be made toll-free in all places saith Ely book freed it from that burthen of watching and warding the duty it ow'd to Norwich-Castle He made the way from Exning to Ely above six miles through the fens 5 He began the fair Palace at Ely for his successors and purchas'd many a fair estate for the Church s use His successors by lessening the number of Monks for from 70 they brought 'em to 40 and by the plenty of all things overflow'd with wealth and riches even till our fathers days and their Holydays and Festivals were always celebrated with such great provisions and pomp that they won the prize in that point from all the Monasteries in England Whence a Poet in those times not improperly says Praevisis aliis Eliensia festa videre Est quasi praevisa nocte videre diem After all others see but Ely's feast You 'll see glad day when tedious night is past The Cathedral also which began to totter with age they built by degrees and brought it to that magnificence it now has 't is a spacious stately and beautiful structure but somewhat defac'd by shamefully breaking down the Noblemens and Bishops tombs Now instead of the full Convent of Monks there is a Dean Prebendaries and a Free-school for the teaching and maintaining 24 boys m In Ely the Bishop has a stately Palace built of late years there are four things about this Church much talk'd of by the common people the Lantern on the top of all just over the Quire supported by eight pillars with singular art hung by John de Hothum the Bishop St. Mary's Chapel standing under the Church to the North a delicate piece of work built by Simon Montacute Bishop a great round heap of earth and very high call'd The Mount on the South-side where a Wind-mill stands lastly a famous fruitful Vine which is now wither'd Which four were joyn'd together in these Rhimes by a certain Monk of the place Haec sunt Eliae Lanterna Capella Mariae Atque Molendinum necnon dans vinea Vinum Saint Mary's Chapel you at Ely see The lofty Lantern rival of the sky The Mill and Vine that bread and drink supply As for Ely it self it is a pretty large city but not much remarkable either for beauty or populousness by reason of its fenny situation and unwholesom air 6 Although it be seated somewhat higher Near to it is Downham where the Bishop hath his residing house with a Park Near to Downham is Cowney the ancientest seat of the family sirnam'd for their habitation here Lisle and De Insula and first planted here by Nigellus the second Bishop of Ely their allie in the time of King Henry 1. as is set down in a Leiger-book of Ely Chateries or Cheaterich is not far hence westward where Alwena a devout woman founded a Nunnery upon a copped ground encompass'd with fens while her husband founded Ramsey z Amidst the same fens to the North-west was a famous Abby from its standing among thorns and bushes call'd Thorney Thorney formerly Ankerige from the Anchorites dwelling there where Sexuulph a very religious devout man as it is in Peterborough-book founded a Monastery with Hermits Cells It was afterwards ruin'd by the Danes but Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester to encourage the Monastick way of living rebuilt it stor'd it with Monks and encompass'd it with trees This place says Malmsbury is the very picture of Paradise for pleasantness resembling Heaven it self amidst the very marshes fruitful in trees whose straight tapering tallness emulates the stars a plain smooth as water charms your eyes with pleasing green where 's no rub to stop the swiftest pace There 's not an inch of ground uncultivated here a place swelling with apple-trees there a field overspread with vines either creeping upon the ground or climbing up poles to support them A mutual strife there is between nature and husbandry that one may always supply what the other forgets What shall I say of the beauty of the buildings to be admir'd if it were only for the fenns making such solid and unshaken foundations It is a wonderful solitary and retir'd place fit indeed for Monks it makes them more mindful of heavenly things and more mortify'd to things below 'T is a prodigy to see a woman here and when but a man comes he 's welcom'd like an Angel So that I may truly call this Isle a Lodge for Chastity an Harbour for Honesty and a School for Divine Philosophy Wisbich Wisbich the Bishop of Ely's castle stands about 13 miles off situated among fens and rivers and lately made a prison for the Romish Priests I have nothing more to say of it but only that this Town and Walepole Walepole were both given to Ely-Monastery by the owner of them at the same time that he dedicated his little son Alwin to a monkish life that William the first erected a castle here when the out-laws made their incursions from these fenny parts and that in the year 1236 the tempestuous waves for two days so violently broke in upon this shore that it drown'd both land and people all about But the Brick-castle that is still there was built by John Morton Bishop of Ely in our grandfathers days who also drew a straight ditch through this fenny Country call'd Newleame Newleame for the better convenience of water-carriage and for encreasing the trade and wealth of this his town tho' indeed it hapn'd to the contrary for it is but of small use and the neighbours mightily complain that this has quite stop'd the course of the Avon or Nen into the Sea by Clowcross Clowcrâ—ss The first Earl of Cambridge Earls of Cambridge was William brother of Ranulph Earl of Chester as may be seen by a Patent of Alexander Bishop of Lincoln dated 1139. After him 't is probable that those Earls of Huntingdon that were of the royal blood of Scotland were likewise Earls of Cambridge for it appears from the publick records of the kingdom That David Earl of Huntingdon receiv'd the third penny of the County of Cambridge A long time after John of Hainault brother to William third Earl of Holland and Hainault was advanc'd to this dignity by Edward 3. for the sake of Queen Philippa whose Kinsman he was For her sake also he honour'd William Marquiss of Juliers her sister's son with the same title after John had revolted and gone over to the French After the decease of these Forreigners King Edward 3. settled this Honour upon his fifth son Edmund of Langley which after he had held four years I have my authority from an old manuscript belonging to that admirable Antiquary Francis Thinn The Earl of Hainault Queen Philippa's Cousin came and openly claim'd it in Parliament but he return'd satisfy'd at last This Edmund of Langley afterwards Duke of York had two Sons Edward Duke of York for a while Earl of Cambridge and slain in the battel of Agincourt and
word without offence profaned The Degrees of ENGLAND AS to the division of our State it consists of a King or Monarch the Nobles Citizens Free-men which we call Yeomen and Tradesmen The KING The King stiled by our Ancestors Coning and Cyning e Either relating to cene which in Saxon signifies stout valiant c. or to cunnan which signifies to know or understand from whence a designing subtle man is called a Cunning man a name under which is coucht both power and wisdom by us contracted into King has in these Kingdoms the supreme power and a meer government nor holds he his Empire by vassalage neither does he receive Investiture from another nor own any superior Bracton l. 1. c. 8. but God And as that Oracle of Law has delivered it Every one is under him and himself under none but only God He has very many Rights of Majesty peculiar to himself which the learned in the law term The Holy of Holies and Individuals because they are inseparable but the common people The King's Prerogative and those they tell us are denoted by the flowers in the King's Crown Some of these the King enjoys by a written Law others by Right of custom which without a law is established by a tacit consent of the whole body and surely he deserves them Seneca since by his watchfulness every man's house by his labour every man's ease by his industry every one's pleasure and by his toil every one's recreation is secured to him But these things are too sublime to belong properly to my business Next the King is his eldest son and as he amongst the Romans that was designed for the Successor The Prince was first called Prince of the youth * Princeps juventutis and as flattery prevail'd afterwards Caesar Noble Caesar and the most noble Caesar so ours was by our Saxon Ancestors termed Aetheling Aetheling i.e. noble and in Latin Clyto Clyto from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 famous that age affecting the Greek tongue Upon which that saying concerning Eadgar the last heir male of the English Crown is still kept up Eadgar Eðeling Englands Searling i.e. Eadgar the noble England's darling And in the antient Latin Charters of the Kings we often read Ego E. vel AE Clyto the King's son But the name of Clyto I have observed to be given to the King's children in general After the Norman Conquest he had no standing honorary title nor any other that I know of but barely The King's Son or The King's eldest Son till Edward I. summoned to Parliament his son Edward under the title of Prince of Wales Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester to whom he granted also afterwards the Dukedom of Aquitain And this when he came to be King Edward II. summoned his son Edward to Parliament then scarce ten years old under the title of Earl of Chester and Flint But that Edward coming to the Crown created Edward his son a most accomplisht soldier Duke of Cornwal since which time the King 's eldest son f If he be eldest son but if the first dies the second is not born to the same Title See concerning this in the Notes upon Cornwall p. 15 is born Duke of Cornwall And a little after he honoured the same person with the title of Prince of Wales by a solemn Investiture The Principality of Wales was conferred upon him in these words to be held by him and his heirs Kings of England And as the heirs apparent of the Roman Empire were as I observed but just now called Caesars of the Grecian Despotae Lords those of the Kingdom of France Dauphins and of Spain Infantes so those of England have been since that time stiled Princes of Wales And that title continued till the time of Henry VIII when Wales was entirely united to the Kingdom of England But now the formerly divided Kingdoms of Britain being reduced into one under the government of the most potent King James his eldest son Henry the darling and delight of Britain is called Prince of Great Britain whom as nature has made capable of the greatest things so that God would bless him with the highest virtues and a lasting honour that his success may outdo both our hopes of him as also the atchievements and high character of his forefathers by a long and prosperous Reign is the constant and hearty prayer of all Britain Our Nobles are divided into Greater and Less The Greater Nobles we call Dukes Marquesses Earls and Barons who either enjoy these titles by an hereditary claim or have them conferred on them by the King as a reward of their merits A DUKE A Dukâ— is the next title of honour to the Prince At first this was a name of office not of honour About the time of Aelius Verus those who were appointed to guard the Frontiers were first called Dukes and this title in Constantine's time was inferiour to that of a Count. After the destruction of the Roman Empire this title still continued to be the name of an Office and those amongst us who in the Saxon times are stiled Dukes in such great numbers by the antient Charters are in the English tongue only called Ealdormen The same also who are named Dukes are likewise termed Counts for instance most people call William the Conqueror of England Duke of Normandy whereas William of Malmesbury writes him Count of Normandy However that both Duke and Count were names of Office Mar. â—â— Formaâ— is plain from the form of each's creation which we find in Marculph an antient writer The Royal clemency is particularly signalized upon this account that among all the people the good and the watchful are singled out nor is it convenient to commit the judiciary power to any one who has not first approved his loyalty and valour Since weâ—t therefore seem to have sufficiently experienced your fidelity and usefulness we commit to you the power of a Count Duke or Patriciâ—us President in that Lordship which your predecessor governed to act in and rule over it Still upon this condition that you are entirely true to our government and all the people within those limits may live under and be swayed by your government and authority and that you rule justly according to law and their own customs that you zealously protect widows and orphans that you severely punish the crimes of robbers and malefactors so that those who live regularly under your government may be cheerful and undisturbed and that whatever profit arises from such actions to the Exchequer you your self bring yearly into our coffers It began to be an honorary title under Otho the Great â—gâ—ius l. 〈◊〉 Regni â—â—lici about the year 970. For he in order to bind valiant and prudent persons more effectually to his own interest honour'd them with what he call'd Râ—gelia Royalties Those Royalties were either Dignities or Lands in Fee The
In Burgundy the use of this name is very antient for we find in Gregory of Tours Abou◠〈◊〉 year 5â— The Barons of Burgundy as well Bishops as those of the Laity The first mention of a Baron with us that I have met withal is in a Fragment of the Laws of Canutus King of England and Denmark and even in that according to different copies it is read Vironis Baronis and Thani But that the Barons are there meant is plain from the Laws of William the Conqueror amongst which are inserted those of Canutus translated into Norman where it is writ Baron Take the whole passage But let the * Hâ—â—iâ—â— or Reâ—â— Exercituals be so moderated as to be tolerable An Earl shall provide those â—hings that are fitting eight horses four saddled and four unsaddled four steel caps and four coats of mail eight javelins and as many shields four swords and two hundred maucae of gold But a King 's Viron or Baron who is next to him shall have four horses two saddled and two unsaddled two swords four javelins and as many shields one steel cap and fifty †Possiâ—â— for â—â—â—usae iâ— 30 pâ—â—â— Many Thâ—â—â—â— Englâ—â— in the Câ—queroâ— time maucae of gold In the beginning also of the Norman times the Valvasors and Thanes were reckoned in dignity next the Earls and Barons and the Greater Valvasors if we may believe those who have writ concerning Feudal-tenures were the same as Barons are now So that Baro may seem to come from that name which time has by little and little made better and smoother But even then it was not so very honourable for in those times there were some Earls who had their Barons under them and I remember I have read in the antient Constitutions of France that there were ten Barons under one Earl and as many * Câ—â—inâ—â— Chieftans under a Baron 'T is likewise certain that there are extant some Charters since the Norman Conquest wherein the Earls write thus To all my Barons as well French as English greeting c. Nay even citizens of the better rank were called Barons so in Domesday-book the citizens of Warwick are stiled Barons and the citizens of London with the Inhabitants of the Cinque Ports enjoyed the same title But a few years after as Senators of Rome were chosen by their estates so those were accounted Barons with us who held their lands by an entire Barony or 13 Knights fees and one third of a Knight's fee every fee as we have it in an antient Book being computed at twenty pounds which in all make 400 Mark For that was the value of one entire Barony and they that had lands and revenues to this value were wont to be summoned to Parliaments It seems to have been a dignity with a jurisdiction which the Court-Barons Court â—â—rons as they call them do in some measure show And the great number of Barons too would persuade us that they were Lords who could give judgment within their own jurisdiction such as those are whom the Germans call Free-heirs especially if they had their castles for then they answered to the definition of Baldus that famous Lawyer who calls him a Baron that had a †Morâ— mixtuâ—â— impeâ—â—â— mere and mixt government in some one Castle by the grant of the Prince And all they as some would have it who held Baronies seem to have claimed that honour so that some of our Lawyers think that Baron and Barony Earl and Earldom Duke and Dukedom King and Kingdom Matth. Parts pag. 1262. were as it were Conjugates 'T is certain in that age K. Henry 3d reckoned 150 Baronies in England Upon which it comes to pass that in the Charters and Histories of that age almost all Noblemen are stil'd Barons a term in those times exceeding honourable â—aâ—onage 〈◊〉 Engâ—and the Baronage of England including in a manner all the prime Orders of the Kingdom Dukes Marquisses Earls and Barons But that name has come to the greatest honour since King Henry 3d out of such a multitude of them which was seditious and turbulent summoned to Parliament by his Writs some of the best only For he the words are taken out of an Author of considerable Antiquity after those great disturbances and enormous vexations between the King himself Simon de Montefort and other Barons were laid appointed and ordained that all such Earls and Barons of the Kingdom of England to whom the King should vouchsafe to direct his Writs of summons should come to his Parliament and no others unless their Lord the King please to direct other Writs to them also But what he begun only a little before his death was strictly observed by Edward the First and his successors From that time those were only looked upon as Barons of the Kingdom â—ummons 〈◊〉 Parliaâ—ent whom the King by such Writs of summons as they term them should call to Parliament 5 And it is noted that the said prudent King Edward I. summoned always those of antient families that were most wise to his Parliaments but omitted their sons after their death If they were not answerable to their Parents in understanding Hol. until Richard the 2d the 10th of October in the eleventh year of his reign created John de Beauchamp of Holt Baron of Kederminster by the delivery of a Diploma From which time the Kings have often conferred that honour by a Diploma or rather honorary Letters and the putting on of a long robe And at this day this way of creating Barons by a Diploma and that other of Writs of summons are in use though they are greeted not under the name of Baron but of Chevalier 6 For the Common Law doth not acknowlege Baron to be a name of dignity Hol. Those that are thus created are call'd Barons of Parliament Barons of the Kingdom and Barons honorary to distinguish them from those which are commonly call'd Barons according to the ancient constitution as those of Burford and Walton and such as were Barons to the Count Palatines of Chester and of Penbroch who were feudal and Barons by tenure Those Parliamentary Barons are not like those of France and Germany call'd barely by that name but are by birth Peers Noblemen Great States and Counsellors of the Kingdom and are summon'd by the King in this form to treat of the weighty affairs of the nation and to deliver their judgment upon them They have their peculiar immunities and privileges as in criminal causes to be judged by their Peers only not to have an oath demanded of them but in such case 't is sufficient if they deliver any thing upon honour not to be called among the Jury of twelve to enquire into matters of fact not to be liable to the Writs Supplicavit Capias Essoins and a great many other privileges which I leave to the Lawyers whose proper business it is to treat of these and things of the like nature Besides
Marshall were complained of it was ordained in these words Marescallus de quolibet Comite Barone integram Baroniam tenente de uno palfrido sit contentus vel de pretio quale antiquitus percipere consuevit ita quod si ad homagium quod fecit palfridum vel pretium in formâ praedictâ ceperit ad militiam suam nihil capiat Et si fortè ad homagium nihil ceperit ad militiam suam capiat De Abbatibus Prioribus integram baroniam tenentibus cum homagium aut fidelitatem pro Baroniis suis fecerunt capiat palfridum vel pretium ut praedictium est Hoc idem de Archiepiscopis Episcopis observandum est De his autem qui partem Baroniae tenent sive sint Religiosi sive Seculares capiat secundum portionem partis Baroniae quam tenent De Religiosis tenentibus in liberam elymosynam non per Baroniam vel partem nihil de caetero exigat Marescallus And about that time were set down all the Droites belonging to the Earl Marshall in a Roll which was laid up in the Wardrobe but that vanished shortly after For as it appeareth by Record in the 18th of Edward the third the Kind directed a brief to the Barons of the Exchequer of the fees and all things else belonging to the office of Earl Marshal and they returned in their certificate annexed to the Brief nothing but certain petty allowances of money wine candles for the Marshal and Magister Marescallus and for the four Marshals for every day qua faciant herbergeriam And out of the red book of the Exchequer they certifie in these words De officio Marescalciae survivit Gilbertus Mareschal Comes de Strigal cujus est officium tumultus sedare in domo Regis liberationes hospitiorum facere ostia aulae Regis custodire Accipit autem de quolibet Barone facto Milite à Rege quolibet Comite eâ die palfredum cum sella And by an inquisition taken about the 11th of Henry the fifth it appeareth that there belongeth to the Earls Marshals disposing the office of the Marshal in the King's-Bench the Marshal of the Exchequer with the office of the Cryer before the Marshal and the Marshal of the Hall of the King's House and some other such places But the greatest encrease of the authority of this Office hath been since there were no Constables for the Kings since that time have referred many matters to them which in former times were proper to the Constable Neither had the Marshal any precedency in respect of his place until King Henry the eighth in the 31st year of his reign by Parliament assigned him place next to the Lord Constable and before the Lord Admiral William Camden The Original and Dignity of the Earl Marshal of England By the same Hand SOme learned men which have discoursed of offices and magistracies in respect of some conveniencies in military matters have thought the office of Marshal in our age to be answerable to that of the Tribuni militum in the ancient Roman Estate and of the Protostrator in the late state of the Greek or Eastern Empire But this name of Marshall now in use which in process of time hath ascended unto so high a dignity began at such time as the Goths Vandals Franks and other Northern people overflowed Europe who setling themselves in the provinces of the Romans liking well their policy and government began not only to imitate the same but also to translate their titles of civil and military dignities into their own tongues so they translated retaining the signification Limitanei Duces into Marche-graffes Scutati into Shield-Knights Praefectus Palatii into Seneschalk Comes Stabuli into Mar-staller Minister Dei into Gods-schalke Praefectus Equitum into Mar-schalk For all they who have lately traced out Etymologies do consent that as Mar and Mark signifie a horse so Schalk signifieth a ruler an officer or Provost But the French mollified this harsh concurrence of consonants and have made of Seneschalk Marschalk c. Senschal and Marshall This name albeit happily the office might be was not in use in this realm in the Saxon government only they had their Staller which by signification and authority of Historians doth seem to be all one with the Constable But as this name came out of Germany with the Franks into France so out of France first arrived here with the Normans and Roger de Montgomery which was Marshall of the Norman army at the Conquest is accounted the first Marshal of England For some years after there is in Histories no mention of this office until in the confusion under King Stephen when as Maud Fitz-Empress for strengthening of her part made Milo Earl of Hereford and Constable of England so he for assuring his faction made Gilbert Clare Earl of Pembroke and Marshal of England with the state of inheritance who in respect of his usual habitation at Stryghall was commonly called Earl of Stryghall in which office his son Richard sirnamed Strongbow succeeded who first opened the way to the English for the conquest of Ireland by whose only daughter and heir it descended to William Marshall who had by her five sons which died all without issue and five daughters the eldest of them named Maud to whom in the partition was assigned the office of Marshal of England with the Mannor of Hempsted Marshal which as it is in old records the Marshals held in Marescaugiâ per virgam Mareschalliae This Maud was married to Hugh Bigot Earl of Norfolk whose son Roger in right of his mother was Marshal of England and after him Roger Bigot his nephew by the brother who incurring the displeasure of King Edward the first by denying to serve him in Guienne practising to hinder the King's expedition into Flanders and dissuading the Commons to pay subsidies imposed by Parliament in that respect for recovery of the King's favour surrendred up to the King for ever both his Earldom of Norfolk and office of Marshal of England which King Edward the second granted to his brother Thomas of Brotherton from whom it came inheritably to Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham whom King Richard the second created Earl Marshal of England whereas in former time they were stiled only Marshals of England and so from the Mowbrayes to Howards late Dukes of Norfolk yet this office hath not so descended without interruption in the aforesaid families but that upon disfavours and attainders it hath been oftentimes conferred upon others as appeareth by this Catalogue of them wherein they are set down successively The Marshals of England Roger de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury Walter Giffard Earl of Buckingham Robert Fitz-Ede base son of King Henry the first Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke Richard his son Earl of Pembroke William Marshall the elder Earl of Pembroke William his son Earl of Pembroke Richard his brother Earl of Pembroke Gilbert his brother Earl of Pembroke
of his being seized of the Castle Honour and Lordships of Arundel in his own demesn as of Fee in regard of this his possession of the same Castle Honour and Lordships and without any other consideration or creation to be an Earl was Earl of Arundel Parl. 11. H. 6. and the Name State and Honour of the Earl of Arundel c. peaceably enjoy'd as appears by a definitive Judgment in Parliament in favour of John Fitz-Alan challenging the Castle and Title of Arundel 5 By virtue of an entail against John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk the right heir by his mother in the nearest degree From whence we gather That the Name State and Dignity of an Earl was annex'd to the Castle Honour and Lordship of Arundel as may be seen in the Parliament-Rolls An. 27 Hen. 6. out of which I have copy'd these notes word for word Of these Fitz-Alans 6 Edmund second Earl son to Richard marry'd the heir of the Earl of Surrey and was beheaded through the malicious fury of Q. Isabel not lawfully convicted for that he oppos'd himself in King Edw. the 2d's behalf against her wicked practices His son Richard petition'd in Parliament to be restor'd to blood lands and goods for that his father was put to death not try'd by his Peers according to the Law and Great Charter of England Nevertheless whereas the Attainder of him was confirm'd by Parliament he was forc'd to amend his Petition and upon the amendment thereof he was restor'd by the King 's meer grace Richard his son as his grandfather died for his Sovereign 4 Edw. 3. lost his life for banding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his son more honourably ended his life serving King Henry 5. valorously in France and leaving his sisters his heirs general Sir John of Arundel Lord Maltravers his next Cousin and Heir Male obtain'd of K. Henr. 6. the Earldom of Arundel as we even now declared See before the Earls of Surrey and also was by the said King for his good service created Duke of Touraine Of the succeeding Earls I find nothing memorable the 11th liv'd in our time and dying without issue male was succeeded by Philip Howard his grandson by his daughter who not being able to digest wrongs and hard measure put upon him by the cunning tricks of some invidious persons fell into the snare they had laid for him and being brought into the utmost danger of his life dy'd But his son Thomas a most honourable young Gentleman ennobled with a fervent desire and pursuit after virtue and glory worthy his great birth and of an affable obliging temper was restor'd by King James and had all his father's honours return'd him by Act of Parliament Except the Castle and it's Earls Arundel hath nothing memorable for the College that there flourish'd and had the Earls for it's founders it's revenues being alienated now falls to decay Nevertheless there are some monuments of the Earls in the Church amongst the rest one of Alabaster very fair and noble in which in the middle of the Quire lie Earl Thomas and Beatrix his Wife 2d Daughter of John King of Portugal Neither must I pass by this Inscription very beautifully gilt set up here to the honour of Henry Fitz-Alan the last Earl of this Line since some possibly may be pleas'd with it VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM MAGNANIMUS HEROS CUJUS HIC CERNITUR EFFIGIES CUJUSQUE HIC SUBTER SITA SUNT OSSA HUJUS TERRITORII COMES FUIT SUI GENERIS AB ALANI FILIO COGNOMINATUS A MALATRAVERSO CLUNENSI ET OSWALDESTRENSI HONORIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSUPER AC BARO NUNCUPATUS GARTERIANI ORDINIS EQUESTRIS SANE NOBILISSIMI SODALIS DUM VIXIT ANTIQUISSIMUS ARUNDELIAE COMITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS UNICUS ET SUCCESSOR OMNIUMQUE VIRTUTUM PARTICEPS QUI HENRICO VIII EDWARDO VI. MARIAE ET ELIZABETHAE ANGLIAE REGIBUS A SECRETIS CONSILIIS VILLAE QUOQUE CALESIAE PRAEFECTURAM GESSIT ET CUM HENRICUS REX BOLONIAM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE CINXERAT EXERCITUS SUI MARESCALLUS PRIMARIUS DEINDE REGIS FUIT CAMERARIUS EJUSQUE FILIO EDWARDO DUM CORONARETUR MARESCALLI REGNI OFFICIUM GEREBAT EIQUE SICUT ANTEA PATRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS REGNANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CORONATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE SUMMUS CONSTITUITUR CONSTABULARIUS DOMUSQUE REGIAE POSTMODUM PRAEFECTUS AC CONSILII PRAESES SICUT ET ELIZABETHAE REGINAE CUJUS SIMILITER HOSPITII SENESCALLUS FUIT ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS PUBLICIS BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRATIBUS CLARIOR DOMI AC FORIS CLARISSIMUS HONORE FLORENS LABORE FRACTUS AETATE CONFECTUS POSTQUAM AETATIS SUAE ANNUM LXVIII ATTIGISSET LONDINI XXV DIE FEBRUARII ANNO NOSTRAE SALUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX PIE ET SUAVITER IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT JOANNES LUMLEY BARO DE LUMLEY GENER PIENTISSIMUS SUPREMAE VOLUNTATIS SUAE VINDEX SOCERO SUAVISSIMO ET PATRONO OPTIMO MAGNIFICENTISSIME FUNERATO NON MEMORIAE QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBI MULTIFARIIS VIRTUTIBUS COMPARAVIT SED CORPORIS MORTALIS ERGO IN SPEM FELICIS RESURRECTIONIS RECONDITI HANC ILLI EX PROPRIIS ARMATURIS STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MUNERE EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM LACHRYMIS DEVOTISSIME CONSECRAVIT That is Sacred to Virtue and Honour The Valiant Heroe whose Effigies you here see and whose Bones are buried underneath was Earl of these parts he had his Sirname by being the son of Alan and moreover took the honourable titles of Lord and Baron from Maltravers Clun and Oswaldestre he was Knight of the Garter and liv'd to be the Senior of that Noble Order only Son to William Earl of Arundel and heir both of his Estate and Virtues He was Privy Counsellor to Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Kings and Queens of England Governour of Calais and when Bologne a town of the old Morini was besieg'd by that King Henry was Marshal of the Army He was afterwards Lord Chamberlain to the said King and at the Coronation of his son Edward exercis'd the Office of Marshal of England to which King he was Lord Chamberlain as he had been to his Father Upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown he was made High-Constable of England for the Coronation afterwards Steward of her Houshold and President of the Council which honour he had under Queen Elizabeth to whom he was likewise Steward of the Houshold Thus this person noble by birth by the honourable discharge of Offices more noble and most of all so by his great Exploits at home and abroad with his honour untainted his body broken and worn out with age in the 68. year of his life dy'd in the Lord devoutly and comfortably at London on the 25. of February in the year of our Lord 1579. John Lumley Baron of Lumley his most dutiful and disconsolate son in Law and Executor with the utmost respect put up this Statue with his own Armour after he had been buried in great pomp for the kindest of Fathers-in-Law and the best of Patrons as the
whatever we admir'd in you still continues and will continue in the memories of men the revolutions of ages and the annals of time Many as inglorious and ignoble are bury'd in oblivion but Sidney shall live to all posterity For as the Grecian Poet has it Virtue 's beyond the reach of fate From hence the river Medway 30 Branching it self into 5 streamlets is joyn'd with as many stone-bridges and thereof giveth the name of Tunbridge to the town there situate as the town of bridges This about K. William Rufus's time Richard son of Count Gâ—lbert Grandchild to Godfrey Earl of Ewe and Lord of Briony goes on to Tunbridge Tunbridge where is an old Castle built by Richard de Clare who got it by exchange for Briony in Normandy For his grandfather Godfrey natural son to Richard 1. Duke of Normandy was Earl of Ewe and Briony For after a long contest about Briony Richard as we are told by Gulielmus Gemeticensis in recompence for the same castle took the town Tunbrige in England For they affirm that the Lowy of Briony was measur'd about with a line and that he râ—ceiv'd an equal quantity of ground at Tunbrige measur'd by the same line brought over into England 31 Shortly after he built here a fair large Castle fenc'd with the river a deep ditch and strong walis And albeit it is now ruinous and the Keep attir'd with ivy yet it manifestly sheweth what it was But his successors Earls of Glocester 32 And sirnam'd de Clare for that they were Lords of Clare in Suffolk built here a Priory for Canons of S. Austin's Order founded the Parish-Church which was impropriated to the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem and compounded about the Tenure of the Manour for which there had been long suit * The Lowy of Tunbridge Leuca * Clientelari jure held the manour as they call it of Tunbrige of the Archbishops of Canterbury upon condition that they should be stewards at the instalment of the Archbishops and should grant them the Wardship of their children 33 From those Clares Earls of Glocester it came by an heir general to Sir Hugh Audley Earl of Glocester and by his only daughter to the Earls of Stafford who were afterward Dukes of Buckingham and from them by attainder to the Crown It hath in latter ages been beholden to Sir Andrew Jude of London for a fair Free-school and to John Wilford for a Causey toward London Three miles directly south from hence in the very limit of Sussex Whetstenes and near Frant I saw in a white sandy ground divers vasty craggy stones of strange forms whereof two of the greatest stand so close together and yet severed with so streight a line as you would think they had been sawed asunder and Nature when she reared these might seem sportingly to have thought oâ— a Sea n From hence Medway glides forward 34 From Tunbridge Medway passeth by Haudelo from whence came that John Haudelo who happily marrying the heir of the Lord Burnell had issue by her a son who was call'd Nicholas summon'd to Parliament among the Baronâ— by the name of Burnell Then Medway encreased with another water called Twist which twisteth about and insulateth a large plot of good ground runneth on not far from Mereworth c. not far from Mereworth Mereworth where is a house like a little Castle which from the Earls of Arundel came to the Nevils Lords of Abergeuenny and to Le Despenser whose heir in a right line is Mary Fane to whom and her heirs King James in his first Parliament restor'd gave granted c. the name stile title honour and dignity of Baronesse le Despenser and that her heirs successively be Barons le Despenser for ever Barâ—nâ— Despâ—â— Ounâ—â—â— Letteâ—â— tents The Medway 35 Having receiv'd a rivulet that loseth it self under ground and riseth again at Loose serving 13 fuling-mills hastens next to Maidstone which because the Saxons call'd it Medwegston and Meopeageston I am inclin d to believe is the Vagniacae mention'd by Antoninus Vagâ— and nam'd by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cities Caer Megwad corruptly for Medwag Nor do the distances gainsay it on one hand from Noviomagus and on the other from Durobrovis of which by and by Under the later Emperors as we learn from the Peutegerian Table publishd lately by M. Velserus it is call'd Madus And thus we see in progress of time names are chang'd by little and little Maâ—â—â— This is a neat and populous town 36 For the â—air stone-bridge it hath been beholding to the Archbishops of Canterbury Among whom to grace this place of the conscience or waters Boniface of Savoy built a small College stretch'd out into a great length In the middle it has a Palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury begun by John Ufford Archbishop and finish'd by Simon Islip †and between them which it standeth in plight William Courtney erected a fair collâ—giaâ—â— Church in which he so great a Prelate and so high born lieth lowly entomb'd Here is likewise one of the two common Gaols of this County 37 And it hath been endow'd with sâ—ndry Privileges by K. Edw. 6. incorporated by the name of Mayor and Jurates all which in short time they lost by favouring rebels But Queen Elizabeth amply restor'd them c. and it is beholding for a great many immunities to Queen Elizabeth who made their chief Magistrate a Mayor instead of a Portgreve which they had till that time Portgâ—â—â— a thing I the rather take notice of because this is an ancient Saxon word and to this day among the Germans signifies a Governour as Markgrave Reingrave Landtgrave c. o Here below the Vagniacae the Medway is joyn'd by a small river from the east which rises at Leneham very probably the Durolenum of Antoninus writ falsly in some Copies Durolevum Duâ—â—â— Laâ—â— For Durolenum in British is the water Lenum and beside the remains of the name the distance from Durovernum and Durobrovis confirms this to be the Durolenum not to mention it's situation upon the Consâ—lar way of the Romans which formerly as Higden of Chester affirms went from Dover through the middle of Kent Hard by at Bocton Malherb Bocâ—â— Maâ—â—eâ—â— dwelt long since the noble family of the Wottons of which within our memory flourish'd both Nicholas Wotton Doctor of Laws Privy Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth sent Embassador to foreign Courts nine times and employ'd thrice in a Treaty of Peace between the English French and Scots and so run out the course of a long life with great commendations both of piety and prudence as also 38 Sir Edward Edward Wotton Barâ—â—â—ton his nephew's son by a brother whom for his great experience and knowledge Q. Elizabeth made Lord Controller and K. James created Baron Wotton of Merlay 39 Here
under is Ulcomb anciently a Mansion of the family De Sancto Leodegario commonly called Sentieger and Sellinger and Morinden where Sir R. Rockesley descended from Kriol and Crevecer built a house who held Lands at Seaton by Serjeanty to be Vantraâ—â—s Regis Fin. Mic. 11 E. 2. when the King goeth into Gascoin donec perusus fuerit pari solutarum pretii 4 d. which as they that understand Law-Latin for I do not translate that he should be the King's fore-footman until he had worn our a pair of shooes prized 4 d. Nor hath this river any other thing memorable upon it besides Leeds-castle Leeds-castle Famâ—y the Câ—â—queâ— built by the noble Crevequers call'd in ancient Charters de Crâ—uecuer and de Crepito corde Afterwards it was the unfortunate seat of Bartholomew Baron of Badilsmer who treacherously fortify'd it against King Edward 6. that had given it him but afterwards had the rewards of his treachery upon the gallows Take if you please the whole relation out of a little history of Thomas De-la-More a Nobleman of the same time which I lately publish'd In the year 1321. came Queen Isabel to the castle of Leeds about Michaelmas where she had design'd to lodge all night but was not suffer'd to enter The King highly resenting this as done in contempt of him call'd together some neighbouring inhabitants out of Essex and London and gave orders to besiege the Castle Bartholo mew de Badilsmer was he who own'd it and having left his wife and sons in it was gone with the rest of the Barons to spoil the estate of Hugh De-Spenser The besieg'd in the mean time despairing of succour the Barons with their Associates came as far as Kingston and by the mediation of the Bishops of Canterbury and London and the Earl of Pembroke petition'd the King to raise the Siege promising to surrender the Castle after the next Parliament But the King considering that the besieg'd could not hold out and moreover incens'd with their contumacy would not listen to the petition of the Barons After they had betook themselves to other parts he gain'd the Castle tho' with no small difficulty the rest of them that were in it he hang'd and sent his wife and sons to the Tower of London Thus the Medway after it has receiv'd the little river Len passes through fruitful Corn-fields and by Allington-Castle where Tho. Wiat senior a most learned Knight â—â—ford rebuilt a fair house 40 Now decay'd whose son Sir Thomas enrich'd by an heir of Sir T. Haut proposing to himself great hopes upon fair pretences pitifully overthrew himself and his state to Ailesford in Saxon Eaglesforð call'd by Henry Huntingdon Elstre by Ninnius Epifford who also has told us that 't was call'd Saissenaeg-haibail by the Britains because of the Saxons being conquer'd there as others have in the same sense call'd it Anglesford For Guor-timer the Britain son of Guortigern fell upon Hengist and the English Saxons here and disordering them so at first that they were not able to stand a second charge he put them to flight so that they had been routed for ever had not Hengist by a singular art of preventing dangers betook himself into the Isle of Thanet till that resolute fierceness of the Britains was a little allay'd and fresh forces came out of Germany In this battel the two Generals were slain Catigern the Britain and Horsa the Saxon the latter was buried at Horsted a little way from hence â—d and left his name to the place the former was bury'd in great state â—â—en's as 't is thought near Ailesford where 41 Under the side of a hill but not so artificially with mortis and tenents those four vast stones are pitch'd on end with others lying cross-ways upon them much of the same form with that British monument call'd Stone-henge And this the ignorant common people do still from Catigern name Keith-coty-house 42 In Ailsford it self for the religious house of the Carmelites founded by Richard Lord Grey of Codnor in the time of K. Henry 3. is now seen a fair habitation of Sir William Siddey a learned Knight painfully and expencefully studious of the common good of his country as both his endow'd house for the poor and the bridge here with the common voice do plentifully testifie p Nor must we forget Boxley â—â—y hard by where William de Ipres a Fleming Earl of Kent built a monastery in the year 1145. and supply'd it with monks from Clarevalle in Burgundy 43 Medway having wound himself higher from the east receiveth a brook springing near Wrotham or Wirtham so named for plenty of worts where the Archbishops had a place until Simon Islip pull'd it down leaveth Malling which grew to be a town after Gundulph Bishop of Rochester had there founded an Abbey of Nuns and watereth Leibourn which hath a Castle sometime the seat of a family thereof sirnamed out of which Sir Roger Leibourn was a great Agent in the Barons wars and William was a Parliamentary Baron in the time of K. Edw. 1. and not far from the opposite bank â—g just over against this is Birling 44 Now the habitation of the Lord Abergeveny formerly the Barony of the Maminots then of the Saies whose estate at last came by females to the families of Clinton Fienes and Aulton On the east-side of the Medway after it has pass'd by Halling â—â—g where Hamo de Heath Bishop of Rochester built a seat for his successors a little higher up is an ancient city call'd by Antoninus Duro-brus Duro-brivae and in some other places more truly Duro-provae â—â—revâ—s â—anciâ—ble â—sh'd â—elfer 〈◊〉 â—r 〈…〉 â—ester or Durobrovae Bede has it Duro-brevis and in the decline of the Roman Empire time did so contract this name that it was call'd Roibis whence with the addition of Ceaster which being deriv'd from the Latin castrum was us'd by our Forefathers to signifie a city town or castle they call'd it Hroueceaster and we more contractly Rochester as the Latins Roffa from one Rhoffus as Bede imagines tho' to me there seems to be some remains of that in the old Duro brovis And as to the name there is no reason to doubt of that since beside the course of the Itinerary and Bede's authority in an old Foundation-Charter of the Cathedral Church it is expresly call'd Durobrovis Only this I would have observ'd that the printed Copies of Bede read Daruervum where the Manuscripts have Durobrovis It is plac'd in a valley on some sides encompass'd 45 With a marsh river with walls but not very strong and as Malmesbury says is pent within too narrow a compass so that 't was formerly look'd upon as a Castle rather than a City for Bede calls it Castellum Cantuariorum i.e. the castle of the Kentish men But now it runs out with large suburbs towards west east and south It has had a great many
of Kingsdowne had that seditious 57 Sir Bartholomew Lord Badlismere Bartholomew mention'd before He again by Margaret Clare had 58 Sir Giles Lord Badilsmere Giles who dy'd without issue Margery wife of William Roos of Hamlak Mawd of John Vere Earl of Oxford Elizabeth of William Bohun Earl of Northampton and afterwards of Edmund Mortimer and Margaret of 59 Sir John John Tiptoft from whence descended a splendid race of Princes and Noblemen 60 Then saw I Tenham not commended for health but the parent as it were of all the choice fruit-gardens and orchards of Kent and the most large and delightsome of them all planted in the time of K. Henry 8. by Richard Harris his fruiterer to the publick good for 30 Parishes thereabout are replenish'd with Châ—rrygardens and Orchards beautifully dispos'd in direct lines Next I saw Feversham Feversham which is very commodiously seated for the most plentiful part of this Country lyes all round it and it has a bay very convenient for the importation and exportation of commodities for which reasons it flourishes at this day above it's neighbours And it seems formerly to have made a good figure since K. Aethelstan held a Meeting here of the Wise men of the Kingdom and enacted Laws in the year of our Redemption 903. and that Stephen who usurp'd the Crown of England built a Monastery for Cluniacks wherein himself his wife Mawd and his son Eustace were all bury'd u Near this place as also in other parts of the County they discover here and there pits of great depth which tho' narrow at the top yet more inward are very capacious having as it were distinct chambers with their pillars of Chalk To what end the pits in Kent might be made Several opinions have been broach'd about them For my part I have nothing to offer as my own conjecture unless they were those pits out of which the Britains digg'd white chalk to manure their ground as they are mention'd by Pliny For says he they us'd to sink pits a hundred foot deep narrow at the mouth but within of a great compass and just such are those very pits we describe nor are they met with any where but in chalky grounds Unless some imagine that the English-Saxons might digg such holes for the same uses the Germans did from whom they were descended They were wont says Tacitus to digg holes under ground and to overlay them with great quantities of dung thus they prov'd a refuge against winter and a garner for their corn for the bitterness of the cold is allay'd by such places And if at any time the enemy should surprise them he plunders only what 's open and expos'd the secret corners and pits being either altogether unknown or safe upon this account that they are to be sought for From thence upon an open shore abounding with shell-fish and particularly oysters of which the pits are very common we see Reculver Reculveâ— in Saxon Reaculf but formerly by the Romans and Britains Regulbium Regaâ—â—â—â— as 't is call'd in the Notitia which tells us that the Tribune of the first Cohort of the Vetasians lay here in garrison under the Count of the Saxon shore 61 Who had the command then of nine ports as the Lord Warden hath now of five ports for so in those times were the sea-coasts hereabouts stil'd And it justifies this it's Antiquity by l There have been ancient Medals and Coins lately dugg up here the coyns of Roman Empeâ—ors that are dugg up in it Aethelberht King of Kent when he gave Canterbury to Austin the Monk built here a palace for himself Basso a Saxon adorn'd it with a Monastery out of which Brightwald the eight in the See of Canterbury was call'd to be Archbishop Whereupon it was from the Monastery call'd also Raculf-minster when Edred brother to Edmund the Elder gave it to Christ-Church in Canterbury m Nothing is left but the Church and about 12 houses the sea having gain'd all the Town and at this day the Church it self is in great danger to be lost and to preserve it there are men almost continually employ'd to make good the wall or banks which may prevent it's breaking At this day 't is nothing but a little Country village and the small reputation it has is deriv'd 62 From the salt savoury oysters there dredged from that Monastery the towers whereof in the form of Pyramids are of use to sea-men for the avoiding of sands and shelves in the mouth of the Thames Haâ—râ—aâ—â— Jâ—â—â—â— H. â— in maâ—g For as a certain Poët has it in his Philippeis Cernit oloriferum Tamisim sua Doridi amarae Flumina miscentem See Thames renown'd for Swans with brackish waves Mix her pure stream w Now we are come to the Isle of Tanet divided from the Continent by the small chanel of the river Stour by Bede called Wantsum Stour 〈◊〉 which is made up of two different rivers in that woody tract nam'd the Weald So soon as it gets into one chanel it visits Ashford and Wy noted market-towns but small Both of them had their College of Priests that at the latter built by John Kemp Archbishop of Canterbury a native of the place x and the other by Sir R. Fogg Knight Wy had a peculiar Well also into which God was mov'd to infuse a wonderful virtue by the Prayers of 63 Eustace a certain Norman Monk if we may believe Roger Hoveden Pag. 45â— whom I would by all means recommend you to if you are an admirer of Miracles 64 As how the blind by drinking thereof recovered sight the dumb their speech the deaf their hearing the lame their limbs And how a woman possess'd of the Devil sipping thereof vomited two toads which immediately were first transform'd into huge black dogs and again into asses And much more no less strange than ridiculous which some in that age as easily believ'd as others â—asly forg'd Thence the Stour leaving East well the inhabitation of the family of the Finches worshipful of it self and by descent from Philip Belknap and Peoplesham goeth on to Chilham c. Next is Chilham Chilham or as others call it Julham where is the rubbish of an ancient Castle which one Fulbert of Dover is said to have built Fulbert of Dover which family soon ended in a female heir marry'd to Richard natural son of King John to whom she brought this castle and very large possessions He had two daughters by her Lora wife of William Marmion and Isabel wife of David de Strathbolgy Earl of Athole in Scotland 65 Afterward of Sir Alexander Baliol who was call'd to Parliament by the name of Lord of Chilham and mother to that John Earl of Athole who having been sentenc'd for repeated treasons to make him conspicuous in proportion to the nobility of his birth was hang'd at London upon a gallows 50 foot
