Husband Maids and Unmarried Women took up some their Brothers some their Kinred and so all marchd out so Caesar pardond all I will conclude with a late example of Madame Sardaus who went so often privatly twixt Bruxels and the Hague until the peace was concluded twixt Spain and Holland after fourscore yeers Wars by Sea and Land Therfore she was calld La Maquarelle de la Paix which was no disgrace to her The seventh Paragraph Touching the Office Function and Duty of an Ambassador in the execution of his Place and acquitting himself of the great Fiduciary Trust reposd in Him c. THe Civilians who are best versd in the Laws of Embassies say Legatio est mysteriosum quid that it is a mysterious thing It is full of secrecie and darkness as it is of Faith and Trust. The Lord high Chancellor of England who is Keeper of the Kings Conscience as well as of the Great Seal hath a great trust reposd in him for to mitigat the rigor of the Laws by way of Equity The Lord Chief Justice of the Kings Bench he of the Common Pleas and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer have great trusts reposd in them but all these deal twixt Subject and Subject and sometimes twixt King and Subject But Ambassadors have a higher trust for they deal twixt Kings and Kings twixt Countries and Countries therfore as the burden is heavier so the honor is the greater ther is no secrecie belongs to the other Offices but reservedness and secrecie is the soul of Embassy which made one say If his Cap knew his privat Instructions he wold hurle it into the fire and burn it And as ther is honor in this high employment so ther is much honor attends it which made one say That that Ambassador who loseth one hair of his Masters honor forfeits his head at his return One of the principal Duties of an Ambassador is to stick close to his Instructions and the Mandats of his Master and therin an Ambassador Lidger doth not run so much hazard as an Extraordinary who hath many things commonly left to discretion by way of implicit trust Besoldus defines the Office of an Ambassador thus Ut Mandatum fideliter cum dexteritate exequatur acceptum responsum diligentissime notatum referat Mittenti That with faithfulness and dexterity he execut the Command and report to him who sent him the Answer most diligently noted Ther is a shorter definition Officium Legati est ut Mandata Legationis diligenter conficiat ex Fâ—…de That he perform carefully the Command of the Embassy and with Faith He derives all his Power from his Instructions for without them ther is no Mission or Embassy Ther is an Example of the Athenians that having employd Ambassadors with divers Iustructions wherof one was that they shold take such a way as they went they going another way though they had performd all the rest of the Instructions yet they were put to death at their return for infringing this one Ther are divers instances how Ambassadors exceeding their Commissions and falling into follies have bin punishd upon the place Hector Boetius relates that Olaus and Evetus killd the Scots Ambassadors Teaca Queen of Sclavonia killd a Roman Ambassador as Polybius mentions The Athenians causd Darius Ambassadors to be thrown into a Well Dandolo the Venetian Ambassador had his eyes pluckd out by the King of Sicily But let us descend to latter Ages Francis the first of France sent Fregosa and Rinion Ambassadors to the Turk Charles 5. soldiers discoverd surprizd and flew them in Italy The fact was justified by the Emperour because they were both his subjects the one being a Milanois the other of Genoa and servd his Enemy for ther were Wars then twixt Charles and Francis Edward the second of England employd a French Gentleman Ambassador to France who had bin executed for a Traytor for serving the Enemy had not the Queen interceded Anno 1302. the Pope sent an Ambassador to France where he practisd some Treson and being arraigned convicted and condemned to die the Popes Frends procurd that he shold be banishd only The Venetian drew out of the French Ambassadors House some who bad discoverd their secrets to the Turk where resistance being made Cannons were sent for from the Arsenal and so they were taken out by force and the French King not offended The Ambassadors in these latter examples by their own indiscretion and misdemenures drew these violences upon themselfs We will concude this point with a latter example in England 1624. at which time ther were two Spanish Ambassadors residing in London who were the Marquiss of Inojosa and Don Carlos Coloma and the Prince of Wales being newly returnd from Madrid Re infectâ without the Infanta matters began to gather ill bloud twixt England and Spain in regard that the Treties both of Match and Palatinat were dissolvd by Act of Parlement which was done by means of the Duke of Buckingham The said Ambassadors finding that they contrivd a way how to supplant and destroy the Duke Herupon falling into consideration that King Iames was grown old and that the least thing might make impressions of distrust and jealousies in him therfore in a privat audience they did intimat unto him that ther was a very dangerous designe against his Royal Authority traced by the Duke of Buckingham and his Complices which was that at the beginning of that Parlement the said Duke with certain Lords and others consulted of the argument means which were to be taken for the breaking and dissolving of the Treties both of the Spanish Match and for the restitution of the Palatinat and if his Majesty wold not conform therunto their consultations passd so far that he shold have a house of plesure where he might retire himself to his sports in regard that the Prince had now yeers sufficient and parts answerable for the Government of the Kingdome The King for the present dismissd them with thanks But the next day he made earnest instances that as they had discoverd a Conspiracie they wold also detect the Conspirators this being the only means wherby their own honor might be preservd in proving the truth of things To this they replyed That they had reveald enough already in order to the care and zeal they had to his Royal Person and Dignity Therupon the King commanded that the Duke of Buckingham shold be put to his Oath with others who were most suspectful which they all took for cleering their integrity This being done the King returnd to make new instances to the said Ambassadors that they wold not prefer the discovery of the names of the Conspirators to the security of his Person as also to the truth and honor of themselfs and to the hazard of an opinion to be held the Authors and Betrayers of a Plot of so much malice sedition and danger but they wold discover no more Yet a few days
