doctrine_n therefore_o to_o elutherius_n pastor_n of_o this_o church_n king_n lucius_n address_v himself_o to_o obtain_v law_n and_o ordinance_n necessary_a for_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o well_o order_v church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n what_o his_o message_n be_v our_o bishop_n usher_n have_v declare_v out_o of_o a_o ancient_a book_n belong_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o abingdon_n namely_o that_o king_n lucius_n have_v hear_v the_o fame_n of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o preacher_n at_o that_o time_n in_o rome_n send_v his_o messenger_n with_o public_a letter_n in_o great_a expedition_n most_o devout_o and_o earnest_o beseech_v the_o venerable_a pope_n eleutherius_fw-la that_o by_o his_o order_n and_o will_v he_o may_v be_v make_v a_o christian_n it_o be_v true_a the_o bishop_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n attribute_v this_o to_o the_o primacy_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n but_o to_o the_o commerce_n and_o strict_a alliance_n between_o the_o conquer_a britain_n and_n that_o imperial_a city_n contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a judgement_n of_o irenaeus_n and_o tertullian_n beforementioned_a and_o the_o traditionary_a practice_n of_o all_o age_n in_o the_o protestant_a author_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n we_o may_v find_v who_o be_v this_o king_n messenger_n namely_o elvanus_n and_o medwinus_n beforementioned_a and_o what_o their_o message_n be_v more_o particular_o viz._n to_o request_v the_o roman_a bishop_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o direct_v his_o legate_n with_o order_n to_o baptise_v he_o be_v already_o endue_v with_o christian_a doctrine_n and_o that_o they_o may_v bring_v the_o roman_a law_n with_o they_o according_a to_o which_o he_o may_v order_n and_o establish_v both_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a state_n of_o 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may_v appear_v by_o the_o pope_n answer_n preserve_v to_o this_o day_n by_o matthew_n of_o
the_o ground_n this_o church_n from_o the_o day_n of_o king_n lucius_n be_v design_v for_o a_o bury_v place_n of_o our_o king_n as_o at_o this_o day_n and_o after_o it_o be_v re-edifyed_a by_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n a_o second_o metropolitan_a church_n be_v about_o this_o time_n erect_v in_o the_o city_n of_o york_n esteem_v in_o that_o age_n the_o prime_a city_n and_o church_n of_o britain_n the_o three_o metropolitan_a church_n be_v then_o also_o build_v at_o landaff_n or_o caerleon_n upon_o vsk_n in_o which_o city_n now_o ruin_v be_v three_o noble_a church_n one_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n julius_n beautify_v with_o a_o monastery_n of_o virgin_n consecrate_a to_o god._n a_o second_o found_v by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o companion_n st._n aaron_n and_o a_o three_o famous_a for_o be_v the_o metropolitan_a see_v of_o all_o cambria_n although_o dubritius_fw-la be_v mention_v in_o history_n to_o be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o the_o welsh_a britain_n 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their_o precinct_n which_o benefit_n of_o sanctuary_n have_v be_v continue_v and_o increase_v by_o most_o succeed_a prince_n neither_o be_v the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o pagan_a temple_n inconsiderable_a for_o that_o religion_n be_v very_o costly_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o pagan_a flamen_n in_o london_n sacrifice_v yearly_o 40000._o cow_n 100000._o sheep_n innumerable_a sort_n of_o all_o fowl_n beside_o 30000._o savage_a beast_n as_o staggs_n and_o other_o beast_n of_o the_o forest_n beside_o all_o this_o king_n lucius_z in_o the_o 6_o year_n after_o his_o conversion_n found_v a_o church_n and_o monastery_n at_o winchester_n which_o he_o plentiful_o endow_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o church_n of_o vast_a dimension_n and_o adorn_v with_o a_o episcopal_a palace_n the_o possession_n of_o it_o extend_v 12._o miles_n round_o about_o the_o city_n this_o church_n be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o fugatius_n and_o damianus_n and_o devotus_fw-la a_o monk_n by_o they_o constitute_v the_o first_o abbot_n from_o this_o time_n until_o the_o time_n of_o dioclesian_n the_o monk_n here_o quiet_o serve_v god_n after_o the_o rule_n and_o order_n prescribe_v by_o st._n mark_v the_o evangelist_n and_o first_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n which_o rule_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o cassianus_n say_v these_o monk_n do_v not_o content_v themselves_o to_o retain_v the_o order_n of_o live_v practise_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n whereof_o we_o read_v in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o they_o have_v all_o thing_n in_o common_a account_v nothing_o their_o own_o sell_v their_o possession_n and_o lay_v the_o price_n at_o the_o apostle_n foot_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o such_o as_o have_v need_v but_o these_o monk_n aspire_v to_o practice_n more_o sublime_a for_o retire_v they_o to_o the_o most_o secret_a place_n they_o lead_v a_o life_n of_o unparalleled_a abstinence_n and_o austerity_n in_o read_v of_o holy_a scripture_n day_n and_o night_n in_o fervent_a prayer_n and_o continual_a labour_n of_o their_o hand_n without_o regard_n of_o food_n or_o sustenance_n save_v only_o that_o every_o second_o or_o three_o day_n they_o will_v receive_v some_o slender_a sustenance_n for_o necessity_n not_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o appetite_n and_o not_o then_o until_o after_o sunset_n the_o light_n they_o spend_v in_o labour_n or_o holy_a exercise_n darkness_n suffice_v for_o the_o care_n of_o their_o body_n under_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n this_o holy_a fraternity_n be_v dissipate_v but_o not_o long_o after_o again_o restore_v and_o their_o church_n consecrate_a by_o constantius_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 309._o take_v a_o new_a name_n from_o st._n amphibolus_fw-la who_o with_o st._n alban_n be_v crown_v with_o martyrdom_n and_o by_o this_o name_n gildas_n call_v it_o in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o son_n of_o mordred_n murder_v by_o constantine_n in_o this_o place_n it_o suffer_v a_o second_o eclipse_n when_o the_o infidel_n saxon_n lay_v waste_v all_o holy_a place_n in_o this_o island_n howbeit_o not_o soon_o do_v the_o saxon_n embrace_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n but_o they_o repair_v this_o church_n and_o monastery_n after_o call_v de_fw-fr hida_n and_o restore_v it_o to_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnificence_n than_o it_o have_v before_o in_o which_o splendour_n and_o beauty_n it_o continue_v fortify_v by_o charter_n of_o king_n and_o bull_n of_o pope_n until_o all_o religious_a house_n be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o sury_n and_o avarice_n of_o henry_n the_o viii_o so_o as_o st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o westminster_n prove_v a_o prophet_n who_o declare_v the_o same_o charter_n shall_v continue_v in_o force_n so_o long_o as_o the_o love_n of_o christianity_n shall_v remain_v in_o this_o nation_n our_o devout_a and_o wise_a king_n lucius_n do_v not_o only_o endow_v church_n and_o monastery_n for_o the_o present_a worship_n of_o god_n but_o provide_v seminary_n of_o learning_n and_o piety_n for_o the_o future_a increase_n thereof_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o which_o be_v the_o school_n and_o monastery_n of_o bangor_n in_o north-wales_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o college_n of_o christian_a philosopher_n but_o be_v in_o some_o author_n mistake_v for_o another_o of_o that_o name_n in_o ulster_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o famous_a bishop_n st._n malachias_n who_o life_n be_v elegant_o write_v by_o st._n bernard_n however_o this_o famous_a monastery_n it_o seem_v prosper_v so_o well_o for_o a_o long_a time_n that_o at_o the_o come_n of_o st._n augustine_n into_o england_n more_o than_o 2000_o monk_n be_v find_v in_o it_o this_o king_n be_v not_o only_o careful_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v the_o christian_a faith_n within_o his_o own_o kingdom_n but_o as_o many_o ancient_a and_o credible_a record_n testify_v personal_o sow_v the_o seed_n of_o christianity_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o foreign_a part_n and_o as_o some_o say_v there_o end_v his_o day_n as_o his_o virgin_n sister_n and_o martyr_n also_o do_v fugatius_n or_o phaganus_fw-la and_o damianus_n be_v inform_v of_o st._n joseph_n and_o his_o companion_n be_v retirement_n to_o glastonbury_n and_o their_o death_n there_o visit_v the_o place_n which_o they_o find_v reduce_v to_o little_o better_a than_o a_o covert_a of_o wild-beast_n so_o little_a encouragement_n or_o countenance_n have_v the_o christian_a faith_n receive_v yet_o by_o divine_a conduct_n they_o discover_v a_o ancient_a church_n build_v by_o st._n joseph_n