dark stars with her refulgent train There Earth and Ocean their embraces join Here Ganges Danube Thermadon and Rhine And fruitful Nile in costly sculpture shine Above the rest Great Britain sits in state With golden fleeces cloath'd and crown'd with wheat And Gallick spoils lye trampled at her feet c. Here awful Isis fills his liquid throne Isis whom British streams their monarch own His never-wearied hands a spatious urn Down on his azure bosom gravely turn And flaggs and reeds his unpoll'd locks adorn Each waving horn the subject stream supplies And grateful light darts from his shining eyes His grizzly beard all wet hangs dropping down And gushing veins in wat'ry chanels run The little fish in joyful numbers crowd And silver swans fly o'er the crystal flood And clap their snowy wings c. Now as to what relates to the Earls of Glocester Earls of Gâ—ocester some have obtruded upon us William Fitz-Eustace for the first Earl Who this was I have not yet met with in my reading and l believe there was never such an one extant kk but what I have found I will not conceal from the Reader 'T is said that about the Norman Invasion one Bithrick a Saxon was Lord of Glocester Hist Monast against whom Maud the wife of William the Norman was highly exasperated Tewkesbury for the contempt of her beauty for he refus'd to marry her and so maliciously contrived his ruin and when he was cast into prison his estate was granted by the Conquerour to Robert the son of Haimon of Curboyle in Normandy commonly call'd Fitz-Haimon Fitz. Haimon who receiving a blow on the head with a Pole Guil. Malm. lived a great while raving and distracted His daughter Mabel by others call'd Sybil was married to Robert natural son of King Henry 1. who was made first Earl of Glocester and by the common writers of that age is call'd Consul of Glocester a man above all others in those times of a great and undaunted spirit that was never dismay'd by misfortunes and performed heroick and difficult actions with mighty honour in the cause of his sister Maud against Stephen the usurper of the crown of England His son William succeeded in the honour 31 Who dejected with comfortless grief when death had deprived him of his only son and heir assured his estate with his eldest daughter to John son to K. Henry 2. with certaine proviso's for his other daughters whose 3 daughters conveyed the dignity to so many families †John when he had obtained the kingdom repudiated her upon pretences as well that she was barren as that they were within prohibited degrees of consanguinity and reserving the castle of Bristow to himself after some time passed over his repudiated wife with the honour of Glocester to Geoffrey Mandevile son of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter Earl of Essex for 20000 marks who thus over marrying himself was greatly impoverished and wounded in Tournament died soon after without issue she being re-married to Hubert of Burgh died immediately The eldest Isabella brought this title to John the son of K. Henry 2. but when he had possessed himself of the throne he procured a divorce from her and sold her for 20000 marks to Geoffry de Mandeville son of Geoffry son of Peter Earl of Essex Pat. 15. Joan. R. 4. and created him Earl of Glocester He being dead without issue Almaric †Ebroicensis son to the Earl of Eureux had this honour conferred upon him as being born of Mabil 32 The eldest the youngest daughter of Earl William aforesaid But Almaric dying also childless the honour descended to Amicia the second daughter who being married to Richard de Clare Earl of Hertford was mother to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester 33 Who was stiled Earl of Glocester and Hertford and mightily enrich'd his house by marrying one of the heirs of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke His son and successor Richard in the beginning of the Barons Wars against K. Hen. 3. ended his life having Gilbert his son to succeed him who powerfully and prudently swayed much in the said wars as he inclined to them or the King He obnoxious to K. Edw. 1. surrendred his lands unto him and received them again by marrying Joan the King's daughter sirnamed of Acres in the Holy Land bâ—cause she was there born to his second wife who bore unto him Gilbert Clare last Earl of Glocester of this sirname slain in the flower of his youth in Scotland at the battel of Sterling in the sixth year of K. Edw. 2. Earls of Glocester and Hertford whose son Richard and his grandson Gilbert 2. and great grandson Gilbert 3. who fell in the battel at Sterling in Scotland successively inherited this title But in the minority of Gilbert 3. 34 Sir Ralph Ralph de Montehemer who did clandestinely espouse the widow of Gilbert 2. and * Call'd Jeanna D'Acres because born at Acon daughter of Edward 1. 35 For which he incurred the King's high displeasure and a short imprisonment but after reconciled was summoned to Parliaments by the name of Earl of Glocester and Hertford But when Gilbert was out of his minority he was summoned among the Barons by the name of Sir Ralph de Mont-hermer as long as he lived which I note more willingly for the rareness of the example for some time enjoy'd the title of Earl of Glocester But when Gilbert had arrived at the age of 21 years he claimed the title and was call'd to serve in Parliament amongst the Barons After Gilbert 3. who died childless 36 Sir Hugh Le de Spencer Hugh de Spencer or Spencer jun. is by writers stiled Earl of Glocester in right of his wife who was the eldest sister of Gilbert 3. But he being hang'd by the Queen and her Lords in despight to Edward 2. Tho. de la Marc in the life of Ed. 2. whose Favourite he was 37 Sir Hugh Audley Hugh de Audley who married the other sister by the favour of Edward 3. obtained the honour After whose death King Richard 2. erected this title into a Dukedom of which there were three Dukes with one Earl between and to them all it was unfortunate and fatal and brought them to their ruin Thomas of Woodstock Earl of Buckingham the youngest son of King Edward 3. Dukes of Glocester was the first that was dignify'd with the title of Duke but presently fell into the displeasure of King Richard 2. for being an ambitious man of an unquiet spirit he was surprised and sent to Calais and there smothered he with a Feather-bed having before made a confession under his hand as appears in the Parliament Rolls that by virtue of a Patent which he had extorted from the King he had arrogated to himself Regal Authority appear'd armed in the King's presence contumeliously revil'd him consulted with learned men how he might renounce his Allegiance and
I cannot tell The Saxon Annals call it Lygeanburh except Laud's Copy which calls it Lygeanbyrig and Florence of Worcester confirms the reading when he terms it Liganburh the later writers call it Lienberig Lienberi The placing it at Loughburrow seems to draw Cuthwulf too far out of his road for the next town he took was Ailesbury and 't is strange that in such a great distance he should not make an attempt upon some other The manner of his progress seems to favour Leighton in Bedfordshire See that County That this Loughborrow was that royal Vill in the Saxon tongue calld Lieganburge which Marianus says Cuthulfus took from the Britains in the year of Christ 572 the affinity of the names does in some sort evince At present it is justly esteem'd the second town of all this County next to Leicester as well in respect of its bigness and buildings as the pleasant woods about it For near the side of this town the forest of Charnwood Charnwood Forest or Charley q The forest of Charley is 20 miles in compass Lel. Itin. p 14. See a larger description of it in Burton's Leicestersh pag. 69. spreads it self a long way Within the bounds whereof is Beaumanour Park which the Lords Beaumonts enclos'd as I have heard with a stone-wall 17 These Beaumonts descended from a younger son of John Count of Brene in France who for his high honour and true valour was preferr'd to marry the heir of the kingdom of Jerusalem and with great pomp crown'd King of Jerusalem in the year of our Lord 1248. Hence it is that we see the Arms of Jerusalem so often quarter'd with those of Beaumont in sundry places of England Sir Hâ—n Beaumont was the first that planted himself in England about the year 1308. Which Lords were descended as is commonly believ'd of a French family certain it is that they come from John de Brenne King of Jerusalem and that they first settled in England about the reign of Edw. 1. And by marriage with the daughter of Alexander Comyn Earl of Boghan in Scotland whose mother was one of the heirs of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester they got a very plentiful inheritance and became a great family Of which family Viscounts Beaumont in the reign of King Edward 3. Henry was for several years summoned to Parliament by the name of Earl of Boghan and in the reign of Hen. 6. John was for a time Constable of England and the first in England The first honorary Viscount in England that I know of whom the King advanc'd to the honour of a Viscount But when William the last Viscount dy'd without issue his sister became the wife of the Lord Lovel and the whole inheritance which was large was afterwards confiscated for High Treason 18 By attainder of Loved it fell into the hands of King Henry 7. In this north part nothing else occurs worth mentioning unless it be a small Nunnery founded by Roifia de Verdon and call'd Grace-dieu 19 Now belonging to a younger house of the Beaumonts that is God's grace and not far from thence by the stream of Trent Dunnington Dunnington an ancient Castle built by the first Earls of Leicester which afterwards came to John Lacy Earl of Lincoln who procur'd it the privilege of a Market and Fairs from Edw. 1. But when in the proscription of the Barons under Ed. 2. the possessions of the proscribed were sequester'd and alienated the King gave this manour to Hugh le Despenser the younger 20 The hereditaments of Thomas Earl of Lancaster and Alice Lacy his wife were seiz'd into the King's hands and alienated in divers sorts the King enforc'd her to release this manour to Hugh le Dispenser the younger h The east part of this County which is hilly and feedeth a vast number of sheep was heretofore adorned with two principal places of great note Vernometum or Verometum mention'd by Antoninus and Burton-Lazers of great account in former ages Vernometum Vernometum â—â—â—rometâ—â— the name whereof is lost at this day seems to me to have been situated in that place which is now call'd Burrow-hill and Erdburrow for between Verometum and Ratae according to Antoninus were twelve miles and there is almost so much between this place and Leicester The present name also of Burrows which signify'd among the Saxons a fortify'd place comes from Burgh 21 And under it a town call'd Burrough belonging to an old family of Gentlemen so sirnam'd But the most considerable proof is that the ground is a steep hill on all sides but the south-east on the top of which remains the manifest appearance of a town destroy'd a double trench and the track where the walls went which enclosed about 18 acres of land At this day it is * Resâ—â—â— arable ground and noted on this account chiefly that the youth of the neighbouring parts meet here yearly for wrestling and such like exercises i One may conjecture from the name that some great Temple of the Heathen Gods hath formerly stood in this place For in the ancient Language of the Gauls which was the same with that of the Britains Vernometum Vernometum what it signâ—â—â—s in the oâ—d Gâ—ulish signifies a great and spacious Temple as Venantius Fortunatus plainly tells us of Vernometum a town in France in these verses in his first book of Poems Nomine Vernometum voluit vocitare vetustas Quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua sonat The Gauls when Vernomet they call'd the place Did a great Temple by the word express As for Burton call'd for distinction Lazers Burton-lazers from Lazers so they nam'd the Elephantiaci or Lepers it was a rich Hospital to the Master of which all the lesser Lazer-houses in England were in some sort subject as he himself was to the Master of the Lazers of Jerusalem r It was founded about the time of K. Hen. 1. and as Leland saith Tom. 1. p. 69. by the Lord Mowbray for a Master and 8 brethren which did profess the Order of St. Austin See Burton's Leicestersh p. 63. It is said to have been built in the beginning of the Normans by a general collection throughout England but chiefly by the assistance of the Mowbrays About which time the Leprosie Leprosie in England by some call'd Elephantiasis 22 Because the skins of Lepers are like to those of Elephants did run by infection over all England And it is believ'd that the disease did then first come into this Island out of Egypt which more than once had spread it self into Europe first in the days of Pompey the Great afterwards under Heraclius and at other times as may be seen in History 23 Whether by celestial influence or other hidden causes I leave to the learned but never so far as I read did it before that time appear in England Besides these places of greater note and fame we
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
College here A little higher upon Watlingstreet for so this Military way of the Romans is vulgarly call'd where there is a bridge of stone over the river Anker Manduessedum Manduessedum is seated a town of very great antiquity mention'd by Antoninus which having not yet altogether lost its name is call'd Mancester Mancester and in Ninnius's Catalogue Caer Mancegued Which name since a quarry of free-stone lies near it 't is probable was given it from the stone there digg'd and hew'd For in the Glossaries of the British tongue we learn that Main signifies a stone and Fosswad in the Provincial language digging which being joyn'd together seem aptly enough to express the name Manduessedum u But how great or of what note soever it was in those times 't is now a poor little village containing not above fourteen small houses and hath no other monument of Antiquity to shew but an old Fort which they call Old-bury i.e. an old Burrough w Atherston on the one side a well-frequented market where the Church of the 14 Augustine Friers Friers was converted into a Chapel which nevertheless acknowledges that of Mancester to be the Mother Church and Nonn-eaton on the other side have by their nearness reduc'd Mancester to what you see it Neighbour to Atherston is Meri-val Merival i.e. Merry-vale where Robert de Ferrers built and dedicated a Monastery to God and the blessed Virgin in which his body wrapp'd up in an Ox-hide lies interr'd Beyond these Northward lies Pollesworth Pollesworth where Modwena an Irish virgin fam'd for her wonderful piety built a Nunnery which Robert Marmion a Nobleman who had his castle in the neighbourhood at Stippershull repair'd x Hard by also in the Saxon times flourish'd a town of which there appear now but very small remains call'd Secandunum at this time Seckinton Seckinton where Aethelbald King of the Mercians in a civil war was assassinated by Bcornred Chron. Sax. Beared in the year 749 but in a little time he was cut off by King Offa by the same means falling from the throne by which he had impiously got it y To close the whole I must now give you a Catalogue of the Earls of Warwick Earls of Warwick And to pass over Guar Morindus Guy that Echo of England and many more of that stamp which the fruitful wits of those times brought forth at one birth Henry son of Roger de Bellomonte brother of Robert Earl of Mellent was the first Earl of the Norman race who marry'd Margaret daughter of Aernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch a person of mighty power and authority Of this family there were who bore that honour Roger son of Henry William son of Roger who dy'd in the 30th of King Henry the second Walleran his brother Henry son of Walleranâ— Thomas his son who dy'd without issue in the 26th of Henry the third and his sister Margery surviving was Countess of Warwick and dy'd childless Her two husbands nevertheless first John Mareschal Plaâ—â—â—3 Rot â—34 then John de Plessets in right of their wife and by the favour of their Prince were rais'd to the honour of Earls of Warwick But these dying without any issue by Margery Walleran Margery's uncle by the father succeeded in the honour and he dying without issue Alice his sister came to the Inheritance Afterwards William her son call'd Male-doctus Malduit and Manduit de Hanslap who dy'd also without issue But Isabel his sister being marry'd to William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp Baron of Elmesly carry'd the Earldom into the family of the Beauchamps Who if I am not mistaken because they were descended from a daughter of Ursus de Abtot gave the Bear for their Cognisance and left it to their posterity Of this family there were six Earls and one Duke William the son of Isabel John Guy Thomas Thomas the younger Richard and lastly Henry to whom King Henry the sixth made a Grant without precedent That he should be primier Earl of all England and use this title Henry primier Earl of all England and Earl of Warwick Rot. Parâ— 23 Hen. â— He made him also King of the Isle of Wight afterwards created him Duke of Warwick and by the express words of his Patent granted that he should have place in Parliament and elsewhere next to the Duke of Norfolk and before the Duke of Buckingham He had but one daughter Anne 24 Hâ— who in the Inquisitions was stil'd Countess of Warwick and dy'd in her Infancy She was succeeded by Richard Nevill who had marry'd the daughter of the said Duke of Warwick a person of an invincible spirit but changeable and fickle in his Allegiance the very sport and tennis-ball of fortune Who altho' no King himself was yet superiour to Kings as being the person who depos'd Henry the sixth a most bountiful Prince to him and set up Edward the fourth in his place Afterwards he un-king'd him again re-establisht Henry the sixth in the Throne and involv'd the kingdom in the flames of a civil war which were not extinguisht but with his own blood 15 After his death Anne his wife by Act of Parliament was excluded and debarred from all her lands for ever and his two daughters heirs to him and heirs apparent to their mother being married to George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester were enabled to enjoy all the said lands in such wise as if the said Anne their mother were naturally dead Whereupon the name stile and title of Earl of Warwick and Sarisbury was granted to George Duke of Clarence who soon after was unnaturally dispatch'd by a sweet death in a Butt of Malvesey by his suspicious brother King Edw. 4. His young son Edward was stil'd Earl of Warwick and being but a very child was beheaded by King Henry 7. to secure himself and his posterity The death of this Edward our Ancestors accounted to be the full period and final end of the long lasting war between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York Wherein as they reckon'd from the 28th year of Henry 6. unto this being the 15th of Henry 7. there were 13 fields fought 3 Kings of England 1 Prince of Wales 12 Dukes 1 Marquis 18 Earls with one Vicount and 23 Barons besides Knights and Gentlemen lost their lives Edward son of one of his daughters by George Duke of Clarence succeeded whom Henry the seventh for neither youth nor innocence could protect him to secure himself and the line put to death The title of this Earldom which was become formidable to Henry the eighth by the great troubles Richard Nevil that scourge of Kings had created lay dormant till Edward the sixth gave it to John Dudley deriving a title from the Beauchamps He as the before mention'd Richard endeavouring to subvert the Government under Queen Mary had his boundless ambition punisht with the loss of his head But his sons first John whilst his father was
makes it reasonable enough to suppose that these two might be stations for the reception of the Armies in their march Upon the east side of the road between Streethey and Burton stands Eddingal Eddinghall where is a rais'd way pointing towards Lullington in Derbyshire which Dr. Plot is of opinion might probably be one of the Roman Viae vicinales or by-roads which they had beside their great high-ways for the convenience of going between town and town p More to the West is Blithfield Blithfield the seat of the Bagotts as Mr. Camden tells us It came into this family by the marriage of the daughter and heir of Blithfield in the reign of Edward the second Before which time they were seated at the neighbouring village of Bagotts-Bromley From this family were also descended the ancient Barons of Stafford afterwards Dukes of Buckingham Farther Northward and not far from Checkley by a small brook call'd Peak are the stately ruins of Croxden-Abbey Croxden-Abbey formerly a Monastery of Cistercian Monks founded by Theobald de Verdon a Norman Baron about the time of Henry the second Continuation of the LORDS After Edward Stafford last Duke of Buckingham of that name there were three of that family who enjoy'd the title of Lords Stafford Henry Edward and another Henry the daughter of the last being marry'd to William Howard son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey King Charles the first created this her husband Nov. 1640. Viscount and Lord Stafford More rare Plants growing wild in Staffordshire The mountainous part of this Country called the Moorelands produceth the same plants with the Peak Country of Derbyshire The more depressed and level parts with Warwickshire At a village called Worton in this County about two miles distant from Newport in Shropshire grow in plenty the Abies Ger. Park faemina sive 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 J. B. The female or Yew-leav'd Firr-tree which whether they were native of this place or anciently planted here is some question That they were natives Dr. Plot gathers not only from their disorderly natural situation and excessive height to which planted trees seldom arrive but chiefly from the stools or stumps of many trees which he suspects to have been Firrs found near them in their natural position in the bottoms of Mosses and Pools particularly of Shebben-pool some of the bodies whereof are daily dug up at Laynton and in the old Pewet-pool in the same parish where these now grow Sorbus Pyriformis D. Pitt The Pear-like Service I have already declared my opinion that this is no other than the common Service-tree Dr. Plot tells us that it grows in the Moorelands at many places Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park fructu in umbella viridi C. B. acinis albis J. B. White-berried Elder In the hedges near the village of Combridge plentifully Dr. Plot hist nat Staff Tripolium minus vulgare The lesser Sea-star-wort Said to grow in the grounds of Mr. Chetwynd of Ingstree within two miles of Stafford in a place call'd the Marsh near the place where the brine of it self breaks out above ground frets away the grass and makes a plash of Salt-water Dr. Plot. hist nat Staff SHROPSHIRE SHROPSHIRE By Robert Morden Lower upon the river Temd we see Burford Burford which from Theodorick Say's posterity descended to Robert de Mortimer and from his heirs to 4 Sir Jeffrey Jeffrey de Cornubia or Cornwaile Cornwaile of the lineage of Richard Earl of Cornwall and King of the Alemans whose heirs even to our days have bore the honourable title of Barons but were not such Barons as might sit in Parliament Burford is held of the King Inq. 40 E. 3. to find five men towards the Army of Wales and by the service of a Barony as appears by the Inquisition But observe by the way those who held an entire Barony were formerly reputed Barons and some Sages of the Common Law will have Baron and Barony to have been Conjugates Baron and Barony conjugates like Earl and Earldom Duke and Dukedom King and Kingdom Temd here leaves Shropshire and by its Northern Banks arise some hills of no difficult ascent call'd Clee-hill Clee-hill famous for producing the best Barley and not without some veins of Iron c at the bottom of which in a little village call'd Cleybury Hugh de Mortimer built a castle which immediately King Henry the second so entirely demolish'd finding it a Nursery of Rebellion that scarce any remains of it are visible at this day and Kinlet a seat of the Blunts Blunt signifies yellow hair in the Norman tongue a name very famous in these parts denoting their golden locks This is a very ancient and honourable family and hath spread its branches far Then we see Brugmorfe Bridgemorfe commonly call'd Bridgnorth on the right hand bank of the Severn so call'd of Burgh and Morfe a Forest that adjoyns to it before call'd Burgh only a town enclos'd and fortified with walls a ditch a castle and the river Severn which with a very steep fall flows in amongst the rocks It stands secure upon a rock through which the ways that lead into the upper part of the town were cut 'T was first built by Edelfleda Domina Merciorum Lady of the Mercians and wall'd round by Robert de f His right name is Belesme for so the ancient Saxon Annals call him Belism Earl of Shrewsbury who relying upon the strength of the place revolted from Henry the first as likewise did Roger de Mortimer from Henry the second but both with ill success for they were forc'd to surrender and so were quieted At the siege of this castle as our Chronicles say King Henry the second had like to have lost his life by an arrow which being shot at him was intercepted by a truly gallant man and lover of his King 5 Sir Hubert Syncler Hubert de Saint-Clere who sav'd the King's life by being accessary to his own death At this place formerly 6 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford behav'd himself so gallantly that King Henry the first gave him the little 7 Burgh Brug near it to hold by the service of finding dry wood for the great chamber of the castle of 7 Burgh Brug against the coming of his Soveraign Lord the King d Willeley is not far off the ancient seat of 8 Sir Warner the Warners of Willeley Willey or Willeley from whose posterity by the Harleys and Peshall it came to the famous family of the Lacons Lacon much advanc'd by intermarriage with the heir of Passelew and lately improv'd by the possessions of Sir J. Blunt of Kinlet Kt. Other castles and towns lye scattering hereabouts as New castle Hopton castle Shipton and Corvesham upon the river Corve the gift of K. Hen. 2. Lib. Inq. to Walter de Clifford Brancroft and Holgot commonly call'd Howgate which formerly belong'd to the Mandutes then
we Wreckceter and Wroxceter Wroxceâ— It was the Metropolis of the Cornavii and built probably by the Romans when they fortify'd the bank of the Severn which is only here fordable and not any where lower towards the mouth of it but this being shatter'd by the Saxon war was quite destroy'd in that of the Danes and is now a very little village inhabited only by country-people who frequently plow up ancient coins that bear witness of it's antiquity Here is nothing to be seen of it but a very few reliques of broken walls call'd by the people m This stands near the midst of the city being about 20 foot high and 100 in length The old works of Wroxceter which were built of hewn stone and laid in ‖ Septeâ—plici Britâ—nicarum dine seven rows 15 In equal distance arch'd within after the fashion of the Britains That where these are was formerly a castle is probable from the unevenness of the ground heaps of earth and here and there the rubbish of walls The plot where this city stood which is no small spot of ground is a blacker earth than the rest and yields the largest crops of the best barley g Below this city went that Roman military high-way call'd Watlingstreet either thro' a ford or over a bridge to the Strattons Stratton before mention'd which name imports they were Towns seated by the high-way the foundation of which bridge was lately discover'd a little above in setting a Wear for so they call a fishing damme in the river but now there is no track of the Way h This ancient name of Viroconium is more manifestly retain'd by a neighbouring mountain call'd Wreken-hill Wrekenhâ— by some Gilbert's-hill which gradually falls into a pleasant level and yields an entertaining prospect of the plains about it n It stands about a mile from Wroxeter and is the highest ground of all the Country thereabout Leland's Itin. This hill shoots it self out pretty far in length is well set with trees and under it where Severn visits it with it's streams at Buldewas commonly call'd Bildas Bildas was formerly a noted Monastery the burying-place of the Burnels a famous family and Patrons of it Above it is a Lodge call'd Watling-street from it's situation upon the publick Street or military high-way and hard by are the reliques of Dalaley-castle â—alaley which upon the banishment of Richard Earl of Arundel King Rich. 2. by Act of Parliament did annex to the Principality of Chester which he had erected Not far from the foot of this hill in the depth of the valley by that Roman military high-way is Okenyate â—kenyate a small village of some note for the pit-coal which by reason of it's low situation and that distance which Antoninus says Us-ocona is both from Uriconium and Pennocrucium undoubtedly must be the same with o Written also according to the variety of Copies Usoccona and Uxacona Burton's Itinerar Us-ocona â—s-ocona Nor does the name make against the conjecture for it is compounded of the word Ys which in Welsh signifies Low and seems to be added to express its lowly situation On the other side under this hill appears Charleton-castle anciently belonging to the Charletons â—harleton Lords of Powis and more eastward towards Staffordshire is Tong-castle 〈◊〉 formerly Toang repair'd not long since by the Vernons as likewise was the College within the town which the Penbriges as I have read first founded The inhabitants boast of nothing more than a great bell famous in those parts for its bigness Hard by stands Albrighton which in the reign of King Edward 1. was the seat of 16 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford â—ichford but now belongs to the Talbots who are descended from the Earls of Shrewsbury 17 But above Tong was Lilleshul-Abbey in a wood-land Country founded by the family of Beaumeis whose heir was marry'd into the house of De la Zouch But seeing there is little left but ruins I will leave it and proceed On the other side of the river Tern lies Draiton â—raiton upon the very banks of it where during the Civil wars between the houses of Lancaster and York was a battel fought very fatal to the Gentry of Cheshire for tho' Victory neither turn'd her balance on the one side or the other yet they being divided and adhering to both parties were cut off in great numbers Lower down and pretty near the Tern lies Hodnet formerly inhabited by Gentlemen of that name from whom by the Ludlows it hereditarily fell to the Vernons 〈◊〉 Ed. 2. It was formerly held of the Honour of Montgomery by the service of being Steward of that Honour The Tern after that passing by some small villages is joyn'd by a rivulet call'd Rodan and after it has run a few miles farther near Uriconium before spoken of it falls into the Severn Not far from the head of this river Rodan stands Wem â—em where may be seen the p There is nothing now to be seen but the bank upon which it stood marks of an intended castle It was the Barony of William Pantulph about the beginning of the Norman times from whose posterity it came at length to the Butlers and from them by the Ferrers of Ouseley and the Barons of Greystock to the Barons Dacre of Gillesland q The tile of this Barony was given by K. James 2. to Sir George Jeffreys Lord Chancellour of England and is now descended to his son to whom the manour and Royalty of it do belong A little distant from this upon a woody hill or rather rock which was anciently call'd Rad-cliff stood a castle upon a very high ground call'd from the reddish stone Red-castle â—ed-castle and by the Normans Castle Rous heretofore the seat of the Audleys by the bounty of Mawd the Stranger or Le-strange but now there is nothing to be seen but decayed walls 18 Which yet make a fair shew Hol. But at present they make none some small tokens of it only remaining Scarce a mile off is a spot of ground where a small city once stood the very ruins of which are almost extinct but the Roman Coyns that are found there with such bricks as they us'd in building are evidence of its Antiquity and Founders The people of the neighbourhood call it Bery from Burgh and they affirm it to have been very famous in King Arthur's days 19 As the common sort ascribe whatsoever is ancient and strange to King Arthur's glory After that upon the same river appears Morton-Corbet 20 Anciently an house of the family of Turet â—orton-â—orbet â—astle a castle of the Corbets where within the memory of man Robert Corbet to gratifie the fancy he had for Architecture began a noble piece of building 21 In a barren place after the Italian model for his future magnificent and more splendid habitation but death countermanding his
hand-habend i.e. having his hand in or being in the very act of stealing or back-berond i.e. having the thing stoln either upon his back or somewhere about him without giving any probable account how he came by it or lastly confesson'd owning that he stole the thing for which he was accused The cause therefore must be only theft and that manner of theft only which is call'd furtum manifestum grounded upon some of the foresaid evidences The value of the thing stoln must likewise amount to above 13 d. ob for if the value was found only so much and no more by this Custom he should not dye for it He was first brought before the Bailiff of Halifax who presently summon'd the Frithborgers within the several Towns of the Forest and being found guilty within a week was brought to the Scaffold The Ax was drawn up by a pulley and fasten'd with a pin to the side of the Scaffold If it was an horse an ox or any other creature that was stoln it was brought along with him to the place of execution and fasten'd to the cord by a pin that stay'd the block So that when the time of execution came which was known by the Jurors holding up one of their hands the Bailiff or his Servant whipping the beast the pin was pluckt out and execution done But if it was not done by a beast then the Bailiff or his Servant cut the rope But the manner of execution will be better apprehended by the following draught of it Printed for â— Sold By F Bentley in Halifax A A. The Scaffold B. The piece of wood wherein the Axe is fix'd C. The Axe D. The Pulley by which the Axe is drawn up E. The Malefactor who lyes to be beheaded F. The pin to which the Rope is ty'd that draws up the Axe o On the other side of the Calder is Cambodunum Cambodunum which probably was built most of wood there being no manner of appearance of stone or brick The fire that burnt it down seems to have been exceeding vehement from the cinders which are strangely solder'd together One lump was found of above 2 foot every way the earth being melted rather than burnt But Mr. Camden's guess at a burning there from the blackness of the stones in the buildings is groundless for the edges of them are so in the Quarry which is half a mile off and so deep that for fire to reach them there is impossible p Next the Calder goes to Wakefield Wakefield where by the noble charity of the pious Lady Campden is a weekly Lecture endow'd with fourscore pounds per An. The other for she left three thousand pounds to Trustees for the founding two Lectures in the north of England is at Grantham Upon the light hand of the high-way leading from Wakefield to Sandal there is a small square plot of ground hedg'd in from a Close within which before the war between K. Charles and the Parliament there stood a Cross of stone where Richard Duke of York was slain The owners are oblig'd by the tenure of the land to hedge it in from the Close The carved work of stone upon the Chapel built by King Edward 4. on the bridge hath been very beautiful but is now much defac'd The whole structure is artificially wrought about ten yards long and six broad Dâ—â—tâ—n At some distance from hence is Darton of the Beaumonts of which Mr. George Beaumont a Merchant left 500 l. for the founding a Free-school in this place of his nativity as much to poor Ministers 150 l. to the poor of London 50 l. to York 30 l. to Hull with a considerable estate amongst his relations Farther from the Calder lyes Burton-grange Burtâ—â—-grangâ— where the no less religious than honourable Lady Mary Talbot second daughter and coheir of Henry Talbot fourth son of the illustrious George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury erected an Hospital for six poor widows each of which have 40 s. and a Gown every year She built also and endow'd two other Hospitals in other Counties during her life and at her death An. 1675. left 40 l. per An. for 99 years to be put to such like uses More to the south is Stainbrough Stainbrough where Henry Edmunds Esq has generously built a good house for the Minister and Mr. Walker late Master of University-College has annex'd a Library to the school Two miles from Howley is Drighlington D ighliton memorable only for the nativity of Dr. James Margetson late Archbishop of Armagh who founded here a school and endow'd it with 60 l. per An. q The river Are our next guide runs to Skipton Skiptâ—n where lye interr'd several of the Cliffords particularly George third Earl of Cumberland honour'd with the Garter by Queen Elizabeth and famous for his sea-services performing * Inscâ—â—pâ—â—on in Sâ—â—â—ton Caâ—â—â— nine Voyages in his own person most of them to the West-Indies being the best born Englishman that ever hazarded himself in that kind He died 30 Oct. 1605. leaving one only daughter Anne Countess of Pembroke Dorset and Montgomery an eminent benefactor born 30 Jan. 1589 90. at Skipton-Castle in Yorkshire wherein I am the more particular because Dr. Fuller in his Worthies Com. West p. 140. out of a mistake says 't was in Hertfordshire She built from the ground or considerably repair'd six ancient Castles one of which Brough had lain 140 years desolate after the fire had consum'd it An. 1520. Another See the â—â—ditioâ—â— Wâ—stmâ—land Pendragon-castle of which our Author tells us nothing remain'd in his time but the bare name and an heap of stones 320 years after the invading Scots under their King David had wasted it An. 1341. She built also seven Chapels or Churches with two stately Hospitals richly endow'd and died 22 March A. D. 1675. This Country Craven hath given the title of Earl to William Craven Baron of Hampsted Marshal created Earl of Craven Mari 16. An. 16 Car. 2. From hence the Are passeth by Thornton the seat of Richard Thornton Esq to Rawdon Rawdon famous for Sir George Rawdon a most accomplish'd person who with 200 or fewer British most valiantly repulsed Sir Philim o Neile at the head of an army of about 7000 rebels assaulting Lisnegarvy now Lisburn in Ireland in that grand massacre 1641. wherein thousands of Protestants were most cruelly murder'd There now resideth Henry son of Francis Layton Esquire who in pursuance of his said father's will has built there and endow'd with 20 l. per an a Chapel which was consecrated by Archbishop Dolben 4 May 1684. r Upon the same river is Leeds Leeds possibly from the Saxon Leod gens natio implying it to have been very populous in the Saxon times which town and parish King Charles 1. by Letters Patents 13 July second of his reign incorporated under the government of one chief Alderman nine Burgesses and twenty Assistants Sir John Savil afterwards Lord
were drowns the lesser and the King of England and Duke of Normandy at that time was the self same person But where am I thus roving After Arthur there succeeded in the Earldom of Richmond Guy Vicount of Thovars second husband of Constantia aforesaid Ranulph the third Earl of Chester third husband to the said Constantia Peter de Dreux descended from the Blood-royal of France who married Alice the only daughter of Constantia by her husband Guy Thovars 7 Then upon dislike of the house of Britain Peter of Savoy c. Peter of Savoy Uncle of Eleanor Consort to King Henry the third who fearing the Nobility and Commons of England that grumbled at that time against foreigners voluntarily renounced this honour John Earl of Britain son of Peter de Dreux John the first Duke of Britain and his son who married Beatrice daughter to Henry the third King of England He had issue Arthur Duke of Britain who according to some Writers was also Earl of Richmond For certain Robert de Arthâ—is wâ— not Earl oâ— Richmâ—â—d as Frâ—â—sardus has â— but of â—â—lomorâ— Lib. Feâ—d Richmâ—â—diae John his younger brother presently after the death of his father enjoy'd this honour who added to the ancient Arms of Dreux with the Canton of Britain the Lions of England in bordure He was ‖ Custoâ— Governour of Scotland under Edward the second where he was kept prisoner three years and at last dy'd without children in the reign of Edward the third and John Duke of Britain his Nephew the son of Arthur succeeded in this Earldom He dying without issue at a time when this Dutchy of Britain was hotly * Between John de Montâ—foâ—â— and Jâ— Clauâ— wife of Charles of Blâ—is contended for 8 Between John Earl of Monfort of the half-blood and Joan his brother's daughter and heir of the whole blood married to Charles of Blâ—ys Edward the 3d to advance his interest in France gave to John Earl of Montford who had sworn fealty to him for the Dutchy of Britain all this Earldom till such time as he should recover his Lands in France he seeming preferable to the daughter of his brother deceas'd 9 To whom the Parliament of France had adjudg'd it both as he was a man as he was nearer ally'd and as he had a better title His lands being at length regain'd by means of the English the same King gave it to John of Gaunt his son who at last restor'd it to the King his father for other Lands in exchange The King forthwith created John Earl of Montford the second Duke of Britain sirnam'd the Valiant to whom he had married his daughter Earl of Richmond that he might oblige him by stronger ties being a warlike man and a bitter enemy to the French Yet by an Act of Parliament in the 14th of King Richard the second he was deprived of this Earldom for adhering to the French against the English However he retain'd the title and left it to his posterity The Earldom it self was given by the King to Joan of Britain his sister widow of Ralph Basset of Draiton After her death first Ralph Nevil Earl of Westmorland by the bounty of Henry the 4th had the Castle and County of Richmond for term of Life and then John Duke of Bedford Afterwards Henry the sixth conferr'd the title of Earl of Richmond upon Edmund de Hadham his brother by the mother's side with this peculiar privilege That he should take place in Parliament next the Dukes To him succeeded Henry his son afterwards King of England by the name of Henry the seventh But whilst he was in exile George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester had this County bestow'd upon them by King Edward the fourth their brother Last of all Henry natural son to Henry the eight was by his father invested Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond but in the year of our Lord 1535. he dy'd without issue 10 As for Sir Thomas Grey who was made Baron of Richmond by King Henry the sixth he was not Lord of this Richmond but of a place in Bedfordshire call'd Rugemound and Richmount Greies There are reckon'd in this County 104 great Parishes besides Chapels of Ease ADDITIONS to the North-Riding and Richmondshire a IN the North-riding the first place our Author speaks of is Scarborough â—â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh which drives a great trade with fish taken in the Sea thereabout wherewith they supply the City of York tho' thirty miles distant Besides Herings which he takes notice of they have Ling Cod-fish Haddock Hake Whiting Makrel with several other sorts in great plenty On the North-east it is fortified with a high and inaccessible rock stretcht out a good way into the Sea and containing at the top about eighteen or twenty acres of good Meadow and not near sixty as Mr. Camden has told us out of Newbrigensis Whether the difference lye in the several measures of Acres or the greater part of it be washt away by the Sea or lastly may have been caus'd through an error of that Historian I shall not dispute since the matter of fact is plain Wittie's â—â—â—ription â—carboâ—â—â—gh â— The Spaw-well is a quick Spring about a quarter of a mile South from the Town at the foot of an exceeding high cliff arising upright out of the Earth like a boyling pot near the level of the Spring-tides with which it is often overflown It is of that sort of Springs which Aristotle calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the most droughty years are never dry In an hour it affords above 24. gallons of water for the stones through which it flows contain more than 12 gallons and being empty'd every morning will be full within half an hour It 's virtue proceeds from a participation of Vitriol Iron Alum Nitre and Salt to the sight it is very transparent inclining somewhat to a sky-colour it hath a pleasant acid taste from the Vitriol and an inky smell The right honourable Richard Lumley has from this place his title of Earl of Scarborough b Upon the same coast is Whitby â—â—itby not call'd in Saxon Streanes-Heale as our Author has it but Streones HalH as it is in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede and also the best Latin Copies And therefore Mr. Junius in his Gothick Glossary under the word Alh seems to have hit the true original when he fetches it from the Saxon hael hal or healh call'd by Caedmon alh which as our Northern word Hall still in use signifies any eminent building Hence the Pagan God Woden's Valhol or Valhaul so frequently mention'd in the Edda and other old Cimbrian Writers and Crantzius fetches the name of the City of Upsal from the same original c As for the Serpent-stones â—â—â—pent-â—â—â—â—es Mr. Nicholson who has made large observations upon the Natural Rarities of those parts affirms them to be the same with those the Modern Naturalists call Cornua Ammonis Whether
raised Edmund Crouchback his younger son to whom he had given the estate and honours of Simon Montfort Earl of Leicester of Robert Ferrars Earl of Derby and of John of Monmouth for rebelling against him to the Earldom of Lancaster Eaâ—â—â—â— Lancastâ—â— giving it in these words The Honour Earldom Castle and the Town of Lancaster with the Cow-pastures and Forests of Wiresdale Lownsdale Newcastle under Lime with the Manour Forest and a Castle of Pickering the Manour of Scaleby the Village of Gomecestre and the Rents of the Town of Huntendon c. after he had lost the Kingdom of Sicily with which the Pope by a ring invested him to no purpose and what expos'd the English to the publick scoff and laughter of the world he caus'd pieces of gold to be coyn'd with this Inscription AIMUNDUS REX SICILIAE 〈…〉 having first chous'd and cully'd the credulous King out of much money upon that account The said Edmund his first wife dying without issue who was the daughter and heir of the Earl of Albemarle 10 Of William de Fortibus Earl c. yet by her last Will made him her heir had by his second wife Blanch of Artois of the 〈…〉 Royal Family of France Thomas and Henry and John who dy'd very young Thomas was the second Earl of Lancaster who married Alice the only daughter and heir of Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln she convey'd this and her mother's estate who was of the family of the Long Espee's Earls of Salisbury as likewise her father Henry Lacy had done before with his own Lands in case Alice should dye without issue as indeed it afterwards hapen'd over to the family of Lancaster But this Thomas for his Insolence and disrespect to his Prince Edward the second and for imbroiling the State was at last taken prisoner in the field and beheaded having no issue However his Sentence was afterwards revers'd by Act of Parliament because he was not try'd by his Peers and so his brother Henry succeeded him in his estate and honours He was also enrich'd by his wife Maud daughter and sole heir of Patrick Chaworth and that not only with her own but with great estates in Wales namely of Maurice of London and of Siward from whom she was descended He dying left a son Henry 〈…〉 whom Edward the third rais'd from Earl to a Duke and he was the second of our Nobility that bore the title of Duke But he dy'd without issue-male leaving two daughters Mawd and Blanch between whom the Inheritance was divided Mawd was married to William of Bavaria Earl of Holland Zeland Friseland Hanault and of Leicester too in right of his wife But she dying without issue John of Gaunt so call'd because he was born at Gaunt in Flanders fourth son of Edward the third by marriage with Blanch the other daughter of Henry came to the whole estate And now being equal to many Kings in wealth and created Duke of Lancaster by his father he also obtain'd the Royalties of him The King too advanc'd the County of Lancaster into a Palatinate by this Rescript wherein after he has declar'd the great service he had done his Country both at home and abroad he adds We have granted for us and our heirs to our son aforesaid that he during the term of life shall have within the County of Lancaster his Chancery and his Writs to be issued out under his own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor his Justices likewise as well for Pleas of the Crown as for other Pleas relating to Common Law to have cognisance of them and to have power of making all Executions whatsoever by his Writs and Officers And to have all other Liberties and Royalties of what kind soever appertaining to a County Palatine as freely and as fully as the Earl of Chester within the said County is known to have c. Nor was he only Duke of Lancaster but also by marriage with Constantia daughter of Peter King of Castile John of Gaunt K. of Castile for some time bore the title of King of Leon and Castile But by contract he parted with this title and in the 13th of King Richard the second was created by consent of Parliament Duke of Aquitain 11 To have and to hold the same title for term of life of the King of England and Monarch of France but to the general disgust of the inhabitants of the Province of Aquitain who gave it out that their Seigniory was inseparably annext to the Crown of England to the great dissatisfaction of that Country At that time his titles were John son to the King of England Duke of Aquitain and Lancaster Earl of Derby Lincoln and Leicester and high Steward of England After this John Henry de Bullingbroke his son succeeded in the Dutchy of Lancaster 12 Who when he had dispossess'd Richard the second and obtain'd the Kingdom of England he considering that being now King he could not bear the title of Duke of Lancaster and unwilling that the said title should be discontinu'd ordain'd by assent of Parliament that Henry his present son should enjoy the same and be stil'd Prince of Wales Duke of Aquitain Lancaster and Cornwall and Earl of Chester and also that the Liberties and Franchises of the Dutchy of Lancaster should remain to his said son sever'd from the Crown of England who having deposed Richard the second obtain'd the Crown and conferr'd this honour upon Heny his son K. Henr. 4. afterwards King of England And that he might entail it upon him and his heirs for ever he had an Act of Parliament made in these words We being unwilling that our said inheritance or its liberties by reason of our now assuming the Royal state and dignity should be any ways chang'd transferr'd diminish'd or impair'd but that our said inheritance with its rights and liberties aforesaid should in the same manner and form condition and state wherein they descended and fell to us and also with all and singular liberties franchises and other privileges commodities and profits whatsoever which our Lord and Father in his life time had and held it withal for term of his life by the grant of the late King Richard be wholly and fully preserv'd continu'd and enjoy'd by us and our heirs specified in the said Charters And by the tenure of these presents we do upon our certain knowledge and with the consent of this our present Parliament grant declare decree and ordain for us and our heirs that as well our Dutchy of Lancaster as all and singular Counties Honours Castles Manours Fees Advowsons Possessions Annuities and Seigniories whatsoever descended to us before the Royal Dignity was obtain'd by us how or in what place soever by right of inheritance in possession or in reversion or other way remain to us and our said heirs specified in the Charters abovesaid after the said manner for ever Afterwards King Henry the fifth by Act
