languedoc_n 129_o lorraine_n 132_o loretta_n 147_o leghorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 173_o lucca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 175_o limburge_n 178_o liege_n ibid._n luxenburg_n ibid._n louvain_n ibid._n lisle_n 179_o leiden_fw-mi ibid._n lipsick_a and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 197_o luneburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 201_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 205_o lappia_n in_o swethland_n 218_o livonia_n 222_o lituania_n ibid._n larta_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 244_o lepanto_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 245_o lemnos_n 248_o lesbos_n 249_o lipar_v island_n 261_o lemster_n in_o ireland_n 263_o liecestershire_n ibid._n lincolnshire_n ibid._n lancashire_n ibid._n london_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 270_o liberty_n of_o exchange_v 273_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n 277_o lucca_n exchange_n 283_o leccy_a exchange_n 285_o london_n exchange_n 290_o lisbon_n exchange_n 295_o example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n and_o how_o calculate_v 302_o custom_n of_o acception_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n ibid._n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n settle_v in_o lion_n for_o succeed_a fair_n ib._n recounter_n in_o lion_n what_o ibid._n rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o exchange_n make_v in_o lion_n ibid._n rate_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o rate_n of_o interest_n in_o many_o other_o place_n 303_o the_o reason_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n ibid._n example_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o profit_n thereof_o 304_o account_n of_o disaccount_n in_o lion_n in_o many_o other_o place_n 305_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o rome_n 307_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o florence_n 308_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o lucca_n 309_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o naples_n 310_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o palermo_n 311_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o genoa_n 312_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o milan_n 313_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o venice_n 314_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o bolonia_n 315_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o placentia_n 316_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o antwerp_n 317_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o london_n 318_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o francfort_n 319_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o sevil_n 320_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o lisbon_n 321_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o barselona_n 322_o order_n and_o commission_n for_o exchange_n in_o lion_n 323_o the_o fair_n of_o lion_n 324_o exchange_n of_o lisbon_n 426_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o calculate_v 443_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n 444_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n 445_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n 446_o of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n 447_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o exchange_n in_o london_n 448_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n 449_o m._n merchandise_v the_o first_o school_n of_o the_o present_a government_n of_o many_o country_n 1_o the_o use_n of_o map_n and_o sea-card_n in_o general_a ibid._n meridian_n what_o ibid._n meridian_n and_o their_o use_n ibid._n merchandise_v account_v a_o art_n 2_o the_o material_n of_o merchandise_v be_v commodity_n and_o money_n ibid._n the_o duty_n of_o merchant_n ibid._n a_o merchant_n ought_v to_o know_v 1._o the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 2._o of_o all_o intimation_n and_o protest_v 3._o of_o charter-party_n 4._o bill_n of_o lade_n 5._o policy_n of_o assurance_n 6._o of_o bill_n of_o debt_n 7._o of_o a_o release_n 8._o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n 9_o of_o account-keeping_a and_o 10._o arithmetic_n ibid._n the_o merchant_n purse_n and_o person_n supply_v many_o defect_n in_o a_o city_n 3_o magazine_n for_o commodity_n ibid._n met-house_n ibid._n merchant_n must_v learn_v what_o custom_n be_v and_o due_o pay_v they_o 4_o money_n of_o leather_n in_o saint_n dominico_n 5_o money_n of_o shell_n in_o tombuto_n ibid._n money_n of_o iron_n in_o massa_n ibid._n money_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n ibid._n money_n of_o glass_n in_o melinda_n ibid._n money_n of_o salt_n and_o paper_n in_o cathay_n ibid._n money_n of_o gansa_n in_o pegu_n ibid._n money_n of_o almond_n in_o bengala_n ibid._n money_n of_o dead_a man_n scull_n in_o sumatra_n ibid._n money_n of_o pepper_n and_o cocos_fw-la in_o india_n ibid._n money_n call_v by_o three_o several_a name_n ibid._n moneta_n what_o and_o how_o call_v ibid._n the_o merchant_n must_v be_v verse_v in_o all_o weight_n 6_o of_o measure_n in_o general_a 8_o false_a measure_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n ibid._n measure_n of_o solid_a body_n of_o dry_a and_o liquid_a commodity_n ibid._n all_o measure_n to_o the_o merchant_n must_v be_v as_o one_o measure_n ibid._n a_o merchant_n must_v be_v see_v in_o all_o commodity_n and_o in_o all_o trade_n 9_o a_o merchant_n must_v know_v the_o value_n of_o all_o commodity_n ibid._n a_o merchant_n must_v reduce_v the_o knowledge_n of_o commodity_n to_o a_o profitable_a end_n ibid._n merchant_n shall_v know_v how_o to_o preserve_v all_o commodity_n ibid._n merchant_n shall_v know_v how_o to_o better_v their_o commodity_n ibid._n the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n reduce_v to_o profitable_a principle_n 10_o mexicana_n and_o the_o province_n 12_o mexico_n and_o the_o commodity_n ibid._n manoa_n the_o golden_a city_n 13_o margarita_n ibid._n kingdom_n of_o morocco_n 22_o city_n of_o morocco_n with_o the_o trade_n contain_v the_o commodity_n coin_n weight_n measure_n and_o custom_n thereof_o 23_o mosambique_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v coin_n weight_n measure_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o 28_o monomotapa_n 27_o manica_fw-la ibid._n manicongo_n ibid._n merchant_n of_o six_o sort_n in_o cairo_n 31_o madagascar_n otherwise_o saint_n laurence_n 35_o midium_fw-la 46_o medina_n talnabni_n and_o mecha_n 68_o mesopotamia_n and_o the_o city_n 69_o mocha_n and_o the_o trade_n contain_v the_o coin_n weight_n measure_v thereof_o 70_o media_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o ibid._n mallavar_fw-mi chap_n 88_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o coast_n 92_o mandoa_n ibid._n macin_n ibid._n the_o merchant_n that_o in_o general_n be_v find_v to_o traffic_v in_o india_n ibid._n musulapatam_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o cormandil_n with_o the_o coin_n weight_n measure_n of_o that_o place_n and_o coast_n 93_o maccau_n in_o china_n 95_o mallaca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o the_o weight_n measure_n coin_n etc._n etc._n thereof_o 97_o moonsons_n at_o mallaca_n ibid._n maccau_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v the_o commodity_n coin_n weight_n etc._n etc._n thereof_o 99_o macasser_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v weight_n measure_n coin_n etc._n etc._n 107_o malaga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v coin_n custom_n weight_n measure_n 114_o murcia_n ibid._n madrid_n 115_o measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o english_a yard_n of_o london_n 120_o main_n 125_o st._n mallos_n and_o morlais_n in_o britanny_n ibid._n money_n late_o inhanse_v in_o france_n 127_o molin_n ibid._n mart_n of_o lion_n former_o in_o geneva_n 128_o marselia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 131_o modena_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 145_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 165_o mantona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 168_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 172_o mastricht_n 178_o marquisate_n ibid._n middleburge_n 180_o maclin_n ibid._n measure_n of_o the_o netherlands_o reduce_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o london_n ibid._n mentz_n 186_o meclinburge_n 196_o measure_n of_o germany_n reduce_v to_o london_n 208_o measure_n of_o denmark_n to_o london_n 214_o moscovia_n and_o the_o province_n 219_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 220_o massovia_n 222_o moldavia_n 235_o modona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 239_o morea_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ibid._n misene_n in_o morea_n 245_o marathron_n 256_o megara_n ibid._n macedonia_n ibid._n migdonia_n ibid._n mastic_n 248_o mesina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 257_o malta_n island_n ibid._n majorque_fw-la and_o minorque_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 260_o man_n island_n 262_o munster_n in_o ireland_n 263_o meth_n in_o ireland_n ibid._n middlesex_n 269_o mcrionethshire_n ibid._n mountgomeryshire_n ibid._n monmouthshire_n ibid._n merchant_n adventurer_n of_o london_n their_o original_a and_o place_n of_o residence_n 270_o moscovia_n merchant_n of_o london_n their_o original_a ibid._n measure_n use_v in_o england_n 272_o manner_n of_o exchange_v 273_o milan_n exchange_n 280_o mesina_n exchange_n 288_o medina_n del_o campo_n exchange_n 294_o exchange_n practise_v at_o milan_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v 410_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n 411_o of_o milan_n with_o placentia_n 412_o of_o milan_n with_o venice_n 413_o of_o milan_n with_o rome_n 414_o of_o milan_n with_o naples_n 415_o of_o milan_n with_o genoa_n 416_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n 417_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o exchange_n in_o milan_n 418_o exchange_n of_o
into_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n and_o into_o several_a and_o distinct_a part_n and_o denomination_n be_v stamp_v and_o coin_v with_o several_a character_n to_o denote_v thereby_o the_o true_a weight_n and_o value_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o be_v first_o do_v by_o servius_n in_o rome_n of_o brass_n whereon_o be_v imprint_v the_o image_n of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n betoken_v the_o wealth_n and_o riches_n of_o those_o day_n as_o money_n do_v now_o with_o we_o and_o because_o that_o ten_o of_o those_o piece_n be_v then_o call_v a_o denier_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o universal_o all_o such_o money_n be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o latin_n denarii_fw-la this_o be_v then_o the_o original_n of_o money_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v coin_v both_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a have_v occasion_n to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o money_n in_o this_o follow_a treatise_n bargain_v bargain_v this_o first_o sort_n of_o merchandize_v or_o commerce_n then_o as_o i_o say_v before_o term_v barter_v or_o truck_v of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o beget_v consequent_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o money_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o negotiation_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bargain_v for_o all_o merchant_n that_o will_v transport_v commodity_n from_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o another_o to_o effect_v the_o same_o need_v either_o other_o commodity_n wherewith_o to_o barter_n and_o so_o to_o procure_v they_o or_o money_n and_o so_o to_o buy_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o facilitate_v merchandize_v and_o to_o take_v away_o the_o incommodity_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o carriage_n of_o money_n about_o a_o man_n or_o from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o mean_a be_v invent_v to_o have_v the_o same_o in_o what_o country_n a_o man_n please_v without_o trouble_n or_o danger_n of_o the_o transport_n carriage_n or_o rigour_n thereof_o exchange_v exchange_v and_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v best_a perform_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o commutation_n the_o which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o give_n of_o so_o much_o money_n in_o one_o place_n to_o one_o who_o shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v again_o repay_v in_o another_o place_n by_o another_o for_o he_o as_o for_o example_n edward_n have_v here_o in_o london_n one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o desire_v to_o remit_v the_o same_o or_o have_v it_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o joseph_n who_o reside_v in_o venice_n and_o lodowick_n have_v one_o thousand_o pound_n in_o venice_n in_o the_o custody_n and_o hand_n of_o thomas_n which_o he_o will_v get_v receive_v and_o recover_v out_o and_o have_v they_o here_o it_o happen_v that_o edward_n meet_v with_o lodowick_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v and_o pay_v the_o say_v one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o thereupon_o lodowick_n write_v to_o thomas_n that_o he_o pay_v the_o say_v thousand_o pound_n to_o joseph_n and_o thus_o each_o party_n come_v to_o be_v both_o satisfy_v and_o accommodate_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v that_o in_o all_o exchange_n there_o be_v conclude_v two_o payment_n two_o place_n and_o four_o distinct_a person_n as_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o other_o and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o no_o man_n can_v remit_v except_o there_o be_v another_o to_o draw_v nor_o no_o man_n can_v in_o the_o second_o place_n receive_v except_o there_o be_v another_o authorize_v to_o pay_v thereof_o exchange_n draw_v into_o a_o profitable_a art_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n than_o come_v in_o use_n the_o original_n of_o exchange_n purposely_o invent_v to_o accommodate_v trade_n and_o commerce_n the_o which_o at_o first_o be_v practise_v without_o either_o benefit_n or_o loss_n or_o any_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o giver_n or_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n come_v both_o to_o lose_v a_o certain_a space_n in_o time_n ere_o the_o same_o be_v repay_v and_o do_v also_o run_v a_o certrin_n risgo_fw-la in_o the_o payment_n thereof_o which_o the_o receiver_n or_o drawer_n enjoy_v and_o profit_v by_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v reasonable_a that_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v have_v some_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n in_o requital_n and_o satisfaction_n thereof_o which_o afterward_o occasion_v that_o the_o second_o payment_n come_v to_o be_v somewhat_o great_a than_o the_o former_a and_o that_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o there_o shall_v be_v restore_v more_o than_o be_v receive_v the_o endeavour_n of_o this_o gain_n than_o have_v convert_v exchange_n since_o into_o a_o art_n or_o mystery_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o many_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o remit_v and_o deliver_v money_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o have_v the_o same_o return_v with_o benefit_n and_o not_o for_o a_o need_n or_o necessity_n to_o have_v it_o more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o and_o many_o again_o be_v find_v to_o be_v taker_n and_o drawer_n not_o with_o intent_n to_o withdraw_v or_o recover_v their_o money_n from_o another_o person_n or_o place_n but_o to_o serve_v themselves_o and_o their_o occasion_n with_o that_o of_o other_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n pay_v and_o allow_v for_o the_o same_o that_o consideration_n and_o interest_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o covenant_v between_o they_o which_o real_o and_o in_o effect_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o permit_v usury_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o account_v as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a though_o by_o many_o and_o by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a practice_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v with_o many_o solid_a reason_n and_o substantial_a argument_n beside_o which_o it_o be_v considerable_a and_o peradventure_o it_o may_v well_o be_v grant_v that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o that_o there_o be_v by_o this_o art_n and_o mystery_n a_o gain_n and_o profit_n make_v thereof_o very_o few_o exchange_n will_v present_v because_o that_o draught_n and_o remittance_n will_v in_o this_o nature_n but_o seldom_o happen_v that_o will_v or_o may_v any_o way_n be_v available_a to_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o less_o benefit_n will_v consequent_o redound_v to_o the_o public_a and_o universal_a commerce_n of_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o intention_n of_o particular_a exchange_n be_v not_o always_o find_v good_a herein_o yet_o the_o general_a good_a effect_n which_o it_o produce_v and_o that_o proceed_v therefrom_o be_v in_o it_o self_n and_o in_o the_o true_a use_n and_o custom_n thereof_o both_o approve_v and_o laudable_a barter_v thing_n considerable_a in_o barter_v now_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v barter_v many_o thing_n do_v happen_v considerable_a and_o necessary_a in_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v the_o first_o be_v the_o knowledge_n as_o well_o in_o the_o commodity_n thus_o to_o be_v deliver_v as_o in_o the_o commodity_n so_o to_o be_v receive_v next_o a_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o value_n and_o present_a request_n and_o estimation_n of_o both_o then_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n whether_o it_o be_v last_v and_o durable_a or_o impair_n or_o perishable_a and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o natural_a and_o grow_a or_o artificial_a and_o make_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quantity_n whether_o plentiful_a in_o abundance_n or_o scarce_o and_o in_o few_o hand_n bargain_v thing_n considerable_a in_o bargain_v in_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v bargain_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v likewise_o beside_o the_o abovementioned_a these_o particular_n to_o be_v well_o know_v and_o consider_v first_o a_o knowledge_n how_o the_o commodity_n be_v either_o buy_v or_o sell_v as_o either_o by_o weight_n as_o be_v ponderous_a commodity_n or_o as_o by_o concave_a or_o long_a measure_n as_o be_v commodity_n of_o length_n or_o commodity_n solid_a or_o liquid_a the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n perfect_o to_o be_v know_v and_o real_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o then_o the_o fineness_n goodness_n and_o current_a valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v and_o perfect_o and_o right_o to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o be_v distinguish_v that_o the_o bargain_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v make_v the_o more_o just_o equal_o and_o conscionable_o between_o both_o party_n and_o for_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
