long since been in the Low-countreys and there served a Volunteer against the French at his return for Italy he was an earnest suiter to King Philip to whom he delivered his son Alexander that he would please to restore him the Castle of Piacenza kept as yet with a Spanish Garrison The King though he resolved not to grant his suit yet lest the Prince should return discontented whom by long experience he had found faithfull and serviceable to the Crown of Spain in his command against Herecules the French Generall in the War of Italy and the obedience of whose Cisalpine Countreys would greatâ—y advantage Spain conferred the Government of the Low-countreys and Burgundy upon his wife acquainting the Duke with it as if he did it for his sake assuring himself whilest those Provinces which he looked upon with so much love and care were in his absence committed to the Farnezes they would rest well contented with so high an argument of confidence and affection Nor did Octavio sleight the favour nay as it often happens that a present bounty is the step to a future rise he hoped by the tie of this Government every day more to endear his Majestie to his Sister and to the House of the Farnezes The King lessened not that hope which he knew would serve to make the Farnezes intentive to the Government of the Low-countreys for by how much the Governess might advance his interest in the Low-countreys as well because of her Religion as her Prudence so much the gladder he was to have such Pledges from them The King therefore not onely kept his son Alexander to aw the mother but he thought it concerned him to give the father hope of the Castle of Piacenza well knowing some mens natures are more obliged by receiving one then many benefits Margaret Dutchesse of Parma and Piacenza Daughter to Charles the 5th Governesse of the Lowcountreys His Majesty having thus instructed the Governess and assigned her an Annuall persion of thirty six thousand Crowns to encrease the publick joy in the assemblie of the Estates at Gant he created eleven Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece in their places that were deceased for so many wanted to make up fifty one the number to which Charles the fifth had multiplied the Order whereas Duke Philip the Founder at first onely instituted twenty five and after added six to make up the number one and thirty Lastly the King appointed a time to hear the Petitions of the Deputies to the Estates Where Granvel in the Kings name made a speech to them answered by Borlutius of Gant Speaker for the Estates Granvell gave reasons for the Kings going into Spain Declared Margaret Dutchess of Parma under the Kings Majestie Supreme Governess of the Low-countreys and Burgundy she then sitting by the King Disputed for the Old Religion against Hereticks that corrupted it And in the first place earnestly commended the protection and observance of Religion to the Governess till his Majestie should return to the Low-countreys Borlutius after he had presented the Estates humble thanks and promises of obedience to the King and Governess delivered the Heads of their desires That his Maiestie by the example of his Father the Emperour would please to call out of the Low-countreys all forrein forces and use none but their own Coâ—ntrey Garrisons nor admit of any Alien to sit in the Great Councel The King giving them fair hopes promised to with-draw the forrein souldiers that remained for he had already freed them of the maior part within foure moneths next ensuing So dissolving the Assembly all his business in the Low-countreys being now dispatched From Gant he passed to Zelanâ— and weighing anchors from the port of Ulâ—â—hen in the moneth of August made a happy voyage into Spain The Governess the Dutchess of Parma and the Duke of Savoy having waited on the King aboard the Duke with his Princely Bride tooke leave for Italy Her Excellence retired to Bruxels the ancient seat of the Belgick Princes and in September one thousand five hundred fiftie and nine began her Government over the Low-countreys The End of the first Book The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The second Book KIng Philips departure from the Low-Countreys fell out very inconvenient for that new condition of affairs For every change in Cities and Kingdomes like young trees when they are transplanted had need of present looking to till we be sure they have taken root Doubtless it had been farre better for the Netherlands if the King so the necessities of Spain would have permitted had stayed there for some time till he had seen at a nearer distance the course and motions of things which he had altered in those parts And not to have taken them upon trust from others uncertain relations For many times the water changes the tast by running long and severall wayes under ground nor can he that drinks it a farre off judge of it so well as he that sits at the spring head and hath it from the fountain Truly the King had with more certainty looked into the designes of men and consequently the misfortune had been less which after he left them involved the Low-Countreys in a difficult and tedious warre And as when his father Charles went into Germany to be crowned Emperour the Spaniards immediately took up arms against his Lieutenants so the Low-Countreymen when K. Philip went for Spain to take possession of his Kingdome after they had kept a foot a civill war between them and their governours at last the confederate Provinces fell off from their obedience to their Prince The causes of which evils I being now to represent I must confess I never read of any tumult or war whose originall was so variously and contradictorily reported by the People and written by Historians I believe that some when they found the reasons that went currant for causes of this war fat too weak for the raising of so great commotions they themselves guessed at others that rather agreed with the writers wit then the truth of history Some again have framed causes according to their factions and religions passing over all those in silence that made against their party Others not so much to cozen the Reader as being cozened themselves with the shew of pretended causes ignorant how much Causes and Beginnings differ have failed to clear the originals of these differences When an Historian is obliged first to inform himself of the beginnings of Peace and War or of Seditions and what their grounds and causes were and in the next place to inform his Readers lest they not understanding the difference of causes and beginnings should judge amiss of actions and events and so History the mistress of wisdome become the handmaid of errour Nor was it an idle dispute among the ancient Historians what was the ground of the warre wherein
out of fashion Truly that Religion was not much to be regarded when Authority was to be acquired or established are the words of his own letter to Alençon Brother to the French King part whereof in its due place I shall insert This it was thought he learned in the villanous school of Machiavel whose Books he seriously studied as Granvel affirms in his Letter from Spain directed to Alexander Prince of Parma William of Nassau furnished with these Arts how he imployed them in exasperating the minds of the Low-countrey men I shall now briefly open He was hostage as I have formerly said to Henry the second of France Hunting with the King they fell into that discourse which he speaks of in his Defence against his Proscription published by King Philip wherein he glories in the discovery which he made of the plot betwixt him and King Henry who letting fall some words of the grand Designe but abruptly and obscurely lest perhaps he might reveal it to one that was not of counsel with them the Prince of Orange as he himself sayes to wyer-draw the whole business out of the King takes upon him to have been long privy to the plot which the King easily believes thinking the Prince in great esteem with his Master and seeing him his hostage there He therefore freely tells him that by the Spanish Embassadour the Duke of Alva King Philip agreed with him to destroy all the families of the new Religion which he was to see done in France and King Philip in the Low-countreys in which he likewise had erected a constant Tribunal where matters of Faith should be tried which would be as good as his Forts to keep his people in obedience The Prince of Orange finding the designe which he knew to be King Philips return'd into the Low-countreys There when he saw the Dutchess of Parma made Governess and Granvel joyned with her the number of Bishops increased and Inquisitors of Faith to be brought in he conceived this to be the designe which King Henry had discovered to him And when he perceived that these new Decrees had filled the Cities with fears and jealousies and that no part of the State looked cheerfull he resolved to make use of the opportunity supposing that if he should feed the beginnings of these discontents on his part as many already corrupted with heresie would do on theirs that he should undoubtedly elude the designes of the Spanish And now that he had some little glimmering of an exspectation and began to form great plots to bring all his aims to their desired ends thus he set them a work The King at Gant called a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece in whose Creation because all authority was not in the King as Master of the Order but in the joynt-votes of his Companions that some might be chosen which hated the King I suppose Monting and Hochstrat the Prince of Orange took a great deal of pains solicited and prevailed with his Colleagues to promise him their severall suffrages And both these Lords now obliged he meant hereafter as purchased by this favour to make use of Besides when the Cities mutinied as I have told you because Spanish Garrisons were left upon the frontiers he privately inflamed their fury and argued with his friends of the pride of those forrein souldiers that under colour of defending the Borders laboured to put a yoke upon free Cities Withall he commended the loyaltie of the Low-countreymen which notwithstanding suffered for that strangers were preferred before them And put it in their heads that the Estates who were then to be summoned should with great earnestness petition the King that his Spanish souldiers might be disbanded by his Fathers example who never had any Garrisons in the Low-countreys but of Low-countrey men which accordingly the States were suiters for with great noise and clamour And at that time the King promised to satisfie them by word of mouth which afterward he really performed the Prince of Orange much glorying in it who in his Letters professed himself to have been the authour of sending away the Spaniards and that by this act which he accounted an eternal honour to him and his Colleagues he brought two things about the one that he freed his Countrey from slavery the other that he opened they are his own words the way to Religion Onely to his and their Crown of glory this was wanting that as they had turned the Spaniards out of the Low-countreys so they had not shut the door upon them locked it fast guarded the Passe and kept them from all hope of ever coming back again Yet he doubted not but as he had purged a great part of the Netherlands of them so as they could call nothing there their own but the bones and ashes of their Countreymen in like manner he should quickly bring to effect or at least endeavour it that they should all be banished out of the seventeen Provinces and being compelled to return to their own Countrey should at last suffer the Low Dutch to enjoy the liberty of their fortunes bodies and souls Nor was he less active against the designe of introducing new Bishops which by the spirit of Calvin he used to call hangmen brought in to flea and burn mankind And to that end he applied himself to the Abbots some of which instructed at private conferences and emboldened against the fear of any Magistrate were for a great while his principall instruments of discord But he had not better success in any thing then in defeating the Emperours Edicts and the Kings proclamations For as nothing more amazed the people then the name of the Inquisition so the Prince of Orange in that fright aggravating their fears and jealousies telling them of the breach of Priviledge the tyranny of the Spaniards the slavery of the Low-countrey men most of them vain surmizes but yet working in minds inclined to suspicion It is hardly credible what an odium he brought upon the Inquisition how he turned the Peoples hearts from the King and made them hate the Spaniards So that many being perswaded the freedome of their Nation would be lost if this went on would assoon have let into their cities the Enemies of their Countrey as the Inquisitours of Faith The Prince of Orange glad of this successe and being as I have said inraged at Granvels power absolutely resolved to joyn with the People and the Hereticks who he knew hated Granvel and he was glad they did so At length new and far more implacable tumults rising every where in the Low-countreyes when the Duke of Alva was Governour the bolder the people grew who then refused their pardons offered by some Governours of Cities and publickly renounced their allegiance the more high-hearted grew the Prince of Orange His hopes which hitherto were uncertain and farr off now came near and courted him So
of Portugall by his Mothers side being Sonn to Isabella and therefore Nephew to Emmanuel but he himself almost twenty years before married into this Family to Mary Daughter to Iohn the third and Niece to Emmanuel It was therefore thought an high honour to the Farneze's that one of King Emmanuels Nieces should be married to King Philip and the other to Alexander Prince of Parma Especially because She and King Philip were Brothers and Sisters children and Mary of Portugal was in the same degree of bloud both to King Philip and his Queen besides by her Mother she was of the noble familiy of the Briganzes which had often match'd with the Bloud-royall of Portugal and kept a House like a Kings Court But Prince Alexander was farre more in love with the Beautie and Virtue of the Ladie then with the Merits of all her Ancestours The fame of this Princely Virgin was spread through Spain and most deservingly for she had such an understanding that it was reported there was nothing she did not comprehend She spake Latine fluently and very well She was a pretty good Grecian not ignorant of Philosophy and excellent in the Mathematicks So versed in Scripture that she could readily turn to any Text in the Old or New Testament But above all she was admired for innocency and holiness of life Nothing pleased her so much in her hours of retirement as the contemplation of things Divine And in her familiar discourse she often quoted short Maxims out of the Bible or the Fathers wherewith in the day time while she was at work she sweetly offered up her heart to God Indeed she never put her hand to sowing either needle-work or imbroyderie but onely to adorn the Altar and for the use of the poor that she might in both adorn and cover Christ himself Touching her modesty she was not onely carefull but proud of it and said Though women were to conceal their other virtues yet they might glory in their Chastity Therefore she forbare all publick Shews and Entertainments as often as her Parents and the King her Uncle would dispense with her absence And in readding of the Poets though she was very much taken with their wit yet she looked upon them with great fear lest she might encounter any amorous passages and once when she had took up Francesco Petrarch and had run over a few of his Verses she threw him out of her hands For the same reason she could not be induced to let any Courtier lead her or to lean upon their arms or shoulders the common garb of great Ladies either out of pride or to be the better supported going in high Chopines These and many other virtues commended the Match with Mary Princess of Portugal The Governess therefore loosing no time after her Sonn Alexanders coming sent the Royall Fleet well manned to sea and made Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt a great Commander Admirall sending with a noble train of Lords and Ladies onely the Count himself with his Lady Mary of Momorancy sister to Count Horn and his sonn Charles Mansfeld Weighing Anchors from Vlushen in August about the beginning of September he arrived at Lisbon and not long after the Bride attended by many of the Portugall Nobility went aboard but would not suffer them to hoyst sail till she had sent for the Portugeses a shipboard and desired a Priest of the Societie who used to preach to her and to hear her Confession that he would arm her and the company with some Exhortations as an Antidote to preserve them from Heresie that had poisoned the Low-countreys whither they were bound Which being accordingly performed by that eloquent and religious man with a fair gale of wind they failed out of the Port. But when they were upon the main the billows on a sudden growing angry swelled they knew not why and the storm increasing the other ships being scattered onely one fell foul upon the Admirall that carried Princess Mary and having sprung many leaks the poor ship was left a miserable spectacle the sea almost devouring her in their sight and within hearing But Princess Mary moved with the piteous cries and lifted-up-hands of the wretched drowning people pâ—esently called the Admirall Count Mansfield and prayed him to vere to them and take in as many men and women as he could possibly before the Vessel sunk and 〈◊〉 many Christians should be cast away whilest she looked on The Aâ—mirall told her it could not be done without endangering her Highness and the whole ship The Marriners affirmed the same particularly the Master an excellent Pilot but unskilfull in that Art of Navigation which is directed by Divine hope Then said the Princess But I mark what my mind presages do hope in God if we do our best to help them that he will so graciously accept our endeavours as it will please him of his Goodness to help us all And this she spake with such a sense of Piety and so sweet a look that the Admirall durst not oppose her but gave order for the ship to succour them which struggling and crowding through the furious waves at last came near them and putting out her long Boat opportunely saved them all but the ship it self out of which they escaped having obeyed the Princesses command a little while after sunk before their faces onely one man being lost in her Nay the very hour that Princess Mary by Divine inspiration said her mind presaged they should do well the rage of the winds abaited and the scattered Fleet came together again Though within a few dayes a new storm rising drave them upon the unhappy Coast of Britain and forced them to put in at an English Harbour Where whilst they lay for a wind Count Mansfoldt thought it a fitting Civility to send some Noble person to present her service to the Queen of England in whose Dominions they remained But Princess Mary would not she said hold any correspondence with the Enemies of the Church And though others pressed her to it very much affirming that she might safely upon such an occasion interchange common courtesies she was constant to her first resolve adding that it was safest for her self and best for the example of others Yet beyond all exspectation at the same time she courted a noble hereticall Lady that came among a multitude of the English to see the fleet For Princesse Mary casting an eye upon her and two fine boyes her sonnes which she brought with her entertained her in a very friendly manner and finding by her discourse that she was the Mother of many more children she importuned the Lady to bestow these two upon her promising that she her self would be such a Mother to them as it should not repent her of the change This she did because as she her self professed she was not able to suffer such a pair of young Innocents that looked like Angels being
of his Embassadour at Vienna intreating his Imperiall Majestie for the nearness of their love and bloud to assist with his authority those levies But the Emperour because he had heard that the Governess and the confederate Gentlemen were now agreed commending the wisdome of that policy diswaded the King from those Arms and Levies Perhaps because the Turk then threatning him he could not spare so many men perhaps because he thought it an honour to be the Arbiter and Composer of other Princes quarrels Therefore in his Letters to the Governess the Emperour promised her his endeavours if any thing was yet uncomposed And wrote likewise to the Covenanters to this effect That he was much troubled to hear of their difference with the Governess and of the stirres that daily followed thereupon which because they were in the confine of the Empire in the Dominion of the King his Uncle in Provinces so much by him esteemed it concerned the Majesty of the Empire that he should by his assistance and authority assert the obedience of the Subiectâ— to their Prince That he hoped these his endeavours would be acceptable to the Catholick King and he was sure they would be safe for the Confederates Therefore he advised them in the interim to attempt no Innovation but as Allegiance bound them to compell the tumultuous people to be quiet This Letter and divers more of the same subject written to the Lords the Emperour sent the Governess to read and as it should be needfull to deliver But the Governess sending copies of them to the King a good while exspected his Answer till the stirres daily encreasing her Excellence receiving new commands from his Majestie to levy forrein forces gave thanks to the Emperour Maximiilian letting him know that the present condition of affairs was such as no capitulation could be made with an armed Faction without arms Wherefore dispatching the Kings letters to the Electours of the Empire and others especially to those that were to raise the men she beseeched the Emperour that the Assistance which he had graciously offered in the Low-countreys he would please to perform among the Germane Princes and the Commanders there which would be now more opportune and a farre greater favour to the King And truly the Emperour did not onely this but likewise by Edict prohibited and made it death for any Germane to bear arms against the King of Spain Which among divers others how deeply it was resented by the Prince of Orange though otherwise subtil and close he expressed at table wine laying open the secrets of his heart For being invited by Gresser Agent for the Queen of England after he had drunk soundly the Prince began in great fury to inveigh against the Emperours Edict That the Emperour and the King and whosoever was of their opinion deceived themselves that not onely the Germans would take arms but a great sort of other Nations bordering upon the Empire That the Danes the Swedes and many others would not be wanting which both would and could help the confederate Low-countreymen Thus threatning in his rage after supper he was mollified with a song But the Letters which I have mentioned sent from the King and the Governess to the Princes of Germany were by them diversly answered The Electours of Trier and Mentz did much approve of the Kings designe against the Rebels and disturbers of the Catholick Religion promising their assistance as befitted good friends and neighbours both Princes of the Empire and allies unto his Majesty they would therefore give free passage through all their Towns and Jurisdictions to such forces as upon this occasion should with the Emperours consent be raised The like promises were made by the rest of the Catholick Bishops in Germanie The Duke of Bavaria added that all men were bound by force of Arms to oppose such tumults that as plagues laid cities desolate and he desired his Majestie would be very vigilant in it Farre different expressions were returned from the hereticall Princes for the Landtgrave of Hessen and the Duke of Wirtemberg excusing themselves in point of Religion which would not suffer them to prejudice those of their own Profession advised the Governess to seek redress without arms onely by allowing the Confession of Auspurg and Liberty of conscience But the Count Palatine Frederick the third who declared himself Defendour of the new Faith in Germany wrote the most confident and longest letter of them all For he not onely pleaded to the Governess the cause of the Low-countrey men and maintained their innocence but defying the Bishop of Rome the veneration of holy Images and the tyrannie of the Inquisitours concluded that Religion bound him not to oppose his brethren professing the Faith of Ausburg and the pure word of God The Landtgrave of Hessen and the Palsgrave not thus contented perswaded the Duke of Brunswick not to engage in a warre undertaken merely for Religion and not to accept the Command of horse offered to him Notwithstanding he took it nor did any other Commander invited by the King refuse his Commission but onely Iohn of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange Nor did Charles the ninth of France requested by the Governess fail to declare himself enemy to these insurrections commanding by Proclamation that none of his subjects should presume to assist the Rebels of the Low-countreys with relation as I conceive to the mutuall promise of Assistance made at Baion and particularly fearing if the Hereticks should be masters of the Netherlands France would be overflowed with the same filthy sink I am certain King Philip sent him letters full of thanks and likewise signified to the Governess his Intention presently to begin his voyage for which all things being now in readiness he onely wanted health for his quartane Ague had not yet left him though he meant not to exspect a perfect Recovery but to go forthwith to Madrid that having setled his affairs he might from thence contemning any danger to his life pass over into the Low-countreys This which was likewise by Bergen and Montiny writ from Spain in cypher began to be believed The minds of many were exceedingly troubled at the news insomuch as the Prince of Orange his brother Lewis the Counts Egmont Hochstrat and Horn met at Dendermund betwixt Antwerp and Gant to communicate the intelligence which every one of them had received concerning the Kings coming and thereupon to advise what generall course was to be held Though this meeting was appointed and came together with all secresie yet the industrious Governess knew all their proceedings And as multitudes of spies alwayes attend a Jealous Prince there wanted not that kind of men Eves-droppers and Hocus-Pocuses the summe of whose life is to know and not to be known which pryed into all their secret consultations and resolutions And as farre as she could understand the
fifth perceived when after the Resignment of his Kingdomes returning out of the Lowcountryes into Spaine he grieved exceedingly to see the Nature and Education of his Grandchild then but eleuen yeares old But King Philip having tryed many Remedyes at last made experience of the Vniversity of Alcala sending his Son Charles thither accompained with Don Iohn of Austria and Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma in hope that conversing with such a confluence of learned men as his body by the change of ayre so his mind might recover by the change of Company but Prince Charles being removed from his Father not from himselfe the sicknesse of his mind altered not with the Place but somewhat increased by an accident for falling form a high Ladder he pitched upon his Head and hurt his braine so dangerously as the Physicians despairing of his life they were ready to lay him out when the Body of the blessed Didacus being brought into his Chamber as he was a dying King Philip who had come post from Madrid vowed that if the already beatified Didacus recovered the Prince he would be an earnest Suiter to the Pope to give him the title of Saint Whereupon immediately beyond all expectation he was restored to life But this wrought no cure upon the Manners of the phantastique youth altogether differing from his Father Which made King Philip more harsh towards him and the Prince better pleased with any thing then his Fathers Sight This Aversenesse grew as the Prince did and the King dayly more offended and distrustfull of his Son from time to time put off the Match concluded beweene Prince Charles and the emperour Maximilianâ—s Daughter forbidding him to meddle with Affayres of State in that point of time when the Prince thought it but a modest Ambition for a youth of twentie two to expect the Crown From hence sprung his Hatred to his Father's Favourites and Counsellours which he thought were Spyes over him and told all he did to the King advising his Majesty to deferre the Match and to lay Commands upon him not to act in publique businesse for which hee somtimes threatened them with Revenge From hence likewise sprung his Favour and Patronage of such as hee knew had offended his Father and were by him deserted especially the Low-countrymen whose Embassadours the Marquesse of Bergen and the Lord Montiny were very gratious with him and often privately called into his Bedchamber and it is reported he defended their Cause more passionately then became him making them a Promise that he would himselfe goe into the Low-countreys to settle those Provinces And whereas the Governesse formerly complained to the King that many Letters of high concernement written to his Majesty in Spaine were returned into the Low-countreys to their hands against whom they were written I thinke it not improbable that it might proceed from that Familiarity betwene the Prince and the Low-country-Embassadours Sure I am when the Duke of Alva being to goe for the Low-countreys tooke his leaue at Court and came to kisse the Prince's Hand his Highnesse cast a terrible frown upon him and replyed No man should go thither but himselfe And when Alva said that he was sent before by the King to quiet the Tumults raised in the Lowcountreys where it was not safe to venture the Heire apparent to the Crowne The Prince in a rage drew his Dagger saying I will prevent thy Iourney The Duke hardly declined the Blow and when he saw the furious youth strike at him againe grasped him hard betwene his Armes in the posture of a suppliant kneeling and beseeching him not to offer Violence to an old and faithfull Servant but still notwithstanding his youth and fury the Duke held his Hands till the noise of their Strugling brought in the Waiters that were but on the other side the Hangings then the Prince withdrew From this time he resolved whether his Father would or no to passe into the Low-countreys and from thence to Germany to his Mistris acquainting his vncle Don Iohn of Austria and two others with his Resolution earnestly desiring them to go along Don Iohn shewing him how difficult it was and indeed impossible to be effected when he saw his perswasions wrought not and found the Prince obstinately bent upon the voiage imagining the King would know it by some other to whom the rash inconsiderate youth would impart his Counsell he himselfe ingaged the King by the Discovery fearing if he kept it secret he might be held accessary to the Princes Flight The King commending Don Iohn's Fidelity and being informed of his Son's Intention by many others and lastly by Raymont De Tassis his Majesty's Principall Secretary hearing that he had layed Horses at severall Stages for the Speeding of his Iourney remained in a sad suspence yet before he would fix his resolution his Majesty commanded Prayers and Supplcations to be made in all Churches of the Towne and desired the Advise of certaine great learned men well knowne unto him The Opinion of Martin Azpilcueta Doctour of Navâ—rre the famous Casuist for this of all the rest I have only seene was briefely that the King could not without grievous sinne neglect the safety of his Kingdome but it would be neglected if he permitted the Prince to go away who afarre off and therefore more confidently and and publiquely handying against his Father would distract the Kingdome into Factions and Partyes just as it hapned to Charles the seventh of France upon the difference betweene him and his Son Lewis when he fled into Burgundy But the Father was put out of his doubts by his Sons hast who as Raymond brought word had appointed the next day for his Departure Therefore the King would no longer deliberate but taking a long the Prince of Ebora the Duke of Feria and two others about tewlve a clock at night entred his Son's Bedchamber who was fast asleepe and taking away his Sword which he had laid under his Pillow baâ—e him rise immediately and blaming him that having frustrated so many gentle Remedies used by his Father he had forced him to a sharper course but more seasonable for his Son he opened his Cabinets and tooke out his papers discharged his old Servants and gave the Prince in custody to some of his owne chusing And now the unfortunate Prince who but a while since was continually waited on by the Lords and Grandees of Spaine striving to kisse his Hand seeing himselfe guarded by a few men and those Enemies that observed his words his looks and almost dived into his Thoughts after six Months when he found his Father not moved with Embassages in his behalfe from the Princes of Europe and Petitions presented from his own Kingdomes falling into a Sicknesse caused partly by an obstinate Refusall of his Meate partly by his sometimes intemperate eating and drinking Wine too much cooled in Snow