up to the English Battail where the young Prince was The fight grew hot and doubtful insomuch that the Commanders sent to the King to come up with more power The King asking the Messengers Whether his Son was hurt or slain and being answerd No he replies Then tell them who sent you that so long as my Son is alive they send no more to me for my Will is that he have the honor of the day So the Fight on both sides growing very furious the French King having his Horse kill'd under him withdrew which being known by the English it added so to their courage that they soon after won the Field This was the first considerable Battail the English had of the French which was so sanguinary that ther were none made Prisoners but all put to the Sword and the number of the slain French surmounted the whole Army of the English for the number of the slain were about 30000. the chief whereof was Alenson the Kings Brother the Dukes of Bourbon and Lorain the Earl of Flanders the Dauphin de Viennois Son to Imbert who after gave Dauphine to the King of France provided his First Son shold still be calld the Dauphin which hath continued ever since This signal Victory was seconded the same yeer about six weeks after with another the Queen of England got against the Scots then confederat with the French where David the Scots King was taken Prisoner but this is reserv'd for another place because for a more methodical order we will hasten to the second great Victory in France the Battail of Poitiers The Battail of Poitiers The Black Prince being taperd up now to a good growth was sent by advice of Parlement to Gascony whence the Truce being expird he oreran and ravagd all the Country as far as Tourayne Iohn the French King raiseth a potent Army more numerous then that at Cressy and going to find out the Prince of Wales found him about Poitiers having not much above 10000 effect if men in his Army wheras the French had six times as many whereupon being advisd to make for Bourdeaux he was prevented by the French Army on all sides so a Battail being intended two Cardinals came from the Pope to mediat a Peace but the French King wold hearken to none unless that he wold as a Vanquish'd Man send him four Hostages and give up himself and his Army to discretion The Prince answerd That he was willing to restore what places he had taken of His in good War but without prejudice to his Honor wherof he was accountable to the King his Father c. Iohn not hearkning to this but being resolvd to fight the Prince also resolvd to part with his Life upon as high a rate as he could being reducd to this streight therfore he providently makes use of the Position of ground and finding that the main Army of the French consisted in Horse he entrenchd among the Vineyards where when the French Cavalry entred being wrapd and encomberd among the Vines the English Archers did so ply and gall them that being therby disorderd and put to rout the whole Army was soon totally defeated But it seems this Battail was not so fierce as that of Cressy where no quarter was given for in this Prisoners were made among whom was King Iohn himself whom the Prince brought to England and as the French Historians themselfs confess he was so civil to him all the while that he knew not whether he was a Free King or a Captif Besides Lords ther were slain 2000 of the French Nobless as Froissard hath it in this Battail and as at Cressy more French slain then the whole English Army was in number We will now to Agencourt Agencourt Battail Henry the Fifth that Man of men and mirror of Princes being come to the Crown he did cast his Eyes presently towards France for claiming of his Title In order wherunto he alterd in his Arms the bearing of Semy de Luces and quarters the three full Flower de Luces as the King of France himself did bear them He sends the Duke of Exceter with the Archbishop of Dublin and sundry other Noblemen in a magnificent Ambassy attended by 500 Horse to Paris to demand the Crown but receiving no satisfactory answer but rather a kind of jeer the Dauphin sending him a Sack full of Racket-court-Balls to pass away his time He replyed That for evry one of those Balls he had so many fiery Bullets to shoot at the proudest Turrets in France as he shold shortly find And he was as good as his word for he presently got over and encountring the French Army at Agencourt he gave it an utter overthrow and took more prisoners then his own Army had Soldiers which was upon a Sunday-morning about Ten of the Clock whereof having sent notice to England before and that extraordinary Masses shold be sung then in all Churches he stood upon the defensive part till that hour but then making a Speech of encouragement to his Army and among other strains telling how all England was praying for them at that time he carried away a compleat Victory he himself leading the main Battail with the Duke of Glocester his Brother c. But besides the foresaid Piety ther was Policy also usd for the King to prevent the fury of the French Cavalry appointed divers Stakes studded with Iron at both ends of six foot long to be pitch'd behind the Archers and ordred that Pioners shold attend to remove them as they shold be directed which invention conduc'd much to the success of the Action The King himself charg'd the Duke of Alenson and beat him off his Horse who therupon was slain so ther was a compleat and glorious Victory obtain'd We come now to the Battail of Spurs so calld because the French-men trusted more to their Spurs in fleeing away then to their Swords and Lances It was before Terwin in Hen. 8. Raign when Maximilian the Emperour servd under his Banner and receavd pay Ther came 8000 French Horse to relieve the place and a hot Dispute happend but they were all routed and put shamefully to flight so the Town was taken by the English Ther were a world of other Warlike Encounters and Skirmiges twixt the English and French whereof the stories are full and t is observd that the English at most were but half in number to the French in all Engagements insomuch that by pure prowess and point of the Sword they possessd two parts in three of that great Kingdome We read that when the English were at the height of their power in France the Pope came then to keep his Court at Avignon and ther was a common saying among the Peeple which since is grown to be a kind of Proverb Ores le Pape est devenu Francois Iesus Christ est devenu Anglois The Pope is turnd French-man and Jesus Christ is become an English-man which was spoken in regard we had such prodigious