and_o his_o companion_n and_o consecrate_a as_o aforesaid_a by_o god_n himself_o they_o also_o find_v the_o holy-cross_n with_o several_a write_n and_o other_o token_n declare_v the_o place_n to_o have_v be_v former_o a_o habitation_n of_o christian_n and_o receptable_a of_o those_o prime_a disciple_n they_o therefore_o add_v another_o oratory_n build_v of_o stone_n dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tor_n or_o mountain_n raise_v a_o chapel_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n and_o last_o to_o continue_v the_o service_n of_o god_n which_o have_v be_v interrupt_v they_o establish_v a_o succession_n of_o 12_o devout_a person_n in_o memory_n of_o st._n joseph_n and_o the_o first_o 12._o which_o succession_n continue_v till_o the_o come_n of_o st._n patrick_n the_o apostle_n of_o ireland_n unto_o this_o place_n these_o two_o holy_a man_n make_v this_o place_n their_o retirement_n for_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o year_n and_o there_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v as_o be_v believe_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 199._o after_o the_o death_n of_o lucius_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o severus_n none_o of_o the_o british_a race_n be_v permit_v to_o reign_v but_o legate_n from_o the_o emperor_n command_v the_o roman_a army_n in_o the_o time_n of_o commodus_n
the_o shine_a lamp_n of_o his_o holy_a martyr_n the_o place_n of_o who_o suffering_n and_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o who_o body_n may_v inflame_v we_o with_o divine_a love_n be_v not_o a_o access_n to_o those_o place_n deny_v we_o by_o our_o barbarous_a enemy_n the_o place_n i_o mean_v where_o repose_v the_o body_n of_o st._n alban_n at_o verulam_n st._n aaron_n and_o julian_n at_o caerleon_n and_o many_o other_o in_o several_a quarter_n who_o have_v stand_v up_o courageous_o in_o our_o lord_n army_n of_o which_o the_o first_o st._n alban_n after_o he_o have_v with_o much_o charity_n entertain_v in_o his_o house_n and_o secure_v from_o danger_n the_o holy_a confessor_n st._n amphibalus_fw-la offer_v himself_o to_o persecution_n with_o wonderful_a miracle_n be_v in_o his_o confession_n glorify_v by_o god_n walk_v with_o thousand_o after_o he_o dry-foot_o over_o the_o river_n while_o the_o water_n stand_v as_o a_o rock_n on_o both_o side_n of_o they_o by_o which_o wonder_n his_o design_v 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relic_n and_o decent_o to_o inter_v they_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o christian_n in_o those_o day_n but_o condemn_v by_o the_o manichean_o as_o superstitious_a st._n augustine_n confute_v their_o error_n by_o distinguish_v the_o veneration_n due_a to_o saint_n which_o he_o call_v doulia_fw-la from_o the_o supreme_a degree_n of_o adoration_n due_n only_o to_o god_n which_o he_o term_v latria_n our_o gildas_n have_v thus_o relate_v the_o martyrdom_n of_o our_o proto-martyr_n st._n alban_n show_v what_o a_o change_n happen_v in_o britain_n nine_o year_n after_o when_o the_o fury_n of_o this_o persecution_n cease_v for_o then_o say_v he_o all_o the_o devout_a soldier_n of_o christ_n with_o joyful_a eye_n behold_v and_o receive_v the_o calm_a and_o lightsomness_n follow_v so_o tedious_a a_o winters-night_n then_o they_o begin_v to_o restore_v demolish_a church_n they_o new_o found_v sacred_a temple_n consecrate_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o holy_a martyr_n these_o they_o adorn_v and_o in_o they_o celebrate_v public_a festivity_n and_o pure_a sacrifice_n as_o manifest_a trophy_n after_o their_o victory_n this_o happy_a change_n begin_v soon_o after_o the_o tyrant_n carausius_n and_o alectus_fw-la be_v vanquish_v by_o constantius_n who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 292._o be_v create_v caesar_n and_o receive_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n gregory_n the_o great_a be_v not_o then_o the_o first_o who_o bring_v into_o britain_n the_o custom_n of_o dedicate_a church_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o martyr_n for_o germanus_n and_o lupus_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o this_o island_n there_o to_o root_v out_o the_o pelagian_a heresy_n and_o find_v here_o erect_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o st._n alban_n in_o the_o place_n where_o by_o shed_v his_o blood_n he_o so_o triumph_v a_o famous_a church_n which_o with_o great_a devotion_n he_o visited_n and_o there_o pay_v his_o thanks_o to_o god_n for_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o pelagian_a heresy_n he_o open_v the_o holy_a martyr_n sepulchre_n and_o as_o a_o honour_n to_o he_o repose_v in_o it_o several_a relic_n of_o apostle_n and_o martyr_n which_o he_o bring_v over_o out_o of_o france_n with_o he_o and_o because_o he_o will_v not_o depart_v without_o the_o holy_a martyr_n protection_n he_o take_v a_o lump_n of_o earth_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o martyr_n blood_n be_v shed_v and_o at_o his_o return_n into_o france_n carry_v it_o to_o his_o own_o see_v from_o whence_o the_o veneration_n of_o st._n alban_n spread_v itself_o over_o all_o france_n and_o after_o into_o germany_n also_o by_o a_o contest_v between_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o ely_n in_o edward_z the_o ii_n time_n it_o be_v put_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o body_n of_o this_o holy_a martyr_n be_v bury_v at_o st._n alban_n for_o the_o monk_n of_o ely_n contend_v before_o that_o king_n that_o the_o say_v martyr_n body_n lie_v among_o they_o the_o king_n command_v his_o pretend_a tomb_n there_o shall_v be_v open_v which_o be_v do_v nothing_o be_v find_v in_o it_o but_o a_o course_n hair-garment_n sprinkle_v with_o blood_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o as_o fresh_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v late_o shed_v which_o garment_n questionless_a be_v the_o caracalla_n beforementioned_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n this_o poor_a garment_n shall_v with_o veneration_n be_v preserve_v by_o these_o monk_n of_o ely_n for_o god_n have_v declare_v this_o to_o be_v acceptable_a to_o he_o by_o many_o miracle_n witness_n st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n who_o have_v thus_o write_v that_o a_o little_a portion_n of_o dust_n a_o particle_n of_o bone_n a_o little_a hair_n part_n of_o the_o vestment_n the_o sprinkled_a mark_n of_o a_o martyr_n blood_n aught_o to_o have_v as_o much_o veneration_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n he_o add_v further_a that_o he_o have_v know_v where_o only_o the_o name_n of_o a_o martyr_n attribute_v to_o a_o place_n have_v produce_v the_o same_o virtue_n that_o his_o whole_a 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disciple_n st._n alban_n and_o which_o be_v sprinkle_v with_o his_o fresh_a blood_n and_o so_o be_v a_o manifest_a token_n of_o his_o late_a martyrdom_n and_o upon_o which_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la after_o he_o have_v give_v thanks_o to_o god_n make_v a_o sermon_n of_o christian_a religion_n to_o his_o auditor_n in_o number_n about_o 1000_o who_o have_v hear_v the_o sermon_n embrace_v his_o doctrine_n and_o cheerful_o receive_v from_o his_o sacred_a hand_n as_o a_o seal_n of_o their_o faith_n the_o holy_a baptism_n the_o departure_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n from_o verulam_n raise_v so_o great_a a_o animosity_n against_o those_o deserter_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o city_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o infidel_n that_o they_o resolve_v to_o pursue_v they_o with_o arm_a force_n hope_v to_o find_v amphibalus_fw-la in_o their_o company_n which_o they_o soon_o do_v and_o take_v he_o in_o
for_o the_o benefit_n of_o other_o and_o to_o show_v that_o he_o have_v not_o desert_v his_o religious_a profession_n he_o build_v a_o monastery_n in_o a_o town_n towards_o the_o severnshore_n in_o those_o day_n call_v loderic_n and_o laffenac_n afterward_o from_o he_o petrocstow_v now_o more_o contract_o padstow_n at_o this_o time_n the_o saxon_n under_o cerdic_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o province_n and_o when_o the_o saint_n with_o his_o disciple_n have_v land_v and_o leave_v their_o ship_n certain_a reaper_n then_o at_o work_n speak_v rude_o and_o bitter_o to_o they_o and_o among_o other_o taunt_a speech_n require_v they_o that_o their_o conductor_n st._n petroc_n shall_v for_o the_o asswage_n of_o their_o thirst_n cause_v a_o spring_n of_o fresh_a water_n to_o issue_n out_o of_o a_o rock_n there_o adjoin_v this_o be_v say_v either_o in_o derision_n of_o they_o be_v stranger_n or_o for_o a_o trial_n whether_o their_o sanctity_n be_v answerable_a to_o their_o profession_n hereupon_o st._n petroc_n who_o never_o refuse_v what_o be_v in_o his_o power_n address_v his_o prayer_n to_o our_o merciful_a lord_n and_o with_o his_o staff_n smite_v the_o rock_n immediate_o there_o gush_v forth_o a_o spring_n of_o clear_a sweet_a water_n which_o be_v say_v to_o flow_v there_o at_o this_o day_n the_o barbarous_a pagan_n utter_o ignorant_a of_o christian_a