in_o francfort_n multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n 800_o by_o crow_n 110½_n per_fw-la cent_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o come_v to_o 884_o crown_n of_o quarentines_n 93_o the_o which_o to_o make_v florin_n must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 93_o quarentines_n and_o they_o be_v 82212_o quarentines_n from_o which_o cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v â…™_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o then_o do_v make_v florin_n 1370_o and_o the_o ten_o remain_v with_o the_o 2_o quarentines_n which_o be_v the_o figure_n cut_v off_o and_o it_o make_v 12_o from_o which_o take_v â…“_n to_o make_v they_o sols_n by_o reason_n that_o 3_o quarentines_n make_v one_o sol_n and_o they_o be_v florin_n 1370_o and_o sol_n 4_o which_o be_v the_o credit_n that_o must_v be_v render_v in_o francfort_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n hereof_o appear_v when_o francfort_n exchange_v for_o placentia_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v à _fw-la dritura_fw-la from_o placentia_n chap._n cccxcviii_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o placentia_n placentia_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o placentia_n according_a to_o my_o method_n propose_v i_o will_v here_o add_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o this_o place_n of_o placentia_n wherein_o i_o will_v somewhat_o enlarge_v myself_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n at_o this_o day_n practise_v in_o the_o world_n example_n 1._o example_n to_o placentia_n then_o be_v order_n give_v to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o duc._n 134_o or_o to_o florence_n at_o crown_n 110½_n where_o the_o benefit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v most_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o find_v to_o remit_v to_o one_o of_o the_o say_v two_o place_n with_o benefit_n of_o the_o limit_a price_n the_o remittance_n be_v make_v thither_o where_o most_o will_v be_v give_v and_o if_o the_o remittance_n be_v find_v to_o be_v make_v with_o loss_n to_o that_o which_o will_v give_v the_o least_o for_o florence_n then_o there_o be_v find_v at_o crow_n 111â…–_n and_o for_o venice_n at_o duc._n 135_o i_o demand_v whither_o ought_v the_o remittance_n to_o be_v make_v for_o to_o both_o the_o remittance_n be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o profit_n and_o to_o know_v where_o the_o great_a gain_n will_v be_v i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 134_o give_v 110½_n the_o inordered_a price_n what_o will_v 135_o duc._n give_v the_o price_n find_v it_o will_v make_v crow_n 111â…“_n or_o circa_fw-la so_o that_o there_o be_v more_o profit_n to_o make_v the_o remittance_n to_o florence_n because_o that_o remit_v at_o duc._n 135_o to_o make_v the_o par_fw-fr the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 111â…“_n and_o the_o partido_n find_v be_v 111â…–_n crow_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n see_v example_n again_o at_o placentia_n there_o be_v order_n receive_v to_o remit_v to_o antwerp_n at_o gross_v 123_o or_o to_o barselona_n at_o sol_n ½_n where_o the_o most_o advantage_n shall_v be_v find_v there_o be_v find_v a_o parcel_n for_o antwerp_n at_o gross_a 120â…”_n and_o for_o barselona_n at_o sol_n 24_o i_o will_v know_v to_o which_o must_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o in_o both_o place_n there_o be_v loss_n give_v upon_o the_o price_n that_o be_v inorder_v and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 24½_n give_v gross_v 123_o the_o price_n â—…ordered_v what_o will_v 24_o sol_n give_v the_o price_n that_o be_v find_v and_o it_o make_v gross_v 120½_n so_o that_o the_o remittance_n must_v be_v make_v for_o antwerp_n by_o reason_n that_o remit_v to_o barselona_n at_o sols_n 24_o to_o make_v the_o par_fw-fr the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o antwerp_n at_o gross_a 120½_n and_o it_o be_v find_v at_o 120_o â—_o 3_o chap._n cccxcix_o question_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n placentia_n question_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n at_o florence_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o the_o fair_a posito_fw-la at_o crow_n 109½_n and_o for_o venice_n at_o crow_n 81½_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n placentia_n do_v hereby_o exchange_v for_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 81½_n cro._n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n give_v at_o venice_n 100_o duc._n of_o liver_n 6â…•_n how_o many_o will_v 109½_n crow_n give_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 134½_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o venice_n where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n evident_a that_o exchange_n be_v here_o make_v at_o great_a or_o lesser_a price_n according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n to_o be_v find_v and_o the_o rate_v uncertain_a these_o rule_n only_o serve_v for_o instruction_n to_o make_v up_o the_o account_n thereof_o venetia_n question_v for_o venetia_n again_o at_o naples_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o duc._n 136½_n and_o for_o venice_n at_o duc._n 101½_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o venice_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 101½_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o venice_n duc._n 100_o at_o l._n 6â…•_n how_o many_o will_v 136½_n duc._n give_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o make_v duc._n 134_o 11_o 24_o and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o venice_n as_o by_o example_n naples_n question_v for_o naples_n again_o at_o venice_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a at_o duc._n 133â…”_n and_o for_o naples_n at_o duc._n 102â…”_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a party_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o naples_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v duc._n 133â…”_n which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n by_o duc._n 102â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o say_v duc._n 102â…”_n be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o duc._n of_o venice_n and_o thus_o wrought_v it_o will_v make_v duc._n 137â…•_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o naples_n rome_n question_v for_o rome_n again_o at_o naples_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a at_o duc._n 136â—_n and_o for_o rome_n at_o duc._n 137_o i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o rome_n i_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 137_o of_o naples_n give_v at_o rome_n crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n how_o many_o will_n duc._n 136½_n give_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n and_o thus_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 99â…_n or_o circa_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o rome_n florence_n question_v for_o florence_n again_o at_o rome_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o crow_n 99_o and_o for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 90._o i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o florence_n i_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 90._o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n give_v in_o florence_n crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n what_o will_v crow_n 99_o of_o estampe_n the_o value_n of_o crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n give_v it_o will_v be_v crow_n 100_o and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o florence_n milan_n question_v for_o milan_n again_o at_o rome_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o crow_n 99_o and_o for_o milan_n at_o crow_n 86_o i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o milan_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o cro._n 86_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n give_v at_o milan_n cro._n 100_o of_o l._n 5._o 17._o 0._o what_o will_v crown_n 99_o the_o price_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n give_v it_o will_v be_v crow_n 115._o 2_o 3._o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o sol._n 117_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n off_o its_o product_n to_o reduce_v the_o exchange_n to_o the_o value_n of_o
denier_n per_fw-la l._n be_v only_o pay_v and_o no_o more_o their_o payment_n in_o custom_n and_o all_o other_o way_n be_v in_o valentia_n money_n and_o worth_a 3_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o spanish_a rial_n there_o be_v also_o a_o duty_n call_v a_o mottahecos_n which_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n on_o each_o quintar_n and_o so_o upon_o other_o fine_a good_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o remember_v needful_a in_o this_o argument_n and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o province_n which_o be_v catalonia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v far_o in_o the_o 291_o and_o 426_o chapter_n catalonia_n catalonia_n in_o catalonia_n be_v only_o famous_a the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n where_o have_v good_a cause_n of_o the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o be_v here_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o imprisonment_n in_o the_o inquisition_n anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o must_v according_a to_o my_o method_n afford_v the_o city_n traffic_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o observation_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o love_n and_o pain_n in_o my_o release_n move_v thereto_o partly_o by_o the_o affection_n i_o have_v gain_v with_o many_o the_o chief_a merchant_n but_o especial_o leave_v the_o same_o may_v deter_v other_o english_a from_o come_v to_o traffic_v and_o inhabit_v among_o they_o and_o furnish_v their_o necessity_n with_o english_a commodity_n which_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o desire_v and_o oftentime_n much_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o chap._n cxix_o of_o barcelona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o barcelona_n barcelona_n barcelona_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n and_o enter_v into_o that_o gulf_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a to_o navigator_n in_o these_o part_n call_v the_o gulf_n of_o lion_n it_o have_v a_o reasonable_a commodious_a and_o safe_a harbour_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v winterly_a enlarge_v and_o lengthen_v the_o same_o by_o add_v to_o their_o mould_n that_o ship_n of_o burden_n may_v come_v within_o the_o same_o what_o i_o obser_v here_o anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v barcelona_n coin_n in_o barcelona_n their_o money_n current_n in_o merchandise_n beside_o the_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v a_o liver_n which_o passeâ—_n here_o at_o 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 24_o sell_v of_o the_o say_a money_n and_o the_o soldo_fw-it be_v twelve_o denier_n of_o that_o money_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n barcelona_n weight_n in_o barcelona_n their_o cantar_n be_v a_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 92_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o and_o have_v make_v by_o observation_n in_o florence_n 123_o l._n genoa_n 130_o l._n valentia_n 106_o l._n marselia_n 104_o l._n venetia_n soot_n 140_o l._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o can_v consist_v of_o eight_o palm_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v thâ—…_n brace_n in_o florence_n and_o in_o england_n find_v to_o produce_v 1â…œ_n yard_n english_a and_o in_o naples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v to_o make_v 6â…œ_n palm_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o quarter_n one_o salmo_n be_v four_o quarter_n sell_v always_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o custom_n 2â…“_n quarter_n make_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v account_v 360_o l._n as_o be_v that_o 〈◊〉_d mention_v aforego_v in_o valentia_n wool_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rove_n which_o be_v 30_o l._n make_v 26_o l._n of_o venetia_n gross_a whither_o the_o same_o be_v common_o transport_v and_o in_o florence_n 36_o l._n all_o gross_a good_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n account_v 3_o kintars_n which_o be_v 440_o l._n sutle_n of_o venâ—…_n and_o 278_o l._n gross_a there_o which_o be_v 372_o l._n in_o florence_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v english_a 3000â—_n averdupois_n tortosa_n tortosa_n in_o this_o province_n lie_v also_o tortosa_n a_o fine_a small_a city_n but_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n â—…ing_v account_v as_o moor_n be_v some_o year_n before_o my_o be_v here_o banish_v this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o most_o place_n lie_v waste_n and_o many_o village_n be_v here_o along_o find_v without_o inhabitâ—…_n and_o the_o ground_n to_o want_v labourer_n arragon_n arragon_n the_o next_o province_n be_v arragon_n wherein_o be_v tarragon_n a_o fine_a and_o handsome_a city_n but_o 〈◊〉_d the_o banishment_n of_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o above_o be_v say_v now_o make_v poor_a in_o my_o 〈◊〉_d there_o in_o 1618._o i_o find_v it_o most_o to_o consist_v in_o make_v of_o silk_n here_o buy_v and_o carry_v to_o irlentia_n to_o be_v wrought_v saragosa_n saragosa_n the_o principal_a city_n hereof_o be_v saragosa_n which_o shall_v challenge_v a_o 〈◊〉_d particular_a relation_n as_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n 〈◊〉_d ebro_n but_o be_v a_o university_n it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o inland_n town_n to_o prodâ—_n famous_a scholar_n and_o eminent_a merchant_n yet_o in_o the_o current_a coin_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v as_o 〈◊〉_d vâ—dentia_n and_o because_o there_o be_v find_v practise_v here_o a_o great_a exchange_n i_o have_v insert_v 〈◊〉_d same_o by_o itself_o chapter_n 292_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n with_o all_o circumstance_n thereunto_o appertain_v and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v at_o this_o day_n comprise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n chap._n cxx_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o english_a hundred_o england_n weight_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o england_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n thus_o survey_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unworthy_a our_o observation_n first_o to_o see_v how_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o lesser_a city_n here_o omit_v concur_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o england_n and_o then_o take_v a_o general_a view_n of_o the_o trade_n which_o be_v in_o general_n find_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o those_o kingdom_n now_o unite_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o castilia_n first_o then_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n i_o will_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o subtle_a 100_o l._n of_o london_n which_o by_o observation_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o sevil_n 108_o l._n by_o great_a quintar_n of_o 144_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 28_o l._n by_o lesser_a quintar_n of_o 120_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n granado_n and_o almeria_n bona_fw-la 104_o l._n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 89_o l._n be_v of_o silk_n and_o copper_n of_o 18_o ounce_n 52_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o flesh_n 32_o ounce_n castilia_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 98_o l._n burgos_n 89_o rot._n arragon_n and_o barcelona_n 102_o l._n 92_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o woollen_a 126_o l._n small_a weight_n for_o saffron_n valentia_n 102_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n for_o spice_n 129_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n the_o cargo_n be_v those_o quintar_n of_o 360_o l._n and_o the_o great_a of_o 432_o l._n london_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n leon_n 105_o l._n saragosâ—…_n 108_o l._n and_o by_o the_o small_a quintar_n 126_o l._n savalonâ—…_n and_o salanico_fw-la 126_o l._n viliaco_n 77_o l._n note_v here_o that_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n and_o all_o the_o island_n of_o spain_n use_v the_o weight_n of_o sevil_n as_o aforesaid_a now_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n 100_o l._n london_n make_v in_o portugal_n rot._n 104_o l._n the_o great_a quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n the_o small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n contain_v each_o 4_o rove_n of_o 32_o l._n and_o 28_o l._n note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v allowance_n make_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o sugar_n and_o two_o and_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n upon_o cotton_n wool_n and_o such_o like_a the_o small_a quintar_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o contractation-house_n of_o the_o indies_n all_o spice_n be_v weigh_v thereby_o but_o all_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o great_a quintal_n and_o reduce_v upon_o the_o lesser_a quintar_n one_o quintar_n of_o wax_n be_v one_o quintar_n and_o half_a of_o 112_o l._n be_v 168_o l._n madera_n 104_o rotolos_n cape_n verd._n 104_o rot._n saint_n thomas_n 104_o rot._n guinea_n 104_o rot._n marocâ—…_n in_o barbary_n 104_o rot._n or_o pound_n by_o the_o quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n fea_z and_o suus_fw-la in_o barbary_n 92_o l._n calicut_n 77_o aracoles_n note_v here_o they_o sell_v by_o the_o baccar_fw-la or_o bahar_n be_v at_o lisbon_n four_o quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o bahar_n be_v 4_o quintar_n for_o 120_o aracoles_n the_o bahar_n or_o bahor_n be_v 20_o faracoles_n of_o