and all along the rivulet that runs by the Well for a mile or more This never degenerates into the common Roman or French Sorrel Persicaria siliquosa Ger. Noli me tangere J. B. Mercurialis sylvestris Noli me tangere dicta sive Persicaria siliquosa Park Balsamine lutea sive Noli me tangere C. B. Codded Arsmart Quick in hand Touch me not I observ'd it growing plentifully on the banks of Winander-mere near Ambleside and in many other places Rubia erecta quadrifolia J. B. Cross-wort-madder Near Orton Winander-mere and elsewhere in this County plentifully Salix folio laureo sive lato glabro odorato P. B. Bay-leav'd sweet Willow Frequent by the river-sides in the meadows among the Mountains Tormentilla argentea Park Alpina folio sericeo C. B. Pentaphyllum seu potiùs Heptaphyllum argenteum flore muscoso J. B. Pentaphyllum petrosum Heptaphyllum Clusii Ger. Vera genuina Alchymillae species est Cinquefoil Ladies-mantle On the rocks by the side of the Lake call'd Huls-water or as some write it Ulles-water To these I might add Lunaria minor ramosa Lunaria minor foliis dissectis That is branched Moon-wort and cut-leav'd Moon-wort both observ'd by Mr. Lawson at great Strickland though they be I suppose but accidental varieties Vitis Idaea magna sive Myrtillus grandis J. B. The great Billberry Bush In the forest of Whinfield Mr. Lawson CVMBERLAND BEfore Westmoreland to the West is stretched out Cumberland in Latin Cumbria the farthest County in this part of England as bounding upon Scotland to the North encompass'd by the Irish-sea on the South and West and on the East above Westmoreland bordering upon Northumberland The name it had from the Inhabitants who were the true and genuine Britains and call'd themselves in their own language Kumbri and Kambri For that the Britains in the heat of the Saxon wars posted themselves here for a long time we have the authority of our Histories and of Marianus himself who calls this County Cumbrorum terra i.e. the Land of the Cumbri Not to mention the many names of places purely British such are Caer-luel Caer-dronoc Pen-rith Pen-rodoc c. which are a plain evidence of the thing and a pregnant proof of my assertion a The Country tho' the Northern situation renders it cold and the Mountains rough and uneven has yet a variety which yields a prospect very agreeable 1 And givâ—th contenâ—ment to as many as travel it For after * Verrucosas swelling rocks and the crowding mountains big as it were with Metals between which are Lakes stor'd with all sorts of wild Fowl you come to rich hills cloath'd with flocks of sheep and below them are spread out pleasant large plains which are tolerably fruitful The Ocean also which beats upon this shore affords great plenty of the best fish and as it were upbraids the Inhabitants with their idleness in not applying themselves closer to the fishing trade The South part of this County is call'd Copeland Copeland and Coupland because it rears up its head with sharp mountains call'd by the Britains Kopa or as others will have it Copeland as if one should say Copperland from the rich veins of Copper In this part at the sandy mouth of the river Duden by which it is divided from Lancashire is Millum Millum-Castle a Castle of the ancient family of the Hodlestons b From whence the shore wheeling to the North comes to Ravenglas Ravengâ—as a harbour for ships and commodiously surrounded with two rivers where as I have been told were found Roman Inscriptions Some will have it formerly call'd Aven-glas as if one should say an †Caertâ—â—â— azure sky-colour'd river and tell you abundance of stories about one King Eveling who had his Palace here The one of these rivers Esk rises at the foot of Hard-knott Hard-kâ—â—t a steep ragged mountain on the top whereof were lately dug up huge stones and the foundation of a Castle not without great admiration considering the mountain is so steep that one can hardly get up it c Higher up the little brook Irt Irt â—â—er runs into the Sea wherein the shell-fish gaping and eagerly sucking in its dewy streams conceive and bring forth Pearls or to use the Poet's name Shell-berries d Pearls See Pliny These the Inhabitants gather up at low water and the Jewellers buy them of the poor people for a trifle but sell them at a good price Of these and such like Marbodaeus seems to speak in that verse of his Gignit insignes antiqua Britannia baccas And Britain 's ancient shores great Pearls produce CUMBERLAND By Robert Morden From hence the shore runs by little and little to the westward and makes a small Promontory commonly call'd S. Bees Bees instead of S. Bega For Bega a pious and religious Irish Virgin led a solitary life there and to her sanctity they ascribe the Miracles of taming a Bull and of a deep Snow that by her Prayers fell on Midsummer-day and cover'd the valleys and tops of mountains e Scarce a mile from hence is Egremont-Castle â—â—emont-â—â—stae upon a hill formerly the seat of William de Meschines upon whom King Henry the first bestow'd it â—rds of â—â—eland 〈…〉 to hold by one Knight's Service who should be ready upon the King's Summons to serve in the wars of Wales and Scotland He left a daughter the wife of William Fitz-Duncan of the Blood-Royal of Scotland by whose daughter also the estate came to the family of the Lucies and from them by the Moltons and Fitz-Walters the title of Egremont descended to the Radcliffs Earls of Sussex Notwithstanding 2 Sir Thomas Th. Percy by the favour of King Henry the sixth enjoy'd that title for some time and was summon'd to Parliament by the name of Thomas Percy of Egremont 〈…〉 From S. Bees the Shore draws it self in by little and little and as appears by the ruins has been fortify'd by the Romans in all such places as were convenient for landing For this was the utmost bound of the Roman Empire and the Scots when like some deluge out of Ireland they pour'd in upon our Island met with the greatest opposition upon this coast 'T is very probable that the little village Moresby 〈◊〉 where is now a harbour for ships was one of these Forts There are many remains of Antiquity about it in the Vaults and Foundations of Buildings several Caverns which they call Picts-holes several pieces of stones dug up with Inscriptions Upon one of them is LVCIVS SEVERINVS ORDINATVS Upon another COH VII And I saw this Altar lately dug up there with a horned little image of Silvanus â—e God â—â—us â—cond â—rt of â—gâ—nes â— the â—aâ—d â— Pomâ— M Saâ—â— DEO SILVAN COH I I. LING CVI PRAEES G. POMPEIVS M SATVRNIN As also this fragment which was copy'd out and sent me by Mr. J. Fletcher Lord of the Place OB PROSPE RITATEM
was in times past exceeding strong Which being surprized by the English while King James 2. of Scotland was besieging it he was untimely slain in the flower of his youth by a piece of Cannon that casually burst He was a Prince much missed and lamented by his Subjects Notwithstanding this the Castle was surrender'd and being mostly demolished is now scarce to be seen But the adjacent Territory called from it the Sheriffdom of Roxborough â—â—â—â—â—ffâ—â—â—e of â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh â—â—â—editaâ—â—â—heriffs hath an hereditary Sheriff of the family of Douglass who is usually called the Sheriff of Teviotdale And now f It is now an Earldom belonging to the same Family Roxborough by the favour of King James 6. is also a Barony in the person of Robert Kerr Kerr of the house of the Kerrs a very noble and numerous family in this tract from which are descended the Fernhersts and others who being educated in the school of Arms have render'd themselves very illustrious Twede Twedale aforesaid runs through the middle of a Valley or Dale that takes its name from it abounding in sheep whose wool is very valuable This is certainly a Noble River which having its source amongst the hills more inwardly Westward and running as it were with a streight Channel by Drimlar-Castle by Peeblis Peeblis a Market-Town * See more in the Additions which hath for its Sheriff Baron Zester as also g This town is a burgh-Royal has a weekly market and several â—airs is the head burgh of the shire and the seat of the Sheriff and Commissary-Courts Selkirk Selkirk †See more in the Additions hard by which hath one out of the family of Murray of Fallo-hill it receives the little River Lauder upon which appears h Here the late Duke of Lauderdale has built a well-contriv'd handsom Church consisting of four Isles with a large Steeple rising in the middâ—e Lauder together with Thirlestan Here Sir John Maitland not long since Chancellor of Scotland for his singular prudence created by K. James the 6. Baron of Thirlestan Baron of Thirlestan hath a very beautiful seat i The said Duke has adorned it with avenues pavillions out-Courts and other beauties requir'd to the making of a compleat Seat Then being increased by the accession of the River Teviot beneath Roxburgh it watereth the Sheriffdom of Berwick which is most of it the Estate of the Humes wherein the Head of that Family exerciseth now the Jurisdiction of a Sheriff and then running under Berwick the best fortified Town of Britain whereof I have already spoken with a prodigious plenty of Salmon it emptieth it self into the Sea b MERCHIA MERCH or MERS MErch which is next and so named because it is a March-Countrey lieth wholly upon the German Ocean Here k It was demolished by the English in the late War Hume Castle first presents it self the ancient possession of the Lords of Home or Hume who being descended from the Earls of Merch have spread themselves into a numerous and noble family Of which Alexander Hume who was before Primier Baron of Scotland and Sheriff of Berwick was lately advanced by James King of Great Britain to the Title of Earl of Hume Earl Hume Not far off under this Castle lieth l It is a burgh of Barony and a large beautiful Town Kelso Kelso formerly famous for a Monastery founded by King David the first among thirteen more for the propagation of God's glory but to the great impairing of the Crown Lands Thence we have a prospect of Coldingham Coldingham called by Bede Coldana and Coludi urbs perhaps the Colania Colania of Ptolemy consecrated many Ages since to professed Nuns whose Chastity is recorded in ancient Writings for their cutting off together with Ebba their Prioress their Noses and Lips chusing to secure their Virginity from the Danes rather than preserve their Beauty but they notwithstanding burnt them together with their Monastery Hard by is Fastcastle belonging to the Humes so called from its strength near the same St. Ebbe's Promontory who being the Daughter of Edelfrid King of Northumberland when her Father was taken Prisoner seized upon a Boat in the Humber and passing along the tempestuous Ocean landed in safety here became famous for her sanctity and left her name to the place But Merch is much more celebrated in History for its Earls Earls of Merch. than places who were highly commended for their Martial Courage They were descendants of Gospatrick Earl of Northumberland who after his being driven out of his Countrey by William the Conqueror was entertained by Malcolm Conmer that is Great-head King of Scotland and honoured by him with Dunbar-Castle and the Earldom of Merch. His Posterity besides very large possessions in Scotland held as appears by an old Inquisition the Barony of Bengeley in Northumberland that they should be Inborrow and Utborrow between England and Scotland What the meaning should be of these terms let others guess what my conjecture is I have said already But in the reign of King James the first George of Dunbar the Earl of Merch by authority of Parliament upon the account of his Father's Rebellion lost the propriety and possession of the Earldom of Merch and the Seigniory of Dunbar And when he proved by good Evidence that his Father had been pardoned that fault by the Regents of the Kingdom he was answered that it was not in the Regents power to pardon an offence against the State and that it was provided by the Laws that the Father's transgression should succeed to the Children to the end that being Heirs to their Father's Rashness as well as Estate they should not at any time out of a vain opinion of power plot against their Prince and Country The Title of Earl of Merch was afterwards amongst other Honourable Titles conferr'd on Alexander Duke of Albany And in our memory this title of honour was reviv'd in Robert the 3. Brother of Matthew Earl of Lenox who being of Bishop of Cathness made Earl of Lenox soon after resigned up that Title to his Nephew created Duke of Lenox and received of the King by way of recompence the name and stile of Earl of Merch c LAVDEN or LOTHIEN LOTHIEN also called Lauden Lauden and anciently from the Picts Pictland shoots out along from Merch as far as the Scottish Sea or the Frith having many hills and little woods but for its excellent Corn-lands and civility is commended above any County in Scotland About the Year of our Lord 873. Edgar King of England between whom and Keneth the third King of Scotland there was a strict alliance against the Danes the Common Enemy resigned up his right in this Lothian unto him as Matthew Florilegus asserts and to tie his heart the closer to him He bestowed upon him moreover many Lodges in the way wherein both he and his Successors in their coming to the Kings
March Marr and Garioth Lord of Annandale and Mann was out-law'd by his brother James the 3. and after many struglings with the world and its troubles in the end as he stood by to see a Tournament at Paris he happen'd to be wounded by a splinter of a broken Lance and so died His son John the 4th Duke of Albany Regent likewise and made Guardian to K. James the 5. being charm'd with the pleasures of the French Court as having married a daughter and coheir of John Earl of Auvergne and Lauragueze died there without issue Whom out of respect and deference to the bloud Royal of Scotland Francis the 1. King of France honour'd so far as to allow him a place in France between the Archbishop of Longres Tily and the Duke of Alencon Peers of the Realm After his death there was no Duke of Albany till Queen Mary 11 In our memory conferr'd this honour upon Henry Lord Darley whom some few days after she made her Husband and K. James the 6. granted the same to his second son Charles an Infant now Duke of York These Parts are inhabited by a sort of people barbarous warlike and very mischievous commonly called Highland-men Highland-men who being the true race of the antient Scots speak Irish and call themselves Albinnich People they are of firm and compact bodies of great strength swift of foot high minded born as it were for the exercises of War or rather of robberies and desperately bent upon revenge They wear after the manner of the Irish †Plaids strip'd Mantles of divers colours with their hair thick and long living by hunting fishing fowling and stealing In war their armour is an iron head-piece and a coat of Mail their arms a bow barbed arrows and a broad back-sword And being divided into Families which they call Clanns what with plundering and murdering they commit such barbarous outrages Parliam 1581. that their savage cruelty hath made this Law necessary That if one of any Clann hath committed a trespass whoever of that Clann chances to be taken shall repair the damage or suffer death 12 Whereas the whole Clan commonly beareth feud for any hurt receiv'd by any one member thereof by excution of Laws order of Justice or otherwise PERTHSHIRE OUT of the very bosom of the Mountains of Albany issues the Tay The River Tay. the greatest river in all Scotland and rolls along thro' the fields till widening it self into a Lake full of Islands it there restrains its course After this kept within banks it waters Perth a large plentiful and rich country and receives the Amund a little River coming out of Athol This Athol Athâ—l to make a little digression is infamous for Witches but a country fruitful enough having woody valleys where once the Caledonian Forest The Caledâ—nian Forest dreadful for its dark intricate windings for its denns of bears and its huge wild thick-maned bulls extended it self in former ages far and near in these parts As for the places herein they are of little account but the Earls are very memorable Thomas a younger son of Rolland of Galloway was in his Wife 's right Earl of Athol Earls of Athol whose son Patrick was murder'd at Hadington by the Bissets his Rivals and they immediately set the house on fire Chronicon Mailrâ—ss that it might be supposed he perished casually in the flames In the Earldom succeeded David Hastings who had married Patrick's Aunt by the mother's side whose son that David sirnamed of Strathbogy may seem to have been who a little after in the Reign of Hen. 3. of England was Earl of Athol married one of the daughters and heirs of Richard base son to King John of England and had a very noble Estate with her in England She bore him two sons John Earl of Athol who being very unsettled in his allegiance was hanged on a Gallows fifty foot high and David Earl of Athol who by a marriage with one of the daughters and heirs of John Comin of Badzenoth by one of the heirs of Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroke got a mighty estate He had a son David who under King Edw. 2. was sometimes summoned to Parliament amongst the English Earls and being made under King Edward Baliol Lieutenant-General of Scotland was conquer'd by the valour of Andrew Murray and slain in a battle in Kelblen Forest in the year 1335. His son David had only two young daughters Elizabeth married to Tho. Percy from whom the Barons de Burrough fetch their original and Philippa married to Sir Tho. Halsham an English Knight Then fell the title of Athol to that Walter Stewart son to King Robert 2. who barbarously murder'd James 1. King of Scotland and was agreeably punished for that execrable piece of cruelty insomuch that Aeneas Sylvius then Pope Eugenius the 4th's Nuncio in Scotland is reported to have said That he could not tell whether he should give them greater commendations that revenged the King's death or punish them with a sharper censure of condemnation that polluted themsâ—lves with so heinous a Parricide After an interval of some few years this honour was granted to John Stewart of the house of Lorne son of James sirnamed the Black Knight by Joan the widow of King James 1. daughter of John Earl of Somerset and ‡ Nepti neice to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster whose Posterity enjoy it at this day a 'T is now a Marquisate in the Family of Murray Now the Tay by the Influx of the Almund being enlarged makes for Dunkell Dunkeld adorned by King David with an Episcopal See This upon account of the signification is lookt upon by most as a town of the Caledonians and they interpret it The hill of Hazles who will have it take the name from the Hazles of the Caledonian Forest * See â—he Additions Bâ—r h. From hence the Tay takes its course by the ruins of Berth a little desolate City not forgetting what calamity it brought upon it in times past when with an impetuous torrent it overflow'd the pasture and corn grounds destroyed all the labours of the Husbandman and hurried headlong with this poor city a Royal infant and all the Inhabitants Instead whereof King William built Perth Perth much better situated which presently grew so rich that Necham who lived in that age made this distick upon it Transis ample Tai per rura per oppida per Perth Regnum sustentant istius urbis opes Great Tay through Perth through towns through country flies Perth the whole Kingdom with her wealth supplies But posterity hath named it from a Church founded in honour of St. John St. John's town St. Jâ—hns Town And the English in the heat of the war between the Bruses and the Baliols fortified it with great Bulwarks which the Scots afterwards mostly demolished It is nevertheless a neat little City pleasantly seated between two Greens
in his writings Records of above 1000 years standing concerning these remote parts of the world the Hebrides and the Orcades when in Italy the nurse of excellent wits for so many ages after the expulsion of the Goths there was such a scarcity of writers See the â—â—ditions But upon this place Johnston born not far from hence hath these verses TAODUNUM Or DEIDONUM Quà Notus argutis adspirat molliter auris Hâc placidè coëunt Taus Oceanus Hic facili excipiens venientes littore puppes Indigenis vasti distrahit orbis opes Saepe dolis tentata belli exercita damnis Invictis animis integra praestat adhuc Fama vetus crevit cum Relligione renatâ Lucis hinc fulsit pura nitela aliis Alectum dixere priùs si maxima spectes Commoda fo rs Donum dixeris esse Dei. Tu decus aeternum gentisque urbisque Boëti Caetera dic patriae dona beata tuae Where the calm South with gentle murmurs reigns Tay with the sea his peaceful current joyns To trading ships an easie port is shown That makes the riches of the world it s own Oft have her hapless sons been forc'd to bear The dismal thunder of repeated war Yet unsubdu'd their noble souls appear Restor'd Religion hath advanc'd her height And spread through distant parts the sacred light Alectum once 't was nam'd but when you 've view'd The joys and comforts by kind heav'n bestow'd You 'll call it Donum Dei Gift of God Boetius honour of the realm and town Speak thou the rest and make thy mother's honours known Hence we have a sight of Brochty-crag Brochty-Crag a Fort defended by a Garison of English many months together when out of an earnest desire of a perpetual peace they sued for a Marriage between Mary of Scotland and Edward 6. of England and upon promise thereof demanded the performance by force of arms but the Garison at length abandoned it Then to the open sea lies Aberbroth in short Arbroth Arbroth a place endowed with ample Revenues formerly consecrated to Religion by King William in honour of St. Thomas of Canterbury Near this the Red-head Red-head shooteth out into the sea a Promontory to be seen afar off Hard by South-Eske enters the Ocean which flowing out of a lake passes by Finnevim-Castle much fam'd for being the seat of the Lindsays The Lindsays Earls of Crawford of whom I have spoken already Then Brechin Brechin standing upon the same River which King David the first adorned with a Bishop's See * See the Additions and at its very mouth Mont-rose Montrose that is The Mount of Roses a town antiently called Celurca built out of the Ruines of another of the same name and situated between the two Eskes which gives the title of Earl to the Family of Graham Upon which thus Johnston CELURCA or MONS ROSARUM Aureolis urbs picta rosis mons molliter urbi Imminet hinc urbi nomina facta canunt At veteres perhibent quondam dixisse Celurcam Nomine sic prisco nobilitata novo est Et prisca atque nova insignis virtute virûmque Ingeniis Patriae qui peperere decus A leaning mount which golden roses grace At once adorns and names the happy place But ancient times Celurca call'd the town Thus is it proud of old and late renown And old and late brave sons whose wit and hand Have brought new trophies to their native land Not far from hence is Boschain Boschain belonging to the Barons of Ogilvy Baroâ—s Ogilvy of very ancient nobility descended from that Alexander Sheriff of Angus who was slain in the bloody battle at Harley against the Mac-donalds of the Isles As for the Earls of Angus Earls of Angus Gilchrist of Angus a person illustrious for his brave exploits under Malcolm the 4th was the first Earl of Angus that I read of About the year 1242 John Comin was Earl of Angus who died in France and his Dowager perhaps heiress of the Earldom was married to Gilbert Umfravile an Englishman For both he and his heirs successively were summoned to the Parliament of England till the 3d year of K. Richard 2d under the title of Earls of Angus But the English Lawyers refused in their Instruments to own him for an Earl because Angus was not within the Kingdom of England till he produced in open Court the King 's Writ whereby he was summoned to Parliament under the name of Earl of Angus In the reign of David Brus Sc tâ—â— chron con Tho. Steward was Earl of Angus who took Berwick by surprize but presently lost it again and a little after died miserably in prison at Dunbritton The Douglasses men of haughty minds and invincible hearts ever since the reign of Robert the 3d have been Earls of Angus after that Geo. Douglass had married the Kings Daughter and are reputed the chief and principal Earls of Scotland whose Office it is to carry the Regal Crown before the Kings at all the solemn Assemblies of the Kingdom The sixth Earl of Angus of this race was Archibald who married Margaret daughter to Henry the 7th and mother to James the 5th King of Scotland by whom he had issue Margaret Wife to Matthew Stewart Earl of Lennox she after her brother's death without issue willingly resigned up her right to this Earldom with the consent of her husband and sons to David Douglass of Peteindreich her Uncle's son by the father's side to the end that by this obligation she might engage that family more closely to her which was already the nearest allied in bloud At the same time her son Henry was about to marry Queen Mary By which marriage King James Monarch of Great Britain was happily born for the general good of these nations h s Now it is a Marquisate in the same family MERNIS THese parts were in Ptolemy's time inhabited by the Vernicones the same perhaps with Marcellinus's Vecturiones But this name of theirs is now quite lost unless we can imagine some little piece of it remains in Mernis For oftentimes in common discourse in the British tongue V is changed into M. THis little Province Mernis butting upon the German Ocean is of a rich soil and generally a level and champagne countrey The most memorable place in it is Dunotyr Dunotyr a castle advanced upon an high and inaccessible rock looking down on the sea beneath fortified with strong walls and towers at certain distances which hath long been the seat of the Keiths Kâ—ith a very ancient and noble family and they in recompence of their valour have long been hereditary Earls Marshals Earls Marshals of the Kingdom of Scotland and Sheriffs of this Province Sheriffdom of Kincarain or Mernis In a Porch here is to be seen that ancient Inscription abovementioned of a * Vex. â—ticâ—is Company belonging to the XXth Legion the letters whereof the most
is inferior to none for its lakes and rivers admirably well stock'd with fish Upon Logh-lothy stands Innerlothy 〈…〉 strengthned with a fort and formerly of much note occasioned by the great resort of Merchants thither but having been ruined by the depredations and insults of the Danes and Norwegians it hath been so abandoned and disused for many ages that there scarce remains now any appearance of it which is intimated in the verses I produced a little above I never yet read of any Earls that Loghuabre hath had â—â—qhuo â—ne of 〈◊〉 but about the year 1050 of one Banqhuo a most noted Thane made away by Macbeth the Bastard after by murder and blood-shed he had seized the Kingdom out of fear and jealousie For he had found by a prophecy of certain â—â—agaâ— Witches that the time would come when after Macbeth's line was expired Banqhuo's posterity should one day obtain the Kingdom and by a long succession reign in Scotland Which indeed fell out accordingly For Fleanch Banqhuo's son who unknown in the dark escaped the snares that were laid for him fled into Wales where for some time he kept himself close and having afterwards married Nesta the daughter of Griffith ap Llewelin Prince of North-Wales he begat Walter who returning into Scotland The Original of the family of Stewart suppress'd the rebellion of the Islanders with the reputation of so much bravery and managed the King's revenues in these parts with so great prudence that the King made him Stewart of the whole Kingdom of Scotland Whereupon this name of an Office gave the sirname of Stewart to his posterity which spreading through all parts of Scotland in many noble branches being advanced to several honours hath long flourished there Three hundred and thirty years ago Robert Stewart a descendant of this House in right of Marjorie his mother daughter of K. Robert Brus obtained the Kingdom of Scotland And now lately James Stewart the 6th of that name King of Scotland in right of Margaret his Great Grandmother daughter of Henry the 7th by the divine appointment of the ruler of all things with the general applause of all Nations is advanced to the Monarchy of Great-Britain 15 And the Isles adjacent ROSSE ROsse so call'd from an old Scottish word which some interpret a Promontory others a Peninsula was inhabited by a people called Cantae 〈◊〉 Canâ—â— which term in effect intimates as much in Ptolemy's time This extends it self to such a wideness that it hath a prospect of both Oceans On that side where it looks upon the Vergivian or western Ocean it rises up in many swelling mountains with woods here and there full of stags roebucks fallow deer and wild fowl On the other side next the German sea it is more fruitful having much corn and meadow grounds and is much better cultivated 〈◊〉 â—are◠〈◊〉 â—â—naâ—â— In the very entrance into it Ardmanoch no small territory which gives the title of Baron to the second sons of the Kings of Scotland shoots up in very high mountains always covered with snow I have been told by some persons very strange stories of their heighth The heighth of hills and the depth of the sea Plutarch in P. Aemil concerning Olympus and yet the ancient Geometricians have written that neither the depth of the sea nor the heighth of the mountains exceed by line and level 10 stadia that is a mile and a quarter Which notwithstanding they that have beheld Tenariff amongst the Canary Islands 15 leagues high and have sailed in the neighbouring sea will by no means admit for a truth In these parts stands Lovet a Castle and Barony of the noble family of the Frasers made Barons as 't is reported by K. James 2d for the singular services they had done the Crown of Scotland Which family in a quarrel had been entirely extinguished by the Clan Ranalds a most bloody people had not fourscore of the principal of them by the providence of God left their wives big with child at home who being delivered of so many sons renewed and restored it At Nesse-mouth stood Chanonry formerly a noted place so called from a rich College of Canons in the flourishing times of the Church in which there is erected a See for the Bishop of Rosse * Sâ—e the Adâ—itiâ—ns Hard by Cromartie is placed where Urqhuart a Gentleman of noble extraction administers Justice as hereditary Sheriff of this District and this is so commodious and so safe a Harbour for any Fleet though never so great that Mariners and Geographers give it the name of Pertus Salutis Pâ—râ—us Sâ—â—uâ—is or the Haven of safety * S â— the Aâ—ditioâ—â— Above it is Littus Altum Lâ—â—â—us Altum mentioned by Ptolemy called now as it seems Tarbarth for there the shore rises to a great heighth enclosed on one side with Cramer a very secure port on the other with the river Celnius now Killian The River Câ—â—nius Killian And thus much of the places lying towards the Eastern Ocean Into the Western Sea runs the river Longus mentioned by Ptolemy now called Logh-Longas next the Cerones Cerones anciently dwelt where now Assen-shire is a Country divided into several parcels by the breakings in of the sea It would be a very difficult piece of work to make up a perfect succession of the Earls of Ross Eâ—rls of Ross out of the several Historians About 400 years ago Ferqhuard flourished under this title but upon the failure of issue male it came by a daughter to Walter Lesley for his valiant atchievements under Lewis the Emperor deservedly stiled the Noble or Generous Knight by whom he had Alexander Earl of Ross and a daughter married to Donald Lord of the Western Isles This Alexander had issue one only daughter who passed over all her right and title to Robert Duke of Albany which so enrag'd Donald of the Isles that in the reign of James the 3d he proclaimed himself King of the Isles and Earl of Ross and harrassed all the Country round about with fire and sword At length King James the 3d by Authority of Parliament in the year 1476 so firmly annext the Earldom of Ross to the Crown that it might not be lawful for his successors to alienate from it either the Earldom it self or any part thereof or upon any account grant the same to any person but only to the King 's second sons lawfully begotten Whereupon Charles the King's second son Duke of York now uses and enjoys that title SVTHERLAND BEyond Ross lies Sutherland looking towards the German Ocean a countrey more fit for breeding of cattle than bearing of corn Here there are hills of white marble Hills of white Marble a thing very unusual in so cold a climate but it is almost of no use because that excess in buildings and that vain ostentation of riches has not yet reached these remote countreys Here stands Dunrobin
also by his valour and conduct he so fortunately suppressed that by the self same Victory he both recovered the town surrender'd to him with the Spaniards in it and disarm'd the whole Kingdom of Ireland when with fire and sword they had not only resolved to rebel but were now actually revolting Off from Kinsale on the other side of the river lyes h Called at this day Kyrycurry Kerry-wherry Kerry-wherry a small territory lately belonging to the Earls of Desmond Just before it runs that i At present called Lee. river The river which Ptolemy calls Daurona Dauron and Giraldus Cambrensis by the change of one letter Sauranus and Saveranus which springing from the mountains of Muskerey passes by the principal City of the County grac'd with an Episcopal See whereunto is also now annext the Bishoprick of Clon which Giraldus calls Corcagia in English Cork Cork and among the natives k Corkig This Cork is now mostly inhabited with English who by their industry have so improved their estates trade and city that it far exceeds any city in Ireland Dublin only excepted Corcach It is of an oval form enclos'd with walls and encompass'd with the chanel of the River which also crosses it and is not accessible but by bridges lying along as it were in one direct street with a bridge over it 'T is a populous little trading town and much resorted to but so beset with Rebel-enemies on all sides that they are obliged to keep constant watch as if the town was continually besieged and dare not marry out their daughters into the country but contract one with another among themselves whereby all the Citizens are related in some degree or other They report here that Brioc the Religious person who in that fruitful age of Saints flourished among the Gauls and from whom the Diocese of Sanbrioch in Armorica commonly called St. Brieu S. Brieu takes its name was born and bred in this town Beneath Cork the chanel of the river is divided into 2 branches which uniting again make a large and very pleasant l It is called The Great Island Island over against the chief dwelling house of the Barries an antient and noble family and thereupon is called Barry Court For they are descended from Robert de Barry Barons Barry an Englishman of great worth one who was rather ambitious to be really eminent than to seem so he was the first man that was wounded in the conquest of Ireland G. Camâ—â—â— and that ever mann'd a hawk in that Island His posterity also by their great loyalty and valour have been honoured first with the title of m They are now Earls of Barry-more Baron Barry and afterwards with that of Vicount Butiphant by the Kings of England Vicount Butipcaâ— and from their riches and estates have been called by the people Barry More or Barry the great A little below this the river Saveren near Imokelly formerly the large possession of the Earls of Desmond falls from a creeky mouth into the sea As the Saveren watereth the lower part of this county so n Now commonly called Black-water Broodwater formerly Aven-more that is a great water supplies the upper Upon which is the seat of the noble family de Rupe or Roch Baron Roche transplanted out of England hither where it hath grown and flourished and now enjoys the title of Vicount Fermoy Vicount Fermoâ— In Edward the second 's time they were certainly Barons of Parliament Par. 9 〈◊〉 an 8 Ed. for George Roche was fined 200 Marks for not being present at the Parliament of Dublin as he was summoned As the river Broodwater which by its course for some time is the boundary between this County and Waterford runs into the sea and makes a haven stands Yoghall Yoghall not very large but walled round of an oblong form and divided into two parts the upper which is the greater part stretches Northward having a Church in it and a littley Abby without the wall called North Abby the lower part to the Southward is named the Base-town and has also an Abby called South Abby The convenience of the haven which hath a well fenced Kay in it as also the fruitfulness of the country hereabouts draws Merchants hither so that the town is prety populous and has a Mayor for its chief Magistrate At present the County of Cork reaches only thus far which as I have already observed was heretofore counted a Kingdom Kingdoâ— of Carâ— and was of greater extent containing Desmond also within the bounds of it King Henry 2. gave this Kingdom to 7 Sir Robert Robert Fitz-Stephens and 8 Sir Miles Miles de Cogan in these words Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdom of Cork except the City and Cantred of Oustmans to hold to them and their heirs of me and my son John by the service of sixty Knights From the heir of this Fitz-Stephen 9 Sir George George Carew now Baron Carew of Clopton is descended in a right line who was not long since Lord President of Mounster and as I most willingly acknowlege has given me great light into the Irish Antiquities The County of WATERFORD ON the East of Ireland between the rivers Broodwater on the West and the Suire on the East the Ocean on the South and the County of Tipperary on the North lyes the County of Waterford a County very fair and delicate both in respect of pleasure and richness Upon Broodwater at its leaving the County of Cork stands Lismor â—â—smor remarkable for its Bishop's See where presided Christian Bâ—â—hop Christian the Bishop and Legat of Ireland about the year 1148. a person very deserving of the Church of Ireland educated at Clarevall in the same Cloister with St. Bernard and Pope Eugenius At present by reason the possessions hereunto belonging have been almost all of them alienated it is annext to the See of Waterford Near the mouth lyes Ardmor Ardmor a small village of which and this river thus heretofore Necham Urbem Lissimor pertransit flumen Avenmor Ardmor cernit ubi concitus aequor adit Avenmor guides his stream through Lismor town Small Ardmor to the ocean sees him run The little adjoyning territory is called Dessee â—â—see the Lord whereof descended from the Desmonds had since our time the honourable title of Vicount Dessee conferred upon him which died soon after with him for want of issue-male Not far from hence stands Dungarvan â—â—â—garâ—â—n upon the sea a town well fortified with a Castle and advantageously situated for a haven King Henry 6. gave this with the Barony of Dungarvan to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury but afterwards by reason it stood convenient to command that part of Mounster which was to be reduced the Parliament annext it to the Crown of England for ever â—â—ers Baâ—â—â— of Câ—â—raghâ—ore Near this the Poers an
into the Neor upon which stands the third Burrough-town of this County that takes the name Kallan from it and also Inis-Teag Inis-Teag a fourth The family of the Butlers spreads its branches almost all over this Country and has flourish'd in great honour being for their eminent virtues dignified with the title of Earls of Ormond Wiltshire in England and as it is already said of Ossery Besides the Earl of Ormond Viscount Thurles and Knight of the Garter there are of this family the Viscount Mont-Garret the Viscount Tullo the Barons de Dunboyn and Cahyr with many other noble branches The rest that are eminent in these parts are also of English original the Graces the Walshes Levels Foresters Shortels Blanch-felds or Blanchevelstons Drilands Comerfords c. The County of CATERLOGH THE County of Caterlogh by contraction Carlogh bounds upon Kilkenny on the east lying wholly in a manner between these two rivers the Barrow and the Slane The soil is fruitful and well shaded with woods It contains two towns considerable more eminent than the rest both situate upon the west of the Barrow the one Caterlogh about which Leonel Duke of Clarence begun to build a wall and Bellingham that famous and excellent Lord Deputy of Ireland built a strong Castle for the defence of it The other is Leighton in Latin Lechlinia where was formerly a Bishop's See now annex'd to the Bishoprick of Farnes These towns have both of them their Wards and Constables to govern them The greatest part of this County belonged by inheritance to the Howards The Stat. of Absenties Dukes of Norfolk descended by the Earls of Warren from the eldest daughter of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke but King Henry the eight by Act of Parliament had all the lands and possessions granted him either belonging to him and the other Gentry or to the Monasteries here in England b See the County of Waterford the last paragraph because that by their absence and neglect of private affairs there they had endangered the publick interest From hence the Barrow runs through the Barony of Ydron Baron Ydron which belonged to the Carews of Devonshire 13 For Sir John Carew an English Knight died sâ—isâ—d thereof in the time of King Edward 3. ever since Sir N. Carew an English Knight married the daughter of Digo an Irish Baron which has since our memory been recovered after a long usurpation by Peter Carew Upon the river Slane stands Tullo memorable for Theobald Butler brother's son to the Earl of Ormond who was lately honoured with the title of Viscount Tullo by King James The Cavanaughs Cavanaghs are very numerous in these parts descended from Duvenald a younger son or Bastard as some say of Dermot the last King of Leinster warlike men and famous for their good horsemanship and though very poor at this day yet of as much honour and generosity as their forefathers Upon the account of some slaughters which many years ago they committed upon one another they live in a state of war at this day Some of these being trusted by the English to manage their possessions in these parts about King Edward the second 's time usurp'd all to themselves assuming the name of O-More O-Moâ— From 〈◊〉 book oâ— Patricâ— Fingâ—â— and taking the Toles and Brens into their confederacy by which means they dispossess'd the English of all that territory between the Caterlogh and the Irish-Sea Among these the river Neor joins the Barrow and after they have travell'd some miles together in one stream they quit their names and present that with their waters to their eldest sister the Swire which empties it self soon after from a rocky mouth into the sea where on the left there is a little narrow-neck'd promontory upon which stands a high tower built by the merchants of Rosse while they flourished to direct their vessels into the river-mouth Hooktowâ—â— QVEENS-COVNTY TOwards the north-west above Caterlogh lies a woody boggy tract call'd in Irish the Lease Lease in English the Queens-County which Queen Mary by her Minister Thomas Ratcliff Earl of Sussex and Lord Deputy at that time first reduced into a County Hence the chief town is call'd Mary-Burgh Mary-Burgh defended by a garison under the command of a Seneschal who with much ado keeps off the O-mores pretending to be Lords of it as also the Mac-Gilpatricks the O-Dempsies and others a mischievous and unquiet sort of people who are daily conspiring against the English and endeavouring to free themselves from their laws At the first coming of the English into these parts Meilere was sent hither to subdue this wild and hostile part of the country Hugh Lacy Lord Deputy built a castle at Tahmelio for him as also another at Obowy a third upon the river Barrow and a fourth at Norrach Among others also he fortified Donemaws Donemawâ— an ancient castle situate in the most fruitful part of this territory which fell to the Breoses Lords of Brecknock by Eva the youngest daughter of William Mareshall Earl of Pembrook Where also the Barrow rising out of Slew-Blomey-hills westward after a solitary course through the woods sees the old city Rheba Rhebâ— a name it stiâ—l preserves entire in its present one Rheban though instead of a city 't is now only the reliques of one consisting of some few cottages and a fort However it gives the title of Baronet to that noble Gentleman N. of S. Michael commonly called the Baronet of Rheban Baroâ— Rhebâ—â— The KING's-COVNTY AS the Queen's County aforesaid was so named from Queen Mary so the adjacent little County on the north divided by the river Barrow and called heretofore Offalie was term'd in honour of Philip King of Spain her husband the King's County as likewise the head-town in it Philips-town Philips-town where there is a garison a Seneschal and several noble families of the English the Warrens Herberts Colbies Mores and the Leicesters of the Irish the family of O-conor to whom a great part of it formerly belong'd as also of Mac Coghlam and O maily Fox and others who stoutly defend this and the other possessions left them here by their ancestors while the natives complain that the estates of their families are took from them and no other possessions in lieu assigned them to live upon For this reason they break out into rebellion upon every occasion and annoy the English with great outrage and cruelty The County of KILDAR THE County of Kildar lies along like a foreland to the King and Queen's Counties on the east very rich and fruitful Giraldus Cambrensis applies those verses of Virgil to the pastures of it Et quantum longis carpunt armenta diebus Exiguâ tantum gelidus ros nocte reponit What in long days the browzing cattle crop In the short nights the fertil dew makes up The a The Shire-town at this day is Nans near which at Sigginstowne Thomas