and the Navarines sallying out but with losse beat back were thought to be upon the point of yielding When the Turks either by the connivence or ignorance of Prince Alexander's Souldiers put in men by night and relieved the Garrison Besides the Turkish horse and foot coming from al quarters Prince Alexander fearing they would block up his retreat and not hoping to take the Castle thought it enough in his enemies sight to retire with his Cannon to the Fleet. And Don Iohn since the Turkish Navy shunning a general Battell could by no affront be provoked to sea contented to have struct a terrour into the enemy and forced them to confesse themselves not able to appear upon the Main the mindes as well as the Fleet of the Christians being divided he went to Sicily the rest to other places Thus was Alexander Farneze initiated in war which as it begat an opinion both among those great Souldiers and Princes absent specially the successour to Pope Pius Gregory and King Philip of Spain that he would prove a gallant General so afterward it moved the King of his own accord to call him where the war was most dangerous into the Low-countreys For his Majesty pressed with the Low-countrey-mens daily complaints against Don Iohn of Austria and very desirous to quiet the Netherlands without Arms that weaken even the Conquerour himself he resolved to satisfie the desires of the Provinces and in his Brothers place to substitute his Sister Margaret of Austria with her Son Alexander Farneze Hoping either by her prudence and power with the Low-countrey-men to find out some expedient towards the concluding of a Peace or by his valour if there was use of Arms strongly to pursue the war Therefore he ordered it that Cardinall Granvell then at Rome should perswade his sister of Parma to return into the Low-countreys The Cardinall taking a journey to Aquila found there very opportunely the Dutchesse and Prince Alexander and read his letters containing the Kings desires to both together Though his Majesty had likewise commanded the Marquesse of Ayamont Governour of Millaine to treat with Prince Alexander apart The Dutchesse answered doubtfully she would advise upon it either fearing as she pretended to displease Don Iohn or by that delay and seeming refusal aym to put a higher value upon her journey But Alexander Farneze without the least demurring said he would obey the King with all his heart if it so pleased his mother He made yet a plainer answer to two letters delivered him by Raphael Manrique from Ayamont that was sick and kept his bed together with his Majesties letter wherein after expression of his grief for the death of Princesse Mary wife to Prince Alexander he signifies his resolution to imploy him in the Low-countreyes I am certain they are the Kings words now you know it with a ready and undaunted mind you will satisfie my exspectation of you and my love which highly esteems you and your virtue most illustrious Prince But when the King altered his determination of substituting the Dutchesse in his Brothers place by reason of Matthias the Arch-dukes coming into the Low-countreyes it was doubted at Parma whether it would be handsome for Prince Alexander to go and fight in the Low-countreyes commanded by another which consideration he out of duty to the King and desire of glory in the wars easily contemned especially incouraged by some dark words of Granvell promising great matters Besides Gregory the thirteenth interposed his Authority and exhortation who informed of the design by Cardinal Farneze highly praised it and bad the Cardinal write to the Prince of Parma in his name that the expedition would be pleasing to God and therefore under so mighty protection and upon encouragement from his Holiness he should willingly and speedily undertake it The Pope I suppose did not thus commend the warre onely for the King of Spain's sake and the common cause of Religion but for some peculiar benefit that might result to the Pontifician Empire For the Prince of Parma being a Feudatary and Homager to the See Apostolick his Holinesse thought himself concerned in sending the Prince to a Forein warre whence he might return an able General to defend the Church of Rome Wherefore Alexander Farneze having within a few dayes received three letters from Don Iohn of Austria which invited him with great entreaties and no lesse promises to the society of warre and glory making ready with all possible speed the twelvth day after he left Parma arrived at Luxemburg and there met Don Iohn who with expressions of incredible contentment received Prince Alexander that stood amazed to see his uncle no lesse impaired in his health then in the presence and Majestie of the most fortunate Generall So true it is that they are most sensible of adverse fortune which have been in most felicity It is therefore probable that Don Iohn not against his will or onely by the Kings command sent for the Prince of Parma nor did with dissembled joy welcome him from whose long approved fidelitie and valour he might promise safety to the publick and a particular preservation to himself whose life was sought by so many plots At their first meeting Don Iohn imparted the Kings commands that he should acquaint Prince Alexander with all businesse of Warre and Peace and reserve for his use 1000 Crownes a moneth Both which conditions pleased him very much especially the later usually given by the King to none but Viceroyes Governours of Provinces or Generalls of Armies For some dayes the Prince of Parma took the money till the Kings high estimation of his merit was thereby divulged among the people afterwards writing his humble thanks to his Majesty he as one more ambitious of honour then profit refused the pay adding that it was not fit he should be so remunerated who had yet done no service and he needed no encouragement But Alexander Farneze acting nothing without order from Don Iohn wholly applyed his minde and endeavours to inform himself of affaires at home and abroad which he found to be in a very bad condition For the King had but two Provinces that continued loyall in the rest the few Forts that held for his Majestie daily revolted to the States Nay even in Holland Amsterdam it self began to waver And in Brabant Bergen op Zoom where the Souldiers basely betraying their Colonell Charles Fugger yeilded to the States But the Garrison of Breda a while before deceived by a stratagem of the enemy carryed themselves yet more basely towards their Colonell For the Generalls of the Sates Arrmy Philip Count Holach and Frederick Perenot Lord of Campin that besieged Breda they were gallantly opposed by George Fronsberg Colonel of the Germans that served Don Iohn but the Garrison because they were some payes behind daily growing to mutiny Fronsberg by a man of know
kind of fate upon the place for ever since the year of our Lord 900 it is famous for many sackings burnings and plundrings at the earnest suit of Lambert Count and Abbot of Gemblac made to Alexander Farneze and by him unto Don Iohn was preserved both from the plunder and injurie of the souldier The Garrison being onely disarmed such as were Low-countrey men taking an oath never more to bear Arms against the King of Spain the rest not within a year were all let go save twelve of the principall detained in stead of hostages that were carried to the Castle of Namure with their Generall Goigny Who was before his departure brought to Don Iohn and they say desiring to kisse his victorious hand he gave it him with these words God thus breaks their contumacy that impiously rebell against Religion and their King The successe even of this battell wherein so great an Army was defeated by so few shews how much God Almighty favours his Majesties just cause But he onely answering That he never took up arms against Religion with the other prisoners was removed Then Don Iohn taking notice of his own Souldiers merits graciously calling to him every Commander and the stoutest of the Souldiers with great and glorious words magnificently commended their service Among them all he was not ignorant that Alexander Farneze best deserved yet the more he saw the Army look upon him and extoll his courage the more he thought it concerned his Love and Place to praise not without care and caution the virtue of that man whom he both feared and affected Therefore minding the Prince of his danger at the battell of Lepanto he remembred him of the Office of a Generall and said He was sent thither by the King his Uncle to advance the Warre not with his hand and the danger of a common souldier but with his counsel and conduct Prince Alexander replying that he could think no man fit to command in chief that had not first valiantly performed the duties of a common souldier especially under so great a Generall was received both with the Armies applause and the Generalls embraces But the Prince of Parma wrote Don Iohns praises not beyond their merit much more freely and without any exception to the King For together with the Generalls Letters giving an account of the battell to his Mejestie at Argenton Prince Alexander gratulated the Kings victory won first by Gods assistance and in the next place by the prudence and valour of Don Iohn And that as the enemy in the field found him a most valiant Generall so when they had laid down Arms he shewed himself a mercifull Conquerour by his Majesties example And therefore it was to be hoped that that victory in all mens account the greatest ever gained in the Low-countreys would shortly draw along with it the reducement of many Cities And writing a Complementall relation of the same victory to some Lords of Spain that were his antient friends and acquaintance at large to his Mother more briefly to his Father and his uncle-Cardinall he still inserted the like commendations of Don Iohn nothing at all of himself either out of the greatnesse of his spirit hoping to do yet more glorious things and therefore concealing this as of no moment or else assuring himself others would write to the same persons those very actions much more to his glory But at Bruxels where they yet heard not the mis-fortune of their men they consulted in the Archdukes presence whether Don Iohn should be assailed or exspected in the fields whether they should fight with all their forces or a part when suddenly the sad news ran through the whole city that they had fought unfortunately with Don Iohn and lost a day where the Spaniard had his fill of bloud Which being confirmed by many that at last had got by their fear and flight into the Town It being further said that Gemblac was taken by the enemie who had the Generall of their army prisoner and had put all their Foot to the sword some reporting as fear ever fancies danger near at hand that Don Iohn with his victorious army would presently be at the City-gates Bruxels was so terrified as the next day leaving some kind of Garrison in the Town the Prince of Orange with the Arch-duke carrying along the Courts of Justice and the Senate retired to Antwerp Nor was Don Iohn altogether averse from besieging Bruxels propounding it to his Councel of Warre But being hindered by the thinness of his army which could not be recruited unlesse the King sent money it was thought best before men recovered that fit of terrour to carrie into severall parts the Warre and Victory consisting in expedition rather then to dull the souldiers alacritie with lying before a Town Octavio Gonzaga was therefore commanded with five hundred chosen Horse and some regiments of Foot immediately to assault Lovain and Machlin Cities well affected to Don Iohn AEgidius Barlamont with Charles Mansfeldts French Regiment and four colours of Wallons marcht to Bovines And Lovain not exspecting a summons turning out the Scottish Garrison rendred themselves to Ganzaga of their own accord So did Iudoignia a Town of more account for the healthfulness of air then fruitfulnesse of soil in which respect the ancient Dukes of Brabant used to make it a Nursery for their children the like was done by Tienen and a while after not without force by Areschott To Machlin and Vilvord newly garrison'd by the States Gonzaga came too late But Bovines a Citie accustomed to assaults never attempted by the enemie in vain often slighted but ever by the peoples constancie fortified again received the Lord of Heirge but not before a great part of the walls was battered down upon conditions Don Iohn while things succeed as he could wish resolving to reduce the rest of Brabant ordered Alexander Farneze to attaque Diestem a Town belonging to the Prince of Orange He with part of his forces marching thither left he should leave Sichem on his back a neighbour Town to Diestem and a place at that time not to be neglected both for the Fort which afterwards was ruined with a great part of the Town and for the convenience of the River Demera sends thither with his German Regiment Lancelot Barlamont Count of Megen But they of Sichem confident both in the place which they had prettily well fortified and likewise in their number refusing to treat industriously prepared for their defence When Prince Alexander comming up after he had offer'd his Devotions upon a hill close by the Town where the Blessed Virgin works miracles out of an Oak planted against the old wall of the Suburbs standing in diameter to the Lovain-Port eight demi-Culverins and beginning at day-break to make a Battery no lesse violent then constant holding till noon
day having made divers breaches in the Castle he gave orders for an assault which proved the stronger by reason of the emulation between severall Nations The Germans under Count Megen he commanded to march in the middle right against the Port on the right hand the Spaniards on the left the Lovainers under the Colonells Mondragonio and Samblemont Some companies of Wallons were also ordered to bring scaling-ladders which they when the signe was given should fasten to the contrary part of the wall for diverting the enemie Then the word going about and the souldiers animated not so much with hope of glory or plunder great matters being never exspected from a little Town as with fury at their preposterous confidence and the shame it would be if the victorious Army were said to stick at Sichem both parties fought most gallantly and while these not daunted at the death of such as fell close by them ran up the walls those standing upon their ruins hindred them from climing by the interposition of their bodies the event for a while was dubious but the Spaniards having lost two Captains such furie and indignation possessed them to be so affronted that anger whetting their courage they made the Defendants turn their backs and from their quarter entred first the Town Likewise in other places the Townsmen being no longer able to resist and hearing the Wallons scaled the walls on the other side terrified with this rumour all at once quitted their Posts And the Town-souldiers laying down their Arms most of them yielded But some of the Garrison in the close of the evening they were about two hundred suddenly got into the Castle Others almost an hundred and fiftie stealing away in the night out at the breaches fell upon the Horse for that purpose placed by Alexander Farneze beyond the River and were all to a man cut off The Pillage of the Town as he threatned the enemy Prince Alexander gave his souldiers not permitting them to injure the women and preserving by his presence the Houses of consecrated Virgins He put the town to their choice of Mercie or the Sword according as they yielded or stood out Nothing now remained but the Castle secured onely by the stubbornness of the Defendants which stubbornness was fomented by a hope that the town-port being dammed up they could raise no Battery whereon to plant Cannon and consequently neither could the Castle be battered nor they themselves forced to surrender in so short a time but that Relief might come from Diestem The besieged were also favoured by the Spaniards want of Pioners and workmen to dig and bank But Prince Alexander's dexteritie overcame all difficulties For causing all the iron in the camp to be brought forth and looking upon the great Commanders round about him he himself first broke the earth presently by his example the noblest of them with emulous alacritie in conclusion the Captains and Common souldiers who at first seemed to disdain the work followed it with such eagerness as that verie night though wearied with the day's fight in four hours space they not onely levelled the earth-work on this side the Port but cast it up again within the Town planting upon it their battery against the Castle But the next morning when they in the Castle saw the new sconce and thereon the Cannon astonished with fear and admiration they presently yielded imploring the Conquerours mercy but in vain Because they were the first that would not stoop till broken and subdued and because most of them contrary to their oath taken at the battell of Gemblac were once more in arms against the King Prince Alexander pretermitting unseasonable mercie and resolving to punish them as traytours commanded the Governour of the Fort with the principall souldiers and Boutefeues to be hanged over the Castle-walls the rest about four hundred and seventy to be put to the sword by night and cast into the River that ran below Thus revenging hostile perjurie he taught Diestem what to do by others danger And they took warning by the example For being summoned though at first they refused to submit in hope of succours from Antwerp and Lyre Yet when the Kings Horse were quartered beyond the River and had fortified some Countrey-mens houses so as they saw the enemie possessed of those parts by which they hoped relief would come and on the other side the River Batteries raised and Cannon drawn thither with admirable celeritie by their neighbours misfortune admonished not to be wise too late they rendred upon Articles themselves and their Citie to the King And Alexander Farneze that he might put a difference between their Obedience and others Contumacy used these of Diastem with all humanitie protected them and theirs not suffering so much as one house to be plundred But the souldiers about three hundred most of them Wallons with their Arms and Baggage not their Colours marching out according to Conditions the Prince of Parma by their firm and well timbred bodies making an estimate of their military hearts made it he signified to them That they might if they would be received into the Kings Pay whereto they assented and taking a new Oath to serve his Majestie had their Colours delivered them and were disposed of in the Wallon-Regiment Levia ran the fortune of Diestem which Town lying between Tienen and Diestem Prince Alexander being commanded to reduce it was the same day he attaqued it yeilded upon conditions and taking away their Colours from an hundred of the Garrison he dismissed them but another hundred swearing to be faithfull to the King he honoured with the redelivery of their Colours and gave them entertainment These three Cities being rendred in seven dayes Alexander Farneze brought back the Victorious Army to Don Iohn and marched with him to Nivell a Town in the entrance of Haynolt seated upon the skirt of Brabant which Iustus Villiers with six Colours of Foot and two Cornets of Horse kept for the States Thither Don Iohn had sent Charles Count Mansfeldt with his French Tertia who both by Battery and Assault had tried his fortune but was twice beaten from the wals rather for want of luck then courage But Don Iohn and Prince Alexander coming up with the rest of the Army the Nivellers finding themselves too weak wrote Letters to the Generall excusing the delay of their Rendition not out of contumacy towards the King or the Kings brother but in hatred to the French unto whom in regard of the ancient enmitie between the Nations they held it a dishonour to submit Whilest they treat a tumult arose in the Leaguer caused by the Germans Some companies of them had for two moneths received no pay Whereupon the souldiers took an occasion to rant and sending a Messenger to Don Iohn unless for their arrears he would give them the pillage of the Town
granted to him long agoe by the Arch-Duke's procurement and command now by occasion of hastning the Army against Don Iohn who had lost all his Commanders might bee speedily collected An ordinary artifice practised at this day by many that give out the quite contrary to what hath hapned partly to defraud the adverse party of the first Heate and Spring of Joy which afterward will come more languishing and perhaps intermixed as all things humane are with some improsperous Successe partly to use that short time wherein they are believed to have got the better for ordering their Affaires by a fruitfull Anticipation slighting the future shame of the lie ballanced with their present profit Yet this invention of the Prince of Orange and his Faction had some little Truth in it Newes and Money being never so adulterate but they must have a mixture of right-Mettall For the Day after the Rendition of Limburg-Castle the powder that was kept in one of the Towers fired by chance or upon designe blowing up the Walles the Stones which fell againe beate downe a great part of the Tower killed foure and those only Common Souldiers hurting six or seven One passage among the rest Prince Alexander writes to his Mother for a Miracle He had left Christophero Mondragonio with a Company of Spaniards Governour of the Castle and Towne He himselfe by God's Providence that night returned to the Campe. The Powder in the meane time tooke fire and blew up the Tower with the building round about Mondragonio's Chamber by the fall of the upper Lodgings being beaten to the ground The Souldiers in the morning when all feare of the Enemy was past ran to behold their fellowe 's fortune lamenting the fate of their valiant and Noble Commander Mondragonio that lay next the Tower A strange Story and Spectacle they finde the Seeling and Walls of the roome broken downe but so much of the floore yet left as bore up Mondragonio's bed with a Trunke standing besides it The Souldiers at once trembling and rejoycing fetcht off their Colonell safe and unhurt the Trunke which I suppose Mondragonio himselfe had drawne out of the fire and Ruines they beheld full of Reliques and consecrated Church-Plate believing that to be the Cause why the fire out of reverence proved so innocent and that the very Preservation of those holy things opportunely saved the Pious preserver This while at Namure dyed Charles Count Barlamont and Lancelot his Son Count of Megen this fell sick at the Siege of Philipvill he was old and had lived out his time whose Funeralls Don Iohn celebrated with the Sorrow of all good men Indeed Count Charles as valiantly and constantly as any Low-countreyman whatsoever both at home and abroad fought for religion and his Prince teaching the same Arts to his Children whereof the Lord of Heirg was Generall of the Traine of Artillery and Colonell of the Wallons Megen Commander of the Germans Floio Heirge's Lieutenant Colonel Altapen Captaine of a Troop of Horse in their Father's life time and after his death the first of these succeeded him in the Governement of the Province of Namure and in the Treasurership Hitherto all went prosperously with Don Iohn which struck no little feare into the Archduke and the States openly taxed the Prince of Orange as taken up with other Affaires But he was founding his Empire on the Sea-Coast of Holland whence he might extend it over Brabant To this Designe when he saw the only Rubbe was Amsterdam the richest Towne of all Holland equally faithfull to Religion and their King all his Indeavours were bent to get it either forcibly or by Stratagem and to use Force was vaine for in the end of the last yeare this City being surprized by the Orangians and they advanced as far the Market-Place the Citisens taking Armes expelled those victorious Gheuses with a great Slaughter of the Enemy not without the memorable Assistance of some Women that privately carryed a very great Gun which they mounted and discharged killing a huge sort of the Gheuses Afterwards the Town blockt up with new Forces by Sea and Land held out a long Siege till the Prince of Orange promising them free Exercise of the Catholique Religion they at last surrendred Yet he when they upon this Capitulation thought themselves secure contrary to their Articles introduced a stronge Garrison and Promoters of Heresie who causing all holy things to be defaced their Priestes to be turned out and Heresy by consequence brought in a surer Guard then any Garrison to keepe Cityes from the Spaniard he secured Amsterdam and revenged the men lost a month before at Gemblac with a long-continued Slaughter here Then designing to bring Forces out of Germany he perswaded the Archduke and the States to make a Truce for some Months with Don Iohn of Austria For Iuan Sellio was returned from Spaine sent in the Kings name to use his utmost Indeavours for a Peace and delivering Letters of this Tenure to Don Iohn passed to Antwerp where to the Deputyes of the Estates he imparted secret Commands from the King promising largely to satisfy their desires and if so be they would resume their old Religion and Loyalty to their Prince he would call Don Iohn out of the Low-countreys and substitute in his Place either Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma or the Arch-duke Ferdinand Vncle to the Emperour or else confirme the Arch-duke Matthias yet proposing like a King many other Conditions But the great Lords had their eares now luted against the sound of Peace both with the once tasted sweetnesse of the Soveraigne Authority and by many mens Perswasions That no Peace was to be hoped from the incensed Spaniard Besides their Censor the Prince of Orange was busy cavilling at the King's Promises amplifying the Spanish Tyranny the Lowcountreymens Patience and their neare approaching Liberty So as he made them answer Sellio they would presume upon the Kings proffered benignity and therefore desired till the Provinces had consulted about that Election a Cessation of Armes Sellio before he communicated the Deputy's Answer to Don Iohn discovered to Prince Alexander the King's Resolution to create him Governour of the Low-countreys and he himselfe being to treate with Don Iohn for a Cessation of Armes was earnest with the Prince of Parma to use his Power with his uncle in advancing the King's designe for Peace But Alexander Farneze refused to meddle in it professing that any Truce at present would be disadvantageous both to Religion and the King Nay in his Letter to his Father he said He should not like to be Governour of the Low-countreys upon such Conditions as Don Iohn of Austria came to it and gave the Duke these Reasons For that were said he even to be delivered into these mens hands a fettered Prisoner and prescribed a life hatefull to my selfe idle inglorious and my
Alencon and Prince Casimir should be comprehended in the Articles of peace That the province of Limburg and whatsoever Don Iohn had taken either by Force or Rendition in Brabant and Haynolt should before the end of August be restored to the States extreamely offended at these insolent demands Don Iohn as he used to do communicated his Resentment to the Prince of Parma He though he denied not the conditions to be indeed very unjust yet said It would be much worse if the States despairing of a peace with Spaine should put into the hands of the King of France the Frontier provinces which he had so oft attempted It was to be considered that even Charles the fifth and how great an Emperour was he could hardly cleare those Provinces of the French only What should the King's Forces do at the present commanded indeed by a Son to Charles the fifth but with a lesse number of men both against the French Nation and two other powerfull Armies His opinion was therefore that the Commissioners should be put in hope of peace till the King's pleasure was knowne as to those proposalls which if he accepted no doubt but in his wisdome he would provide another place worthy of his Brother but if looking upon their basenesse he rejected them then in case the Confederates were prosecuted with more severity hereafter his Majesty could not accuse his Brother and the Army as desirous to keepe the Warre afoote Don Iohn though he did not much feare the Confederates knowing them to be oppressed with their own multitude and understanding that Prince Casimir's Army marched in a body by themselves because they refused to obey Count Bolduc Generall for the States Yet constrained for want of men and money besides his Sicknesse both of body and mind which is able to breake the greatest Spirit and forcibly to cast it downe upon considerations at other times contemptible He resolved to follow Alexander Farneze's Counsell Though in his Letters to the King certifying their Propositions he with some bitternesse complained That the Rebells confidence received Incouragement out of Spaine and the Assistance promised to him by his Majesty was from time to time put off and when he intreated money only a returne was made of words wherewith a Warre cannot be managed unlesse they imagine that he is able out of Words to extract Gold He therefore humbly beseeched his Majesty either to subdue the Enemy or at least not to suffer the Generall of his Royall Army so unhandsomly to conclude a peace In the interim he commanded Serbellonio speedily to advance the Trenches which he had a while before designed not farre from Namure Don Iohn had chosen that ground upon the Hill of Buge close by the River Mose induced by convenience of the place and his Father's example who being pursued by Henry of France with three great Armies brought his Forces then very small to this ground and here intrenching secured them And now Serbellonio quick both at raising and defending workes had finished most of the Redoubts and drawne about a line by the directions of Scipio Campio of Pisaura an Engineer not inferiour to his Father Bartholomeo slaine at the Siege of Harlem where overtoiled with hasty labour or struck with a pestilentiall aire he fell dangerously sicke At the same time Don Iohn having now brought all his Army within the Trenches except the Horse which Octavio Gonzaga had 〈◊〉 upon the neighbouring Villages his owne sicknesse increasing would needs be carryed into the Campe. Both of them kept their beds and their Fitts tooke and left them in the same manner But the Physitians made farre different Iudgments of their two patients For they all and there was a whole Colledge of them either deceiving others or deceived themselves pronounced that Don Iohn would certainely recover but Sonbellonio could not possibly escape with life And what they said was credible enough this being aboue 73 yeares old he not yet 33 and yet when the young man dyed the old man was perfectly well againe Whereupon Hippolyto Pennonio grew into great Esteeme formerly commended by Duke Octavio for Physitian in Ordinary to his Son Prince Alexander who durst against the whole pack of those Doctours affirme that Serbellonio would live and Don Iohn die of that disease For which a long while being jeered and scorned he became thereby better knowne to the People and finally more honoured Vpon the day of Saint Matthew the Evangelist on which very day was twentie yeares dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth Don Iohn as if by remembring of his Fathers death he were minded of a time a like fatall to himselfe easting off all humane Cares transferred the whole Power of Peace and Warre upon Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma and in case he should dye declared him Governour of the Low-countreys and Generall of the Army till the King should otherwise determine And truly Prince Alexander doubted for a while whether he should undergo the Burthen not ignorant how miserable and broken a Province he must have and withall how much it would reflect upon his Honour if perhaps the King did not confirme upon him that Assignement It being more Disreputation to fall from a place of Eminence then never to have beene advanced Yet that he preserred his Faith to God and the King he writes to his Mother calling God to Witnesse that he should justly thinke himselfe a Traitour if when they had such an Increase of Enemyes and no Generall he should have deserted the Kings Army in that Conjuncture of time wherein undoubtedly all the remaining Catholique Religion and Allegeance to his Majesty would have beene indangered And forasmuch as the Duke of Parma did not very well like this Resolution of his Son 's nor gave Assent to his Acceptance of the Regency but reproved him for his overmuch confidence Prince Alexander at length answered his Father in these Words Sir Whereas in your Wisdome your Excellence thought fitt to admonish me as if I were gone too farre in accepting of that Government which by my endeavours should rather have beene transfer'd upon the Royall Senate of the Low-countreys it is no more then I my selfe imagined as when I wrote of Don Iohn of Austria's Sicknesse I signifyed to your Excellence But when I called to minde that after the death of the greate Comendador the Lowcountreys were undone by that very Trust of the Royall Power is the Senates hands which Ruine in all mens opinions had never hapned to the Provinces if his Successour had beene forthwith nominated And when I plainly saw the Losse of this Catholique Army without a Generall to be inevitable by reason of the feuds among the Lords and their discordant mindes some drawing one way some another and daily more slack in asserting the Kings Right and which is yet more considerable one or two of the greatest in his Army