meum apponerem consuetum Testes qui fuerunt praesentes ad ista unà mecum sunt Dom. frater Martinus Lupi Magister Militiae Domus de Alcantara Ordinis Cistern Rogerus Dom. de la Wara Gomeicus dicti Dom. Regis Magister Paulus Gabrielis Civis Ispalensis Iohannes Guttern Decanus Ecclesiae Segobien Magister Robertus Fregand Notarius Cancellarius Domini Principis Aquitaniae Walliae supradicti Then the Great Seal of Castile and Leon was affixd By vertue of this Charter legally made to King Edward and the Prince his Son and to their Heirs and Successors Kings and Princes of England for ever it is therby granted that whensoever it shold please them to be in person in the Wars with any King of Castile against the King of Granada or any other Enemy of the Christian Faith They shold have the First place in the Vangard above all other Princes of Christendom and although neither of them were present yet ther shold be always provided by the Kings of Castile and their Successors a Standard of the Arms of England to be born in the same place This Instrument was made after that the Black Prince had done the Work and restord Don Pedro to his Kingdom therfore he passd it as a Monument of eternal Gratitude unto him But before the Prince uudertook the business ther was also a Bond from the King to pay so much money for defraying the Princes Army and in consideration also of this undertaking it was legally agreed that the Prince shold have the Castle of Vermeo de la Quet Bilbo Biscay and the Castle of Ordials A tenir perpetuellement à li ses Heirs Successeurs pour doner là où luy plerrà to be held perpetually by Him and his Heirs and Successors and to give to whom he pleasd All which was ratified under the Great Seal of Castile and confirmd by Oath upon the holy Sacrament in the great Church of Burgos The Original of which Instrument remains yet in Thes. Regio apud Westm. We will pass over the Exploits done in Armorica or Little Britany and cross over to a tougher Peeple the Scot who though Conterranean and our neer Neighbours yet they did always confederat with the French against England and England still boar up single and victoriously against both of them For when Scotland was at the highest pitch of power when she had active and boysterous Kings to her Generals and the French for her Coadjutors and Auxiliaries as also the Danes in Ages past yet the English carried away many fair Victories with divers of their Kings Prisoners As will appear by a short Survay we shall take of such Battails and Warlike Encounters which intervend from time to time twixt the two Nations We will begin with that famous Battail twixt King Athelstan and them when they had a great Army of Danes joynd with them and being twice in number more then the English yet King Athelstan obtaind a signal Victory both by Prowess and Policy for the two Armies being ready to joyn the English made semblance to flee away leaving their Bagage behind which as the Scot and Dane were a sharing the English did suddenly wheele about by the advantage of a Woody Hill and finding them in disarray and laden with Booty they rushd upon them with such a Resolution that above 40 thousand of them and as Buchanan their chief Chronologer hath it the flower of their Nobility perishd there at that time The first Fire-ball of War which was thrown twixt both the Nations since the Norman Invasion was in William Rufus his Raign when the Scot having made divers Incursions into the English Borders Moubray Earl of Northumberland was sent against them who incountring their King Malcolm with his eldest Son in the Field they were both slain and the whole Army overthrown In King Stephens days Thurston then Archbishop of York was sent with an Army against the Scot who meeting the King himself in the head of his Forces utterly routed him with the death of above 10000 of his Men. Henry the second employd only the Knights of Yorkshire as Humphry-vile Scuttvil and Vescy to make head against the Scot which they did with such Valour and Success that they took the King in the Field and as a Trophy of their good Service and Victory they presented him Prisoner to the King at Northampton whence he carried him along to attend him in his French VVars William the Scots King attended Richard the Lion-hearted at his second Coronation when he returned from the Holy Land and carried the Sword before him bare-headed Edward the first calld in story and as his Tomb in Westminster tells us Scotorum Malleus the Hammer of the Scots summond King Baliol to Newcastle to swear Fealty unto him but fleeing afterwards to the French King at his return King Edward summons him again to Berwick where he re-submitted himself with all his Nobles in open Parlement which King Edward held there and for Caution brought Baliol along with him leaving the Earl of Surrey Warden of Scotland Then started up a notable Blade one Wallis who notwithstanding that King Baliol was Prisoner in England gatherd such a strength that causd King Edward to go again in person and at Fonkirk Battail killd outright 200 of their Nobles and Gentry with about forty thousand Common soldiers Then he summons a Parlement at Edinburgh where all the Scots Nobles swore Fealty to him and then he carried away thence their Great Charter calld the Ragman-Roll the Black-Cross and the Stone wherein they believe the Fate of Scotland is fixd Then ther was a third Provocation offer'd for le Bruce was crownd King of Scotland wherupon the Earl of Pembrook was sent against him who utterly defeated him at Iohnston yet all was not quiet but King Edward was forcd to make a fourth expedition thither in person when he constraind le Bruce to flee away to Norway where he blew on his Nayls while King Edward liv'd But Bruce being come back and Usurping during Edward the seconds time who we read was so infirm and infortunat a King his Father Edward the third restord Baliol by force of Arms and made him swear Fealty to England again But some yeers after King Edward being deeply engagd in the French Wars David the next Scots King rush'd into England with about sixty thousand men being confederat with the French King to divert the War there But Queen Philippa with the Archbishop of York and the Lords and Knights of the North encounterd this huge Army and utterly defeated it one Copland taking the Scots King Prisoner whom he he reservd for a present to give King Edward when he came from France and to keep company with Iohn the French King who also was taken Prisoner by the Black Prince And there were but six weeks difference of time twixt both Victories In Richard the seconds Raign the French King sent his High Admiral with a thousand