petty Kings or Princes therein The possession of this Island did without any interruption continue in the name and family of the Stanleys for 246 years the Grant thereof together with the Patronage of the Bishoprick having been given by Henry the fourth by Letters Patents to Sir John Stanley and his Heirs in the year 1403. And during our late Civil Wars in the year 1649. the Lord Fairfax Captain General of the Parliament's Forces obtained a Grant of the said Island from the Parliament of England the then Earl of Derby's estate being confiscate for bearing Arms for the King against the Parliament and himself beheaded at Bolton But it was afterwards restored to the Family of Derby who are the present Lords of that Island The supream and principal Officers in this Island The prinâ—â—pal Officers in the â—â—and are only five in number and they constitute the Lord's Privy Council They are the Governour of the Island the two Deemsters the Controller and the Receiver General They all of them hold their Offices durante bene placito and are obliged to be constantly resident in Castletown that they may be ready to advise and consult with the Lord upon any emergent occasion The Governour has the whole command of the Island under the Lord. The Deemsters are their Judges both in civil and criminal Cases They are always chosen out of the Natives by the Lord it being necessary they should understand and speak the Manks Language that they may give sentences in Courts and understand the Pleadings of the Plaintiffs and Defendants before them They are only two in number and divide the Island betwixt them the one having jurisdiction over the North part the other over the South The Controller's Office is to call the Receiver General to an account once every Quarter he is also Clerk of the Rolls and has the Pension belonging thereto The Receiver General is by his place to receive all the Rents due to the Lord of the Island from the inferiour Collectors To these are subordinate some other Officers The subordinate Officers as the 24 Keys of the Island a Water-Bailiff the Lord's Attorney-General the Coroners and the Moors The Water-Bailiff is as it were Admiral of the Island his office is to seize on all wrecks at sea for the Lord's use and to take care of all business relating to the Herring-Fishing The Attorney-General is to plead all the Causes in which the Lord of the Island is concerned and all the Causes of Widows and Infants The Keys of the Island are so called because they are to lay open and discover the true antient Laws and Customs of the Island They are chosen by the Lord himself out of the natives and though they together with the Deemsters hold their Offices but durante bene-placito yet are they seldom turned out during their lives They are always assisting to the Deemsters in the determining of Cases of great difficulty and from the Sentence of these there is commonly no Appeal No new Law can be made or Custom introduced or abolished but by the consent of the Deemsters and the 24 Keys of the Island These Keys write down all the Customs and Statutes of the Island for the help of their memory that thoy may be the better enabled to give Sentence when called to consult of any of these matters As to the number of the Keys Mr. Camden has been misinformed for he says they are only 12. whereas they are 24 in number 'T is true that since the time of the antient Orrys they have not been constantly this number that depending on the pleasure of the Lord of the Island but there is no ground to believe they were ever so few as twelve and they have been for the most part 24. The Coroners or Crowners in Man who in the Manks language are called Annos are the same as our Sheriff's in England and each of them has under him another Officer who is as it were Under-Sheriff and is called a Lockman The number of the Coroners is according to the number of the Sheedings which are six every Sheeding hath its Coroner The Moors are the Lord's Bailiffs to gather up his Rents in that Sheeding where they reside and to pay the same to the Receiver General It is customary in this Island Some peculiar customs of this Island and that from all antiquity that some of the Clergy be present and assist at the Court of Gaol-delivery the Bishop himself being present there when in the Island The Evidence against Delinquents is first to be taken by spiritual Officers and by them testified to the temporal Court But they are obliged to remove when any Sentence of death is to be pronounced No person guilty of Man-slaughter is allowed the Benefit of Clergy nor can be saved but by the Lord of the Island 's Pardon No Execution of any Malefactor is to be in the Passion-week No Merchant can transport money out of the Island without Licence neither without Licence can any Native go out of the Island If any one do force or ravish a woman if she be married he is to suffer death but if a maid or single-woman the Deemster gives her a Rope a Sword and a Ring and she has it put in her choice either to hang him with the rope or to cut off his head with the sword or to marry him with the ring In former times Women-Malefactors were to be put in a sack and sowed up and so flung from a rock into the sea as Mr. Camden says but now the women are hanged as the men only Witches are burnt If any man have a child by a woman and within two years after marries the woman the child is legitimated by the customary Laws If a woman bring forth a dead child the child is not to be buried in the Church-yard except the Mother take her oath that she has received the Sacrament since the quickening of the child All the Swine of what age soever belonging to Felons are the Lord's and all their Goats do belong to the Queen of Man No Act of Parliament made in England doth bind the King's Subjects in the Isle of Man unless the said Island be therein expresly named The Isle of Man being within the Fee of the King of England the Manksmen are adjudged to be the King 's natural Subjects born and are capable of inheriting Lands in England Thâ—ir Relig on The Religion professed in this Island is exactly the same with the Church of England The Manksmen are generally very respectful to their Clergy and pay their Tithes without the least grudging They own St. Patrick for their Apostle and hold him in greatest veneration Next to him they honour the memory of St. Maughald one of their Bishops whose Feast they never fail to celebrate twice a year The Bible was translated into the Manks tongue by Dr. Philips Bishop of Man but by reason of his death it never came to the Press so
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
year of his Age. MCCCXXIV Nicholas Genevile son and heir to the Lorâ— Simon Genevile died this year and was buried in the Church oâ— the Friers-predicants at Trym Item there happen'd a very higâ— wind on the 12th day at night Item There was a general murrain of Oxen and Kine in Irâ—land MCCCXXV Richard Lederede Bishop of Ossory cited Damâ— Alice Ketyll to answer for her heretical and perverse Opinions and forc'd her to appear in Person before him And being examâ—ned for Sorcery it was found that she had us'd it among others this was discover'd That a certain Spirit call'd Robin Artyssoâ— lay with her and that she offer'd him nine red Cocks at 〈◊〉 Stone-bridge where the High-way branches out into four severaâ— Parts Item That she swept the streets of Kilkenny with Beesoms between Complin and Courefew and in sweeping the Filth towards the house of William Utlaw her son by way of conjuring wish'd that all the wealth of Kilkenny might flow thither The accomplices of this Alice in these devilish practices were Pernil of Meth and Basilia the daughter of this Pernil Alice being found guilty was fined by the Bishop and forc'd to abjure her sorcery and witchcraft But being again convicted of the same practice she made her escape with Basilia and was never found But Pernil was burnt at Kilkenny and before her death declar'd That William above-said deserv'd punishment as well as she and that for a year and a day he wore the Devil's girdle about his bare body Hereupon the Bishop order'd the said William to be apprehended and imprison'd in the castle of Kilkenny for eight or nine weeks and gave orders that two men should attend him but that they should not eat or drink with him and that they should not speak to him above once a day At length he was set at large by the help of Arnold Lord Poer Seneschal of the County of Kilkenny whereupon he gave a great sum of mony to the said Arnold to imprison the Bishop likewise Accordingly he kept the Bishop himself in Prison for three months Among the goods of Alice they found a holy wafer with the Devil's name upon it and a Box with Ointment with which she us'd to daub a certain piece of wood call'd a Cowltre after which she and her accomplices could ride and gallop it wheresoever they pleas'd let the roads be good or bad without either hurt or hindrance These things being so notorious and crying Alice was cited again to appear at Dublin before the Dean of S. Patrick's Church having some hopes of greater favor given her She made her appearance and crav'd a day to answer having given sufficient bail as it was thought However she was not to be found for by the counsel of her son and others unknown she hid her self in a certain village till the wind would serve for England and then she sail'd over but it could never be known where she went William Utlaw being found by the trial and confession of Pernel who was condemn'd to be burnt to have been consenting to his mother in her sorcery and witchcraft the Bishop caus'd him to be arrested by the King 's writ and put in prison yet he was set at liberty again by the intercession of some great Lords upon condition that he should cover S. Mary's Church in Kilkenny with lead and do other acts of charity within a certain day and that if he did not perform them punctually he should be in the same state as he was when first taken by the King 's writ MCCCXXVI At Whitsontide a Parliament was held in Kilkenny where was present Richard Lord Burk Earl of Ulster though somewhat weak and out of order and all the Lords and great men of Ireland who with the people were all nobly feasted by the Earl Afterwards the Earl taking his leave of the Lords and Nobles went to Athisel and there died A little before the feast of John the Baptist he was there interr'd William Lord Burk was his heir MCCCXXVII There happen'd an out-fal between Moris Lord Fitz Thomas and Arnold Lord Pouer. The Lord Moris was seconded by the Lord Botiller and William Lord Bermingham and the Lord Arnold with the Bourkeyns many of whom were â—ain in this fray by the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas and some driven iâ—to Conaught The same year after Michaelmas the Lord Arnold came to assist the Bourkeins and upon the Lord Arnold's calling him Rymour and affronting him with some uncivil terms the Lord Maurice raised an Army and together with Botiller and the said William Bermingham burnt and wasted the lands and territories of the Lord Arnold in Ofath Bermingham burnt also the lands and mannor-houses which belong'd to him in Mounster and burnt Kenlys in Ossory So that the Lord Arnold was forc'd to fly with the Baron of Donnoyl to Waterford where they remain'd a month and then the Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland and others of the King's Counsel order'd them to parlee However the Lord Arnold would not observe it but came to Dublin and about the feast of the Purification embark'd for England Upon this Moris Botiller and William Lord Bermingham came with a great army and burnt and wasted his lands the King's Counsel began to dread this powerful army and the mischiefs they had done so much that they strengthned their city-guards lest they themselves might be surpriz'd The Lord Moris Lord Botiller and Bermingham hearing of this provision against them sent to the King's Counsel that they would come to Kilkenny and there clear themselves to satisfie them they had no design upon the lands of their Sovereign Lord the King but only intended to be reveng'd of their enemies The Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland the Prior of Kilmaynon namely Roger Outlaw Chancellour of Ireland Nicholas Fastal Justiciary in Banco and others of the King's Council came accordingly to this Parliament the Lord Moris and Bermingham demanded the King's Charter of peace in the first-place But they of the King's Counsel warily desir'd that they might have till a month after Easter to consider of it Before Lent this year the Irish of Leinster assembled and set up Donald the son of Arte Mac Murgh for their King Whereupon he took a resolution to set up his Banner within two miles of Dublin and march from thence into all parts of Ireland But God seeing his pride and malicious designs suffer'd him to fall into the hands of Henry Lord Traharn who brought him to the Salmon's-leap and had 200 l. of him to save his life from thence he carried him to Dublin to stay in the castle till the King's Council should give farther Orders After this the Irish in Leinster underwent many misfortunes David O Thohil was taken prisoner by John Lord Wellesley and many of them were cut off The same year Adam Duff the son of Walter Duff of Leinster who was related to the O Tothiles was convicted for denying the incarnation of Christ
and holding there could not be three persons and one God Among other tenents he asserted that the blessed Virgin our Saviour's mother was an harlot that there was no resurection that the holy Scripture was a mere fable and that the apostolical See was an imposture and a groundless usurpation Upon these Articles Duff was convicted of heresie and blasphemy and was thereupon burnt at Hoggis green near Dublin on the Monday after the octaves of Easter in the year 1328. MCCCXXVIII On Tuesday in Easter-week Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare and Chief Justice of Ireland departed this life and was succeeded in the office of Justiciary by Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynan The same year David O Tothil a stout rapperie and an enemy to the King who had burnt Churches and destroy'd many people was brought out of the castle of Dublin to the Toll of the City before Nicholas Fastol and Elias Ashburne Judges of the King's-Bench who sentenc'd him to be dragg'd at a horse's tail through the City to the Gallows and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was after executed accordingly Item In the same year the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas rais'd a great army to destroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers The same year William Lord Bourk Earl of Ulster was knighted at London on Whitsunday and the King gave him his Seigniory Item This year James Botiller married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England and was made Earl of Ormond being before called Earl of Tiperary The same Year a Parliament was held at Northampton where many of the English Nobility met and a peace was renew'd between the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland and confirm'd by marriages It was enacted also that the Earl of Ulster with several of the English Nobility should go to Berwick upon Tweed to see the marriage solemniz'd The same year after the solemnity of this match at Berwick was over Robert Brus King of Scots William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster the Earl of Meneteth and many other of the Scotch Nobility came very peaceably to Cragfergus whence they sent to the Justiciary of Ireland and the Council that they would meet them at Green Castle to treat about a Peace between Scotland and Ireland but the Justiciary and Council coming not accotding to the King's appointment he took his leave of the Earl of Ulster and return'd into his own Country after the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and the Earl of Ulster came to the Parliament at Dublin where he staid six days and made a great entertainment after which he went into Conaught The same year about the feast of S. Catharine the virgin the Bishop of Ossory certified to the King's Council that Sir Arnold Pour was upon divers Articles convicted before him of heresie Whereupon at the Bishop's suit Sir Arnold Poer by vertue of the King's Writ was arrested and clapt in the Castle of Dublin and a day was appointed for the Bishop's coming to Dublin in order to prosecute him but he excused himself because his enemies had way-laid him for his life So that the King's Council could not put an end to this business wherefore Sir Arnold was kept prisoner in the Castle of Dublin till the following Parliament which was in Midlent where all the Irish Nobility were present The same year Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland was scandalized by the said Bishop for favouring heresies and for advising and abetting Sir Arnold in his heretical practice Wherefore the Frier finding himself so unworthily defamed petitioned the King's Council that he might have leave to clear himself which upon consultation they granted and caused it to be proclaim'd for three days together That if there were any person who could inform against the said Frier he should come in and prosecute him but no body came Upon which Roger the Frier procured the King 's Writ to summon the Elders of Ireland viz. the Bishops Abbots Priors and the Mayors of Dublin Cork Limerick Waterford and Drogheda also the Sheriffs and Seneschals together with the Knights of the Shires and the better sort of Free-holders to repair to Dublin out of which six were chosen to examine the cause viz. M. William Rodyard Dean of the Cathedral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin the Abbot of S. Thomas the Abbot of S. Mary's the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in Dublin M. Elias Lawles and Mr. Peter Willebey who convened those who were cited and examined them all apart who deposed upon their Oaths that he was a very honest faithful and zealous embracer of the Christian Faith and would if occasion serv'd lay down his Life for it And because his vindication was so solemn he made a noble entertainment for all them who would come The same year in Lent died Sir Arnold Pouer in the Castle of Dublin and lay a long time unburied in the house of the predicant Friers MCCCXXIX After the feast of the annunciation of the bless'd Virgin Mary the Irish nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin to wit the Earl of Ulster Moris Lord Fitz Thomas the Earl of Louth William Bermingham and the rest of the Peers where was a new peace made between the Earl of Ulster and my Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and the Lords with the King's Council made an Order against riots or any other breach of the King's peace so that every Nobleman should govern within his own Seignory The Earl of Ulster made a great feast in the Castle of Dublin and the day after the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas made another in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin as did also Frier Roger Outlaw Lord Chief Justice of Ireland on the third day at Kylmaynan and after this they went all home again The same year on S. Barnaby's eve Sir John Bermingham Earl of Louth was kill'd at Balybragan in Urgale by the inhabitants and with him his own brother Peter Bermingham besides Robert Bermingham his reputed brother and Sir John Bermingham son to his brother Richard Lord of Anry William Finne Bermingham the Lord Anry's Uncle's son Simon Bermingham the aforesaid William's son Thomas Berminghan son to Robert of Conaught Peter Bermingham son to James of Conaught Henry Bermingham of Conaught and Richard Talbot of Malaghide a man of great courage besides 200 men whose names are not known After this slaughter Simon Genevils men invaded the Country of Carbry that they might by their plunder ruin the inhabitants for the thefts and murders they had so often committed in Meth but by their rising they prevented the invasion and slew 76 of the Lord Simon 's men The same year also on the day after Trinity-sunday John Gernon and his brother Roger Gernon came to Dublin in the behalf of those of Urgale that they might be tried by the Common-law And on the Tuesday after S. John's-day John and Roger hearing the Lord William Bermingham was a coming to Dublin left
vincula there was bread made of new wheat and wheat was sold in Dublin for 6 pence a peck Item D. Reimund Archedekin Kt. with many others of his family were kill'd in Leinster MCCCXXXVII On the eve of S. Kalixtus the Pope seven partridges leaving the fields God knows why came directly to Dublin where flying very swiftly over the Market-Place they settled on the â—op of a brew-house which belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dublin Some of the Citizens came running to this sight wondring very much at so strange a thing the Town-boyes caught two of them alive a third they kill'd at which the rest being frightned-mounted in the air by a swift flight and escap'd into the opposite Fields Now what this should portend a thing unheard of before I shall leave to the judgment of the more skilful Item Sir John Charleton Knight and Baron came with his wife children and family Lord Chief Justice of Ireland at the feast of S. Kalixtus the Pope and some of his sons and family died Item The same day came into Dublin haven D. Thomas Charleton Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland with the Chief Justice his Brother Chancellor of Ireland and with them M. John Rees Treasurer of Ireland Mr. in the Decretals besides 200 Welshmen Item Whilst D. John Charleton was Lord Chief Justice and held a Parliament at Dublin Mr. David O Hirraghcy Archbishop of Armagh being called to the Parliament laid in his provisions in the Monastry of S. Mary near Dublin but the Archbishop and his Clerks would not let him keep house there because he would have had his Crosier carried before him Item The same year died David Archbishop of Armagh to whom succeeded an ingenious man M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Litchfield who was born in Dundalk Item James Botiller the first Earl of Ormond died the 6th of January and was buried at Balygaveran MCCCXXXVIII The Lord John Charleton at the instigation of his Brother the Bishop of Hereford was by the King turn'd out of his place upon which he came back with his whole family into England and the Bishop of Hereford was made Lord Keeper and Chief Justice of Ireland Item Sir Eustace Pover and Sir John Pover his Uncle were by the Justice's order brought up from Munster to Dublin where the third of February they were imprison'd in the Castle Item In some parts of Ireland they had so great a frost that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of Dublin stands was frozen hard enough for them to dance run or play at foot-ball upon and they made wood and turfe fires upon it to broil Herrings The Ice lasted a great while I shall say nothing of the great snow which fell during this frost since the greatness of the depth has made it so remarkable This Frost continued from the second of December till the 10th of February such a season as was never known in Ireland MCCCXXXIX All Ireland was up in Arms. The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond with the Geraldines who live about Kernige made a great slaughter of the Irish besides 1200 of them who were drown'd in the retreat Item The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas Lord of Kernige was by the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond apprehended and put in prison where he died for want of meat and drink for his allowance was but very little because he had rebell'd with the Irish against the King and the Earl Item A great number of the O Dympcies and other Irish were by the English and the vigorous pursuit of the Earl of Kildare kill'd and drowned in the Barrow Item the latter end of February Thomas Bishop of Hereford and Chief Justice of Ireland with the help of the English of that Country took from the Irish about Odrone such a great booty of all sorts of cattle as has not been seen in Leinster MCCCXL The Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland being commanded home by his Majesty return'd into England the 10th of April leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainan in his place who died the 13th of February Item The King of England made John Darcy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland for life MCCCXLI In May Sir John Moris came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as Deputy to John Darcy Item In the County of Leinster there happen'd such a strange prodigy as has not been heard of A person travelling along the road found a pair of gloves fit for his hands as he thought but when he put them on he he lost his speech immediately and could do nothing but bark like a dog nay from that moment the men and women throughout the whole County fell into the same condition and the children waughed up and down like whelps This plague continued with some 18 days with others a month and with some for two years and like a contagious distemper at last infected the neighbouring Counties and set them a barking too Item The King of England revok'd all those grants that either he or his Ancestors had made to any in Ireland whether of liberties lands or goods which occasion a general murmur and discontent insomuch that the whole Kingdom grew inclin'd to a revolt Item A Parliament was called by the King's Council to sit in October Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond absented Before this there never was seen so much rancor and division between the English of both Kingdoms at last without asking Counsel of the Lord Chief Justice or any other of the King's Ministers the Mayors of the King's Cities together with the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom resolv d among other things to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in November in order to treat of such matters as concern'd the King and Kingdom Neither the Lord Chief Justice nor any other of the King's Ministers durst repair thither It was concluded in this Parliament by the Nobility and the Mayors aforesaid to dispatch away an ambassadour to the King of England to intercede for Relief and represent the unjust administration of the great Officers in Ireland and declare they could no longer endure their oppression They were particularly instructed in their complaints of the said Ministers to ask How a Land so full of wars and trouble could be govern'd by a Person that was wholly a Stranger to warlike Affairs Secondly How a Minister of the Kings could be imagin'd to grow so rich in a short time And thirdly What was the reason that the King of England was never the richer for Ireland MCCCXLII On the 11th of October and the 11th of the Moon two several Moons were seen by many about Dublin in the morning before day Theone was bright and according to its natural course in the West the other of the bigness of a round loaf stood in the East but not so bright as the former MCCCXLIII S. Thomas's-street in Dublin was accidentally burnt on S. Valentine the Martyr's-day Item The 13th of July D. Ralph Ufford with his Wife the Countess of
and made ready to entertain the Conquerors whosoever they should be usually saying upon this occasion That it would be a shame if such Guests should come and find him unprovided It pleasing God to bless them with the Victory he invited them all to Supper to rejoice with him giving God the thanks for his success telling them He thought the things look'd as well upon his Table as running in his Fields notwithstanding some advis'd him to be saving He was buried in the Convent-church of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath near the river Banne Item The Earl of Ormond Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Chief Justice of Ireland by a charter or commission after this manner Omnibus c. To all whom these Presents shall come greeting Know ye that we have committed to our faithful and loving Subject Moris Earl of Kildare the office of Chief Justice of our Kingdom of Ireland together with the Nation it self and the Castles and other Appurtenances thereunto belonging to keep and govern during our will and pleasure commanding that while he remains in the said office he shall receive the sum of five hundred pounds yearly cut of our Exchequer at Dublin Vpon which consideration he shall perform the said office and take care of the Kingdom and maintain twenty Men and Horse in arms constantly whereof himself shall be one during the enjoyment of the said commission In witness whereof c. Given at Dublin by the hands of our beloved in Christ Frier Thomas Burgey Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland our Chancellor of that Kingdom on the 30th of March being the 35th year of our reign Item James Botiller Earl of Ormond return'd to Ireland being made Lord Chief Justice as before whereupon the Earl of Kildare resign'd to him MCCCLXI Leonel son to the King of England and Earl of Ulster in right of his Wife came as the King's Lieutenant into Ireland and on the 8th of September being the Nativity of the blessed Virgin arriv'd at Dublin with his Wife Elizabeth the Daughter and Heir of William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster Another Pestilence happen'd this year There died in England Henry Duke of Lancaster the Earl of March and the Earl of Northampton Item On the 6th of January Moris Doncref a Citizen of Dublin was buried in the Church-yard of the Friers-predicants in this City having contributed 40 l. towards glazing the Church of that Convent Item There died this year Joan Fleming wife to Geffery Lord Trevers and Margaret Bermingham wife to Robert Lord Preston on S. Margaret's eve and were buried in the Church of the Friers-predicants of Tredagh Item Walter Lord Bermingham the younger died on S. Lawrence-day who left his Estate to be divided among his Sisters one of whose Shares came to the aforesaid Preston Item Leonel having arriv'd in Ireland and refresh'd himself for some few days enter'd into a War with O Brynne and made Proclamation in his Army That no Irish should be suffer'd to come near his Army One hundred of his own Pensioners were slain Leonel hereupon drew up both the English and the Irish into one body went on successfully and by God's mercy and this means grew victorious in all places against the Irish Among many both English and Irish whom he knighted were these Robert Preston Robert Holiwood Thomas Talbot Walter Cusacke James de la Hide John Ash and Patrick and Robert Ash Item He remov'd the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlagh and gave 500 l. towards walling the Town Item On the feast of S. Maur Abbot there happen'd a violent Wind that shook or blew down the Pinnacles Battlements Chimnies and such other Buildings as overtop'd the rest to be particular it blew down very many Trees and some Steeples for instance the Steeple of the Friers-predicants MCCCLXII In the 36th year of this King's reign and on the 8th of April S. Patrick's church in Dublin was burnt down through negligence MCCCLXIV In the 38th year of this reign Leonel Earl of Ulster arriv'd on the 22d of April in England leaving the Earl of Ormond to administer as his Deputy On the 8th of December following he return'd again MCCCLXV In the 39th of this reign Leonel Duke of Clarence went again into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight Deputy-keeper and Chief Justice in his absencc MCCCLXVII A great feud arose between the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of Meth occasion'd by the depredations they had made in that Country Sir Robert Preston Knight Chief Baron of the Exchequer put a good Garrison into Carbry-castle and laid out a great deal of mony against the King's Enemies that he might be able to defend what he held in his Wife 's right Item Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond was made Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCLXVIII In the 42d year of the same reign after a Parliament of the English and Irish Frier Thomas Burley Prior of Kylmaynon the King's Chancellor in Ireland John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth Sir Robert Tirill Baron of Castle-knoke and many more were taken Prisoners at Carbry by the Berminghams and others of that Town James Bermingham who was then kept in Irons as a Traytor in the castle of Trim was set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor the rest were forc'd to ransom themselves Item The Church of S. Maries in Trim was burnt down by the negligent keeping of the fire in the monastery Item On the vigil of S. Luke the Evangelist Leonel Duke of Clarence died at Albe in Pyemont He was first buried in the city Papy near S. Augustin and afterwards in the Convent-church of the Austin Fryers at Clare in England MCCCLXIX In the 43d year cf this reign Sir Willium Windefore Knight a Person of great valour and courage being made the King's Deputy came into Ireland on the 12th of July to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond resign'd the office of Chief Justice MCCCLXX In the 44th year of this reign a Pestilence rag'd in Ireland more violent than either of the former two many of the Nobility and Gentry as also Citizens and Children innumerable died of it The same year Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl of Desmond John Lord Nicholas Thomas Lord Fitz-John and many others of the Nobility were taken Prisoners on the 6th of July near the Monastery of Magie in the County of Limerick by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Thomond many were slain in the Fray Whereupon the Lieutenant went over to Limerick in order to defend Mounster leaving the War against the O-Tothiles and the rest in Leinster till some other opportunity This year died Robert Lord Terell Baron of Castle Knock together with his son and heir and his Wife Scolastica Houth so that the Inheritance was shared between Joan and Maud the sisters of the said Robert Terell Item Simon Lord Fleming Baron of Slane John Lord Cusak Baron of Colmolyn and John Taylor late mayor of Dublin a very
rich man died this year This Continuation following is took from a Manuscript Chronicle in the Hands of Henry Marleburgh MCCCLXXII SIr Robert Ashton being made Chief Justice came into Ireland MCCCLXXIII A great war between the English of Meth and O-Feroll with much slaughter on both sides Item John Lord Husse Baron of Galtrim John Fitz Richard Sheriff of Meth and William Dalton were in May kill'd by the Irish in Kynaleagh MCCCLXXV Died Thomas Archbishop of Dublin the same year Robert of Wickford was consecrated Archbishop of this see MCCCLXXXI Edmund Mortimer the King's Lieutenant in Ireland Earl of March and Ulster died at Cork MCCCLXXXIII A raging pestilence in Ireland MCCCLXXXV Dublin bridge fell down MCCCXC Died Robert Wikford Archbishop of Dublin Robeâ—t Waldebey Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Austin Friers was translated also this year MCCCXCVII Died Frier Richard Northalis Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Carmelites This year Thomas Crauley was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Lord Burk and Walter Lord Bermingham cut off 600 of the Irish and Mac Con their Captain * Read Roger. Edmund Earl of March Lieutenant of Ireland with the assistance of the Earl of Ormond wasted the Country of O Bryn and knighted Christopher Preston John Bedeleu Edmund Loundris John Loundry William Nugent Walter de la Hide and Rober Cadel at the storming of a strong mannor-house of the said O Bryn MCCCXCVIII Forty English among whom were John Fitz Williams Thomas Talbot and Thomas Comyn were unfortunately cut off on the Ascension day by the Tothils On S. Margaret's day this year Roger Earl of March the King's Lieutenant was slain with many others by O Bryn and other Irish of Leinster at Kenlys in that province Roger Grey was appointed to succeed him in the office of Chief Justice On the Feast of S. Mark Pope and Confessor the noble Duke of Sutherey came into Ireland being made the King's Deputy Lieutenant thereof accompanied with the Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Crawley MCCCXCIX In the 23d year of King Richard being Sunday the very morrow after S. Petronil or Pernil the Virgin 's day King Richard arriv'd at Waterford with 200 sail At Ford in Kenlys within Kildare on the 6th day of this week two hundred of the Irish were slain by Jenicho and others of the English the next day the people of Dublin made an inroad into the Country of O Bryn cut off 33 of the Irish and took to the number of 80 men and women with their children prisoners The King came to Dublin this year on the fourth before the kalends of July and embark'd in great haste for England upon a report of Henry duke of Lancaster's being arriv'd there MCCCC At Whitsontide in the first year of King Henry IV. the Constable of Dublin-castle and several others engag'd the Scots at Stranford in Ulster which prov'd unfortunate to the English many of them being cut off and drown'd in that encounter MCCCCI In the second year of this reign Sir John Stanley the King's Lieutenant went over into England in May leaving Sir William Stanley to supply his office On Bartholomew-eve this year Stephen Scrope came into Ireland as Deputy to the Lord Thomas of Lancaster the King's Lieutenant The same year on the feast of S. Brice Bishop and Confessor Thomas Lord Lancaster the King's son being Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd at Dublin MCCCCII The Church of the Friers Predicants at Dublin was consecrated on the 5th of July by the Archbishop of this City The same day 493 Irish were slain by John Drake Mayor of Dublin assisted with the Citizens and the Country people near Bree where they gain'd a considerable victory In September this year a Parliament was held at Dublin Sir Bartholomew Verdon James White Stephen Gernon and their accomplices kill'd John Dowdal Sheriff of Louith in Urgal during this session MCCCCIII In the fourth year of King Henry IV. Sir Walter Beterley a valiant Knight then steward there with thirty more was kill'd in May. About the feast of S. Martin this year the King's Son Thomas went over into Enlgand leaving Stephen Scroop to officiate as his Deputy who return'd also on the first day of Lent into England after which the Lords of the Kingdom chose the Earl of Ormond Lord Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCIV In the 5th Year of King Henry's reign died John Cowlton Archbishop of Armagh on the 5th of May and was succeeded by Nicholas Fleming The same year on S. Vitali's day a Parliament was held at Dublin by the Earl of Ormond at that time Chief Justice of the Kingdom where the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and the Charter of Ireland was confirm'd Patrick Savage was this year treacherously slain in Ulster by Mac Kilmori his brother Richard being also given in hostage was murder'd in prison after he had paid a ransom of 200 marks MCCCCV In the 6th year of King Henry three Scotch Galleys two at Green Castle and one at Dalkey were taken in May with the Captain Thomas Mac Golagh The merchants of Tredagh entred Scotland this year and took hostages and booty The same year Stephen Scroop went into England leaving the Earl of Ormond to officiate as Justice during his absence In June this year the people of Dublin invaded Scotland entering it at S. Ninians where they gallantly behav'd themselves after which they made a descent upon Wales and did great hurt among the Welsh in this expedition they carried the shrine of S. Cubie to the Church of the Holy Trinity in Dublin Item This year on the vigil of the blessed Virgin died James Botiller Earl of Ormond at Baligauran during his office he was much lamented and succeeded by Gerald Earl of Kildare MCCCCVI In the seventh year of King Richard the Dublinians on Corpus Christi day with the assistance of the country people overcame the Irish and kill'd some of them they took three ensigns and carried off several of their heads to Dublin The same year the Prior of Conal in a battle with 200 well-arm'd Irish on the Plain of Kildare vanquish'd them by his great valour killing some and putting the rest to flight The Prior and his party were not above twenty such is the regard of Providence to those that trust in it The same year after the feast of S. Michael Scroop Deputy Justice to Thomas the King's son Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd here The same year died Innocentius VII succeeded in the chair by Gregory The same year on S. Hilaries-day a Parliament was held at Dublin which broke up in Lent at Trym Meiler Bermingham slew Cathol O Conghir in the latter end of February about the same time died Sir Geffery Vaux a valiant Knight of the County of Carlagh MCCCCVII A perfidious base Irishman call'd Mac Adam Mac Gilmori never christen'd and therefore call'd Morbi nay one that had been the ruin of forty Churches took Patrick Savage prisoner forc'd him to pay 2000 marks for ransom
Dignities were those of Dukes Marquisses Counts Captains Valvasors and Valvasins An hereditary title came but late into France not before Philip 3. King of France granted that for the future they should be called Dukes of Britain who were before stiled promiscuously Dukes and Counts But in England in the Norman times when the Norman Kings themselves were Dukes of Normandy there were none had that honour conferr'd upon them for a long time till Edward 3. created Edward his son Duke of Cornwall by a wreath on his head a ring on his finger and a A gold â—erge afâ—â—â—wards â—â—me into 〈◊〉 and a †silver verge as the Dukes of Normandy were formerly by a sword and a banner delivered to them and afterwards by girding the sword of the Dutchy and by a circlet of gold garnished on the top with little golden roses And the same King Edward 3. â—t Paris â—cernâ— John â—aâ—ed D. Norâ—â—ndy created his two sons Leonel Duke of Clarence and John Duke of Lancaster in Parliament By the putting on a sword setting upon their heads a furr'd cap with a circle of gold set with pearls and by the delivery of a Charter After this he created several and there have been now and then hereditary Dukes made in this Kingdom with such like expressions in the Charter the name title state stile place seat preheminence honour authority and dignity of a Duke we give and grant and do really invest you with them by the putting on a sword setting a cap with a golden circle upon your head and the delivery of a golden verge â—â—rquis A MARQUISS i.e. g From the Saxon mearc a bound and mearcan mearcian to set out mark distinctly c. in the same language according to the import of the word one set to guard the limits is a title of honour the second from a Duke This title we had but late none being invested with it before the time of Richard 2. For he created his darling Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquiss of Dublin and that was merely titular For those who were formerly to secure the frontiers were commonly called Lord Marchers and not Marquisses as we now stile them They are created by the King by girding on a sword putting on a Cap of honour and dignity 1 With the Coronet Hol. and delivering a Charter And here I shall take the liberty of relating what I find register'd in the Parliament-rolls â—â—m 4. When John de Beaufort Earl of Somerset was made Marquiss of Dorset by Richard 2. and was deprived of that title by Henry 4. the Commons of England in Parliament made an humble Request to the King that he would restore to him the title of Marquiss but he himself opposed his own cause and openly declared that it was an upstart dignity altogether unknown to our Ancestors and therefore that he did not by any means desire it nay utterly refused it â—â—s The EARLS which hold the third place we seem to have had from our German Ancestors For as Tacitus tells us they had always â—â—mites Earls attending their Princes to furnish them with counsel and to gain them authority But others are of opinion that both the Franks and we received them from the Romans For the Emperors after the Empire was come to its height began to keep about them a sort of domestick Senate which was call'd Caesar's †Comitatus retinue and these by whose counsel they acted in war and peace were called Comites Attendants from whence we find it common in old Inscriptions Comiti Impp. This name in a few years prevailed so much that all Magistrates had the name of Comites * Qui sacrum Comitatum observarunt Parati ad Cod. who gave their attendance at the said Council or had been of it insomuch that it was afterwards extended to all who had the supervisal of any business and Suidas as Cujacius has told us defined Comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Governour of the people From whence also we gather that before Constantine the Great the name of Comes was not used to denote Dignity But he modelling the Roman government by new distinctions and endeavouring to oblige as many as possible by bestowing honours upon them first instituted the title of Comes as barely honorary without any duty nay there were certain rights and privileges annex'd to that title as to accompany the Prince not only when he appeared in publick but also in his palace and private retirements to be admitted to his table and to his secret consultations Upon which we read in Epiphanius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i.e. Who also had obtained of the King the Dignity of a Count. At length such as had the favour of this title had other honours conferr'd upon them to which some duty was annext and again to those who were before in Offices and were engaged in the affairs of State he added this piece of honour 2 Comes domesticorum Lord Great Master of the Houshold Comes sacrarum largitiâ—num Lord High Treasurer Comes sacrae vestis Master of the Wardrobe Comes Stabuli Master of the Horse Comes Thesauri Tresurer Comes Orientis Lieutenant of the East Comes Britannia Comes Africa c. Hol. Hereupon the name of Count implied both Dignity and Government and being at first but temporary it was afterwards for term of life But when the Roman Government was divided into several Kingdoms this title was still retained and our Saxons call'd those in Latin Comites which in their own tongue were named Ealdormen The same persons were stil'd by the Danes in their language Eorlas i.e. honourable men Eorles at this day Earles P. Pithaeus in his Memorabilia Campania as Ethelwerd tells us and by a little melting of that word we call them at this day Earls And for a long time they were simply so called till at last an addition was made of the place's name over which they had jurisdiction But still this Dignity was not yet hereditary The first hereditary Earls in France by the way were the Earls of Bretagne But when William the Norman and Conqueror had in his hands the Government of this Kingdom the Earls began to be Feudal hereditary and patrimonial and those too as appears from Domesday were stil'd simply Earls without any addition as Earl Hugh Earl Alan Earl Roger c. Afterwards as appears by ancient Records the Earls were created with an addition of the name of the place and had every third penny of the County assigned them For instance Mawd the Empress daughter and heir of King Henry 1. created an Earl by this form of words as is manifest from the very Charter now in my hands I Mawd daughter of K. Henry and Governess of the English do give and grant to Gaufred de Magnavilla for his service and to his heirs after him hereditarily the Earldom of Essex and that he have the third penny out
the celebrated Organ at Ulme This city gave birth to Henrietta Maria youngest daughter to K. Charles 1. to William Petre â—ho was Secretary and Privy-Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth and seven times Embassadour in foreign parts and lastly to Sir Thomas Bodley employ'd by Queen Elizabeth to several foreign Courts but especially famous for his founding the Publick Library in the University of Oxford call'd after his own name nn Thomas the last Earl of Exeter mention'd by our Author was succeeded by William his son and heir who dying without issue-male The Eaâ—â—s continu'd left that honour to David Cecil Son of Sir Richard Cecil who was second son to Thomas Earl of Exeter This David was succeeded by John his son and heir and he by his son of the same name o At the confluence of Ex and Clist is Topesham Topheshaâ— an ancient town that hath flourish'd much by the obstructions of the river Ex. Several attempts have been made to remove these dammes but none so effectual as the new works in the time of King Charles 2. at the vast expence indeed of the City of Exeter but to such advantage that Lighters of the greatest burden come up to the city-key On the east of Exeter is a parish call'd Heavy-tree Heavy-tâ—â—â— memorable for the birth of Hooker the judicious Author of the Ecclesiastical Polity and of that great Civilian Dr. Arthur Duck. The next parish is Pinhoe Pinhoe remarkable for bringing forth the two Rainolds John and William brothers zealous maintainers both of the Reform'd and the Popish Religion in their turns Not far from hence is Stoke-Canon Stoke-Câ—non given by K. Canute to the Church of Exeter a representation of which gift was to be seen not long ago in a window of the Parish-Church there viz. a King with a triple Crown and this Inscription Canutus Rex donat hoc Manerium Eccles Exon. Four miles east of Exon we pass the river Clyst near which upon Clyst-heath Clyst-heath the Cornish rebels were totally defeated An. 1549. by John Lord Russel afterwards Earl of Bedford p Next is Honnyton Honnyâ—â—â— where the market was anciently kept on Sundays as it was also in Exeter Launceston and divers other places till in the reign of K. John they were alter'd to other days Over the river Ottery is Vennyton bridge Vennytâ—â—-bridge at which in the time of Edw. 6. a battle was fought against the Cornish rebels q And upon the same river stands Budley Budley famous for being the birth-place of that great Statesman and Historian Sir Walter Rawleigh r From whence to the north east is Sidmouth Sidmouâ—â— now one of the chiefest fisher-towns of those parts s And Seaton Seaton where the inhabitants formerly endeavour'd to cut out a haven and procur'd a Collection under the Great Seal for that purpose but now there remain no footsteps of that work t The river Ax passeth by Ford Ford. to which Abbey the Courtneys were great benefactours it is now in the hands of Edmund Prideaux Esq Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of K. Richard 1. was first Monk and then Abbot here Ax empties it self into the sea at Axmouth Axmoâ—â—â— formerly a good harbour for ships Several attempts have been made to repair this decay'd haven by the family of the Earles but all in vain u Crossing the country to the north-west we meet with Hartland Hartâ—â—â—â— the possessions of which Monastery were confirm'd by Richard 1. with the grant of great immunities particularly of a Court holding plea of all matters saving life and member arising in their own lands In the time of Q. Elizabeth a Bill was preferr'd in the house of Commons for finishing that port Not far from this is Clovelly-harbour Cloâ—â—â—â—â— secur'd by a Piere erected at great charges by the Carys who have had their seats here from the time of Richard 2. 'T is now the most noted place in those parts for herring-fishing At a little distance lies Hole or South-hold Sâ—â—th-hold the native place of Dr. John Moreman Vicar of Maynhennet in Cornwall towards the latter end of Henry 8. memorable upon this account that he was the first who taught his Parishioners the Lord's Prayer Creed and ten Commandments in the English tongue By which we learn in how short a time that language has entirely prevail'd against the native Cornish w Upon the river Ock is Okehampton â—kehampton which as it had formerly 92 Knights fees belonging to it so it is at present a good market town incorporated by K. James 1. sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the title of Baron to the family of the Mohuns More to the north lies Stamford-Courtney Stamford-Courtney where began a great insurrection in the time of K. Edward 6. by two of the inhabitans one of whom would have no Gentlemen the other no Justices of Peace x At a little distance is North-Tawton North-Tawton where there is a pit of large circumference 10 foot deep out of which sometimes springs up a little brook or bourn and so continues for many days 'T is taken by the common people as a fore-runner of publick sorrow as that Bourn in Hertfordshire call'd Woobournmore Directly towards the north upon the river Moule lieth South-moulton â—outh-â—oulton an ancient town incorporate formerly call'd Snow-moulton when it was held by the Martyns by Sergeanty to find a man with a bow and three arrows to attend the Earl of Gloucester when he should hunt thereabouts x From hence to the south-west is Torrington â—â—rrington call'd in old Records Chepan-Torrington an ancient Borough which sent Burgesses to Parliament But that privilege hath been long discontinu'd both here and in other places in this County It was incorporated by Queen Mary by the name of Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses and hath yielded the title of Earl to George Duke of Albemarle the great Restorer of K. Charles 2. as after him to Christopher his only son and since to Arthur Herbert the present Earl late Lord Admiral y The river goes next to Bediford â—ediford mention'd by our Author for it's bridge It is so high that a ship of 50 or 60 tunn may sail under it For which and for number of arches it equals if not exceeds all others in England 'T was begun by Sir Theobald Granvill and for the finishing of it the Bishop of the Diocese granted out Indulgences to move the people to more liberal contributions and accordingly great sums of money were collected This place hath been in the possession of the Granvills ever since the Conquest a family famous particularly for Sir Richard Granvill's behaviour in Glamorganshire in the reign of W. Rufus and another of the same name under Q. Elizabeth who with one ship maintain'd a sea-fight for 24 hours against 50 of the Spanish Galeons and at last yielded upon