etc._n etc._n which_o the_o english_a fetch_n from_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o late_a year_n observe_v that_o the_o planter_n of_o these_o fruit_n and_o their_o wine_n merchant_n have_v by_o our_o overgreedy_a purchase_n of_o these_o commodity_n raise_v to_o themselves_o fair_a estate_n two_o thing_n i_o observe_v during_o my_o abode_n here_o that_o be_v great_a let_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o one_o be_v the_o banishment_n of_o the_o moor_n that_o here_o in_o great_a number_n inhabit_a who_o painful_o and_o industrious_o manure_v their_o land_n and_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o thrifty_a live_n raise_v to_o their_o landlord_n and_o to_o themselves_o good_a and_o great_a estate_n the_o which_o now_o for_o many_o thousand_o thousand_o acre_n lie_v waste_v and_o desolate_a whole_a town_n and_o village_n be_v depopulate_v and_o the_o lord_n castle_n and_o manor_n appear_v ruin_v and_o decay_a want_v the_o pain_n of_o these_o poor_a people_n that_o give_v their_o lord_n and_o lordship_n mean_n of_o subsistency_n the_o second_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o many_o genoa_n merchant_n among_o they_o who_o be_v find_v in_o good_a number_n to_o abide_v in_o every_o good_a city_n especial_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n who_o skill_n and_o acuteness_n in_o trade_n far_o surpass_v the_o natural_a spaniard_n or_o portugal_n and_o who_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o continual_a practice_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o devour_v that_o bread_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v otherwise_o be_v sufficient_o say_v with_o and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v ever_o engage_v to_o their_o commonwealth_n for_o great_a and_o vast_a sum_n at_o interest_n he_o be_v their_o debtor_n not_o only_o for_o their_o money_n but_o a_o so_o for_o their_o favour_n which_o by_o many_o immunity_n throughout_o his_o kingdom_n he_o be_v find_v continual_o to_o requite_v they_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o genoa_n merchant_n resident_a in_o spain_n in_o any_o part_n but_o have_v a_o particular_a licence_n to_o export_v the_o rial_n and_o plate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a_o certain_a round_a sum_n yearly_o which_o they_o seldom_o use_v real_o to_o do_v but_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v their_o return_n in_o plate_n for_o want_v of_o other_o more_o beneficial_a commodity_n which_o for_o the_o certain_a profit_n it_o be_v find_v ever_o to_o yield_v in_o other_o country_n be_v often_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o hindrance_n i_o may_v add_v hereto_o which_o be_v though_o current_a coin_n wherein_o all_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o buy_v for_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n base_a and_o of_o copper_n and_o brass_n which_o to_o convert_v into_o rial_n and_o good_a money_n be_v find_v to_o cost_v the_o change_n in_o some_o place_n 5_o in_o some_o 10_o in_o some_o 15_o in_o some_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v the_o first_o penny_n the_o great_a custom_n also_o pay_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o a_o great_a let_v and_o hinderer_n of_o trade_n in_o general_a which_o wherefoever_o the_o same_o be_v by_o the_o sovereign_n levy_v will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o insensible_o devour_v and_o consume_v a_o flourish_a traffic_n and_o enforce_v the_o suffer_a merchant_n either_o total_o to_o give_v over_o or_o bend_v his_o trade_n where_o he_o shall_v find_v the_o burden_n thereof_o light_a and_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v bear_v and_o endure_v now_o as_o for_o commodity_n which_o other_o nation_n be_v find_v to_o bring_v unto_o they_o and_o of_o which_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n partly_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n and_o partly_o to_o maintain_v their_o west-india_n traffic_n as_o this_o england_n bring_v they_o great_a store_n of_o newlandish_a fish_n irish_a salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n bays_n say_v serge_n and_o other_o english_a manufacture_n and_o in_o return_n have_v only_o thence_o wine_n fruit_n oil_n some_o indigo_n and_o sugar_n ginger_n and_o the_o like_a india_n commodity_n east_n country_n furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n cordage_n mast_n pitch_n tar_n rosin_n fir-board_n and_o other_o timber_n and_o only_o return_v thence_o the_o commodity_n abovenamed_a only_o it_o be_v ever_o lawful_a to_o he_o that_o bring_v corn_n to_o carry_v out_o rial_n of_o plate_n in_o return_n thereof_o france_n send_v they_o corn_n linen_n paper_n and_o some_o petty_a manufacture_n and_o return_v thence_o plate_n wine_n fruit_n and_o some_o india_n spice_n italy_n afford_v they_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v in_o return_v some_o raw_a silk_n segovia_n wool_n barillia_fw-la and_o such_o like_a and_o herein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o general_a traffic_n of_o spain_n at_o this_o time_n so_o pass_v the_o pyrenaean_n i_o will_v enter_v into_o france_n chap._n cxxii_o of_o france_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o france_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o france_n be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o it_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o help_n of_o other_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o british_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o aquitain_n sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n east_n with_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o a_o imaginary_a line_n draw_v from_o strasburg_n to_o callais_n france_n commodity_n of_o france_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n to_o her_o neighbour_n three_o natural_a notable_a commodity_n corn_n wine_n and_o salt_n the_o farm_n of_o salt_n only_o yearly_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n coffin_n 100000_o crown_n beside_o which_o it_o yield_v oil_n almond_n soap_n canvas_n coral_n paper_n wool_n linen_n fine_a and_o course_n nut_n beef_n and_o of_o late_a some_o stuff_n and_o cloth_n make_v of_o woollen_a etc._n etc._n there_o be_v reckon_v in_o this_o kingdom_n 25_o province_n the_o notable_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v therein_o i_o shall_v orderly_o handle_v aquitania_n aquitania_n the_o first_o province_n be_v aquitain_n wherein_o be_v sound_v the_o note_a city_n of_o tholousa_n bourdeaâ—…_n and_o rochel_n of_o which_o a_o word_n in_o brief_a chap._n cxxiii_o of_o tholousa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o tholausa_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o tholousa_n be_v the_o parliament_n seat_n of_o aquitain_n and_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n gurâ—…_n which_o hence_o run_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o bordeaux_n and_o blay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o pastil_n or_o woad_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v into_o several_a country_n the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d afford_v any_o other_o notable_a commodity_n worth_n mention_v account_n coin_n and_o account_n their_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o throughout_o all_o france_n which_o in_o part_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v handle_v their_o account_n also_o here_o keep_v be_v as_o through_o all_o france_n in_o general_n in_o liver_n or_o frank_n soul_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o soul_n 20_o soul_n to_o a_o live_v or_o frank._n tholousa_n weight_n of_o tholousa_n the_o 100_o l._n or_o kintar_n of_o tholousa_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o woad_n for_o dyer_n to_z make_v in_o england_n 124_o l._n and_o the_o cargo_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v common_o sell_v to_o be_v 372_o l._n tholousa_n measure_n of_o tholousa_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n be_v call_v the_o aulin_n and_o make_v in_o england_n 42_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n tholousa_n woad_n of_o tholousa_n note_v that_o in_o tholousa_n there_o be_v a_o cantar_n also_o of_o 112_o l._n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o all_o other_o commodity_n woad_n except_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n as_o above_o be_v mention_v and_o be_v hence_o send_v to_o narbon_n and_o thence_o disperse_v into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n chap._n cxxiv_o of_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o burdeaux_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n geronde_v before_o mention_v plentiful_o abound_v in_o those_o wine_n which_o be_v white_a and_o claret_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n here_o be_v also_o near_o this_o city_n the_o little_a village_n of_o le_fw-fr greve_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o grave_a wine_n which_o we_o esteem_v so_o excellent_a and_o between_o this_o town_n and_o tholousa_n lie_v those_o rich_a ground_n which_o yield_v those_o sweet_a wine_n by_o we_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o high_a country_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bordeaux_n know_v
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
respect_n of_o their_o great_a prerogative_n as_o in_o coin_v of_o money_n and_o know_v no_o lord_n but_o rule_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n for_o which_o they_o acknowledge_v and_o pay_v a_o contribution_n yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n who_o they_o account_v their_o protector_n and_o these_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 60_o in_o number_n principality_n principality_n the_o three_o be_v such_o as_o be_v hold_v by_o inheritance_n by_o some_o prince_n as_o be_v heidelberg_n vienna_n and_o other_o of_o which_o be_v account_v in_o this_o empire_n incirca_fw-la and_o may_v be_v call_v principality_n there_o be_v also_o find_v in_o this_o empire_n conduce_v to_o traffic_n beside_o the_o lesser_a four_o great_a navigable_a river_n that_o enrich_v these_o hans-town_n imperial_o and_o principality_n communicate_v the_o commodity_n of_o one_o city_n to_o another_o and_o at_o last_o to_o the_o seaport_n where_o the_o same_o be_v last_o of_o all_o vend_v into_o foreign_a kingdom_n danubius_n danubius_n the_o prime_n whereof_o be_v danubius_n which_o in_o run_v 1500_o miles_n do_v receive_v above_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a or_o black-sea_n rhyne_n rhyne_n the_o second_o be_v the_o rind_n run_v 800_o mile_n through_o germany_n and_o belgia_n disgorge_v iâ—_n self_n into_o the_o german_a ocean_n albis_n albis_n take_v in_o albis_n which_o be_v account_v navigable_a for_o 400_o mile_n and_o some_o other_o and_o be_v the_o three_o river_n of_o this_o country_n adera_n adera_n the_o four_o be_v odera_fw-la run_v 300_o mile_n in_o length_n issue_v out_o in_o the_o baltick-sea_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v many_o other_o of_o note_n as_o weser_n emse_n and_o other_o in_o themselves_o find_v to_o be_v great_a river_n enrich_v divers_a part_n of_o this_o country_n though_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a east-frisland_n east-frisland_n last_o this_o empire_n be_v find_v to_o contain_v 20_o large_a province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o little_a insight_n therein_o i_o will_v cursory_o pass_v over_o and_o refer_v the_o same_o wherein_o i_o be_o defective_a to_o the_o better_a learned_a east-frisland_n be_v account_v the_o first_o province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o oldenberg_n ammerdam_n and_o last_o emden_n which_o for_o its_o former_a eminency_n in_o trade_n i_o can_v so_o slight_o pass_v over_o without_o a_o word_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n clxxxiii_o of_o emden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o emden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o emden_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v of_o far_o great_a trade_n than_o now_o it_o be_v it_o be_v for_o some_o year_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n about_o religion_n raise_v between_o the_o citizen_n and_o their_o count_n be_v in_o part_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n lie_v in_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o only_o divide_v by_o the_o river_n emse_n from_o the_o netherlands_n and_o by_o a_o inland_a sea_n from_o west-frisland_n be_v one_o of_o those_o province_n in_o summer_n it_o be_v find_v a_o pleasant_a city_n but_o in_o winter_n as_o if_o drown_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o field_n cover_v with_o water_n make_v it_o to_o appear_v as_o a_o island_n in_o the_o water_n as_o for_o the_o money_n current_n and_o form_n of_o account_n keep_v here_o by_o merchant_n i_o omit_v that_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o account_n of_o germany_n in_o general_a but_o note_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n be_v these_o emden_n weight_n of_o emden_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o emden_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o the_o quintal_n or_o 100_o l._n make_v in_o london_n emden_n measure_v of_o emden_n their_o common_a measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o ell_n wherewith_o they_o measure_v linen_n woollen_a and_o silk_n in_o general_a the_o 100_o whereof_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o london_n 48½_n ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n to_o have_v make_v there_o about_o 162_o or_o 163_o ells._n corn_n be_v here_o measure_v by_o the_o werp_n 55_o werps_n make_v 10_o quarter_n of_o london_n or_o a_o last_o of_o amsterdam_n but_o 61_o werps_n be_v here_o a_o last_o consist_v of_o 4_o werps_n great_a of_o 15½_n barrel_n the_o werp_n westphalia_n westphalia_n westphalia_n be_v next_o contain_v in_o itself_o a_o large_a tract_n and_o produce_v those_o acorn_n in_o abundance_n which_o feed_v their_o swine_n and_o which_o afford_v those_o gammon_n which_o be_v account_v so_o excellent_a a_o dish_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v bremen_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o breme_n as_o the_o principal_a then_o clappenburgh_n exenburgh_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o collonia_n wherein_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o three_o wise_a man_n which_o come_v from_o the_o east_n to_o worship_v our_o saviour_n and_o this_o belong_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o collen_n here_o be_v also_o warendorp_n and_o some_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n and_o boport_n enger_n coblent_n and_o trier_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o trier_n of_o the_o principal_a of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxxiv_o of_o breme_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o breme_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o breme_n be_v one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n so_o call_v for_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o traffic_n here_o practise_v strong_o fortify_v five_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n the_o river_n visurge_v serve_v to_o convey_v all_o commodity_n hither_o as_o run_v through_o the_o city_n ossenbridge_n ossenbridge_n near_o which_o lie_v that_o small_a but_o well_o know_v town_n of_o ossenbridge_n note_v for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o narrow_a linen_n cloth_n that_o be_v hence_o convey_v to_o england_n and_o other_o country_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o this_o city_n the_o custom_n be_v first_o raise_v in_o swear_v and_o enhance_a new_a comer_n by_o bread_n and_o salt_n and_o of_o infranchise_v they_o into_o their_o city_n by_o pay_v a_o certain_a mulct_n or_o fine_a in_o good_a liquor_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o company_n which_o be_v now_o a_o general_a receive_v custom_n in_o all_o the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n and_o become_v part_n of_o the_o traffic_n thereof_o breme_n weight_n of_o breme_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o breme_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o ounce_n the_o 100_o l._n whereof_o have_v render_v in_o london_n pound_n breme_n measure_n of_o breme_n the_o common_a measure_n for_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o ell_n above_o mention_v in_o emden_n but_o in_o ossenbridge_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o 100_o yard_n london_n make_v 84_o ell_n there_o incirea_v and_o the_o 100_o ell_n of_o london_n be_v here_o in_o ossenbridge_n about_o 105_o ells._n chap._n clxxxv_o of_o collen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o collen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o collen_n common_o for_o distinction_n call_v in_o latin_a colonia_n agrippina_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a city_n whereto_o be_v find_v great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n near_o to_o this_o city_n do_v caesar_n with_o incredible_a expedition_n make_v a_o bridge_n over_o the_o river_n rhyne_n near_o which_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a situate_a which_o more_o terrify_v the_o barbarous_a enemy_n than_o the_o report_n of_o his_o valour_n the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o second_o especial_a elector_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o chancellor_n of_o italy_n here_o '_o we_o say_v be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o three_o wiseman_n which_o come_v from_o the_o east_n to_o worship_v our_o saviour_n vulgar_o call_v the_o three_o king_n of_o collen_n who_o body_n be_v translate_v by_o helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n unto_o constantinople_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o eustorfius_n bishop_n of_o milan_n transport_v to_o milan_n final_o bring_v hither_o by_o rinoldus_n bishop_n of_o this_o place_n collen_n weight_n of_o collen_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o collen_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o the_o 100_o l._n whereof_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 110_o l._n collen_n measure_n of_o collen_n the_o common_a measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n here_o in_o use_n the_o 100_o ell_n whereof_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o london_n 60_o ells._n collen_n exchange_n of_o collen_n here_o be_v great_a exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o city_n as_o proper_a and_o fit_a thereunto_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o rich_a banker_n and_o merchant_n that_o be_v find_v here_o to_o reside_v the_o which_o i_o have_v large_o declare_v in_o chap._n 290._o of_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v here_o needless_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o