religion_n be_v astonish_v at_o this_o miracle_n and_o when_o the_o holy_a servant_n of_o god_n ask_v they_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o in_o that_o province_n who_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o direct_v he_o to_o a_o holy_a man_n call_v samson_n who_o they_o tell_v he_o lead_v a_o solitary_a life_n and_o exercise_v himself_o in_o corporal_a labour_n fast_v watch_v and_o prayer_n sustain_v himself_o daily_a with_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o barley_n bread_n this_o be_v that_o samson_n who_o succeed_v st._n david_n in_o the_o see_v of_o menevia_n and_o after_o be_v bishop_n of_o dole_n in_o lesser_a britain_n of_o who_o more_o hereafter_o after_o 30_o year_n abode_n in_o this_o solitude_n wherein_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v instruct_v credan_n medan_n and_o dathan_n three_o of_o his_o principal_a disciple_n illustrious_a for_o their_o learning_n and_o piety_n he_o leave_v his_o monastery_n of_o loderic_n and_o undertake_v a_o foreign_a pilgrimage_n to_o rome_n and_o so_o to_o jerusalem_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v proceed_v as_o far_o as_o india_n and_o to_o have_v spend_v seven_o year_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o contemplative_a life_n in_o a_o certain_a unknown_a island_n of_o the_o eastern_a ocean_n from_o which_o tedious_a voyage_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o and_o with_o 12_o companion_n retire_v himself_o into_o a_o dry_a and_o barren_a solitude_n his_o death_n in_o our_o ecclesiastical_a monument_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 564._o and_o he_o be_v bury_v at_o padstow_n in_o which_o town_n be_v ancient_o place_v a_o episcopal_n see_v which_o be_v after_o translate_v to_o bodmin_n in_o regard_n the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v at_o first_o mean_o bury_v at_o padstow_n and_o afterward_o transfer_v and_o honourable_o repose_v at_o bodmin_n but_o his_o relic_n do_v not_o always_o rest_v at_o bodmin_n for_o as_o roger_n hoveden_n say_v martin_n a_o canon_n regular_n of_o the_o church_n of_o bodmin_n by_o stealth_n take_v away_o the_o body_n of_o st._n petroc_n and_o flee_v with_o it_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n meven_n in_o britain_n the_o less_o which_o theft_n be_v discover_v roger_n pryor_n of_o that_o cathedral_n church_n with_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o chapter_n address_v themselves_o to_o king_n henry_n the_o father_n for_o his_o son_n be_v then_o likewise_o king_n and_o from_o he_o they_o obtain_v a_o strict_a command_n to_o the_o abbot_n and_o convent_n of_o st._n meven_n without_o delay_n to_o restore_v st._n petroc_n be_v body_n to_o the_o pryour_fw-mi of_o bodmin_n which_o if_o they_o refuse_v the_o king_n give_v order_n to_o roland_n of_o dinant_n the_o governor_n of_o little_a britain_n to_o take_v away_o the_o sacred_a body_n by_o force_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o abbot_n of_o meven_n hear_v hereof_o he_o restore_v the_o body_n entire_a swear_v withal_o upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o certain_a saint_n that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o body_n unchanged_a and_o unimpaired_a the_o reason_n why_o the_o covent_n of_o meven_n be_v so_o desirous_a of_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n petroc_n be_v because_o st._n meven_n the_o patron_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v bear_v in_o great_a britain_n and_o as_o many_o other_o saint_n do_v flee_v into_o the_o less_o britain_n and_o with_o great_a veneration_n be_v honour_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o st._n malo_n where_o judicael_n a_o prince_n of_o that_o less_o britain_n descend_v from_o this_o of_o we_o build_v the_o say_a monastery_n all_o author_n agree_v that_o the_o year_n 508._o be_v fatal_a to_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a battle_n wherein_o either_o their_o valiant_a king_n or_o general_n of_o his_o army_n be_v slay_v the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n mention_v to_o be_v slay_v make_v the_o confusion_n the_o noble_a historian_n ethelward_o express_o affirm_v that_o cerdic_n and_o his_o son_n cenric_n slay_v natanleod_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n mat._n paris_n indeed_o affirm_v that_o uther_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o natanleod_n his_o general_n bishop_n usher_n may_v decide_v this_o controversy_n who_o affirm_v that_o uther_n in_o the_o british_a language_n be_v call_v natanleod_n but_o after_o for_o his_o valiant_a act_n obtain_v the_o surname_n of_o uter_n which_o in_o british_a signify_v terrible_a or_o admirable_a therefore_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n arthur_n be_v call_v mab_n uther_n which_o signify_v the_o son_n of_o a_o terrible_a prince_n because_o from_o his_o childhood_n he_o be_v fierce_a and_o cruel_a arthur_n be_v out_o of_o the_o british_a language_n interpret_v a_o terrible_a bear_n or_o a_o iron-wall_n which_o break_v the_o lion_n jaw_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n thus_o describe_v this_o battle_n nazaleod_n say_v he_o so_o he_o call_v natanleod_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a fame_n and_o withal_o of_o great_a pride_n of_o who_o the_o province_n be_v call_v nazaleoli_n which_o after_o have_v the_o name_n of_o certicks-ford_n he_o gather_v a_o army_n out_o of_o all_o britain_n and_o certic_a with_o his_o son_n to_o enable_v themselves_o to_o encounter_v he_o have_v in_o so_o great_a danger_n obtain_v aid_n from_o aesca_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o ella_n the_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a as_o likewise_o from_o port_n and_o his_o son_n late_o arrive_v which_o force_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o main_a body_n one_o lead_v by_o certic_n the_o other_o by_o his_o son_n cenric_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v king_n nazaleod_n perceive_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o enemy_n conduct_v by_o certic_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o he_o turn_v all_o his_o force_n against_o it_o willing_a to_o destroy_v that_o which_o be_v strong_a he_o set_v upon_o it_o therefore_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o he_o break_v quite_o through_o they_o throw_v down_o their_o ensign_n force_v certic_a to_o fly_v and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o army_n in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o cenric_n who_o conduct_v the_o left_a wing_n see_v his_o father_n army_n rout_v rush_v vehement_o on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o britain_n whilst_o they_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n fly_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o combat_n become_v furious_a insomuch_o as_o king_n nazaleod_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o britain_n force_v to_o fly_v of_o who_o there_o fall_v 5000._o and_o the_o rest_n save_v themselves_o by_o their_o swiftness_n thus_o the_o saxon_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n so_o that_o for_o some_o year_n they_o be_v not_o disturb_v by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o great_a multitude_n of_o valiant_a soldier_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n to_o join_v with_o they_o this_o famous_a battle_n fight_v in_o hampshire_n the_o province_n of_o the_o belgae_n between_o the_o entire_a force_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_n and_o britain_n as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o mastery_n have_v utter_o ruin_v the_o british_a state_n have_v uter_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o successor_n of_o a_o courage_n less_o heroical_a than_o his_o son_n arthur_n that_o renown_a prince_n who_o glorious_a exploit_n be_v now_o to_o be_v relate_v the_o gest_n of_o this_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o uter_n be_v cloud_v by_o such_o mist_n of_o fable_n that_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o story_n can_v hardly_o be_v relate_v not_o for_o want_v but_o the_o excess_n of_o matter_n record_v of_o he_o and_o that_o by_o writer_n who_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o magnify_v his_o fame_n by_o their_o impudent_a lie_n have_v almost_o