the tincture of pleasure seldome or never takes another die the boy was hardly drawne to leave those Sports and a while after Charles the fifth deceased A little before his death the Emperour discovered to his Son Philip King of Spaine which till then he had concealed from him that Philip himselfe and this Iohn had both one Father and therefore charged the King to send for him and to love and regard him as his naturall Brother But King Philip deferred to do it two yeares after the Emperour's death till his Son Charles Prince of Spaine was growne up Then resolving to acknowledge his Brother he went to Validolid to the Abbey of of Spina with a great traine of Lords to hunt commanding Aloysio to bring the Boy and meete him in the Field Aloysio when his Doggs were in a readinesse mounted a Horse richly trapt and carried along little Iack on an ordinary Horse among the croud of hunters When they came to the hill Torose where he discovered the King a-hunting he then leaped off his Horse and bad Iack doe so too Which done presently Aloysio falling on his knees Giue me said he your Highnesse's Hand to kisse What this unusuall Honour I now do you signifiyes the King that hath sent for you will explaine Now get upon this Horse that had not shone in all this bravery but for you The Boy stood amazed at the novity yet gave him his hand to kisse and got upon the Horse the lookers on admiring and longing as upon a Stage to see how that Scene would end When behold King Philip with those that waited on him to the Chace comes in Immediately little Iack presented by Aloysio bowes himselfe and handsomely honours the King upon his knee His Majesty raised the boy with his hand and smiling asked him if he knew his Father And when he doubted what to reply because he saw himselfe now disclaimed by him he formerly though his Father the King alighting said Alegramente boy thou art Son to a man of Honour the Emperour Charles the fifth that dwells in heaven is Father to us both uttering these words he imbraced him as a Brother set him upon his horse and appointed Servants to attend him as became one of the House of Austria and the Son to an Emperour the whole Plaine ringing with the joyfull Halloes of the Hunters and Gratulations of the Lords cheerfully wishing that day happy to the King happy to the King 's new Brother his Majesty himselfe often protesting that in all his Life he never had better hunting Fortune Thus Don Iohn of Austria being acknowledged was brought to Court therebred with Charles Prince of Spaine and Alexander Prince of Parma who not long before was sent out of Italy by his Parents to the King his Vncle as I have in its place remembred And they were allmost all three of one yeare the eldest being not about 14. But they were not al of one disposition Feature or Manners Prince Charles saving his haire and Complexion in all the other parts of his body was deformed for one shoulder was higher and one legg longer then the other nor was he lesse deformed in his furious and hauty mind Prince Alexander was indeed of a passionate and military Inclination but full of Courtship whereto his sweete and pleasant Countenance seemed to be naturally composed But Don Iohn of Austria as well in the habit of body as Generosity of Deportment farr transcended both His face was not only faire but excellently featured His haire yellowish his eyes â—uick shining with a lovely proportion of all his limbs answerable to each other His manners infinitely set off his Louelines his Louelinesse his manners Civility Industry and Integrity were eminent in the Youth and as in one newly come to his Honours Modesty Which Vertue and Beauty of his compared with their Contraries in Prince Charles at first made him beloved afterwards envyed as eclipsing the Prince in his Fathers Court. And King Philip was somewhat distasted at Don Iohn's Aversion from holy Orders to which he had beene pressed upon his Fathers Designation but too late His Majestyes Displeasure was increased by his suddaine leaving of the Court when inflamed with a desire to fight in Malta without the King's Leaue which if he had hoped he would never have declined he tooke Post for Barcelona with a great traine of Gentlemen being then 18 yeares of age And this Levity he aggravated with his Pride not vouchsafing to heare what message Aloysio Quisciada brought who followed him by his Majestyes Command But as he was going abroad at Barzelona receiving the Kings Letters which threatningly commanded his Returne swifter then imagination he rode back to Vallidolid and by his ready Obedience not a little qualifyed his Majestyes Indignation which a while after he clearly cancelled when he first discovered to the King his Son Prince Charles his new designe For this Service his Majesty in the Warre of Granado made Don Iohn his Generall against the Moores which held him play for a long while but at last he fortunately defeated them And that which seemed to be his Remuneration was but a step or Earnest of more Honour For when the Christian League was concluded he was made Generalissimo of the Fleete that carryed the Forces and Hopes oâ— Christendome and joyning battaile with the Turkes at Lepanto gained upon the common Enemy a Victory since the memory of the Othoman Name the greatest Thence from the East turning his Armes into Africa he conquered Tunis that commands the Libyan Sea the Mahometans flying before him stormed Biserta and tooke prisoner their King Amida with two of his Sons which he brought in triumph back to Italy Here the of Spaine was highlyer offended because Don Iohn had not only contrary to the Commands sent him from Spaine not dismantled the City but had likewise furnished it with Munition put in a Garrison and made Gabriel Serbellonio Governour as if he had resolved in that Towne to fix himselfe a Royall Seate As the King then especially believed when in that very point of time he saw the Pope's Legate in the name of Gregory the 13 move him to honour Don Iohn for his Victoryes in Africa with the Title of King of Tunis Which made King Philip jealous that the youth proud of his Conquests would not long brooke a private Fortune and now only requested Kingdomes but hereafter would invade them Therefore removing from Don Iohn all such as he thought advised him to those courses he placed new Servants about him and made Iuan Escovedo his Secretary that is he changed the names but not the Natures of his Brother's Followers The King likewise observed that his Brother grew to a greater Animosity Because when he was called out of Italy into Spaine to go from thence to the
Mother of a Trouble But now Alexander Farneze acquainted his Majesty with those three last Requests made by Don Iohn and earnestly sollicited the King's Grant Of himselfe and of the Governement intrusted to him he wrote little rather like one declining then ambitious of the Honour Only he exaggerated the danger of the Catholique Army the French being entred into Haynolt and the States Army ready to besiege their Campe so that in this desperate Condition of Affaires only his Fidelity to the King compelled him rather undauntedly then ambitiously to receive that burthen Although as I conjecture not so much the present Danger which was indeed very great as his doubtfullnesse of the King's mind held Alexander Farneze in suspence For he feared lest his Majesty laying aside the care of Armes should call back his Mother into the Low-countreys where she was popular and therefore fit to conclude a Peace or that upon certaine Conditions which were now in Agitation he should confirme even the Arch duke Matthias in the Governement To which He might be easily perswaded by some that were no frends to the glory of Alexander Farneze And truly as David Secretary to the Duke of Parma wrote from Spaine in Cypher to Prince Alexander there wanted not some at Court that objected many Considerations to the King for breaking off that Designation I believe because they thought it Imprudency to trust Alexander Farneze with an Army at that time when his Son a boy of a great witt and it seemed capable of the greatest fortune pretended to the Crowne of Portugall especially when not without an Affront to Spaine that proud Nation desired to be governed by an Italian But the King looking upon the Vertue of Alexander Farneze and considering him as his Sisters Son cut off the Subiect of this discourse praising the choice Counsell of Don Iohn And presently by Letters to Prince Alexander his Majesty first gave him without any Exception the Governement of the Low-countreys and Burgundâ— with the Militia of those Provinces all which he prolixly commended to his Nephew's Faith and Worth To Don Iohn's last Requests he breifely answered That he would not be unmindefull of his household Servants when Alexander Farneze should certify him too as afterwards he did of every particular man's Deserts That he had long respected his Mother which should be done more publiquely hereafter As indeed it was For his Majesty that yeare sending for her into Spaine very graciously received her and within a few Months honourably disposed of her in the Royall Cloister of Saint Cyprian Where after she had lived foure yeares among the Nunnes nobly attended by Maides of her owne going for her health to take the ayre at Laredâ— she there religiously dyed Although I must not conceale from the Reader What a man of Eminence discovered to me touching the Mother of Don Iohn not Barbara Blomberg as to that day the World believed but a farre more noble Lady to say the truth a Princesse for saving of whose Reputation Charles the fifth would have another named and getting Barbara Blomberg to act the Mother's part and take upon her the glorious Title of the fault it was afterwards followed by King Philip to maintaine the Scene So King Philip himselfe told his Daughter Isabella to whom he imparted all his Secrets which she at diverse familiar Conferences communicated to that Person of whom I had it If this be true I must confesse there is no trusting humane Knowledge When so great a Prince that used to discover the very thoughts of his Enemyes should live and dye so blinded in his owne Parentage and in himselfe and being twice deceived in his Mother should still aske Blessing of a wrong Woman never of her that bore him Concerning Don Iohn of Austria's supposed Brother his name was Pyramo Câ—nrado the King wroteback that Alexander Farneze should observe the inclination of his mind and how he demeaned himselfe He did so and replyed That the youth had beene sent into Burgundy so follow his Booke but that within a few dayes leaving his study and falling into some Deboshes he was by Don Iohn's Command committed to the Tower from whence after his Brothers Death the Youth wrote him a Letter that since he was not made for a Scholler neither his Fancy nor Abilityes agreeing with that course of Life he would please to set him at Liberty and make a Souldier of him and then he hoped to give a fruitfuller account of himselfe and Prince Alexander certified the King that he thought no lesse therefore beseeched his pleasure might be signifyed where the Youth should be imployed in his Majestyes Service It pleased the King that he should learne his first Elements of Warr under Alexander Farneze assigning to the young Souldier 50 Ducats a Month. Lastly the King consented to the translating of Don Iohns Body into Spaine by what Way and in what Manner Prince Alexander should appoint The Prince of Parma committed that Charge to Gabriel Nignio Zuniga Master of the Horse to Don Iohn commanding him to convey the Corps through France and by meanes of the Spanish Embassadour at Paris to get a Passe from King Henry for some of Don Iohn's Servants that were to returne into Spaine without any mention of the Body which he would have secretly carryed to avoide those vast Expences and ceremonious Contentions of Magistrates and Priests at City-Gates that vsually way-lay the Progresses of Princes whether alive or dead And therefore made it be given out that the Body went with the rest of Don Iohns Household through Italy Nay to avert the least Suspicion he caused him to be tooke in pieces and the bones of his Armes Thighes Leggs Breast and Head the Braines being taken out with other the severed parts filling three Mailes were by Nignio and the principall of the Convoy being about 80 brought safely into Spaine Where the bones being set againe with small wiers they easily rejoynted all the Body which being filled with Cotton armed and richly habited they presented to the King Don Iohn intire as if he stood only resting himselfe upon his Commanders Staffe looking as if he lived and breathed This Sight having for a while renued Court-Sorrow the Corps was carryed thence into the Church of Saint Laurence at the Escuriall and buryed according to his last Desire by his Father the Emperour Charles the fifth Alexandder Farneze likewise in the Church at Namure where his Vncles body had beene deposited leaving a Monument thereof to Posterity applyed his whole minde and incleavours to keepe the remaining Provinces in the King's obedience Then he sent Agents Letters to the Catholique Princes of Europe holding it requisite to let them every one know that Governement was consigned to him by his Majesty minding therâ— of the danger of the Royall Party not too sollicitously lest he should raise
mouth l. 10. p. 12. for the Governess from Germany l. 5. p. 132. 133. for the Prince of Orange from the Low-countreys and France l. 7. p. 58 61 63 73 75. l. 9. p. 57. and out of Germany l. 5. p. 138. l. 7. p. 58. An Army for the States from France and Germany l. 10. p. 7. 13. from England and Scotland l. 10. p. 10. The Duke of Alva's Army besieged by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 77. the Gheuses Army l. 7. p. 75. the Hugonots Army l. 7. p. 79. four Armies at one time vex the Low-countreys p 75 Artois a Province of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 15. invaded by Cocquevill l. 7. p. 46. defended by Cosse ibid. associated with the rest of the Provinces against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. its Governour l. 1. p. 16 Arthur Cosse Commander in chief upon the Marches of France forbids the Prince of Orange to enter the Kingdome l. 7. p. 63. sent by the French King to assist the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. 47. beats Cocquevils Army into the town of S. Valery and storms it ibid. takes the Commanders ibid. Assonvill vide Christopher Asper l. 8. p. 9 Ausburg vide Confession of Ausburg Augustino Barbarico l. 9. p. 46 Augustus Duke of Saxonie succeeds the Prince Elector Maurice l. 3. p. 53. Christens the Prince of Oranges sonne l. 4. p. 87. joyns with the Low countrey Rebels l. 5. p. 138. threatens the Governesse l. 5. p. 140. makes warre with Iohn Frederick sonne to the late Elector p. 141. sends to Margaret of Paâ—ma an Embassage in Favour of the Low-countrey Hereticks l. 6. p. 18 19. Avila vide Sancho Austrian what l. 10. p. 21 Autruxius l. 3. p. 62 Ayala vide Martin Ayamont vide Antonio Marquesse of Ayamont Sentences in A. WE may safely suspect those for Authours that are ADVANTAGED by the Design l. 5. p. 102 Thy are most sensible of ADVERSE fortune that have been in most felicitie l. 9. p. 48 The first AGE after the tincture of pleasure seldome or never takes another die l. 10. p. 17â— BAden the Marquesse sends an Embassage to the Governesse l. 6. p. 18 Baion l. 4. p. 87 88 Balduin ab Angelo a Jesuit refuseth the Oath pressed upon him l. 9. p. 40. is turned out of Antwerp with the rest of the Societie ibid. Barbara Blomberg of Ratisbone l. 10. p. 17. commended to the King by Don Iohn dying p. 22. she deceaseth p. 24. Babarino vide Francisco and Raphael Barlamont surrendred to Don Iohn l. 9. p 57 Barlamont vide Aegidius Florus Lancellot and Philip Baronnius one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101 Bartolomeo Campio l. 7. p. 80. the famous Engeneer in the siege of Harlem ibid Bartholmew Entese one of the first water Gheuses l. 7. p. 71. turns Pirat ibid. is committed to prison l. 7. p. 80 Bartolomeo Miranda Archbishop of Toledo l. 1. p. 8 Bartolomeo Portia the Popes Legate to the Emperour l. 9. p. 39 Bartholmew-Eeue in France l. 7. p. 76 Basta vide Nicholao Batemburges the Brothers vide Gisbert and Theodorick Bavaria the Duke vide Albert Bavier vide Christopher and Henry Beavor vide Philip Lanoi Belgium why called Flanders l. 1. p. 14. the lower Germany and the seventeen Provinces ibid. its situation opulency cities towns Villages Militia Navy and Manufactures ibid. their Government was ever like a free-state l. 2. p. 28 Belgick Provinces how they were all joyned under the Government of one Prince l. 1. p. 15. out of them Charles the fifth thought to erect a Kingdome l. 1. p. 15 be transferres them to his sonne Philip l. 1. p. 4. their division l. 1. p. 15. to what Persons the King intrusted them l. 1. p. 16. they petition the King to take off the tenth part l. 7. p. 67. they waver upon the news of the surprize of Brill by the Covenanters l. 7. p. 72. they conspire against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 19 20. they adhere to the States onely two continuing faithfull to Don Iohn ibid. l. 9. p. 37. 48. 50 Bcaumont rendered to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57 Bearne the refuge of Delinquents l. 3. p. 63 Benedictus Arias Montanus l. 7. p. 64 Bergâ—n vide William and Iohn Glimè Bergen op Zoom l. 8. p. 10. comes into the hand of the Estates l. 9. p. 48. the Garrison souldiers betray their Colonel p. 49. Berlinguerio Requesenes Admirall for the King of Spain in Sicily l. 8. p. 15 Bernardo Fresneda a Franciscan Confessar to King Philip l. 6. p. 23. votes against a warre with the Low-countreys ibid. Bernardino Mendoza sent Embassadour from the Duke of Alva to Pius the fifth l. 6. p. 26. Captain of foot in the Low-countrey service p. 30. at the battle of Moocâ— l. 8. p. 4. and of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49 Bernois l. 6. p. 26 Bersen sent by the Deputies of the Estates with part of of their forces to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22 Beza vide Theodorus Bill vide Gaspar Binch sometimes the delight of Mary Queen of Hâ—â—gary yields to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57. a stone upon the â—lace engraved by King Henry the second of France when he demolished Binch ibid. Birth of Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 42. of Granvell l. 2. p. 39. of William Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. of Margaret of Parma l. 1. p. 20. of Prince Maurice of Nassan l. 4. p. 87. of Odoardo Cardinall Farntze l. 4. p. 95. of Philip the second of Spain l. 1. p. 9. of Raâ—ucio Farneze Duke of Parma l. 4. p. 95. Biseain man of warre l 7. p. 65 Biserta stormed l. 10. p. 19 Blanch Queen of France l. 5. p. Blanca Sforza daughter to Maximilian Duke of Mâ—lain and wife to the Emperour Maximilion killed by a fall from her horse as she was hunting l. 1. p. 21 Blazer vide Iohn Blosius vide Iohn and Lodwick Bobadilla a Captain l. 7. p. 75 Bobemian King vide Maximilian Boisot vide Charles and Lodwick Bomberg vide Anthony Bommen in the Isle of Sceldt taken by the Royallists l. 8. p. 13 Bona Shorza Mother to Sigismund King of Poland dies l. 1. p. 13 Boniface Bishop of Mentz l. 2. p. 30 A Book published in Germany called the Interim l. 1. p. 9 A Book set forth by the Prince of Orange against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 58 Calvinisticall Books sent into France l. 3. p. 56. Designed for Spain l. 5. p. 137 Bourbon vide Anthony Iohn and Lewis Borgia a Captain l. â— p. 8 Borlutius of Gant Speaker for the Estates l. 1. p. 25 Bolduc vide Maximilian and Iohn Bovines renders it self to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 53 54 A Boy with two heads four feet and four hands l. 7. p. 40 A Boy with a Cat in a Cradle l. 7. p. 69. Putting ouâ— the eyes of Quails l. 7. p. 43. killing Leverets ibid. of eleven years old begging arms and leave to go to the storming of a town l. 9. â— 44
till the Councel of Trent should end ibid. but receiv'd by neither party ibid. Invective of the Marquess of Bergen against Cardinal Granvel l. 3. p. 75. of the Prince of Orange against the Emperours Edict l. 5. p. 133. Inundation a most horrid one in the Low-countries l. 7. p. 69. Ioachim Opper l. 8. p. 16. Ioan Alibret daughter to Margaret of Valois and Henry King of Navarre wife to Anthony Bourbon l. 3. p. 56. had implacable hatred to the name of Rome and Spain l. 3. p. 57. Comparâ—d to Tullia Tarquins wife ibid. Her Curtain-lecture to her husband when she set him at the Catholicks ibid. Her indignation against him l. 3. p. 59. Ioan of Austria l. 10. p. 22 23. Ioan daughter to Ferdinand the Catholick King wife to Philip the first l. 1. p. 17. Ioan daughter to Duke Wenceslaus l. 9. p. 36. Don Iohn of Austria born at Ratisbone l. 10. p. 16. Carried into Spain in Swadling-clouts l. 10. p. 17. Educated at Villa-Garcia ibid. sav'd from fire ibid. His disposition and behaviour ibid. The Emperour intends to make a Priest of him ibid. He is commended to King Philip by their father Charles the fifth ibid. He is own'd by his brother as he was hunting l. 10. p. 18. taken to Court ibid. sent to the university of Alcala l. 9. p. 44. bred with Prince Charles and Alexander Farneze l. 10. p. 18. Compared with them ibid. He offends the King because he would not enter into holy Orders ibid. and by going to the War of Malta without the Kings leave ibid. He regaines the Kings favour l. 10. p. 19. disswades Prince Charles from going into the Low-countries l. 7. p. 44. Discovers to the King the Prince's Design to steal away l. 10. p. 19. Is made General against the Moores ibid. Admiral of the whole Fleet in the holy War against the Turk l. 9. p. 45. l 4. p. 81. Receives the sacred Standard of Christendome from Granvell Vice-Roy of Naples ibid. The difference between him and Vernerio l. 9. p. 45. Wins the Battel of Lepaâ—ot l. 10. p. 19. l. 9. p. 46. l. â— 10 P. 21. Again commands in chief at Sea l. 9. p. 46. Besieges Navarine in vain ibid. 47. Challenges the Ottoman Fleet ibid. at the dissolving of the holy League goes for Sicily ibid. Takes Tunis and Biserta by assault l. 10. p. 19. Carries away King Amida with his two sons prisoners ibid. gives his Kingdome to Mehâ—met l. 10. p. 21. Returnes victorious into Italy ibid. Defers the Acceptance of the Kingdome of Ireland l. 10. p. 22. Offends the King with putting a Garrison into Biserta l. 10. p. 19. The Popes request for the Conferring upon him the title of King of Tunis ibid. His houshold servants chang'd by the King ibid. Recal'd from Italy into Spain ibid. Desires the Place honour of a Prince Iâ—â—anta ibid. is by the Pope propos'd to his Majesty for Governour of the Low-countries l. 8. p. 16. The Government promised to him by the King ibid. p. 19. He is design'd General for the Army that was to Land in Great Britain l. 8. p. 16. 'T is falsly rumor'd That should marry Elizabeth Queen of England l. 10 p. 20. l. 8. p. 16. He comes into the Low-countries l. 9. p. 26. The Senators and Delegates of the Estates doubt whether or no they should admit him ibid. He consults about sending away of the Spaniards from the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 27. Resolves to dismisse them and why l. 9. p. 29. Allowes of the Pacification of Gaâ—t l. 9. p. 30. Proclaims it ibid. Is acknowledged Governour of the Low-countries ibid. Presses the Spaniards to depart ibid. Lends money to the Estates to pay the Spaniards l. 9. p. 32. Enters Bruxels with extraordinary pomp ibid. His gracious carriage ibid. He requires that the Prince of Orange with the Hollanders and Zeleanders shall subscribe the Perpetual Edict l. 8. p. 33. His Letters to the King intercepted and published ibid. Many suspect and fall off from him l. 9. p. 34. His dissembled flight ibid. He seizes the Castle of Namure l. 9. p. 35. He certifies the Deputies of the Estates of the cause of his departure ibid. Complains of Contumelies offer'd to and plots laid against him ibid. Writes to the Provinces ibid. Attempts the Fort at Antweâ—p ibid. Is by the Estates accus'd of Counterfeiting his fears ibid. He showes them to be real l. 9. p. 36. Receives supplies of money from the Pope ibid. Is incourag'd by the Kings Letters ibid. sharply reproves the Estates for creating the Prince of Orange Ruart of the Province l. 9. p. 37. Prepares for War ibid. what forces he had ibid. It troubles him the Arch-Duke Matthias was to come into the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 39. The Senate declares him Enemy to the Countrey ibid. He calls back the Spaniards from Italy l. 9. p. 41. Invites Alexander Farneze whom the King had design'd for the Low-Countriesl 9. p. 48. Joyfully receives him ibid. Is animated by his coming with the Spanish Army l. 9. p. 41. Sends relief to Breda besieg'd l. 9. p. 49. Defends Ruremund ibid. Refuses Conditions of Peace offer'd by the Queen of England ibid. His march to Gemblac His army battel and victory ibid. p. 50. His words to Goigny General of the Prisoners l. 9. p. 52. His commendations of his own men ibid. Other Cities render themselves to him l. 9. p. 53. 54. He commands Alexander Farneze to attacque Dieshem ibid. and Levia l. 9. p. 55. And Charles Mansfeld to besiege Nivell ibid. Nivel is rendred to himself l. 9. p. 56. He quiets the Mutiny in his Camp ibid. Dismisses the Garrison of Nivell without their armes ibid. which arms he bestowes on his French souldiers but the gift was fatal to them ibid. Grants them leave to â—epart l. 9. p. 57. Many Towns yields to him ibid. â—â—e He stormes Cimace ibid. besieges Philsipvill and takes is ibid. 58. Goes to Namure to recover his healâ—h l. 10. p. 1. commits the Expedition of Limburg to Alexander Farnâ—ze ibid. Performs the Rites of â—â—neral to Count Barlamont and his son Megan l. 10. p. 5. Receives money from the King l. 10. p. 7. Calls a Councel of War about invading of the Enemy ibid. Moves to Rimcnant l. 10. p. 9. begins the fight l. 〈◊〉 p. 10. suspects the enemie to fly upon design ibid. â—â—s angry with his men which the enemy had Circumvented Ib. p. 11. Considers how to bring them off ibid. Leaves it to be manag'd by Alexander Fâ—â—nâ—ze ibid. The fight is renew'd with equall losse to the Enemy ibid. p. 12. His care in his etreat ibid. p. 13. He loses the town of Areschâ—t Ibid. Sets a foot a treaty of Peace l. 10. p. 14. Demolishes some Forts and quits certain Towns ibid. Is offended with the Conditions of peace offered ibâ—d writes in fury to the King ibid. Entrenches upon the hill of Buge ibid. The Complaints made against
with prayers and humiliation ibid. informes the King of France of the Hugâ—nots preparations ibiâ— and the Emperour of the Low-countrey-mens Petition that was to be presented at the Diet ibid. she enlargeth the Militia of the Low-Countries ibid. 141. puts rubs in the Way of Lewis of Nossau l. 5. p. 142. writes to his Majesty what the Covenanters had done ibid. admits not the Covenanters with their new Petition ibid. Grants them nothing l. 5. p. 143. sends Commanders to Bolduc or the Bus to settle the Commotion l. 6. p. 2. Commits the Expedition to Count Mâ—gan ibid. prevents the Designes of Thâ—lose ibid. sends Beavor to fight him who defeats Tholose l. 6. p. â— Commands the Valencenians to receive a Garrison l. 6. p. 5. upon their refusal Declares them Rebels l. 6. p. 6. anticipates the plot of those of Torney and Armiater l. 6. p. 7. subdues them both ibid. besiegeth Vâ—lâ—nciens by Norcarmius l. 6. p. 8. takes it l. 6. p. 10. forceth the Governours of Provinces and the Lords to take an Oath of fidelity to the King l. 6. p. 11. punisâ—eth Brederod that refused it ibid. p. 12. and Hoâ—â—strat ibid. sends Bertius to the Prince of Orange ibid. refers the Maestrichters to Norcarnius l. 6. p. 15. why she would not condescend to the Bishop of Liege that interceded for them l. 6. p. 16. the Bus fears her Forces ibid. she denyes pardon to the Antwerpers unlesse they render the Town l. 7. p. 17. enters Antwerpâ— a kind of Tryumph ibid. p. 18. restores things Sacred ibid. orders the Civil State Ibid. is hardly won to adoâ—â— the Embassadours of the Heretical Princes of Germany ibid. what Answer she gave them ibid. p. 19. she Commits to Prison the chief of the Covenanters taken by her Souldiers ibid. puts Garrisons into the Townes rendred l. 6. p. 20. fines them ibid. Designs Forts to be built ibid. re-adotnes the Catholick Churches ibid. destroyes the Heretical Temples ibid. restores all the Low-Countries to their ancient tranquillity ibid. she holds it necessary for the King to come in Person into the Netherlands l. 6. p. 21. endeavours to perswade him from his preparation of Armes against the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 27. takes Begen op Zoom in the Kings name as soon as she hears of the Marquesse of Bergens death l. 6. p. 28. is troubled at the Newes of the Duke of Alva's coming ibid. pleased again with the Kings Letters l. 6. p. 29. makes ready a Fleet to meet the Kings in his Voyage for the Low-Countries ibid. makes publick supplications for his prosperous Expedition ibid. she is offended with the Duke of Alva's too large Commission l. 6. p. 31. humbly intreats the King to discharge her of the Government ibid. what she thought of Egmont and Hornes Captivity l. 6. p. 34. she prayes the King to Licence her Departure from the Low-Countries ibid. â—n the interim she is very vigilant in the Civil administration ibid. by her Edict stayes the Low-Countrey men that were leaving of their Native Soyl Ibid. Conceives another Edict in favour of the French Embassadour ibid. receives power from the King to leave the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 35. rites to the Estates of the Low-Countries ibid. w 36. and to the King concerning herself and the present Condition of the Netherlands and in commendation of the Low-countrey-men ibid. surrenders the Government to the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 35. the Ceremonies used at her departure by the Neighbour Princes and Cities l. 6. p. 37. and by the Low-countrey men themselves ibid. she leaves the Netherlands ibid. 〈◊〉 Annual Pension given her by the King the great love shewed towards her after she was gone ibid. the Low-countrey-men desire her again ibid. l. 7. p. 69. the King Resolves to send her with her Son Alexander into the Low-countries l. 9. p. 47. Margaret of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and to Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy betrothed to Charles the Dolphin of France l. 1. p. 15 21. And so Charles the fifth mediates and makes a Peace betwixt him and Francis l. 1. p. 12. Governesse of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 21. she breeds up the Governesse Margaret of Parma ibid. Margaret Farneze Princesse of Montua l. 9. p. 44. Margaret Sister to Henry the second of France marryeth Emmanuel Duke of Savoy l. 1. p. 13. goes into Italy l. 1. p. 26. Margaret of Vallois sister to Francis the first of France wiâ—e to Alibret King of Navarre l. 3. p. 55 57. how she came to hate the Pope l. 3. p. 55. the Ostentation of her wit ibid. what she did to advance Heresie in France ibid. p. 63. she undertakes the Patronage of the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55. dyes a Catholick ibid. Margaret of Valois sister to Charles the ninth goes to the Spaw l. 9. p. 34. her marriage with Henry King of Navarre l. 7. p. 76. Margaret Vangest mother to Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 20. her Birth Education and Beauty ibid. the Emperour falls in love with her ibid. Mary Queen of England marryed to Philip the second Prince of Spain l. 1. p 3. l. 3. p. 71. A five years Truce by her endeavors concluded between Charles the fifth and Henry the French King l. 1. p. 3. she purgeth her Kingdome of Heresie l. 2. p. 36. her Death l. 1. p. 12 13. Mary of Austria sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 106. wife to Lodwick King of Hungary l. 1. p. 14. l. 1. p. 21. Governesse of the Low-Countries ib. l. 3. p. 52. l. 6 p. 3. for her love to hunting called the Foresttresse l. 1. p. 21. she educates Margaret of Parma ibid. resigns the Government of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 5 11. the Emperour used her to move that his son Philip might be King of the Romans l. 1. p. 5. she goes with her brother to Charles the fifth into Spain ibid. her beloved Villa l. 9. p. 57. her death l. 1. p. 14. Mary of Burgundy wife to the Emperour Maximilian l. 1. p. 16. killed with a fall as she was hunting l. 1. p. 21. Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth Governs Spain l. 7. p. 43. her grief conceived upon the Commitment of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 46. Mary Cocquamb mother to Margaret Vangest l. 1. p. 20. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Iohn the third of Portugal and wiâ—e to Philip the second of Spain l. 4. p. 92. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Prince Edward Grandchild to King Emmanuâ—l l. 4. p. 91 92. designed for wife to Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma ibid. her Nobility ibid. her Wit and Litterature Ibid. Sanctity of Life ibid. precisenesse of Chastity ibid. she weighes Anchor from Portugal ibid. 93. is persecuted with a tempest Ibid. why she would not send one to salute the Queen of England ibid. she Courts an Heretical Lady Ibid. arrives in the Low-countreys l.