prolifical when they are past fifty years And for the Men it wold be Registred for a Miracle in Spain or France to finde ten men of a thousand years one with another as were found in Hereford about 60 years since within two miles compass of the town who were so vigorous strong and spriteful that they danced the Morice-dance in the Market-place for many hours with a Maid-Mariam of a hundred and three and a Tabourer of a hundred and five years old From the Fertility and Generousness of the Earth may proceed also the extraordinary Courage and Hardiness of the Peeple which hath been so well known and felt in other Countries beyond the Seas as the Examples in the former Paragraph do prove at so many signal and difficult famous Battails where the English Army was never half so numerous in any they got no not somtimes the third or fourth part in number to the Enemy and such an esteem they had in France that as their own stories relate when the Duke of Britany or Armorica was to encounter the French Army in a Battail he thought it a Policy to clothe a whole Brigade of his Soldiers after the English mode to make them appeer the more formidable to the French Nor doth that Primitive innate Courage languish a whit or decline in them as some think the World doth as we find it hath done in other Nations as the Iew and Greek with others but it continueth still at the same height as it appeerd in the year Eighty eight by Sea as was said before and in several Exploits in the Low-Country Wars as Newport the Retreat before Gaunt c. by Land Likewise by fresher Examples in the late Civil Wars twixt King and Parlement and since wherin the Power Strength and Wealth of England was never more discovered For the late usurper having such a Command over the Peeples purse and never wanting money made Spain and France strive who shold be his Confederat as also the Hollander the Swed and others I say in those times the ancient stoutness of the English appeerd in many Traverses of War as at Dunbar in Scotland and by Sea against the Hollander who were beaten and batterd into a Peace What a hazardous peece of service was performed when we invaded Barbary at Tunis but especially that desperat Exploit Blague did at the Canaries The French King confest that the Brigade of English before Dunkirk commanded by a little bold Britain though not the fifth part of the Army did contribut most to the late taking of that strong Praedatory Town And the King of Portugal acknowledgd that in this years great Defeat 1663. he gave Don Iohn of Austria neer Ebora that Brigade of English who servd there though not much considerable in number did perform the toughest part of the service and first shewd them the way of using the Rests of the Musquet to knock down the Enemy which made the French-men cry out Faisons comme les Anglois Let 's do as the English The Sixth Paragraph Touching the Ancient and Long-lind Extraction Decendency and Bloud-Royal of the Kings of Great Britain c. THe Races of Kings may be said to be like great Rivers that stream out into divers large Channels and Arms which become great Rivers of themselfs afterward Or like huge Trees which use to stretch their Branches beyond the Ocean where being inoculated and graffd they make divers other Royal Trees to sprout out of them in Forren Soyls Ther were divers Royal Ingraftings of this kind that Great Britain had with the chiefest Potentats and some of them Imperial The first was before the English took footing here between the Emperour Constantius and Helene a Britain born and Mother to Constantine the Great the first Christian Emperour for this Iland was held in such high esteem by the Roman Emperours when they had almost all the world besides that divers of them kept their Courts here among whom Severus and Constantius died at York which City may deservedly vaunt of two things viz. that two Roman Emperours were buried and a third born in her viz. Constantin the Great After the Saxons came this Iland also continued in such a repute that Ethelwolph Son to King Egbert Anno 830. married the Lady Iudith calld the Fair for her extraordinary Bewty and Daughter to the Emperour Charles le Chauue Granchilde to Charlemain The Emperour Otho the Great married the Sister of King Athelstan whose friendship was so much sought by all his Neighbouring Kings that they wooed for it by rich Presents which made the King of France send him the sword of Constantin the Great in the Hilt wherof ther was one of the Nails that fastned Christ to the Cross He sent him also the Spear of Charlemain The King of Norway sent him a curious Ship with a Gilt Stem Purple Sayls and the Deck garnishd all with Gold The Emperour Otho his Brother-in-law sent him a Vessel of precious stones artificially made wherein were Landskips with Vines Corn and Reapers so much to the Life that they seemd to move and act c. Ther have been eight Nuptial Conjunctions twixt Great Britain and France besides the Scots alliance with that Country The first was about the yeer 900. twixt Charles the first of France and the Lady Ogine Daughter to Edward Son to King Alfred that admired Saxon King who is so famous in story for divers signal things for He cleerd the whole Kingdome of the Danes who had so much infested and harassd it He Founded the University of Oxford Anno 895. He was the first who divided England into Shires Hundreds and Weapontakes He divided the Natural Day also into three parts eight hours for Recreation and matters concerning his Health as sleep c. eight hours for Meditation and exercise of Piety and eight hours in Council and the publick Affairs of his Kingdome He Founded also Shaftsbury-Abby Winchester-Church and Eldinsey-Monastery The second Marriage with France was twixt Hen. 3. of England and the Lady Margaret Daughter to Lewis the seventh of France The third was between Edward the first that great Hero of his time and the Lady Margaret Daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth twixt Edward the second and the Lady Isabel eldest Daughter to Philip le Bell King of France Mother to Edward the third of England who by right of her claimd and carried afterwards the Crown of France The fifth was twixt King Richard the second and the Lady Elizabeth Daughter to Charles the sixth of France but she was but his second Wife for his first was the Lady Anne Daughter to the Emperour Charles the Fourth The sixth was between Henry the fifth of England and the Lady Katharine another Daughter to Charles the sixth of France The seventh was twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and the Lady Mary second Daughter to King Henry the seventh of England The eighth and last Inoculation twixt the Rose and the Flower