the Stoure receives a small river call'd Alen upon which stands S. Giles Winburn the dwelling-place of the honourable and ancient family of h Ashley is the name It came by descent to the present E. of Shaftsbury from Sir Anthony Ashley who was in several publick Employments in the reign of Qu. Elizabeth he having given his only daughter and heiress in marriage to Sir John Cooper of Rockbourn in Hampshire who had issue by her Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper who in the year 1661. was made a Peer by the title of Baron Ashley of Wimborne St. Giles having chosen that title pursuant to an Article in the aforesaid marriage That if Sir John Coopor or heirs should come to be honoured with the degree of Peerage they should take that for their title In the year 1672. Lord Ashley was created Earl of Shaftsbury to whom succeeded his son the present Earl with whom this Estate and Seat remains Astely Knights Ashleys Knights and Wickhampton the patrimonial estate heretofore of the Barons of Maltravers Maltravers the last of whom in the reign of Edw. 3. left two daughters only one of which was marry'd to John de Arundel the grandfather of John Earl of Arundel who left to his heirs the title of Barons of Maltravers the other was the wife of Robert le Rous and afterwards of John Keynes Knight From hence the Stoure flows on by Canford Canford below which not long since James Baron of Montjoy who particularly search'd into the nature of metals began to make Chalcanthum that is Coperas Coperas as we call it and boil alum From hence formerly John Earl of Warren forcibly as it were ravish'd and took away Alice Lacy the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster with much injury to his reputation and no small damage to England as appears by our Chronicles Here the river Stoure leaves Dorsetshire and running through some parts of Hantshire disembogues it self into the Ocean having first receiv'd a little river which flows to Cranborne Cranborne a town well watered where in the year of our Lord 930. Aeilward a nobleman sirnam'd Meaw from his fair complexion founded a little monastery which Robert Fitz-Haimon a Norman transferr'd to Tewkesbury leaving a Monk or two here for to him the possessions of Aeilward sell From whom by succession it came by the Clares Earls of Glocester and Burbs Earls of Ulster Viscount Cranborne to Lionel Duke of Clarence and by him to the Crown But now Robert Cecil 24 Now Earl of Salisbury is Viscount of Cranborne whom King James deservedly for his most approv'd wisdom first dignify'd with the title of Baron Cecil of Essendon and the year after with that of Viscount Cranborne 25 South from hence lyeth Woodland empark'd sometime the seat of the worshipful family of the Filioll the heirs whereof are marry'd to Edward Seymor after Duke of Somerset and Willâ—ughby of Wallaton It should be Woelaton Farls and Marquesses of Dorset The life of Osmund MS. Touching the Earls and Marquesses of this Shire William the Conquerour after he had got the Crown of England i Matth. Paris Hist Min. An. 1189. made Osmund who was Earl of Seez in Normandy Bishop of Salisbury first then Earl of Dorset and Lord Chancellour having a great opinion of his wisdom and excellent learning A long time after See the Dukes of Somerset Richard 2. in the 21 year of his reign preferr'd John de Beaufort the son of John of Gaunt and Earl of Somerset to be Marquess of Dorset from which honour he was afterwards degraded by Hen. 4. out of ill will to Richard 2. And when in full Parliament the house of Commons with whom he was much in favour did earnestly intercede that his dignity of Marquess might be restor'd him he utterly refus'd to accept it professing a great aversion to such a novel and upstart title unknown before those times and his younger brother Thomas de Beaufort was created Earl of Dorset who afterwards for his valour was by Hen. 5. made Duke of Exeter and had the County of Harcourt given him For he gallantly defended Harflew in Normandy against the French and bravely put to flight the Earl of Armeniâ—c in a pitch'd battel After his decease without issue Hen. 6. nominated Edmund of the same house of Lancaster first Earl then Marquess of Dorset and at last Duke of Somerset whose sons being all taken off in the Civil wars and the house of Lancaster as it were quite routed Edw. 4. created Thomas Grey of the family of Ruthin who was his son-in-law for the King marry'd Grey's mother Marquess of Dorset when he came to the great estate of the Bonvils in this County and those adjoyning in the right of his wife Thomas his son and Henry his grandson by the said Thomas succeeded him who was created Duke of Suffolk by Edw. 6. upon his marriage with Francis the daughter of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk and neice to King Hen. 8. by his sister He suffer'd for high-treason in Queen Mary's reign and too late experimented of what dangerous consequence it is to marry into the Royal Family and to soar too high in ambitious hopes From his time the title of Dorset was conferr'd on no one till K. James in the beginning of his reign advanc'd Thomas Sackvill Baron of Buckhurst Lord High Treasurer of England to the Earldom of Dorset for his most exact diligence and singular wisdom as an ornamental honour justly due to his true virtue and the good service he had done his country 26 Who ended his life with sudden death An. 1608. and left Robert his son his successor who deceasing within the year left the said honour again to Richard his hopeful son whom he beâ—at of the Lady Margaret Howard daughter to the late Duke of Norfolk There are in this County 248 Parishes ADDITIONS to DORSETSHIRE a THE County of Dorset as it is observ'd by our Author to be adorn'd with woods pastures and fruitful valleys so is it principally enrich'd by the sea which supplies it with great plenty of the best fish and gives it an opportunity of improving it self by trading 'T is very much for the honour of it that K. Charles 2. declar'd he never saw a finer Country either in England or out of it Lime b The Town of Lime seems to have been much improv'd since Mr. Camden's time for it is now a Burrough consisting of 16 Capital Burgesses and a Recorder whereof there is a Mayor and two Justices The Mayor is the next year after his Mayoralty a Justice of the Peace and the year following Justice and Coroner The Peer there for the nature and largeness of it hath scarce it 's like in England and requires great cost yearly to maintain it The place is so much encreas'd that whereas our Author observes it could hardly be term'd a port on any other account than as frequented by
Fishermen it has now very considerable Merchants in it It is remarkable for being the landing place of the unfortunate Duke of Monmoâ—th June 11. 1685. when he asserted his pretended right to the Crown He brought with him but one man of War of about 30 guns and two other small vessels with Arms for about 4000 men having not above 100 that came over with him But notwithstanding the great increase of his Forces in a very short time he was routed in a pitch'd battel and his attempt prov'd faâ—al to him and his Followers c From hence our Author passes on to Bridport Bâ—â—dport which he says seems to want nothing to make it a port but industry But it appears by experience that it is not this will do it for the inhabitants have lately attempted it and fail'd in the undertaking the tides perpetually barring it with land against which they could not find any remedy North east from hence is Winford-Eagle Wâ—â—ford-Eâ—gâ—e * â—â—â—r M n. Brit. MS. near which in a ground call'd Ferndown upon the road to Bridport is a barrow amongst many others thereabouts that was search'd and open'd some years ago Upon the first removing of the earth they found it full of large flints and at length came to a place perfectly like an Oven curiously clay'd round and in the midst of it a fair Urn full of very firm bones with a great quantity of black ashes under it But what is most remarkable one of the diggers putting his hand into the Oven when first open'd pull'd it hastily back not being able to endure the heat and several others doing the like affirm'd it to be hot enough to bake bread †Dr. Jorden of Baths c. 14. p. 106. The same natural heat is often found by our mineral-men in their mines so as sometimes they are not able to touch them Digging farther they met with 16 Urns more but not in Ovens and in the middle one with ears to it they were all full of sound bones and black ashes Not far from hence is Winterborne Winterborne ‖ Aubr Mon. Brit. MS. in the parish whereof within an inclosure near the London-road there stand certain stones nine in number in a circular form The highest of them is seven foot the next highest almost six foot the rest are broken and now not above a yard high And upon the same road half a mile farther there stand three stones which are four foot high The stones of both these monuments seem to be petrify'd lumps of flints cc Descending from hence to the sea-coast we come to Portland Portland which in the year 1632. gave the title of Earl to Richard Lord Weston of Neiland Lord High Treasurer of England who was succeeded by several of the same family It now gives that title to William Bentinck After the donation of Edward mention'd by our Author this Island continu'd in the Church of Winchester to the time of Edw. 1. in whose reign Gilbert de Clare Earl of Hertford and Glocester probably looking upon it as an impregnable place gave other lands to the Church in exchange for it through whose heirs it came to the Crown in Edw. 4. where it still continues d Upon the south-east-part of this County lies the Isle of Purbeck Purbecâ— the south part whereof is very good land It has plenty of marble and of many sorts of good stone from which as tradition informs us the Cathedral Church of Salisbury was supply'd and they to their great advantage carry much of it to London e The most considerable piece of Antiquity in it â—orffe-â—â—â—â—e is Corffe Castle the foundation whereof is not distinctly clear'd by any history though there are some circumstances that would justifie at least a conjecture of it's being built by K. Edgar For by an Inquisition taken 54 Hen. 3. concerning the Abbess of Shaftsbury's claim of Wreck in her mannour of Kingston in Purbeck it is thus mention'd Juratores dicunt quod ante fundationem Castri de Corffe Abbatissa Moniales S. Edwardi de Shaston habuerunt wreccum maris quod evenire consuevit in manerio suo de Kingston sine contradictione Now the Nunnery of Shaston was founded An. 941. by K. Edmund after which time the castle must have been built and 't is probable was not done in either of the two succeeding Reigns which were but short till Edgar the peaceable the rich and the great builder too for he founded and repair'd 47 Monasteries came to the Crown After the strength and safety of the Realm began to consist in Castles this was one of the most principal belonging to the Crown and in the 42 Hen. 3. when Simon Montfort had took that King prisoner it was the third Castle requir'd to be deliver'd up to that party and was afterwards by Mortimer look'd upon as the fittest place wherein to secure his prisoner Edw. 2. It was repair'd by K. Hen. 7. and in the late Civil Wars was a garrison for the King and defended by the owner of it Lord Chief Justice Banks nor did it come into the Enemies hand but by the treachery of one who pretending to have brought relief let in the besiegers The town is one of the nine burroughs of the County that send Burgesses to Parliament and what is remarkable the principal members of it especially as many of them as have born the Office of Mayor are call'd Barons as the Chief citizens of London anciently were and the governing part of all the Cinque-ports still are In the Island there is one family Clavil recorded in Domesday-book to have been here in the time of the Conqueror f To the north lies Poole which our Author says in the last Age arose out of a few Fishermens houses Notwithstanding it seems to be a town of good note and antiquity though no mention be made of it in Domesday For it appears by Records that in the 2 Edw. 2. the Free Burgesses of Poole Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster being then Lord in right of his wife paid to the said Lord the sum of 8 l. 13 s. equal to about 80 l. now for the farm of their Liberties and in 14 Edw. 3. they sent Burgesses to Parliament g Upon the river Frome lies Dorchester â—hester a pretty large town with very wide streets and delicately situated on a rising ground opening at the south and west-ends into sweet fields and spacious downs It is a Corporation formerly govern'd by two Bailiffs and Burgesses but was in the 5 Ch. 1. incorporated a-new by the name of Mayor Bailiffs Aldermen and Burgesses with an enlargement of Privileges Franchises and Immunities In the 29 Hen. 8. it contain'd 349 houses In the time of the Romans it was one of the two winter Stations of their Legions mention'd in those parts Vindogladia now Winburne being the other 〈…〉 h So Maiden-castle is observ'd by our Author to have been a summer Station and
G assenbury some foot distant from the old Church and facing the Monks Church-yard The higher and that nearer the Church has five stories and is 26 foot high This tho' it is ready to fall down for age has yet some monuments of antiquity plainly legible but not so plainly intelligible For in the uppermost stories there is an image of an Episcopal figure In the second an image showing something of a King-like pomp and these letters HER. SEXI and BLISWERH In the third too are these names WEMCHESTE BANTOMP WINEWEGN In the fourth HATE WVLFREDE and EANFLEDE In the fifth which is the lowermost an image and this writing LOGWOR WESLIELAS and BREGDENE SWELWES HWINGENDES BERNE The other Pyramid is 18 foot high and has four stories in which are written HEDDE bishop and BREGORRED and BREORWALDE What these may signifie I dare not rashly determine but only make a probable conjecture that the bones of those men whose names are writ on the outside may be laid in hollow stones within As for LOWOR he is positively affirm'd to be the person from whom the place now call'd * Mons acutus Montacute was formerly nam'd LOGWERESBEORH And BEORWALDE too was Abbot after HEMGISELUS To give a list of the West-Saxon Kings bury'd here would be beside my business Yet I cannot but mention Edgar the Peaceful Edgar the Peaceful if it were upon no other account but that he always endeavour'd after peace and subjoyn his Epitaph penn'd very well for that age Auctor opum vindex scelerum largitor honorum Sceptriger Edgarus regna superna petit Hic alter Salomon legum pater orbita pacis Quòd caruit bellis claruit inde magis Templa Deo templis monachos monachis dedit agros Nequitiae lapsum Justitiaeque locum Novit enim regno verum perquirere falso Immensum modico perpetuúmque brevi He that good actions did with honours crown Enrich'd the realm the daring vice put down Edgar to heaven which he deserv'd is gone Our Solomon in laws and lasting peace Yet honour'd more than with a conqueror's praise While bold oppression fell and justice kept her place Churches to God to Churches Monks he gave To Monks possessions they should never leave Thus for a short a false a bounded reign He knew a vast a true an endless one to gaiâ— From Glassenbury the three rivers meeting there make a sort of fenn and afterwards discharging themselves at the same little mouth run westward in one chanel by Gedney moore or as others will have it call'd Godney-moore Godney-moore affirming it to be as much as God's Island and that it was granted to Joseph of Arimathea Next by Weadmore a Village of Alfred's which he gave by his last Will to his son Edward and then through that fenny spacious tract Brentmersh which the Monks of Glassenbury have interpreted a country of fenn-frogs as it 's little town Brentknol a small hill of frogs From hence to the East Mendipp-hills Mendippe-hills run themselves out a great way both in length and breadth Leland calls them Minerary-hills and I think not amiss since in old Records they are nam'd Muneduppe abounding with lead-mines and very good for the pasturage of cattle g in these there is a cave of a vast length wherein are discover'd some wells and rivulets Ochy hole Ochiehole is the name of it and the inhabitants thereabouts have broach'd as many wild fancies concerning it as the Italians have of their Sibyll's cave in the Apennine Alps. Strabo But without doubt it had the name from Ogo a British word signifying a cave as the Island Euboea from a cave of the same nature was call'd by a name like this OCHA h Not far from it in the reign of Henry 8. in plowing they cast up an oblong plate of lead 29 Which lay long at Lambith in the Duke of Norfolk's house design'd for a trophee with this Inscription TI. CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG. P. M. TRIB P. VIIII IMP. XVI DE BRITAN This ninth Tribuneship of Claudius fell in with the year from the building of Rome 802. and with the Consulship of Antistius and M. Suillius at which time a great disturbance happen'd under P. Ostorius Propraetor of Britain From the circumstances of this time give me leave to infer some conjectures That this same year Claudius had two signal victories over the Britains is attested by an ancient Coin of that Emperour the best evidence that can be On one side of it is this Inscription TI. CLAVD CAESAR AVG. P.M. TR. P. VIIII IMP. XVI PP On the reverse DE BRITAN with a triumphant arch a figure of a horseman at full speed and two trophies Now who these Britains were that were conquer'd Tacitus informs us for he says that Claudius by the conduct of Ostorius subdu'd two of the Brittish People this year Cangi a people of Britain namely the Iceni and the Cangi But seeing the Iceni are as it were in another Hemisphere what if we should say that this Trophy was erected in memory of a victory over the Cangi a small people comprehended under our Belgae and that those Cangi had their abode here For not far from hence is the Irish sea n Tacitus's Annals l. 12. c. 2. near which he places the Cangi and there seem to be remains of the name Cangi still left in some places hereabouts as in the hundreds of Cannington and Canings in Wincaunton which is sometimes call'd Cangton and Kaingsham as much as to say the mansion of the Cangi But let the reader judge of these matters for my part as I said I do not go beyond conjecture but only endeavour to trace out the Cangi o Upon second thoughts he settles them in Cheshire see that County towards the end Camden's Letters p. 24. Stillingfleet's Orig. Britâ—n p. 32. Plot 's History of Staffordshire Cap. 10. Sect. 2. which I still hope to meet with in another place Amongst these hills is Chuton Chuton the seat if I mistake not of William Bonvil whom Henry 6. by the name of William de Bonvill and Chuton summon'd to Parliament among the Barons Baron Bonvil made Knight of the Garter and enrich'd his son by marriage with Baron Harrington's only daughter who was then but young But when he for want of a due sense of gratitude sided with the house of York in the Civil wars as if a Fury had haunted him for revenge he was an eye-witness of the untimely death of that his only son and of Baron Harington his granchild by him both slain in the battle of Wakefield And presently after to make his old age as miserable as could be whilst he was in earnest expectation of better fortune himself was taken in the second battle at S. Albans and when his glass had well nigh run out was beheaded leaving behind him Cecil his grandchild and heiress then very young but afterward being marry'd to Thomas Grey Marquess of
amongst which is a pulpit of stone and a Chappel wherein they say that Jordan Companion to St. Austin the English Apostle was bury'd but 't is now a free-school This place not to mention the private houses is beautify'd on all sides with publick and stately buildings On one side with a Collegiate Church call'd Gaunts from its founder Sir Henry Gaunt Knight who quitting the affairs of this world here dedicated himself to God now by the munificence of T. Carre a wealthy citizen it is converted into a Hospital for Orphans On the other side over against it are two Churches dedicated to St. Austin the one but small and a Parish-Church the other larger and the Bishop's Cathedral adorn'd by King Henry 8. with six Prebendaries Now the greatest part of it is pull'd down and the College gate which indeed is curiously built has this Inscription REX HENRICVS II. ET DOMINVS ROBERTVS FILIVS HARDINGI FILII REGIS DACIAE HVIVS MONASTERII PRIMI FVNDATORES EXTITERVNT That is King Henry 2. and Lord Robert the son of Harding son to the King of Denmark were the first founders of this Monastery This Robert 42 Call'd by the Normans Fitz Harding Harding's son of the blood-roâ—al of Denmark was an Alderman of Bristol and was so great with King Henry 43 The second that by his favour Maurice his son marry'd the daughter of the Lord de Barkley from whence his posterity Barons of Barkley who flourish'd in great state are to this day call'd Barons of Barkley Register of the Monastery some whereof are bury'd in this Church aa From hence where the Avon runs are high rocks on both sides the river as if Nature had industriously design'd them One of these which hangs over the river on the east-side is call'd S. Vincent's and is so stock'd with Diamonds British Diamonds that one may get whole bushels of them But the great plenty lessens their true value among us for besides that by their transparency they even vie with those from the Indies they do not yield to them in any respect save hardness but their being smooth'd and fil'd by nature into six or four corners does in my mind render them more admirable bb The other rock on the western bank is likewise full of Diamonds which by a wonderful artifice of nature are contain'd in hollow reddish flints for the ground here is red as if they were big with young The Avon after it has pass'd by these rocks is at last with a full channel unloaded into the Severn-Aestuary cc It remains now that I reckon up the Earls and Dukes of this County of Somerset Earls and Dukes of Somerset The first Earl of Somerset is said to have been William de Mohun or Moion the same probably that b Vid. Hist Matth. Paris Minor Maud the Empress in her Charter whereby she created William de Mandevil Earl of Essex makes use of as a witness under the name of Comes W. de Moion i.e. Earl W. de Moion From this time there occurs no distinct mention of the Earls of Somerset unless it be in this Rescript of King Hen. 3. Patents an 1 Hen. 3. to Peter de Mawley which I will set down in order to incite others to spend their judgments upon it Know ye that we have receiv'd the homage of our belov'd Uncle William Earl of Sarum for all the lands which he holds of us especially for the County of Somerset which we have given to him with all the Appurtenances for homage and service reserving still to our selves the Royalties and therefore we command you that you grant him a full seisin of the said County with all it's Appurtenances and for the future not to intermeddle with any thing belonging to the said County c. And we charge all our Earls Barons Knights and Freetenents of the County of Somerset that they pay Fealty and Homage to the said Earl with reserve only of fidelity to the King and that for the future they be obedient and answerable to him as their Lord. Whether one may from hence conclude that he was Earl of Somerset as also of Devonshire for he writ too in the same words to Robert Courtney concerning this William I leave to the judgment of others Under this Henry 3. as we read in a Book in French belonging to the family of the Mohuns Knights 't is said that Pope Innocent on a solemn festival made Reginald Mohun Earl of Este i.e. as our Author interprets it of Somerset delivering him a golden Rose and granting an annual pension to be paid yearly at the altar of S. Paul's in London So that this man seems not so much to have been properly Earl as Apostolical Earl An Apostolical Eâ—â—â— for so such were term'd in that age who were created by the Pope as those created by the Emperour Imperial Earls having a power of licensing Notaries and Scribes making Bastards legitimate c. under some certain conditions A considerable time after John de Beaufort natural son to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster by Catharine Swinford See the Earls of Dorset being with his brothers and sister made legitimate by K. Richard 2. by the assent of Parliament was advanc'd to the honour of Earl of Somerset and afterwards created Marquess of Dorset but was presently depriv'd of that honour by Henry 4. and had only the title of Somerset left him He had three sons Henry Earl of Somerset who dy'd young John created by K. Henry 5. first Duke of Somerset who had an only daughter Margaret mother to K. Henry 7. and Edmund who succeeded his brother in the Dukedom and was for some time Regent of France But being recall'd he was accus'd of having lost Normandy upon which account he suffer'd many indignities from the people and in that lamentable war between the two houses of Lancaster and York was slain in the first battle of S. Albans Henry his son succeeded him who being a time-server and one while siding with the house of York another with the house of Lancaster was by the York-party taken prisoner in the battle of Hexam and had his levity punish d with the loss of his head And his brother Edmund who succeeded him in this honour the last Duke of Somerset of this family after the defeat of the Lancastrian party at Tewksbury was dragg'd being all over blood out of the Church wherein he had taken Sanctuary and beheaded The legitimate heirs male of this family being thus extinct first Henry 7. honour'd Edmund his young son with this title who soon after dy'd and next Henry 8. his natural son Henry Fitz-Roy who dying without issue Edward 6. invested 44 Sir Edward c. Edward de Sancto Mauro commonly call'd Seimor with the same who being full of Honours and as it were loaded with Titles for he was Duke of Somerset Earl of Hertford Viscount Beauchamp Baron of S. Maur Uncle to the King Governour to
their weapons might be examin'd unexpectedly came a Mandate from the King that the cause should not then be decided lest the King should lose his right In the mean time they compounded the Earl agreeing to surrender up all his right in the castle to the Bishop and his successors for ever upon the receit of 2500 Marks aa â—â—rls of â—lisbury Salisbury had Earls very early whose pedigree I will not only draw faithfully but i They may be carry'd yet higher for Knighton stiles Edric Duke of Mercia Earl of Salisbury higher also out of the history of Lacock â—istory of â—â—cock Walter de Euereux Earl of Rosmar in Normandy had by the munificence of William the Conqueror very large possessions in this shire which he bequeathed to his younger son Edward sirnamed of Salisbury who was born in England leaving his other lands in Normandy with the title of Earl of Rosmar to k The eldest son of this Walter that succeeded him in the Earldom was called Gerold Walter his eldest son whose line not long after failed This Edward of Salisbury was very eminent in the twentieth year of William the Conqueror and is often mention'd in Domesday book but without the title of Earl His son Walter founded a small monastery at Bradenstok and there in his old age after he had got a son call'd Patric who was the first Earl of Salisbury by Sibilla de Cadurcis or Chaworth assum'd the habit of a black Canon This Patric the first Earl was slain by Guy of Lusignian A. D. 1169. in his return from a pilgrimage to S. James of Compostella and was succeeded by his son William who died at Paris in the reign of Richard 1. Ela his only daughter by the favour of the said K. Richard was married to William Longspee so sirnamed from the long sword he usually wore who was a natural son of K. Henry 2. to whom upon this marriage with Ela accrued the title of Earl â—â—â—s of the 〈◊〉 of Saâ— and her Coat of Arms viz. Az. 6 Lioncells Rampant Or. His son was also called William Longspee with whom Henry 3. being offended because being signed with the Cross he went to the Holy War without his leave took from him the title of Earl and castle of Sarum He notwithstanding being resolv'd on his design went into Egypt with S. Lewis King of France â—h Paâ— 973. â—051 and fighting valiantly in the midst of his enemies near Damiata which the Christians had taken died in the bed of honour not long before that holy King was unfortunately made prisoner He had a son call'd also William who did not enjoy the title of Earl and had only one daughter named Margaret â—â—â—g â— p. â—4 who was notwithstanding call'd Countess of Salisbury and married to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln by whom she had but one daughter viz. Alice the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster who being outlawed K. Edw. 2. seized upon the lands which she had made over to her husband some of which viz. Troubridge Winterbourn Ambresbury and other manours King Edw. 3. gave to William de Montacute in as full and ample manner as ever the Predecessors of Margaret Countess of Sarum held them â—ds of Patent And at the same time he made the said William de Montacute Earl of Sarum and by the girding on of a sword the said Earldom was invested in him and his heirs for ever This William was King of the Isle of Man and had two sons William who succeeded his father in his honours and died without issue 22 Having unhappily slain his own Son while he train'd him at tilting and John a Knight who died before his brother leaving by Margaret his wife daughter and heiress of Thomas de Monthermer John Earl of Salisbury * De monte Hermerti who being a time-server and conspiring against King Henry 4. was slain at l It should be Cirencester in Comitar Glocestr Chichester A.D. 1400 and afterwards attainted of High Treason Notwithstanding which his son Thomas was restored to his blood and estate one of the greatest Generals of his age whether we consider his pains in all matters of moment his unwearied constancy in all undertakings and his quickness in putting his designs in execution who whilst he besieged Orleans in France was wounded by a Dart from a * è tormento majori Balist of which he died A. D. 1428. Alice his only daughter was married to Richard Nevil Pat. 20 Hen. 6. 1461. to whom she brought the title of Earl of Sarum who following the York-party was taken Prisoner in a battel at Wakefield and beheaded he was succeeded by Richard his son Earl of Warwick and Salisbury who taking delight in dangers engaged his Country in a fresh Civil War in which he lost his own life Isabella one of his daughters married George Duke of Clarence brother to K. Edw. 4. by whom he had a son call'd Edward 23 Earl of Warwick who was unjustly beheaded in his childhood by K. Henry 7. and his sister Margaret to whom the title of Countess of Salisbury was restor'd 24 By Henry 8. in a full Parliament about the fifth year of his reign suffer'd the same fate at 70 years of age by the command of Henry 8. For it is an usual practice among Princes to put to death or perpetually to imprison their kindred upon slight surmizes which are never wanting that they and their posterity may be the better established in the Throne Ann the other daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Salisbury was wife to Richard 3 25 Duke of Glocester and Brother to K. Edw. 4. to whom after she had born Edward * Whom his Unkle K. Edward in the 17th of his reign created Earl of Salisbury and Richard his father usurping the Kingdom made c. Prince of Wales who dy'd young she her self dy'd not without suspicion of poyson From that time this honorary title ceased until A. D. 1605. the most potent K. James dignify'd therewith Robert Cecil second son to our Nestor Wil. Cecil for his prudence and good service to his King and Country whom as I have said he had before honour'd with the titles of Baron Cecil of Essenden and Viscount Cranburn for his great merits and industry in promoting the good of the Kingdom So much concerning the Earls of Salisbury bb Below this City upon the Avon is seated Duncton Duncton or Donketon which is reported to be a very ancient Corporation Bogo commonly Beavois and famous for the seat of Beavois of Southampton who for his valour much celebrated by the Bards is commonly accounted one of the great Worthies Salisbury is every way encompass'd with the open plains unless it be toward the east Clarendon on which side it hath the neighbourhood of the large Park of Clarendon very commodious for keeping and breeding Deer and once beautified with a royal palace
Order though out of the world q Hence the Medway passing by Halling Halling where Mr. Lambard the first Historiographer of this County sometime liv'd in the Bishop's house comes at length to Rochester Rochester which is so certainly the Durobrovis of Antonin that I need add no more than what our Author hath written already concerning it only that it was sack't by the Danes in the days of King Ethelred An. 839. and besieg'd by them again in An. 885. when they cast up works round it but was reliev'd by King Alfred and that all the lands of the Bishoprick were laid waste by King Ethelred An. 986. Of late years it gave an additional title to the Lord Wilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. who in consideration of his great and many signal services done to the Crown at home and abroad was created Earl of Rochester by Letters Patents bearing date at Paris Dec. 13. 1652. 4 Car. 2. who dying An. 1659. was succeeded in his Honour by his only son John a person of extraordinary wit and learning He dying without issue July 26. 1680. the right honourable Lawrence Hyde second son to Edward Earl of Clarendon Viscount Hyde of Kenelworth and Baron of Wootton Basset was created Earl of Rochester Nov. 29. 1682. 34 Car. 2. r The river Medway having past Rochester-bridge which is one of the finest if not the best in England glideth on to Chatham Chatham famous for the station of the Navy-Royal which hath been so far advanc'd by the Kings Charles and James 2. beyond what it was in our Authors days with the large additions of new Docks and Storehouses wherein are many conveniencies unknown till of late and all these so well fenced with new Forts such as those at Gillingham Cockham-wood the Swomp c. that perhaps there may not be a more compleat Arsenal than this in the world To which add the Royal Fort of Shireness Shireness in the Isle of Shepey built at the mouth of this river by King Charles 2. which stands much more commodiously for the security of the River than the Castle of Queenborough ever did which was built there for that purpose by King Edward 3. but is now demolish't Of this see more at the end of the County Which is all I have to say more than our Author has done concerning this fruitful Island but that of late years the right honourable Lady Elizabeth Lady Dacres mother to Thomas Earl of Sussex was enobled with the title of Countess of Shepey during life Sept. 6. 1680. the 32 of Car. 2. since whose death in consideration of many eminent services done the Crown by the honourable Henry Sidney Esq fourth son of Robert Earl of Leicester the titles of Viscount Shepey and Baron of Milton near Sittingbourn were both conferr'd on him by his present Majesty King William 3. Apr. 9. 1689. 1 Gul. Mar. who hath also been since successively made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Master of the Ordnance s Near this Town of Milton Milton alià s Middleton now erected into a Barony Hasting the Dane as our Author tells us built him a Castle to annoy the Town the footsteps whereof yet remain at Kemsley-downs beyond the Church This they now call being overgrown with bushes the Castle ruff whither King Alfred coming against him fortified himself on the other side the water the ditches of which fortification and some small matter of the stone-work also still remain by the name of Bavord-Castle †Aelfredi vita p. 44 45 46. secus fontes Cantianos near unto Sittingbourn t This Sittingbourn Sittingbourn was once both a Mayor and Market town now through disuse enjoying neither But the Dane never did the town of Milton so much real mischief as Godwin Earl of Kent who being in rebellion against Edward the Confessor in the year 1052. enter'd the King's Town of Middleton and burnt it to the ground ‖ Chron. Sax. An. 1052. which in all probability stood in those days near the Church near a mile from the Town that now is and was upon the rebuilding remov'd to the head of the Creek where it now stands u Eastward from hence lyes the Town of Feversham Fevershaâ— where King Stephen saith our Author founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny which appears to be true by his Foundation-Charter printed in the * Vol. 1. p. 683. Monasticon taking his first Abbot and Monks out of the Abbey of Bermondsey of the same order yet †Hist oâ— Cant. p. â—â— Mr. Somner and ‖ Monâ—â—tâ—con Feveâ— shamiense p. 7 8. Mr. Southouse from the absolutory Letters of Peter Abbot of Bermondsey and of the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Caritate finding Clarembaldus the first Abbot of Feversham and his Monks releas'd from all obedience and subjection to the Church of Clugny and to the Abbot and Prior aforesaid * Monast Angl. p. 3â— are inclin'd to believe Mr. Camden mistaken and that the Abbot and Monks of Feversham pursuant to their absolution presently took upon them the rule and habit of S. Bennet notwithstanding it is clear they were still esteem'd of the order of Clugny for several years after as farther appears by the Confirmation-Charters of King Henry 2. King John and Henry 3. all printed in the †Ibid. p. 687 688 689. Monasticon and by the Bulls of Pope Innocent 3. Gregory 10. and Boniface 9. all in a ‖ MS. imâ— Munimerâ— Eccles Christi Cantuar. MS. book in Christ-Church Canterbury So that I guess the mistake must rather lye on Mr. Somner's and Mr. Southouse's side than our Author's the absolutory Letters in all probability tending only to their absolution from those particular Houses making any claim upon them and not from the order it self though it cannot be deny'd * Monaâ—â— Angl. 〈◊〉 p. 417. but that the Abbot and Monks of Reading were at first Cluniacs and after became Benedictines as perhaps these might do some years after their first foundation And thus much for the Ecclesiastical state of this Town As for Secular matters it has been lately honour'd by giving title to Sir George Sands of Lees Court in this County Knight of the Bath who in consideration of his faithful services to King Charles 1. was by King Charles 2. advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron of this Realm by the title of Baron of Throwley as also of Viscount Sands of Lees Court and Earl of Feversham by Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster April 8. 28 Car. 2. which he was only to enjoy for term of life with remainder to Lewis Lord Duras Marquess of Blanquefort in France and Baron of Holdenby in England who marrying the Lady Mary eldest daughter of the said George Earl of Feversham who dyed Apr. 16. 1677. the said Lord Duras being naturalized by Act of Parliament An. 1665. succeeded his Father-in-law in all his titles and
entertain'd a design to depose him For which after he was dead he was attainted of High Treason by Act of Parliament He being thus taken off the same King gave the title of Earl of Glocester to Thomas De-Spencer 38 In the right of his great Grandmother who a little while after met with no better fate than his great Grandfather 39 Sir Hugh Hugh had before him for he was prosecuted by Henry 4 and ignominiously degraded and beheaded at Bristol 40 By the Peoples fury Henry 5. created his brother Humphry the second Duke of Glocester who us'd to stile himself 41 In the first year of King Henry 6. as I have seen in an Instrument of his Humphrey by the Grace of God Son Brother and Uncie to Kings Luke of Glocester Earl of Hainault Holland Zeeland and Pembroke Lord of Friseland Great Chamberlain of the Kingdom of England Protector and Defender of the same Kingdom and Church of England Son Brother and Uncle of Kings Duke of Glocester Earl of Pembroke and Lord high Chamberlain of England He was a great Friend and Patron both of his Country and Learning but by the contrivance 42 Of a Woman of a woman he was taken off at St. Edmunds-Bury The third and last Duke was Richard the third brother to King Edward 4. who having inhumanly murther'd his Nephews usurp'd the Throne which within the space of two years he lost with his life in a pitcht battle and found by sad experience That an unsurped power unjustly gain'd is never lasting Richard 3. Concerning this last Duke of Glocester and his first entrance upon the Crown give me leave to act the part of an Historian for a while which I shall presently lay aside again as not being sufficiently qualify'd for such an undertaking When he was declared Protector of the Kingdom and had his two young nephews Edward 5. King of England and Richard Duke of York in his power he began to aim at the Crown and by a profuse liberality great gravity mixed with singular affability deep wisdom impartial Justice to all people joyned with other subtle devices he procured the affections of all and particularly gained the Lawyers on his side and so managed the matter that there was an humble Petition in the name of the Estates of the realm offer'd him in which they earnestly pray'd him That for the publick good of the Kingdom and safety of the People he would accept the Crown and thereby support his tottering Country and not suffer it to fall into utter ruin which without respect to the laws of Nature and those of the establish'd Government had been harrassed and perplexed with civil wars rapines murders and all other sorts of miseries ever since Edward 4. his brother being enchanted with love potions had contracted that unhappy march with Elizabeth Grey widow without the consent of Nobles or publication of Banns in a clandestine manner and not in the face of the Congregation contrary to the laudable custom of the Church of England And what was worse when he had pre-contracted himself to the Lady Eleanor Butler daughter to the Earl of Shrewsbury from whence it was apparent that his marriage was undoubtedly unlawful and that the issue proceeding thence must be illegitimate and not capable of inheriting the Crown Moreover since George Duke of Clarence second brother of Edward 4. was by Act of Parliament attainted of High Treason and his children excluded from all right of succession none could be ignorant that Richard remained the sole and undoubted heir of the kingdom who being born in England they well knew would seriously consult the good of his native Country and of whose birth and legitimacy there was not the least question or dispute whose wisdom also justice gallantry of mind and warlike exploits valiantly performed for the good of the Nation and the splendor of his noble extract as descended from the royal race of England France and Spain they were very well acquainted with and fully understood Wherefore having seriously considered again and again of these and many other reasons they did freely and voluntarily with an unanimous consent according to their Petition elect him to be their King and with prayers and tears out of the great confidence they had in him humbly besought him to accept of the Kingdom of England France and Ireland which were doubly his both by right of inheritance and election and that for the love which he bore to his native Country he would stretch forth his helping hand to save and protect it from impendent ruin Which if he performed they largely promis'd him all faith duty and allegiance otherwise they were resolv'd to endure the utmost extremity rather than suffer themselves to be brought into the bonds of a disgraceful slavery from which at present they were freed This humble Petition was presented to him before he accepted the Crown afterwards it was also offered in the great Council of the Nation and approved of and by their authority it was enacted and declared in a heap of words as the custom is That by the Laws of God Nature and of England and by a most laudable Custom Richard after a lawful Election Inauguration and Coronation was and is the true and undoubted King of England c. and that the inheritance of these Kingdoms rightfully belongs to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten and to use the very words as they are penned in the original Records It was enacted decreed and declar'd by authority of Parliament that all and singular the Contents in the aforesaid Bill are true and undoubted and that the same our Lord the King with the assent of the three Estates of the Realm and the authority aforesaid doth pronounce decree and declare the same to be true and undoubted I have more largely explained these matters that it may be understood how far the power of a Prince pretended godliness subtle arguings of Lawyers flattering hope cowardly fear desire of new changes and specious pretences may prevail against all right and justice even upon the great and wise assembly of the Nation But the same cannot be said of this Richard as was of Galba That he had been thought fit for Empire had he not reigned for he seated in the Empire deceived all mens expectations but this had been most worthy of a Kingdom had he not aspired thereunto by wicked ways and means so that in the opinion of the wise he is to be reckon'd in the number of bad men but of good Princes But I must not forget that I am a Chorographer and so must lay aside the Historian There are in this County 280 Parishes ADDITIONS to GLOCESTERSHIRE a GLocestershire in Saxon Gleaƿceastre-scyre and Gleaƿcestre-scyre is said to be in length 60 miles in breadth 26 and in circumference 190. The Vineyards mention'd by our Author have nothing left in this County but the places nam'd from them one near Tewkesbury at present
belong'd to Nigel Kyre pp Next is Ricot Ricot which still continues in the family of the Norris's and is now part of the possession of the right honourable James Earl of Abingdon who had that honour conferr'd upon him Novemb. 29. 1682. and having marry'd Eleanora one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Henry Lee Baronet by her has issue his eldest son and heir apparent Mountague Lord Norris who has marry'd the heiress to the family and estate of the ancient and honourable Venables Barons of Kenderton qq South and by West of Dorchester are two banks with a trench between them therefore call'd Dike-hills * Pag. 322. which in the opinion of Dr. Plot cannot be part of any Roman way because extended only as a string to the great bow of the river Thames but rather a fortification such as P. Ostorius is said by Tacitus to have rais'd on the rivers Antona and Sabrina or else some of the out-works of the fortifications on Long Witenham-hill on the other side the water which perhaps was the Sinnodunum of the ancient Britains So he rr Not far from hence is Ewelme Ewelme the Rectory whereof with a Canonâ—y of Christ-Church King James 1. in the third year of his reign annex'd to the office of Regius-Professor of Divinity in Oxford as he did at the same time the government of the Hospital here to that of Professor in Physick Which Prince however represented as of a mean spirit for his inclinations to peace was yet one of the highest patrons to learning and the greatest Benefactor to this University and deserves to have his memory vindicated from the common aspersions cast upon it by men of ignorance and men of arms ss Then the Thames runs forward to Henley Henley which Dr. Plot takes to be the ancientest town in the whole County so call'd says he from the British Hen which signifies old and Lley a place and perhaps might be the head town of the People call'd Ancalites that revolted to Caesar tt At some distance is Watlington Watlington which by the name one would imagine to be of no less than British Antiquity Plot. p 332 as seeming to point out to us * the old way of making their towns or cities an account whereof Strabo has left us viz. Groves fenc'd about with trees cut down and laid cross one another within which they built them sheds for both themselves and Cattel The same way of fencing the Saxons call'd Watelas hurdles or wattles from whence the town probably enough might have its name Continuation of the EARLS Henry the last Earl mention'd by our Author marry'd Diana second daughter to William Cecil Earl of Exeter and dy'd at the siege of Breda An. 1625. without issue Upon which Robert Vere son and heir of Hugh son and heir of Aubry de Vere second son of Earl John the fifth was in the Parliament held at Westminster An. 2 Car. 1. restor'd to this title of Earl of Oxford who taking to wife Beatrix van Hemmema of Friezland had issue by her Aubrey the present Earl Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter who marry'd Diana daughter to George Kirk Esq but by her has no issue More rare Plants growing wild in Oxfordshire Anagallis foemina flore coeruleo Female or Blew-flower'd Pimpernel At Battle near Oxford Park p. 554. Arundo vallatoria foliis ex luteo variegatis Painted or gilded Reed Found by Mr. Bobert in the river Thames not far from Oxford Though it be but an accidental variety it deserves to be mention'd being very ornamental in gardens Atriplex vulgaris sinuata spicata D. Plot. Hist. nat Oxon. It is found commonly on Dunghils growing together with Goose-foot Orache Geranium Columbinum maximum foliis dissectis D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. columbinum majus foliis imis longis usque ad pediculum divisis Moris hist The greatest Doves-foot Cranes-bill with dissected leaves In hedges about Marston and on that part of Botley causey next Oxford in great plenty Gramen caninum aristatum radice non repente sylvaticum Dogs-grass with awns Found plentifully growing in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Gramen Secalinum majus Sylvaticum Gr. secalinum majus Park an Gr. hordeaceum montanum sive majus C. B. Wild Rye grass of the woods In Stoken-Church woods also Idem Gramen cyperiodes minimum Ranunculi capitulo rotundo Cyperus-grass with a round Crowfoot-head Frequently found on the bogs on the west side of Oxford Idem Gramen bromoides maximum hirtum Park Festuca graminea perennis hirsuta gluma longiore dumetorum spicâ divisâ In Godstow copse near Oxford Idem Helleborine flore albo vel Damasonium montanum latifolium C B. Ger. Damasonium Alpinum seu Elleborine floribus albis J. B. Elleborine minor flore albo Park White-flower'd Bastard-Hellebore In the woods near Stoken-Church not far from the way leading from Oxford to Lnod Hordeum nudum seu Gymnocrithon J. B. Zeopyron sive Tritico-speltum C. B. Park Hordeum nudum Ger. cujus figura huic plantae minimè respondet Naked Barley It is sown in the fields about Islip in Oxfordshire and other places It is really a species of wheat and no Barley only its ear resembles the Hordeum dystichum Orobanche Verbasculi odore D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Birds-nest smelling like Primrose-roots At the bottoms o trees in the woods near Stoken church Saxifraga Anglica annua Alsines folio D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Annual Pearl-wort In the walks of Baliol-College gardens and on the fallow-fields about Hedington and Cowley plentifully and in many other places Stachys Fuchsii J. B. Ger. major Germanica C. B. Park Base Hore-hound Nigh Witney-park in Oxfordshire and thereabouts plentifully Tilia foliis molliter hirsutis viminibus rubris fructu tetragono 'T is known by the name of the red Lime and grows naturally in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Tormentilla reptans alata foliis profundiùs serratis Pentaphyllum minus viride flore aureo tetrapetalo radiculas in terram è geniculis demittens Moris Hist Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves In the borders of the corn-fields between Hockley and Shotover-woods and elsewhere Triticum spica multiplici C. B. Ger. Park Many-eared wheat It hath been sown about Biceter and Weston on the green Viola Martia hirsuta major in odora D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Moris hist. Trachelii folio D. Merret Violet with Throatwort-leaves In Magdalen-college-Cops Shotover-hills Stow-wood and many other places plentifully It is found in most Countries Viola palustris rotundifolia D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Round-leaved Marsh-violet In the bogs about Stow-wood and on the banks of Cherwell between Oxford and Water-Eyton but sparingly Clematis Daphnoides major C. B. Daphnoid latifolia seu Vinca pervinca major Park The greater Periwinkle In the high-ways between Wolverton and Yarnton and in several hedges thereabout I am not yet fully satisfied that this is a native of England though it be found in the places mentioned