epistle_n to_o timothy_n send_v to_o he_o from_o rome_n among_o other_o salutation_n join_v pudens_n and_o claudia_n and_o a_o late_a learned_a writer_n have_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o antiquity_n that_o this_o our_o claudia_n ruffina_n spring_v from_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o britain_n and_o be_v the_o wife_n and_o mother_n of_o glorious_a saint_n and_o our_o ancient_a history_n report_n that_o timotheus_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o pudens_n come_v into_o this_o our_o island_n and_o convert_v many_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o at_o least_o dispose_v king_n lucius_n to_o his_o succeed_a conversion_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o his_o come_n hither_o may_v be_v the_o love_n and_o regard_n he_o have_v to_o his_o mother_n a_o british_a lady_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o pomponia_n graecina_n the_o wife_n of_o plantius_n general_n of_o the_o army_n under_o claudius_n in_o this_o island_n be_v a_o christian_a and_o devout_a saint_n but_o this_o may_v be_v doubtful_a though_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o tacitus_n that_o she_o be_v accuse_v of_o a_o strange_a religion_n forbid_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n which_o may_v be_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o she_o may_v attain_v by_o her_o acquaintance_n with_o claudia_n ruffina_n but_o we_o have_v more_o unquestionable_a record_n of_o one_o mansuetus_n companion_n of_o st._n clemens_n which_o mansuetus_n be_v a_o northern_a britain_n who_o go_v to_o rome_n either_o with_o adminius_n a_o prince_n of_o britain_n or_o bericus_n a_o nobleman_n thereof_o or_o as_o attendant_n upon_o caractacus_n where_o the_o say_v mansuetus_n may_v be_v convert_v by_o st._n peter_n and_o be_v by_o he_o constitute_v bishop_n of_o toul_n in_o lorraine_n upon_o a_o miracle_n by_o he_o do_v in_o restore_v to_o life_n and_o health_n a_o son_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n who_o say_a son_n fall_v down_o from_o a_o high_a tower_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o miracle_n be_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o say_a governor_n his_o whole_a family_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o citizen_n insomuch_o as_o after_o the_o word_n have_v a_o free_a course_n not_o only_o in_o that_o city_n but_o in_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o priest_n be_v ordain_v and_o a_o church_n erect_v and_o consecrate_a to_o the_o holy_a trinity_n about_o this_o time_n one_o beatus_fw-la of_o this_o island_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o go_v to_o rome_n for_o further_a instruction_n therein_o by_o s._n peter_n and_o after_o become_v the_o apostle_n of_o the_o helvetian_o and_o die_v among_o they_o illustrious_a for_o his_o exemplary_a piety_n and_o great_a miracle_n thus_o early_o do_v it_o please_v god_n to_o enlighten_v this_o our_o native_a country_n with_o his_o divine_a truth_n and_o to_o transform_v the_o barbarous_a inhabitant_n thereof_o into_o apostle_n and_o messenger_n of_o salvation_n to_o other_o country_n also_o and_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o ancient_a monument_n it_o please_v our_o good_a god_n to_o send_v his_o prime_a apostle_n s_o peter_n into_o this_o island_n to_o establish_v and_o confirm_v what_o other_o person_n though_o of_o great_a honour_n and_o holiness_n have_v begin_v yet_o for_o want_v of_o the_o episcopal_a character_n can_v not_o establish_v order_n and_o government_n in_o this_o new_a plant_v church_n as_o the_o apostle_n can_v and_o do_v do_v unquestionable_a ancient_a author_n have_v record_v that_o when_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v by_o lott_n among_o the_o apostle_n the_o west_n become_v the_o portion_n of_o s._n peter_n and_o that_o from_o rome_n he_o come_v to_o britain_n and_o make_v a_o long_a abode_n there_o constitute_v church_n and_o ordain_v priest_n and_o deacon_n this_o truth_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o many_o holy_a and_o primitive_a pope_n by_o many_o of_o our_o british_a and_o saxon_a king_n by_o the_o vision_n of_o s._n peter_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n nay_o our_o late_a king_n james_n the_o first_o of_o ever_o bless_a memory_n do_v not_o doubt_v in_o a_o public_a audience_n to_o affirm_v that_o rome_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o all_o church_n in_o what_o particular_a year_n this_o come_n of_o s._n peter_n be_v be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v whether_o upon_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n edict_n to_o banish_v all_o jew_n from_o rome_n or_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o nero_n reign_n be_v doubtful_a but_o that_o he_o be_v absent_a from_o rome_n when_o s._n paul_n write_v his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n be_v more_o than_o probable_a since_o he_o omit_v s._n peter_n out_o of_o his_o salutation_n certain_o a_o free_a scope_n be_v allow_v in_o this_o island_n at_o that_o time_n for_o divine_a verity_n than_o in_o other_o place_n first_o because_o nero_n persecution_n never_o extend_v hither_o second_o for_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o be_v a_o little_a limit_v by_o the_o british_a prince_n who_o be_v at_o least_o civil_a to_o christian_n three_o the_o great_a distance_n betwixt_o rome_n and_o this_o island_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o quiet_a and_o uninterupted_n solitude_n of_o glastonbury_n where_o be_v erect_v the_o first_o school_n of_o contemplation_n and_o which_o continue_v the_o glorious_a habitation_n of_o a_o world_n of_o saint_n even_o to_o late_a year_n it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o a_o very_a ancient_a author_n who_o write_v of_o church_n affair_n in_o the_o first_o century_n that_o he_o mention_n the_o exaltation_n of_o the_o british_a church_n under_o nero_n add_v that_o many_o church_n be_v build_v in_o this_o island_n by_o s._n peter_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v of_o on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o cruelty_n of_o nero_n towards_o the_o christian_n drove_n s._n paul_n out_o of_o rome_n even_o as_o far_o westward_o as_o britain_n where_o though_o he_o be_v have_v in_o high_a veneration_n yet_o we_o never_o read_v that_o the_o church_n here_o plant_v be_v call_v the_o seat_n of_o st._n paul_n but_o often_o the_o chair_n of_o st._n peter_n insomuch_o as_o gildas_n inveigh_v against_o some_o of_o the_o british_a clergy_n in_o his_o time_n tell_v they_o they_o usurp_v the_o chair_n of_o st._n peter_n with_o impure_a foot_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o whole_a ecclesiastical_a order_n here_o receive_v their_o original_a priesthood_n by_o a_o right_a succession_n from_o st._n peter_n howbeit_o our_o english_a martyrology_n deserve_o reckon_v st._n paul_n among_o the_o apostle_n of_o britain_n and_o so_o be_v aristobulus_n also_o one_o of_o the_o 70_o disciple_n and_o a_o follower_n of_o st._n paul_n ordain_v a_o bishop_n here_o and_o here_o also_o die_v a_o martyr_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o nero_n or_o at_o least_o a_o confessor_n in_o his_o very_a old_a age_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v some_o time_n in_o solitude_n at_o glastonbury_n the_o common_a retire_v place_n of_o many_o eminent_a saint_n it_o be_v certain_o mean_v by_o st._n paul_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n when_o he_o salute_v the_o household_n of_o aristobulus_n omit_v he_o be_v then_o absent_a in_o this_o country_n or_o in_o his_o journey_n towards_o it_o this_o progress_n have_v the_o gospel_n in_o this_o island_n before_o the_o death_n of_o st._n peter_n or_o st._n paul_n and_o be_v mighty_o advance_v by_o the_o come_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o companion_n about_o the_o end_n of_o nero_n reign_n make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o person_n with_o himself_o one_o of_o which_o twelve_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o son_n of_o his_o own_o name_n the_o come_n and_o preach_v of_o joseph_n and_o his_o companion_n have_v be_v public_o allege_v in_o several_a general_n counsel_n by_o the_o english_a orator_n as_o a_o argument_n of_o precedence_n in_o those_o counsel_n take_v from_o the_o early_a approach_n of_o the_o gospel_n to_o this_o nation_n and_o further_o affirm_v by_o other_o ancient_a record_n and_o especial_o by_o that_o illustrious_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastonbury_n signify_v his_o intention_n to_o rebuild_v that_o monastery_n not_o long_o before_o consume_v by_o fire_n and_o to_o renew_v all_o the_o privilege_n confer_v on_o it_o by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n william_n the_o i._o and_o ii_o and_o by_o more_o ancient_a king_n st._n edgar_n the_o father_n of_o st._n edward_n king_n edmond_n and_o his_o father_n edward_n and_o his_o grandfather_n alfred_n by_o king_n brithwald_n hentwyn_n baldred_n ina_n the_o famous_a king_n arthur_n cantre_v and_o many_o other_o christian_a king_n and_o even_o by_o kenwalla_n a_o pagan_a king_n of_o britain_n and_o further_o affirm_v that_o he_o the_o say_v henry_n the_o ii_o cause_v a_o diligent_a inquisition_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o privilege_n which_o be_v present_v and_o read_v in_o his_o presence_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v and_o renew_v to_o the_o same_o church_n ancient_o style_v the_o mother_n