The Law presupposeth that he sits not only at the Kings Bench but in other Courts of Judicature for the Writs go Teste meipso And because the Law sayth that the King must govern in Mercie and Justice the sole power of Pardoning is in Him Moreover the power of Coinage is only in the King with the enhancing or decrying the price of money He is the sole Gran Master of the Mint wheras in France others partake with the King in this high Prerogative Nor doth any Kings Face shine in purer Metal for it shines onely in pure Gold and Silver and that of the finest Standard Mixture and Allay of any in Europe wheras I have seen and felt the face of the French King in Copper and Brass with other mixt mongrel stuff As also of the King of Spain's though he terms himself the Monark of Gold and Silver Mines yet the common currant Coyn twixt Merchant and Mechanick is Copper wherin the Hollander by his cunning hath done him a world of mischief from time to time by counterfaiting that Copper Coyn and â—…oysting it in by divers artifices as in a ship laden with Lead and Tin ther wold be somtimes divers Sows of Lead hollowed and crammd with quartils as also in hollowed Masts with other inventions Insomuch that one time when all the Vellon or Copper Coin was calld in and a scrutiny made how much had bin coynd ther were many millions more found to be brought in and counterfaited then had bin stampd in the Kings Mint By the Common Law of the Land the King of Great Britain hath three Royal Ensignes which cannot belong to any other He hath the Crown the Scepter and the Polemical Sword as I have mentiond in another Treatise and is proper to touch here By the first He reigns by the second he makes Laws by the third viz. the Sword He protects them Concerning the Crown or Royal Diadem the Laws of England assert that it descends upon his head by a right Hereditary line though through dâ—…vers ancient Royal Races wherof some were Conquerors The Crown is His as much as any mans Cap 's his own And ther is no Crown stuck with fairer Flowers I mean Royal Prerogatives wherof divers were spoken of before Concerning the Scepter it may be calld an Individual Copartner or a Royal Appendix to the Crown It doth capacitate the King to Enact Laws for before his Assent all the Results and Determinations of Parlement are but Bills they may be said to be but abortive things and meer Embryos nay they have no life at all in them till the King by his breath infuseth vigour and animation into them and the ancient Custom was for the King to touch them with the Scepter then they are Laws and have a virtue in them to impose an universal obligation upon all sorts of peeple Now it is an undeniable Principle of the Law of England That nothing can be generally binding without the Kings Royal Assent nor doth the Law take notice of any thing without it This makes Them to be calld afterwards the Kings Laws and the Judges are said to deliver the Kings Iudgments nay he himself is always Lord Chief Justice of England which Title is not assumable by any Subject Now before an English Law is made ther is mature and mighty long deliberation goes before for first the business is agitated and canvasd many days in the House of Commons which represents all the peeple of England till it comes to the ripeness of a Bill The Bill being drawn is read thrice in the House and having passd the brunt of all Exception t is engrossd and transmitted to the Lords and there also t is read thrice and debated with much deliberation Then by concurrence of both Houses t is presented to the King who consults with his Learned Counsel whether ther be any thing therin derogatory to his Prerogatives if not He gives his Royal Assent and then t is created a Law and generally binding Touching the power of the Sword it is more proper to treat of it in the next Paragraph Moreover the Lex Terrae the Common Law of England makes the King the Fountain of Honour nay without any disparagement or offence be it spoken He can confer Honor upon other Kings and Souverain Princes as he is Souverain of the Order of Saint George wherof ther have bin eight Emperors five Kings of the French four of Spain seven of Portugal two of the Scots four of Denmark three of Naples one of Poland and another of Sweden two Dukes of Urbine one of Millain one of Ferrara one of Savoy one of Calabria one of Holland one of Gueldres four Princes of Orenge seven Counts Palatin of the Rhin two Dukes of Brunswick two of Holstain one of Brandenburgh and one Duke of Wittenberg with divers other Forren Princes Now among all Orders purely Military ther is not any now remaining in the Christian world either more ancient or honorable then the Noble Order of Saint George wherof the Garter is a Symbole therfore are they calld Equites periscelidis Knights of the most Noble Order of the Garter which Order was first instituted by that Victorious King Edward the third who was offerd to be Emperour Anno 1350. which was threescore yeers wanting one before the Institution of the French Order of S. Michael by Lewis the eleventh and 229 yeers before the Order of St. Esprit by Henry the third and full fourscore yeers before the erection of the Order of the Golden Fleece by Philip Duke of Burgundy It is also 209 more ancient then the Order of the Knights of the Elephant which was devisd by the Kings of Denmark and much more then that of Amaranta excogitated by Sweden c. Now observable it is that among all these Orders l'ordre del toison d'or the Order of the Golden Fleece related to the English Wools which were transported to Flanders by our Merchants wherby all the Provinces adjoyning did so infinitly enrich themselfs And this Order of the Golden Fleece as it is one of the highest Esteem so it hath most affinity with our Order of St. George in point of Regulation as also that ther are so few of it For our Order is accounted far the Nobler because it hath constantly kept it self to the same number of Knights viz. 26. since the primitive Institution wheras the French Orders have multiplied so fast in number of Knights that one said the Order of the French Knighthoods are now become Collers for every Ass to wear about his neck And as this high Order of St. George hath the precedence of all other now worn by any King in point of Antiquity so the ground and designe of it was very Noble For when the first Idea of erecting a new Order of Knighthood entred into the head of the foresaid Heroick King Edward the third his thoughts reflected upon King Arthur who indeed was the first founder of Knighthood not only