King consented Why the Governesse wished it Granvel presupposed as much by the change of faces at Court Noâ— is he at all dejected But seems to desire a discharge Yet rather wishes to be removed to Spain and to that end solicits the Duke of Alva Who deliberates upon it Octob. 1565 At last moves for him But prevails not For Granvel is commanded into Burgundy Thomas Perenot Lord of Cantoner Whether at length he goes giving out that he will return very shortly 10 of Marc. 6 of March. Which report spoiled the mirth of his adversaries And troubled the Governesse 29. of March Who certifies his danger and labours to keep him out of the Low-countreys The joy for Cardinal Granvels departure as well of the People as the Lords The Governess makes use of this alacritie in both But it was dâ—sht again by new fames of the Cardinals Return That they may have no more such frights the Governess moves the King Novem. 29. To send him away to Rome 1565. The rest of Cardinal Granvels life He goes 〈◊〉 Rome to the Conclave Solicites the Generall peace of Christendome Is created Viceroy of Naples Delivers the colours to Don John of Austria 1571. Labours and votes in the Conclave for the Papacy of Gregory XIII 1572. Into whose displeasure he shortly after falls for violating the rights of the Church In a suit with the Archbishop The Pope by his Nuncio justifies the Archbishop The Vice-roy at last submits 1575. He is made President of the Italian Councel in Spain His free carriage towards the Grandees And towards the King him self Q. Curt. lib. 8. 1580. He governs Spain in the Kings absence 1583. The honour done him by the King at his Return His death At Madrid His speciall Commendations The Governess provides for Religion Commended to her by the King Seriously With almost incredible care to root out Hereticks And with no little bounty to the banished English Hereticks put to death with various success A bold fact of an hereticall Minister But it saved him at last August 13. The punishment of Fabricius the Apostate out of her Excellencies letters 8. Octob. The Executioners dexterity The people mutiny 25 Novem. They are quieted The Senate of Bruges affront the Inquisitour Septemb. 10 Novem. 25. Of the Councel of Trent The diligâ—nce used by Pius iv to get is to be received Which was readily done by King Philip. 1536. Paulo iii. Pont. The difference between the Pope and King Onuph Pan. in Pio iv Adrian l. 8. Hist. Thuan. l. 35. Hist. About the Spanish Embassadours place Which began at the Councel of Trent And being there composed Was revived at Rome The Pope not willing to determine it Puts it off to the Cardinals At last he explains himself Whereupon the Spanish Embassadour in a fury leaves Rome This Accident troubled many Especially the Governesse The Hereticks rejoyce in hope the Councel of Trent will never be received in the Low-countreys But they were deceived August 6. A letter from the King offended with the Pope Yet carefull to establish the Councel of Trent The Governess doubts whether some Decreâ—s of the Councel are not to be excepted in the promulgation The Senate would have it so But the King will not Septemb. 30 Novem. 25 The Governesse finds it difficult 1565. Count Egmont sent into Spain Feb. 15. The Lord of Zeveghem sent to condole the death of the Emperour Maximilian The Princesse of Orange brought a bed of Prince Maurice Feb. 15. Christened with Catholick rites by hereticall Godfathers Of the conference of K. Charles of France and the two Queens at Baion Feb. 3. For which the King of Spain gave reasons to the Belgick Lords And to the Princes of Europe Yet many were jealous Especially the Hereticks Who were troubled the more fearing King Philip would be at the Conference Why the Governesse disswaded his coming March 3. Duke of Alva Why King Philip was not present Septemb. 17 Various reports touching the conference at Baion Septemb. 25 What they consulted of The Hereticks very much affraid Thuan. l. 36. Hist. An Herreâ—a l. 12. c. 1. in the Life of Philip 11. and others The massacre at Paris thought to be designed at this meeting C. Egmont arrives in Spain Feb. 15. The Kings Answer and Commands April 2. Having first consulted the Divines In this manner His Majesty checks C. Egmont for the Cognizances devised to affront Granvell Egmont excuses himself And accuses the Cardinall The Kings instructions delivered in writing to Count Egmont For preservation of Religion For destruction of Hereticks For regulation of the Councel April 2. For disposall of the moneys sent by his hand For signification of his Majesties intended journey thither Prince Alexander Farneze delivered by the King to Count Egmont who is to conduct him into the Low-countreys The Governesses joy upon the sight of her son And news of a Match intended him by the King April 30. Of Marriages treated for Prince Alexander Duke Octavio would match him to the Duke of Ferrarars sister His reasons The Governess is of the same mind Octob. 1. 1560. The King dissents 1565. and names another Decem. 9. 1560. His Majesties Letter 1565. The King upon further consideration proposes Mary Princess of Portugall The Offer is embraced Edward brother to Iohn the III. son to Emmanuel Her Nobility both by Father And Mother Princesse Maries peculiar commendations Her wit and learning Sanctity of life Childish exercises Modesty Care to preserve it The Low-countrey Fleet sent to transport the Bride 14 day Who left Portugal nobly attended Septemb. 21 Sebastian Morales afterwards Bishop of Japan She is overtaken with a storm at Sea She pitties and helps the poor creatures ready to be drowned Another tempest drives her upon the coast of England She refuses to send her service to Queen Elisabeth She invites an English Lady Begs her two sonnes of her But is denied 3565. One of her ships fired accidentally Her care greater for her Reliques then for her jewels For her soul then for her body She lands in the Low countreys 3. Day Is conducted to Bruxels The Marriage solemnized on the Anniversary of the Institution of the Order Octob. 8. 1430. Emmanuel K. of Portugall Paternall Grandfather to Princesse Mary Charles the fifth maternall Grandfather to Prince Alex. The particular joy of the Knights of the Golden-fleece The Bride and Bridegroom leave the Low-countreys She is welcomed into Italy with great magnificence 1565. Her example reforms Parma Her pious design to beg a Son of God She prayes for and obtains another Ranucio Duke of Parma and Piacenza Cardinall Odoardo Prince Alexanders confidence in her prayers The education of her children Which she dying commends to her Lord. Qu. Blanch with an excellent Prayer 1577. Her patience in the pangs of death The Form of her dayly exerâ—â—se penned by her self The Low-countreys in new trouble Iune 2. Count Egmonts complaints Iuly 22. Octob. 2. His Majesties Letter touching the punishment of Hereticks
The Inquisitours And the Councell of Trent Out of which Heads the Governesse conceives an Edict Novemb. 9. And sends it to the Governours of Provinces Decem. 18. A copie of the Edict 1565. What the Governours of Provinces conceived of the Edict proposed Ianuary 9. Brabant first refuses to obey the Edict Bolduc Some condescension made but it gives no satisfaction Intelligence of many persons of quality in Brabant that were to enter into a League against the Edict March 29. 1550. The Originall of the Low-countrey mens conspiracy some Noblemens sons bred up Hereticks abroad Which coming home wish for liberty of Conscience The Merchants are of the same mind They consult together When they first set afoot their Designe Falling just upon the point of time whilst the Prince of Orange endeavoured to expell the Spanish 1581. 3566. For a long while they are quiet Vpon accasion of the Councell of Trent they shew themselves 1564. And have râ—course to the Princes of Germany About the beginning of 1565. After Promulgation of the Edict they grow tumultuous Printing Libels April 3. And Books against the Inquisition to stir up the people They are troubled with fears and jealousies Brunswick K. Philip. They threatningly inveigh against the Kings Edict Which matures Rebellion The Governess to the King March 25 An Ingagement signed The summe of the Ingagement Which they called the Covenant It s Title or Inscription Many take it These first March 24. They bragge of more Some do it secretly or are but supposed to ingage Of which number was the Prince of Orange Count Horn. Count Hochstrat The Queen of England Onely 400. Gentlemen declare Which had four Protectours All these Conspiratours had not one aim March 15. The Governesses diligence to frustrate their designs She hath intelligence of their resolution to come to Bruxels which frights her very much She summons a great Councel April 3. The Governesse asks the Senatours advice Whether the Covenanters were to be admitted Duke Areschot and Count Barlamont answer negatively The Prince of Orange is far their admission Count Egmont concurs with him Count Mansfeldt is against their coming March 26. So are the Counts Aremberg and Megen How the rest voted Many of them complain of the King The Prince of Orange particularly In these words For the money was lost as we have told you Her Excellence endeavours to give him satisfaction At first in vain But at length he and all seem better contented and the Councell proceeding resolves to admit the Covenanters At the Senates next meeting The Governess speaks to them in this manner April 3. 1566. Of the Edicts Of the Inquisition Which she proves to be neither new nor more severe then former Edicts Then leaves them to the freedome of their Votes Some approve the Edict and would not have the Laws altered The major part dislike it and would have a temporary alteration Rayling at pleasure against the Inquisition as hatefull to all sorts Injurious to the Bishops And opposed by the Covenanters And they prevail The Resolution of the Councell upon both the points To put down the Inquisition So the Covenanters are to be answered Pius V. And to qualifie the Emperours Edicts Why the Governess rather receives then approves this Decree April 3. The Covenanters enter Bruxels Led by Henry Brederod Publickly vaunting They alight at the Prince of Orange's Where with oLords they fall upon turbulent Proposals Afterward Brederod assembles the Covenanters at Cuilemburg-house An additionall Oath taken The form of the Oath From thence they march to the Court. Brederod in the name of them all speaks thm to the Governess And presents her a Petition consisting of three Heads Subjoyning these Complaints out of his Papers To part she answers Part she takes no notice of Put to the question whether the Covenanters should be required to set their names to the Petition presented to the Governess 1556. Resolved that they should not be required to subscribe their names The Governess returns the petion with her Answer annexd Florence Pallantius C. Cuilenburg William C. Bergen Brederod treats the Conspiratours In their cups they would have a title of honour given to their Association and the like to their Generall What Gheuses signifies The Covenanters much taken with the name of Gheuses Ensignes fit for the faction 1566. Their mutuall devotement They take another touch And being foxâ—d Own the style of Gheuses proper for Low-countrey Hereticks 1568. The Gheuses walk the streets Accoutred like beggars But with gallant Medals Arnol. Haven de novis Epise Franc. Haraeus in An. Belg. Fideles au Roy Jusque a la beface An. Societ Jesu in Belg. and shaved like Turks The citie upon this occasion diversly affected Some good springs from this evil â— Lipsius in D. Virg. Haev de init lib. 2. Mich. ab Iffel in Hâ—st sui temp Duke Areschot having done his devotions to our Lady of Hall stamps hers and her sons figure in a Coâ—ne and weares it in his Hat Many imitate him The Governess commends him for it to the Pope J. Ant. Gabut in the life of Pope Pius lib 6. cap. 2. Who gives indulgences to all that weare those Medalls Thus came Medalls into the Church To the great honour of the house of Croi The Gheuses present a new Petition April 8. Angered at the Governesses delay She treates them with fair language And minding them of their duty dismisseth them Brederod goes to Antwerp April 10. May 14. Where the people come to him in multitudes He offers himself to be their Generall And is accepted The subtilty of the Gheuses slandering the Knights of the Golden Fleece with the patronage of their faction In a printed Declaration The Governesse is at first affraid of this kind of Artifice April 13. Which before it can come to be consuted leaves the impression of a wound To which end such things published And serve the turn like temporary scaffolds till the building be up Atlast the Lords denying that any of their Order was ingaged She gives notice of the deceit to the Provinces April 25. Whereupon she dispatches an Embassage for Spain nominating the Marq. of Bergen But not timely enough to all Places And the Lord Montiny 1. montiny sets forâ—ard A Messenger with private instructions goes before him The King gives no dispatch to the Embassadour The Pope moving him to revenge the Asfront offered to Religion Who likewise sends his Legate to the Goververnesse That should extoll her and promise assistance from his Holinesse Delivering his letters to Count Cuilemburg and the Prince of Orange She advises him not to give the letter to the Count But to let the Prince have his whom she undertakes to prepare Decem. 15. 1563. In the mean time excuses her self for not receiving the money offered by the Pope Her Excellence gives the Legate a true description of the Low-countrey Bishops Who is amazed at her Piety and Prudence The impudence of the Gheuses incouraged by
him refused The state of the Provinces Breda besieged by the Genera's of the Confederates Cardinal Granvels Brother A Messenger with a Letter to Don John Discovered Another counterfeit Letter was sent The Town rendred The Perfidiousness of the Garrison Ruremond holds out against the Confâ—iderates Still the Treaty of Peace continues The Queen of England moves for a Cessation of Arms in a threatning way She is not listned to The hope of Peace vanisheth Aprodigious Comet In Novemb. Decemb. 1577. January 1578. Of the Battel of Gemblac Both Armies mustered January 20. Don John's is lesse The enemie's greater But his are better men And more confident for this respect 6. January Pardieu Lord de la Mot. Goigny Commander in chief for the Confederates from 18. 1567. 1576. The Order of his Army Goigny Lievtenant-General to the Arch-duke Matthias for this Expedition Scoutes sent out and an ambush laid by Don Iohn The Catholick Army thus marshalled The Standard Don Johns orders Parties of both sides first skirmish Perotto of Sassoferrata The place of battell Alex. Farneze's conjecture of the enemy His words to the Gentleman of his Horse Curtius He communicates his designe to the Officers about him Henr. Viennius Lord of Ceuravium And they following he first passeth over the Gulph They all together charge the enemies horse And rout them Execution done upon the Confederates army Ianuar. 31. The day won by the horse Christ. Assonv in Relatione sayes One Spaniard was too hard for ten Confederates How great the Victorie Mar. Delr sayes but two were slain Mich. ab Isselt Leo. Belg. Febr. 2. Gemblac besieged by the Conquerours Yielded Mercy shewed to the town And to the prisoners Don Iohn's words to General Goignie The Conquerours commended by Don Iohn Prince Alexander especially With some adâ—â—â—ition Alex. Farneze's Answer His letter to the King in praise of Don Iohn Fâ—br 5. The like Commâ—ndations inserted in many other letters from Prince Alexander to Anton. Perez Marc. Almazar and Marc. Ayemont Feb. 15. Feb. 13. wherein he writes nothing of himself The Deputies of the Estates ignorant of the Victory sit in Councell Their trepidation when they heard the news The Arch-duke and the Prince of Orange flie Lord of Hierg Lovain yields to Don Iohn Feb. 5. And Iudoigne And Tienen Feb. 7. And Areschot Feb. 17. And Bovines Sichem summoned Refuseth to treat Alex. Farneze makes ready for an assault Febr. 21. Ordering his Forces In this manner The fight The Royalists The Sichemers Peter Henriquez and Baraiaz The Town is taken They that flie are cut to pieces The Town plundered The Castle holds out But Alex. Farneze batters down their works And raises new of his own The Castle rendred The Prisoners executed Diestem terrified Feb. 24. Submits And are gratiouâ—â—y used The Garrison-souldiers take Pay of the King Levia reduced Febr. 27. C. Mansfeld attemps Nivel Is repulsed The Town treats with Don Iohn A mutinie in the Catholick Army Don Iohn severs the Mutineers Demands the Principall of them Makes them cast lots for their lives At last one is hanged March 11. The Nivellers render themselves The Garrison suffered to depart without their Arms which are bestowed upon the French A gift that ruins them Mar. Delr l. 5. Turb Belg. saith 200 were lost The like misfortune formerly happened to their Nation Anno 1552. Pont. Heuter l. 3. Thuan. lib. 10. The Frenchmen move for a discharge from the service Duke of Alen-Son Don Iohn easily grants their suit They return in arms against him Part of them slain by surprise Part retire to a Fort. And will take no conditions Towns surrendred to Don Iohn Binch 1554. Malbuge Reux Beanmont Soigniac Barlamont Cimace taken by Assault April 15. The Castle yields Philipvil besieged It 's site 'T is invaded As we read in Cesar Livie and others Don John performing the parts of a Generall and a common souldier It is rendred Upon these terms May 19. 1578. The expedition of Limburg by Don John in his sicknesse committed to Alexander Farneze Why he undertakes it Part of his Forces sent before Iune 7. The Suburbs taken The site of Limburg Vvest Woâ—kes in order to an Assault Prince Alexanders Letter to the Limburgers They defer the sending of their Answer Whereat enraged He hastens the finishing his workes Comes Nicolaus Caesius And begins to batter from the hill A large Breach made The besiegers come up to the City gates A Messenger from the Towne to Prince Alexander His Answer He grants them an houres time to consider The women Supplicate from the walles Iune 16. The Towne is rendred Thought fortified And in a condition to hold out The Conquerours give God thanks P. Alexander summons Dalhem His Trumpet not admitted The Castle batterred To no purpose The Burgundians scale it And take both Castle and Towne by storme Iune 10. With a great Slaughter of the Citizens The sad fortune of a Maid Two Souldiers strive for her and in their struggle use their prisoner most inhumanely Who wounded and halfe dead Is taken from them But immediatly dies The benefit that followed the taking of Limburg Thanks sent to Alex. Farneze by the Princes whose Estates lay neare the Towne To the confederates great griefe at first afterwards to their great joy Vpon a Report that Prince Alexander with diverse more was slaine Coyned by the Prince of Orange Why such kind of newes is often forged What truth was in this Rumour A Miraculous Accident Iune 30. The Deaths of Count Barlamont Count Megen C. Barlamont's Encomion Aegidius Lancelloâ— Charles Don John's prosperous fortune troubles the Enemy Amsterdam attempted by the P. of Orange 1577. November Beates out his men Mar. Del. l. 4. Turb Belg. For which the Women are to be commended February At last the Towne is rendered and deceived The Prince of Orange votes for a Truce March 10. Sellio in the Kings name Treates with the Deputies of the Estates But to no end The Prince of Orange will onely give eare to a Truce Which Prince Alexander likes not March 25. His Letter to his Father Octavio Duke of Parma Neither is it approved of by Don Iohn New Officers from Spaine Pedr. de To. ledo Lopez Figueroa Alphons-Leva Gabr. Serbellonio Iune 22. New supplies of money from the King to Don Iohn To Alexander Farneze To Octavio Gonzaga To Mondragonio To Verdugo To Ant. olivera To Count Mansfeldt New levies in Italy Vnder these Commanders Don Iohn troubled at it Stops their proceedings Three Armies of the Enemy The States Forces The Duke of Alencon's Iuly 19. â—ohn Casimir's Iuly 17. Don Iohn's Councell of Warre Alex. Farneze votes against fighting them August 18. Only Serbellonio concurres with Prince Alexander The rest viz. Gonzaga Mansfeldt Olivera Montin and Mondragonio were of Don John's opinion Especially hearing the Prince of Orange was falne out with Campin And with Hese and Glimè Mart. Delr l. 4 Turb Belg. Don Iohn resolve to fight The site of the Enemy's
he would never have touched the maid and therefore commanded her delivery should be kept private as well to preserve the Mothers honour as his own For the Emperour was not prodigall of his fame in this kind nor with pomp and ceremony brought his by-blows on the stage But the secret lay not long in the Embers being gossiped out by a woman employed as a necessary instrument in such cases She imparted it to her husband he with the same secresie told it to a friend of his for every one hath some he trusts as much as others can trust him just like the rain on the house top which falling from one tile to another and so from gutter to gutter at last is spouted into the high way For when many are of counsel in a business what was every ones secret becomes a rumour to the people Nor did the Mother think it amiss after she was known to have a child that the father of it should be likewise known as if her fault should be lessened by the greatness of his name And shortly the child appeared to be of the House of Austria by her Princely education The Low-Countreys were then governed for Charles the fifth by his Aunt Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and Mary Dutchess of Burgundy The Emperour bred the Infant in the Court of his Aunt under whom he himself in his infancy had been educated Till she was eight years old the child was fostered in the bosome of that Princess After whose decease she was sent to Mary Queen of Hungary sister to Charles the fifth who being left a widow by King Lewis had the government given to her And her neece Margaret grew so like her not onely in her private and publick virtues but by observant imitation the child had the happiness to get her very sense and propensions her gravity and meen The Governess was much delighted in the sport of Hunting whereupon they commonly called her the Forestress as the true Neece to Mary Dutchess of Burgundy that constantly followed the Chase till by a fall from her horse she got her death This Fate appears not onely to be her own but to relate to Maximilian whose other wife Blanca Sforza while she was hunting was likewise thrown from her horse and killed The Dutchess of Parma was so taken with this sport and had so hardened her body with exercise that she fearless galloped after her Aunt over the lawns and through the woods before she was ten years of age As she grew in years she grew to exceed her Mistress in horsemanship she was then betroathed the second time to Alexander Medices of Florence she and her first husband Hercules Prince of Ferrara having never bedded For the Emperour that he might win Alphonso father to Hercules from the French from whom he was offered great conditions by Pope Clement the seventh Courted him upon the self same terms confirming him in the Principality of Mutina and Regio and espousing his Daughter Margaret then hardly four years old to Alphonso's eldest sonne Hercules By these espousals the Emperour gained Alphonso as the necessity of his affairs required But a while after he being drawn again to side with the French and his Sonne Hercules married to Renata Daughter to Lewis King of France The Pope upon his reconcilement with the Emperour among other articles of Peace agreed that Alexander Medices son to that Laurence whom Leo the tenth deposing Feltrio had created Duke of Florence should be settled by the Imperiall Army in the Florentine Principality and that to confirm him therein the Emperour should bestow upon him his Daughter Margaret in marriage Which conditions Cesar willingly signed partly out of respect to his Holyness whose injury he seemed to cancell by this benefit partly in hatred to the Florentines that entering into the Lotrechian association against the Emperour had put their City under the French Kings protection Alexander was forthwith possessed of Florence and the Florentines dispossessed of their liberty But the marriage was not compleated till seven years after Pope Clement being then deceased Nay the match by occasion of the Popes death came into a possibility of breaking upon the solicitation of some great men in Florence who by that seven years protraction imagining the Emperour wavered in his resolution treated with him on great hopes and promises not to admit of Alexander for his son in law but to restore the City to its freedome which they would onely hold of the Emperour But Cesar having past his promise to the Pope in his life time thought himself bound in point of honour to make it good after the Popes decease Especially because he suspected that the Florentines leaned towards the French Nor was he ignorant that a benefit more easily obliges particulars then a multitude and that favours scattered in publick are received by all returned by none The Emperour therefore sending for Alexander from Florence to attend him at Naples and to the Low-Countreys for Margaret who longed to see her Father returned from the Warre of Tunis at a Convention of the Estates and a great concourse of strangers the marriage was celebrated with military Revells wherein the Emperour himself ran a Tilt habited like a Tauny-moor But Margaret being received at Florence as their Dutchess and the Nuptiall solemnities iterated there a great part of the body of the sunne was darkened at the Feast and terrified the Guests Many held it to be ominous who looking with discontented eyes upon the present state and making the heavens speak according to their wishes compared the Dukes fortune to the sunnes splendour suddenly eclipsed Nor did their conjecture fail them for Alexander by the Emperours affinity grown proud and therefore careless fell intemperately to love women and so impolitickly that being secure from forrein force he was with the bait that pleased him easily intrapped by his kinsman Lorenzo Medices of Counsell with him in his pleasures and in hope or under pretence of restoring Florence to her liberty in the seventh year of his Principality before he had been a full year married he was slain His successour Cosmo for the Duke died but not the Dukedome in the first place humbly addressed himself to the Emperour for his consent that he might marry his daughter Princess Margaret thinking it would be a great support to his new and shaking power But Cesar resolved to make his best advantage of his daughters marriage having already obliged the house of Medices by establishing that family in the Dukedome of Florence and having likewise laid an obligation upon Cosmo himself by confirming though many opposed it the Principality upon him sought a son in law among the Farnezes then Princes and gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Octavio nephew to Pope Paul the third and at that time created Prefect of