a_o rock_n as_o provide_v and_o intend_v for_o joseph_n himself_o but_o before_o our_o saint_n will_v bury_v the_o body_n he_o wash_v it_o for_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o blood._n first_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o late_a bloody-sweat_a second_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o cruel_a scourge_v three_o the_o press_v of_o a_o crown_n of_o thorn_n upon_o his_o head._n four_o the_o nail_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n last_o the_o soldier_n spear_n which_o do_v not_o only_a wound_n but_o open_a a_o wide_a passage_n into_o his_o side_n joseph_n also_o wash_v this_o sacred_a body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o embalm_v of_o it_o he_o wash_v it_o say_v grosthead_n with_o a_o intention_n and_o religion_n design_n to_o appropriate_v the_o same_o blood_n to_o his_o own_o devout_a use_n as_o a_o most_o precious_a treasure_n and_o medicine_n for_o his_o soul_n the_o water_n tincture_v with_o the_o blood_n he_o will_v not_o cast_v away_o but_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o clean_a vessel_n and_o the_o pure_a blood_n distil_v from_o the_o wound_n of_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n he_o reserve_v with_o more_o reverence_n but_o above_o all_o with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a devotion_n and_o holy_a fear_n he_o receive_v into_o a_o most_o precious_a vessel_n the_o blood_n mix_v with_o water_n which_o he_o careful_o press_v out_o of_o his_o right_a side_n and_o which_o he_o judge_v to_o issue_n from_o his_o heart_n this_o he_o esteem_v a_o treasure_n invaluable_a to_o be_v reserve_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o discourse_n and_o these_o the_o sentiment_n of_o that_o venerable_a prelate_n upon_o the_o forementioned_a occasion_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o joseph_n account_v this_o blood_n so_o inestimable_a a_o treasure_n shall_v yet_o ordain_v it_o to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o grave_a with_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v he_o do_v he_o may_v be_v think_v to_o do_v it_o least_o in_o such_o a_o time_n when_o paganism_n prevail_v the_o holy_a relic_n may_v be_v profane_v and_o if_o christianity_n ever_o come_v to_o be_v uppermost_a devout_a christian_n may_v know_v whither_o to_o resort_v for_o it_o or_o perhaps_o he_o may_v have_v the_o same_o design_n with_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n who_o careful_o collect_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o after_o they_o be_v rich_o adorn_v command_v they_o shall_v be_v lay_v up_o in_o his_o tomb_n to_o the_o end_n as_o eusebius_n tell_v we_o that_o be_v dead_a he_o may_v be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o prayer_n which_o there_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o apostle_n shall_v be_v offer_v unto_o god._n after_o the_o death_n of_o s._n joseph_n s._n phagan_n succeed_v in_o the_o prefecture_n of_o this_o holy_a place_n and_o continue_v in_o it_o about_o 30_o year_n and_o under_o he_o and_o other_o his_o successor_n who_o enjoy_v the_o possession_n bestow_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o british_a king_n a_o monastical_a conversation_n be_v uphold_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n lucius_n at_o which_o time_n the_o public_a preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n be_v not_o only_o permit_v but_o encourage_v so_o as_o these_o holy_a man_n in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v invite_v and_o by_o charity_n compel_v to_o leave_n god_n for_o god_n to_o forsake_v their_o solitude_n and_o employ_v their_o devotion_n and_o labour_n in_o convert_v and_o save_v the_o soul_n of_o other_o by_o reason_n whereof_o it_o be_v report_v that_o this_o place_n become_v desolate_a howbeit_o not_o long_o after_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n joseph_n stir_v up_o devout_a christian_n to_o visit_v and_o enlarge_v the_o church_n here_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n as_o the_o fountain_n and_o original_a of_o christian_a religion_n in_o this_o island_n a_o little_a before_o the_o death_n of_o st_n joseph_n julius_n agricola_n be_v send_v praetor_n into_o britain_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o vespasian_n and_o be_v entertain_v with_o opposition_n in_o wales_n which_o with_o extraordinary_a diligence_n he_o resist_v and_o make_v his_o victory_n complete_a at_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n from_o whence_o paulinus_n have_v late_o be_v recalled_a by_o the_o dreadful_a rebellion_n of_o the_o forementioned_a unhappy_a queen_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n boadicea_n agricola_n after_o take_v care_n to_o govern_v the_o province_n in_o peace_n to_o restrain_v the_o avarice_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o defend_v the_o native_n from_o injury_n and_o by_o his_o courtesy_n and_o civility_n invite_v they_o to_o delight_v in_o peace_n thereupon_o he_o encourage_v they_o to_o conform_v to_o the_o roman_a fashion_n of_o life_n by_o build_v house_n temple_n and_o market-place_n he_o cause_v their_o child_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o art_n and_o good_a literature_n applaud_v their_o wit_n and_o natural_a endowment_n so_o as_o thereby_o the_o roman_a tongue_n become_v familiar_a to_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_a eloquence_n in_o request_n among_o they_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o praetorship_n he_o march_v northward_o and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o tweed_n and_o the_o summer_n follow_v he_o extend_v his_o conquest_n as_o far_o as_o bodotria_n now_o edinborough_n frith_n eastward_o and_o glotta_n now_o the_o frith_n of_o dunbritton_n westward_n and_o strengthen_v the_o narrow_a space_n between_o they_o with_o fort_n and_o garrison_n so_o as_o the_o only_a enemy_n remain_v unconquered_a be_v the_o caledonian_n britain_n at_o a_o town_n thereabouts_o now_o call_v abercurven_n a_o ancient_a structure_n be_v at_o this_o day_n extant_a all_o of_o square_a stone_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v julius_n hoff_z and_o fancy_n to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o more_o probable_o be_v raise_v by_o this_o julius_n agricola_n as_o a_o monument_n of_o his_o conquest_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o expedition_n he_o pierce_v into_o the_o northwest_o province_n towards_o ireland_n as_o if_o he_o have_v a_o intent_n to_o pass_v over_o thither_o and_o indeed_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v invite_v over_o by_o a_o petty_a prince_n of_o that_o island_n who_o compel_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n thereunto_o make_v some_o address_n unto_o he_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o spend_v in_o a_o march_n from_o edinborough_n northward_o to_o sin_v out_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o country_n the_o roman_n as_o yet_o not_o know_v whether_o britain_n be_v a_o island_n or_o not_o in_o which_o march_n of_o he_o he_o cause_v his_o navy_n to_o keep_v pace_n with_o his_o land-army_n both_o for_o his_o security_n and_o supply_n but_o to_o the_o great_a terror_n of_o the_o poor_a britain_n who_o to_o free_v themselves_o from_o this_o danger_n attempt_v the_o nine_o legion_n separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o common_a army_n yet_o be_v defeat_v but_o after_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o galgacus_n eminent_a both_o for_o nobility_n and_o courage_n resolve_v to_o put_v all_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o assemble_v all_o their_o force_n upon_o the_o mountain_n grampus_n after_o a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a fight_n be_v entire_o defeat_v this_o battle_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o agricola_n government_n for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o 5_o of_o domitian_n reign_n he_o return_v to_o rome_n where_o after_o some_o show_n of_o honour_n he_o become_v the_o object_n of_o that_o tyrant_n envy_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o his_o cruelty_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o agricola_n it_o do_v not_o clear_o appear_v who_o succeed_v some_o say_v cneus_fw-la trebellius_n other_o salustius_n lucullus_n who_o domitian_n put_v to_o death_n because_o he_o frame_v new_o fashion_v lance_n and_o call_v they_o after_o his_o own_o name_n this_o be_v all_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n during_o the_o remainder_n of_o domitian_n reign_n and_o his_o two_o successor_n nerva_n and_o trajan_n little_o more_o be_v write_v concern_v the_o state_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o time_n here_o in_o britain_n save_v only_o that_o the_o church_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 100_o send_v a_o legation_n to_o st._n clement_n bishop_n of_o rome_n desire_v he_o to_o communicate_v unto_o they_o the_o order_n and_o rite_n of_o celebrate_v divine_a service_n and_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o tradition_n that_o st._n clement_n set_v down_o the_o order_n of_o offer_v sacrifice_n institute_v by_o st._n peter_n which_o be_v after_o use_v with_o some_o addition_n throughout_o the_o whole_a western_a church_n in_o trajan_n time_n britain_n be_v divide_v only_o into_o two_o province_n call_v the_o first_o and_o second_o great_a and_o less_o or_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a britain_n the_o former_a contain_v the_o southern_a part_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river-thames_n first_o possess_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o latter_a the_o western_a province_n as_o cornwall_n wales_n etc._n etc._n towards_o the_o