Dukes of Somerset hath lately built a very noble and extraordinary pleasant Seat Within the town it self there is nothing worth seeing except a School founded there by J. Incent Dean of St. Pauls in London who was a native of this town More to the South lyeth Kings-Langley Kings-Langley heretofore a Seat of the Kings where Edmund of Langley son to Edward the third Duke of York was born and thence also named Here was a small Cell of Friers Praedicants in which that unhappy Prince Richard the second was first buried who was barbarously depriv'd both of his Kingdom and his Life but not long after his body was remov'd to Westminster and had a monument of brass bestow'd upon it to make amends for his Kingdom Just almost over-against this there lyeth also another Langley which because it did belong to the Abbots of St. Albans is call'd Abbots-Langley Abbots-Langley the place where Nicholas Breakspeare was born afterwards Pope by the name of Hadrian Pope Hadrian 4. the fourth who first preach'd the Christian faith to the people of Norway and quieted the tumults of the people of Rome at that time endeavouring to recover their ancient liberties Frederic the first Emperour of the Romans held this Pope's stirrup as he alighted from his horse and at last he lost his life by a fly that flew into his mouth and choaked him Lower I saw Watford Watford and Rickemanesworth Rickmansworth two Market-towns touching which we have no account until we find that King Offa bestowed them upon St. Alban as also he did Caishobery Caishobory that lyes next to Watford Watford At which place a house was begun by Sir Richard Morison a man of great learning and employed by Henry the 8th and Edward the 6th in several Embassies to the greatest Princes in Europe but he left it to his son 21 Sir Charles Charles to finish who made it a neat and curious Seat More toward the east the Roman military way pass'd in a direct line from London to Verulam over Hamsted-heath and so by Edgworth and Ellestre near which place at the very same distance that Antoninus in his Itinerary placeth the Sulloniacae Sulloniacae to wit twelve miles from London and nine from Verulam there remain yet some marks of an ancient station and there is much rubbish digg'd up upon a hill which is now call'd Brockley-hill o But when the Roman Empire in this land expir'd and barbarism by degrees got ground whilst the Saxon wars put all things in a perpetual hurry this great road as all other things lay quite neglected for a long time until a a little before the Norman Conquest Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans repaired and restor'd it For he as we read in his life caused the great woods all along from the edge of the †Ciltria Chiltern as far as London to be cut down especially upon the King's high-way commonly call'd Watlingstreet all high and broken grounds to be levell'd bridges to be built and the ways made even for the convenience of passengers But above 300 years ago this road was again in part deserted by reason that another road was laid open thro' Highgate and Barnet by licence from the Bishop of London Barnet begins now a-days to be an eminent market for cattel but was much more so for a great battel fought there in those furious wars between the two houses of York and Lancaster in which wars England suffer'd whatever aspiring Treachery durst attempt For at d This Gledsmore is in the County of Middlesex tho' Barnet it self be in this and the battel from it commonly call'd Barnet-field Gledsmore hard by the two parties upon an Easter-day had a sharp encounter anâ— for a long time by reason of a thick Fog fought with dubious success But at last King Edw. 4. happily gained the Victory and Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick was there slain a man whom as the smiles of Fortune had render'd strangely insolent and a particular enemy to crown'd heads so by his death he freed England from those apprehensions of continu'd civil wars they had long labour'd under p 22 Barnet hath for his neighbours Mimmes a seat of the worshipful family of the Coningsbies descended to them by Frowick from the Knolles ancient possessors thereof and North-hall where Ambrose Dudley last Earl of Warwick rais'd a stately house from the Foundations Earls of Hertford This County of Hertford had Earls that were of the family of Clare and therefore more commonly were call'd Earls of Clare from Clare their principal seat in the County of Suffolk The first that I have met with was Gilbert who writes himself Earl of Hertford as a witness to a Charter of King Stephen Likewise Roger de Clare in the Red-book in the Exchequer bears the title of Earl of Hertford in the reign of Henry 2. as also his successors See the E◠〈…〉 G◠〈…〉 and iâ— Sâ—folk whom you may see in their proper places But when this family by right of inheritance as well as by their Prince's favour came to be also Earls of Glocester they bore joyntly the two titles and were summoned to Parliament by the name of Earls of Glocester and Hertford And accordingly Richard de Clare who died An. Dom. 1262. is by Matthew of Westminster expresly called Earl of Glocester and Hertford upon the recital of this his Epitaph Hic pudor Hippoliti Paridis gena sensus Ulyssis Aeneae pietas Hectoris ira jacet Here Hector 's rage Ulysses wisdom lays Hippolitus his blush and Paris face But within the memory of our fathers K. Hen. 8. honoured 23 Sir Edward Edward de St. Maur or Seymor with the title of Earl of Hertford who was afterward created also Duke of Somerset 24 By King Edward 6. to whom succeeded in this Earldom his son of the same name a person of great honour and a true friend to learning This County hath in it 120 Parishes ADDITIONS to HERTFORDSHIRE THE County of Hertford as to Vicountile Jurisdiction both before and long after the time of Edward 3. was annex'd to Essex and one Sheriff supply'd both Counties as did also one Escheator * Nord p. 5. The Justices for the greater ease both of themselves and the common people have by consent divided the whole Shire into three parts or divisions and accordingly have three several Courts for determination of lesser matters the more considerable being referr'd to the general meeting at Hertford a Notwithstanding what our Author has affirm'd of it's corn-ground pastures and meadows those who have made particular enquiries into the affairs of this County rather refer it's flourishing condition partly to the many thorow-fares to and from London which has been the cause of the improvement of their towns and partly to the healthfulness of the air which has induc'd several of the Gentry to settle in this County and given occasion to this saying
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
Ethelfleda that victorious Governess of the Mercians by surprize took it and put them to the sword In Edward the Confessor's time as it is in Domesday there were 143 Burgesses in it which number was so much lessen'd that in William the first 's reign there were only 100 remaining These at the feast of S. Martin paid twelve * trabes of corn to the King This seem to mean Thraâ—â—â— â— corn Its reputation at present proceeds from the Assizes for the County held there and from the excellent good Ale brew'd in it The beer caâ—l'd Cuâ—mi in Dâ— sâ—aridâ—s in Eâ—â— Alâ— fâ—eaâ— Dâ—â—â—sh word Oâ— a word deriv'd from the Danish Oel and not from Alica as Ruellius says The British express'd it by the old word Kwrw for which Curmi is falsly read in Dioscorides when he says that the Britanni and the Hiberi perhaps he means Hiberni drank Curmi a liquor made of barley instead of wine For this is our Barley-wine which Julian the Apostate ingeniously calls in an Epigram of his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Spicigenam Bromon not Bromium This is the ancient and peculiar drink of the English and the Britains very wholesom notwithstanding Henry of Auraunches the Norman Poet-laureat to King Henry the third plays upon it smartly in these verses Nescio quod Stygiae monstrum conforme paludi Cervisiam plerique vocant nil spissius illa Dum bibitur nil clarius est dum mingitur unde Constat quòd multas faeces in ventre relinquit Of this strange drink so like the Stygian lake Men call it Ale I know not what to make They drink it thick and piss it wondrous thin What store of dregs must needs remain within However Turnâ—b â— Wine the most learned man in France does not question but men that drink this liquor if they avoid excess will live longer than if they drank wine and that this is the cause why some among us that drink ale live to the age of an hundred years Yet Asclepiades in Plutarch ascribes this longevity to the coldness of the climate which preserves the natural heat of our bodies when he tells us of the Britains living 120 years However the wealth of this town does in a great measure depend upon a certain kind of retail-trade which is to buy corn and sell it again to the high-land countries for the town consists wholly in a manner of these sort of Merchants b Not far distant from hence the course of the river Derwent lyes through that place where Ralph de Montjoy The Barâ— Montjoy had lands in Edward the first 's reign and then it runs by Elwaston where was born Walter Blunt who was rais'd by Edward the fourth to the dignity of Baron of Montjoy 2 With a pension whose posterity have equall'd the glory of their descent and family by the ornaments of learning and particularly above the rest Charles now Earl of Devonshire Baron of Montjoy Lord-deputy of Ireland and Knight of the Garter so eminent for his virtue and learning that no one is preferable and but few comparable to him in those respects Below this place the Derwent runs into the Trent which soon after receives Erewash the boundary between this and Nottinghamshire in this part Upon this stands Riseley which belongs to the Willoughbys of whom as I have heard was that Sir Hugh Willoughby Kt. who in discovering the frozen Sea near Wardhous in Scandia was starv'd to death with his whole company Near this too stands Sandiacre or as others would have it Sainct Diacre the seat of that noble family the Greys of Sandiacre Grey of Sandiaâ—â—â— whose estate came to Edward Hilary in right of his wife his son took the name of Grey one of whose daughters and heirs some few years after was marry'd to Sir John Leak Kt. the other to John Welsh On the East-side there succeed in order to the north Codenor Câ—denor-â—â—â—e heretofore Coutenoure a castle which did belong to the Barons Greys stil'd Lords Grey of Codenor whose estate in the last age came by marriage to the Zouches for John de la Zouch the second son of William Lord de la Zouch of Haringworth â—â—ons Gâ—ey of Codner marry'd Elizabeth heiress to Henry Grey the last Lord of Codenor Winfeld a very rich manour where Ralph Lord Cromwel in the reign of Henry the sixth built a very stately house considering that age Then Alffreton Alfreton which is believ'd to have been built by King Alfred and so denominated from him It has likewise had its Lords nam'd de Alfreton from it of whom the second Robert the son of Ranulph built the little Monastery de Bello Capite commonly Beauchief in the remotest angle of this County But a few years after for default of heirs-male their estate went with two daughters to the family of the Cadurci or Chaworths and to the Lathams in the County of Lancaster Their Arms were two Cheverons as they call them Or The Arms â—f the Baâ—onâ— Alâ—â—n â—â—ely in a Shield Azure Which very Coat the Musards 3 That is to say Doubters and delayers Barons of Staveley in this County bore likewise but with different colours who in the reign of Edward the first ended in N. Musard for his eldest sister was marry'd to T. de Freschevill whose posterity remain and flourish here at this day Higher in the very edge of the County to the east upon a rough ground stands Hardwick â—ardwick which has given name to a famous family in this County from whom is descended Elizabeth the present Countess of Shrewsbury who has there laid the foundation of two stately houses almost joyning to one another which at a great distance appear very fair by reason of their high situation At present the title of this Barony is enjoy'd by William Cavendish â—â—on Caâ—â—â—dish or â—â—dâ—sh her second son who was lately advanc'd by King James to the honour of Baron Cavendish of Hardwick More inward we see Chesterfield â—heâ—terâ—â—â—ld in Scardale that is in a dale enclos'd with rocks d In the North we call rocky places Skarrs to this day and the Southern parts still retain something of this in the skar of a wound For rocks or crags were call'd Scarrs by the Saxons Both the ruins of the walls and this new name do prove it to be of antiquity but the old name of it is superannuated and quite lost 4 King John erected it into a Free-burrough and gave it to William Briewer his particular favorite and it is only mention'd in authors upon the account of a Battel between Henry the third and the Barons in which Robert de Ferrariis the last Earl of Derby of this family was taken and degraded by Act of Parliament after which he liv'd privately and his posterity have since flourish'd under the title of Barons only d Next Chesterfield to the west lyes Walton â—alton which hereditarily descended
accounts of his Steward The Castle in the late Civil wars was demolish'd by those that had purchas'd it of the Parliament with design to make money of the materials q In the utmost Northern bound is Sutton-Colefield 〈◊〉 â—olefield where the Earls of Warwick had a Chase of great extent The market is now almost wholly disused and the Bishop of Exeter mention'd by our Author liv'd and dy'd here in the 103. year of his age r Next is Coleshill â—olâ—shill where in an old foundation was lately dug up a Roman copper Coin of Trajan's and not far from it Blith â—â—â—h memorable for nothing but that it was purchas'd by Sir William Dugdale and was his place of residence when he compil'd that accurate and elaborate work his Antiquities of this County s We come next to Coventry Coventry the walls and towers whereof were demolish'd at the Restoration by command of King Charles 2. the gates only left standing by which one may guess at the strength and beauty of the former Edward 4. for their disloyalty took the Sword from the Mayor and seiz'd their Liberties and Franchises which they redeem'd for 500 marks In memory of Leofric who dy'd 13 of Edward the Confessor and Godiva his Countess their pictures were set up in the windows Trinity Church with this Inscription I Lurick for the love of thee Do set Coventry toll-free And a Procession or Cavilcade is still yearly made in memory of Godiva with a naked figure representing her riding on horse-back through the City They have a stately Cross built 33 Hen. 8. by Sir William Hollies sometime Lord Mayor of London for workmanship and beauty inferiour to few in England The City among other things is famous for the two Parliaments held in it the former in the 6 Hen. 4. call'd from the exclusion of the Lawyers Parliamentum indoctorum the latter in the 38 Hen. 6. from the Attainder of Richard Duke of York the Earls of Salisbury Warwick and March call'd by some Parliamentum Diabolicum Since our Author's time it hath afforded the title of Earl to George Villiers created Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham 18. May 21 Jac. 1. in which honours he was succeeded by his son of the same name t From Coventry let us pass to Brinklow Brinklow famous for an ancient castle †Dugd. War p. 147 It is in all probability older than the Norman Conquest otherwise our publick Records or some other Authorities would certainly have taken notice of it If we should carry it back to the times of the Romans there are several circumstances which seem to justifie such a conjecture As the Saxons very often applying their HleaÆ¿ from whence our low comes to such places as were remarkable for the Roman Tumuli that there is an eminent tumulus upon which the Keep or Watch-tower of the castle did stand that it lies upon the Roman Fosse and is at a convenient distance from the Bennones u Passing hence northward to the river Anker on the western bank thereof we find Manceter Manceter confirm'd to be the ancient Manduessedum by divers coyns of silver and brass which have been by digging and plowing frequently brought to light w In the same Parish is Oldbury Oldbury a place of great antiquity as appears by a Quadrangular Fort containing seven acres of ground In the North-part of it there have been found several flint-stones about four inches in length curiously wrought by grinding or some such way The one end is shap'd like the edge of a Pole-ax and by Sir William Dugdale they are thought to have been weapons us'd by the Britains before the art of making arms of brass and iron They must have been brought hither for some extraordinary use because there are no flints to be found within 40 miles of the place One of them is now to be seen in Ashmole's Musaeum at Oxford x On the other side of the river northward Pollesworth lies Pollesworth where Sir Francis Nethersole a Kentish Gentleman and sometime publick Orator to the University of Cambridge at the instance of his Lady built a Free-school on the front whereof is this Inscription Soli Deo Gloria Schola pauperum Puerorum Puellarum He enseoft six Gentlemen and seven Divines in as much as amounted to 140 l. per annum at the least for a liberal maintenance of a School-master and School-mistress to teach the children of the Parish And what remain'd was to be employ'd in charitable uses such as he in his life time should think fit and in default of his own actually disposing of it left it to the discretion of his Trustees He likewise he built a fair house for the Vicar of Pollesworth y Farther North is Seckinton Seckinton which as it is memorable for the battel between Aethelbald and Beornred so I may further add that it took its name from that engagement secce in Saxon signifying battel and dun which afterwards was chang'd into ton a hill Scarce a furlâ—ng north of the Church is a notable fort and near it an artificial hill of 43 foot high Continuation of the EARLS Ambrose Dudley the last Earl dying in the year 1589. Robert Lord Rich of Leeze was created Earl of Warwick 16 Jac. 1. and soon after dying was succeeded by his son and grandson both Roberts Charles brother to the latter was next Earl who dying 24 Aug. 1673. left the honour to Robert Rich Earl of Holland his Cousin-german Which Robert was succeeded in both the honours by Edward his son and heir More rare Plants growing wild in Warwickshire Though I have lived some years in this County yet have I met with no peculiar local plants growing therein the more rare and uncommon are Cyperus gramineus miliaceus Ger. Millet-Cyperus-grasse mentioned in Essex Frequent by the river Tames-sides near Tamworth and elsewhere Cyperus longus inodorus sylvestris Ger. Gramen cyperoides altissimum foliis carina serratis P. Boccone Long-rooted bastard Cyperus In boggy places by the river Tame at Dorsthill near Tamworth Equisetum nudum Ger. junceum seu nudum Park foliis nudum non ramosum s junceum C. B. Naked Horse-tail or Shave-grass This species is more rare in England We found it in a moist ditch at Middleton towards Drayton It is brought over to us from beyond Sea and employ'd by artificers for polishing of vessels handles of tools and other utensils it is so hard that it will touch iron it self I am informed by my honoured Friend Mr. John Awbrey that it is to be found in a rivulet near Broad-stitch Abbey in Wiltshire plentifully That sort which grows common with us is softer and will not shave or polish wood much less iron Juncus laevis minor panicula glomerata nigricante call'd by those of Montpellier with whom also it is found Juncus semine Lithospermi Black-headed Rush with Gromil-seed In the same places with the Cyperus longus inodorus Gramen
tho' I have long consider'd it Antiquity has so obscur'd all memorials of them that there remain not the least footsteps whereby to trace them So that tho' Justus Lipsius that great Master of polite learning takes me for a competent judge of this controversie I must ingenuously profess my ignorance and that I would rather recommend this task to any one else than assume it to my self However if the Ceangi and Cangi may be allow'd to be the same and I don't know why they may not then 't is probable that they liv'd in this County For while I was reviewing this work I heard from some credible persons that there have been twenty pieces of Lead dug up on this shore of a square oblong form and thus inscribed in the hollow of the upper part IMP. DOMIT. AVG. GER DE CEANG. But in others IMP. VESP. VII T. IMP. V. COSS. Aâ— Câ— Which seems to have been a monument rais'd upon account of some victory over the Cangi And this opinion is confirm'd by the situation of the place upon the Irish Sea An 〈◊〉 for Tacitus in the twelfth Book of his Annals writes That in Nero's time Ostorius led an Army against the Cangi by which the fields were wasted and the spoil every where carried off the enemy not daring to engage but only at an advantage to attack our rear and even then they suffer'd for their attempt They were now advanc'd almost as far as that Sea towards Ireland when a mutiny among the Brigantes brought back the General again But from the former Inscription it seems they were not subdued before Domitian's time and consequently by Chronological computation it must be when Julius Agricola that excellent Souldier was Propraetor here Moreover Ptolemy places the Promontorium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 on this coast Neither dare I look in any other part beside this Country for the Garrison of the Conganii where Coâ—â—â— towards the decline of the Empire a Band of Vigiles with their Captain under the Dux Britanniae kept watch and ward But I leave every man to his own judgment As for the Earls of Chester Eaâ—â—s â— Cheâ—â—â— to omit the Saxons who held this Earldom barely as an office and not as an inheritance William the Conquerour made Hugh sirnam'd Lupus son to the Viscount de Auranches in Normandy the first hereditary Earl of Chester and Count Palatine giving unto him and his heirs this whole County h See Ordericus Vitalis's Ecclesiastical History l. 4. p. 509. where Chester is given to Reger of Montgomery to hold as freely by his sword as he did England by his crown these are the very words of the Feoffment Baron Chestâ—â— Hereupon the Earl presently substituted these following Barons Nigell now Niel Baron of Haulton whose posterity took the name Lacey from the estate of the Laceys which fell to them and were Earls of Lincoln Robert Baron de Mont-hault Seneschal or Steward of the County of Chester the last of which family dying without children made Isabel Queen of England and John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall his heirs William de Malbedenge Baron of Malbanc whose great grand-daughters transferred this inheritance by their marriages to the Vernons and Bassets Richard Vernon Baron of Sipbroke whose estate for want of heirs male came by the sisters to the Wilburhams Staffords and Littleburys Robert Fitz-Hugh Baron of Malpas who as I have observ'd already seems to have died without issue Hammon de Mascy whose estate descended to the Fittons de Bolin Gilbert Venables Baron of Kinderton whose Posterity remain and flourish in a direct line to this present age N. Baron of Stockport to whom the Warrens of Poynton descended from the noble family of the Earls of Warren and Surrey in right of marriage succeeded And these are all the Barons I could hitherto find belonging to the Earls of Chester Who as 't is set down in an old book had their free Courts for all Pleas and Suits except those belonging to the Earl's sword They were besides to be the Earl's Counsel to attend him and to frequent his Court for the honour and greater grandeur of it and as we find it in an old Parchment they were bound in times of war with the Welsh to find for every Knight's fee one Horse and Furniture or two without Furniture within the Divisions of Cheshire and that their Knights and Freeholders should have Corslets and 〈…〉 Haubergeons and defend their own Fees with their own Bodies 〈…〉 Hugh the first Earl of Chester already spoken of was succeeded by his son Richard who together with William only son of Henry the first with others of the Nobility was cast away between England and Normandy An. 1120. He dying without issue Ranulph de Meschines was the third in this dignity being sister's son to Hugh the first Earl He dying left a son Ranulph sirnam'd de Gernoniis the fourth Earl of Chester a stout Souldier who at the Siege of Lincoln took King Stephen prisoner His son Hugh sirnam'd Kevelioc was the fifth Earl who dy'd An. 1181. leaving his son Ranulph sirnam'd de Blundevill the sixth in that dignity who built Chartley and Beeston-castles founded the Abbey de-la-Cress and died without issue leaving four sisters to inherit Mawd the wife of David Earl of Huntingdon Mabil the wife of William de Albeney Earl of Arundel Agnes wife of William de Ferrars Earl of Derby and lastly Avis wife of Robert de Quincy The next Eâ—rl of this County was John sirnam'd Scotus the son of Earl David by the eldest sister Mawd aforesaid He dying likewise without issue King Henry the third bribed with the prospect of so fair an Inheritance annexed it to the Crown allowing the sisters of John other Revenues for their Fortunes not being willing as he was wont to say that such a vast estate should be parcelled among Distaffs The Kings themselves when this County devolved upon them J. Tillus maintain'd their ancient Palatine Prerogatives and held their Courts as the Kings of France did in the Counties of Champain that the Honour of the Palatinate might not be extinguished by difuse An Honour which afterwards was conferred upon the eldest sons of the Kings of England and first granted to Edward the son of Henry the third who being taken prisoner by the Barons parted with it as ransom for his Liberty to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester who being cut off soon after it quickly returned to the Crown and Edward the second made his eldest son Earl of Chester and Flint and under these titles summon'd him when but a Child to Parliament Afterwards Richard the second by Act of Parliament raised this Earldom to a Principality and annexed to it the Castle of Leon with the Territories of Bromfield and Yale and likewise the Castle of Chirk with Chirkland and the Castle of Oswalds-street with the Hundred and eleven Towns appertaining to the said Castle with the Castles of
Isabella and Delaley and other large Possessions which by the Outlawry of Richard Earl of Arundel were then forfeited to the Crown Richard himself was styl'd Princeps Cestriae Prince of Chester But this title was but of small duration no longer than till Henry the fourth repeal'd the Laws of the said Parliament for then it became a County Palatine again and retains that Prerogative to this day which is administred by a Chamberlain 11 Who hath all jurisdiction of a Chancellour within the said County Palatine a Judge Special 12 For matters in Common-Plees and Plees of the Crown to be heard and determin'd in the said County two Barons of the Exchequer three Serjeants at Law a Sheriff an Attorney an Escheator 13 And the Inhabitants of the said County for the enjoying of their Liberties were to pay at the change of every owner of the said Earldom a sum of money about 3000 marks by the name of a Mize as the County of Flint being a parcel thereof about 2000 marks if I have not been misinform'd c. We have now survey'd the Country of the Cornavii who together with the Coritani Dobuni and Catuellani made one entire Kingdom in the Saxon Heptarchy then called by them Myrcna-ric and Mearc-lond but render'd by the Latins Meâ—cia from a Saxon word Mearc which signifies limit for the other Kingdoms border'd upon this This was by far the largest Kingdom of them all begun by Crida the Saxon about the year 586. and enlarg'd on all hands by Penda and a littlâ— after under Peada converted to Christianity But after a duration of 250 years it was too late subjected to the Dominion of the West-Saxons when it had long endured all the outrage and misery that the Danish wars could inflict upon it This County has about 68 Parishes ADDITIONS to CHESHIRE AS the County of Chester exceeds most others in the antiquitâ— and Royalty of it's jurisdiction and multitude of it's ancient Gentry so the famous Colony settled in it under the Roman Government has render'd it very considerable for Antiquities Nor had that Subject wanted a due examination or the remains of Antiquity layn so long undiscover'd if most of it's Historians had not been led away with a chain of groundless stories and extravagant conjectures 'T is true Sir Peter Leicester has made due searches into the Records relating to this County especially to Bucklow-Hundred and reported them with great exactness and fidelity but the Roman affairs he has left so entirely untouch'd that 't is plain he either industriously declin'd them as foreign to his business or wanted experience to carry him through that part of history In like manner Sir John Doderidge a man of great learning in his Treatise concerning this County hath exactly stated the ancient and present revenues thereof but was not so diligent in his enquiries concerning the original of the County Palatine as might from a man of his Profession have been reasonably expected However his defect in this point is in a great measure supply'd by what the learned Mr. Harrington has left upon that subject a Gentleman by whose death Learning in general and particularly the Antiquities of this County which he had design'd to illustrate and improve have suffer'd very much a To begin then with Mr. Camden who first observes that this is a County Palatine County Palatine It may be worth our notice that it had this additional title upon the coming over of the Normans At first indeed William the Conquerour gave this Province to Gherbord a Nobleman of Flanders who had only the same title and power as the Officiary Earls amongst the Saxons had enjoy'd the inheritance the Earldom and grandeur of the Tenure being not yet settl'd Afterwards Hugh Lupus son of the Viscount of Auranches a Nephew of William the Conquerour by his sister receiv'd this Earldom from the Conquerour under the greatest and most honourable Tenure that ever was granted to a Subject Totum hunc dedit Comitatum tenendum sibi haeredibus suis ita liberè ad gladium sicut ipse Rex tenebat Angliae coronam The vast extent of the Powers convey'd in this Grant carry'd in them Palatine jurisdiction tho' it is certain that neither Hugh Lupus nor any of his successors were in the Grant it self or any ancient Records stil'd Comites Palatini As to the original of Palatinates in general it is clear that anciently in the decline of the Roman Empire the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the name imports were only officers of the Courts of Princes The term in process of time was restrain'd to those who had the final deteâ—mination of Causes under the King or Emperour And those that exercis d this sovereignty of jurisdiction in any Precinct or Province were call'd Comites Palatini and the place where the jurisdiction was us'd Palatinatus a Palatinate Instances of such personal offices in the Court we may still observe in the Palatine of Hungary and examples of such local authority we have in the Palatinates of the Rhine Durham and Lancaster Whether therefore the ancient Palatines were equal to the Praefecti Praetorio the Curopalatae the Grand Maistres in France or the ancient Chief Justices in England we need not dispute since it is clear that the Comites Palatini as all new-erected Officers titles retain'd many of the powers of the ancient but still had many characters of difference as well as some of resemblance By virtue of this Grant Chester enjoy'd all sovereign jurisdiction within its own precincts and that in so high a degree that the ancient Earls had Parliaments consisting of their own Barons and Tenants and were not oblig'd by the English Acts of Parliament These high and unaccountable jurisdictions were thought necessary upon the Marches and Borders of the Kingdom as investing the Governour of the Provinces with Dictatorial power and enabling them more effectually to subdue the common enemies of the Nation But when the same power that was formerly a good bar against Invaders grew formidable to the Kings themselves Henry 8. restrain'd the sovereignty of the Palatinates and made them not only subordinate to but dependent on the Crown of England And yet after that restraining Statute all Pleas of Lands and Tenements all Contracts arising within this County are and ought to be judicially heard and determin'd within this Shire and not elsewhere and if any determination be made out of it it is void and coram non judice except in cases of Error Foreign-Plea and Foreign Voucher And there is no other crime but Treason that can draw an inhabitant of this County to a Tryal elsewhere This jurisdiction tho' held now in other Counties was most anciently claim'd and enjoy'd by this County of Chester The Palatinate of Lancaster which was the Favourite-Province of the Kings of that House was erected under Edw. 1. and granted by him to Henry the first Duke of Lancaster and even in the Act of
title of Aber Gavenni upon which the majority of voices gave it the heir-male And when he had again proposed Whether the title of Baron Le Despenser Baroness le Despenser should be conferr'd on the female and her heirs they unanimously agreed to it to which his Majesty gave his Royal Assent And Edward Nevil was soon after summon'd to Parliament by the King 's Writ under the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni And being according to the usual ceremony introduc'd in his Parliament-Robe between two Barons he was placed above the Baron de Audeley At the same time also the King's Patent was read before the Peers whereby his Majesty restored rais'd preferred c. Mary Fane to the state degree title stile name honour and dignity of Baroness le Despenser Baroness le Despenser and that her heirs successively should be Barens le Despenser c. But the question of precedency being proposed the Peers referr'd the decision thereof to the Commissioners for the office of Earl Marshal of England who signâ—d their Verdict for the Barony of le Despenser This was read before the Peers and by their order register'd in the Parliament Diary out of which I have taken this account in short What ought not to be omitted is that John Hastings held this Castle by homage ward and marriage 6 Edw. 2. When it happens as we read in the Inquisition and if there should chance any war between the King of England and Prince of Wales he ought to defend the Country of Over-went at his own charges to the utmost of his power for the good of himself the King and Kingdom The second town call'd by Antoninus Burrium Burrium who places it 12 miles from Gobannium is seated where the river Byrdhin falls into Usk. 'T is call'd now in British by a transposition of letters Brynbiga for Burenbegi and also Kaer-ŵysk by Giraldus Castrum Oskae and in English Usk. Usk. It shews now only the ruins of a large strong Castle pleasantly seated between the river Usk and Oilwy a small brook which takes its course from the east by Ragland a stately castle-like house of the Earl of Worcester's and passes under it The third City call'd by Antoninus Isca Isca and Legio secunda seated on the other side of the river Usk and distant as he observes exactly 12 Italian miles from Burrium is câ—ll'd by the Britains Kaer Lheion and Kaer Lheion ar ŵysk Kaer Lheion ar Wysk which signifies the City of the Legion on the river Usk from the Legio Secunda Augusta called also Britannica secunda This Legion instituted by Augustus and translated out of Germany into Britain by Claudius under the conduct of Vespasian to whom upon his aspiring to the Empire it prov'd serviceable and also secur'd him the British Legions was placed here at length by Julius Frontinus as seems probable in garrison against the Silures How great a City this Isca was at that time our Giraldus informs us in his Itinerary of Wales A very ancient city this was saith he and enjoy'd honourable privileges elegantly built by the Romans with * The câ—â—cuit â—f 〈◊〉 walls aâ—â— 3 miles Enderoy brick walls There are yet remaining many footsteps of its ancient splendour stately palaces which formerly with their gilded Tiles emulated the Roman grandeur for that it was at first built by the Roman nobility and adorn'd with sumptuous edifices an exceeding high tower remarkable hot †An. 16â—â— hot baâ—â—s were dâ—â—â—ver'd 〈◊〉 S. Julâ—aâ— the brâ—â—â— equilateâ—â—ly squâ—â—â— about 〈◊〉 inch tâ—â— like thâ—â— at S. Aâ—â—â—â— Mr. Aâ—â—â— baths ruins of ancient temples theatrical places encompass'd with stately walls which are partly yet standing Subterraneous edifices are frequently met with not only within the walls but also in the suburbs aqueducts vaults and which is well worth our observation Hypocausts or stoves contriv'd with admirable artifice conveying heat insensibly through some very narrow vents on the sides Two very eminent and next to St. Alban and Amphibalus the chief Protomartyrs of Britannia major lye entombed here where they were crown'd with martyrdom viz. Julius and Aaron who had also Churches dedicated to them in this City For in ancient times there were three noble Churches here One of Julius the Martyr grac'd with a Quire of Nuns devoted to God's service another dedicated to St. Aaron his companion ennobled with an excellent order of Canons and the third honour'd with the Metropolitan See of Wales Amphibalus also teacher of St. Alban who sincerely instructed him in the Faith was born here This City is excellently well seated on the navigable river Usk and beautified with meadows and woods Here the Roman Embassadors received their audience at the illustrious court of that great King Arthur And here also the Archbishop Dubricius resign'd that honour to David of Menevia by translating the Archiepiscopal See from this City thither Thus far Giraldus But in confirmation of the antiquity of this place I have taken care to add some ancient Inscriptions lately dug up there and communicated to me by the right reverend Father in God Francis Godwin Lord Bishop of Landaff a lover of venerable antiquity and all other good literature In the year 1602. some labourers digging in a meadow adjoyning found on a checquer'd pavement a statue of a person in a short-truss'd habit with a Quiver and Arrows the head hands and feet broken off and also the fragment of an Altar with this Inscription of fair large characters about three inches long erected by Haterianus Lieutenant-General of Augustus and Propraetor of the Province of Cilicia 〈…〉 HATERIANVS LEG AVG PR PR PROVINC CILIC The next year was discover'd also this Inscription which shews the Statue before mention'd to have been of the Goddess Diana and that Titus Flavius Posthumius Varus perhaps of the fifth Cohort of the second Legion had repair'd her Temple a Id est Titus Flavius Postumius Varus quintae Cohortis Legionis Secundae Augustae Templum Dianae restituit T. FL. POSTVMIVS VARVS V. C. LEG TEMPL DIANAE RESTITVIT Also this votive Altar out of which the name of the Emperour * Geta seems to have been rased when he was deposed by his brother Antoninus Bassianus â—â—e Phil. â—â—ns 〈◊〉 1â—5 and declared an enemy yet so as there are some shadows of the Letters still remaining b Id est Pro salute Augustorum nostrorum Severi Antonini Getae Caesarum Publius Saltienus Publii filius Maecia Thalamus ex hac gente aut tribu nempe Publ. Saltienus ortus est Praefectus Legionis secundae Augustae C. Vampeiano Luciliano Consulibus PRO SALVTE In printed Copies Claudius Pompeianus and Lollianus Avitus Coss An. Chr. 210. AVGG N. N. SEVERI ET ANTONINI ET GETAE CAES. P. SALTIENVS P. F. MAECIA THALAMVS HADRI PRAEF LEG II. AVG. C. VAMPEIANO ET LVCILIAN And this fragment of a very fair Altar the Inscription whereof might perhaps be thus supplied
saith he so call'd from the famous Monastery that was once there lyes situate in Maelor Seising or Bromfield not far from Kaer Lheion or West-chester Both Town and Monastery hath so felt the injuries of time that at this day there are hardly any ruins of them remaining For we find now only a small Village of the name and no footsteps of the old City except the rubbish of the two principal Gates Porth Kleis and Porth Wgan the former looking towards England and the latter towards Wales They are about a mile distant from each other whence we may conjecture the extent of the City which lay between these two Gates the river Dee running through the midst of it The old British Triades tell us that in the time of the British Kings there were in the Monastery of Bangor 2400 Monks who in their turns viz. a hundred each hour of the 24 read Prayers and sung Psalms continually so that Divine Service was perform'd day and night without intermission c. ¶ It remains now that we make some mention of that remarkable Monument or carv'd Pillar on Mostyn-mountain Maen y Chwyvan represented in the Plate by the first and second figures It stands on the evenest part of the mountain and is in height eleven foot and three inches above the Pedestal two foot and four inches broad and eleven inches thick The Pedestal is five foot long four and a half in breadth and about fourteen inches thick and the Monument being let thorow it reaches about five inches below the bottom so that the whole length of it is about thirteen foot The first figure represents the East-side and that edge which looks to the South and the second the Western-side with the North-edge tho' the Sculptures on these edges are grav'd as if they were no part of the stone When this Monument was erected or by what Nation I must leave to farther enquiry however I thought it not amiss to publish these draughts of it as supposing there may be more of the same kind in some parts of Britain or Ireland or else in other Countries which being compar'd with this it might perhaps appear what Nations used them and upon what occasions Dr. Plot in his History of Staffordshire gives us the draughts of a Monument or two which agree very well with it in the chequer'd carving and might therefore possibly belong to the same Nation ‖ Plot 's Nat. Hist of Staffordshire p. 404. 432. Those he concludes to have been erected by the Danes for that there is another very like them at Beau-Castle in Cumberland inscrib'd with Runick Characters which is presum'd to have been a Funeral Monument * Phil. Transact Num. 178. But the Characters on the East-side of ours seem nothing like the Runic or any other letters I have seen but resemble rather the numeral figures 1221. tho' I confess I am so little satisfied with the meaning of them that I know not whether they were ever intended to be significative Within a furlong or less of this Monument there is an artificial Mount or Barrow whereof there are also about twenty more in this neighbourhood call'd y Gorsedheu where there have been formerly a great many carcases and skulls discover'd some of which were cut and one or two particularly had round holes in them as if pierced with an arrow upon which account this pillar has been suspected for a Monument of some signal victory and the rather for that upon digging five or six foot under it no bones were discover'd nor any thing else that might give occasion to suspect it Sepulchral This monumental Pillar is call'd Maen y Chwyvan a name no less obscure than the History of it for tho' the former word signifies a Stone yet no man understands the meaning of Chwyvan Were it Gwyvan I should conclude it corrupted from Gwŷdhvaen i.e. the high Pillar but seeing 't is written Maen y Chufan in an old Deed bearing date 1388. which scarce differs in pronunciation from Chwyvan I dare not acquiesce in that Etymology tho' at present I can think of none more probable PRINCES of WALES AS for the ancient Princes of Wales of British extraction I refer the Reader to the Annals of Wales already publish'd but for the later Princes of the Royal line of England it seems pertinent to our design that we add here a short account of them Edward the first to whom during his minority his father Henry the third had granted the Principality of Wales having when Lhewelyn ap Grufydh the last Prince of the British blood was slain cut off in a manner the sinews of the Government or sovereignty of that Nation united the same to the Kingdom of England in the 12th year of his reign and the whole Province swore fealty and allegiance to his son Edward of Caernarvon whom he constituted Prince of Wales But this Edward the second conferr'd not the title of Prince of Wales on his son Edward but only the honour of Earl of Chester and Flint as far as I could yet learn out of the records of the Kingdom 1 And by that title summon'd him to Parliament being then nine years old Edward the third first solemnly invested his son Edward sirnam'd the Black with this title 2 With a Cap of Estate and a Coronet set on his head a gold Ring put upon his finger and a ‖ Afterward a golden Verge was used silver Verge deliver'd into his hand with the assent of Parliament who in the very height of grandeur died an untimely death After that he conferr'd the same on his son Richard of Bourdeaux heir to the crown who being depriv'd of his Kingdom by K. Hen. 4. died miserably leaving no issue The same Henry the fourth 3 At the formal request of the Lords and Commons conferr'd the Principality of Wales on his eldest son who was that renowned Prince Henry the fifth His son Henry the sixth whose father died whilst he was an infant conferr'd that honour which he never receiv'd himself on his young son Edward who being taken in the battel of Tewkesbury had his brains dash'd out cruelly by the York-Party Not long after K. Edward the fourth being settl'd in the throne created his young son Edward afterwards Edward the fifth Prince of Wales And soon after his Uncle Richard having dispatch'd him away substituted in his place his own son Edward created Earl of Salisbury before by Edward the fourth but died soon after which I have but lately discover'd Afterwards Henry the seventh constituted first his son Arthur Prince of Wales and after his decease Henry famous afterwards under the title of Henry the 8. On all these the Principality of Wales was conferr'd by solemn Investiture and a Patent deliver'd them in these words Tenendus sibi haeredibus Regibus Angliae c. For in those times the Kings would not deprive themselves of so fair an opportunity of obliging their eldest sons but
and strongly founded upon a rock and not only fortified but beautified with many out-works It was built by Hildebert Lacy a Norman 〈◊〉 to whom William the Conquerour gave this town and the grounds about it after he had dispossest Aâ—ric a Saxon. 〈…〉 But Henry Lacy his Nephew as the Plâ—adings of those times tell us being in the battel of Trenchbrey against Henry 1. was disseised of his Barony of Pontfract and thâ—n the King gave the honour to Wido de Laval who held it till King Stephen's time when Henry de Lacy re-entred upon the said Barony and by the Kâ—ng's intercession the difference was adjusted with Wido for 150 l. This Henry had a son Robert who died without issue leaving Albreda Lisours 〈…〉 his sister by the mother's side his heir for there was no one else so nearly related to him so that by the decease of Robert both the inheritances that of the Lacies by her brother and that of the Lisours by her father descended to her This is word for word out of the Register of Stanlow Monastery She was then married to Richard Fitz-Eustach or the son of Eustachius Constable of Chester whose posterity have took the name of Lacy and have â—â—en honoured with the Earldom of Lincoln The â—ast daughter of this family conveyed this fair inheritance * 〈…〉 by a short Deed to the Earls of Lancaster who have enlarged the Castle very much it was afterwards repaired at great expence by Queen Elizabeth who began a fine Chapel here The Castle has been fatal to great men it was first stain'd with the blood of Thomas Earl of Lancaster 6 The first of the Lancastrian-house that in right of his wife possessed it stained and embrued the same with his own blood Thâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Lanâ—â—â—â— who held it in right of his wife and was the first of this family that own'd it He was justly beheaded here by King Edward 2. for fomenting those plots and rebellions which embroiled the Kingdom however he was afterwards Sainted by the people Here also King Richard 2. deposed by Henry 4. was barbarously destroyed with hunger cold and other unheard-of torments Here Anthony Earl Rivers Uncle to Edward 5. and Sir Richard Grey Knight brother by the mothers-side to the said King Edward were both murder'd notwithstanding their innocence by King Richard 3. For this tyrant was suspicious that men of such spirits and honour as these were might check his designs of tyranny and absolute power As for the Abbey founded here by the Lacies and the Hospital by the bounty of 7 Sir Robert R. Knolles I industâ—iously omit them because the very ruins of them are hardly in being From Legeolium we pass by Shirborn w a populous small town which takes that name from the clearness of the little river there and was given by Athelstan to the Archbishops of York x and so travel on upon a Roman way very high rais'd to Aberford Abeâ—â—â—â— a little town situated just by that way famous for its art of pin-making those here made being in particular request among the Ladies Under the town lies the course of the river Cock or as 't is in books Cokarus Between it and the town theâ—e is the foundation of an old Castle Caâ—â—â— which they call Castle-Cary still visible About two miles from hence where the Cock springs stands Berwick in Elmet Berwâ—â— Eâ—â—â—â— which is said to have been the royal seat of the Kings of Northumberland It has been walled round as the rubbish it self shews Heâ—â—â—â— On the other side stands Hessellwood the chief seat of that particularly famous and ancient family the Vavasors Vaâ—â—â— or Vâ—â—â—â—â— who take that name from their Office being formerly the King 's Valvasors and towards the end of Edward the first 's reign we find by the Writs of Summons of those times that 8 Sir William William Vavasor was summoned to Parliament among the other Barons of this Kingdom y Under the town is the remarkable Quarry called Petres-Post Pâ—â—â—â— because the stately Church at York dedicated to St. Peter was built with the stones hewed out there by the bounty of the Vavasors From Aberford the Cock runs somewhat slow to the river Wherf as if it were melancholy and detested Civil wars ever since it flowed with that English blood which was formerly shed here For upon the very bank of this river 〈…〉 not far from Towton a small country village was truly the English Pharsalia Here was the greatest fight of Nobility and Gentry and the strongest army that ever was seen in England no fewer than an hundred thousand fighting men on each side who under the conduct of two daring and furious Captains engaged here upon Palm-Sunday in the year 1461. The Victory continued wavering for a long time but at last the Lancastrians proved the weakest even by their being too strong For their number proved cumbersome and unweildy which first caused disorder and then flight The York-party gave the chase briskly which together with the fight was so bloody that no less than 35000 English were cut off and amongst them a great many of the Nobility Somewhat below this place â—one-â—â—y near Shirburn at a village called Huddleston there is a noble Quarry out of which when the stones are first cut they are very soft but by being in the air they presently consolidate and harden 9 But to return Coc making no long course sheadeth himself into Wherf Out of the foot of Craven-hills springs the river Wherf or Wharf â—erf riv in Saxon Guerf the course of which for a long way keeps at an equal distance from the Are. If any one would derive the name of it from a British word Guer swift the nature of the river will favour him for it's course is swift and violent fretful and angry as it were at those stones which obstruct it's passage and so rolls them along very strangely especially when it swells by a wet winter However it is dangerous and rapid even in the summer time as I am sensible by experience who in my travels this way run no small risk in passing it For it has either such slippery stones that a horse's foot cannot fix on them or else the current it self is so strong that it drives them from under his feet Tho' the course of it be long no less than fifty miles computing from the first rise to its joyning the Ouse yet there are no considerable towns upon it It runs down by Kilnesey-Cragge the highest and the steepest that ever I saw â—â—y 〈◊〉 to Burnsall where Sir William Craven Alderman of London was born and is now building a stone bridge as he has lately out of a pious concern for the good of his Country founded a Free-school hard by y then to Barden-towre a little tower belonging to the Earls of Cumberland noted for the good hunting thereabouts then to Bolton where stood