would return and boldly claim a share in the success On the other part the Cardinalists more slowly followed the Kings business either offended at the Governess or to endear the Cardinall by his absence and to make him the more longed for But the Governess persisted in her desires to bar all hope of his return and wrote to his Majesty many letters wherein she did not a little tax the life of Granvell I suppose to shew she had reason for consenting to his remove Which was the cause why an Officer extraordinary was sent into Burgundy in the Kings name to take the accounts of the Exchecquer and so by the by to examine Granvells actions At this Inquisitours return the Governess made it her suit forasmuch as the Lords suspected Granvells stay in Burgundy had too near an influence upon the Low-countreys and that they likewise said Though his person was absent his Counsels and Directions still ordered the affairs of State his ghost as it were haunting the Low-countryes that his Majestie would please to free the Provinces of that kind of fear and send the man to Rome the place he had long since chosen whither afterward Granvell went of his own accord not by the Kings command For in December the year following Pius the fourth deceasing Cardinall Granvel came to Rome to the Conclave it will not do amiss I suppose to let you know the further progress and end this great man where he was re-imployed by King Philip the show not substance of whose favour he had lost in soliciting all businesses at Rome that nearliest concerned his Kingdome with higher expressions then ever of his affection to the Cardinal By which is evident what difference there is between such as get into favour with a Prince by accident such as are advanced by merit for those if they once fal never rise these their absence ingratiates with their Prince and necessitie restores them to their places And it fell out very opportunely for Granvel who being as ambitious of employment as prepared for present business the League betwen the Princes of Christendome so often begun to be treated so often broken off coming now again in agitation received from the King a large Commission that together with Francis Cardinall Paceco and his Majesties Embassadour Iohn Zuniga he should upon what conditions he thought good make a league between Rome Spain and Venice which he clearing the matters of controversie that daily were revived faithfully and actively endeavoured on the Kings behalf After this he was created by King Philip Vice-roy of Naples and delivered from the Pope to Don Iohn of Austria the Standard and commanding Staff that declared him Generall of the Christian Fleet. After the Popes death coming to Rome he so applyed himself that besides his advancing the Spanish party whereof he was chief he was the principall cause that Gregory the thirteenth to the great benefit of Christendome was created Pope And yet he exceedingly displeased that very Bishop at his return to Naples where he carried himself somewhat more harshly towards he Church then could be exspected from a Prelate of his Robe but not otherwise then we see many sacred and mitred persons do that shew themselves more earnest then the Lay-ministers of Princes to advance their politick Dominion Whether it be their care to decline the suspicion of being for the other party or that their knowledge and emulation discovers the abstrusest points that are to be opposed Nor are they lesse violent for being in holy Orders familiarity and injoyment taking off their respect to that of which they are possessed The Vice-roy Granvell had signed a warrant to his Officers to take out of Marius Caraffa the Archbishops prison a notorious offendour whose cause Granvell said belonged to his Jurisdiction For which fact Marius Caraffa excommunicated the Kings Officers whereat Granvell being implacably displeased laid the Archbishops servants by the heels and sequestred the rents and profits of the Archbishoprick the Popes Nuncio Anthonius Saulio in vain labouring against it and threatning the Popes indignation if he persisted Gregory the thirteenth was exceedingly vexed thereat especially because when this was done at Naples the like was attempted in Castile by the President of the Councel Didaco Covarruvia Bishop of Segovia His Holiness therefore commanded Saulio to go to the Cardinal Vice-roy and directly tell him That unless within so many dayes he would revoke and make null all he had done against the Archbishop and his servants he by the authority given him by his Holiness would turn Granvell out of the Colledge of Cardinalls Which message though some fearing the Vice-royes dipleasure perswaded Saulio to put in milder terms boldly delivered according to his instructions so terrified Granvell that he discharged the prisoners and restored the Bishop to his own Nay he gave the Archbishop a prisoner in exchange for the condemned man taken from him that occasioned the dispute and had been forthwith executed Afterwards he submitted to the Canons with much more care and reverence So you see Threats and Menaces proportioned to the greatest spirits will at last humble them Granvell having now four years governed that Kingdome with great Prudence indeed but not so great regard to Chastity as beseemed his age and scarlet being in some measure reconciled to the Pope returned to Rome From whence three years after he was sent for by the King into Spain being then 62 years old and the Italian affairs of State wholly intrusted to his disposall which was distastfull to some of the Grandees whose weaker and lesser iudgements were eclipsed by his old and solid experience and looked on by him with a kind of scorn I find likewise the King himself was offended with him whilest by too passionately extolling the Actions of Charles the fifth and instancing what he had done upon the like occasions he seemed to urge them as presidents for his sons imitation with a freedome odious to Princes which had ruined many of Alexanders greatest Commanders that spake too liberally in his fathers commendations But Granvell knew he had to do with a Prince enamoured of his merits whose favour towards him he had found rather suspended then extinguished whereof he had this further proof that King Philip going to take possession of the Kingdome of Portugall left Granvell to govern Spain and returning out of Portugall when he made his entrance into Madrid waited on by infinite multitudes and received with the acclamations of all sorts of people he rode through the Town with this aged Cardinal onely on his left hand Lastly three years after Granvell returning from the Citie of Auspurge vvhere he had married the Infanta Katharine King Philips daughter to Eâ—â—manuel Duke of Savoy being now seventy years of age departed this life at Madrid the very day 28 years after the death of the
do neither did he think it would be acceptable to God or safe for Religion but that he might in their deaths prevent all hope of glorying which was the cause of their impious and wilfull sufferings Moreover the Senate was to be so ordered that the Councel of Estate was to superintend the other two Councels of Law and the Treasury but nothing to be concluded before the Governess knew thei◠Resolutions and Reasons This vvas the Effect of his Majesties Letters delivered to Count Egmont But he wrote others to the Governess wherein he gave her to understand That it pleased him not that the Authority of the Senate wherein sate the principall Lords of the Low-countreys be inlarged which both straitens the power of the Governess and might open a way for divers great men enriched by the Treasury to change as from other hands was intimated the present form of Government He likewise commanded Count Egmont to let the Governess know That his Majestie remembred the necessities of the Netherlands which she had so often moved him in and therefore sent her part in ready money part in Bils of Exchange 60000 Ducats to pay the common souldiers and 200000 to be distributed among the Garrisons and for the Governours of Provinces and the Magistrates pensions 150000 and that he would have returned her more for the fortifying of Towns and disbanding of souldiers if he had not been in many places to provide for his Fleet against the Turk But some of this money could not be got of the Bankers because they were not satisfied in Spain Lastly commending the integrity of his Judges and Officers he put the Governess and his Subjects of the Low-countreys in hope that he would make a voyage thither purposely to hear their Grievances and in person to redresse them The same day that his Majestie gave these Letters to Count Egmont he called in Alexander sonne to Octavio Farneze and Margaret of Austria Princes of Parma and Piacenza and delivered him to Count Egmont with these words Among other things which thou art to carry to the Governess I trust thee likewise with this Youth do him those services which the Sonne to my Sister and your Governess deserves Count Egmont kissing the Kings hands again for this speciall favour departed the more pleased because it would add to the Governesses joy for the success of his Embassage that he should bring her sonn a happiness she had long desired Indeed it rejoyced her very much for when she saw her sonne Alexander so well bred so lively spirited yet tempered with such gravity as became one that had been educated in so great a Court under his uncle King Philip she received infinite satisfaction Especially for that Count Egmont together with her Sonne brought her the news of a Marriage intended him by the King Whereupon the Steward of her House the Lord Theuloi was purposely sent into Spain to give his Majestie most humble thanks for his Royall favours conferred upon her and her husband the Duke of Parma by designing such a wife for their Sonne King Philip had been moved about a match for Prince Alexander four years before His Father Octavio was inclined to marry him to the Sister of Alphonso Duke of Ferrara Daughter to Hercules the second and Renè Daughter of Lewis the twelfth of France because he thought it would be a great support to his Power to joyn in alliance with Princes so near neighbours to him and he said which I believe he had from Charles the fifth That as in the Globe of the Earth and Sea the Moon is more predominant then most of the Starrs not because she hath a greater but a nearer influence so we should think of our neighbours And he maintained this opinion as I suppose more fervently because about that time Pope Pius the fourth challenged the Principality of Camertio which he entended to bestow upon Frederick Borromeo his Sisters sonne lately married with his consent to the Noble Lady Virginia Ruveria Verana Octavio therefore weighing in case this dispute might beget a War how much it concern'd him to be in amity with the Duke of Ferrara held it very convenient to make up this Marriage Nor did the Governess disapprove of the designe but in her husbands and her own name wrote about it to the King But he either because he would have no affinitie with a Duke of the French Faction or because he had thought of another Wife for him and had already shewed himself in it answered the Governess in these words ILLUSTRIOUS Princess long since when I resolved upon the Treaty of a Marriage for your Sonn and my Alexander for I esteem him as mine own Sonn with the Daughter of our Uncle the Emperour Ferdinand I did assure my self it would be very well received by you Sister and by the Duke your Husband Nor have your Letters altered my Opinion or what was said to me by Ardinghell in favour of the match with Ferrara She that I have designed him is Daughter to an Emperour and our kinswoman The Duke of Ferrara's Sister and Prince Alexander are of years so disproportionable that it may cause disagreement Indeed I commend the Duke of Parma that seeks the friendship of his neighbours by desiring to match into this family but he ought likewise to consider that so long as he hath me for his Brother and Protectour no man dare presume to trench upon him As he may well perceive by the late change of things when Pius the fourth gave over his attempt For after I had taken care to inform his Holiness of my resolutions and how I am obliged in honour both now and for ever to maintain the Rights of the Farnezes he answered me He would not onely forbear to molest the Duke but would be as much a Patron to his Family as I my self But though I have commanded Ardinghel to signifie this to the Duke yet out of my brotherly love I could not but acquaint you with it that I might satisfie the near relation of our bloud and likewise desire you to insert this my determination in your Letters to your Husband and with all possible speed to let me know both your resolutions But while the Father and Mother remained in suspence and knew not which of these matches they should wish◠the one being more noble the other more advantageous the King upon second thoughts pitched upon Mary Princess of Portugall Daughter to Prince Edward and Isabella of Briganze Niece to King Emmanuel and by his Letters sounding the inclination of the Duke and Dutchess the Match was at once propounded by the King and approved of by all parties For at that time the name of Portugal was glorious a great part of the Earth being discovered by their religious and fortunate Souldiers And King Philip was not onely descended from this House
suspected the Low-countrey men unanimously petitioning for the removall of the Spaniards For the Prince of Orange who had assured himself Don Iohn would never send away the Spanish and consequently never be admitted Governour over the Low-countreys when he heard the Spaniards were departed Don Iohn with a great and generall joy inaugurated at Bruxels whither Embassadours daily came to him from neighbour-Princes the Queen of England her self sending Edward Horsey Governour of the Isle of Wight and that he likewise saw the Prince and Senate by their Commissioners required him with the Provinces Holland Zeland which onely were not included in the League to subscribe the perpetual Edict the man that would upon no conditions part with the Dominion he had now got into his hands answered That the Provinces with him confederated were in conscience barred froÌ„ consenting with the rest to the maintenance of the Romish faith and being pressed by Duke Areschot for he was sent to the Prince of Orange to ratifie the common League he said he could not do it for which his reason was the Faith of Calvine presently putting off his hat and laughing he said to the Duke Do you see this bald crown let me tell you there is not more Calvisme on my head then there is Calvinism in my heart Then applying himself wholly to his business he sent Letters Messengers to the Senators the Delegates of the Estates and all his friends pitying withall reviling them What did they intend whither were their courages judgements fled that they had admitted Don John not onely not inlarging but not so much as swearing to preserve their priviledge Were they so much taken with empty forms of Courtship as not to observe the Bird-call that by sweetnesse of sound brings the free creatures of the air into the net They had now sufficient experience that new Men came out of Spain not new Manners for in that Shop they were all cast in the same would But above all the rest they should beware of this Gentleman puft up with his Imperiall bloud fortune in the wars which if he now dissembled stooping to the civility of a private person the more it goes against the hair with a haughty and tyrannicall nature the sooner would his hypocrisie be laid by and their slavery inhaunsed No proud man carried ever himself like a servant to any over whom he did not hope to be a master Why hath he got a Guard if he be so popular as wholly to confide in the affection of the Subject Can any one doubt whither all these excessive bounties and promises tend wherewith that princely Merchant loads men of merit and no merit Yet some there are who notwithstanding they see this general Munificence traffick for the liberty of the Low-countreys think that fre-men sell themselves into bondage at a considerable rate Wherefore let them look into the man they will find it impossible that he should love the Low-countreys who betrayed to King Philip the Patron of the Low-countrey Lords Charles Prince of Spain The Prince of Orange not thus contented by those he imployed abroad particularly by Teronius Vascho lately come over to his party made it be privately rumoured That the Spaniards and forrein soldiers whose departure had been so longed for by the Low-countreymen let them not deceive themselves lay part concealed in the Province of Luxemburg part stayed in Burgundie part fought against the Hugonots in France and from these places exspected Don Iohns Orders for their immediate return And it was held more credible because of Don Iohn's Escovedo's Letters intercepted in France and about that time published at Bruxels which they said contained complaints to the King against the Estates Reasons for the necessity of a war an humble suit for money to that end All which aggravated by a large printed Comment of the Prince of Orange took away of much of Don Iohns Authority and estimation that whether his Bountie ebbed or flowed when their minds were once possessed with jealousie they interpreted all in the worst sense Those very men to whom he had shewn extraordinary favour advancing them to honours and great pensions on a sudden alienated from him not only shunned his sight as if all his graces had been poured into colanders hearts with holes in them but openly railed at aspersed and now endeavoured to prove themselves disobliged to him by their hatred of him Thus are unsound mind like unsound bodies the more you feed the more you poyson them Nor did the Hereticks leave their knavery thus but represented his words and actions as things of meer design Nay to some that wondered at his unexampled condescentions they told it as a secret That the Low-countrey-men had no great reason to trust the Oath so willingly taken by his Highness for confirmation of the perpetuall Edict Because he had sworn before he came out of Spain not to consent unto any thing in the Low-countreys prejudicial to the King By which Oath he had preing aged himself and as his Religion taught him the later being contrary to the former would not oblige him as being of no validitie A Doctrine long since preached in many Courts and now practised by Princes So the Florentines were deceived by Charles the viii of France who having sworn to deliver Pisa to them when they claimed his promise answered that he had first sworn the contrary to the Pisons When the Prince of Orange found this to work according to his wishes thinking Don Iohn that had parted with his Spaniards and lost the hearts of the Low-countreymen might easily be oppressed he left it to be acted by Philip Mornixius de Saint Aldegund whom he sent to Bruxels for that purpose and by William Horn Lord of Hese both undertaking either by force or stratagem to seiz upon his Highnesse and carry him into Zâ—land Which attempt though it was consonant to the rest of Aldegunds life a man ignominiously wicked who when he was a boy was Calvins auditour and now he himself being an old man preached to others nor less agreeable to the manners of the Lord of Hese especially since the removall of Don Iohn from Bruxels would be much to his advantage that was for be Governour of the Town who being afterwards condemned to lose his head it was thought practised the like against Alexander Farneze Duke of Parma Yet whether they really plotted it as Don Iohn understood from many credible authours or rather by the Prince of Oranges direction were contented with the fear resulting from the report of such a plot I dare not positively affirm For to breed enmity between Don Iohn and the Low-countrey Lords which was the Prince of Oranges end the means would be all one whether they intended or onely gave out that he should be taken prisoner the former being an odious thing
of terrour and therefore sufficiently formidable to that very day were now turned into these great Gunns that he might though absent for ever terrifie the Low-countreys The City of Gant with no lesse alacrity forthwith followed the example of Antwerp so did Utrecht Lisle Valenciens and other Towns which slighting their Forts as if they had shaken off the yoke of servitude kept the Festivall of their new recovered Libertie These actions because they tended to a Rebellion of the People and which more troubled some to the too high advancement of the Prince of Orange his power divers of the Lords yet loyall to the King especially Duke Areschott by reason of the old differences between him and the Prince of Orange spake of choosing a new Governour of the Low-countreys pretending it would strengthen the Estates by accession of greater forces but meaning when the Ruart was out of Commission whom the Nobility with much unwillingness obeyed to balance the Authority of their new Prince And when some named the Queen of England some Francis Hercules Duke of Alenâ—on Brother to the King of France others Matthias Arch-duke of Austria the Emperour Rodolph's brother the Catholicks excepted against Her as an heretick and one that would govern them by a Lieutenant The Duke of Alenâ—on â—on by reason of the constant enmity between the Low-countrey men and the French was not by many so much desired as the Archduke who being of the House of Austria would not so much offend King Philip unlesse some pitched upon the Archduke onely to engage the House of Austria in a Warr among themselves Embassadours to this purpose being sent to Vienna easily perswaded the young Archduke to what he longed for and stealing him away by night with a few in his train brought him sooner then could be imagined into Brabant without the privity of the Emperour Rodolph who as soon as he knew it sent post after him to stop his flight and afterwards wrote Letters to disswade him but in vain from his designe I have likewise heard from good hands that the Emperour was very angry with his brother Maximilian because he had not in time acquainted him of this Plot imparted unto him by the Archduke though Maximilian excused himself because his Brother made him take an Oath that he should not reveal the Secret that night discovered to him unto any man living till the next day at evening But for all this the Emperour escaped not the censure of some that made a farre other construction of the Arch-duke's flight Truly at that very time many men suspected the sending of this youth to govern the Netherlands to be designed that by occasion of this patronage the Low-countreys might come at last to be the Patrimony of the Germane House of Austria a point which Bartholameo Comes Portia the Popes Legate to the Emperour grounding his discourse upon this suspicion argued with some Germane Lords And Don Iohn himself seemed to doubt the Emperours intention For writing to Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma among other passages he sayes Yesterday one brought me Letters from the Emperour wherein he tells me of his brothers departure as he suspects for the Low-countreys without either his Privitie or Allowance Indeed it is a thing that troubles me not a little For though I am not ignorant that it was last year attempted by the Estates yet I could never perswade my self that either the Arch-duke would undertake it or that his Mother the Empresse and the Emperour his Brother would give their assents Howbeit I wonder not so much at the Empresse-Dowager who I believe knew nothing at all of the Designe but am rather grieved on her behalf and fear that her sonne 's levity will much afflict her What I should think of the Emperour I cannot yet resolve because when he knew there was such a businesse in agitation He was so far from preventing it that he never so mâ—ch as like a kinsman sent word of it to the King For mine own part as soon as ever I hear the Arch-duke sets his foot in the Low-countreys I will seriously desire him as I think it concerus both our interests not to joyn nor engage with the Estates If he refuse I shall justly repute him for an Enemie But the Arch-duke was now come into the Netherlands though not yet declared their Governour For the Estates and the Prince of Orange being not sufficiently consulted in the businesse purposely delayed it very busie about preparing conditions to be offered unto the Arch-duke and finally proposing no fewer then thirty one whereby they tied his hands and onely allowing him the honour of precedencie laid the foundation of such a popular Goverment as the Low-countrey men had of old when dividing the administration with their King they did govern and were governed To these conditions when both Catholicks and Hereticks being joyned in a new League had bound themselves by Oath the Arch-duke Matthias first at Antwerp afterwards at Bruxels with great publick joy Shows and Revels was saluted Governour of the Low-countreys And the Prince of Orange his party prevailed so farre that he was added to the Arch-duke not yet one and twenty years of age and a stranger to the Low-countrey affairs that under the name of his Lieutenant he might be indeed his Governour The first Act of the new Government was to purge the House of Lords and discharge all those Senatours that were held ill affected to the Estates choosing new ones in their places which immediately pronounced all Don Iohn of Austra's adherents enemies to their Countrey Soon after the same sentence passed against Don Iohn himself unlesse he departed the Low-countrâ—ys Lastly by the same Senate and the Deputies of the Estates an Oath was framed wherein both the Clergie and Laity should swear to obey the Arch-duke Matthias supream Governour of the Low-countreys and 〈◊〉 defend 〈◊〉 with their Lives and 〈◊〉 till another were created by the King and the Estates but to oppose Don John of Austria as an enemie This Law being passed and in some places in a manner forced entrapped many of the Nobilitie and ruin'd some At Antwerp they began with the Fathers of the Societie because their authoritie being great in the citie it was thought if they acknowledged the Arch duke others might be invited by their example or if they did not frighted by their punishment The Hereticks exceedingly pressed it not doubting but the Fathers whose constancie they had alwayes hated but now wished upon such an occasion which they commonly turned to their honour would in the mean time be banished the Low-countreys William Hese undertook it and meeting Father Baldwin ab Angelo Provinciall of the Iesuites in the Low-countreys advised him to take the Oath in the name of the Societie He who knew that Oath was formed by Hereticks against the
Catholick party excusing himself by the rule of his Order that forbids them to intermeddle with secular affairs resolutely denied nor could by any prayers or threats be brought to swear Whereupon when the Fathers for some few dayes having been incommodated and abused by the Hereticks at length upon the very day of Pentecost their House and Church was besieged by armed Hereticks the doors forced open all as well sacred as profane things plundred and the Fathers violently thrust out of possession and sent aboard the Hollanders with great scorn of the wild multitude to be landed in some other Countrey There happened at this time a passage worthy to be recorded The Fathers were turned out of doors and Pistols set to their breasts till they were searched lest they should carrie any thing away when one of them Iohn Boccace for it is fit posteritie should know the name of a man so stout and pious wanne the admiration both of the Catholicks and Hereticks For calling to mind that upon the High Altar the holy Eucharist was left in a silver vessel he presently slipâ— away from the souldiers and entring the Church full of Hereticall Furioso's with a constantgate and countenance approached the altar and upon his knee adoring Christ reverently drew out of the Tabertacle the Pix but finding it full of little hostes when he saw his dry and gasping mouth was not able to swallow so many on the sudden the man both of a present wit and faith held up the Chalice and carried it to his brethren through the midst of those sacrilegious souldiers none presuming to attempt any thing against him The hereticks being astonished at the miracle of his confidence or rather God approving his pietie and the hope he had conceived of his Divine assistance For if in the commemoration of the not much different Act of Caius Fabius that whilest the Gauls besieged the Capitol went through the enemies camp to the Quirine hil and returned the same way bearing things they accounted sacred in his hands if I say the Romane Historian could affirm that Fabius hoped the gods would be propitious to him from whose worship not the fear of death could deterre him Why may not I a little more prudently argue That he I speak of hoped he should be protected in that service by the same assistance wherewith Christ himself that afforded his presence to the Iews and when he was pleased was inobservable mocked the eyes or at least the hands of such like enemies and moreover That it came to passe by Gods favour terr unerating his rare confidence that a single man among three hundred sculdiers for they were no fewer that with their swords drawn possessed themselves of the Quire and Body of the Church should preserve the Eucharist from the abuses of the Hereticks and the plate from the rapacitie of the souldiers I shall adde another accident which it concerns Religion to insert When the Fathers were expelled the Citie among others that came to see their empty building partly out of curiositie as it often happens to view other mens houses especially the Iesuites partly for most of them were hereticks to feed their eyes with the joy of their enemies misfortunes there was a buffoonly Calvinist who thought himself a Wit that to make the people sport entring the House put forth at a window over the door a wisp of straw upon the end of a white Rod as if he would according to the custome of the Countrey give notice to the Town that the house was visited with the plague The sight moved some passengers to admiration others to laughter of which the Calvinisticall Apelles standing behind his Venus had his belly full and one of them rapping at the gate he within cryed to him What with a mischief would you have Do you not see the Ensigne of Death the Rodde and Wisp before the door All that dweâ—t here are dead of the plague Behold a wonderfull judgement of God the same day when no part of the town was infected with the pestilence the impious jeerers own house was visited and he himself was compelled to weep at home what he had laughed at in the mansion of others The like to this usage befell the fathers of the societie at Tournay Bruges and Maestricht they being for the same causes banished from those Cities having for the companions of their exile in some places the Franciscan Fathers in others honest Priests and such as had the cure of souls By whose departure so much as the Catholick cause suffered so much heresie immediately prevailed and it was apparent how great a benefit their presence was to the publick which in their absence so soon suffered the Calvinists not long after presuming to petition the Archduke and the Estates to establish libertie of Conscience in the Low-countreys And though at first they received a deniall yet the Prince of Orange soliciting their businesse they drew up new and bolder petitions for the same libertie and at the very same time were so bold as to exercise it possessing themselves of some Catholick Churches Insomuch as the Estates for fear of insurrections likely to grow about it especially their care being wholly fixed upon the businesse of the warre were forced to grant the free exercise of Religion in many cities of Brahant Gelderland and Flanders the Archduke and the Catholicks in vain protesting against it But Don Iohn of Austria about the end of the Year was much strengthened by the coming of Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma with his old souldiers out of Italy The Spanish army was commanded by King Philip from the borders of Genoa whither as I told you Don Iohn sent them seven moneths before to march directly back to the Low-countreys to the great contentment of their Colonels and Commanders that conceived themselves by that revocation absolutely restored to the Kings Grace and their own honour Yet their joy was abated by the death of their first Colonell whom they loved exceedingly Iuliano Romero who busie in providing for the departure of his souldiers at Cremona died suddenly of a fall with his horse These forces and others raised in Italy for there had been a great mortalitie among the Spaniards according to the Kings Orders went part before part after the Prince of Parma It was thought most expedient for their speedie march and for the good of those Provinces through which they passed that this armie consisting of six thousand should rather go by troops and companies then in a bodie But the Prince of Parma himself with a small train having appointed Fabio Farneze to follow with the rest of his houshold by long journeys came to Luxemburg in December Before you have the reason of his coming I hold it worth my pains to give you what I know of Alexander Prince of Parma beginning so much higher then I use to do in the