kinred Nemo debet his puniri pro uno delicto No man is to be punishd twice for one offence Nemo potest plus juris in alium conferre quà m Ipse habet No man can transfer a greater power to any other then he hath himself Nemo tenetur prodere seipsum No man is bound to betray himself Omnia quae movent ad mortem sunt Deo danda All things which cause death are forfeit to God Qui non habet in aere luat in corpore Where the purse cannot let the body suffer Qui peccat ebrius luat sobrius Who offends when he is drunk let him be punishd when he is sober Qui sentit commodum sentire debet onus Who receive the benefit ought to feel the burden Quod semel meum est ampliùs meum non est That which was mine is none of mine Stat praesumptio donec probetur in contrarium A presumption stands till the contrary be provd Ubi non est principal is ibi non potest esse accessarius Where ther 's no principal ther can be no Accessary Unumquodque dissolvitur eo ligamine quo ligatur Evry thing is untyed as it is bound Par in parem non habet Imperium Equals cannot command one another Nemo dat quod non habet No man can give that which he hath not And this doth hold also in Heraldry therfore the Knighthoods with other Honors that Cromwel was so free to confer are void in Law because he was never Knight himself By these few Principles with multitudes more it appeers that the Common Law hath much affinity with the Civil wherof ther are as learned Professors in England as any where els Whence it may be inferrd that the King of Great Britain is supplied with more helps for the administration of Justice then any Nation in the world besides For in regard that England is an Iland having such a great Trade at Sea and so great dealing with divers other Nations Having also besides Land-matters both Temporal Ecclesiastical and Maritime which are not so proper for the Common Law He allows of the Civil Law answerable to the quality of the Case which hath bin practised in England beyond the memory of man or the reach of any Record And though ther happen oft some Emulations and high Contests betwixt these two Professions yet such hath bin the prudence of the Souvrain Prince to keep them both in as equal a Balance as could be and not to suffer the one to insult or encroach upon the other but to have the same freedom of study and practice to the universal good of Forreners as well as of his own Subjects And so much concerning the National Law and Prudential Constitutions of England The Tenth and last Paragraph Touching the greatness of Power of Military Might and Puissance by Land and Sea as well Defensive as Offensive c. of the King of Great Britain THe Duke of Rohan in his Book calld Les Interests des Princes The Interests of Princes saith that England is like a great Animal that cannot die unless he kill himself He acknowledgeth Her also to be Latroiseâ—…e Puissance the third Power of Christendom But by the Arguments that shall be producd in this Paragraph I believe it will appeer to any discerning and unbiassd Reader that England taking her Kingdoms annexd along with her strength at Sea as well as shore will be inferior to none Ther was a Comparison made long since That Gallia Hispania sunt quasi lances in Europae libra Anglia est lingula sive libripendens That France and Spain were as the Scales of the great Balance of Europe and that England was the Toung or Beam of the Balance which keeps it in aequilibrio in an even counterpoise that neither side shold be trabâ—…ccant This hath bin often verified specially in the Raign of Henry the eighth whose Motto was Cui adhaereo praeest He to whom I adhere prevails He wold somtimes make Francis the first to weigh down somtimes Charles the fifth And touching the former He acknowledgd King Henry under God to be the chiefest Deliverer of Him and his Children from his captivity in Spain And so likewise did Pope Clement when he was freed from the Castle of St. Angelo where Charles the Emperour had coopd him up Therfore was Henry of England calld Liberator Orbis by the whole Confistory at Rome as he was before Protector of the great Clementine League And indeed the Arbiter of all Christendom in his time Touching the Martial Might of the King of Great Britain we will first examine that of England which we must distinguish into Intrinsecal or Terrene And into Extrinsecal or Maritime Concerning the first ther are five Counties alone can put into the Field fourty thousand men all armd for so many are listed in the Muster-makers Book as Traind-Band-men viz. the County of York 12000 Kent 8000 Norfolk 〈◊〉 and Devonshire above 6000 apiece And the rest of the Counties whereof ther are fourty seven may have twice as many at least which come to a hundred and twenty thousand Soldiers eâ—…olld and ready upon all occasions either for general service or privat in the Counties where they are for assisting the Sheriff and other Officers in the execution of the Law in case of any resistance therfore are they calld Posse Comitatuâ—… The power of the County So that in time of peace England alone hath an hundred and twenty thousand Soldiers enrolld besides those in Ireland and Scotland And in time of War the late bloudy Rebellion bleeding yet in the purses and estates of many thousand poor Cavaliers hath sufficiently tryed the strength and wealth of England For ther was a computation made at one time of those that were in actual Arms for King and Parlement and they came to neer upon two hundred thousand fighting men under Commission wherof ther were about fifty thousand Horse and Dragoons And I do not remember to have read that in the time of the famous Ligue in France ther were so many take in strangers and all Hence we see that the King of Great Britain may be said to have a constant standing Army in time of peace of which he hath the sole disposing For the Sword is his as much as the Scepter and the Crown which are inalienable from his power and incommunicable to any other but by his Royal Commissions And indeed t is the Sword that makes all Kings powerful The Crown and the Scepter are but impotent and poor unweildy things they are but naked Indefensible badges without it Ther 's none so filly as to think ther 's meant hereby an ordinary single sword such as evry one carrieth by his side Or some Imaginary thing or Chymera of a sword No t is the publik Polemical Sword of the whole Nation It may be calld an Aggregative or compound Sword made up of all the Ammunition the Artillery Pikes Muskets Helmets Headpeeces with all kind of armes