current_a advice_n of_o those_o place_n to_o conclude_v then_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v may_v be_v clear_o discern_v the_o present_a height_n and_o amplitude_n of_o our_o english_a commerce_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o england_n navigation_n the_o continuation_n whereof_o my_o devotion_n shall_v ever_o second_v and_o my_o prayer_n shall_v be_v that_o neither_o our_o feign_a friend_n nor_o yet_o our_o froward_a foe_n may_v ever_o have_v just_a cause_n to_o rejoice_v at_o the_o decrease_v nor_o least_o diminution_n thereof_o have_v thus_o happy_o end_v my_o peregrination_n and_o draw_v out_o the_o utmost_a bound_n and_o limit_n of_o this_o my_o map_n of_o commerce_n and_o conclude_v there_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a traffic_n of_o most_o of_o the_o eminent_a city_n and_o country_n of_o the_o world_n i_o will_v now_o cast_v anchor_n and_o finish_v in_o this_o place_n my_o voyage_n till_o the_o next_o fair_a gale_n offer_v and_o present_v itself_o to_o embark_v my_o time_n and_o pen_n in_o the_o survey_n and_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o europe_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v see_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n of_o christendom_n finis_fw-la exchange_n chap._n cclxxiv_o of_o exchange_n in_o general_a and_o of_o the_o method_n and_o manner_n thereof_o and_o how_o calculate_v in_o any_o place_n in_o christendom_n general_n exchange_n in_o general_n i_o have_v in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n show_v that_o to_o make_v this_o treatise_n absolute_a and_o complete_a the_o method_n and_o manner_n how_o all_o exchange_n be_v frame_v and_o calculate_v be_v perfect_o to_o be_v know_v and_o learn_v and_o there_o also_o declare_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o knowledge_n with_o all_o circumstance_n depend_v thereupon_o now_o by_o reason_n that_o i_o have_v in_o all_o the_o aforementioned_a city_n of_o this_o map_n wherein_o either_o custom_n time_n or_o commodiousness_n of_o trade_n exchange_n of_o money_n have_v be_v settle_v and_o where_o the_o say_v exchange_n be_v daily_o use_v and_o practise_v omit_v the_o form_n manner_n and_o calculation_n thereof_o together_o with_o all_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n requisite_a and_o necessary_a to_o the_o explanation_n of_o this_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v in_o this_o place_n think_v good_a to_o allot_v iâ—_n as_o worthy_o merit_v a_o peculiar_a discourse_n at_o large_a by_o itself_o which_o here_o i_o conceive_v it_o most_o proper_a to_o be_v insert_v and_o because_o that_o my_o experience_n in_o the_o exactness_n require_v may_v not_o be_v peradventure_o sufficient_a to_o lead_v i_o through_o in_o every_o particular_a point_n and_o needful_a circumstance_n i_o have_v therefore_o judge_v it_o no_o blemish_n to_o my_o knowledge_n to_o be_v instruct_v by_o those_o excellent_a and_o judicious_a banker_n geo._n baptista_n zucetta_n a_o merchant_n of_o genova_n and_o claudio_n boiero_n a_o merchant_n of_o lion_n who_o endeavour_n herein_o be_v worthy_a commendation_n and_o who_o laborious_a precedent_n and_o precede_a labour_n where_o i_o find_v myself_o defective_a in_o this_o task_n and_o labyrinth_n i_o willing_o follow_v exchange_n what_o be_v place_n of_o exchange_n place_n in_o use_n and_o those_o as_o be_v apt_a for_o exchange_n be_v such_o where_o merchant_n in_o some_o fit_a and_o competent_a number_n do_v meet_v and_o be_v assemble_v for_o the_o benefit_n and_o behoof_n of_o trade_n and_o negatintion_n which_o at_o this_o present_a day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v many_o yet_o withal_o be_v note_v not_o to_o be_v so_o firm_o settle_v but_o that_o the_o same_o admit_v sometime_o a_o alteration_n and_o change_n vary_v according_a as_o the_o due_a occasion_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o that_o place_n require_v either_o by_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n there_o or_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o another_o place_n more_o fit_a and_o proper_a thereunto_o exchange_n some_o city_n be_v the_o staple_n of_o exchange_n some_o place_n again_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o term_v it_o the_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o have_v their_o dependence_n upon_o the_o exchange_n of_o other_o place_n and_o which_o else_o be_v not_o find_v to_o comprehend_v any_o other_o manner_n of_o traffic_n have_v only_o certain_a time_n or_o fair_n settle_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o exchanger_n in_o which_o and_o to_o which_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v either_o date_v expire_v or_o renew_v in_o which_o nature_n and_o of_o which_o sort_n placentia_n be_v account_v the_o most_o notable_a for_o all_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n where_o indeed_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o be_v yet_o acknowledge_v its_o real_a existence_n from_o other_o place_n and_o city_n besansin_n in_o burgundy_n spossa_n in_o the_o river_n of_o genova_n camberay_n in_o piedmont_n and_o some_o other_o be_v in_o former_a time_n observe_v to_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n who_o exchange_n do_v total_o depend_v upon_o the_o partidos_n of_o exchange_n make_v in_o other_o country_n and_o these_o sometime_o of_o such_o as_o have_v the_o same_o concordancy_n in_o the_o current_a coin_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o sometime_o a_o discrepancy_n other_o the_o exchange_n of_o some_o city_n depend_v upon_o the_o exchange_n of_o some_o other_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o other_o city_n where_o no_o set_a exchange_n be_v sound_a sometime_o challenge_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n a_o course_n of_o exchange_v with_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n and_o yet_o have_v none_o settle_v therein_o then_o and_o in_o such_o case_n be_v it_o see_v that_o the_o metropolis_n or_o principal_a city_n of_o these_o country_n prescribe_v both_o the_o rule_n rate_v and_o condition_n thereto_o as_o if_o vicentia_n verona_n or_o milan_n will_v frame_v a_o exchange_n with_o placentia_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o rate_n of_o venice_n in_o which_o estate_n these_o say_a place_n be_v sound_a to_o be_v and_o who_o have_v their_o money_n of_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o goodness_n and_o value_n give_v the_o rule_n rate_v and_o condition_n thereto_o so_o in_o pavia_n como_n and_o other_o town_n in_o england_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o principal_a of_o that_o island_n so_o have_v the_o city_n of_o france_n their_o rule_n from_o lion_n all_o place_n of_o flanders_n from_o antwerp_n and_o so_o have_v the_o like_a in_o other_o place_n and_o country_n exchange_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o exchange_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o exchange_n be_v not_o find_v current_n in_o all_o place_n exchanger_n banker_n and_o merchant_n have_v settle_v a_o common_a course_n of_o euchang_v in_o some_o certain_a particular_a and_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o these_o day_n chief_o to_o be_v these_o for_o italy_n 13._o rome_n genand_n milan_n naples_n barry_n messina_n bologna_n venice_n florence_n lucca_n lechy_a palermo_n bergamo_n etc._n etc._n for_o france_n 3_o paris_n lion_n roven_n etc._n etc._n for_o spain_n 6._o valencia_n barcelona_n alcala_n saragosa_n sevil._n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n for_o portugal_n lisbon_n only_o for_o flanders_n antwerp_n only_o for_o england_n london_n only_o for_o germany_n 5._o vienna_n neremberg_n colonia_n augusta_n frankfort_n etc._n etc._n beside_o which_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v a_o exchange_n current_n but_o by_o reason_n that_o in_o most_o of_o the_o principal_a point_n they_o have_v a_o dependency_n upon_o some_o of_o these_o and_o a_o concordance_n with_o they_o they_o be_v by_o most_o author_n neglect_v and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v by_o i_o here_o whole_o omit_v etc._n many_o city_n practice_n exchange_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o money_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v considerable_a that_o many_o of_o these_o beforementioned_a city_n be_v find_v to_o practice_v their_o exchange_n in_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_a money_n coin_n and_o denomination_n as_o do_v lachy_n and_o barry_n which_o be_v include_v in_o naples_n as_o naples_n itself_o palermo_n and_o messina_n comprehend_v in_o sicilia_n valencia_n saragosa_n and_o barcelona_n in_o catalonia_n sevil_n alcala_n and_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n in_o castilia_n frankfort_n noremberg_n colonia_n and_o augusta_n in_o germany_n and_o some_o other_o etc._n what_o exchange_n be_v etc._n etc._n what_o thing_n this_o exchange_v be_v proper_o in_o itself_o find_v to_o be_v as_o also_o what_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v and_o the_o due_a ceremony_n and_o strict_a rule_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o commodiousness_n necessity_n and_o first_o real_a intent_n of_o the_o same_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 10_o chapter_n which_o brief_o here_o may_v not_o unproper_o be_v define_v by_o the_o word_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v apt_o express_v in_o our_o english_a
tongue_n which_o extend_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n 1._o a_o exchange_v of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o and_o 2._o a_o exchange_v from_o one_o city_n or_o country_n to_o another_o exchange_n rate_n term_n fair_n and_o usance_n of_o exchange_n in_o which_o be_v also_o considerable_a both_o a_o rate_n and_o term_n wherein_o and_o whereby_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n which_o be_v principal_o perform_v by_o certain_a fair_n or_o usance_n accustom_v in_o the_o art_n of_o exchange_v and_o which_o be_v set_v down_o by_o merchant_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n at_o their_o assembly_n and_o meeting_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o regular_a order_n by_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o by_o peculiar_a law_n and_o ordinance_n among_o themselves_o both_o which_o fair_n and_o the_o rate_n and_o term_n thereof_o have_v a_o constant_a expiration_n within_o certain_a month_n as_o the_o usance_n have_v that_o be_v likewise_o include_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o say_a fair_n which_o be_v find_v to_o end_v within_o certain_a prefix_a day_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o those_o two_o city_n wherein_o the_o say_v exchange_n be_v find_v mutual_o and_o respective_o to_o be_v settle_v and_o place_v thereof_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o exchange_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n thereof_o moreover_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o exchange_v banker_n and_o exchanger_n be_v find_v to_o observe_v this_o custom_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o that_o be_v one_o propound_v his_o money_n in_o a_o whole_a number_n or_o denomination_n and_o the_o other_o consequent_o and_o necessary_o in_o a_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o which_o contract_n or_o bargain_n it_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o two_o either_o person_n or_o place_n will_v negotiate_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n so_o that_o the_o one_o will_v be_v the_o seller_n and_o the_o other_o the_o buyer_n thereof_o to_o perform_v which_o it_o be_v questionless_a needful_a that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o thing_n make_v the_o rate_n and_o price_n the_o which_o shall_v happen_v without_o any_o contract_n or_o difference_n of_o much_o or_o little_a and_o as_o it_o chance_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o any_o commodity_n so_o fall_v it_o out_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n for_o of_o the_o two_o place_n that_o will_v exchange_v the_o one_o propound_v a_o gross_a sum_n and_o the_o other_o the_o condition_n and_o price_n in_o a_o lesser_a sum_n which_o may_v admit_v either_o a_o increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o estimation_n or_o value_n according_a as_o they_o fall_v to_o agreement_n upon_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a esteem_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n propound_v the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v exemplify_v thus_o example_n example_n if_o placmtia_n will_v exchange_v with_o any_o other_o place_n the_o say_a placentia_n or_o as_o exchanger_n term_v it_o the_o say_v fair_a or_o fiera_n propound_v and_o give_v always_o the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o other_o that_o will_v exchange_v therewith_o give_v the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o lesser_a denomination_n this_o sum_n which_o i_o thus_o term_v a_o entire_a or_o whole_a denomination_n fall_v in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v sometime_o one_o crown_n and_o in_o other_o place_n sometime_o 100_o crown_n florin_n or_o ducat_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o find_v to_o be_v practise_v between_o any_o two_o place_n exchange_v for_o each_o place_n give_v either_o a_o denomination_n entire_a of_o one_o to_o another_o or_o of_o one_o hundred_o to_o another_o hundred_o or_o else_o of_o a_o lesser_a dividend_n than_o one_o or_o than_o one_o hundred_o which_o i_o here_o term_v the_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o small_a denomination_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o plain_o express_v in_o the_o calculate_v table_n follow_v fraction_n what_o a_o entire_a sum_n in_o exchange_n be_v and_o what_o a_o break_a number_n or_o fraction_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o money_n which_o be_v thus_o give_v as_o entire_a or_o whole_a sum_n viz._n one_o or_o one_o hundred_o these_o be_v either_o find_v to_o be_v crown_n ducat_n pound_n florin_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o receive_a quality_n of_o the_o gross_a and_o whole_a money_n which_o that_o place_n be_v find_v to_o have_v current_n that_o will_v give_v so_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o small_a or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o the_o place_n that_o will_v take_v which_o in_o themselves_o be_v also_o various_a and_o consequent_o of_o divers_a sort_n as_o penny_n sols_n denier_n &c_n &c_n as_o shall_v also_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a table_n judicious_a liberty_n of_o exchange_v to_o the_o judicious_a and_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o one_o place_n give_v a_o exchange_n in_o gross_a money_n and_o another_o place_n in_o small_a as_o be_v before_o relate_v and_o that_o this_o gross_a and_o small_a money_n must_v be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o quality_n and_o kind_n this_o observation_n and_o rule_n prescribe_v notwithstanding_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a but_o that_o exchanger_n may_v though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v seldom_o see_v at_o their_o pleasure_n propound_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o differ_v or_o contrary_a hereunto_o and_o that_o the_o wise_a and_o judicious_a exchanger_n may_v for_o his_o profit_n ease_n or_o commodity_n propound_v his_o own_o intention_n and_o thereby_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v a_o beneficial_a bargain_n or_o issue_n according_a to_o his_o design_n and_o plot._n as_o for_o example_n exchange_v ignorant_n exchanger_n censure_v the_o judicious_a of_o vary_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o exchange_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o method_n differ_v from_o this_o or_o the_o common_a rule_n or_o contrary_a to_o that_o way_n that_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o take_v some_o will_v soon_o censure_v he_o of_o folly_n that_o shall_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n and_o conceive_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v little_o verse_v in_o exchange_a affair_n that_o shall_v either_o propound_v or_o seek_v to_o perform_v such_o a_o thing_n but_o yet_o no_o great_a heed_n be_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o raw_a conceit_n and_o childish_a opinion_n of_o such_o self-willed_a merâ—…nts_n which_o may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o drench_v in_o ignorance_n or_o drown_v in_o carry_v because_o that_o a_o skilful_a merchant_n may_v as_o i_o have_v allege_v frame_v his_o exchange_n as_o he_o see_v good_a and_o to_o his_o own_o commodity_n the_o which_o very_o oftentimes_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o and_o practise_v daily_o by_o those_o of_o this_o city_n of_o excellent_a judgement_n example_n example_n in_o example_n whereof_o posito_fw-la i_o will_v exchange_v genova_n with_o naples_n between_o which_o two_o place_n the_o use_n and_o custom_n be_v that_o genova_n give_v the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o which_o naples_n give_v the_o grain_n 135_o a_o little_a more_o or_o less_o i_o demand_v why_o may_v not_o genova_n give_v that_o whole_a sum_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n as_o it_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v with_o other_o place_n and_o estimate_v the_o same_o by_o 120_o grain_n naples_n and_o thereby_o the_o exchange_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o first_o manner_n before_o mention_v and_o further_o why_o may_v not_o the_o contrary_n be_v practise_v naples_n give_v the_o whole_a denomination_n which_o may_v be_v decat_n one_o for_o sold._n 66_o 8_o d._n and_o so_o vary_v in_o as_o many_o form_n as_o they_o please_v wherein_o i_o confess_v i_o never_o yet_o find_v any_o exchange_n make_v neither_o do_v know_v any_o true_a reason_n that_o the_o common_a cuâ—…oms_n shall_v be_v alter_v though_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o note_v the_o same_o here_o that_o each_o know_a merchant_n may_v bold_o use_v which_o he_o please_v for_o to_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o value_n and_o course_n of_o both_o the_o place_n exchange_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o difficulty_n therein_o and_o i_o wish_v that_o those_o which_o know_v no_o other_o way_n but_o their_o own_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o understanding_n and_o suffer_v other_o of_o better_a judgement_n without_o their_o censure_n to_o follow_v their_o own_o when_o it_o be_v to_o their_o benefit_n or_o commodity_n chap._n cclxxv_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n follow_v exchange_n declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n the_o table_n of_o exchange_n of_o the_o city_n here_o follow_v be_v form_v and_o dispose_v in_o this_o nature_n first_o in_o the_o front_n thereof_o there_o be_v place_v the_o name_n of_o the_o town_n or_o
here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turnâ—…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o â—7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o
assurance_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n include_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n so_o accept_v and_o because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o time_n accustom_v wherein_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v accept_v the_o merchant_n here_o resident_a have_v invent_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o little_a book_n a_o way_n of_o register_n their_o several_a bill_n which_o they_o common_o call_v in_o french_a a_o bilan_n bilan_n a_o bilan_n in_o which_o book_n or_o bilan_n they_o accustomary_o use_v to_o make_v a_o little_a cross_n or_o mark_n upon_o each_o bill_n there_o register_v and_o thus_o orderly_o accept_v but_o if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v present_v make_v a_o question_n whether_o he_o shall_v accept_v it_o or_o not_o and_o demand_v time_n to_o think_v upon_o it_o than_o they_o place_v upon_o that_o bill_n so_o there_o register_v the_o letter_n v._o signify_v in_o french_a voir_fw-fr la_fw-fr lettre_fw-fr or_o the_o bill_n see_v or_o if_o in_o conclusion_n he_o refuse_v the_o same_o either_o because_o he_o hold_v not_o the_o party_n that_o charge_v the_o same_o sufficient_a or_o solvent_a or_o for_o any_o other_o just_a occasion_n they_o common_o note_v the_o same_o in_o their_o bilan_n with_o s_n and_o p_o signify_v that_o the_o same_o be_v soub_n protest_v that_o be_v under_z protest_v the_o which_o bilan_n of_o acceptation_n draught_n and_o remittance_n thus_o quote_v and_o thus_o register_v i_o observe_v at_o my_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n to_o carry_v so_o much_o credit_n among_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o place_n as_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v do_v with_o witness_n by_o a_o public_a notary_n fair_n the_o price_n settle_v for_o the_o succeed_a fair_n the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o say_a payment_n the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v cut_v and_o settle_v as_o well_o for_o the_o succeed_a course_n of_o lion_n itself_o as_o for_o all_o the_o principal_a exchange_a place_n of_o christendom_n in_o all_o which_o it_o be_v find_v that_o lion_n give_v the_o law_n and_o rule_n order_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o price_n of_o all_o other_o place_n except_v for_o placentia_n lion_n discounter_n or_o transfer_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o debt_n in_o lion_n the_o six_o day_n all_o the_o merchant_n reside_v upon_o the_o place_n appear_v in_o certain_a public_a room_n near_o the_o burse_n or_o place_n of_o daily_a meeting_n with_o their_o book_n or_o bilan_n contain_v both_o their_o debit_fw-la and_o credit_n of_o both_o debt_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o there_o address_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o who_o they_o be_v indebt_v intimate_v unto_o they_o to_o transfer_v parcel_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o vâ—…er_v party_n and_o give_v for_o debtor_n one_o or_o more_o who_o do_v owe_v and_o stand_v indebt_v unto_o they_o the_o like_a sum_n or_o parcel_v the_o which_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o creditor_n the_o sum_n be_v respective_o register_v and_o note_v in_o the_o bilan_n abovesaid_a and_o after_o that_o time_n that_o parcel_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v transfer_v and_o