description of other Generals by how much he will be oftner in the Readers eye filling up a great part of our future Annals Nor will it be unpleasing to know Alexander Farneze before his Low-countrey expedition and to compare him in his former life to Himself in the Government of the Low-countreys like Members of a great Bodie every where great Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma Piacenza Governour of the Low countreys But in the interim a nobler cause of war was offered him a generall peace being concluded among Christian Princes against the common enemie Divers considerations incited him to that voyage the ground of the Warre the confluence of noble persons that ingaged and above all the Generall Don Iohn of Austria equally near to him in love and bloud Nor was his Father unwilling to let him go in hope that his sons military inclination would produce great effects howsoever that his fiercenesse would be tamed But his Mother that was powerfull with her husband being against it the Duke said nothing could be done till they knew the pleasure of the King his Uncle In the mean time Margaret of Austria received Letters as she had ordered it from the King wherein he wished Prince Alexander should not go as yet But he beyond measure inflamed with Don Iohns invitation at last prevailing with his Mother and the King furnished himself for the Warrs as young souldiers ever do magnificently Fourty two Gentlemen of Parma and Piacenza followed him and he had three hundred that were a king of Pretorians for his Life-guard men chosen with more then ordinary care by Paulo Vitelli a great Commander most of them having been Captains Lieutenants or Ensignes or at least above the rank of common souldiers With this train Prince Alexander offered himself as a Volunteer to his Uncle the Generall Who then by chance being at the Musters of his Army affectionately embraced him and when he had with the Generalls leave selected four hundred sea-men of the Kings he put them in two Gallyes sent from the Common-wealth of Genoa to be commanded by Comes Carolo Scotto and Pedro Francisco Nicello he himself with his Lieutenant Vitelli and part of his Gentlemen and Souldiers going aboard the Admirall of Genoa Though in the voyage especially before the battel Don Iohn would never let him be out of the Imperiall Galley where he was himself which turned to the benefit of the whole Navie For a verie bitter difference ensuing between Don Iohn and Venerio the Admirall of Venice likely to embroyl the forces of Christendome in a Civil Warre when Don Iohn in his first heat was about to revenge the wrong offered to the Majestie of the Supream Admirall onely Prince Alexander though some failed not to bring fuell to the fire that burned sufficiently in the young Generalls nature had so much power with his Uncle that he kept him from striking the first stroke Till Mark Antonio Columna the Pope's Admiral and the Venetian Embassadour Augustino Barbaricâ— by their wisdom joyned to Prince Alexander's endeavours swifter then imagination dispersed this Tempest threatning destruction to the Fleet. For which service when Prince Alexander came next to Rome Pope Pius commended him before some of the Cardinalls acknowledging both himself and Christendom much obliged to him But when they were upon the place of Battel formerly famed for the victory of Actium won by Octavius Cesar and the ships on both sides put in Battalia Prince Alexander being aboard Columna's Gally in the midst of the Fleet passed into his own the two other Genoa-Gallyes lying to the wind-ward and after aâ—showr of Arrows and Bullets from afarr the ships encounting Alexander Farneze having an eye upon Mustapha Treasurer of the Turkish Fleet with all his force stem'd his Gally and grappling found her a great deal stronger then he imagined She carryed the money and therefore was manned with above three hundred Ianizaries all old and valient Souldiers When they had fought long upon equall termes sometimes one of them setting up their Colours sometimes another Prince Alexander at once inflamed with shame and anger flourishing as he used to do a huge great sword leaped into the Bashaw's Gally and laying about him on both sides like a mad-man by the flaughter of the enemy opened a way to his Souldiers that were so nettled with the example and danger of their General as now all the boldest Turkes being slain the rest would presently have yeiled if the Bashaw of Alexandria had not come in with a strong Gally whereby the Turks both strengthened and encouraged for a while renewed the fight But one of Alexander's Farneze's Gallyes sending in fresh supplies when the Turks could no longer stand the fury of the conquerours Mustapha being in many places run through the body the Bashaw of Alexandria hurt and soon after taken Prince Alexander made himselfe master not only of the Treasurer's Gally but likewise of the Auxiliary ship with so great pillage for his men that some of them got 2000 Sultanies it is a Coin of little lesse value then the Venetian Chechine of gold others 3000 onely out of this Gally of the Treasurers besides what his two other Gallies found in three of the enemies Galliouns and as many of their Galliasses They say that Don Iohn of Austria after the Battel when he heard his Nephew Alexander highly extolled received him with great expressions of joy and love yet praised him with this exception that he boarded the enemy with better successe then judgment they being yet in their full strength and able to have hindred his retreat Which fault he took for an honour and said the reason of his confidence was built upon the sanctitie of his wife by whose prayers to God for him he conceived himself protected and secured so merrily passing over his uncles reprehension Nor was the gallantry of Prince Alexander's minde lesse manifested the year following though with lesse fortune or rather lesse concord of the Christian Nations For the league being renewed and the Christian Fleet somewhat too late after the Battel of Lepanto returned to prosecute their victory in Peâ—oponnesus the new Turkish Admiral Uluciall had now repaired his ships and to avoide the encounter of the League having many times changed his Road now lay at Anchor near the strong Port of Methone And whilst Don Iohn with many offers to fight endeavoured to draw the Turks into the Main he resolved to send Alexander Farneze to besiege Navarinum not far off by land Who with 6000 in two divisions began to batter the Fort with more industrie then successe For the place being all rock or craggy his men could hardly get earth to raise their batteries nor could their tubbs and Gabions filled with earth and stone opposed in stead of a curtain be defence sufficient against the enemies Cannon The Seige was neverthelesse continued
Antonio Olivera and Ferdinando Acosta with some Horse and Foot to discover the Wood-land Countrey and possesse himself of advantageous places Part of his Army he left behind at the bank of Mose under Charles Mansfeldt the greater and stronger part followed him in this order In the Van where he had put the strength of his Cavalry first marched the Light-horse with Pistols then the Lanciers at a distance for defence to both came on the whole body of the Curaciers with their Officers in the head of every Troop some Vantcurrers advancing a little before the Army with small bodies of the fleetest Horse The main Battel was a Square consisting of two Regiments Musketteirs and Pikemen most them Spaniards and Germans their Colonels likewise leading up their men The Rere contained a Square Battalion of Wallons safely flanked with their Carriages and Baggage the Burgundian Carabines riding mingled with them The Van-guard was commanded by Octavio Gonzaga the Rere-guard by Ernest Count Mansfeldt this Camp-master he General of the Horse In the midst was the Generall himself Don Iohn of Austria with the Prince of Parma attended by the Life-guard whence appeared the Royall Standard in which Don Iohn as he had conceived an extraordinary confidence in the Divine Assistance under the triumphall Crosse of Christ had caused these words to be written In this signe I did vanquish the Turks and shall the Hereticks He had not marched farre but he came within sight of the enemy and learning the Confederates designe from a couple of Prisoners taken in some light skirmishes by Olivera presently drew out near six hundred horse Lanceirs and Carabines and intermixing with them one thousand foot Pikemen and Musketteers gave them in two divisions to Octavio Gonzaga and Christophero Mondragonio ordering Gonzaga to charge the enemy in the Rere but so as not to engage their whole Forces till he with the Prince of Parma and the rest of the Army were come up At first he obeyed and skirmishing onely galled their last Troops till Gonzaga saw Perotto of Sassofferrata who that day commanded the Troop of Camillo Montio so farre advanced that he feared the enemies whole Army would be rashly drawn upon him before Don Iohn could advance He therefore presently sent one upon the spur with command that Perotto should immediately retire without ingaging himself and his horse But he for the command was proudly delivered resenting it with indignation as if he were held a coward bad the man with his imperious importunity be gon and tell Gonzaga that Perotto never yet turned his back in a battell nor could now if he would There was upon the flank of the Forces wherewith they skirmished a high way deep in mine and water more like a Bog then a Road which the enemy declining march'd in a way that would receive fewer a breast Thither Prince Alexander had galloped up to see how things went for Don Iohn kept the Prince from fighting as if he had use of him to order the battell and to send in supplies and observing that the enemies horse either by reason of the ill way or out of their hast to reach Gemblac marched in no little disorder which he conjectured by the waving of their pikes tangling and crossing one another he resolved to exspect no longer but catching a Lance from the Gentleman of his horse and getting upon one of Camillo a Monte's charging-horses better managed then his own his eyes and face speaking the language of a Battel and looking upon the Gentlemen Go said he to the Generall and tell him that Alexander Farneze remembring the old Romane will cast himself into the gulph and hopes by Gods grace and the fortune of the House of Austria to bring out of it this day a certain and a glorious victorie Then shewing those about him how advantageous it would be if advancing a little they would plunge through and charge the enemie in the flank his fervour and example with the same violence drew along the valiantest Hors-commanders Bernardino Mendoza Giovanni Baptista Camillo a Monte Ferdinando Toledo Martinengo Viennius Mondragonio and many more And he himself riding among the Horse of Mutio Pagano Captain-Lieutenant to Mondragonio entred the bog followed by all those gallant Cavaleers and when a few of them yet tugging the rest had fortunately passed over and got field room to ease their horses encouraging one another they made a little stand till they ranked themselves in one equall front Then riding full speed Alexander Farneze in the head of them they charged the enemie so home with their Lances Gonzaga seconding with the rest of the Cavalry and Don Iohn still sending in fresh men that the Confederates Horse this division being amazed had presently wheeled off if their Commanders perswasions and threats and the example of their betters had not stopâ— them for a while But having once taken a thorow-fright their minds being conquered at last they turned their backs and flying precipitately fell foul upon their Foot that stood behind breaking their Ranks riding over some and leaving the rest to the furie of the sword So as their Foot forsaken by their Cavalry especially those in the middle that were first broke by the flight of their own men and the impression of the enemy charged in the Rere and Flanks by the Kings horse that fiercely now pursued their Victorie Goigny labouring but in vain to rally them were all miserably cut to pieces Seldome was known more bloud spilt and a battel sooner won by fewer men and with so little losse Seldome was better experience made how much the strength of either side consists in hoâ—se For by six hundred Horse they were no more that began and but twelve hundred when they won the battel full ten thousand Foot were part slain part taken prisoners and the rest of the Armie no lesse then eight thousand Horse in the space of an hour and an half with the losse of onely nine of the Kings men were routed thirty four Colours taken with their field-pieces and almost all their Carriages and Baggage Their Generall himself and some persons of qualitie came into the enemies power the rest with the greatest part of their Horse that ran at first got basely off flying so me to Gemblac most to Bruxels Nor secure at Gemblac though it was fortified upon the approach of the victorious Army diverse before the assault fled further into Brabant the rest promised to render upon certain conditions But Don Iohn refusing to give any they yielded themselves and the Town to mercy Nor was this a contemptible addition to the Victorie For the enemie determining to make Gemblac the seat of the Warre had victâ—alled it for many moneths and laid in Arms and store of Ammunition which came all into the Conquerours hands The Town destined for a prey to the souldiers by a
by the thunder of the Cannon then by this slow and silent weapon of the Pioner whence souldiers have a Proverb that 't is the spade and pickax which build and destroy Forts Therefore after he had drawn a line about the town and brought his trenches near the ditch Don Iohn commanded the Pioners working under long and thick boards in the form of a Tortois covered with raw hides to secure them from Granadoes anciently called Vineyards and Galleries to enter the ditch and with their Pickaxes and Spades to undermine the foundation of the wall Which whilst they guarded by the souldiers strongly endeavoured the defendants sallying out and at the same time others from the walls pouring down stones and wild-fire they had divers bloudy encounters with great losse on both sides Don Iohn in the mean time omitting no duty either of a Generall or Gentleman so as at the works he both called upon and contended with the common souldier At last the hearts of the besieged no lesse shaken then their walls partly being divided among themselves so that first they imprisoned Florineus Governour of the Town for favouring the Royalists and afterwards released him partly upon news of the defeat of those forces which to relieve the Town the Prince of Orange sent for out of France they began a Treatie demanding indemnitie for the Citie and that so many of their souldiers as would serve the King might have three moneths pay then due to them from the States the rest to be suffered to depart with drums beating Colours flying and the wonted pomp of souldiers that carry out the funerall of a citie Their demands being granted almost five hundred of the Garrison changed their service As many with one Troop of Horse departed the Town reduced to the Kings obedience was continued under the Command of their old Governour Florineus The End of the ninth Book The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The tenth Book IN the meane time Don Iohn of Austria having by his daily and nightly Labour contracted a weaknesse of Stomacke and a Languishing of his whole Body whilst he went to Namure for his health left the Army to Prince Alexander But first holding a Councell of Warre about the besieging of Limburg which it was feared would otherwise do much hurt to the Province of Luxemburg he commended that Service to the Prince of Parma He willingly undertooke it and the rather because he hoped to fight with Iohn Casimir Brother to the Prince Elector Palatine who it was said would bring his Army that way into the Low-countreys thereby to vindicate as he told the great Commanders the honour of the Royall Army which in some men's Letters was aspersed as if they shunned the Enemy and durst not come to a Battaile with the States but that declining the Encounter they carryed the Warre up and downe only to bug-beare Townes and Villages Therefore Prince Alexander sending before Gabriell Nignio a valiant Spanish Colonell with seven Colours of Musketters and commanding Camillo a Monte should follow with the Horse to second Nignio when he stormed the Suburbs of Limburg hee himselfe about Midnight moved with the Spanish and Wallon Foote leaving Fronsberg's Regiment to conduct ten peice of Cannon that came after And Nignio beating the first Companyes that opposed him afterwards with some losse taking the Suburbs got a huge booty of Cattell and Victuall But as it was a worke of too much time to besiege the Towne so it seemed of too much difficulty presently to storme it For Limburg stands upon a high Rock the Valley about it being all craggy and therefore saue only by the higher ground towards the South inaccessible Besides it might be relieved by the River Vuest running through the Towne All this troubled not Prince Alexander who Viewing the Place chose a Hill whereon to plant his Cannon betweene which and the Towne was the smoothest part of the Valley From the Hill he commanded the Pioners to run a Trench sloping downe into the Valley and from thence to carry it within sight of the Towne thence turning againe obliquely to bring it to the Sconce at the very City gate whilst the rest of his Workmen on the other side undermined a Tower at some distance from the Castle shooting out like a promontory In both Works was more of Terrour then Danger to the Towne For they had scarce broke the Earth two foote deepe when they were hindred by Rock Yet making blindes of Boughs they defended their Trenches against the Shot from the Walls Prince Alexander himselfe hastening the men at worke sometimes visiting the Diggers sometimes the Miners He likewise used gracious Invitations to the Limburgers sending them Letters by a Trumpetter Wherein he forbare to reprove but rather admonished them as assured of the Victory and only carefull not to destroy the King's City and Subjects by the Sword They receiving the Letter from the Trumpetter at the Gate and reading it in publique bade him returne at the same houre next day But when he came they told him no Resolution could be Pitcht upon by reason of the difference betwixt the Townsmen and the Souldiers but if he would come yet once againe he should the day following have an absolute Answer Prince Alexander knowing that the Besieged used such trifling Delayes only to gaine time forbade the Messengers to go any more conceiving it below the Dignity of the King's Army and that it would show like a Confession of some Weaknesse but was more industrious in advancing towards the Towne his Trenches on the one side and his Mines upon the other Comes Caesius overseeing the Workes a bold and active man He himselfe fortifying the Hill with Trenches and Pallisadoes setting up Gabions to be filled with Earth and turfe and drawing Cannon upon their Cariages in sight of the Enemy that shot continually watched two nights both hideous ones that with raine from Heaven this with Thunder from the Walls But the Battery beginning at the breake of day with nine great Cannon from the Hill when the Limburgers saw their Walls shaken and a great Part thereof no lesse then thirtie Cubits beaten downe in foure houres space and likewise a Trench brought downe the hill a thing they held impossible by which the Souldiers marched under covert and were ready to assault the Port Instantly sending to Prince Alexander the Towne earnestly beseeched him a little while to respite the Assault and grant a Cessation of Armes but for an houre for their last consultation The Prince of Parma though it was a welcome Message because he well knew unlesse they yielded of themselves it would be a long Worke to force them Yet lest his facility in condescending might argue some diffidence in his Strength putting on a face of Terrour he angerly told the man there had beene now going and coming
enough nor was it necessary his Souldiers should purchase that by other mens Consultations which shortly would be their owne by the Law of Armes Howbeit to mix Clemency with Threats he bade him tell the Limburgers that he would not deny them an houre 's Deliberation but if they dallyed any longer he would come with a Mischiefe to them and breake off their Debate The Cannon scarce left playing when a Croud of Women appeared upon the Walls with their little ones in their armes their hands lifted up to the furious Assailants and begging Peace and Pardon on their bended knees In the very same houre the Limburg-Commissioners though the Governour would have hindred it securing the Lives and Fortunes of the Townsmen and Souldiers rendred the City and Castle to the Prince of Parma All the Garrison about 1000. taking the new Oath were entertained into the King's service Only the Governour infinitely detesting the basenesse of his men was suffered with his Wife to go for Aquisgrane But Prince Alexander entring the Towne and viewing the new Fortification defensive Bulwarkes and Sconces turfed and pallisadoed stronge as Castles with all that had been done upon the place by the ingenious Engineer besides 15 great Brasse-Cannon and many lesse as also no little Magazine of Armes and Ammunition then measuring the greatnesse of his Victory he himselfe gave thanks commanding the like should be solemnly done by the Army to God the God of battailes by whose Favour a Towne of that Strength not to be taken without much paines cost and losse as 't is usuall of the best Souldiers so easily and without bloud ignorant of its owne power had yielded to him The same day the Prince of Parma appointed his great Officers to attacque the remaining Cities of that Province some one some another And all within a few dayes obeyed his Summons except Dalhem that was stormed Thither Prince Alexander sent Camillo a Monte with a Letter exhorting the Towne to returne to the King's obedience But the Souldiers of Holland and Gelderland not above two hundred and fifty which held the Castle shot at the Messenger and would by no meanes suffer a Parley or the Delivery of his Letter Upon notice hereof the Prince of Parma wondring at so much confidence in so small a Towne calling to him Henry Viennius Lord of Ceuranium Go said he to Dalhem take Cannon and shoote me a Letter into the Towne He speedily carrying along six great Gunnes with his Regiment of Burgundians and foure Colours of Germans daunted the Towne and turning his Cannon upon the Castle into which Souldiers had retreated that would soone die then yield he began a fierce but fruitlesse battery for the Walls were as stubburne as the Men and easily bafled the Cannon Till the Burgundians undertaking the Scalado set Ladders to two sides and with incredible courage fighting hand to hand upon the Walls with various successe at last with the losle of ten though many more were wounded they stormed the Castle and the Towne with such a Slaughter of the Defendants of whom not one escaped and Towns-men that no age no sex was spared but the Army long affronted and kept off poured their fury like a Torrent equally on all Where an accident hapned as sacrilegious as barbarous Into a Church for Sanctuary with the rest of her weake Sex fled a maide of about 16. yeares old Daughter to the Governour slaine in the Assault and now to be registred among the Examples of unfortunate Beauty She handsome both in her person and her Dresse was taken notice of and immediately seized by a couple of Souldiers one a German the other a Burgundian who quarrelling about the prize tugged the poor Lady in vaine objecting the Reverence due to the place and crying out for succour which was all she could to God and his Saints But while they fought she being in the middle either by chance or by the malice of him that found himselfe the weaker receiving a cruell wound in her neck all bloudy she fell downe upon the floore the other was about to have revenged it when a great sort more coming in the man lest he might lose his prize and some other should enjoy her mad with Rage struck at the maide looking about her in hope to make an escape and holding up her hands to the rest whom she thought more mercifull and with his Sword gave her a deadly cut under the Eare ready to double his blow if the Company one of which was Signior Paulo Rinaldo a confident to Prince Alexander that lifted up his voyce and sword together had not in time frighted the villaine But the two Souldiers knowing Rinaldo's Intimacy with Prince Alexander in feare of his Authority ran away Rinaldo carrying her to her Father's House with much humanity tooke care of the Lady and instantly sent for Chirurgeons to dresse her but she past all cure was scarce laid upon her bed when she gave up the Ghost leaving indeed a foule blot upon the Catholique Army which notwithstanding would have been washed out with the bloud of both the Ruffians if they condemned with the generall execration and searched for to be executed had not prevented punishment by running quite away But the PrinceS of Parma in the space of twenty dayes losing just that number of his men with so little damage recovered for the King the whole Province of Limberg a very great Addition at this time to the Royall Party not so much for the greatnesse of the Province which is indeed but little compared unto the rest as for the opportunity of keeping out the enemy which might easily by that way have come from Germany Besides the private benefit likewise accruing to the Neighbour-Princes particularly to the Bishop of Liege and the Duke of Iuliers both which by severall Embassies congratulated Prince Alexander for the happy course of his Victories either of them giving thanks in his owne behalfe especially for the destroying or removing the Garrisons of Limburg and Diestem that daily robbed their Subjects But the newes of this Victory awakened diverse Passions in the States at Antwerp Griefe at first when they heard Limburg was taken excessive Joy when it was rumoured through the Towne and a printed Pamphlet likewise published that the Castle of Limburg the Magazine being fired was shattered to the ground the Spanish Commanders miserably and deservedly blown up the Prince of Parma Mondragonio Heirg and the other great Field-Officers buried in the Ruines and that Don Iohn of Austria was run mad upon it and resolved to make his Retreat from the Low-countreys All this appeares to be forged by the Prince of Orange that he might the easier keepe up the people's hearts dejected with the Austrian victories by making a fained since he could not make a reall Slaughter and likewise that the rest of the money