great many by the Kings favor are daily ennobled Such a gallant Goverment France hath for the common Incolumity and publik defence of the Country and for the employment of the Gentry who are more numerous there then in any Kingdome els wherby the tru Rules of Policy are observd that shold be in a Monarchy which are For the King to command The Nobles to execut and The Peeple to obey and indeed the Peeple shold know nothing els but how to obey Now one of the prime Principles in France is to keep the common Peeple under a perfect subjection so that they may not be able to do any hurt And if they are kept poor hereby let them thank themselfs for if they were pamperd with wealth They wold be ever and anon kicking at Goverment for we know ther is not a more instable hair-braind Monster in the world then the Common Peeple as England of late yeers hath had such woful experience Touching the Civil Goverment of France and administration of Justice it is of that high esteem that divers Forren Princes have referrd their Causes to be determind to the Court of Parlement in Paris as a Consistory of high Reason and Integrity It stands upon record how the Emperour Frederik the second referrd the controversies betwixt him and Pope Innocent the fourth touching the Kingdome of Naples to the decision of this Court En dernier ressort to pass a Definitif unappealable Judgement The Count Namurs in a Difference twixt him and Charles de Valois did cast himself upon the verdict of this Court Philip Prince of Tarentum overcame the Duke of Burgundy in this Court touching the Expences he was at in recovering the Greek Empire The Dukes of Lorain have in divers things stood to the Arbitrament and Justice of this Court They of Cambray when they were a Free Peeple have been willing to be tryed by this Court The Confederacy also of the Kingdome of Castile and Portugal was confirmd by this Court. Now the reason why this Court gains such a high Repute is That none are admitted to sit in that Tribunal but persons of known Integrity Erudition and Gallantry which made Henry the second as Lansius hath it when by the importunity of a great Princess he had recommended one to sit there and being a person but of shallow parts and so rejected the King said merrily Ie pensois que parmy tant de Ginets un Asâ—…e pourroit bien passer I thought that among so many Ginets one Ass might have passd well enough Besides this of Paris ther are divers other Courts of Parlement and Praesidial Seats dispersd up and down the Country in such a convenient distance that the Client may not be put to make long Journies for Justice and that the Poor be not oppressd by the Rich for want of means to make such long Journies wherby they suffer the suit to fall as many use to do in England in the remotest places from London for want of such Courts I will conclude also this third Argument with some choice Verses of Ludovicus Bologninus a celebrated Civilian Francorum Reges sacro sub nomine nati Consilio semper valuerunt semper Armis Sanctaque fautores Bonitatis Iura tenentes Appellat Romana suos Ecclesia gnatos Et Primogenitos tali sunt nomine digni His Deus Imperium dedit sua Iura tuetur Unguntur sancti fiunt quicunque creantur The fourth Argument A Religione Nobilitate Ecclesiae from Religion and Nobleness of the Church SOme Authors affirm that when our Saviour sufferd upon the Cross He lookd towards France whence they infer that it was a blessed Omen that Christian Religion shold florish most in that Kingdome Moreover it is a rare and indeed an unparallelld thing that ther was in France before the passion of our Saviour a Church viz. Ecclesia Carnotensis as it remains upon good record which was dedicated Virgini Pariturae to the Virgin that shold bear as we read ther was in Greece an Altar erected 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To the unknown God This made the Emperour Iulius Caesar who had felt the pulse of that peeple more then any other to give this Encomium of them in his Commentaries Natura est omnium Gallorum admodum dedita Religioni T is the nature of all the Gauls to be much addicted to Religion As in the dark times of Paganism they were observd to be so devout so since the glorious Light of Christianity did shine upon the Flower de Luces the French Nation hath bin found to be transported with an extraordinary zeal to Religion And this Heavenly Light began to shine and shoot its Rays betimes for we read that Iraeneus one of the first Primitive Fathers was Bishop of Lions and he was Disciple to Polycarpus and Polycarpus was Disciple to St. Iohn the Evangelist by whom he was sent from Asia among the Gaules for the plantation and propagation of Christian Faith as St. Hierome relates St. Hilarius who was another Father of the Primitive Church was also Bishop of the Picts in France where he composd his excellent Works which are partly Expository partly Controversial though ther occur often some African barbarous Latin words in them as disfrocite for degenerate Zabulus for diabolus c. What a multitude of Hevenly Martyrs hath France had for in all the ten Persecutions ther were some of them signd still their Faith with their bloud In the Emperour Valerians time ther were famons French Martyrs as Florentius Bishop of Vienna Pontius Cassius Victorinus Liminius Anatolianus with others whom Gregory Turonensis mentions and whose names are enrolld in the Catalog of Saints to all posterity And this was a little before the unluckly Novatian Heresie crept into France and infected divers other Countries Nay to go higher up and to the very source of Christianity ther are some Authors who avouch that St. Paul was in France and that the chief Church in Vienna was built by him as this ancient Verse there engraven shews Paulus praeco Crucis tibi dat primordia Lucis Ther be other Authors who affirm that St. Peter also was in France And that ther landed at one time in Marseilles Lazarus Mary Magdalen Martha and Marcella as it is recorded in a Manuscript of the English History in the Vatican wherof Baronius makes mention And about that time Ioseph of Arimathea that Noble Decurion passd through France into Britain with the foresaid Marcella who was she that is mentiond in the Gospel who being divinely inspird cryed out with a loud voice when Christ was preaching Happy is the womb that brought Thee forth and the paps that gave Thee suck Spencaeus also makes mention that St. Luke was in France As also Savinianus one of the 72 Disciples and Martialis another of them who some do affirm to be He who sold the five Barly Loaves and the two Fishes wherwith our Saviour fed five thousand And if the Holy Reliques of