remain_v entire_o upon_o the_o risgoe_n peril_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v accept_v the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n here_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v in_o a_o morning_n be_v pay_v and_o satisfy_v without_o the_o disbursement_n of_o a_o denier_n in_o money_n and_o therefore_o to_o this_o purpose_n all_o merchant_n resident_a here_o or_o their_o servant_n for_o they_o be_v compel_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o appear_v with_o their_o bilan_n thus_o to_o satisfy_v account_n with_o their_o creditor_n and_o make_v good_a their_o payment_n or_o in_o default_n of_o this_o appearance_n be_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n declare_v as_o bankrupt_n and_o this_o in_o brief_a be_v the_o remarkable_a custom_n of_o lion_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n upon_o every_o payment_n lion_n rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o exchange_n in_o lion_n it_o now_o remain_v i_o shall_v show_v the_o rule_n how_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v in_o this_o place_n for_o at_o every_o payment_n the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v find_v increase_v or_o decrease_v be_v sometime_o worth_a from_o one_o payment_n to_o another_o 2_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 2¼_n more_o or_o less_o to_o understand_v then_o there_o rule_v i_o will_v first_o lay_v down_o some_o example_n for_o the_o help_n of_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o city_n presuppose_v that_o a_o merchant_n have_v take_v in_o banco_n 455_o livre_n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n from_o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o king_n until_o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n and_o to_o know_v what_o the_o exchange_n may_v amount_v unto_o at_o the_o rate_n abovesaid_a do_v this_o brief_o the_o ½_n of_o the_o say_v cent._n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n 455_o l._n be_v first_o to_o be_v take_v and_o the_o ¼_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o ten_o of_o a_o hundred_o be_v ten_o and_o the_o ¼_n of_o ten_o be_v 2½_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n aforementioned_a and_o therefore_o ¼_n of_o the_o ten_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o for_o example_n 3._o at_o 2_o â—_o 3._o again_o a_o debtor_n owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n l._n 3141._o 16_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o pay_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 2â…“_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o exchange_n the_o which_o most_o facile_a and_o brief_o be_v thus_o perform_v take_v the_o 1_o 1â—_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o of_o the_o proceed_v ½_n and_o of_o the_o ½_n the_o â—_o 3_o add_v the_o say_v five_o to_o the_o â…”_n and_o thus_o the_o value_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v find_v out_o as_o here_o follow_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o brevity_n be_v that_o if_o from_o 100_o one_o take_v as_o be_v before_o say_a â…•_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o â…“_n of_o the_o say_a â…•_n the_o product_n of_o the_o say_v â—_o 5_o with_o the_o â…“_n give_v just_a 2â…”_n as_o be_v above_o specify_v again_o at_o 2_o â—_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n how_o much_o amount_v the_o exchange_n of_o l._n 842._o 17._o 6._o you_o must_v here_o take_v â—_o 3_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o a_o â—_o 10_o of_o the_o say_v add_v the_o two_o last_o product_n the_o exchange_n will_v appear_v as_o 2â…“_n at_o 2â…“_n again_o a_o debtor_n owe_v to_o his_o creditor_n l._n 1435._o 17._o 8_o d._n to_o be_v pay_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o exchange_n to_o do_v this_o take_v the_o 1_o 10_o part_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o of_o his_o product_n â…•_n and_o of_o the_o ½_n the_o â…›_n add_v the_o say_a â…•_n to_o the_o say_a â…›_n and_o the_o exchange_n will_v appear_v 2¼_n at_o 2¼_n again_o at_o 2¼_n per_fw-la cent._n what_o will_v the_o exchange_n of_o 7661_o l._n 17_o sol_n amount_v unto_o to_o do_v which_o the_o â…•_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o the_o â…›_n of_o the_o say_a â…•_n be_v to_o be_v take_v add_v the_o â…•_n and_o the_o â…›_n and_o it_o give_v the_o exchange_n cent._n at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n again_o at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o will_v know_v the_o exchange_n of_o 7000_o l._n herein_o take_v ¼_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o â…•_n of_o the_o say_a ¼_n add_v the_o two_o last_o product_n it_o give_v the_o exchange_n as_o for_o example_n 2½_n at_o 2½_n also_o presuppose_v that_o a_o merchant_n have_v sell_v some_o good_n for_o the_o value_n of_o 5312_o l._n 10_o s._n at_o a_o year_n time_n conditional_o to_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o every_o payment_n what_o ought_v the_o buyer_n to_o give_v the_o seller_n at_o the_o say_a term_n in_o this_o case_n consider_v that_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o a_o payment_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o 1_o 10_o be_v to_o be_v take_v and_o to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o total_a and_o it_o give_v l._n 5843._o 15._o but_o i_o have_v stay_v upon_o this_o point_n too_o long_o and_o therefore_o will_v omit_v further_a example_n and_o will_v only_o insert_v a_o brief_a method_n of_o these_o form_n of_o exchange_n in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o ingenious_a may_v make_v it_o serve_v his_o occasion_n in_o any_o country_n where_o money_n be_v either_o give_v or_o take_v at_o interest_n serve_v as_o compendious_a table_n for_o cast_v up_o of_o any_o exchange_n here_o or_o of_o interest_n elsewhere_o for_o any_o space_n and_o term_v of_o time_n whatsoever_o and_o fit_o serve_v as_o a_o necessary_a introduction_n to_o what_o i_o shall_v here_o further_o insert_v as_o concern_v the_o exchange_n make_v by_o lion_n for_o other_o country_n chap._n ccciu_o brief_a rate_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o
rate_n of_o interest_n in_o many_o other_o place_n city_n rate_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n and_o may_v serve_v for_o rate_n of_o interest_n in_o many_o other_o city_n first_o at_o ½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o the_o ½_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o rate_n and_o sum_n of_o the_o exchange_n propound_v and_o demand_v at_o ⅓_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o a_o ⅓_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o be_v the_o exchange_n at_o ⅔_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅔_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o be_v the_o exchange_n at_o ¼_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ¼_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o be_v the_o exchange_n at_o ¾_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v ¾_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o the_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o ⅕_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o the_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o ⅖_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅖_n of_o the_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 1_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ½_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o add_v the_o two_o last_o at_o 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅓_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10_o add_v the_o ⅓_n and_o 1_o 10._o at_o 1⅔_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ½_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 1¼_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅛_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 1¾_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v ½_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 1⅜_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅜_n of_o the_o last_o 1_o 10._o at_o 2_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 2⅛_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅙_n of_o the_o say_a ⅕_n add_v the_o ⅓_n and_o ⅕_n at_o 2⅔_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ½_n of_o the_o say_a ⅕_n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ¼_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 2¼_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅛_n of_o the_o say_a ⅕_n add_v the_o ⅕_n and_o ⅛_n at_o 2¾_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ¼_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o the_o 1_o 10_o of_o the_o say_a ¼_n at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ¼_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅓_n of_o the_o say_a ¼_n add_v the_o ¼_n and_o the_o ⅕_n at_o 3⅓_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅓_n of_o a_o 1_o 10._o at_o 3½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ¼_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅔_n of_o the_o say_a ¼_n add_v the_o ¼_n and_o ⅖_n at_o 3¾_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ¼_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅓_n of_o the_o say_a ¼_n add_v the_o ¼_n and_o the_o ½_n at_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅕_n of_o a_o ⅕_n at_o 4½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v ¼_n and_o ⅕_n of_o at_o 5_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ½_n of_o a_o 1_o 10._o at_o 5½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ½_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o 1_o 10_o of_o the_o say_a ½_n add_v the_o ½_n and_o the_o 1_o 10._o at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ½_n of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ⅕_n of_o the_o say_a ½_n shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 6¼_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o ¼_n of_o a_o ¼_n shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n at_o 6⅔_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o ⅓_n of_o one_o ⅓_n at_o 7⅕_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ½_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o ½_n of_o the_o say_a ½_n at_o 8⅓_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 11._o at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10._o at_o 12½_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o ⅛_n at_o 15_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10_o and_o ½_n of_o the_o say_v 1_o 10_o add_v the_o whole_a at_o 16⅔_n per_fw-la cent._n take_v a_o 1_o 10._o at_o 17½_n per_fw-la cent._n 1_o 10_o and_o twice_o the_o ½_n the_o one_o of_o the_o other_o of_o the_o say_v 1_o 10._o at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n ⅕_n at_o 22½_n per_fw-la cent._n ⅕_n and_o of_o ⅛_n the_o say_a ⅕_n add_v give_v the_o exchange_n at_o 25_o per_fw-la cent._n take_v the_o ¼_n elsewhere_o the_o reason_n and_o benefit_n of_o these_o rule_n as_o well_o in_o lion_n as_o elsewhere_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o set_v down_o the_o brief_a method_n of_o calculate_v the_o exchange_n here_o be_v that_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o payment_n be_v regulate_v for_o the_o next_o ensue_a payment_n for_o that_o day_n so_o must_v it_o also_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o near_a the_o time_n be_v to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o next_o ensue_v the_o lesser_a consequent_o be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o that_o payment_n to_o be_v account_v and_o because_o in_o many_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v there_o in_o private_a bargain_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o find_v that_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n prefix_v by_o agreement_n be_v sometime_o 2_o 3_o or_o 4_o or_o more_o fair_n or_o payment_n to_o come_v and_o succeed_v and_o thereto_o be_v oftentimes_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o remain_a time_n run_v to_o the_o first_o payment_n ensue_v therefore_o in_o this_o case_n i_o have_v for_o the_o easy_a and_o better_o reckon_n of_o he_o that_o sell_v a_o commodity_n and_o of_o he_o that_o do_v buy_v the_o same_o set_v down_o the_o easy_a and_o brief_a way_n how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n of_o the_o time_n to_o run_v which_o here_o i_o have_v set_v down_o to_o the_o common_a term_n of_o ten_o payment_n which_o at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n make_v 25_o per_n cent._n chap._n cccv_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o profit_v thereof_o interest_n example_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o profit_n thereof_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o interest_n upon_o interest_n the_o declaration_n of_o these_o rule_n be_v best_a demonstrate_v by_o example_n which_o here_o follow_v my_o intend_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n thereof_o i_o here_o purpose_n to_o insert_v the_o question_n be_v that_o if_o a_o creditor_n receive_v not_o each_o payment_n the_o exchange_n that_o be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o debtor_n ought_v to_o make_v he_o good_a the_o same_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o principal_n for_o example_n i_o will_v know_v what_o shall_v l._n 1560._o 15_o ounce_n give_v for_o profit_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o two_o ½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o three_o payment_n value_v the_o say_a exchange_n with_o the_o principal_a at_o the_o price_n abovenamed_a first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o by_o the_o rule_v above_o mention_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o payment_n come_v to_o l._n 39_o 0._o 4_o d._n that_o sum_n be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o principal_a and_o then_o it_o do_v amount_v unto_o l._n 1599_o 15_o s._n 4_o d._n out_o of_o which_o must_v be_v draw_v the_o exchange_n of_o the_o second_o payment_n and_o add_v that_o likewise_o to_o the_o principal_a and_o out_o of_o that_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o three_o and_o add_v that_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o it_o give_v 1680._o l._n 15_o s._n as_o by_o example_n follow_v do_v appear_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o account_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n may_v be_v make_v for_o any_o time_n whatsoever_o and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o a_o payment_n in_o a_o continue_a sum_n may_v alter_v therefore_o i_o will_v lay_v down_o one_o example_n more_o which_z pesus_fw-la may_v be_v 7450_o put_v out_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n for_o a_o year_n or_o four_o payment_n the_o first_o payment_n fall_v to_o be_v at_o 2¼_n the_o second_o at_o 2⅓_n the_o three_o at_o 2½_n and_o the_o four_o payment_n at_o ⅜_n which_o according_o cast_v up_o and_o continue_v with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o profit_n add_v to_o the_o principal_a it_o will_v amount_v to_o 8203_o l._n 6_o s._n 6_o d._n as_o follow_v shall_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n rebate_v interest_n pay_v upon_o rebate_v now_o forasmuch_o as_o these_o rule_n have_v affinity_n with_o the_o interest_n use_v in_o many_o country_n continue_v by_o the_o year_n from_o one_o to_o another_o
the_o same_o be_v conclude_v genoa_n exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n i_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o genoa_n and_o with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o declare_v the_o common_a rate_n and_o price_n how_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o govern_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o it_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o great_a certainty_n yet_o so_o far_o it_o be_v conducible_a to_o this_o knowledge_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o either_o in_o the_o draught_n remittance_n or_o order_n that_o may_v happen_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o city_n the_o form_n of_o which_o account_v now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v enlighten_v the_o way_n to_o what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o for_o brevity_n sake_n willing_o omit_v genoa_n account_n in_o genoa_n to_o give_v then_o introduction_n thereto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n several_a way_n as_o some_o in_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o current_a money_n and_o other_o by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o both_o these_o account_v and_o sum_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o 20_o sol_n make_v a_o liver_n and_o 12_o denier_n do_v make_v a_o sol._n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n be_v worth_a here_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n of_o genoa_n though_o it_o be_v find_v sometime_o to_o be_v worth_n more_o and_o sometime_o less_o as_o money_n be_v request_v notwithstanding_o the_o say_a crown_n be_v always_o give_v for_o 68_o sol_n money_n of_o gold_n again_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o genoa_n all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v be_v effective_o for_o placentia_n lion_n milan_n venice_n naples_n and_o rome_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v tediousness_n be_v the_o brief_a chap._n ccclxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sol._n 87¾_n current_a money_n to_o have_v there_o 1_o crow_n of_o mark_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 10269._o 19_o 3_o d._n current_a money_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o mark_v i_o shall_v have_v in_o placentia_n example_n 1._o example_n first_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_v sol._n 87¾_n by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o 4_o 4_o add_v the_o â—_o 4_o and_o they_o make_v 351_o quarter_n and_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 4_o to_o make_v they_o quarter_n of_o sol_n add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n ¼_n for_o the_o 3_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v in_o all_o 821_o 597_o which_o divide_v by_o 331_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o division_n will_v be_v 2340_o multiply_v the_o rest_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v in_o all_o crow_n 2340._o 14._o 7._o of_o gold_n of_o mark_n which_o you_o must_v have_v in_o placentia_n as_o by_o example_n will_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o mark_n by_o lib._n 4._o 7._o 9_o beginning_n to_o multiply_v by_o the_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v it_o by_o 12_o denier_n for_o one_o sol_fw-mi and_o by_o 2d_o for_o one_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v l._n 10269-18-11_a so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o account_n be_v just_a the_o difference_n be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v lose_v as_o by_o example_n exchange_n another_o example_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o genoa_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o see_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o placentia_n in_o sols_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o money_n be_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n by_o decree_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v worth_a sol_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n and_o though_o that_o the_o say_a price_n of_o the_o current_a money_n rise_v and_o fall_v the_o money_n of_o gold_n never_o vari_v from_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 68_o sol._n if_o then_o i_o will_v know_v for_o liver_n 2816._o 13._o 