he_o gather_v into_o a_o flock_n the_o remainder_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v convert_v by_o st._n joseph_n of_o arimathaea_n and_o his_o companion_n consirm_v they_o in_o the_o same_o faith._n this_o st._n marcellus_n be_v afterward_o ordain_v bishop_n of_o tongre_n and_o trier_n these_o two_o city_n be_v govern_v at_o that_o time_n by_o one_o bishop_n in_o the_o annal_n of_o which_o church_n we_o read_v that_o lucius_n king_n of_o britain_n be_v make_v a_o christian_a and_o baptise_a by_o this_o marcellus_n a_o teacher_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o trier_n yet_o there_o be_v more_o authentic_a testimony_n demonstrate_v that_o he_o be_v baptise_a by_o fugatius_n and_o damianus_n send_v by_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la this_o holy_a bishop_n marcellus_n be_v the_o first_o britain_n who_o suffer_v martyrdom_n out_o of_o this_o island_n as_o st._n alban_n be_v the_o first_o who_o suffer_v within_o it_o his_o suffering_n be_v in_o a_o great_a persecution_n raise_v by_o marcus_n aurelius_n the_o successor_n of_o antoninus_n together_o with_o marcellus_n there_o come_v from_o rome_n another_o illustrious_a saint_n of_o noble_a birth_n and_o plentiful_a fortune_n which_o yet_o he_o relinquish_v that_o with_o the_o more_o freedom_n he_o may_v preach_v christ_n crucified_a this_o timotheus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o pudens_n a_o roman_a senator_n and_o of_o his_o wife_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o famous_a claudia_n the_o british_a lady_n forspeak_v of_o he_o be_v also_o brother_n of_o novatus_n as_o also_o of_o s._n pudentiana_n and_o praxedes_n who_o memory_n be_v anniversary_o celebrate_v by_o the_o catholic_n church_n his_o come_v hither_o be_v a_o considerable_a proof_n that_o his_o mother_n be_v a_o britain_n it_o may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a office_n that_o pudentiana_n a_o virgin_n with_o her_o sister_n praxede_v the_o daughter_n of_o pudens_n practise_v the_o duty_n of_o christian_a religion_n with_o admirable_a piety_n sell_v her_o patrimony_n and_o distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a the_o money_n thence_o arise_v give_v herself_o whole_o to_o fast_v and_o prayer_n by_o her_o zeal_n and_o endeavour_n her_o whole_a family_n consist_v of_o 96._o person_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o baptise_a by_o pope_n pius_n and_o the_o public_a sacrifice_n be_v forbid_v by_o antoninus_n the_o holy_a pope_n celebrate_v the_o divine_a mystery_n with_o other_o christian_n in_o the_o house_n of_o pudentiana_n who_o afford_v those_o holy_a person_n all_o necessary_a sustenance_n and_o be_v thus_o employ_v in_o such_o office_n of_o piety_n she_o die_v the_o 14_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 161._o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o coemetery_n of_o priscilla_n in_o the_o salarian_a way_n her_o brother_n novatus_n die_v the_o year_n follow_v concern_v who_o death_n there_o be_v a_o letter_n yet_o extant_a from_o pastor_n a_o holy_a priest_n from_o rome_n to_o timotheus_n then_o employ_v in_o his_o apostolic_a office_n in_o britain_n signify_v unto_o he_o that_o the_o venerable_a virgin_n praxedes_o be_v in_o great_a affliction_n for_o the_o death_n of_o her_o sister_n pudentiana_n pope_n pius_n and_o many_o honourable_a christian_n come_v to_o comfort_v she_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n her_o brother_n novatus_n who_o about_o two_o month_n after_o he_o depart_v from_o his_o sister_n praxedes_o fall_v sick_a and_o be_v forthwith_o visit_v by_o the_o holy_a pope_n and_o praxedes_n as_o also_o by_o other_o godly_a person_n to_o his_o great_a comfort_n that_o novatus_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o those_o person_n declare_v his_o will_n and_o bequeath_v all_o his_o estate_n to_o timotheus_n and_o praxedes_n and_o short_o after_o depart_v in_o the_o lord_n and_o by_o this_o letter_n pastor_n desire_v to_o know_v of_o timotheus_n how_o he_o will_v have_v the_o estate_n of_o his_o brother_n novatus_n dispose_v to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o the_o say_v timotheus_n direct_v may_v be_v observe_v therein_o to_o which_o letter_n timotheus_n be_v say_v to_o give_v this_o pious_a answer_n presume_v with_o christian_a charity_n wherein_o after_o a_o salutation_n savour_v of_o the_o holy_a simplicity_n of_o that_o age_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o memory_n and_o intercession_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n the_o prelate_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v and_o all_o saint_n he_o signify_v his_o desire_n that_o what_o ever_o share_n be_v give_v to_o he_o by_o his_o brother_n novatus_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o holy_a sister_n praxedes_o and_o the_o holy_a priest_n pastor_n to_o who_o he_o return_v his_o answer_n which_o be_v after_o show_v to_o pope_n pius_n who_o give_v thanks_o to_o the_o father_n almighty_a and_o after_o at_o the_o request_n of_o praxede_n dedicate_v a_o church_n in_o the_o bath_n of_o novatus_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o bricklayers-street_n where_o the_o holy_a pope_n also_o constitute_v a_o roman_a title_n and_o consecrate_v a_o font_n for_o baptism_n those_o title_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n signify_v by_o cross_n and_o be_v first_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o particular_a parish_n by_o pope_n evaristus_n assign_v to_o the_o cure_n of_o particular_a priest_n the_o bath_n which_o be_v here_o name_v from_o novatus_n have_v elsewhere_o their_o denomination_n from_o timotheus_n and_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o mountain_n call_v viminal_a and_o in_o truth_n the_o christian_n private_o resort_v to_o this_o place_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o their_o divine_a mystery_n before_o any_o church_n be_v solemn_o consecrate_a there_o as_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o act_n of_o justin_n the_o philosopher_n who_o call_v it_o the_o timothean_a bath_n the_o same_o year_n that_o novatus_n die_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n end_v his_o life_n after_o he_o succeed_v marcus_n aurelius_n and_o lucius_n verus_n joint_o govern_v the_o empire_n with_o equal_a authority_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o these_o emperor_n die_v the_o holy_a virgin_n praxedes_o the_o particular_n of_o who_o death_n be_v record_v by_o pastor_n in_o this_o manner_n two_o year_n and_o 18_o day_n after_o this_o church_n be_v dedicate_v there_o be_v a_o great_a persecution_n raise_v against_o christian_n to_o enforce_v they_o to_o worship_n idol_n and_o many_o be_v crown_v with_o martyrdom_n now_o the_o holy_a virgin_n praxedes_o fervent_a in_o the_o holy_a ghost_n secret_o conceal_v many_o good_a christian_n in_o the_o say_a title_n or_o church_n who_o body_n she_o strengthen_v with_o food_n and_o their_o mind_n with_o exhortation_n proceed_v from_o god_n spirit_n insomuch_o as_o notice_n be_v give_v to_o aurelius_n that_o christian_a assembly_n be_v make_v in_o her_o house_n he_o than_o send_v his_o officer_n thither_o who_o lay_v hold_v on_o symitrius_fw-la a_o priest_n and_o 22_o person_n more_o all_o which_o the_o cruel_a emperor_n command_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o the_o same_o title_n without_o any_o 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thyself_o from_o the_o chain_n
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by_o this_o return_n of_o constantius_n the_o poor_a