men to defend our Remainder of the Low-countreys against the Conquerour But they will not be so much indangered by the losse of a Battaile For if that Army we march against be routed they can recruit assisted on the one part by Duke Alencon and his French-men on the other by Prince Casimir and the still increasing German Succours But in case which is to be hoped from God's goodnesse and our Souldiers Courage the Catholique Army shall with a better Cause likewise have the better Fortune with how much bloud with what exchange of Gold for Drosse must we buy the victory fighting before their Campe with their fresh and intire Forces But when we have thus weakned our selves by conquering if the French that watch all occasions fall upon us how I feare our Conquest will be followed with a farre greater misfortune we indeed shall have the Honour of the Day but others reape the profit In summe we may be victorious in the Battaile and vanquished in the Warre Wherefore since in this our voluntary expedition we may in reason feare almost the same Disaster whether conquered or conquering my opinion is that we should give off the attempt and at present check this Courage rather great then fruitfull Don Iohn thought this speech of the the Prince of Parma's more true then gallant and therefore besides Gabriel Serbellonio one that Don Iohn used to call Father and to preferre his judgement before the rest none of all the Councell of Warre was of Prince Alexander's mind And the Generall carried it for assaulting of the confederates Campe before they should be reinforced with new supplies Count Mansfeldt the Campe-master held it a point of Honour for the Royall Army to rouse the enemy within covert that trusted more to the place then either to their Armes or Valour The Generall of the Horse Octavio said the Souldiers Alacrity must be used before Delay had dulled it and that they were to follow the happy presage of victory expressed in their unanimous consent to fight and a successe was to be hoped especially at this time by reason of the enemi's Discord For Federick Perenot Lord of Campin by the Prince of Orange's Command was sent Prisoner to Gant and his House at Bruxells plundred because he was reported to be making his Peace with the King by meanes of his Brother Cardinall Granvell and indeed he was discontented that the Prince of Orange slighted him in Comparison of Aldegund The like was by the Prince of Orange attempted upon Hese and Glimè both which they say upon a rumour of the Prince of Oranges Murder Spread by his owne Ministers and Direction very ominously for himselfe only to try the faith of others expressed no dubious signes of Ioy. And therefore in imitation of the Battaile at Gemblac they having now intelligence of like divisions among the Confederates their Arm factious and destitute of these Commanders should be forthwith assaulted and no doubt but the like Successe would follow as Don Iohn concluded The Battaile therefore being now resolved on Mutio Pagano and Amator of Abadien Officers of Horse sent Spyes to discover the Enemyes Campe and to Chuse the ground where they should fight brought back word That the Confederates Army was intrenched not farre from Machlin the Rere guarded by the Village of Rimenant the Flanks with a Wood and a Fen their Front with a Trench and a Line drawne betweene both the Flanks Before that Trench was an open Plaine very commodious for drawing out the Enemy to Battaile but they found no Avenue to the Village but one neare the Wood on the left hand a way that would only hold six or seven men a breast Vpon this Discovery Don Iohn sending back some Companyes to garrison the Frontire-Townes for keeping out the French moved from Tienen and passing over his Army at Areschott-Bridge the second dayes March he came within sight of the Enemy and knowing the Plaine by the Description his Scouts had made he presently imbattailed his Army consisting of 12000 Foote and 5000 Horse Then the Prince of Parma whilst Don Iohn put his men into Battalia was a very earnest Suiter in case they fought that day that he might lead up the Spanish Infantry ordered to begin the Battaile to demonstrate as I conceive that his Courage to advance the Expedition was no lesse active then his Counsell formerly to retard it Don Iohn admiring the Greatnesse of his Spirit and Contempt of Danger at first put him off at length consented because he knew it would be of great Concernement under whose conduct that Battalion should march which must give the Omen to the Victory But till they joyned Battaile he would have Prince Alexander's Company to ride about the Field with him In the interim his Army was drawne out in the entrance of the Plaine and by the ordinary sound of Drums and Trumpets challenged the Enemy to fight Where expecting for three houres and the Enemy not moved with any kinde of Invitation to the Field still keeping within their Trenches Don Iohn called Alphonso Leva that commanded an extraordinary Regiment of Musketters said to him GoAlphonso put thy selfe and thy men into that narrow way betweene the Wood and Trench as if thou hadst a designe to enter the Village in despight of their Army no doubt but they will oppose thee when they come on do thou retire to draw them into the Field Withall he commands the Marquesse a Monte with three Troops of Curassiers and Lanciers to bend that way and be in the Rere of Leva's Foote The Enemyes whole Army under the Arch-duke and the States was commanded by Maximilian Hennin Count of Bolduc an experienced and wary Souldier He intending to frustrate Don Iohn's indeavours either by sitting still or acting with some Stratagem commanded Iohns Norreys an English Colonell who defended that Post to meete the Enemy but so as not to fight at too great a distance from the place The Battaile was therefore begun betwene the Spanish and English very gently at first for neither Leva nor Norreys meant to ingage very farre till to relieve the English because many of them were slaine Count Egmont coming in with his Reserve of Horse A Monte likewise immediately advanced with His. Against Robert Stuart also bringing up with him some Scotch Foote Don Iohn sent Ferdinando de Toledo with the rest of those active Foote under his Command and Camillo a Monte in the Rere of them with two Cornets of Horse he himselfe moving forward in Battalia with the whole Army in hope of a generall Battaile with the now irritated Enemy The Prince of Parma also leaping off his Horse tooke the place which he had so earnestly desired among the Spanish Infantry and appeared in in the head of them with his Pike in his hand And now the Forlornes of both Armyes fell on not like
Government of the Low-countreys then designed him he would not so much as come to Court but went to the house of Anthonio Perez to linger there till he found whether the King would allow him place as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State But the King that went out of Towne lest he might discontent his young Brother with the Assignation of his Place stayed on purpose in the Countrey receiving him more affectionately then magnificently at Villa Pardo And from thence exaggerating indeed not falsely the Necessity of the Provinces sent him presently into the Low-countreys His Majestie 's Suspicion also appeares by the Instructions he gave Don Iohn at his Departure The first and last whereof was that he should quiet the Provinces upon any Conditions whatsoever but a Warre so as he did it with a Salvo to Religion and Allegeance For though the King now weary of the infinite Expences of that Warre wished this might be the only Meanes of settling the Belgick Tumults yet howsoever I belieue his Majesty who thought nothing secure unlesse suspested would not have continued the Command of an Army to one person lest he should at last have established a Power irrevocable For the same reason when there was Necessity of a Warre Money to pay the Army came very sparingly from Spaine For this very reason the King's eares were open to the Low-countreymens Complaints accusing Don Iohn as longing to be in Armes Nay to confirme this Suspicion of the King 's I doubt not but the Prince of Oranges Designe was layed when he wrote Letters to a Friend in France which assured him that Don Iohn was to marry the Queene of England adding that for his perticular Service therein Don Iohn had given him hope of the free Exercise of Religion in the Low-countreys Which newes Vargas the Spanish Embassadour in France that carefully pried into all Occurrences privately sent post to King Philip. Whereupon followed the death of Iuan Escovedo as the man that put him upon it I cannot believe this of Don Iohn though sometimes troubled and crossed even to desperation Many Arguments rather induce me to thinke it a Finesse of the Prince of Orange to alienate the King from his Brother But the Causes of Escovedo's Death and the Tragedies insuing thereupon in Spaine as fitter for the Stage I leaue to Writers covetous of such Subiects Nor to any other end a newes which they heard in Spaine was the Principallity of the Low-countreys lately offered to Don Iohn For one of the Low-countrey Lords as an expedient for quieting the Provinces exhorted Don Iohn to take upon him Soveraigne Authority offering to serve him in it with the Nobility and ensuring the Event Which though it so highly displeased him that he drew his Stilletto not as once Germanicus Caesar did who turned the point upon himselfe but to have stabbed that perfidious and fraudulent man who with such impudent Counsell tempted his Loyalty Yet because this passed without Witnesses it was liable to the Censure of those that ever thinke the worst And some kinde of Suspicions no Innocence can absolutely cleare But I believe this bold and subtill Invitation was made not to bring the Lowcountreys into Don Iohn's Power but to fill the King's eares listning after such Rumours and to make him jealous that his Brother would not all wayes retaine that Modesty and that it therefore concerned the King in Wisdome to provide that what his Brother once modestly refused might never more be in the Power of his Acceptance Nor was King Philip now to be taught the Art of Iealousy being no lesse prudent in keeping then fortunate in amplifying his Dominions And Don Iohn daily found by new proofe how jealous the King was of him not satisfied by the compliance of the private life which he had so long indured Hearing likewise of Escovedo's death whom he had sent into Spaine to procure Money and other warlike Necessaryes for whose returne he had so often and so anxiously sollicited and every day finding himselfe in greater Straits deserted as he openly complained by the King and exposed to the Scorne of his Enemyes this Prince of great Spirit and hope too much remembring his bloud by the Father's side languished into a Consumption But whether besides his Griefe a poyson strong enough to kill him there might be another Dose given for they that saw his Corps found shrewd Signes of poyson I will make no Determination as in a thing commonly obnoxious to Presumptions of that Nature Though there wanted not some that watched to murther him as I am well assured by Alexander Farneze's Letters to his Father Duke Octavio And it was sufficiently evident two Englishmen being apprehended that had undertaken to kill him that very Month wherein he dyed which a while after examined and convicted of the Crime were by the Prince of Parma put to death But by what meanes soever his fate was brought about it was deplored with extraordinary Commiseration And seldome was it knowne that any Army with higher praises of his vertue mourned foâ— their Generall There were that compared Don Iohn and Germanicus together For their Beauty for their Yeares being 33 for the many battells they had fought in Places neighbouring upon Holland For the Court-Iealousyes upon them and for the Rumour of their approaching Death Others paralleld him nearer with his Father Charles the fifth Both had the same Birth-day almost the same Day of Death and like Expeditions by Sea and Land against the Moores and Turkes The Kingdome of Tunis was conquered by them both King Muleasses was reestablished in his Throne and Barbarossa outed by Charles the fifth King Amida Son to Muleasses but the Deposer of his Father deposed himselfe and Mehemet crowned was by Don Iohn carryed away among his Spoiles and Prisoners The Father had ended more Warres for he had lived more Yeares The Son in one Navall Victory equalled all his Father's Triumphs And no doubt but if he had injoyed his Fathers Power and alone commanded Kingdomes and Armies he would have made his Fame as glorious They likewise added things for the most part triviall and obvious to all Comparers That both by like artificiall Courtesyes quickned their Followers Hopes but he by bestowing Titles of Honour much increased the Nobility this remunerated the merits of his Souldiers because he had no other Meanes of Satisfaction with magnificent Words somtimes with a suddaine Expression of Ioy giving his Hatt or Stilletto to a Souldier Indeed calling every common Souldier by his name his Memory served instead of a Reward Both of them brought up fashions that added to the handsomenesse of the Body especially of the Head Charles the fifth when he came into Italy to be crowned Emperour was the first that to ease himselfe of the head-ach cut off his haire the great Courtiers following
his Fashion and Example So as the wearing of long haire esteemed so much for many Ages in one man's Imitation was by all left off And also first Don Iohn because the haire on the left side of his temples grew upright used with his hand to put away all the haire from his fore-head and because that baring of the Fore-head looked handsome in him thence came the Fashion of combing and keeping the haire up in somuch as that kind of Foretop is in some places called an Austrian Finally in the last Scene of his life Don Iohn himselfe wished to be like his Father and as He resigning his Kindomes hid himselfe in solitude among the Hieronymites at Saint Iustus so Don Iohn a few months before his death would have done among the Hermits of Mount Serrat in Spaine for ever after to serve God who as he said would and could do more then his Brother Philip. Which Determination whether it was the issue of Piety or of the improsperous Successe of his Affaires I cannot easily distinguish Nor must omit that wherein Don Iohn of Austria farr exceeded his Father Charles the fifth the Purity of Mind which his Governesse the Lady Vlloa had so inamoured him of from his Infancy that all his Life long he persevered in it and could not rest quiet if never so little a Sinne lay upon his Conscience Therefore twice every Month which was his constant course he came to Confession his Soule being a true Prince that could not brooke the basest Servitude Nay he never undertooke any Expedition or fought battaile but first by an exact Confession of his Sinnes he implored God's Mercy Which Care of himselfe in a Prince tempted to greatest license by his age handsomenesse and Place of Generall I suppose will be so much the more esteemed by how much this Piety is rarâ—r amongst Souldiers and by how much a Circumspection of this nature uses not to be alone nor unattended by a traine of many Vertues Moreover if one should adde this to his military Praises and diversity of Warres that before he had beene trained a Souldier he commanded as a Generall and to the Immensenesse of his Courage that he was never daunted by any Enemy either greater in number or reported by Force to be invincible and to his Felicity in all battailes that he came off perpetually a Conquerour at least never conquered truly wee may justly number Don Iohn among the most valiant and fortunate Generalls that ever were The day after his Death the Colonells of severall Nations contended which of them in the funerall Pompe should have precedence as Bearers of the Corps The Spaniards pretended because they were the Kings Countreymen The Germans because Don Iohn was their Countreyman The Low-countreymen disputed the Prerogatiue of the Place But the Prince of Parma instantly decided the Controversy in this manner That his maeniall Servants should carry the Body out of the Court where it should be received by the Colonells of that Nation whose Quarters in the Field used to be next the Generalls they were to deliver it to others and those againe to others that quarter'd farther off In this Order the Horse and Foote marching on either side the Corps in compleat Armour was carryed from the Campe at Buge to Namure with a Crowne upon his Head according to the funerall Ceremonies of the ancient Princes of the House of Burgundy Though others because diverse Irish Lords with the Popes Consent had offered him the Kingdome of Ireland which he would not accept till he knew whether it would be approved of by King Philip imagined out of that respect this Marke of a King was given to his Modesty His bed was stiâ—l supported by Colonells and Captaines of that Nation whose Horse followed the Corps fresh men still easing the wearyed of their burthen till it came to the Magistrate of Namure Foure Mourners attended the body Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt Campe. Master Octavio Gonzaga Generall of the Horse Pedro de Toledo Marquesse of Villa-Francha and Iohn Croi Count of Reuse this a principall Commander among the Low-countreymen he among the Spaniards each of them holding in their hands a corner of the Herse-Cloth A Regiment of Foote as the custome is went before with their Pikes and Muskets reversed coloâ—rs furled and all the other Complements of Sorrow Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma followed in close Mourning with a heart sadder then his Robes excepting only so farre as the care of the distressed Army delivered to him diverted the current of his Griefe The funerall State ending in the great Church at Namure and Don Iohn's bowells being there buryed Prince Alexander laid his Vncles body in a temporary Tombe expecting what Commands the King would send from Spaine For at his Death Don Iohn desired three things might in his name be moved to his Majesty That he would command his body to be buryed in in the Sepulchre of Charles the fifth That his Mother and brother by her might be received into his Royall Protection And that he would remunerate the Service of his Followes whom he had long sustained with hope with some reall Bounty he himselfe having not had wherewith to pay them He made no Mention at all which is wonderfull of his Daughters For Don Iohn had two Daughters Anne and Ioane this at Naples by Diana Phalanga a Surrentine Lady that at Madrid by Maria Mendona a Maide of an illustrious Family and Beauty Anne was privately bred by Magdalena Vlloa Don Iohn's owne Foster-Mother and went from thence after she was seven years old to a Nunnery of holy Virgins at Madrigall Ioane for allmost as long a time was educated by the Dutchesse of Parma Sister to Don Iohn after whose death she sent her to be bred up in a Monastery of the Order of Saint Clare at Naples But She by Command from the King was translated from Madrigall to Burgo's a House of Benedictin Nunnes whose perpetuall Abbesse she was chosen This after she had lived twentie yeares in the Cloister at Naples was at last married into Sicilie to Prince Butero Both these Ladyes in one yeare in one Month only not upon one day deceased But I believe Don Iohn among those Particulars which at his death he commended to the King said nothing of his Daughters because he thought the King knew not of them for they were so privately and cautiously brought up that Alexander Farneze to whom he imparted all his other Secrets knew not of one of these The other had long since beene discovered to him not by Don Iohn but by his owne Mother Margaret of Austria which was the Cause that when Don Iohn lay upon death-bed Prince Alexander durst not desire him to commend that Daughter to the King lest he might put him to the Blush or seeme willing by such Commendations to free his
the hopes of such as were disaffected to the Spaniard nor too sparingly lest it might take off the Honour of his Laurell as the easy purchase of a Generall that must hereafter triumph over the Enemy FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of the most remarkable Passages and Sentences Note that the figures without l. relate to l. next before ABbat of Gemblac lib. 9. pag. 52. and of Trull l. 2. p. 41. Abbaties in the Low-countreys assigned new Bishops l. 1. p. 29. Abbats complain ibid. their complaints answered l. 1. p. 31. They exasperate the Brabanters l. 3. p. 65. Some of them turn Covenanters l. 5. p. 101 Abdication of the Empire and his Kingdoms by Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3. the causes p. 8. Abdication of the Government of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 4 Acugnia vide Iohn or Iuan. Adolph of Nassau Emperour l. 2. p. 43 Adolph of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange enters Frisland l. 7. p. 46. Fights the Arembergians p. 47. kills Count Aremberg ibid and is slain by him ibid. Adrianus Comes Taurello l. 9. p. 45 Aegidius Lord of Hierg sonne to Count Barlamont at the siege of Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 3. Master of the Ordnance and Colonel of Walloons l. 10. p. 5. at Namure Treasurer after his fathers death ibid. Governour of Gelderland on the borders whereof he takes many Towns l. 8. p. 8. invites Don Iohn to see Namure l. 9. p. 35. defends Ruremond against the Confederates lib. 9. p. 49. storms Bovines â— 9. p. 53 54. his death l. 10. p. 5. Vide Giles Aelst a Town of Flanders taken by the mutinous Spaniards l. 8. p. 18 19 Alberic Count Lodronio Colonel of a Regiment of Germans l. 6. p. 31 33 Albert Duke of Bavaria approves of the designe of arms against the Rebels l. 5. p. 134. He moves the Duke of Alva in behalf of the impeached Lords l. 7. p. 42 Alcmar l. 7. p. 72 81 Aldegund vide Philip Manixius of St. Aldegund Alençon vide Francis Hercules Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma born at Rome l. 9. p. 42. his Father ibid. the prediction of Paul the third ibid. his Christening p. 43. propension to arms ibid. sent very young by his Mother into the Low-countreys to King Philip p. 44. his suit at eleven years old to the King ibid. who carries him into Spain ibid. his Majesties love to him ibid. He Charles Prince of Spain and Don Iohn of Austria compared together l. 10. p. 18. He is sent to the University of Alcala l. 7. p. 43. the King entrusts him to Count Egmont to conduct him to the Low-countreys l. 4. p. 90. his marriage l. 4. p. 91. Solemnized at Bruxels l. 4. p. 94. and at Parma l. 4. p. 95. his sonnes ibid. his veneration towards his wife p 95. and l. 9. p. 46. his love to arms l. 9. p. 44. his digladiations in the night with great hazzard to himself p. 45. he goes in the Christian Fleet against the Turk ibid. composes the difference between Don Iohn of Austria and Venerio ibid. for which Pius the fifth commends him l. 9. p. 46. he boards Mustapha's Galley ibid. takes him and Scander-Basha ibid. The prize took by his men ibid. his answer to Don Iohns admonition ibid. he is sent to besiege Navarine ibid. attempts it in vain l. 9. p. 47. he joyned with his Mother is designed by the King for the Government of the Low-countreys ibid. animated by Gregory the xiii l. 9. p. 48. he goes for the Netherlands ibid. A pension assigned him by the King ibid. He views the Armie with Don Iohn l. 9. p. 49. his attempt at the battel at Gemblac l. 9. p. 51. his courage is praised and reproved by Don Iohn l. 9. p. 52. His letter to the King in honour of Don Iohn p. 53. nor mentioning himself to his friends ibid. He besiegeth Sichem l. 9. p. 54. and the Fort 55. executes the prisoners taken ibid. Diestem yields ibid. he reduceth Levia ibid. his expedition and victory at Limburge l. 10. p. 1 2. he storms Dalhem p. 3. recovers the whole Province of Limburge within twenty dayes p. 4. Thanks sent him by the Neighbour-Princes ibid. A rumour of his death forged by the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 4. The King means to make him Governour of the Low-countreys p. 6. he likes not the truce proposed ibid. his Letter to his Father Octavio Duke of Parma ibid. The King sends him money l. 10. p. 7. his speech at a Councel of Warre wherein he disswades the coming to a battel ibid. He desires of Don Iohn the honour to lead up the Foot and hath it l. 10. p. 9. He demonstrates to Don Iohn the enemies designe p. 10. He brings off the men circumvented by the Enemy p. 11. and lying open to their Cannon p. 12. of which he gives an account to his Mother Margaret of Parma p. 13. he sends a complementall Embassage into Portugal ibid. his advice to Don Iohn touching the conditions of peace proposed by the Estates p. 14. He is by Don Iohn upon his death-bed nominated Governour of the Low-countreys p. 15. he cannot well resolve whether he should undertake the burden yet accepts of the his Commission ibid. he writes to his Mother and to his Father ibid. The causes why he accepted of the Government l. 10. p. 16. he attends Don Iohn in his sickness and supplies him with money ibid. his care for his sick Uncle and for ordering the armie ibid. he puts to death those that sought the life of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 20. He satisfies the severall Nations contending who should carry Don Iohn of Austria's body p. 22. he attends his funerall to Namure ibid. builds him a temporary tombe ibid. writes to the King of Don Iohns death and his last requests to his Majestie l. 10. p. 23. and how his Uncle dying commended the Government to him ibid. he is not assured the King will confirm it ibid. the King sends him a Commission to be Governour of the Low-countreys and General of his armie there ibid. the King answers him to Don Iohns requests ibid. He gives the Corps of Don Iohn in charge to Colonel Nignio to carry it into Spain l. 10. p. 24. he orders it to be privately conveyed through France ibid. He takes upon him the Government of the Netherlands ibid. whereof he certifies the Catholick Princes of Europe ibid. Alâ—xander Medices advanced to the Principalitie of Florence l. 1. p. 21. his marriage with Margaret daughter to the Emperour p. 22. he is slain within the year ibid. Alienation of the Nobilitie l. 2. p. 37 38. and why l. 3. p. 67 68 71 Alâ—â—tanien souldiers vide Muteneers Alâ—sâ—o Delrio l. 8. p. 20 Alâ—ysiâ— Quiscioda Lord Steward to the Emperour l. 10. p. 17. carryes Don Iohn an infant into Spain ibid. breeds him up ibid. brings him to King Philip on the field a hunting who there owned
Medicâ—s sister to Pius the fourth l. 8. p. 9 Claâ—a Isabella Engenia her birth l. 5. p. 132. she is married to Albert Rodulphus the Emperours brother ibid. Claudia Chalon wife to Henry of Nasson l. 2. p. 4â— Claudius Civilis l. 1. p. 2. l. 7. p. 58 Claudius Haâ—dtepen l. 9. p. 35 Claudius Vergius Lord of Camplit Governour of Burgundie l. 1. p. 17 Clement the seventh P. M. l. 1. p. 9 21 Clement Marot turned Davids Psalms into French meetre l. 3. p. 63. his manners ibid. he files to Beernâ— ibid. returns to Paris ibid. goes to Geneva ibid. dies l. 3. p. 63 Cleveland the Duke vide William Cobell l. 7. p. 57 Coliny vide Gaspar and Andelat Calen the Elector dies l. 2. p. 1â— Columna vide Marc. Antonio Columna Columne of Marble ingraved at Cuilemburg house l. 7. p. 42. In the Prince of Oranges colours with a Marro l. 7. p. 62. Comet before the death of Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 8. another forerunner to a Warre l. 9. p. 49. Vide Prodigies Commissary of Horse the first in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30 Comparison of 〈◊〉 Monor ancy with the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 8â— with Count 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 48. of the defeat of 〈◊〉 with that of Lewis de Nassau l. 7. p. 56 57. of Charles the fifth with his sonne Philip the second l. 2. p. 38. of Charles Prince of Spain with Don Iohn of Austria and Alexander 〈◊〉 l. 10. p. 10. of Cathorine de Medices with Margaret of Parma l. 3. p. 61. of the Cardinal of Lorain with Cardinal Gravel ibid. of Count Egâ—â—t with the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 70. of Don Iohn of Austria with Charles the fifth and Gâ—rmanicus Cesar. l. 10. p. 21. of Captain Paâ—ccho with Petreius the Centution l. 8. p. 12. of the old Brigick Warre with the new l. 7. p. 56. of the French with the Low-countrey tumults l. 3. p. 61 Commander in Chief or Governour of the Low-countrey l. 10. p. 15. 23. of the Camp or camp-master l. 6. p. 30. of thâ— Ottoman Fleet l. 8. p. 14. of the Kings navy l. 8. p. 15. vide Fleet. Of the Knights of the Golden Fleece vide Order and Knights Of the Lanciers l. 8. p. 4. of the sea l. 1. p. 17. l. 7. p. 69. l. 8. p. 13. l. 9. p. 44. of the life-Guard l. 6. p. 33. of the Kings Exchequer vide Treasurer of the Musketeeres l. 9. p. 51 Combination against Alva l. 7 p. 46. against Granvel l. 3. p. 67 68 71 72. of the people and of the Merchants Vide Conspiracy Commission for the Government of the Low-countreys not signed before his death by Requeseues l. 8. p. 18 Complaints of the Low-countrey men against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 70. against Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 20. against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. against the Spanish forces l. 2. p. 28. and l. 3. 50. of the Corenanters against the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. of Count Egmont against the King l. 4. p. 96 of the old Bishops against the new l. 2. p. 29. of the Governess against Count Egmont l. 5. p. 123. of her to the King l. 5. p. 136. of the Spaniards against the Estates l. 9. p. 30. of Don Iohn against the King l. 10. p. 20. of the Lords against the Spaniards l. 2. p. 38. of them and others against the new Bishops l. 2. p. 29. of the Prince of Orange against the Emperour l. 5. p. 133. his and Count Egmonts against the King l. 3. p. 68. l. 5. p. 104. both theirs against Granvell l. 3. p. 75. of the Governours of Provinces against the Governesses Edict l. 6. p. 98. of Philip the second against his father Charles l. 1. p. 9. of the people against the Inquisition l. 5. p. 105. and against the imprisonment of the Lords l. 6. p. 33. of the Senatours against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts l. 5. p. 103 104 〈◊〉 of the â—orhon Doctors against Merots Poetrie l. 3. p. 63. Vide Hatred Councel of twelve cojustituted to examine Delinquents 〈◊〉 Low-countreys l. 7. p. 41. they impeach the Lords ibid. condemn them l. 7. p. 42. and many Church-robbers and disturbers of the Peace ibid. Councel of State governs the seventeen Provinces l. 8. p. 16. and ruines them p. 17 Councel of Trens beâ—â—â—â— by Paul the third l. p. 42. promulgored by Pius the fourth l. 4. p. 85. received by Philip the second of Spain not refused for his private difference with the Pope ibid. the difficulty in setrtling it l. 4. p. 86. a Edict for its observation published by the Governesse Margaret of Parma l. 4. p. 96. which occasions a revivall of the Lords conspiracie l. 5. p. 98. Condemnation of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 42. of 〈◊〉 l. 3. p. 62. Vide Punishment 〈◊〉 side Lewin Câ—dom a town l. 2. p. 31. Conference of Charles the ninth of France and the Queens 〈…〉 l. 4. p. 87. its causes ibid. what was acted there p. 88. how it frighted the hereticâ—â— ibid. Confessor to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 7. to Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 45. to Margaret of Parma l. 1 p. 23. to Philip the second l. 6. p. 23 Con 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 prescribed to all the Covenanâ—◠〈…〉 l. 5. p. 138. a new one conceived and 〈◊〉 to the Emperour ibid. the Germane hereticks require that it should be embraced in the Low-countreys l. 5. p. 130 131 〈…〉 Colonel of the 〈◊〉 l. 6. p. 30 sights 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 47. his Regiment rerâ—â—â—â— the 〈◊〉 of Count Aremberg with the firing of many villages l. 7. p. 57. he and his Regiment punished ibid. p. 58. by the Duke of Alva he is restored to his command l. 7. p. 18 Conscience carefully purified l. 1. p. 7 Counsels of State Justice and the Finances l. 1. p. 25 Councel of Warre Vide Warre Counsels fraudulent l. 9. p. 34. l. 10. p. 20 impious l. 9. p. 26 27. of the Kings of France and Spain against the hereticks l. 2. p. 46. of expelling the 〈◊〉 l. 8. p. 21. of prudent persons about Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 44. Vide Consultation Consistories of hereticks l. 5. p. 13. disturbed l. 6. p. 7 8. l. 7 p. 42. Conspiracy of the Armenterians with the 〈…〉 l. 6. p. 6. of the seventeen Provinces against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 21. of the Germane Princes with the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 58. against Don Iohns life l. 10. p. 2. Vide Combination Conspiracy of the Low-countrey men from what Originall Vide Lords Gentlemen Gheuses Consultation of admitting the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103 104. of the Kings expedition into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 22. of casting the Spaniards in the Netherlands l. 3. p. 51. l. 9. p. 27. against sacrilegious plunderrers l. 5. p. 127 Contention of the Low-countrey Lords l. 2. p. 38.