4._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o one_o exchange_v at_o 66_o 5_o d._n money_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la crown_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v one_o have_v do_v thus_o reduce_v the_o abovesaid_a liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n rest_v by_o 12_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_v sol_n 66._o 5_o denier_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o divisor_n of_o the_o sum_n of_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_v liv._o the_o which_o divide_v will_v be_v 848_o cro._n 3._o 7._o of_o mark._n proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o rule_n multiply_v this_o by_o 5_o d._n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2186._o 13._o 3._o which_o show_v the_o account_n to_o be_v just_o cast_v example_n three_o example_n in_o genoa_n i_o will_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n lib._n 3248._o 15._o of_o current_a money_n which_o be_v exchange_v at_o 67_o sol._n 10_o d._n of_o money_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n they_o will_v be_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n divide_v the_o same_o by_o 90_o sol_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 721._o 18._o 10_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o l._n 8_o s._n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o lib._n 2454._o 12._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 67._o 10_o to_o see_v what_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v worth_a and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v genoa_n have_v medit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_v l._n 3248._o 15_o of_o current_a money_n as_o the_o example_n shall_v more_o evident_o demonstrate_v geona_n to_o reduce_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o gold_n in_o geona_n if_o in_o genoa_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o a_o short_a rule_n because_o that_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n be_v 90_o s._n and_o in_o money_n of_o gold_n 68_o s._n you_o must_v take_v of_o the_o current_a money_n twice_o â…“_n place_v they_o the_o one_o under_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a â…“_n take_v â…•_n and_o of_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o say_a â…•_n you_o must_v take_v â…“_n and_o add_v these_o 4_o parcel_n together_o will_v come_v money_n of_o gold_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n if_o by_o the_o same_o method_n you_o will_v reduce_v liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n into_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n you_o must_v add_v to_o the_o say_a liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n the_o ¼_n and_o of_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o take_v 1_o 17_o add_v the_o say_v two_o parcel_n together_o and_o they_o will_v make_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n wherein_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a thus_o far_o to_o enlarge_v myself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a exchange_n continual_o practise_v between_o the_o say_v two_o place_n chap._n ccclxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n genoa_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 59_o 9_o money_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 37296._o 6._o 0_o of_o current_a money_n in_o genoa_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o liver_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o the_o former_a rule_n divide_v by_o sol._n 90._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 4._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 3._o 8._o 5._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o
l._n 28179._o 8._o 6._o the_o which_o divide_v by_o sol._n 59_o 9_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v crown_n 9432._o 8._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v lion_n give_v for_o those_o liver_n of_o câ—…rent_a money_n as_o above_o propound_v example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n will_v appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n shall_v be_v rechange_v back_o from_o lion_n to_o genoa_n chap._n ccclxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o milan_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o of_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n posito_fw-la sol._n 118½_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 3850._o 14._o 8._o of_o current_n meney_n what_o credit_n shall_v genoa_n have_v in_o milan_n first_o take_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o make_v the_o same_o into_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 962._o 13._o 8_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o liver_n 5._o 18._o 6._o per_fw-la crown_n which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n 118½_n and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 5703._o 17._o 11_o d._n and_o so_o much_o shall_v the_o say_a credit_n be_v in_o milan_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n in_o the_o work_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n will_v more_o evident_o appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v for_o genoa_n from_o milan_n chap._n ccclxv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o venice_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o venice_n posito_fw-la 146½_n sol_fw-mi de_fw-fr banco_n and_o of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 8340._o 12._o 0._o turrent_a money_n of_o genoa_n how_o many_o ducat_n de_fw-mi banco_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n per_fw-la duc._n shall_v one_o have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v this_o then_o first_o take_v the_o ¼_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 2085._o 3._o 0._o the_o which_o by_o l._n 7._o 6._o 6._o per_fw-la crown_n which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n 146½_n and_o of_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v come_v l._n 15273._o 14._o 6._o which_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o ducat_n divide_v they_o by_o 124_o the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o 6_o l._n 4_o sol._n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_v make_v one_o ducat_n and_o by_o thus_o work_v the_o same_o will_v be_v ducat_n 2463._o ½_n and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o lib._n 6â…•_n shall_v you_o have_v credit_n in_o banco_n for_o at_o venice_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o venice_n do_v exchange_n back_o for_o genoa_n this_o say_a sum_n chap._n ccclxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o naples_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o naples_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 66â…”_n sols_n of_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o 5_o tarry_v i_o demand_v then_o for_o liv_o 4486._o 3._o 4._o current_a money_n how_o many_o ducat_n in_o credit_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o naples_n first_o reduce_v all_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n with_o the_o say_v l._n 66â…”_n of_o current_a money_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o liver_n by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n that_o come_v thereof_o by_o 12_o do_v the_o same_o by_o the_o sol_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 12_o and_o by_o the_o division_n thereof_o it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1345_o and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 100_o by_o reason_n that_o 100_o grain_n do_v make_v one_o ducat_n and_o there_o will_v come_v grain_n 85_o which_o be_v worth_a 4_o tarry_v and_o grain_n 5_o seeing_z as_o have_v be_v before_o remember_v that_o 1_o tarry_v be_v in_o naples_n 20_o grain_n and_o by_o thus_o work_v it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1345._o 4._o 5._o and_o so_o much_o shall_v the_o credit_n be_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o the_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n shall_v exchange_v back_o with_o genoa_n i_o can_v much_o more_o enlarge_v the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n with_o other_o place_n but_o for_o brevity_n i_o willing_o omit_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o now_o come_v to_o the_o commission_n and_o order_n give_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n at_o genoa_n chap._n ccclxvii_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o genoa_n example_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o genoa_n 1._o example_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o add_v one_o or_o two_o example_n of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o thereby_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n at_o genoa_n first_o the_o posito_fw-la from_o venice_n there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o genoa_n to_o remit_v to_o venice_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o milan_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o draught_n from_o milan_n to_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 148_o l._n clear_a of_o all_o charge_n now_o then_o there_o do_v present_a bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 149_o and_o money_n for_o milan_n at_o 148._o i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 148_o of_o venice_n give_v at_o milan_n sols_n 117_o be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o say_v milan_n what_o will_v sols_n 149_o give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o l._n at_o genoal_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o 117¼_n sol._n the_o which_o without_o deduction_n of_o provision_n be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commission_n can_v be_v perform_v because_o that_o the_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o 149_o the_o draught_n can_v be_v make_v for_o milan_n at_o more_o than_o 117¾_n beside_o the_o provision_n and_o the_o patido_n be_v find_v at_o 118_o sol_n as_o the_o example_n show_v example_n see_v example_n again_o to_o genoa_n come_v order_n from_o antwerp_n to_o buy_v some_o velvet_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o the_o same_o by_o placentia_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o palm_n of_o velvet_n in_o genoa_n amount_v not_o be_v buy_v to_o more_o than_o sol_fw-mi 8½_n money_n of_o gross_a and_o the_o draught_n for_o placentia_n at_o gross_a 123._o now_o there_o be_v find_v velvet_n at_o 72¼_n sols_n the_o palm_n and_o money_n for_o placentia_n at_o sol_n 88_o in_o current_a money_n i_o demand_v then_o if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_v commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o know_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o gross_n 123_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n give_v at_o genoa_n sol._n 88_o what_o will_v gross_a 102._o which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n of_o 8½_n of_o gross_v give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o sol._n 72._o 11_o so_o that_o as_o it_o will_v appear_v the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o in_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 88_o sol_fw-mi the_o velvet_n may_v be_v buy_v at_o 72_o sol._n 11_o den._n the_o palm_n and_o iâ—_n be_v find_v at_o 72_o 1_o â—_o sol._n chap._n ccclxviii_o of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o genoa_n genoa_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o genoa_n from_o genoa_n the_o term_n of_o bill_n be_v to_o venetia_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o at_o 16_o day_n back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o two_o month_n from_o the_o date_n to_z paris_z the_o same_z as_o to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n to_o naples_n and_o palermo_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o back_o at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n together_o with_o the_o comnission_n give_v and_o receive_v there_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n
the_o crown_n of_o mark_n there_o will_v remain_v sol._n 134â…”_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o or_o for_o milan_n genoa_n question_v for_o genoa_n again_o at_o milan_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_z sol_fw-mi 133½_n and_o for_o genoa_n at_o sol_n 118â…”_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o genoa_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 118â…”_n of_o milan_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n of_o genoa_n give_v sol_n 80_o what_o will_v sols_n 133½_n give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o money_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n the_o which_o without_o make_v the_o reduction_n into_o money_n of_o gold_n see_v it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n be_v worth_a 68_o sol._n of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o and_o for_o genoa_n lion_n question_v for_o lion_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o duc._n 141._o and_o for_o lion_n at_o 116½_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 141._o of_o l._n 6._o â…“_n of_o venice_n give_v in_o placentia_n crow_n 100_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 116½_n give_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 82â…_n or_o circa_fw-la and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placcntia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n another_o another_o at_o placentia_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 83½_n and_o for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 113_o and_o from_o that_o place_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o they_o exchange_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95â…“_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v beneficial_a to_o remit_v from_o placentia_n to_o lion_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o florence_n by_o inorder_v my_o factor_n at_o florence_n to_o prevail_v upon_o lion_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crow_n 95â…“_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n 83½_n of_o mark_n be_v the_o price_n of_o crow_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n by_o crow_n 113._o of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o say_v crown_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v crow_n 94._o 7._o 1._o to_o which_o add_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v pay_v the_o one_o at_o florence_n the_o other_o at_o lion_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 94._o 19_o 8._o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o draw_v and_o to_o remit_v according_a to_o the_o abovesaid_a order_n and_o manner_n because_o that_o at_o florence_n may_v be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95_o or_o circa_fw-la and_o find_v crow_n 95½_n upon_o which_o consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v what_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n may_v do_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n which_o thus_o i_o work_v by_o example_n now_o for_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o placentia_n it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o city_n in_o chapter_n 383._o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a and_o continue_a practice_n here_o daily_o make_v for_o vast_a sum_n i_o have_v somewhat_o more_o than_o ordinary_o enlarge_v myself_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o place_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v florence_n chap._n cccc_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o florence_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v florence_n exchange_n practise_v in_o florence_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n the_o say_a city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a price_n can_v be_v peremptory_o set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v further_v to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n upon_o this_o place_n now_o remain_v here_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o understand_v the_o same_o with_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n here_o omit_v florence_n account_n keep_v in_o florence_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v observable_a here_o that_o all_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n or_o lyre_n or_o liver_n 7½_n of_o that_o money_n per_fw-mi crown_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n do_v make_v one_o crown_n and_o 12_o den._n one_o sol._n chap._n cccci_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n florence_n then_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 95¾_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crow_n 1268._o 9_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 95¾_n give_v crown_n 100_o what_o will_v crown_n 1268._o 9_o give_v and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 1324_o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v in_o all_o crown_n 1324._o 15._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v credit_n in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o florence_n the_o calculation_n thereof_o here_o follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n chap._n ccccii._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 110½_n crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v there_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o i_o first_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n 110½_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o sol_n for_o the_o half_a crown_n and_o they_o make_v sol._n 2210_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n into_o sols_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 99461_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 2210_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n what_o will_v sol._n 99461_o give_v to_o which_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o 100_o and_o then_o divide_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 4500._o 9_o 11._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o must_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n of_o florence_n as_o by_o example_n calculate_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v from_o placentia_n to_o florence_n etc._n etc._n chap._n cccciii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venice_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 81½_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v duc._n in_o banco_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…“_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 2037._o 10._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o bring_v the_o crow_n 81½_n into_o half_a crown_n multiply_v they_o by_o 2_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n add_v half_o a_o crown_n for_o the_o 10_o sol_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o half_a crown_n produce_v of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n give_v at_o venice_n duc._n 100_o what_o will_v the_o half_a crown_n give_v proceed_v from_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n and_o so_o by_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o