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he_o the_o rest_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v king_n arthur_n as_o may_v be_v remember_v obtain_v a_o battle_n before_o he_o be_v king_n near_o bath_n at_o the_o mountain_n badonicus_n now_o this_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v another_o defeat_n give_v by_o king_n arthur_n to_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o city_n of_o bath_n be_v in_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n westward_o of_o cerdic_n kingdom_n it_o may_v at_o this_o time_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o britain_n as_o for_o king_n arthur_n invoke_v the_o assistance_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n in_o the_o fight_n it_o be_v a_o devotion_n general_o practise_v by_o the_o church_n in_o this_o age._n for_o two_o year_n before_o there_o have_v be_v assemble_v two_o counsel_n in_o the_o east_n one_o at_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o other_o at_o constantinople_n the_o synod_n at_o jerusalem_n write_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o other_o council_n thus_o we_o beseech_v you_o most_o holy_a bishop_n to_o pray_v with_o we_o to_o our_o lord_n for_o these_o thing_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o god_n priest_n ought_v to_o be_v common_a make_v your_o supplication_n likewise_o with_o we_o to_o the_o most_o holy_a and_o glorious_a virgin_n mary_n mother_n of_o god_n that_o she_o will_v intercede_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n and_o for_o the_o victory_n and_o long_a life_n of_o our_o most_o excellent_a and_o pious_a emperor_n the_o like_a practice_n we_o find_v elsewhere_o of_o which_o many_o example_n may_v be_v give_v the_o next_o year_n king_n arthur_n be_v call_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n to_o assist_v prince_n howel_n who_o three_o year_n before_o be_v come_v out_o of_o little_a britain_n to_o his_o aid_n and_o be_v now_o besiege_a by_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n in_o the_o city_n call_v acluid_a wherein_o he_o lie_v sick._n upon_o king_n arthur_n approach_n the_o enemy_n retire_v to_o a_o place_n call_v mureif_a whither_o he_o pursue_v they_o but_o they_o escape_v by_o night_n flee_v to_o a_o lake_n call_v lumoney_n whereupon_o king_n arthur_n gather_v many_o ship_n together_o encompass_v the_o island_n and_o in_o 15_o day_n bring_v they_o to_o such_o extreme_a famine_n that_o many_o thousand_o of_o they_o perish_v in_o which_o utmost_a danger_n the_o bishop_n of_o that_o region_n come_v barefoot_a to_o the_o king_n with_o tear_n beseech_v he_o to_o take_v pity_n of_o that_o miserable_a people_n and_o to_o give_v they_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o that_o country_n to_o inhabit_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o perpetual_a servitude_n the_o king_n thus_o mollify_v with_o the_o tear_n of_o the_o bishop_n pardon_v his_o enemy_n and_o grant_v their_o request_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o some_o writer_n ground_n the_o subjection_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o britain_n and_o particular_o walsingham_n but_o certain_o better_a ground_n may_v be_v find_v of_o it_o than_o this_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o certain_a pictish_n and_o scotish_n bishop_n be_v supplicant_n to_o this_o king_n for_o their_o distress_a countryman_n it_o have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pict_n where_o the_o city_n of_o acluid_n be_v seat_v have_v many_o year_n before_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n by_o the_o preach_a of_o st._n ninianus_n but_o who_o be_v his_o successor_n be_v hard_o to_o conjecture_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o ireland_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a bishop_n call_v nennion_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flourish_v in_o britain_n about_o the_o year_n 520._o and_o to_o have_v have_v his_o seat_n in_o a_o place_n call_v the_o great_a monastery_n this_o man_n probable_o be_v the_o successor_n of_o st._n ninianus_n and_o that_o great_a monastery_n the_o same_o with_o candida_n casa_n where_o the_o monument_n of_o that_o apostolic_a bishop_n be_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o frequent_a miracle_n wrought_v there_o invite_v great_a
authority_n now_o the_o say_a island_n be_v usual_o govern_v by_o a_o abbot_n who_o be_v a_o priest_n to_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o whole_a province_n and_o even_a bishop_n themselves_o by_o a_o custom_n no_o where_o else_o practise_v aught_o to_o be_v subject_a according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o their_o first_o teacher_n s_o columba_n who_o be_v only_o a_o priest_n and_o monk_n and_o no_o bishop_n of_o who_o life_n and_o say_n many_o strange_a thing_n be_v extant_a compile_v by_o his_o disciple_n but_o what_o manner_n of_o man_n soever_o he_o be_v sure_o we_o be_v he_o leave_v successor_n famous_a for_o their_o great_a continency_n divine_a love_n and_o regular_a institution_n the_o companion_n to_o st._n columba_n be_v say_v to_o be_v twelve_o who_o come_v with_o he_o into_o albion_n eminent_o endue_v with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n and_o adorn_v with_o great_a sanctity_n their_o name_n be_v bathemius_n and_o cominus_fw-la afterward_o superior_n over_o monastery_n and_o no_o mean_a ornament_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n among_o the_o scot_n also_o cibthacus_fw-la and_o ethernau_n nephew_n to_o st._n columba_n and_o priest_n moreover_o domitius_n rutius_fw-la and_o fethuo_fw-la man_n illustrious_a for_o their_o descent_n but_o more_o for_o their_o piety_n last_o scandalaus_fw-la eglodeus_fw-la totaveus_n moteser_n and_o gallan_n these_o man_n after_o travel_v through_o the_o region_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n and_o by_o their_o labour_n in_o teach_v dispute_v and_o write_v imbue_v both_o those_o nation_n with_o virtuous_a manner_n and_o true_a religion_n the_o scotish_n writer_n add_v one_o companion_n more_o to_o st._n columba_n namely_o st._n constantine_n former_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o repent_v his_o crime_n sharp_o reprove_v by_o gildas_n become_v a_o monk_n and_o go_v with_o st._n columba_n into_o scotland_n where_o he_o preach_v the_o faith_n to_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n he_o build_v a_o monastery_n in_o govane_n near_o the_o river_n cluid_n which_o he_o govern_v as_o abbot_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v convert_v to_o the_o faith_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o kentire_n where_o he_o likewise_o die_v a_o martyr_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o his_o monastery_n in_o govan_n the_o king_n who_o bestow_v the_o isle_n of_o hylas_n upon_o st._n columba_n and_o by_o the_o eminence_n of_o his_o piety_n draw_v he_o thither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v st._n comgal_n or_o conval_n king_n of_o dalrieda_n at_o the_o same_o time_n not_o far_o from_o st._n columba_n live_v st._n kentigern_n late_o return_v to_o his_o bishopric_n of_o glasco_n to_o who_o no_o doubt_n st._n columba_n be_v a_o officious_a assistant_n in_o his_o apostolic_a office._n of_o the_o solemn_a meeting_n of_o these_o two_o saint_n with_o their_o disciple_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v that_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a agreement_n between_o these_o two_o saint_n and_o their_o disciple_n be_v no_o doubt_n and_o between_o they_o and_o st._n augustine_n also_o except_o in_o one_o rite_n or_o ceremony_n about_o the_o time_n of_o keep_v easter_n upon_o which_o inconsiderable_a difference_n some_o will_v infer_v that_o the_o british_a church_n receive_v their_o faith_n from_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o not_o from_o rome_n st._n columba_n have_v spend_v more_o than_o 30_o year_n in_o this_o place_n and_o service_n he_o impatient_o beg_v of_o god_n to_o end_v his_o pilgrimage_n after_o his_o prayer_n end_v he_o see_v in_o a_o vision_n certain_a angel_n approach_v to_o he_o to_o conduct_v his_o soul_n to_o heaven_n which_o sight_n be_v so_o joyful_a to_o he_o that_o his_o disciple_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o but_o this_o sight_n be_v soon_o turn_v into_o sorrow_n for_o the_o angel_n tell_v he_o that_o upon_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o pictish_a church_n god_n have_v add_v four_o year_n more_o to_o his_o life_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 597._o the_o same_o year_n st._n angustine_n come_v into_o britain_n this_o holy_a man_n die_v and_o his_o holy_a body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o hylas_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v after_o translate_v or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o ireland_n and_o repose_v in_o the_o church_n of_o dun-patrick_n by_o a_o inscription_n on_o his_o monument_n it_o be_v signify_v that_o in_o that_o one_o tomb_n three_o saint_n st._n patrick_n st._n bridget_n and_o st._n columba_n do_v repose_v hitherto_o the_o saxon_a prince_n have_v employ_v their_o force_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o now_o find_v little_a resistance_n from_o they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o one_o another_o for_o three_o year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o st._n columba_n into_o britain_n ceaulin_n and_o cutha_n move_v a_o civil_a war_n against_o ethelbert_n which_o ethelbert_n the_o rather_o enter_v into_o because_o the_o power_n of_o ceaulin_n so_o much_o increase_v that_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o monarch_n hereupon_o ethelbert_n a_o valiant_a young_a prince_n mindful_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o ancestor_n who_o have_v always_o enjoy_v a_o pre-eminence_n above_o other_o prince_n resolve_v to_o keep_v it_o and_o raise_v a_o army_n march_v with_o it_o into_o the_o province_n of_o the_o regni_n or_o surry_n where_o pass_v unwary_o over_o a_o little_a river_n call_v wandalis_fw-la he_o be_v rude_o repulse_v by_o ceaulin_n but_o endeavour_v again_o to_o march_v forward_o the_o army_n meet_v at_o a_o village_n call_v wibbandun_v