Fâ—â—conberg Lucie married to Marmaduke de Thwenge from whom the Baron Lumley is descended Margaret married to Robert de Roos and Laderina married to John de Bella-aqua men of great honour and repute in that age The Posterity of Walter de Falconberg flourish'd a long time but at last the estate fell by a female to 2 Sir William William Nevil famous for his valour and honour'd with the title of Earl of Kent by King Edward the fourth His daughters were married to J. Coigniers N. Bedhowing and R. Strangwayes Near Hunt-cliff on the shore when the tide is out the rocks shoot out pretty high and upon these your Sea-calves which we contractedly name Seales as some think for Sea-veals or Sea-calves lodge in great droves and there sleep and sun themselves Upon one of the rocks nearest to the shore some one of these stands centry as it were and when any body comes near he either pushes down a stone or casts himself upon the water with great noise to alarm the rest that they may provide for themselves and get into the water Their greatest fear is of men if they are pursued by them and want water they commonly keep them off by casting up sand and gravel with their hinder feet They are not in such awe of women so that those men that would take them disguise themselves in their habit Here are found on this Coast yellowish and reddish stones some rusted over with a brinish substance which by their smell and taste resemble Coperas Nitre and Brimstone and also great store of Pyrites like brass in colour Near at Huntly Nabb the shore which for a long way together has lain open now riseth high with craggs and up and down at the bottoms of the rocks lye stones of several sizes so exactly form'd round by nature that one would think them bullets cast by some Artist for the great Guns If you break them you find within Stony-serpents wreath'd up in Circles but generally without heads Hence we come in view of Wilton-castle â—â—â—ton formerly belonging to the Bulmers Higher up at Dobham the river Tees flows into the Sea having first receiv'd many small rivulets the last of which is a nameless one entring it near Yarum â—â—â—um known for its market and washes Stokesley â—â—â—kesley a small market-town likewise which hath been long in the hands of the famous family de Eure. Below these â—â—â—â—lton stands Wharlton-castle which formerly belonged to the Barons Meinill and Harlsey to the family of Hothom but afterwards to the Strangwayes both of them old and ruinous The mouth of the Tees I spoke of was hardly trusted by Mariners heretofore but now it is found to be a safe Harbour and to direct the entrance there were Light-houses made upon both sides of it within the memory of this age Four miles from the mouth of this river Gisburgh stands upon a rising ground at present a small town while it was in its prime it was very much graced by a beautiful and rich Monastery built about the year 1119. by Robert de Brus Lord of the town It has been the common burial-place for all the Nobility of these parts and has produced Walter de Hemingford no unlearned Historian The place is really fine and may for pleasantness a curious variety and the natural advantages of it compare with Puteoli in Italy and then for a healthful and agreeable situation it certainly far surpasses it The coldness of the air which the sea occasions is qualified and broken by the hills between the soil is fruitful and produces grass and fine flowers a great part of the year it richly abounds with veins of metal and Alum-earth of several colours but especially with those of ocher and murray from which they now begin to extract the best sort of Alum and Coperas in great plenty This was first discover'd a few years since by the admirable sagacity of that learned Naturalist Sir Thomas Chaloner Kt. to whose tuition his present Majesty has committed the delight and glory of Britain his son Prince Henry by observing that the leaves of trees were ‖ 〈◊〉 is â—rere of a more wealky sort of Green here than in other places that the oaks shot forth their roots very broad but not deep and that these had much strength but little sap in them that the soil was a white clay speckled with several colours namely white yellowish and blue that it never fâ—oze and that in a pretty clear night it shin d and sparkl'd like glass upon the road-side h Next Ounesbery-Topping a steep mountain and all over green riseth so high that it appears at a great distance and it is the land-mark that directs sailers and a prognostick to the neighbours hereabouts For when it's top begins to be darken'd with clouds rain generally follows 3 Whereupon they have a pâ—overbial ‑ Rhime When Rosebery Topping wears a Cap Let Cliveland then beware of a Clap. Near the top of it a fountain issues from a great stone very good for sore eyes And from hence the valleys round it the grassy hills green meadows rich pastures fruitful corn-fields fishy rivers and the creeky mouth of the Tees low and open shores yet free from inundation and the sea with the ships in it render the prospect very delicate Beneath this stands Kildale a Castle belonging to the Percies Earls of Northumberland and more to the eastward Danby which from Brus by the Thwengs came to the Barons Latimer from whose heir are descended the Willoughbies Barons Broke But this Danby among other estates was sold to the Nevils of whom George Nevil was summon'd among the Barons to Parliament by Henry 6. under the title of Lord Latimer Barons Latimer in whose posterity that dignity remain'd to our age i I have nothing now to observe here The History of Câ—nterbury but that the Baron de Meinill held some lands in this County of the Archbishops of Canterbury and that the Coigniers and Strangwaies 4 And â—aâ—cks â—â—scended c. with some others descended from them are obliged to be attendant and to pay certain military services to the Archbishops for the same Praerogativ Reg. 1â— Edw. 2. Wardship And whereas the King of England by his prerogative these are the very words of it shall have the Wardship of all the lands of them that hold of him in chief by Knights service of which themselves as tenants have been seised in their demesne as of fee at the time of their decease of whomsoever they held by the like service so that themselves notwithstanding hold of the King any tenement of the ancient demesne of the crown till such time as the heir has come to years Yet these fees are excepted and others of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Durham 5 â—etween Tine and Tâ—es so that they shall have the wardship of such lands tho'
of Parliament annex'd a very great estate to this Dutchy which had fall'n to him in right of his mother 13 Dame Mary who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford And in this state and condition it remain'd from that time saving that Edward the fourth in the first of his reign when he had attainted Henry the sixth in Parliament for Treason appropriated it as they term it to the Crown that is to say to him and his heirs Kings of England However Henry the seventh soon broke this entail and so at this day it has its particular Officers namely a Chancellor Attorney Receiver Clerk of the Court six Assessors a Messenger two Auditors three and twenty Receivers and three Supervisors There are reckon'd in this Shire besides several Chapels only 36 Parishes but those very populous and such as for number of Parishioners far exceed the greatest Parishes anywhere else ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE a THo' Lancaster has given the name to this County yet Manchester â—â—â—â—â—eâ—â—er whether one consider Antiquity number of inhabitants or growth seems to be more considerable And yet for all that it is neither a Corporation nor does it send Burgesses to Parliament tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the best trade of any one in the north of England It is water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell but there is no such river about it as Spolden upon which the late Historical and Geographical Dictionary has falsly plac'd it as it hath also it's distance from London which is really 147 miles The Fustian-Manufacture call'd Manchester-Cottons still continues there and is of late very much improv'd by some modern inventions of dying and printing and this with the great variety of other manufactures known by the name of Manchester-Wares renders not only the town it self but also the parish about it rich populous and industrious Sixty years ago there were computed near 2 000 Communicants in the town and Parish since which time the inhabitants are much more numerous proportionable to the increase of trade The Collegiate Church which was built in the year 1422. is a very large beautiful and stately edifice and the Quire is particularly remarkable for it's neat and curious carv d work It is likewise beautify'd with three remarkable Foundations a College a Hospital and a Publick School the following account whereof we owe to the worthy Warden of this place The College was first founded A. D. 1421. by Thomas De la Ware at first Rector of the said Parish-Church and brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in the estate and honour and then founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper eight Fellow-Chaplains four Clerks and six Choristers in honour of St. Mary to whom the said Parish-Church was formerly dedicated St. Dennis of France and St. George of England This foundation was dissolved 1547. in the first year of King Edward 6. the lands and revenues of it taken into the King's hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the College-house and some lands sold to the said Eaâ—l The College was re-founded by Queen Mary who restored most of the lands and revenues only the College it self and some of its revenues remain'd still in the hands of the Earl of Derby It was also founded a-new by Queen Elizabeth A. D. 1578. by the name of Christ's College in Manchester consisting of one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing-men and four Choristers the number being lessen'd because the revenues were so chieflâ— by the covetousness and false-dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away or made such long leases of the revenues as could never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all re-founded by King Charles 1. A. D. 1636 constituting therein one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing men and four Choiristers and incorporating them by the name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statutes for the same being drawn up by Archbishop Laud. The Hospital was founded by Humphrey Cheetham Esquire and incorporated by King Charles 2. designed by the said bountiful Benefactor for the maintâ—nance of 40 poor boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other neighbouring Parishes But since 't is enlarged to the number of 60 by the Governours of the said Hospital to be taken in between the age of 6 and 10 and there maintained with meat drink lodging and cloaths to the age of 14 and then to be bound Apprentices to some honest trade or calling at the charge of the said Hospital For the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the yearly revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the yearly sum of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchace of lands the sum of 1825 l. which was saved out of the yearly income over and above the maintenance of the poor children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near 70 persons provided for Within the Hospital and by the bounty of the said Founder is also erected a very fair and spacious Library already furnished with a competent stock of choice and valuable books to the number of near 4000 and daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per an setled upon the same by the said worthy benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a competent salary for a Library-keeper Theâ—e is also a large School for the Hospital-boys where they are daily instructed and taught to write and read The Publick School was founded A. D. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in lease of the Lord De la Ware for 60 years Afterwards with the Bishop's money Hugh Bexwick and Joan his sister purchased of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in Ancoates and the Mills upon lâ—k and left them in Feoffment to the said Free school for ever Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvements have as well considerably augmented the Masters salaries as the Exhibitions annually allowed to the maintenance of such scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the high Master shall think requisite and have besides for some years past added a third Master for whom they have lately erected a new and convenient School at the end of the other Besides these publick Benefactions and Endowments there have been several other considerable sums of money and annual revenues left and bequeathed to the Poor of the said Town who are thereby with the kindness and Charity of the present inhabitants competently provided for without starving at home or being forced to seek relief abroad The Town gives title to an honourable family Henry Mountague being
head of James that heroick Earl of Derby cut off at Bolton in this County October 15. 1651. by the prevailing power of the Parliament Near Lathom-park in the grounds of the Earl of Derby there is a mineral-water or spaw as deeply impregnated with the Iron and Vitriol minerals as any either in this County or Yorkshire The want of convenient Lodging and other accommodations make it less frequentâ—d but 't is certain it has done some notable cures one particularly which an ingenious Gentleman of this County affirms upon his own certain knowledge to have been one of the greatest and quickest that ever he knew done by any such water i In Haigh Hâ—igh near Wiggin in the grounds of Sir Roger Bradshaigh there are very plentiful and profitable mines of an extraordinary Coal Besides the clear flame it yeilds in burning it has been curiously polish'd into the appearance of black marble and fram'd into large Candlesticks Sugar-boxes Spoons with many other such sorts of vessels which have been presented as curiosities and met with very good acceptance both in London and beyond sea North from hence lyes Whittle Whittle near Chorley where in the grounds of Sir Richard Standish a mine of lead has been lately found and wrought with good success possibly the first that has been wrought in this County And near the same place is a plentiful quarry of Mill-stones no less memorable than those mention'd by our Author in the Peake of Derby Within a mile and a half of Wiggin is a Well Bâ—rning-Well which does not appear to be a spring but rather rain-water At first sight there 's nothing about it that seems extraordinary but upon emptying it there presently breaks out a sulphureous vapour which makes the water bubble up as if it boyl'd A Candle being put to it it presently takes fire and burns like brandy The flame in a calm season will continue sometimes a whole day by the heat whereof they can boyl eggs meat c tho' the water it self be cold By this bubbling the water does not encrease but is only kept in motion by the constant Halitus of the vapours breaking out The same water taken out of the Well will not burn as neither the mud upon which the Halitus has beat k Of the plant call'd Clowdesbery mention'd by our Author I have the following account from Mr. Nicollon Some of our Botanists have given it the name of Vaccinia nubis but the more common and better is Chamaemorus for 't is a dwarf-mulberry It is not peculiar to Pendle-hill but grows plentifully on the boggy tops of most of the high mountains both in England and Scotland In Norway also and other Northern Countries it is plentiful enough Instead of Gerard's mistaken name of Clowdberry the Northern peasants call it Cnout-berry and have a tradition that the Danish King Knute being God knows when distress'd for some time in these wasts was reliev'd by feeding upon these dainties I know not whether it will countenance the story to observe that this King's name is in our ancient Records †See Selden's Titles of Honour p. 501. sometimes written Knout But this berry is not the only edible that bears his name to this day for in this County 't is said they have a bird of a luscious taste ‖ Drayt. Poly olb p. 112. which in remembrance of King Cnute they call the Knot-bird l Next we come to the north side the scanty account whereof given by our Author is here supply'd mostly by the informations of the worshipful Sir Daniel Flemming of Ridal in Westmorland a great ornament to his Country and very well verst in the subject of Antiquities As the Island Foulney is so call'd from the great store of Fowl usually there so may this whole tract he nam'd Furness Furness or Fournage from the many Furnaces therein in old time as the Rents and Services paid for them do testifie For many Tenants in this County still pay a Rent call'd Bloom Smithy-Rent The 3 Sands Sands are very dangerous to Travellers both by reason of the uncertainty of the Tides which are quicker and flower according as the winds blow more or less from the Irish-sea and also of the many quick-sands caus'd principally by much rainy weather Upon which account there is a guide on horse-back appointed to each Sand for the direction of such persons as shall have occasion to pass over and each of the three has a yearly Salary paid him out of his Majesty's revenue Windermere Charr s. See the Additions to Westmorland m The greatest Lake in those parts is Winander-mere wherein the Charr mention'd by our Author is a sort of golden Alpine Trout and to be had in other of our Northern Lakes as Ulles-water Butter-meer c. as well as here They have also the same fish in some parts of North-Wales where 't is call'd Tor-goch or Red-belly Where our Author had the story of Eathred is hard to guess it is probable Roger Hovden was his Author who possibly is the only Historian that mentions it However it does not look very plausible for this Eathred or Ethelred was himself King Aelfwold's son Gleston n Within the Manour of Aldingham is Gleston-Castle which has been very large and firm having four strong towers of a great height besides many other buildings with very thick walls To observe it here once for all many persons of quality especially towards Scotland had either Castles or Towers to dwell in to defend themselves and their Tenants from the inroads of the Scots Anciently they had their houses kernell'd fortify'd or embattel'd and divers Commissions have been awarded in pursuance of the Stat. 2 and 3 P. M cap. 1. unto certain persons to enquire what and how many Castles Fortresses c. have been decay'd what are fit to be re-edify'd and how many new ones necessary to be erected This of Gleston is seated in a fertile vale amongst rich meadows and shelter'd from the Sea by fruitful hills all which render it one of the most pleasant seats in this Country o Hard by Dudden-sands is Kirkby-Ireleth Kâ—rby-Iâ—eleth the Manour-house whereof Kirkby-Cross-house so call'd from a Cross plac'd before the gates the top of which was broke off as 't is said by Archbishop Sandys's order is a stately seat giving name to the Kirkbys who have been Lords of it ever since the Conquest the present owner is Colonel Roger Kirkby Near the river Dudden lyes Broughton Broughton formerly the chief seat of a family of that name till in the reign of Henry 7. it was forfeited for Treason by Sir Thomas Broughton Knight who then took part with the counterfeit Plantagenet that landed in Fourness And here it may not be improper to observe a mistake in the History of that King's reign where 't is affirm'd that Sir Tho. Broughton was slain at Stokefield whereas in truth he escap'd from that battel to
Orchis palmata palustris Dracontias Upon the old Mill-race at little Salkeld and on Langwathby Holm Cumberland Cynosorchis militaris purpurea odorata On Lance-Moor near Newby and on Thrimby Common Westmoreland Serratula foliis ad summitatem usque indivisis Found first by Reginald Harrison a Quaker in the Barony of Kendal Westmoreland Thlaspi minus Clusii On most Limestone pastures in both Counties Tragopogon Purpureum In the fields about Carlisle and Rose-castle Cumberland Virga aurea latifolia serrata C. B. It grows as plentifully in our fields at Salkeld as the Vulgaris which it as common as any Plant we have NORTHUMBERLAND by Robt. Morden OTTADINI NEXT after the Brigantes Ptolemy places those who according to the various readings of several Copies are call'd a All the Copies Dr. Gale has perus'd read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. with a single Ï„. And Selden's Manuscriptâ— contracts the word as it does most others of the like kind into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ottalini Ottadeni and Ottadini instead of all which I would willingly with a very easie alteration read Ottatini that so the word might signifie beyond or upon the river Tyne Thus the name of the inhabitants would exactly agree with the situation of their Country For these men were seated beyond the Tyne and our modern Britains call that Country in Wales which lyes beyond the river Conway Uch-Conway that beyond the Mountains Uch-Mynyth beyond the Wood Uch-Coed beyond the River Gyrway Uch-Gyrway Nor would it be at all improper if by the same rule they nam'd this Country beyond the Tyne Uch-Tin out of which by a little disjointing and mellowing of the word the Romans may seem to have form'd their Ottadini Yet since as Xiphiline reports out of Dio Nicaeus all the Britains that dwelt near the formention'd Wall were call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Maeatae a Maeatae 't is reasonable to believe that our Ottadini living on the Wall were some of those Maeatae who in that remarkable Revolt of the Britains wherein the Caledonians were brought into the Confederacy took up Arms when the Emperour Severus gave orders to his Souldiers to give no Quarter to the Britains in Homer's words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 None our Arms shall spare None shall escape the fury of the war Children unborn shall dye But the storm of this rebellion was calm'd by the death of Severus who dy'd at York in the midst of his preparations for war A good while after this Country seems to have been part of Valentia Valentiâ— for so Theodosius nam'd it in honour of the Emperour Valentinian after he had vanquish'd the Barbarians and recover'd this lost Province But in the Saxon wars these ancient names grew out of date and all those Countries which lye North of the Frith of Humber took the Saxon Name of Norê§an-Humbra-ric i.e. the Kingdom of the North-Humbrians And yet even this name is now lost in the other Counties being only retain'd in this of Northumberland Which we are now to visit NORTH-HVMBER-LAND NNorthumberland call'd by the Saxons Norê§an-Humber-lond lyes enclos'd in a sort of a Triangle but not Equilateral On the South towards the County of Durham 't is bounded with the river Derwent running into Tine and with Tine it self The East-side is washt with the German Ocean The West reaching from b For above twenty miles together it borders South-west on Cumberland from above Garry gill in the head of Aulston-Moor down to the river of Kelsop Southwest to North-East fronts Scotland and is first bounded with a ridge of Mountains and afterwards with the river Tweed Here were the Limits of both Kingdoms over which in this County two Governours were appointed whereof the one was stil'd Lord Warden of the Middle Marches â—dens of â— Marâ—â—keâ—ers and the other of the c Occidui But Holland gives it more truly of the East Marches Western The Country it self is mostly rough and barren and seems to have harden'd the very carcasses of its Inhabitants whom the neighbouring Scots have render'd yet more hardy sometimes inuring them to war and sometimes amicably communicating their customs and way of living whence they are become a most warlike people and excellent horse-men And whereas they generally have devoted themselves to war there is not a man of fashion among them but has his little Castle and Fort and so the Country came to be divided into a great many Baronies â—ny Baâ—â—ies in â—â—thumâ—â—and the Lords whereof were anciently before the days of Edward the first usually stil'd Barons tho' some of them men of very low Fortunes b But this was wisely done of our Ancestors to cherish and support Martial Prowess in the borders of the Kingdom with at least Honour and Title However this Character they lost when under Edward the first the name of Barons began to be appropriated to such as were summoned by the King to the High Court of Parliament On the Sea-Coasts and along the river Tine the ground with any tolerable husbandry is very fruitful but elsewhere much more barren and unviewly In many places the stones Lithancraces which we call Sea-coals Sea-coalâ— are digg'd very plentifully to the great benefit of the Inhabitants The nearer part which points to the South-west and is call'd Hexamshire Hexamshire had for a long time the Archbishop of York for its Lord and challeng'd how justly I know not the Rights of a County Palatine but when lately it became part of the Crown-Lands by an exchange made with Archbishop Robert it was by Act of Parliament joyn'd to the County of Northumberland being subjected to the same d That is in Civil matters For its Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is not the same with the rest of the County it being still a peculiar belonging to the Archbishop of York Judicature and having their Writs directed to the Sheriff thereof South Tine South Tine so call'd if we believe the Britains from its being narrowly pent up within its banks for so much Tin signifies say some in the Brittish Languague rising in Cumberland near Alstenmoor where there is an ancient Copper-Mine runs by Lambley formerly a Nunnery built by the Lucies but now much worn away by the floods and Fetherston-haugh the seat of the ancient and well-descended Family of the Fetherstons e The Male line of the Fetherstous of this place being extinct the Lands are fallen into the possession of Fetherston Dodson Gone and being come to Bellister-Castle turns Eastward keeping a direct course along the Wall which is no where three miles distant from it For the Wall having left Cumberland Picts Walâ— and cross'd the little river of Irthing carry'd an Arch over the rapid brook of Poltross Poltross where we saw large Mounts cast up within the wall as design'd for watching the Country Near this place stands Thirlwal-castle Thirlwall no large structure which gave
to him King Aelfred was under a necessity of coming to Terms with them and so he and they divided the Land assign'd it to the Danes who within a few years were thrown out by Athelstane Yet even after this the People made a King of Eilric the Dane who was forthwith expell'd by King Ealdred Henceforward the name of King was no more heard of in this Province but its chief Magistrates were call'd Earls whereof these following are successively reckon'd by our Historians Osulph Oslac Edulph Waldeof the Elder Uchtred Adulph Alred Siward Tostius Edwin Morcà r and Osculph Amongst these Siward was a person of extraordinary valour who as he liv'd so he chose to dye in his Armour Ingulph p. 511. b. An. 1056. His County of York was given to Tostius Brother to Earl Harold and the Counties of Northampton and Huntingdon with his other lands bestow'd on the noble E. Waldeof his son and heir I have here given you the very words of Ingulphus because there are some who deny that he was Earl of Huntingdon To this let me also add what I have met with on the same subject in an old Parchment Manuscript in the Library of John Stow a most worthy Citizen and industrious Antiquary of the City of London Copsi being made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conquerour dispossess'd Osculph who nevertheless soon after slew him Afterwards Osculph himself was stabb'd by a Robber and dy'd of the wound Then Gospatrick bought the County of the Conquerour by whom he was also presently divested of the Honour and was succeeded by Waldeof the son of Siward He lost his head and was succeeded by Walcher Bishop of Durham who as well as his successor Robert Comin was slain in an insurrection of the Rabble mm The title was afterwards conferr'd on Robert Mowbray who destroy'd himself by his own wicked Treason 10 When he devis'd to deprive King William Rufus of his Royal Estate and to advance Stephen Earl of Albemarle a son to the Conqueror's sistâ—r thereunto Then as the Polychronicon of Durham tells us King Stephen made Henry the son of David King of Scots Eâ—rl of Northumberland and his son William who was also himself afterwards King of Scots wrote himself William de Warren Earl of Northumberland for his mother was of the family of the Earls of Warren as appears by the Book of Brinkburn-Abbey Within a few years after Richard the first sold this County to Hugh Pudsey Bishop of Durham for life but when that King was imprison'd by the Emperour in his return from the Holy War and Hugh advanc'd only two thousand pounds in silver towards his ransom Lib. Dunelm the King took this slender contribution so ill knowing that under colour of this ransom he had rais'd vast sums that he depriv'd him of the Earldom At present that Honour is enjoy'd by the family of the Percies Percies descended from Charles the Great who being descended from the Earls of Brabant got the sirname and inheritance of the Percies together which was done by the true Off-spring of Charles the Great by Gerberg daughter to Charles younger brother of Lotharius the last King of France of the Caroline stock Josceline younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant who marry'd Agnes daughter and sole heir of William Percie This William's great grandfather call'd also William Percie came into England with William the Conquerour who bestow'd on him lands in Tatcaster Linton Normanby and other places This Agnes covenanted with Josceline that he should take upon him the name of Percie but should still retain the ancient Arms of Brabant which were a Lion Azure chang'd afterwards by the Brabanters in a Field Or. The first of this family that was made Earl of Northumberland was Henry Percie the son of Mary daughter of Henry Earl of Lancaster This Noble-man signaliz'd his valour in the wars under Edward the third and was by him rewarded with large Possessions in Scotland He was very much enrich'd by his second wife Matilda Lucy who oblig'd him to bear the Arms of the Lucies and by Richard the second was created Earl of Northumberland His behaviour was very ungrateful to this his great Benefactor for he deserted him in his straits and help'd Henry the fourth to the Crown He had the Isle of Man bestow'd on him by this King 11 Who also made him Constable of England against whom he also rebell'd being prick'd in Conscience at the unjust deposing of King Richard and vex'd at the close confinement of the undoubted Heir of the Crown Edmund Mortimer Earl of March his kinsman 12 Grievously complaining and charging him King Henry with Perjury That whereas he had solemnly sworn to him and others that he would not challenge the Crown but only his own Inheritance and that King Richard should be govern'd during his life by the good Advice of the Peers of the Realm he to the contrary had by imprisonment and terrour of death enforc'd him to resign his Crown and usurp'd the same by the concurrence of his faction horribly murdering the said King and defrauding Edward Mortimer Earl of March of his lawful right to the Crown whom he had suffer'd to languish long in prison under Owen Glendowr reputing those Traytors who with their own money had procur'd his enlargement Hereupon he first sent some Forces against him under the command of his brother Thomas Earl of Worcester and his own forward son Henry sirnam'd Whot-spur who were both slain in the battel at Shrewsbury Upon this he was attainted of High-Treason but presently receiv'd again into the seeming favour of the King who indeed stood in awe of him He had also his estate and goods restor'd him except only the Isle of Man which the King took back into his own hand Yet not long after the popular and heady man again proclaim'd war against the King as an Usurper having call'd in the Scots to his assistance And now leading on the Rebels in person he was surpriz'd by Thomas Rokesby High-Sheriff of York shire at Barham-moor where in a confused skirmish his Army was routed and himself slain in the year 1408. Eleven years after Henry the fifth by Act of Parliament restor'd the Honour to Henry Percie his Grandchild by his son Henry Whotspurre whose mother was Elizabeth the daughter of Edmund Mortimer the elder Earl of March by Philippa the daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence This Earl stoutly espoused the interest of Henry the sixth against the House of York and was slain in the Battel of St Albans His son Henry the third Earl of Northumberland who married Eleanor the daughter of Richard Baron of Poynings Brian and Fitz-Paine lost his life in the same quarrel at Towton in the year 1461. When the House of Lancaster and with it the Family of the Percies was now under a cloud King Edward the fourth created John Nevis Lord Montacute Earl of Northumberland but he quickly resign'd that Title being made
whereof one was rebuilt at the publick charge of the Corporation A. D. 1682. and endow'd with sixty pounds per annum whereof thirty is for the maintenance of a Catechetical Lecturer who is to expound the Catechism of the Church of England every Sunday and to preach a Sermon every first Wednesday in the month Twenty pounds are assign'd to a Schoolmaster and ten to an Usher who are to prepare the Children of the Parish for the said Lecture Besides which the Town pays yearly 580 l. towards the maintenance of their Vicar and those Lecturers and Curates that are under him s Both it s Wealth and Commerce are wonderfully encreas'd since Camden's time The Coal-trade is incredible and for other Merchandice Newcastle is the great Emporium of the northern parts of England and of a good share of Scotland The publick Revenue is also wonderfully advanc'd of late years for which the Town is in a great measure indebted to the provident care and good management of its two great Patriots Sir William Blacket Baronet and Timothy Davison Esquire Aldermen t At Fenham a little village in the parish of Newcastle there are now some Coal-pits on fire which have burn'd for several years The flames of this subterraneous fire are visible by night and in the day-time the track of it may be easily follow'd by the Brimstone which lies on the surface of the Earth Newcastle has afforded the title of Earl to Lodowick Stewart Duke of Lennox and Earl of Richmond created in May 1604. But in the year 1627. this title was conferr'd upon William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle who was afterwards in 1643. created Marquiss of Newcastle and the year following Duke of Newcastle In 1676. he was succeeded by his son Henry Cavendish But of late the right honourable John Holles Earl of Clare was created Duke of this place by his present Majesty u The Rutarii Rutarii or Ruptarii are not only mention'd by our Historians in the reign of King John but before his time in the reign of Hen. 2. and after it under Hen. 3. By all the accounts we have of 'em it appears they were mercenary German Troops Now in the High-Dutch Rott whence our English Rout is a Company of Soldiers Rotten or Rottiren to muster Rottmeister a Corporal c. That from hence we are to fetch the true original of the word we are sufficiently taught by Will. Neubrigensis who liv'd and wrote his History in the times of these Rutars Rex says he stipendiarias Brabantionum copias quas Rutas vocant accersivit lib. 2. c. 27. Dr. Wats is therefore mistaken who in his Glossary derives the name from the German Reuter a Trooper or Horseman uu The Town of Morpeth together with Gilles-land c. came by Elizabeth sister and coheir of George the last Lord Dacre to her husband the Lord William Howard of Naworth third son to the Duke of Norfolk whose grandson Charles was soon after the Restauration of Charles the second created Earl of Carlisle and Viscount Morpeth Which Honours were inherited by his son Edward and are now enjoy'd by the most accomplish'd young Nobleman his grandson Charles the third Earl of Carlisle of this Family w At the famous Synod mention'd by our Author S. Cuthbert is said to have been chosen Bishop By the account that Bede and especially his Royal Paraphrast gives of the matter it looks more like a Parliament than a Synod for the Election is reported to have been mid anmodre geê§afunge ealra ê§aera Æ¿itena Now Æ¿itena in the Language of those times signifies Senators or Parliament-men who it seems unanimously chose him Bishop Bed Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 28. The meeting is indeed said to have been on the river Alne And yet I very much doubt whether this Twiford Twiford be in Northumberland and whether Archbishop Theodore ever came so far north There are a great many Twifords in the south of England The Legend of S. Cuthbert p. 17. says this Synod was held at Twiford upon Slu. x There never was any Covent or Monastery founded at Alnwick Alnwicâ— or near it by John Vescie There was indeed a Monastery of the Order of the Praemonstratenses founded by Eustachius Fitz-John Father of William de Vescie who had that sirname from his Mother an Heiress But this was done in the year 1147. long before the Carmelites were heard of in England John Bale who was sometime a Carmelite himself tells us the first Covent of that Order was founded at Holm Hull they now call it near Alnwick by Ralph Fresburn a Northumberland Gentleman who dy'd A. D. 1274. and was buried in this Covent See Bale de Script Brit. Cent. 4. c. 1. and J. Pitz. ad Ann. 1274. 'T is a wonder how our Author came to mistake thus since he uses some of Bale's very words and must doubtless have read his account Eustachius's Abbey is still to be seen at half a mile's distance from the Covent of Hull down the river â—â—â—staâ—â—â—ge y Within the Circuit of the old Castle of Dunstaburge grew lately 240. Winchester Bushels of Corn besides several Cart-loads of Hay 'T is now famous for Dunstaburgh-Diamonds a sort of fine Spar which seems to rival that of St. Vincent's Rock near Bristol z I do not think Bede himself ever gave out that Etymology about Bebba No mention of it in the Saxon But 't is there call'd cynelican byrig i.e. a Royal Mansion and 't is also said that it was miserably wasted by Penda the Pagan King of the Mercians who had certainly burnt it had not the Prayers of Bishop Aidan happily interpos'd Bede lib. 3. capp 12. 16. It was afterwards totally ruin'd and plunder'd by the Danes A. D. 933. Yet as ruinous as it now is the Lord of the Manour William Forster Esq still holds here in a corner of it his Courts of Leet and Baron Florence of Worcester seems to me to have been the first contriver of the story of Queen Bebba See Sir H. Spelman's Gloss in Beria After Mowbray's flight mention'd by our Author and his being taken at Tinmouth the Castle of Bamborough was stoutly maintain'd by Morael his Steward and Kinsman till the Earl himself was by the King's order brought within view of the Fort and threatned with the having his eyes put out in case the besieged held out any longer Whereupon it was immediately surrender'd and Morael for his bravery receiv'd into the King's Court and Favour See the Saxon. Chron. ad Ann. 1095. aa The Improvements in Tillage at Rock by John Salkeld Esq and in Gardening and Fruitery at Falladon by Samuel Salkeld Gent. both in the Parish of Emildon ought here to be mention'd as Fineries hardly to be equall'd on the North-side of Tyne The latter is the more observable because an eminent Author of this Age will hardly allow any good Peaches Plumbs Pears c. to be expected beyond Northamptonshire whereas Fruit is produc'd here in
Northumberland More rare Plants growing wild in Northumberland Chamaepericlymenum Park Ger. Periclymenum humile C. B. parvum Prutenicum Clusii J. B. Dwarf Honey-suckle On the West-side of the North-end of the highest of Cheviot-hills in great plenty Echium marinum B. P. Sea-Buglosse At Scrammerston-mill between the Salt-pans and Barwick on the Seabaich about a mile and a half from Barwick Lysimachia siliquosa glabra minor latifolia The lesser smooth broad-leav'd codded Willow-herb On Cheviot-hills by the Springs and Rivulets of water Pyrola Alsines flore Europaea C.B. Park Herba trientalis J. B. Winter-green with Chick-weed flowers On the other side the Picts-wall five miles beyond Hexham Northwards And among the Heath upon the moist Mountains not far from Harbottle westward Rhaphanus rusticanus Ger. Park C. B. sylvestris sive Armoracia multis J. B. Horse-radish We observ'd it about Alnwick and elsewhere in this County in the ditches and by the water-sides growing in great plenty Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare Camerarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum seu campestre Park Common Eryngo of the Midland On the shore call'd Friar-goose near New-castle upon Tyne SCOTLAND IRELAND AND THE BRITISH ISLANDS THE GENERAL HEADS IN Scotland Ireland and the Islands SCOTLAND 581  Its Division 885  Its Degrees 891  Its Courts of Justice ibid. Gadeni 893 Teifidale 893 Merch 893 Lauden 895 Selgovae 905 Annandale 907 Nidisdale 907 Novantes 909 Galloway 909 Carrict 911 Kyle 911 Cunningham 913 Glotta 913 Damnii 925 Cluydesdale 915 Lennox 917 Sterling 919 Caledonia 925 Fife 927 Strathern 929 Argile 931 Cantire 931 Lorn 933 Braidalbin 933 Perth-shire 935 Angus 937 Mernis 939 Marr 939 Buquhan 941 Murray 943 Loqhabre 945 Rosse 945 Sutherland 947 Cathnes 947 Strath-navern 947  The Roman Wall 957 IRELAND 961 The British Ocean 961 The Government of Ireland 973  The Courts 973  The Division 973 Munster 975 Kerry 975 Desmond 977 Voidiae 979 Cork 979 Waterford 981 Limerick 983 Tipperary 983 Leinster 985 Birgantes 985 Kilkenny 985 Caterlogh 987 Queens County 987 Kings County 989 Kildar 989 Weisford 991 Cauci 991 Dublin 993 Meth 997 East-Meth 997 West-Meth 997 Longford 999 Conaght 999 Twomond 1001 Gallway 1001 Maio 1003 Slego 1005 Letrim 1005 Roscoman 1005 Lords of Conaght 1007 Vlster 1007 Louth 1007 Cavon 1009 Fermanagh 1009 Monaghan 1011 Armagh 1011 Down 1013 Antrim 1015 Colran 1017 Tir-Oen 1019 Tir-Conel 1019 The Rebellion of the O-Neal's 1023 The Manners of the Irish 1041 The smaller Islands in the British Ocean 1049 The Annals of Ireland SCOTLAND By Rob t Morden SCOTLAND NOW I am bound for Scotland whither I go with a willing mind but shall with gentle touches lightly pass it over Not forgetting that Minus notis minus diu insistendum The less we know things the less we are to insist upon them and that advice of the Grecian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Be not too busie where thou art not acquainted For it would certainly be impudent to treat copiously where our notices have been but little But since this too is honour'd with the name of Britain may I have liberty with due respect to the Scottish Nation in pursuance of my bold design of illustrating Britain to prosecute my undertaking with their good leave and drawing aside as it were the Curtains of obsure Antiquity to point out according to my ability some places of ancient note and memory I assure my self of a certain pardon both from the good nature of the people themselves and the extraordinary happiness of these times when by a divine providence that is fallen into our hands which we hardly ever hoped for and our Ancestors so often and so earnestly wished to see that is that Britain so mâ—ny Ages divided in it self and unsociable should all in general like one uniform City under one most August Monarch the founder of an eternal peace be conjoyned in one entire body Who being through the propitious goodness of Almighty God elected born and preserved to the good of both Nations as he is a Prince of singular wisdom and fatherly affection to all his subjects doth so cut off all occasions of fear hope revenge and complaint that the fatal Discord which hath so long engaged these Nations otherwise invincible in mutual Wars is stifled and suppressed for ever and Concord rejoyces exceedingly as it were keeps Holiday and Triumphs because as the Poet sings Jam cuncti Gens una sumus Now all one Nation we 're united fast To which we answer by way of Chorus Et simus in aevum And may that union for ever last But before I enter upon Scotland I think it not amiss to advertise the Reader thus much before-hand that I leave the first Original of the Scottish Nation and the Etymology of their Name banishing all conjectures of others which as well in former Ages as these our days owe their birth either to hasty credulity or careless negligence to be discussed by their own Historians and the Learned of that Nation And following the same method I took in England I shall premise something in short touching the division of Scotland the States of the Kingdom and the Courts of Justice and then briefly touch upon the Situation and Commodities of every several County which are the Places of most Note what Families are most eminent and have flourished with the title and honour of Earls and Barons of Parliament so far forth as by reading and enquiry I cou'd possibly procure information and that cautiously taking all imaginable care by an ingenuous and sincere regard for truth not to give the least offence to the most malicious and by so compendious a brevity as not to prevent the curious diligence of those who may possibly attempt this with a fuller stroke and finish the same with more lively and lasting colours Additions concerning SCOTLAND in general SINCE our Author has profess'd himself at a loss in the affairs of Scotland and for that reason has but touch'd very lightly upon each part of it it will be so much the more necessary to continue our method through this Kingdom and add such things as seem proper and agreeable to the design Especially being encourag'd and assisted herein by the Informations of the very learned Sir Robert Sibbald Dr. of Physick who has given sufficient testimonies to the world of his knowledge of Antiquities and particularly those of his own Country As Albion was the first and most ancient name that we meet with of Great Britain in the old Greek and Latin Authors so was Albania Albania of that northern part that lay beyond the Humber and Deva The Learned have deliver'd various reasons why it should be so call'd but the most probable of them is from the ancient Inhabitants calling themselves Albanich who likewise term'd their Country Albin and their posterity the High-landers do still retain the name in a part of their Country call'd Braid-Albin The Country which now makes the Kingdom