parcel_n will_v amount_v to_o with_o the_o exchange_n from_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n or_o species_n to_o another_o in_o regard_n the_o same_o have_v be_v already_o publish_v by_o mr._n lewis_n roberts_n in_o his_o map_n of_o commerce_n but_o i_o have_v give_v my_o advice_n in_o the_o practical_a part_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n use_v in_o england_n and_o i_o have_v general_o back_v my_o advice_n with_o some_o reason_n which_o among_o wise_a man_n be_v esteem_v more_o prevalent_a than_o law_n itself_o i_o dare_v warrant_v the_o proceed_n of_o any_o that_o shall_v walk_v after_o this_o my_o advice_n to_o be_v good_a and_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n but_o i_o think_v i_o need_v not_o hang_v out_o a_o bush_n if_o the_o palate_n be_v right_a i_o know_v the_o wine_n can_v be_v disrelished_a it_o be_v the_o crop_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n experience_v in_o my_o employment_n in_o the_o art_n of_o a_o notary_n public_a reader_n let_v not_o one_o perusal_n suffice_v thou_o this_o labour_n be_v i_o the_o gain_n will_v be_v thou_o i_o be_o but_o the_o adviser_n be_v thou_o advise_v by_o j._n marius_n exchange_n excellent_a and_o necessary_a exchange_n be_v by_o some_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v and_o traffic_n be_v ground_v upon_o custom_n and_o experience_n and_o the_o necessity_n and_o commodiousness_n of_o exchange_n be_v see_v in_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o general_a allowance_n in_o all_o country_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o yet_o be_v maintain_v with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o for_o it_o prevent_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o carriage_n of_o money_n from_o one_o city_n or_o country_n to_o another_o and_o this_o be_v do_v only_o by_o two_o or_o three_o line_n write_v on_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n term_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o noble_a and_o excellent_a that_o though_o it_o can_v proper_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v call_v a_o specialty_n because_o it_o want_v those_o formality_n which_o by_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v thereunto_o require_v as_o seal_v delivery_n and_o witness_n yet_o it_o be_v equivalent_a thereunto_o if_o not_o beyond_o or_o exceed_v any_o specialty_n or_o bond_n in_o its_o punctuality_n and_o precise_a payment_n carry_v with_o it_o a_o command_a power_n though_o direct_v from_o the_o servant_n to_o the_o master_n for_o if_o by_o he_o accept_v it_o concern_v he_o every_o whit_n as_o much_o to_o see_v it_o be_v pay_v with_o honour_n at_o the_o time_n as_o the_o servant_n can_v desire_v or_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a can_v expect_v in_o regard_n the_o acceptor_n credit_n lie_v at_o stake_n and_o if_o he_o fail_v of_o payment_n at_o the_o precise_a day_n present_o there_o will_v issue_v forth_o a_o protest_v which_o may_v tell_v tale_n and_o soon_o make_v a_o dilemma_n in_o his_o commerce_n for_o he_o must_v not_o expect_v to_o continue_v his_o credit_n long_o that_o do_v not_o pay_v his_o accept_a bill_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o beside_o his_o own_o his_o servant_z or_o friend_n the_o drawer_n credit_n will_v also_o be_v wound_v beside_o the_o charge_n which_o be_v incident_a thereunto_o and_o unavoidable_a payment_n of_o principal_a and_o charges_n at_o the_o end_n if_o the_o party_n or_o party_n be_v able_a for_o both_o acceptor_n and_o drawer_n be_v bind_v till_o payment_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o particular_o show_v in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n thus_o much_o in_o general_n for_o i_o love_v not_o to_o spend_v more_o word_n than_o need_v or_o tell_v a_o large_a story_n to_o little_a or_o no_o purpose_n exchange_v what_o it_o be_v real_a exchange_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o give_v or_o take_v up_o money_n in_o one_o city_n or_o town_n to_o the_o end_n to_o have_v it_o again_o or_o to_o restore_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o money_n in_o another_o town_n according_a to_o the_o price_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o between_o the_o taker_n and_o the_o deliverer_n to_o allow_v or_o pay_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n which_o will_v be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o money_n be_v take_v up_o or_o deliver_v till_o it_o be_v restore_v or_o receive_v again_o inland_a and_o outland_n bill_n all_o alike_o and_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o edinburgh_n york_n bristol_n exon_n plymouth_n dover_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o england_n or_o scotland_n and_o payable_a at_o london_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o effectual_a as_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o payable_a here_o in_o england_n which_o we_o use_v to_o call_v a_o outland_n bill_n and_o the_o other_o a_o inland_a bill_n both_o the_o inland_n and_o outland_n be_v make_v for_o money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n and_o exchange_n of_o monies_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v do_v as_o well_o from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o as_o from_o one_o country_n kingdom_n or_o nation_n to_o another_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v as_o well_o at_o one_o part_n as_o at_o another_o i_o mean_v inland_a and_o outland_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v of_o equal_a worth_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n on_o both_o equal_o observe_v howbeit_o mr._n john_n trenchant_a in_o his_o book_n of_o arithmetic_n print_v at_o lion_n anno_fw-la 1608._o say_v that_o a_o exchange_n make_v in_o the_o same_o realm_n as_o from_o lion_n to_o paris_n be_v not_o real_a for_o that_o the_o real_a exchange_n be_v appoint_v only_o for_o exchange_n between_o town_n in_o subjection_n to_o divers_a lord_n who_o do_v not_o allow_v money_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o their_o own_o territory_n or_o because_o the_o money_n be_v not_o convey_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o without_o great_a loss_n four_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n and_o how_o call_v ordinary_o there_o be_v four_o person_n requisite_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o take_v up_o or_o remit_v any_o parcel_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n beside_o the_o broker_n who_o do_v procure_v the_o parcel_n as_o namely_o two_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v take_v up_o and_o two_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v payable_a 1._o the_o party_n who_o deliver_v the_o money_n by_o exchange_n who_o we_o use_v to_o call_v the_o deliverer_n or_o the_o giver_n and_o the_o french_a le_fw-fr banker_n because_o there_o be_v who_o keep_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n only_o to_o negotiate_v by_o exchange_n as_o our_o usurer_n do_v money_n to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n although_o these_o banker_n will_v as_o well_o take_v up_o as_o deliver_v money_n by_o exchange_n according_a as_o they_o see_v it_o most_o advantageous_a to_o they_o by_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o monies_n by_o 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monies_n by_o exchange_n and_o he_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v make_v payable_a and_o the_o party_n who_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o he_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v three_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n but_o sometime_o there_o be_v but_o three_o person_n needful_a in_o the_o do_v a_o parcel_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n as_o first_o the_o taker_n second_o the_o deliverer_n and_o three_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v 1._o the_o taker_n he_o make_v and_o subscribe_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n by_o he_o receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o himself_o or_o assign_v for_o the_o value_n of_o himself_o and_o
one_o of_o they_o do_v accept_v it_o and_o the_o other_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v that_o bill_n must_v be_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o due_a acceptance_n but_o if_o the_o bill_n do_v come_v direct_v thus_o to_o robert_n a._n and_o john_n b._n or_o to_o either_o of_o they_o or_o thus_o to_o robert_n a._n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o john_n b._n in_o this_o case_n the_o bill_n be_v accept_v by_o a._n or_o b._n namely_o by_o but_o one_o of_o they_o it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o bill_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o due_a acceptance_n in_o regard_n be_v accept_v but_o by_o one_o of_o they_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v it_o be_v accept_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n verbal_a acceptance_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v present_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o be_v accept_v and_o he_o do_v answer_v you_o thus_o leave_v your_o bill_n with_o i_o and_o i_o will_v accept_v it_o or_o thus_o call_v for_o it_o to_o 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payment_n thereof_o provide_v the_o bill_n be_v first_o protest_v in_o due_a form_n for_o nonpayment_n and_o sure_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n be_v good_a and_o bind_a and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o it_o may_v so_o be_v that_o that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v for_o provision_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o end_n to_o pay_v some_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n charge_v and_o draw_v on_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o former_a bill_n be_v payable_a and_o he_o have_v such_o a_o verbal_a promise_n of_o acceptance_n upon_o confidence_n therefore_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v accept_v the_o other_o bill_n draw_v on_o he_o or_o it_o may_v be_v the_o former_a bill_n be_v send_v he_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o money_n to_o buy_v some_o commodity_n for_o the_o party_n that_o remit_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n suppose_v the_o money_n will_v be_v pay_v he_o at_o the_o time_n he_o may_v happen_v to_o have_v buy_v the_o commodity_n for_o his_o friend_n and_o may_v peradventure_o have_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n that_o send_v he_o the_o bill_n and_o have_v give_v he_o advice_n that_o he_o be_v promise_v acceptance_n or_o that_o he_o doubt_v not_o of_o acceptance_n or_o the_o like_a and_o upon_o such_o advice_n give_v his_o friend_n will_v take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o make_v his_o account_n according_o and_o very_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o namely_o that_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n be_v bind_v there_o may_v happen_v great_a inconvenience_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n among_o who_o in_o their_o way_n of_o commerce_n their_o word_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o bind_v as_o their_o writing_n accept_v for_o part_n if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v say_v unto_o you_o when_o you_o present_v he_o the_o bill_n to_o be_v accept_v that_o he_o will_v accept_v it_o for_o part_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v no_o more_o provision_n in_o his_o hand_n from_o the_o party_n for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v or_o that_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o more_o upon_o account_n or_o other_o the_o like_a reason_n best_o know_v to_o himself_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v take_v such_o his_o acceptance_n for_o part_n but_o than_o you_o present_o go_v to_o a_o notary_n public_a and_o cause_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v protest_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n therein_o mention_v and_o you_o must_v send_v away_o that_o your_o protest_v to_o the_o party_n which_o send_v you_o the_o bill_n that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o have_v security_n from_o the_o party_n which_o take_v up_o the_o money_n for_o the_o remain_a sum._n and_o so_o likewise_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o bill_n shall_v fall_v due_a you_o must_v go_v and_o receive_v the_o sum_n for_o which_o it_o be_v accept_v and_o you_o may_v make_v a_o receipt_n upon_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o same_o use_v these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n receive_v this_o 22_o january_n 1654._o in_o part_n of_o payment_n of_o this_o bill_n twenty_o five_o pound_n six_o shilling_n i_o say_v receive_v per_fw-la i_o john_n n._n and_o then_o you_o must_v cause_n protest_v again_o to_o be_v make_v for_o non_fw-la payment_n of_o the_o remain_a sum_n and_o send_v the_o same_o back_n according_a as_o you_o former_o do_v for_o non-acceptance_n note_v on_o your_o bill_n the_o time_n when_o they_o will_v fall_v due_a after_o you_o have_v present_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o receive_v they_o accept_v then_o present_o reckon_v when_o they_o will_v fall_v due_a and_o if_o you_o have_v any_o bill_n draw_v from_o france_n or_o italy_n or_o other_o part_n in_o french_a crown_n ducat_n dollar_n or_o other_o outlandish_a money_n look_v in_o the_o bill_n at_o what_o rate_n or_o price_n they_o be_v draw_v for_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n here_o in_o england_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o our_o english_a money_n and_o then_o note_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o your_o bill_n close_o to_o the_o top_n at_o one_o end_n thereof_o in_o short_a the_o time_n when_o your_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a with_o the_o just_a sum_n which_o you_o be_v to_o receive_v at_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o your_o billâ—_n before_o you_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o your_o count_a house_n to_o the_o end_n that_o at_o any_o time_n when_o you_o will_v desire_v to_o know_v upon_o any_o occasion_n what_o money_n you_o have_v to_o receive_v and_o when_o payable_a you_o may_v present_o look_v over_o your_o bill_n see_v and_o know_v the_o same_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v much_o ease_n very_o convenient_a and_o indeed_o merchanâ—_n like_v and_o i_o have_v know_v it_o practise_v by_o some_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o experience_a merchant_n in_o london_n keep_v or_o return_v bill_n accept_v your_o bill_n thus_o accept_v if_o payable_a to_o yourself_o you_o may_v lay_v up_o by_o you_o in_o your_o countinghouse_n until_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v or_o that_o you_o have_v other_o use_n thereof_o but_o if_o payable_a to_o he_o that_o deliver_v the_o value_n or_o that_o send_v they_o you_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v accept_v than_o you_o must_v therewith_o follow_v his_o order_n either_o in_o keep_v they_o by_o you_o until_o further_a order_n or_o in_o return_v they_o back_o to_o be_v endorse_v and_o it_o may_v be_v to_o take_v in_o the_o value_n thereof_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v likewise_o do_v on_o the_o second_o bill_n if_o he_o have_v it_o by_o he_o and_o so_o assign_v it_o over_o to_o another_o man_n and_o send_v you_o his_o order_n to_o deliver_v the_o accept_a bill_n to_o some_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v the_o second_o bill_n endorse_v payable_a unto_o he_o the_o deliverer_n be_v master_n for_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o party_n which_o first_o deliver_v the_o money_n on_o 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make_v thereupon_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o my_o advice_n be_v that_o the_o receipt_n which_o he_o shall_v take_v for_o the_o money_n by_o he_o pay_v be_v make_v and_o write_v under_o the_o protest_v and_o act_n but_o not_o upon_o the_o original_n accept_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o divers_a reason_n which_o i_o can_v give_v but_o especial_o i_o approve_v of_o a_o receipt_n upon_o the_o protest_v and_o not_o on_o the_o bill_n that_o so_o thereby_o he_o may_v still_o keep_v the_o bill_n free_a as_o not_o be_v satisfy_v by_o those_o who_o it_o particular_o do_v concern_v only_a if_o he_o will_v let_v the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a and_o to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v subscribe_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o a_o blank_a and_o let_v the_o protest_v and_o act_n be_v send_v and_o return_v to_o the_o party_n for_o who_o account_n he_o do_v honour_v the_o bill_n but_o let_v he_o keep_v the_o accept_a bill_n by_o he_o to_o be_v 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in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v expire_v in_o case_n he_o will_v discount_n for_o it_o or_o allow_v he_o some_o consideration_n for_o the_o time_n the_o party_n who_o shall_v so_o pay_v money_n upon_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o it_o be_v due_a run_v in_o some_o danger_n in_o not_o observe_v order_n indeed_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a and_o who_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n at_o all_o by_o receive_v the_o money_n before_o it_o be_v due_a but_o let_v he_o beware_v that_o so_o pay_v it_o for_o if_o the_o money_n or_o parcel_v which_o be_v remit_v be_v real_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o party_n which_o deliver_v the_o same_o by_o exchange_n to_o the_o subscribe_v of_o the_o bill_n and_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o a_o factor_n servant_n agent_n or_o friend_n of_o the_o deliverer_n only_a to_o and_o for_o the_o deliverer_n use_n and_o if_o before_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a the_o deliverer_n do_v send_v his_o countermand_n as_o he_o may_v do_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o such_o his_o factor_n servant_n agent_n or_o friend_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n but_o to_o some_o other_o who_o he_o shall_v appoint_v in_o this_o case_n he_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v aught_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o according_a to_o that_o countermand_n to_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v be_v thereupon_o so_o appoint_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o in_o his_o power_n i_o mean_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o prolong_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n so_o as_o that_o he_o may_v choose_v if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n or_o make_v the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a to_o carry_v any_o long_o for_o it_o neither_o can_v that_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v warrantable_o shorten_v the_o time_n limit_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o bill_n or_o agree_v with_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v to_o pay_v he_o the_o money_n before_o it_o be_v due_a for_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v between_o the_o deliverer_n and_o the_o taker_n and_o respect_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o although_o this_o case_n of_o countermand_n do_v not_o ordinary_o and_o common_o happen_v yet_o it_o may_v happen_v and_o i_o have_v know_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o who_o can_v certain_o assure_v himself_o that_o the_o same_o will_v not_o befall_v he_o in_o his_o payment_n of_o monies_n on_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o it_o be_v due_a for_o my_o part_n the_o advice_n which_o i_o desire_v to_o give_v herein_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o security_n of_o he_o that_o part_n with_o his_o money_n that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o upon_o good_a ground_n and_o so_o may_v be_v warrantable_o discharge_v but_o that_o he_o can_v well_o be_v in_o break_v order_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v