now_o wimbledon_n where_o he_o be_v with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n compel_v to_o fly_v back_o into_o kent_n have_v lose_v his_o two_o chief_a captain_n oslaf_n and_o kneban_n where_o this_o battle_n be_v fight_v still_o remain_v as_o a_o monument_n of_o it_o a_o rampire_n raise_v in_o a_o round_a form_n as_o encompass_v a_o camp_n call_v knebensbury_n ethelbert_n after_o his_o loss_n seek_v to_o strengthen_v himself_o by_o a_o friendship_n and_o confederacy_n with_o the_o neighbour_a powerful_a kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n to_o make_v which_o confederacy_n more_o last_a he_o desire_v to_o confirm_v it_o by_o marriage_n which_o he_o effect_v this_o kingdom_n heretofore_o be_v call_v gaul_n but_o afterward_o the_o frank_n a_o german_a nation_n under_o their_o king_n pharamont_n invade_v it_o and_o possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o change_v the_o name_n from_o gaul_n to_o france_n the_o successor_n of_o pharamont_n for_o several_a generation_n be_v pagan_n till_o by_o st._n remigius_n bishop_n of_o rheims_n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 499._o king_n clodoveus_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o with_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o faith_n ever_o after_o continue_a and_o increase_v there_o this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n be_v at_o that_o time_n govern_v by_o four_o king_n son_n of_o clotharius_n a_o daughter_n of_o one_o of_o which_o king_n elthelbert_n marry_v name_v berta_n gregory_n call_v her_o aldiberga_n to_o who_o he_o attribute_n the_o conversion_n of_o the_o the_o saxon_n her_o parent_n not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n deliver_v their_o christian_a daughter_n to_o the_o bed_n of_o a_o pagan_a but_o have_v a_o engagement_n from_o ethelbert_n to_o allow_v she_o and_o her_o family_n a_o entire_a freedom_n in_o religion_n and_o so_o the_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v the_o lady_n be_v accompany_v into_o britain_n by_o a_o prudent_a and_o devout_a bishop_n call_v lethardus_fw-la who_o be_v style_v the_o percursor_n to_o st._n augustine_n and_o one_o who_o open_v the_o door_n to_o christianity_n here_o there_o be_v then_o in_o doroberni_n or_o canterbury_n several_a church_n which_o have_v be_v build_v by_o christian_n many_o age_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v not_o utter_o demolish_v by_o the_o saxon_n among_o which_o the_o queen_n make_v choice_n of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o st._n martin_n and_o stand_v eastward_o of_o the_o city_n the_o author_n of_o life_n of_o this_o bishop_n lethardus_fw-la tell_v we_o what_o devotion_n this_o queen_n perform_v in_o this_o church_n viz._n that_o she_o and_o her_o family_n frequent_v the_o sacrament_n of_o mass_n and_o prayer_n in_o the_o celebrate_v whereof_o the_o bless_a bishop_n lethardus_fw-la be_v president_n or_o chief_a priest_n the_o say_n or_o sing_v of_o mass_n be_v the_o solemn_a devotion_n of_o the_o church_n in_o those_o time_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o orleans_n and_o tours_n celebrate_v in_o these_o very_a time_n insomuch_o as_o st._n columba_n by_o revelation_n know_v the_o death_n of_o st._n brendan_n in_o ireland_n celebrate_v a_o solemn_a mass_n for_o his_o soul._n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 571._o cuthulf_n the_o brother_n of_o king_n ceaulin_n fight_v with_o the_o britain_n at_o bedanford_n now_o bedford_n and_o have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n he_o take_v from_o they_o four_o royal_a city_n linganburgh_n a_o
place_n now_o unknown_a egelsburgh_n now_o ailesburgh_n in_o buckinghamshire_n bensingtun_n or_o benson_n in_o oxfordshire_n and_o also_o egnesham_n now_o unknown_a after_o which_o victory_n cuthulf_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o year_n 575._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n be_v erect_v in_o norfolk_n suffolk_z cambridgeshire_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o king_n be_v offa_n from_o who_o his_o successor_n and_o subject_n be_v call_v vffing_n some_o place_n king_n in_o this_o region_n before_o offa_n time_n if_o such_o be_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v dependant_a and_o upon_o courtesy_n as_o after_o they_o be_v again_o beneficiarii_fw-la sometime_o of_o the_o kentish_a king_n sometime_o of_o the_o mercian_n two_o year_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o offa_n reign_n be_v fight_v a_o battle_n fatal_a to_o the_o britain_n by_o which_o they_o be_v expel_v almost_o out_o of_o all_o the_o fertile_a plain_n of_o this_o island_n and_o drive_v to_o the_o mountain_n of_o wales_n the_o britain_n have_v hitherto_o defend_v themselves_o in_o their_o city_n of_o gloucester_n cirencester_n and_o bath_n but_o this_o year_n ceaulin_n after_o a_o overthrow_n give_v in_o battle_n expugn_v those_o three_o city_n and_o force_v the_o britain_n to_o retire_v into_o mountain_n and_o wood_n this_o battle_n say_v cambden_n be_v fight_v at_o a_o place_n call_v deorham_n after_o which_o the_o city_n of_o bath_n be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o in_o this_o battle_n it_o be_v say_v three_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v slay_v who_o name_n be_v comagil_n candigan_n and_o faringmagil_n so_o that_o ceaulin_n become_v so_o terrible_a to_o the_o britain_n that_o all_o place_n hasten_v to_o render_v themselves_o to_o their_o power_n nevertheless_o the_o britain_n after_o seven_o year_n rest_n again_o attempt_v another_o combat_n with_o the_o saxon_n at_o a_o place_n call_v fedhanlea_n where_o on_o both_o side_n they_o fight_v with_o horrible_a fury_n insomuch_o as_o cuthwin_n the_o son_n of_o ceaulin_n be_v oppress_v with_o multitude_n be_v slay_v but_o ceaulin_n have_v repair_v his_o army_n the_o soldiers_z whereof_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n not_o to_o fly_v at_o last_o in_o battle_n vanquish_v the_o conquer_a britain_n and_o pursue_v they_o too_o many_o province_n and_o innumerable_a spoil_n in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 585._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mercian_n take_v beginning_n under_o their_o first_o king_n croeda_n or_o crida_n though_o its_o foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v soon_o this_o crida_n reckon_v himself_o the_o ten_o in_o descent_n from_o woden_n the_o idol_n deity_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o whereas_o the_o other_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o britain_n this_o crida_n pierce_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o by_o little_a and_o little_o possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o province_n towards_o the_o north_n confine_v with_o the_o river_n humber_n and_o mersey_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o thames_n on_o the_o east_n with_o severn_n and_o deva_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o german_a ocean_n the_o britain_n themselves_o by_o a_o voluntary_a session_n make_v crida_n way_n very_o easy_a to_o his_o new_a erect_a throne_n in_o which_o he_o as_o yet_o sit_v content_v with_o the_o inferior_a title_n of_o governor_n or_o duke_n for_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o disperse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o every_o day_n gain_v more_o strength_n become_v intolerable_o burdensome_a to_o the_o poor_a britain_n and_o be_v infidel_n publish_v law_n extreme_o prejudicial_a to_o christian_a religion_n whereupon_o by_o agreement_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o other_o british_a inhabitant_n hitherto_o mix_v with_o the_o saxon_n they_o resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n and_o to_o retire_v some_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o wales_n some_o into_o cornwall_n other_o to_z little_a britain_n and_o other_o christian_a region_n then_o it_o be_v to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 586._o that_o the_o archprelate_n theonus_n bishop_n of_o london_n and_o thadioc_n or_o theodoc_n of_o york_n see_v all_o their_o church_n level_v with_o the_o ground_n attend_v with_o many_o ecclesiastic_n sle_z into_o wales_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o sacred_a relic_n of_o saint_n lest_o by_o a_o irruption_n of_o the_o barbarous_a saxon_n the_o sacred_a bone_n of_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a saint_n shall_v be_v destroy_v so_o that_o the_o province_n of_o loegria_n and_o northumbria_n be_v utter_o deprive_v of_o christian_a congregation_n upon_o the_o body_n of_o some_o saint_n reverent_o hide_v in_o monument_n great_a heap_n of_o earth_n be_v cast_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o contumelious_a scorn_n of_o insidel_n for_o the_o king_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la and_o saxon_n as_o they_o be_v very_o powerful_a in_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o malicious_a pagan_n thirst_v after_o nothing_o more_o than_o the_o 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and_o almost_o a_o natural_a