Duke of Alva concerning the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 58. Of the Spanish Officers to the King l. 8. p. 22. Of Count Hochstrat in answer to Count Mansfeldt l. 6. p. 12. Of Count Horn to the King against Granvell l. 3. p. 72. Of Don Iohn to Alexander Farneze touching the Emperour Redolph and the Arch-Duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. to the King his brother l. 10. p. 14. another counterfeited and sent for his to Fronsberg l. 9. p. 49. Of Iohn Michese the Jew incouraging the Calvinists at Antwerp to Rebel l. 5. p. 139. Of Margaret of Austria to Philip the second touching the dismission of the Spaniards l. 3. p. 51. and Cardinal Granvell l. 3. p. 68. Of Concessions made against Religion l. 5. p. 130. Of her Letters betrayed at the Kings Court l. 5. p. 137. Of the storming of Valenciens l. 6. p. 8. Of the Duke of Alva's Army l. 6. p. 27. Of the authority granted to the Duke of Alva that much troubled her l. 9. p. 48. Of her desire to be discharged from the Government l. 6 p. 34. before her departure l. 6. p. 36. to Granvell touching the acceptance of his Cardinals robes l. 3. p. 54. to the Provinces against the Valencenians l. 6. p. 6. to the Governours of Provinces to take away Heretical Exercises l. 5. p. 141. in answer to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 143. to the Lady Marquesse of Bergen when she sent a Garrison into the Town of Bergen l. 6. p. 28. to the Duke of Alva that he would lossen his Army l. 6. p. 29. Leva vide Alphonso Sancho Levia Rendered to Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 35. Levinus Tâ—rentius l. 9. p. 36. Lewis of Granado a Dominican Fryer l. 7. p. 82. Lewis of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange infected with heresie in his travels l. 9. p. 99. sets a foot a conspiracy in Low-Countries ibid. and in Germany l. 5. p. 100. commands the Conspirators in chief l. 5. p. 102. enters Bruxells with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 107. collects money for them assisted by Brederod ibid. at a feast with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 110. goes with his Companions to the Governesse l. 5. p. 111. asks leave of the Bishop of Lieg for the Gheuses to convene at Centron l. 5. p. 119. offers another Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 120. his Letter consenting to the Iconomachy l. 5. p. 127. the Principal Boutefeu ibid. 134. his threats against Bruxels and the Governesse l. 5. p. 129. he is present in the Convention at Dendermund l. 5. p. 134. the Kings displeasure against him ibid. he perswades the Antwerpers to conform unto the Confession of Ausburg l. 5. p. 138. is chosen General for the Covenanters to raise men and money l. 5. p. 141. followes the Prince of Orange out of the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 15. is impeached and condemned absent l. 7. p. 41. enters Frizland l. 7. p. 47. takes Damme ibid. Fights Count Aremberg and defeats him ibid. besiegeth the Groine l. 7. p. 54. the number of his Forces ibid. he encamps at Geâ—â—ng l. 7. p. 55. a mutiny in his Camp ibid. he fights with the Duke of Alva Ibid. 56. loseth his Army ibid. and Carriages abid his Armes and his Clothes are brought to the Duke of Alva ibid. he flyes ibid. his battel by the â—â—yer Emmes compared with the overthrow of Arminius by the River Visargis ibid. General of the Hugonots in France he is Routed by Count Mansfeldt l. 7. 64. he moves the French King to invade the Low-countries l. 7. p. 73. take Mons in Hayndt ibid. is besieged renders the Town l. 7. p. 76 78. goes to Dilemburg ibid. is defeated at Mooch his Death l. 8. p. 3. diverfly reported ibid. his Elogy Ibid. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conde Enemy to the Guises l. 3. p. 56. advanceth the Conspiracy at Ambois l. 3. p. 57. sentenced to lose his head l. 3. p. 58. restored to liberty and the Kings favour ibid. is a friend to the Heretical Cause l. 3. p. 60. his Activenesse to raise men in the Low-countries ibid. Taken at Dort l. 3. p. 6. Sollicites the Hereticks to plunder Churches in the Netherlands l. 5. p. 121. is accounted one of the Covenanting Gheuses ibid. Favours those of Geneva l. 6. p. 26. Perswades the King of France to fight the Spaniard ibid. the Low-countrey Fugitives have recourse to him l. 6. p. 34. he makes the Duke of Alva's March an occasion to raise Forces Ibid. he is routed at St Denis l. 6. p 35. renewes the war ibid. revives the third Civil War of France l. 7. p. 63. vide Lodwick Lodovico Libels in France against the King and the Guises l. 3. p. 57. in the Low-Countries against Religion the Bishops and Cardinal Granvel l. 4. p. 77. against the Inquisition l. 5. p. 100. one fathered upon the Knights of the Golden Fluce l. 5. p. 112. Of Hereticks at Autwerp for liberty of Conscience l. 5. p. 139. another with in blood l. 4. p. 84. one offered to the Arck-Duke for liberty of Conscience l. 9. p. 41. Liberty naturally defited by the Low-Countrey men l. 1. p. 23. l. 8. p. 21 l. 9. p. 37. Licherth a Fort l. 8. p. 19. Lieg a Monster born there l. 7. p. 40. Bishop of Lieg l. 1. p. 18. l. 5. p. 119. the Town joynes in the Association of Gant l. 9 p. 30. gratulates Alexander â—arneze l. 9. p. 52. the Mambure of the Legeois l. 9. p. 36. Life contemned l. 8. p. 12. Lignius vide Iohn Lily taken for a happy Omen l. 1. p. 8. Limburg a Province of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 16. and l. 10. p. 14 its Governour l. 1. p. 16. recovery l. 10. p. 4. Situation l. 10. p. 1. Suburbs ibid. stormed ibid. p. 2. the Town taken by assault ibid. defended Ibid. the Fort burnt l. 10. p. 4. 〈◊〉 the Chief City of Flanders l. 6. p. 6. against it they of Tornay and Armenter conspire ibid. the Consistorial Merchants attempt to betray it ibid. the Plot discovered ibid. p. 7. the City freed ibid. the Townesmen of Lisle demolish the Fort l. 9. p. 38. the Governour of L'Isle l. 6. p. 7. Livia's advice to Aug. Caesar l. 9. p. 28. Low-Countries how all the Provinces were anciently consotlated under one Principality l. 1. p. 15. Charles the fifth thought to have made them into a Kingdom ibid. p. 16. They are transferred by Charles the fifth to his son Philip l. 1. p. 4. their division l. 1. p. 15. to whom the King assigned their Governments l. 1. p. 16. they Petition the King to take off the tenth part l. 7. p. 67. they waver at the newâ—s of the taking of Brill by the Covenanters l. 7. p. 72. they conspire against the Spanish l. 8. p. 20. they adhere to the Estates onely two continuing faithful to Don Iohn l. 8. p. 21. l. 9. p. 37 48. Low-Countrey Governour
his Wit and Civil Arts l. 9. p. 42. Bounty ibid. Moderation in his Joy l. 9. p. 43. Piety ibid. Services in Germany and Italy ibid. Preparations for the War l. 9. p. 42. the Order of the Fleece bestowed upon him by Charles the fifth ibid. Advanced to the Principality of Parma and Piacenza ibid. l. 1. p. 23. he defends Parma for a whole year besieged l. 9. p. 42. Piacenza restored to him ibid. he goes with the Emperor into Africa l. 1. p. 23. falls desperately sick Ibid. returns to Rome ibid. Joyns with the Spaniard against the French l. 9. p. 42. Serves as a Voluntier in the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 24. in respect to him his Wife is Created Governesse of the Low-countries by the King ibid. be waits upon his Majesty to meet his Wife designed Governesse Ibid. perswades her to dismisse the Spanish Souldiers l. 3. p. 50. she brings him two sons at a birth l. 9. p. 43. he delivers his son to Philip the second then in the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 44. his Opinion touching the Marriage of his son Alexander l. 4. p. 91. his Judgment of the Amity of Neighbour Princes ibid. he Consents to march his son with Princess Mary of Portugal ibid. p. 92. from Italy he comes into the Low-Countries to his sons Nuptialls l. 4. p. 94. meets his Wife Margaret of Austria inher return from the Netherlands l. 6. p. 37. likes not his sons Resolution to accept the Government of the Low-Countries l. 10. p. 15. Octavio Gonzaga brother to the Prince of Mâ—lpheâ— comes into the Low-countries with Don Iohn l. 9. p. 26. disswades Don Iohn from sending the Spâ—niards out of the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 27. General of the Horse at the Battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. confirmed by the King l. 10. p. 7. receives Lovain l. 9. p. 53. attempts Mechlin and Villvord ibid. money sent him by the King l. 10. p. 7. delivers his Opinion at a Councel of War for fighting the States Army though they were intrenched l. 10. p. 8. fights at Râ—menant l. 10. p. 12. his Place in the â—uneral of Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 22. Odoardo Cardinal Farneze obtained of God by the Prayers of Princesse Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 95. l. 9. p. 44. Offences how they began to rise in the Low-Countries l. 2. p. 46 47. Olennius the Romane Exactor of the Belgick Tribute l. 7. p. 70. Olhain one of the first Covenanters l. 5 p. 10â— Olivera vide Antonio Omen in a sinister sense l. 1. p. 22. vide Prodigy Orange vide William Oration or Counsel or Speech of Alexander Farneze to Don Iohn at a Counsel of War l. 10. p. 7. at another time l. 10. p. 14. of Albret to the King of Navarre her Husband against the Catholicks l. 3. p. 57. of Duke Areschot in Senate against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the same against the Valencenians l. 6. p. 9. of Baâ—berino to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 62. of Count Barlamont against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the Marquis of Bergen to the Prince of Ebolo l. 6. p. 27. of Brederod in the Name of the Covenanters to the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Antwerpers l. 5. p. 112. of the Emperour at his Resignment to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of the same to his son Philip when he transferred his Kingdomes to him ibid. of the same performing his own Funeral Rites l. 1. p. 17. of the Prince of Conde and Gasper Coligny to Charles the ninth of France perswading him to fight the Spaniards l. 6. p. 26. of Count Egmont to the Valencenians to bring them in obedience l. 6. p. 9. of the Duke of Alva to his son Duke Federico when he Commanded him to fight the Enemy l. 7. p. 61. of the same to the King of Spain perswading him to a War with the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 23 24. of the same in answer to Barberino l. 7. p. 62. of his Councel disswading the Exaction of the tenth part l. 7. p. 69. of the Duke of Feria to the King arguing against a War l. 6. p. 24. of Gallus by way of unfriendly advice to Ischius l. 9. p. 26 27. of Granvel against the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 68. of the same to his friends l. 4. p. 79. of the Governesse in Senate that the Covenanters should not be admitted l. 5. p. 104. of the same in answer to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Senate touching the Violation of sacred things l. 5. p. 128. of the Hereticks against Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34. of the Spaniards leaving the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 30. of the enemy reviling and wounding the Spaniards l. 8. p. 12. of a Jesuite to the Mutineers l. 8. p. 6. of Escovedo moveing Don Iohn to send away the Spaniards l. 9. p. 28. of the same to compose a mutiny among them l. 9. p. 31. of the Embassadours from the Heretical Princes of Germany to the Governesse in Senate l. 6. p. 18. of the Lords against the King l. 2. p. 38. of Octavio Gonzaga disswading Don Iohn to part with the Spaniards l. 9. p. 27. of the Prince of Orange against the King l. 5. p. 104. of the same at his departure from the Low-Countries to Count Egmont l. 6. p. 14. of the Estates desiring they might not pay the tenth part l. 7. p. 65. of Osorius Ulloa animating his men l. 8. p. 11. of Captain Pacecho dying to his fellow Souldiers l. 8. p. 12. of Petrieus the Centurion to his Companions in Armes ibid. of Philibert Bruxellius for the Emperor at his abdication to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of Ruigomtz a Silva Prince of Ebolo to put off the King from a War with the Low Countries l. 6. p. 23. of Scaremberg in Answer to the Embassadors from the German Hereticks l. 6. p. 18. of the Seditious Valencenians l. 3. p. 64. of the Mutinous Spaniards against Avila l. 8. p. 4. of the same to a Jesuite exhorting them l. 8. p. 5. of the Senators at Bruxells for the Imperial Edicts l. 5. p. 105. of others against them ibid. 106. their joynt answer to the Covenanters ibid. touching the dismission of the Spaniards l. 3. p. 51. of the People against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts l. 2. p. 35. Ordination of the Low-Countrey Provinces l. 1. p. 16. of the Horse-Militia l. 1. p. 17. of the Foot Militia l. 3. p. 52. of the Bishopricks l. 1. p. 17. Order of the Golden Fleece when and by whom Instituted l. 1. p. 17. l. 4. p. 94. vide Knights Order of St. Stephen Instituted by Cosmo Duke of Florence l. 8. p. 14. Original of the Belgick Conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ormanceto vide Nicolao Osnaburg the Bishop l. 7. p. 51. Osorio vide Iuan. Osteat in the Heavens portending the
the association of Gant l. 9. p. 30. dislikes the Design of his brother Matthias going to take upon him the Government of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 38. is angry with Maximilian privy to the Plot ibid. many suspect that the Emperour was not angry in earnest ibid. p. 39. Rome a very Gossip for newes l. 4. p. 86. the Conclave l. 3. p. 65. l. 4. p. 81. the Sack l. 1. p. 9. Nobility l. 9. p. 43. Pope l. 1. p 7 9 22. l. 5. p. 134. Victory known by the Armes of the Sabines l. 7. p. 56. the Dictator l. 9. p. 36. Theaters l. 8. p. 7. their Veneration to the Crucifix l. 9. p. 43. the Kingdome of the Romans transferred to another l. 1. p. 5. a Vow made against the Romans l. 3. p. 51. the Belgick Conspiracy to eject them l. 1. p. 2. l. 8. p. 21. hatred to the Roman Religion l. 8. p. 8. Romero vide Iuliano Ronell a River l. 6. p. 10. Rotterdam l. 8. p. 7. Rumour that Charles the fifth was drowned l. 1. p. 23. and Octavio Farneze ibid. that Don Iohn was fled the Low-countries l. 10. p. 4. that he was to be married to Queen Elizabeth of England l. 10. p. 20. that he was poysoned ibid. that Alexander Farneze was killed l. 10. p. 4. that Count Megan was dead l. 7. p. 48. that Hierg was dead l. 10. p. 4. that Charles Prince of Spain was made away l. 7. p 45. that Mondragonio was dead l. 10. p. 4. that Philip the second was killed l. 4. p. 77. that he was to come into the Lowcountries l. 5. p. 140. that the Prince of Orange was slain l. 10. p. 9. that the Low-countrey Lords had conspired against the King l. 5. p. 99. that the Covenanters would come to Bruxells l. 5. p. 103. that Granvell was to return into the Low-countries l. 4. p. 81. l. 7. p. 68 69. that the Castle of Limburg was fired c. l. 10. p. 4. that Charles the ninth of France had concluded a Peace with the Hugonots l. 7. p. 73. that the King of Navarre was to be married to the Queen of Scots l. 3. p. 59. Rupelmund the attempt of an Heretical Priest there Prisoner l. 4. p. 83. Ruremund stormed by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. besieged by the Estates l. 9. p. 49. relieved Ibid. Ruart of Brabant a title conferred by the Estates upon the Prince of Orange l. 9. p. 36. what king of Magistracy it was ibid. what persons have been formerly elected ibid. Rythovius Bishop of Ipre vide Martin Sentences in R. RELIGION among Hereticks is not their own but accidental and translatitious l. 5. p. 138. RELIGION and Law are to be Patronized and upheld as the Pillars of a Kingdome l. 1. p. 4. Cities seldome change RELIGION onely l. 3. p. 36. As often as the Sacred Anchor of RELIGION is weighed so often the Ship of the Common-VVealth is tossed l. 2. p. 36. RELIGION once lost can never be repaired with addition either of VVealth or Empire l. 5. p. 123. In acute diseases sometimes desperate REMEDIES are not unskilfully applyed l. 10. p. 11. Never did any Army RETREAT without some losse l. 10. p. 8. S. SAbina Palatina â—avier married to Count Egmont l. 7. p. 53. her humble Petition for her husbands life sent into Spain l. 7. p. 49. Sabines fighting with the Romans by the Bank of Anio l. 7. p. 56. Sacrâ—moro Burago l. 9. p. 57. Salvator Bishop of Clusino l. 1. p. 18. Samaniego l. 10. p. 7. Samblemont a Colonel l. 9. p. 54. Sencerre in Aquitain its siege compared with the Siege of Harlem l. 7. p. 79 80. Sancho Avila Captain of the Duke of Alva's Life-Guard l. 6. p. 30. sets a Guard upon Culemburg house l. 6. p. 33. beats Hochstrat beyond the Moes l. 7. p. 46. is wounded l. 7. p. 63. commands a Fleet for the relief of Midleburg l. 8. p. 2. defeats Lewis of Nassau at Mooch l. 8. p. 3. the Mutiny of the Spaniards against him l. 8. p. 4. General of the Foot in the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. Sailes into Philipland ibid. from thence to Duveland l. 8. p. 13. his Complaints against the Royal Senate and Theirs against him l. 8. p. 18. he supplyes the Spaniards at Alooft ibid p. 22. being Governour of the Fort at Antwerp he receives the Spaniards marching thither ibid. with-holds the Souldiers at the Sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 24. departs out of the Low-Countries with the Spaniards l. 9. p. 32. Sancho Leva son to Sancho Vice-Roy of Navarre l. 10. p. 6. Sancho Londognio a Colonel l. 6. p. 30. takes the Consul of Antwerp by Orders from the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 33. Sanctaâ—ruâ— vide Prospero Saint 〈◊〉 the Church l. 9. p. 44. the Battle l. 1. p. 11. l. 7. p. 53. General of the Horse l. 1. p. 11. Sardinia offered in lieu of the Kingdome of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. Sardinian Regiment l. 6. p. 30. l. 7. p. 47. burnes many Villages l. 7. p. 57. punished by the Duke of Alva ibid. 58. how much was lost by that fire ibid. Sarra Mortinengo serves in France l. 9. p. 57. Savoy the Dukedome l. 5. p. 137. l. 6. p. 21. Savoy the Duke l 2. p. 44. l. 6. p. 30. marrieth Katherine daughter to the King of Spain l. 4. p. 82 83. l. 6. p. 35. vide Emanuel Philibert Saulio vide Antonio Saxony the Electorate l. 5. p. 116. Sâ—x the Duke l. 1. p. 8. vide Augustus Maurice Saying of the Duke of Alva touching the Punishment due to the Gaâ—tois l. 7. p. 39. touching the Princes confederate against his King l. 7. p. 59. touching the King recalling him from Exile l. 7. p. 82. Of the Courage of Vitelli l. 7. p. 62. of the Mutineers of Alooâ—t l. 8. p. 22. Of the Lowâ—countrey men concerning Alva l. 7. p. 9â— of Charles the fifth after the Abdication of this Empire l. 1. p. 5. touching the Nature of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 23. of the Magnitude of Gant l. 7. p. 39. of a Captain to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 10. of Cardinal Granvell when he heard the Prince of Orange was not caught l. 6. p. 33 34. of the besieged Leideners l. 8. p. 6. of Octavi◠〈◊〉 touching the â—â—ity of Neighbour Princes l. 4. p. 91. of Philip the second relating to the Duke of Alva's Death l. 7. p. 82. of Vitelli to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 60. of the Common people on the General of an Army l. 7. p. 83. vide Words Scamaneler a River l. 1. p. 2. Scander Bashaw wounded taken by Alexander Faâ—neze l. 9. p. 46. Scaremberg sent to meet the German Embassadours l. 6. p. 18. answers them in Senate in the Governesse's name ibid. Scauwemburg a Colonel sent for from Germany to the siege of Valencians l. 6. p. 8. comes with his Regiment ibid. appointed with part thereof to
Low-countrey trooper The fate of Count Oberstein Don John consults about dismissing of the Spaniards Gonzaga speaks against it Escovedo argues for it Seneca l. 9. de Clementia Dio. in Aug. Caesar. If the Spanish be retained If they be dismissed Don John follows this opinion His Reaons Fear of the King Desire of a voyage for England Hope of quieting the Low-countreys He resolves to confirm the Pacification of Gant 1577. In the beginning of Ianuary Moved thereunto by this subscription of the Deputies He gives the Heads of the Pacification to be considered of The King allows of it A new Pacification made in pursuance of the old Feb. 17. Whereto both parts subscribe Proclaimed Don John acknowledged Governour of the Low-countreys He presseth the Spaniards to be gone Who are unwilling to obey Their Complaints Mar. Delv. l. 2. Turb Belg. They begin to mutiny Escovedo labours to pacifie them With a speech that comes home to the men They are quieted Surrendring the Forts And prisoners they had taken Gaspar Robley afterwards created Count of Renneberg Mar. Delr l. 1. Turb Belg. With part of their Pay in hand The same Authour l. 2. Christ. Assonvil in his Relation They leave the Low-countreys Vnder the command of Count Mansfeldt Their sense of this usage Their Prediction Al. Cabrer in Philip. 2. l. 11. c. 15. Mar. Delâ— l. 2. Turb B. Their March into Italy They are quartered in the mountanous parts of Liguria Delr in the same Book Don Johns entrance into Bruxels In great pomp but the most glorious sight was himself May 1. His winning wayes The Peoples joy And love to him The judgement of some that disliked his Concessions The Prince of Orange vexed at Don Iohns admission May 24. Refuseth together with the Provinces under his government to subscribe the Edict Endeavoureth to turn the Low-countreymens hearts from Don Iohn of Austria A Rumour spread by the Prince of Oranges party 1573. Don Iohns letters intercepted The Low-countreymens love to him decreaseth Their suspition and aversion increaseth Forgetfulnesse of benefits received converts to Hatred Especially Hese The Hereticks blow the fire Out of the relation of Christ. Assonvil See Guicciard l. 2. of his Hist. The Prince of Orange designs the taking of Don John prisoner His Instruments S. Aldegund And Hese Whether they attempted his murther it is uncertain Of Don Johns flight He goes to Mechlin as if it were onely to compose the difference with the Germans Iune 5. Margarite Queen of Navarre From thence to Namure under another pretence Aegidius L. of Hierg Lancellot C. Megen Florus Floio and Clodius Haultepenne Possesser himself of the Castle Gives reasons for it to his attendants Writes to the Deputies of the Estates The severall senses of the Deputies Their letters to Don John July and August Matt. Del. l. 3. Turb Belg. Aloys Cabreâ—â— in Philip. 2. l. 11. c. 13. c 16. His answer Which he writes to the Provinces The Fort at Antwerp attempted by Don John Is possessed by the Estates The Estates accuse Don John as if his fears were seigned Don John shews the plots against him to be reall Levinus a very learned man afterwarde Bishop of Antwerp The Pope sends a Nuncio to Don John Bishop of Ripa transono afterwards Cardinall S. B. E. To what end He furnisheth Don John with Councel and Money Then goes to the Deputies of the Estates In the beginning of Sept. The Prince of Orange created Ruart What this office is and who they were that executed it Mart. Delr l. 4. Turb Belg. Phil. Aud. 1404. John iv Duke of Brabant 1420. Grobendonch the Kings Treasurer Octob. 4. What the King requires of the Estates What Don John adds They obey not And he not unwillingly hath recourse to arms chiefly for these reasons The state of affairs on both parts Onely two Provinces declare for Don John The Nobility and Clergy for the Estates Their reasons Don John's forces The Estates Army These were more in number and had carryed it If they had been unanimous The Prince of Orange goverâ—s all In the end of August The Fort at Antwerp demolished by his advice M. Delr lib. 4. Turb Belg. with great rejoycing of the people Especially when they saw the Duke of Alva's statue Which was melted and cast again into Cannon Other Forts dismantled The Lords offended at the Prince of Oranges power Mention the choice of a new Governour Three proposed The Arch-duke Matthias preferrd And brought from Germany into the Low-countreys Octob. 3. Whereat the Emperour Rodolph is displeased And chides his brother Maximilian who knew of the designe Many think the Emperour dissembles Gregory the xiii his Legate Don John of Austria's Levters upon that subject Octob. 25. The Arch-duke Matthias enters the Low-countreys and accepting many conditions Caesar. lib. 5. Bell. Gall. Decem. 17. Is made Governour of the Low-countreys And the Prince of Orange his Lieutenant Governour 1578. A new Senate declares Don John's party and himself enemies to the State Holding forth this Oath It is tendred to the Jesuites They refuse to take it And are beset with armed Hereticks Their House plundered Themselves turned out of doors A remarkable act of one of the Socitie Annals of the Society Ann. 1578. T. Livii l. 5. The like done by one of the ancient Romanes Tillemanntis Bredenbach l. 7. c. 62. colla sacra A wonderfull accident at the Jesuites Coâ—ledge They are expâ—lled in otheâ— Places So are the Franciscans and divers Priests To the great detriment of the Chatholick Cause In Iune Churches seized by the Hereticks And liberty of Conscience extorted In Iuly Alexander Farneze brings the Spanish Army back from Italy The death of Iuliano Romero 18 day Alex. Farneze desirous to go upon the Holy Warre His Father consents But not his Mother Feb. 2. 1571. Yet he goes With a Train of selected Gentlemen and Souldiers Which he placeth in the Genoa-Galleys He contributâ—s to the attonement of the Generalls The Pope commends him for it They fight the Turk Alex. Farneze boards Mustapha 'T is a measuring cast between them At last he takes Mustapha And Scander Bashaw The Booâ—y got by his Souldiers Don John's words to Alex. Farneze P. Alexander's Answer 1572. The Sacred League renewed Don John sends him to Navarine He attaques the Town but finding his endeavours frustrate Retreats The League dissolved Pius V. Gregory XIII Prince Alexander joyned with his Mother is to be commissionated for the Government of the Low-countreys Cardinal Granvel treats with them both in the King's name Margaret of Parma is doubtful of accepting the offer So is not her son Alexander 9 11 Novemb 1577. 11 Septemb. 1577. The Kings Letter to him The Pope's encouragement Many Letters from Don John inviting him 14 25 Oct. 25 Novemb. 1577. He goes for the Low countreys How he findes Don John That was really glad to see him there The Pension given by the King to Alex. Farneze 24 Decemb. 1577. And by