never_o advise_v any_o to_o pay_v money_n on_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o they_o be_v due_a second_o bill_n with_o a_o assignment_n if_o a_o second_o unaccept_v bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v send_v to_o you_o from_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a with_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o order_v the_o payment_n to_o make_v to_o yourself_o for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o your_o friend_n or_o factor_n present_o upon_o receipt_n thereof_o you_o must_v present_v or_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v present_v to_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v to_o be_v by_o he_o accept_v unless_o you_o have_v the_o first_o bill_n already_o accept_v if_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v the_o second_o bill_n pretend_v that_o he_o have_v already_o accept_v the_o first_o bill_n to_o another_o man_n unknown_a or_o that_o he_o can_v name_v unto_o you_o or_o if_o you_o can_v be_v actual_o possess_v of_o that_o first_o accept_v bill_n you_o ought_v upon_o refusal_n of_o acceptance_n to_o cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v for_o non-acceptance_n of_o that_o second_o bill_n that_o so_o upon_o send_v away_o the_o protest_v security_n may_v be_v give_v to_o your_o friend_n or_o factor_n that_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o you_o at_o the_o time_n or_o at_o leastwise_o protest_v to_o be_v enter_v for_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v be_v not_o bind_v by_o your_o second_o bill_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o you_o till_o he_o accept_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n unless_o he_o have_v already_o accept_v the_o first_o bill_n and_o the_o same_o be_v in_o your_o custody_n for_o though_o as_o well_o the_o subscribe_v or_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o the_o party_n who_o underwrite_v the_o assignment_n confess_v the_o value_n receive_v and_o likewise_o the_o acceptor_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v all_o of_o they_o liable_a and_o bind_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o all_o immediate_o bind_v either_o to_o the_o deliverer_n or_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a but_o each_o party_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o with_o who_o he_o do_v more_o immediate_o correspond_v as_o i_o have_v more_o particular_o before_o declare_v party_n dead_a which_o accept_v if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v to_o accept_v the_o bill_n and_o then_o if_o he_o shall_v afterward_o happen_v to_o die_v before_o your_o bill_n be_v due_a you_o must_v at_o the_o appoint_a time_n for_o payment_n demand_v the_o money_n of_o his_o executor_n or_o administrator_n at_o his_o mortuary_n house_n or_o last_o dwellinghouse_n or_o place_n of_o abode_n and_o upon_o their_o refusal_n or_o delay_n of_o payment_n you_o must_v protest_v for_o non_fw-fr payment_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o will_v have_v do_v if_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v have_v be_v live_v and_o have_v not_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n party_n dead_a to_o who_o payable_a if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a be_v dead_a at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o fall_v due_a and_o his_o executor_n or_o administrator_n have_v not_o yet_o prove_v the_o will_n nor_o take_v out_o letter_n of_o administration_n nevertheless_o you_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o make_v demand_v of_o the_o money_n at_o the_o just_a time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o if_o you_o offer_v security_n to_o save_v harmless_a against_o the_o executor_n and_o administrator_n of_o the_o decease_a party_n and_o it_o be_v refuse_v
you_o must_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n bill_n without_o assignment_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n send_v to_o you_o to_o get_v to_o be_v accept_v payable_a to_o another_o man_n and_o the_o bill_n be_v accept_v and_o due_a you_o have_v not_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a order_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v unto_o you_o according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n you_o must_v make_v demand_n of_o the_o money_n upon_o that_o accept_a bill_n without_o a_o assignment_n and_o you_o must_v offer_v to_o give_v security_n to_o save_v harmless_a against_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a and_o all_o other_o and_o if_o your_o proffer_n be_v refuse_v you_o must_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n no_o such_o man_n to_o be_v find_v if_o your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v suppose_v to_o nathaniel_n q._n merchant_n in_o london_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v inquire_v on_o the_o royal_a exchange_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o city_n for_o such_o a_o merchant_n and_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o find_v he_o out_o or_o any_o body_n that_o know_v he_o or_o that_o indeed_o there_o be_v none_o of_o that_o name_n in_o london_n than_o you_o must_v carry_v your_o bill_n to_o a_o notary_n public_a and_o he_o must_v protest_v thereupon_o in_o due_a form_n no_o body_n at_o home_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v send_v you_o to_o get_v accept_v and_o there_o be_v no_o body_n at_o home_n at_o the_o house_n or_o place_n of_o abode_n of_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v or_o if_o when_o your_o bill_n be_v due_a you_o can_v meet_v the_o party_n at_o home_n nor_o any_o one_o else_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o his_o behalf_n you_o must_v cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v either_o for_o non-acceptance_n or_o nonpayment_n at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n or_o lodging_n in_o his_o absence_n which_o be_v as_o effectual_a according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n be_v make_v in_o seasonable_a time_n as_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v make_v speak_v to_o he_o in_o person_n for_o you_o can_v be_v bind_v it_o be_v beyond_o your_o power_n to_o make_v he_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v abide_v at_o home_n but_o in_o reason_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o attend_v his_o own_o business_n at_o seasonable_a hour_n and_o it_o concern_v he_o to_o keep_v a_o good_a correspondence_n with_o his_o friend_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o he_o can_v be_v ignorant_a no_o avoid_v a_o protest_v and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o no_o protest_v can_v be_v make_v legal_o but_o in_o speak_v to_o the_o party_n himself_o a_o protest_v may_v be_v prevent_v at_o pleasure_n but_o it_o lie_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o he_o on_o who_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o hinder_v the_o protest_v of_o the_o bill_n if_o not_o by_o he_o accept_v and_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o figure_n and_o word_n disagree_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n though_o write_v in_o few_o word_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n yet_o be_v of_o great_a weight_n and_o concern_v in_o point_n of_o trade_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v write_v very_o plain_a and_o legible_a and_o without_o any_o blot_n mend_v or_o alter_v any_o word_n thereof_o that_o so_o there_o may_v not_o arise_v any_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n in_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o merchant_n do_v usual_o write_v the_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v as_o well_o in_o figure_n as_o in_o word_n at_o length_n as_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o several_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n contain_v in_o this_o treatise_n and_o if_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o through_o inadvertency_n or_o otherwise_o that_o the_o figure_n and_o the_o word_n at_o length_n of_o the_o sum_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v upon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v not_o agree_v together_o if_o either_o the_o figure_n do_v mention_v more_o and_o the_o word_n less_o or_o the_o figure_n do_v specify_v less_o and_o the_o word_n more_o in_o either_o or_o in_o any_o such_o case_n you_o ought_v to_o observe_v and_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o the_o word_n at_o length_n and_o not_o in_o figure_n until_o further_a order_n be_v have_v concern_v the_o same_o because_o a_o man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o commit_v a_o error_n with_o his_o pen_n in_o write_v a_o figure_n than_o in_o write_v a_o word_n and_o also_o because_o the_o figure_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bill_n do_v only_o as_o it_o be_v serve_v as_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o a_o breviat_fw-la thereof_o but_o the_o word_n at_o length_n be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a substance_n thereof_o whereunto_o special_a regard_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v and_o though_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o sum_n mention_v in_o figure_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n and_o the_o sum_n mention_v in_o figure_n in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v agree_v yet_o if_o the_o word_n at_o length_n in_o the_o same_o bill_n do_v differ_v you_o ought_v to_o follow_v the_o order_n mention_v in_o word_n at_o length_n in_o the_o bill_n and_o not_o the_o order_n in_o figure_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v a_o name_n mend_v or_o interline_v if_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a chance_v to_o be_v mend_v or_o interline_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o same_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o person_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v though_o it_o be_v a_o error_n and_o just_o to_o be_v reprove_v especial_o in_o merchant_n which_o indeed_o do_v seldom_o happen_v yet_o the_o same_o can_v be_v a_o sufficient_a excuse_n for_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v it_o or_o any_o legal_a warrant_n for_o he_o to_o refuse_v payment_n thereof_o at_o the_o time_n unto_o the_o party_n who_o name_n be_v mend_v or_o interline_v in_o the_o bill_n or_o unto_o his_o order_n by_o his_o assignment_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v so_o mend_v before_o it_o be_v accept_v and_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o he_o or_o his_o assign_v for_o he_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o error_n when_o he_o accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o have_v satisfy_v himself_o therein_o before_o he_o accept_v it_o if_o he_o say_v it_o have_v be_v mend_v or_o interline_v since_o he_o accept_v it_o he_o must_v prove_v that_o bill_n payable_a positive_o to_o such_o a_o man._n but_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a positive_o to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o not_o to_o such_o a_o man_n or_o his_o assign_v or_o order_n than_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n will_v not_o serve_v turn_n but_o the_o money_n must_v be_v immediate_o pay_v to_o such_o a_o man_n in_o person_n and_o he_o must_v be_v know_v to_o be_v the_o same_o man_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o so_o the_o money_n may_v not_o be_v pay_v to_o a_o wrong_a person_n and_o the_o acceptor_n force_v to_o pay_v it_o twice_o and_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a positive_o to_o such_o a_o man_n as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v such_o a_o man_n name_n write_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n in_o blank_a be_v no_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o another_o man_n to_o come_v as_o in_o his_o name_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n but_o the_o man_n himself_o to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a must_v appear_v in_o person_n bill_n without_o direction_n in_o case_n a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v come_v without_o a_o direction_n on_o it_o that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v not_o direct_v to_o any_o man_n only_o the_o drawer_n have_v set_v his_o name_n to_o it_o but_o not_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n on_o who_o he_o design_v to_o charge_v it_o yet_o if_o in_o his_o letter_n of_o advice_n to_o his_o friend_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a or_o to_o who_o it_o be_v send_v to_o get_v accept_v the_o bill_n be_v mention_v to_o be_v draw_v on_o such_o a_o man_n name_v a_o man_n name_n this_o friend_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v aught_o to_o present_v the_o bill_n to_o that_o man_n to_o be_v accept_v according_a to_o advice_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o direct_v to_o he_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v aught_o to_o make_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n for_o he_o protest_v against_o the_o drawer_n in_o not_o have_v take_v sufficient_a care_n that_o the_o bill_n may_v be_v accept_v by_o some_o body_n according_a
merchant_n and_o so_o his_o credit_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o any_o dilemma_n or_o demur_n in_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o letter_n as_o for_o the_o plain_a meaning_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o merchant_n himself_o to_o be_v responsible_a for_o the_o same_o that_o the_o merchant_n do_v mention_n or_o recite_v something_o or_o other_o particular_o which_o have_v happen_v in_o some_o former_a affair_n or_o deal_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o depend_v between_o they_o or_o at_o least_o the_o date_n of_o his_o last_o letter_n now_o in_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n he_o that_o write_v it_o make_v use_v of_o his_o credit_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o concern_v in_o his_o way_n of_o trade_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o his_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o repay_v what_o shall_v be_v so_o furnish_v but_o in_o the_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n he_o who_o write_v the_o letter_n do_v it_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n himself_o or_o to_o be_v employ_v for_o his_o own_o use_n but_o for_o the_o use_n and_o accommodation_n of_o some_o other_o man_n at_o who_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a and_o do_v write_v his_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o ordinary_a for_o he_o at_o who_o entreaty_n the_o letter_n be_v write_v at_o the_o writing_n and_o upon_o receipt_n thereof_o to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n or_o otherwise_o to_o the_o merchant_n that_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o repayment_n to_o he_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v of_o all_o such_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v receive_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n for_o the_o merchant_n by_o his_o letter_n stand_v sufficient_o bind_v to_o his_o correspondent_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o he_o for_o who_o the_o letter_n be_v grant_v shall_v give_v as_o it_o be_v his_o counterbond_n for_o repayment_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v for_o monies_n take_v up_o by_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v run_v in_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o several_a towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o treatise_n as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n in_o regard_n each_o man_n know_v best_a his_o own_o occasion_n induce_v he_o thereunto_o whereof_o the_o letter_n must_v chief_o consist_v i_o shall_v wave_v it_o and_o only_o set_v down_o the_o form_n of_o a_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n which_o may_v be_v as_o follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 29._o of_o february_n 1654._o mr._n william_n m._n sir_n my_o last_o to_o you_o be_v of_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n wherein_o i_o write_v you_o what_o needful_a in_o answer_n to_o you_o of_o the_o 7_o of_o the_o same_o month_n this_o serve_v chief_o to_o desire_v you_o to_o furnish_v and_o pay_v to_o mr._n john_n g._n english_a gentleman_n to_o the_o value_n of_o two_o thousand_o crown_n at_o one_o or_o more_o time_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n and_o desire_v the_o same_o of_o you_o take_v his_o receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n which_o you_o shall_v so_o furnish_v he_o with_o and_o put_v it_o to_o my_o account_n and_o this_o my_o letter_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o so_o do_v vale._n you_o thomas_n p._n to_o mr._n william_n m._n merchant_n at_o paris_n such_o a_o letter_n as_o this_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v open_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o then_o the_o merchant_n that_o write_v this_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v usual_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o or_o by_o his_o next_o letter_n which_o he_o shall_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v who_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o take_v receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o 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exchange_n send_v you_o from_o france_n the_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o london_n and_o your_o bill_n be_v remit_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o crown_n at_o such_o or_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o know_v how_o much_o you_o must_v receive_v here_o in_o sterling_a money_n you_o must_v first_o bring_v your_o french_a crown_n into_o penny_n sterling_a at_o the_o price_n or_o rate_n set_v down_o in_o your_o bill_n and_o then_o bring_v your_o penny_n into_o pound_n and_o you_o have_v your_o desire_n as_o for_o example_n if_o your_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v 250_o crown_n at_o 56¼_n d._n per_fw-la crown_n first_o multiply_v the_o 250_o crown_n by_o 56_o d._n this_o make_v 14000_o penny_n whereunto_o add_v for_o the_o ¼_n 62½_n penny_n because_o 62½_n be_v the_o ¼_n part_n of_o 250_o and_o it_o will_v make_v 14062½_n sterling_a and_o divide_v the_o 14062_o by_o 240_o d._n because_o 240_o d._n make_v a_o pound_n sterling_a and_o it_o will_v produce_v 58_o pound_n 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law_n of_o merchant_n and_o enough_o to_o guide_v any_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o what_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v publish_v by_o any_o which_o i_o will_v aver_v and_o justify_v direction_n concern_v the_o two_o ensue_a table_n the_o first_o table_n be_v for_o any_o year_n except_o leap-year_n the_o second_o table_n be_v for_o leap-year_n only_o which_o happen_v every_o four_o year_n as_o namely_o anno_fw-la 1700_o 1704_o 1708_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o either_o of_o these_o table_n i_o have_v put_v the_o new_a style_n or_o the_o roman_a account_n of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a account_n and_o i_o have_v place_v the_o english_a account_n or_o old_a style_n in_o the_o second_o column_n and_o so_o again_o the_o new_a style_n in_o the_o three_o column_n and_o our_o english_a style_n in_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o the_o left-hand_a to_o the_o right_n every_o odd_a 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