they are excerpted drawn and deprompted out of the eminentst Authors who have written in their behalf and that with such fidelity and truth as the Majesty of so high a subject doth require not omitting any Argument that had weight in it Touching the competition twixt other Souverain Princes as that twixt the King of Denmark and Him of Sweden who both entitle themselfs Kings of the Goths and Vandals as also that twixt the Portugues and the Pole Twixt the Republiks of Venice and Genoa who both pretend to be Teste Coronate to be Crowned Heads because thâ—… one had the Kingdome of Cyprus the other hath that of Corsica under her Dominion as likewise the old Competition twixt the Duke of Savoy and Him of Milan which is now drownd in the Spanish Titles Nor of the Princes of Germany I say that the Disputes of these Precedencies do not belong to this present Discourse Ther are also divers other Competitions twixt Cities as well as Souvrain Princes as twixt Milan and Ravenna in Italy twixt Strasburg and Norimburg in Germany twixt Toledo Burgos in Spain which Philip 2. did in some mesure reconcile For when in a Parlement which they call Las Cortes ther was a high feud twixt these two Cities whose Bourgesse shold speak first the King stood up and said Hable Burgos que por Toledo hablare yo Let Burgos speak for Toledo I will speak my self The like Competition is in England for Precedence twixt Oxford and Cambridge which hath bin often debated in Parlement though Oxford had always the better because she is namd first in all Acts of Parlement for Subsidies Nor indeed hath Cambridge reason to contend in this point if Antiquity take place and Antiquity is a good argument for Lucian will tell us that when ther was a Contest in Heven twixt Esculapius and Hercules for Precedence Esculapius carried it because he came first thither Therfore Cambridge need not be offended with the Poet when he sung Hysteron Proteron praepostera forma loquendi Exempli causa Cant'brigia Oxonium Ther 's also another Argument for Oxford drawn ab Etymologia which the Philosopher tells us is a good way of arguing viz. Ther was an Ox and a Ford then Came a Bridge But these two Noble Sisters as they are unparallelld by any other in their kind let them be equal among themselfs and listen unto the Poet Sisters why strive you for Antiquity The older still the likelier for to die Wold you wish your own ruine surely no Let Mouldring Age on meaner things take hold But may You florish still and nere grow old And let this be a Close to the Third Section The fourth last Section CONTAINING A DISCOURSE OF AMBASSADORS THer is a good Rule in the Schools Qui bene dividit bene docet Therfore we will make this Fourth Section to conform and quadrat with the other Three in point of Division It shall also be a Decade with the rest and as ther is Affinity of Matter betwixt them so ther shall be affinity of Method For it shall likewise consist of ten Parts or Paragraphs 1. The first shall be of the derivation and Etymologie of this word Ambassador with the Definition Division and Denomination of Ambassadors and Legats 2. The second shall be of the indispensable and absolut necessity of Ambassadors and that Mankind cannot subsist without Them 3. Of the Antiquity the first Rise and Pedigree of Ambassadors as also of their Dignity high Honor and Pre-eminence and who are capable to employ them 4. Of their Privileges Reception Security and the inviolable sacred esteem of their Persons 5. Of the Breeding and Education the Parts and Perfections both acquird and natural which are requird in an Ambassador 6. Of the Election and choice of an Ambassador that he should be Par Negotio adaequat to the Employment he goes about 7. Of the Office and Duty of an Ambassador in the execution of his Place and acquitting Himself of the great Fiduciary Trust reposd in Him 8. Of the Laws of England relating to Ambassadors how they use to be receavd and treated in the English Court and what Rewards they receave c. 9. Of the wise Comportment and witty Sayings of divers Ambassadors during the time of their Negotiation 10. Of the extraordinary Prudence and Reservedness the Stoutness and Generosity of divers English Ambassadors c. THer are many Authors who have made it their business to write of Ambassadors and of their Office Incumbency and Charge as also of their Qualities Breeding and sutable Parts They have moreover undertaken to prescribe them Rules Precepts and Cautions but those Precepts may fit any other Minister of State or Magistrat and so they amuse the Reader with Universals But this Discourse shall keep close to the Person of the Ambassador and to the Nature of his Function Office and Duty And so we will take the first Paragraph in hand 1 Paragraph Touching the derivation and Etymologie of this word Ambassador With the Definition Division and Denomination of Ambassadors and Legats NEither Don Antonio de Zuniga the Spaniard nor Doctor Gasparo Bragaccia the Italian with divers others who have written so largely of an Ambassador do let us know what the Word is either Ambassadeur Ambasciatore Embaxador or Ambascia Now we find them all to be of great Antiquity for they are derivd of an old Celtik or Gaulish word which Celtiks were before the Greeks or Latins a Peeple that dwelt where Paris in France now stands being calld so before the Romans or the Franconians came in Now Embassy or Ambascy comes of Ambachten which is to work and Ambacht was a servant in the old Gaulik or Celtik toung wherunto alludes Bachken usd yet in Wales for a servant wherby among divers other Arguments it is very probable that the ancient Gaules and Britains spake one Language originally From hence came Ambactus which Tacitus useth when he saith That Galli plurimos circumse Ambactos Clientesque habent So that Ambasciator derivd hence is come now to be a servant or Minister of honor for in some Translations we have Paulus Dei gratia Diaconus Ambasciator Insomuch that it may well extend to the holy Function of Priests For the Minister on the Desk may be said to be the Peeples Ambassador to God and in the Pulpit Gods Ambassador to the Peeple But the Italians wold have Ambasciatore to come from the old Hetruscan word Bascer which signifidth nunciare to report or declare Others have a conceit that it may come from the word Ambo because he is a Mediator twixt both Parties Now touching the Definition of an Ambassador or Legat Don Antonio de Zuniga defines him thus A Legat or Ambassador is a Conciliator of the Affairs of Princes A Man sent from far to treat of publik Concernments by particular Election not by strength and stratagems of War but by Eloquence and force of Wit Others define him to be a