towards the Ocean there were anciently seated the Taizali Some derive this later name from Boves Oxen whereas the ground is fitter to feed sheep whose wooll is highly commended Notwithstanding the Rivers in this Coast every where breed abundance of Salmon yet they never enter into the River Ratra Thâ— Râ—ver Raâ—ra as Buchanan hath told us Neither let it prove to my disadvantage if I cite his Testimony although his books were prohibited by authority of Parliament in the year 1584. because many passages in them were fit to be dash'd out He there reports also That on the bank of Ratra there is a Cave near Stany 's Castle whose nature seems worth our taking notice of A strange â—â—â—er The water distilling by drops out of a natural vault is presently turned into pyramidal stones and if people did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then the whole space in a little time would be fill'd up to the top of the vault Now the stone thus made is of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard stone for it is friable and never arrives to the solidity of Marble It is hardly worth my while to mention the Clayks Câ—ayks a 〈◊〉 of Gâ—ese a sort of Geese believed by some with great admiration to grow upon trees here in this coast and in other places and when they are ripe to fall down into the sea because neither their nests nor eggs cou'd ever any where be found But those that have seen the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round the world laid up in the river Thames can testifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of ships since a great number of such without life and feathers stuck close to the outside of the keel of this ship Yet I should think that the generation of these birds was not from the logs of wood but from the sea term'd by the Poets the Parent of all things a Hector Boetius first spread this errour but that it is such â—ppend 〈◊〉 Librum â— Part 3. â—â—atiae Ilâ—â—â—atae Dr. Sibbalds has largely proved in his Scotia Illustrata only he is now convinced that thâ—y are not informis mâ—ssa carnosa as he there câ—lls them And a Discourse concerning the late worthy Sir Andrew Balfour to be prefixt to the Catalogue of his Books will in a short time give further light into it A mighty mass likewise of Amber Amber as big as the body of a Horse was not many years since thrown up upon this shore This the learned call Succinum Glessum and Chryso-electrum and Sotacus was of opinion that it was a juice which amongst the Britains distill'd from trees ran into the sea and was there hardned Tacitus had the same sentiments of it in this passage of his I should believe De moribus Germanorum that as there are trees in the secret parts of the east which sweat out frankincense and balm so in the Islands and other countreys of the west there are woods of a more fatty substance which melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching sun run into the sea hard by and being driven by tempestuous weather float to the opposite shores But Serapio and the modern Philosophers will have it to work out of a bituminous sort of earth under the sea and by the sea-side that the waves in stormy weather cast part of it upon the shore and that part of it is devoured by the fish But I have digressed too far and will return into my way hoping my ingenuous confession will purchase me a pardon In the reign of Alexander the 2d Alexander Comin had conferr'd upon him the honour of Earl of Buquhan Earls of Baquhan who married a daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quircy Earl of Winchester in England and his grand child by a son brought the same title to Henry Beaumorâ— her husband For he in the reign of Edw. the 3d sat in the Parliament of England under the name of Earl of Buquhan Afterwards Alexander Stewart son to King Robert the 4th was Earl of this place succeeded by John a younger son of Robert Duke of Albany who being sent for into France with 7000 Auxiliary Scots by the French King Charles the 7th did extraordinary good service against the English and had so great a reputation there that after he had killed Thomas Duke of Clarence K. Henry the 5th's brother at Baugy and got as great a victory over the English as ever was obtained he was made Constable of France But 3 years after when the fortune of the war turned he with other valiant Commanders The valour of the Scots in the Wars of France Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours c. was routed at Vernoil by the English and there slain Whom yet as the Poet said Aeternum memorabit Gallia cives Grata suos titulos quae dedit tumulos Those grateful France shall ever call her own Who owe to her their graves and their renown The French cannot but confess that they owe the preservation of France and recovery of Aquitain by thrusting out the English in the reigns of Charles the 6th and 7th in a great measure to the fidelity and valour of the Scots But afterwards K. James the first out of pity to Geo. of Dunbar whom by authority of Parliament he had before divested of the Earldom of March for his father's crimes gave him the Earldom of Buquhan And not long after James son of James Stewart of Lorn sirnamed the Black Knight 14 Whom he had by Queen Joan sister to the Duke of Somerset and widow to King James I. c. whom he had by Joan of Somerset obtained this honour and left it to his posterity but not long since for default of heirs male it went by a daughter to Douglas a younger brother of the House of Lochlevin Beyond Buchan in the bending back of the shore northwards lies Boen Boen and a Now a Barony in the family of Ogilby Bamff a small Sheriffdom * See the Additions and Ainza a little tract of less consideration as also Rothamy Castle the seat of the Barons of Salton Barons Salton sirnamed b Now Frazer Abernethy Beneath these lies Strath-bolgy Strath-bolgy that is the Valley upon the Bolgy formerly the seat of the Earls of Athol sirnamed from thence but now the chief residence of the Marquess of Huntley c Now from the Marquisate of Huntley rais'd to the Dukedom of Gordon Marquess of Huntley For this title K. James the 6th conferred upon Geo. Gordon Earl of Huntley Lord Gordon and Badzenoth eminent for his ancient nobility and his many followers and dependants Whose ancestors are descended from the Setons and by authority of Parliament took upon them the name of Gordon upon Alexander Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir John Gordon with whom he had a very noble estate and received
from the Church as a Feudatory and Vicegerent and obliged his Successors to pay three hundred Marks to the Bishop of that See Yet the most eminent 1 Sir Thomas Hol. Thomas Moor who sacrificed his life to the Pope's Prerogative denies this to be true For he says the Romanists can shew no grant and that they have never demanded the said money nor the Kings of England acknowledged it However with submission to this great man the thing is really otherwise as most clearly appears from the Parliament-Rolls which are evidence incontestable For in a Parliament in Edward the third's Reign the Chancellor of England informs the House That the Pope intended to cite the King of England to a tryal at Rome as well for homage as for the tribute due and payable from England and Ireland and to which King John had bound both himself and his Successors and desired their opinion in it The Bishops required a day to consider of this matter apart as likewise did the Lords and Commons The next day they met again and unanimously voted and declared that forasmuch as neither King John nor any other King whatsoever could put the Kingdom under such a servitude but by the consent and agreement of a Parliament which was never had and farther that since whatsoever he had done in that kind was directly contrary to the Oath which he solemnly took before God at his Coronation if the Pope would insist upon it they were resolved to oppose him with their lives and fortunes to the very utmost of their power Such also as were learned in the law made the Charter of King John to be void and insignificant by that clause of reservation in the end saving to us and our heirs all our rights liberties and regalities But this is out of my road From King John's time the Kings of England were stiled Lords of Ireland till within the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth was declared King of Ireland by the States of that Realm assembled in Parliament the title of Lord seeming not so sacred and venerable to some seditious persons as that of King In the year 1555 when Queen Mary offered the subjection of the Kingdom of England by the hands of her Ambassadors to Pope Paul the fourth this name and title of Kingdom of Ireland was confirmed by the Pope in these word To the praise and glory of Almighty God and his most glorious mother the Virgin Mary to the honour of the whole Court of Heaven and the exaltation of the Catholick Faith We at the humble request of King Philip and Queen Mary made unto us by the advice of our brethren and by virtue of our full Apostolical authority do erect the Kingdom of Ireland and do for ever dignifie and exalt it with the title honours powers rights ensigns prerogatives preferments Royal praeeminencies and such like privileges as other Christian Realms have use and enjoy or may have use and enjoy hereafter Having accidentally found a Catalogue of those English Noble men who went in the first invasion of Ireland and with great valor subdued it to the Crown of England lest I should seem to envy them and their posterity the glory of this atchievment I will here give you them from the Chancery of Ireland for so 't is entitled The Names of such as came with Dermic Mac Morrog into Ireland Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke who by Eve the daughter of Morrog the Irish petty King aforesaid had an only daughter who brought to William Mareschall the title of Earl of Pembroke with a fair estate in Ireland and had issue five sons who in order succeeded one another all childless and as many daughters who enriched their husbands Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk Guarin Montchensey Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester William Ferrars Earl of Derby and William Breose with children honours and possessions Robert Fitz-Stephens Harvey de Mont Marish Maurice Prendergest Robert Barr. Meiler Meilerine Maurice Fitz-Girald Redmund nephew to Stephen William Ferrand Miles de Cogan Richard de Cogan Gualter de Ridensford Gualter sons of Maurice Girald Alexander sons of Maurice Girald William Notte Robert Fitz-Bernard Hugh de Lacy. William Fitz-Aldelm William Macarell Hunfrey Bohun Hugh de Gundevill Philip de Hasting Hugh Tirell David Walsh Robert Poer Osbert de Harloter William de Bendenge Adam de Gernez Philip de Breos Griffin Nephew of Stephen Ralph Fitz-Stephen Walter de Barry Philip Walsh Adam de Hereford To whom out of Giraldus Cambrensis may be added John de Curcy Hugh Contilon Redmond Cantimore Edmond Fitz-Hugh Miles of St. Davids and others The Government of the Kingdom of IRELAND SInce Ireland has been subject to the Crown of England the Kings of this Realm have ever sent their Vice-Roys to manage the publick affairs there who at first in their Letters Patents or Commissions Loâ—d Depâ—â—ies of â—â—â—â—and were stilled Keepers of Ireland after that Justices of Ireland or at pleasure Lieutenants and Deputies Their jurisdiction and authority is really large and Royal they make war and peace have power to fill all Magistracies and other Offices except some very few to pardon all crimes but those of high treason and to confer Knighthood c. These Letters Patents when any one enters upon this honourable office are publickly read and after the new Deputy has took a solemn oath of a certain set form for that purpose before the Chancellor the sword which is to be carried before him is delivered into his hands and he is seated in a Chair of state attended by the Chancellor of the Realm the Members of the Privy-Council the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom the King at Arms a Serjeant at Arms and other Officers of State So that whether we consider his jurisdiction and authority or his train attendance and splendor there is certainly no Vice-roy in Christendom that comes nearer the grandeur and majesty of a King His Council are the Chancellor of the Realm the Treasurer and such others of the Earls Barons and Judges as are of the Privy-Council Orders or degrees iâ— Ireland For Ireland has the same orders and degrees of honour that England has Earls Barons Knights Esquires c. The Courts or Tribunals of IRELAND THE supream Court in Ireland is the Parliament which Parliament at the pleasure of the King of England is either called or dissolved by his Deputy â—as an 〈◊〉 12. and yet in Edward the second 's time it was enacted That Parliaments should be held in Ireland every year 2 Which seemeth yet not to have been effected Here are likewise observed foure Law-terms in the year as in England and five Courts of Justice held 〈◊〉 the a The Court was called The Court of Castle-chamber because it was usually kept in the Castle of Dublin but has never been held since the Court of Star-Chamber was supprest in England Star-Chamber the Chancery King's-Bench Common Pleas and the Exchequer Here are
in good order protected the weak but still continued insolent and cruel to the Nobility insomuch that they petitioned the Lord Deputy for protection and relief whereupon he grew more outragious dispossest Mac-Guir Lord of Fermanagh with fire and sword who had under hand accus'd him burnt the Metropolitan Church of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but this proved ineffectual partly by the valour of the Garison and partly by the apprehension of being suppressed by William Sarfield the Mayor of Dublin who was on his march towards him with the flower of his Citizens However he made cruel ravages in the adjacent Country To put a stop to these bold and outragious proceedings 6 Sir Henry Sidney the Lord Deputy set out himself and was advancing at the head of an Army against him but wisely detach'd seven companies of foot and a â—ry Sidâ—â—â— Lord â—oxy 〈…〉 troop of horse beforehand under the conduct of Edward Randolph a famous old soldier by sea into the North parts of Ireland where they encamped themselves at Derry upon Loghfoil to be upon the rear of the enemy Shan fearing this immediately marched thither and with all his force endeavoured to remove them upon this attack Randolph issued out upon him and though he valiantly lost his own life in the engagement yet he gave the enemy such a defeat that from that time forward they were never able to keep the field so that Shan finding himself weaken'd by slight skirmishes and deserted by his soldiers was once resolved to go and throw himself with a halter about his neck at the mercy of the Lord Deputy But his Secretary perswading him rather to rely upon the friendship of the Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge i.e. the younger were now encampt in Claneboy he sent Surley boy Alexander's brother whom he had detained prisoner a long time to prepare the way and soon after followed him with the wife of O-Donnell his adultress The Scots received him kindly and with some few of his adherents he was admitted into a tent where after some cups they began to resent the fate of James Mac-Conell the brother of Alexander whom Shan had killed and the dishonour done to James's sister whom Shan had married and put away whereupon Alexander Oge and his brother Mac-Gillaspic took fire and giving the signal for revenge all fell upon Shan with their drawn swords and hewed him to death by which peace was restored to that Province in the year 1567. A little after this a Parliament was called at Dublin wherein an Act passed for the Attainder of Shan and annexing most of the Counties and Seigniories of Ulster to the person of the Queen and her Successors and for prohibiting any one ftom taking the stile and title of O-Neal hereafter Notwithstanding this was soon after assumed by Turlogh Leinigh Brother's son to this Con More O-Neal already spoken of who was now towards the decline of his age and therefore of a more calm temper but the rather because he lay under some apprehensions from Shan's sons and Hugh Baron of Dunganon his son though he had marryed his daughter to him whom soon after he put away and married another This Turlogh being very obsequious and dutiful to the Queen of England gave no disturbance to the English but prov'd a very troublesome neighbour to O-Donell and the Island Scots and in a skirmish cut off Alexander Oge who had killed Shan O-Neal Hugh the son of Matthew called Baron of Dunganon who lived sometimes obscurely in his own country and sometimes in England in the service of some of our Nobility began to rise from this mean condition to some degree of eminence The Queen made him Captain of a troop of horse in the war against the Earl of Desmond and allowed him an yearly pension of a thousand marks whereupon he behaved himself gallantly against the rebels in all encounters and at length exhibited a Bill in Parliament That by vertue of a Grant made to his Grandfather an Act might be pass'd for his restitution to the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen and to the estate of his Ancestors As for the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen it was granted without any difficulty but the estate of his Ancestors being annext to the Crown by the Attainder of Shan O-Neal it was wholly referred to the Queen who graciously gave it him in consideration of his services already done her and those she still expected hereafter Yet first she provided that the Province should be surveyed and laid out into proper districts one or two places reserv'd in her own hands for garisons particularly the Fort at Black-water that provision should be made for the maintenance of the sons of Shan and Turlogh and that he should pretend to no authority over any Seigniories beyond the County of Ter-Oen though they bordered upon it Having willingly received it with all these conditions he return'd his thanks to her Majesty with great expressions both of the reality of this address and of his sincere resolution to serve her with the utmost of his diligence authority and affection for these favours and indeed it may be said of him that he performed his promise and that the Queen could expect no more from the most faithful subject she had than he did His body was able to endure the miseries either of labour watching or want his industry was very great his mind excellent and capable of the greatest employments he had a great knowledge in the affairs of war and was so profound and unfathomable a dissembler that some foretold at that time He would either prove the greatest good or the greatest hurt to Ireland He gave such testimonies of his valour and loyalty that the Queen her self interceeded with Turlogh Leinigh for his Seigniory and got him to surrender it upon conditions After Leinigh's death he usurped the title of O-Neal notwithstanding it was made capital by Act of Parliament excusing it as done purely to anticipate others that would perhaps assume it and promising to relinquish it but begg'd earnestly that no oath might be press'd upon him for performance About this time the Spanish Armado which had in vain attempted to invade England was dispersed and routed many of them in their return were shipwreckt in the Irish Sea and great numbers of the Spaniards thrown upon the coast of Ireland the Earl of Ter-Owen was faid to have kindly received some of them and to have treated with them about making a private league between him and the King of Spain Upon this account he was accused before the Queen and no slight evidence brought against him by Hugh Ne-Gaveloc i.e. in Fetters the natural son of Shan so called from his being kept in fetters for a long time which so enraged the Earl that afterward he had him apprehended and commanded him to be strangled but had much ado to find an Executioner the people had so much veneration for the blood of the O-Neals
call'd Hogelyn John de Northon John de Breton and many others Item On the 16th before the kalends of July Dolovan Tobyr and other towns and villages bordering upon them were burnt down by the said malefactors Item Soon after this a great Parliament was held at London wherein a sad difference arose between the Barons upon the account of Pieirs Gaveston who was banish'd out of the Kingdom of England the day after the feast of S. John the baptist's nativity and went over into Ireland about the feast of the Saints Quirita and Julita together with his wife and sister the Countess of Glocester and came to Dublin in great state and there continued Item William Mac Baltor a stout robber and incendiary was condemn'd in the court of our Lord the King at Dublin by the Lord Chief Justice John Wogan on the 12th before the kalends of September and was drawn at a horse's tail to the gallows and there hang'd as he deserv'd Item This year a marble cistern was made to receive the Water from the conduit-head in Dublin such as was never before seen here by the Mayor of the City Master John Decer and all at his own proper expences This same John a little before made a bridge to be built over the river Aven-Liffie near the priory of S. Wolstan He also built the Chappel of S. Mary of the Friers minors wherein he was buried and the Chappel of S. Mary of the Hospital of S. John in Dublin Item This John Decer was bountiful to the convent of Friers Predicants in Dublin For instance he made one stone-pillar in the Church and laid the great stone upon the high altar with all its ornaments Item He entertain'd the friers at his own table on the 6th day of the week out of pure charity as the seniors have reported to their juniors Item The Lord John Wogan took ship in Autumn to be at the parliament of England and the Lord William Bourk was appointed Keeper of Ireland in his room Item This year on the eve of S. Simon and Jude the Lord Roger de Mortimer and his Lady the right heir of Meth the daughter of the Lord Peter son of Sir Gefferey Genevil arriv'd in Ireland As soon as they landed they took possession of Meth Sir Gefferey Genevil giving way to them and entring himself into the order of the Friers predicants at Trym the morrow after S. Edward the Archbishop's day Item Dermot Odympsy was slain at Tully by the servants of Sir Piers Gaveston Item Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster at Whitsontide made a great feast at Trym and conferr'd Knighthood upon Walter Lacie and Hugh Lacie In the vigil of the Assumption the Earl of Ulster came against Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwal at Drogheda and at the same time turn'd back towards Scotland Item This year Maud the Earl of Ulster's daughter imbark'd for England in order for a marriage with the Earl of Glocester which within a month was consummated between them Item Maurice Caunton kill'd Richard Talon and the Roches afterwards kill'd him Item Sir David Caunton was hang'd at Dublin Item Odo the son of Cathol O Conghir kill'd Odo O Conghiâ— King of Connaght Item Athi was burnt by the Irish MCCCIX Peter Gaveston subdued the O Brynnes in Ireland and rebuilt the new castle of Mackingham and the castle of Kemny he also cut down and scour'd the pass between Kemny castle and Glyndelagh in spite of all the opposition the Irish could make and sâ— march'd away and offer'd in the Church of S. Kimny The same year the Lord Peter Gaveston went over into Englanâ— on the eve of S. John Baptist's Nativity Item The Earl of Ulster's son's wife daughter of the Earl oâ— Glocester came into Ireland on the 15th of October Item On Christmas-eve the Earl of Ulster returned out of England and landed at Drogheda Item On the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary Sir John Bonevil was slain near the town of Arstol by Sir Arnold Pover and his accomplices and buried at Athy in the Church of the Frierâ— predicants Item A Parliament was held at Kilkenny in the octaves of thâ— Purification of the Blessed Mary by the Earl of Ulster John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and others of the nobility wherein a difference among certain of the great men was adjusted and many proviso's made in the nature of statutes that might havâ— been of good consequence to the Kingdom if they had been observ'd Item Shortly after Sir Edward Botiller return'd out of England where he had been knighted at London Item The Earl of Ulster Roger Mortimer and Sir John Fitz-Thomas went over into England Item This year died Sir Theobald Verdon MCCCX. King Edward and Sir Peter Gaveston took theiâ— march for Scotland against Robert Brus. Item There was this year a great scarcity of corn in Ireland * Eranca an eranc of corn sold at the rate of twenty shilling and upwards Item The Bakers of Dublin were punish'd after a new way foâ— false weights For on S. Sampson the Bishop's day they werâ— drawn upon hurdles at the horses tails along the streets of thâ— City Item In the Abby of S. Thomas the Martyr at Dublin Sir Neiâ— Bruin Knight Escheator to our Lord the King in Ireland departed this life his corps was buried at the Friers-minors in Dublin witâ— such a pomp of tapers and wax-lights as never was before seen iâ— this Kingdom This year a Parliament was held at Kildare wherin Sir Arnold Pover was acquitted of the death of the Lord Bonevil for it waâ— found Se defendendo Item On S. Patrick's day Mr. Alexander Bickenor was witâ— the unanimous consent of the Chapter made Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Roger Mortimer in the octaves of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin return'd into Ireland Item This year died Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln MCCCXI In Thomond at Bonnorathie the Lord Richarâ— Clare gave the Earl of Ulster's party a very strange defeat Thâ— Lord William Bourk and John the Lord Walter Lacy's Son werâ— taken prisoners with many others This battle was fought on thâ— 13th before the kalends of June and great numbers both of thâ— English and the Irish slain in it Item Tassagard and Rathcante were invaded by the rapperies namely the O Brinnes and O Tothiles the day after S. John Baptist's nativity Whereupon in the Autumn soon after a greaâ— army was rais'd in Leinster to defeat them both in Glindelory anâ— in other woody places Item In August a Parliament was holden at London between thâ— King and the Barons to consider the state of the Kingdom and thâ— King's houshold and a committee of six Bishops six Earls and six Barons was appointed to consult the good of the Realm Item On the 2d day before the Ides of November the Lord Richard Clare cut off 600 Galegolaghes Item On All saints day last past Peter Gaveston was banished out of England by the Earls and Barons and many good statutes were
were above 500 this happened about the evening near Connyng and the water call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven The Lord Anthony Lucy with his own Servants and some of the Citizens of Dublin among whom was Philip Cradoc kill'd above 200 of them and gave leave to any body to fetch away what they would The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland appointed a common Parliament to be held at Dublin on the Octaves of S. John Baptist whither some of the best of the Irish Nobility came not However he remov'd to Kilkenny and prorogued the Parliament to S. Peter's feast Ad vincula hither came the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and many more Noblemen who were not there before and submitted to the King's mercy And the King for his part very graciously forgave them whatever they had done against him under a certain form In August the Irish by treachery took the Castle of Firnis which they burnt The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of Desmond by an order of Council was taken the day after the Assumption of our blessed Virgin at Limerick by the Chief Justice and by him brought to the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October In September Henry Mandevill by vertue of a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard Justice in the King's-bench was taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin In November Walter Burck and his two Brothers were taken in Connaught by the Earl of Ulster and in February were by him brought to the Castle of Northburg In February the Lord William Bermingham and his son Lord Bermingham were taken at Clomel by the said Justice notwithstanding he had before granted them his Majesty's Pardon and the 19th of April were conducted to Dublin-castle The Irish of Leinster plunder'd the English and burnt their Churches and in the Church of Freineston burnt about eighty Men and Women and a certain Chaplain of that Church whom with their Javelins they hinder'd from coming out tho' in his holy Vestments and with the Lord's body in his hand burning him with the rest in the Church The news of it came to the Pope who sert his Bull to the Archbishop of Dublin commanding him to excommunicate those Irish and all their adherents and retinue and to interdict their Lands Now the Archbishop fulfill'd the Pope's commands but the Irish despised the bull excommunication interdiction and the Church's chastisement and continuing in their wickedness did again make a body and invaded the county of Weisford as far as Carcarn and plundred the whole country Richard White and Richard Fitz-Henry with the Burghers of Weisford and other English made head against them and kill'd about 400 of the Irish besides a great many more were in the pursuit drown d in the river Slane MCCCXXXII The eleventh of July William Bermingham by my Lord Chief Justice's order was put to death and hanged at Dublin but his son Walter was set at liberty Sir William was a noble Knight and very much renown'd for his warlike exploits alas what pity it was for who can commemorate his death without tears He was afterwards buried at Dublin among the Predicant Friers The Castle of Bonraty was taken and in July was rased to the ground by the Irish of Totomon Also the Castle of Arclo was taken from the Irish by the Lord Chief Justice and the citizens of Dublin with the help of the English of that Country and was the 8th of August a rebuilding in the King's Hands The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland was put out of his place and in November returned into England with his wife and children The Lord John Darcy succeeded him and came into Ireland the 13th of February There was about this time a great slaughter of the Irish in Munster made by the English inhabitants of that Country and Briens O-Brene with Mac-Karthy was beaten Item John Decer a citizen of Dublin died and was buried in the Church of the Minor Friers he was a man who did a great deal of good Also a disease called Mauses reigned very much all over Ireland and infected all sorts of People as well old as young The hostages who were kept in the Castle of Limeric kill'd the Constable and took the Castle but upon the citizens regaining of 〈◊〉 they were put to the sword The Hostages also took the Castle â—f Nenagh but part of it being burnt it was again recover'd â—nd the Hostages restored A of wheat about Christmas â—as sold for 22 shillings and soon after Easter very common for 〈◊〉 pence The Town of New-Castle of Lions was burnt and plunâ—ered by the O-Tothiles MCCCXXXIII John Lord Darcy the new Chief Justice of â—reland arrived at Dublin The Berminghams of Carbery got a great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-Conghirs The Lord John Darcy ordered the â—ass at Ethrgovil in Offaly to be cut down that he might stop O-Conghir The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond after he had â—een imprison'd a year and an half in Dublin was let out having â—ot some of the best of the Irish Nobility as mainprizes to be bound â—or him under penalty of their lives and estates if the said Lord â—hould attempt any thing against the King or did not appear and â—â—and trial Item William Burk Earl of Ulster on the 6th of June between New-Town and Cragfergus in Ulster was most treacherously kill'd â—y his own company in the twentieth year of his age Robert son â—o Mauriton Maundevile gave him the first blow As soon as his â—ife heard of it who was then in that part of Ulster she prudently â—mbark'd with her son and daughter and went for England The Lord John Darcy to revenge his murder by the advice of the Parliament then assembled shipp'd his Army with which the first of â—uly he arriv'd at Cragfergus The people of that Country were â—o glad at his arrival that they took courage and unanimously reâ—olv'd to revenge the Earl's death and in a pitch'd battle got a â—ictory some of them they took others they put to the sword When this was over the Lord Chief Justice went with his Army â—nto Scotland leaving M. Thomas Burgh then Treasurer to supply â—is place Item Many of the Irish Nobility and the Earl of Ormond with â—heir retinue assembled on the 11th of June at the house of the Carmelite Friers in Dublin during this Parliament as they were going out of the Court-yard of the Friers House Murcardus or Moris Nicholas O-Tothil's son was in the croud suddenly murder'd â—pon which the Nobility supposing there was treason in it were very much affrighted but the Murtherer made his escape without being known so much as by name Item The Lord John Darcy return'd Chief Justice of Ireâ—and Item In February the Lord Walter Bermingham son to the Lord William was let out of Dublin Castle Item The Lord Moris Son of Thomas Earl of Desmond by a â—all off his horse broke his leg Item It happen'd to be so dry a Summer that at the feast of S. Peter ad
and after all kill'd both him and his brother Richard The same year on the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross Stephen Scroop deputy Lieutenant to the King's son Thomas accompanied with the Earls of Ormond and Desmond the Prior of Kilmainan and many others out of Meth march'd out of Dublin and invaded the territories of Mac Murgh upon engaging the Irish had at first the better but they were at last beat back by the bravery of these commanders O Nolam with his son and others were taken prisoners But upon the sudden news that the Bourkeins and O Kerol had continued for two days together doing mischief in the County of Kilkenny they went immediately in all haste to the village of Callan surpriz'd them and put them to flight O Kerol and 800 more were cut off in this action Stephen Scroop went into England this year and James Botiller Earl of Ormond was by the Country elected Chief Justice MCCCCVIII The said Chief Justice held a Parliament at Dublin which confirm'd the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and a Charter was granted under the great seal of England against Purveyors The very day after the feast of S. Peter ad vincula this year Thomas Lord of Lancaster the King's son arriv'd as Lieutenant Deputy at Carlingford in Ireland from whence he came next week to Dublin As the Earl of Kildare went to welcom him he was arrested with three more of his retinue His Goods were all sharped away by the Lord Deputy's servants and he himself imprison'd till he paid a fine of 300 marks On S. Marcellus's day the same year died Stephen Lord Scroop at Tristeldermot Thomas of Lancaster was this year wounded at Kilmainan and that so very ill that he almost died After his recovery he made Proclamation That all that were inbebted to the King upon the account of Tenure should make their appearance at Rosse After S. Hilary he call'd a Parliament at Kilkenny for having Tallage granted him On the third before the Ides of March he went into England leaving the Prior of Kilmainon to officiate in his absence This year Hugh Mac-Gilmory was slain at Cragfergus in the church of the Friers-minors which he had formerly destroyd and broke the Windows thereof for the sake purely of the Iron-bars which happen'd to give his Enemies viz. the Savages admittance MCCCCIX In the 10th year of the reign of King Henry 80 of the Irish were in June cut off by the English under the conduct of Janico of Artoys in Ulster MCCCCX On the 13th of June a Parliament was held at Dublin which continued sitting for three Weeks the Prior of Kilmainan being Deputy for the Chief Justice The same year on the 10th of July the said Justice began to build Mibrackly-castle de O Feroll and built De la Mare also There was great scarcity of corn this year The same year the Chief Justice invaded the Territory of O-Brin at the head of fifteen hundred Kerns of whom eight hundred deserted and went over to the Irish so that if the People of Dublin had not been there there would have been much more woe and misery however John Derpatrick lost his life MCCCCXII About the feast of Tiburce and Valerian O-Conghir did much harm to the Irish in Meth and took above 160 Prisoners The same year O-Doles a Knight and Thomas son of Moris Sheriff of Limerick kill'd each other On the 9th of June this year died Robert Monteyn Bishop of Meth succeeded by Edward Dandisey formerly Arch-deacon of Cornwall MCCCCXIII On the 7th of October John Stanley the King's Lieutenant in Ireland arriv'd at Cloucarfe and on the 6th of January died at Aterith The same year after the death of John Stanley Lord Lieutenant Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin was elected Chief Justice of Ireland on the 11th of February Another Parliament was held at Dublin on the morrow of S. Matthias the Apostle which continued sitting for 15 days during which time the Irish set many Towns on fire as they us'd to do in Parliament-times upon which a Tallage was demanded but not granted MCCCCXIV The O-Mordries and O-Dempsies Irish were cut off by the English near Kilda as the Chief Justice Archbishop of Dublin went in Procession at Tristildermot praying with his Clerks at which time 100 Irish were likewise routed by his Servants and others their Country-men Upon the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus the English of Meth were defeated Thomas Maurevard Baron of Scrin and many others were slain and Christopher Fleming and John Dardis were taken Prisoners by O-Conghir and the Irish On S. Martin's-eve John Talbot Lord Furnival being made Lieutenant of Ireland arriv'd at Dalkay MCCCCXV Robert Talbot a Nobleman who wall'd the Suburbs of Kilkenny died in November this year Item After All Saints died Frier Patrick Baret Bishop of Ferne and Canon of Kenly where he was buried MCCCCXVI On the Feast-day of Gervasius and Prothasius the L. Furnival had a son born at Finglas About this time the reverend Stephen Fleming Archbishop of Armagh departed this life and was succeeded by John Suanig At the same time the Bishop of Ardachad died likewise viz. Frier Adam Lyns of the order of Friers-predicants Item On S. Laurence-day died Thomas Talbot son of the Lord Furnival lately born at Finglas and was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants at Dublin within the Convent A Parliament was held at Dublin during which the Irish fell upon the English and slew many of them and among the rest Thomas Balimore of Baliquelan This Session continued here for six Weeks and then adjourned till the 11th of May at Trym where it sate for eleven days and granted a Subsidy of four hundred Marks to the Lieutenant MCCCCXVII On the eve of Philip and Jacob Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin went over into England and died at Farindon and was buried in New-colledge in Oxford a Person very liberal and charitable a great Clerk Doctor of Divinity an excellent Preacher a great Builder Beautiful and of a fair Complexion but withal sanguine and tall so that it might be well said of him Fair art thou and good-like above the sons of Men Grace and Eloquence are seated in thy Lips He was eighty years old and govern'd the See of Dublin peaceably for almost 20 years together MCCCCXVIII The feast of the Annunciation happen'd this year on Good Friday immediately after Easter the Tenants of Henry Crus and Henry Bethat were plunder'd by the Lord Deputy Item On S. John and S. Paul's day the Earl of Kildare Sir Christopher Preston and Sir John Bedleu were taken at Slane and committed to Trym-castle who had a mind to talk with the Prior of Kilmainan On the 4th of August died Sir Matthew Husee Baron of Galtrim and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants at Trym MCCCCXIX On the 11th of May died Edmund Brel formerly Mayor of Dublin and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants in the same
City A Council was held at Naas and a Subsidy of three hundred Marks therein granted to the Lord Deputy At the same time died Sir John Loundres in the fifth day of this Week which fell out to be in Coena Domini O-Thoil took four hundred Head of Cattle that belong'd to Balimer by which Action he broke his own Oath and the publick Peace On the fourth of May Mac Morthe the chief Captain of that Sept and of all the Irish in Leinster was taken Prisoner Hugh Cokesey was knighted on the same day On the last of May the Lieutenant the Archbishop of Dublin and the Mayor made the Castle of Kenini be demolish'd The day after Processus and Martinian William Lord Burgh with others of the English slew five hundred Irish and took O-Kelly prisoner On the feast of S. Mary Magdalen the Lieutenant John Talbot went into England leaving the Archbishop of Dublin to administer in his absence carrying the Curses of his Creditors along with him for he paid little or nothing for his Victuals and was indebted to many About the feast of S. Laurence several died in Normandy viz. Frier Thomas Botiller Prior of Kilmainan with many others Frier John Fitz-Henry succeeded him in the Priory The Archbishop being left Deputy fell upon the Scohies and cut off 30 Irish near the River Rodiston Item On the Ides of February died Frier John Fitz-Henry Prior of Kilmainan and was afterwards succeeded by Frier William Fitz-Thomas elected and confirm'd the morrow after S. Valentin's day Item The day after the feast of S. Peter in Cathedra John Talbot Lord Furnival surrender'd his place to Richard Lord Talbot Archbishop of Dublin who was after chosen Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCXX On the fourth of April James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond arriv'd at Waterford being made Lieutenant of Ireland and soon after permitted a Combat between his two Cousins of whom the one died in the Field and the other was carry'd off sore wounded to Kilkenny On S. George's day the said Lieutenant held a Council at Dublin and gave order for a Parliament therein In the mean time he took good Booty from O-Raly Mac-Mahon and Mac-Guyer On the 8th of June the Parliament met at Dublin and seven hundred Marks were therein granted to the Lord Deputy This Parliament continued sixteen days and at last was prorogued till the Monday after S. Andrews The Debts of the late Lord Talbot were computed in this Parliament which amounted to a great sum Item On the morrow after S. Michael's day Michael Bodley departed this life Item On S. Francis's eve died Frier Nicholas Talbot Abbot of S. Thomas the Martyr in Dublin succeeded by Frier John Whiting The morrow after S. Simon and Jude's day the castle of Colmolin was taken by Thomas Fitz-Geffery On S. Katherin the Virgin 's eve was born Botiller son and heir to the Earl of Ormond Item On monday after the feast of S. Andrew the foresaid Parliament met at Dublin and sate 13 days The Lieutenant had three hundred Marks granted him herein and it was at last adjourn'd till the monday after S. Ambrose A general Report was at this time That Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Desmond died on S. Laurence-day at Paris and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants there the King being present at his Funeral James Fitz-Gerald his Uncle by the Father's side succeeded to the Seigniory who had thrice dispossess'd him of his Estate and accus'd him of prodigality and waste both in Ireland and England and that he had already given or intended to give Lands to the Abbey of S. James at Keynisham MCCCCXXI The Parliament sat the third time at Dublin the monday after S. Ambrose and therein it was resolv'd That the Archbishop of Armagh and Sir Christopher Preston should be sent to the King for redress of Grievances At the same time Richard O-Hedian Bishop of Cassel was accused by John Gese Bishop of Lismore and Waterford upon 30 distinct Articles and after all That he favour'd the Irish and was averse to the English That he presented none of the English to any Benefices and had given order to other Bishops that they should not preferr them to any Living That he counterfeited the King's Seal and the King's Letters-patents and that he had attempted to make himself King of Mounster That he took a Ring away from the Image of S. Patrick which the Earl of Desmond had offer'd and given it to a Whore of his with several other Crimes all exhibited in Writing against him which created a great deal of vexatious trouble to the Lords and Commons In this Parliament there was also a Debate between Adam Pay Bishop of Clon and another Prelate for the Bishop of Clon was for annexing the other's Church to his See and the other oppos'd it so they were sent to Rome and their difference referr'd to the Pope This Session continued for 18 days In the nones of May a great Slaughter was made among the retinue of the Earl of Ormond Lord Deputy near the Monastery of Leys by O-Mordris 27 of the English were cut off The Principals were Purcel and Grant Ten Persons of Quality were taken Prisoners and 200 fled and were sav'd in the said Monastery On the Ides of May died Sir John Bedley Knight and Jeffery Galon formerly Mayor of Dublin who was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants of that City About this time Mac Mahon did great mischief in Urgal burning and wasting where-ever he came On the 7th of June the Lieutenant went into Leys against O-Moodris with a mighty Army which kill'd all they met with for four days together till the Irish at length promised peace and submission On S. Michael's day Thomas Stanley with all the Knights and ' Squires of Meth and Irel took Moyl O-Downyl prisoner and kill'd several in the 14th year of King Henry VI. No farther go any of the Annals of Ireland which I could meet with These I have inserted here to gratify such as delight in Antiquity As for those nice delicate Readers that would try all by the Writings of Augustus 's Age I am very sensible they will not relish them upon the score of a rough insipid dry Stile such as was common in the Age wherein these were writ However let them take this Consideration along with them That History bears and requires Authors of all sorts and that they must look for bare Matter in some Writers as well as fine Words in others FINIS INDEX A. AAron see Julius and Aaron Ab-Adams 68 238. ABALLABA 806. Abberbury-castle 544. Sir Rich. de 142. Abbot Geo. A. B. of Cant. 161. Rob. B. of Salisb. ibid. Sir Maurice L. Mayor of London ib. Abbots 132. Parliamentary Barons clxxxvii Abbotston 132. Aber what 662 739 939. Aber-Aaron 613. Aberbroth 613. Aber-Chienaug Castle 675. Aber-Conwy 666 671. Abercorn-castle 906. Aber-dau-Gledhau 630. Aberdeen New and Old 940. Aberford 712. Aber-Fraw 676. Abergavenni 598. Abergavenny Lords of 193
Ochie-Hole 67 78. Ochil-hills 939 949 951. Ochr what 7. Ock a Rivulet 138. Ocke fl 34. Ockham 155. W. de a great Philosopher ibid. Ockhampton 34 41. Ocra what 7. OCRINUM aut OCRANUM 7. Octavia Daughter of the Emperour Claudius 235. Octodurum 43. OCTOPITARUM Promont 631. Odcomb 60. Odda 245. Odiam 124. Odill 285 Odingsells 505. Odo 102 194 212 234 406 716. Offa 215 266 286 298 301 371 507 520 690. Off-Church 500. Offa-dike 85 585 587. Offalie 989. Offington 172. Offride 725. Offton 371. Ogles 858. Ogle-castle ibid. Barons of 859. Oglethorp Dr. O. 732. Ogmer 611. Ogo 79. Oilwy-brook 599. Oister hills 300. Oisterley-park 309. Okeham 455 457. Okeley 155 161 285. Okenwood 162. Oken-yate 530 545. Okindon-south 343. Okingham 148. Olaniage 246. Olanige 221. Olanus 652. S. Olave ' s-bridge 388. Old-Bale 717. Oldburrow 526. Oldbury 527 507. hill 102. Old-castle Sir J. 189 190. Old-court 993. Olderfleet 1017. Oldford 340. Oldham H. 274. Old man of Bullen 205. Old-street 470. Old-Town 573 848. Old-wark-spring 486. Oldwike 957. Old Winchester 850. OLENACUM 832. Oleron 1115. OLICANA 708 713. Oliphant Barons 943. Oliver John 349. Olorina an herb 943. O Neal Sir Ph. 728. Onion a Giant 126. penies ibid. hole 125. Onslow Sir Rich 164. Ophites 479. Opus Musivum 220. Oracles British 738. Orange-trees 165. Orbies 561. ORCADES 1073. ORCAS 949. Orchard 60 78. Ordale-tryal 44. Order of the Garter 145. ORDOLUCAE 650. Ordolucia 901. ORDOVICES 77 387 573 649. Ordulph 26. Ore fl 373. what 99. Orells 787. Oreford 373. Orewood 2. Orkney 1073. Ormesby 389 471. Ormesbys 447 471 557. Ormond 984. Ormskirk 790. Orry 1011. Orton 424 812. Market ib. Orwel fl 371. Harbour 373. Osca 865. Osculph 866. Osborn Th. Duke of Leeds 630 729 766. Osbrich 71. Osbright 720. Oseney-Abby 259. Osgodby 472. Oshere 523. S. Osith 351. Oskytel 275. Oslan 159. Osmund 51. Osney-Abby 254. Ospringe 217 Osric E of Southampton 134. Osrick 235. Ossory James E. of 333. Lower 984. Upper 987. Ostaei 1. Ostenhanger 209. OSTIDAMNII whether the same with DANMONII 1. Ostiones 1. Ostorius 67 365 377 431 440 541 551 573 703. in Britain xlvi Scapula 580. Oswald 263 470 548 519. S. Oswalds 853 Oswald's Law 521 525. Oswald's Street 566. Oswestre 548 554. Oswy 532 711 761. Otelands 155 162. Other-half stone 9 23. Otho 756 OTHONA 344. Otford 190 215. Otley 714. Otmore Plains 256 271. OTTADINI 847 899. Ottendun 275. Ottery fl 32. S. Mary 33. Mohuns ib. Otto 260. Overburrow 794 Overbury S. Tho. 83. Over-rhey what 153. Oversbridge 245. Overton 557. Market 458 812. Overthorne 740. Overus E. of Richm. 763. Oughtred W. 163. Oulney 282. Oundle 434. Ounesbury-Topping 753. OVOCA fl 992. Ouse fl 281 367 375 383 429 717. Ouseburne-brook 717. Ouseley 503. Ousney 257. Oustmen 992 995. Outburrow 861. Ow W. de 126. Owens 172 261 274 543 633 643 652 68â— 691. Owers Rocks 129. Owres 47. Oxburgh 401. Oxen 787. Oxenbridge 472. Oxenhall 774 OXFORD 256 to 262. John Earl of 6 293. OXFORDSHIRE 251. Oxney-Island 212. Oyster-green 641. hill 580. pits 196. P. PAbenham Sir L. 438. Pacatianus lxxvi Pacensian Regiment 585. Padstow 10. Paensut fl 555. Paeones 703. Paganels 535. Paganel J. Lord 104 Fulk Lord of Newport Pagnel 282. Paget W. Baron c. 309 532. Pagnel Sir W. 172. Palatines clxxv Palatinate Jurisdiction 539 553 567. Pall what cxlii 197. Palladius 940 953 968. Palmer Edw. 240. Pamber-forest 126. S. Pancrase-Abby 173. S. Pandionia 403. Pannage 179. Pant y Potion 624. River 344. Well ib. Pantulph 545. Panwen 620. Papyrio Card. sent to reform Corruptions in Ireland 1012 Par W. Earl of Essex 354. Baron of Horton 433. Marquess of Northampton 440. Parises 407. Pâ—RISI 735. Parishes England divided into clxix Parkers 371 385. Parker Matt. clxix 413. Parks where first in England 255. Parliaments clxxxiii Diabolicum indoctorum 514. Parret fl 59. Parrham 373. Parrs 761. Parry D. 6 7 Tho. 142. Paschal A 109. Pascentius 589. Pasham 282. Pasheley 210. Pasley-Monastery 918 958. Passelew 542. Paston 390 Pastane 387 390. Patern 642 Pateshul 529 531. Patishul 86 285 431. S. Patrick 63 631 921 968 983 1011 1013 1019 Patricks Barons of Malpas 557. Patrick's Bourn 200 Patrington 740 747. Pavelys 88. S. Pauls a Family 473 Paul a Notary in Britain lxxviii Paulinus 468. Pauncefore R. 231. Paunton Great 458 466. Pawlet Ch. Duke of Bolton 112 133 731. Pawlton 8. Pawton 7. Paynel Lord of Bampton 62. Paynswick 247 249. Peada 436 566. Peag-kirke 438 The Peak 493 497 533 802. a small Brook 539. Pearls Britt xxxix 666 840 924. 962. Pease 211 374. Peasfalong 789. Pebidiog 673. Peche 403. Pedderton 59. Pedred fl 59. Pedwardins 462. Pega 438. Pegase 68. Peito's 500. Pelagius the Arch-heretick 556 568 1015. Pele what 20. Peletor 295. Pelham 304. Pelhams 174 175 177. Pell what 5 57. Pembroke Earls of 61 370. Pemsey 175 182. Pen 60 62 105 278 791. PENBROKE-SHIRE 629 635. Penbroke 629 633 642. Penalht 649. Penbal-crag 857. Penbriges 545. Penbryn 648 677. Penda 240 374 410 548 565. 711 725. Pendennis-castle 7. Pendle-hills 791 802. Pendragon-castle 728 806. Pen-Gwyn 791. Pensherst 192. Pentrow 597. Penigent 791. Penistones 517. Penk fl 531. Penkridge 530. Pen-maen 666. Pennant 9. Pennigent 710. Pennine Alps 278. PENNOCRUCIUM 530 531 537. Penrose 22. Penryn 7. Pensans 6 19 21. Pensavas what 21. Pensherst 191. Pensneth-chace 530. Penteney 393. Pentre-Evan 636. Yskynthrog 594 Groydhel 678. Penvael 921 959. Penwith 3 5. Penworth 793. Penyson 782. Penysthorp 747. Peoplesham 195. Peperking R. 344 355. Peppards 992. Pepperness 221. Percebridge 571. Percepier 73. Percius 751. Percies 60 49 172 522 547 721 735 738 751 743 753 760 762 777 850 853 859 863 866. Perith 831. Perrot Joh. Lord Deputy of Ireland â—007 1017. Pershore 521. Pertinax Emp. lxx Perth 935. Peryn 7. Peshalls 542. Peter-pence cxlvii head 954. S. Peter in the Wall 344. Peter a Painter 332. S. Peter's pence 61 298. Peterill 833. Petilius Cerealis Propraet lvi 703. Petits 999. Petre's 343 345. Petre's post Quarry 712 713. Petrocus 11. PETRIANAE 833. PETUARIA PARISIORUM 738. 739. Petworth 172. Pevensey-marsh 174. Pever p. 288. fl 563. Peverels 346 403 405 433 486 494 496. Peytons 408. Pharamusa 175. Pharus 205 222. Phelem-ge-modona 984. Phelipps 375 393. S. Philibert 124. Philips Sir Edward 59. John 639. Norton 69. Town 989. Phiol what 608. Pichford R. de 542. Pickerings 835. Pickering 754. Pickworth 476. Picot 403. Pictland 895. Firth 1081. Picts lxxx cix 925 934 952 1081. divided into two Nations 952. Wall 837 c. Piddle-River 47. Pierpoints Earls of Kingston 483 746 Pight houses 1086. Pigots 281. Pile of Fouldrey 796. Pilkington 773. Pillerton 499. Pimble-mear 656. Pimpe 209. Pinhoe 40. Pinkneys 429. Pipwel 437. S. Piranus 10. Pitchfords 543. Pitcoal 445 458. Plads 934. Plaisy 345. Plantagenet 33 53 139 587 724 742 763. Playzes 353. Plessets Earls of Warwick 254 508. Plim