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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42117	A vindication of a national-fishery wherein is asserted that the glory, wealth, strength, safety, and happiness of this kingdom, with the flourishing of trade, and growth of navigation, as also the employing of the poor of this realm, doth depend (under God) upon a national-fishery : and all the general, vulgar, (tho' erroneous) objections against encouraging the fishery of England, answer'd, and confuted : to which is added the sovreignty of British-seas.	Gander, Joseph.; Gander, Joseph. Sovereignty of the British-seas asserted.	1699 (1699)	Wing G196; ESTC R227035	28,639	110

A VINDICATION OF A National-Fishery Wherein is Asserted That the GLORY WEALTH STRENGTH SAFETY and HAPPINESS of this KINGDOM with the Flourishing of TRADE and Growth of NAVIGATION As also the Employing the POOR of this Realm doth depend under GOD upon A National-Fishery And all the General Vulgar tho' Erroneous Objections against Encouraging the Fishery of England Answer'd and Confuted To which is added The SOVEREIGNTY of the BRITISH-SEAS England's a Perfect World 'T has Indies two Correct your Maps The Fishery is Peru. LONDON Printed for F. Coggan in the Inner Temple Lane MDCXCIX To the most Noble AND Mighty PRINCE THOMAS Duke of LEEDS MARQVESS of CARMARTHEN EARL of DANBY Viscount Latimore Baron Osbourne of Kiveton Lord President of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy-Council Lord Lieutenant of York-shire Governour of Kingston upon Hull AND KNIGHT OF THE Most Noble Order OF THE GARTER May it please Your Grace THE Great Applause you have so deservedly meritted hath encouraged me to Dedicate this small Epitomy to Your Honour and not knowing any Man that can with more lively Colours represent this Important Affair to the Wisdom of the Nation I lay it at Your Lordship's Feet as an UNDERTAKING which if Your Grace be pleased to Espouse for the Good of the Kingdom you will thereby add another Trophy to your former Atchievements and the Glory of the Action will be Recorded to all Posterity For upon a National-Fishery under God doth depend the Safety Honour and Happiness of this Kingdom the Flourishing of Trade and the Supporting of Credit as in the Sequel of my Discourse I hope I have made appear My Lord this Age gives us too many Examples of Discouraging Ingenuity many Excellent Qualities lying often hid under humble Looks and mean Habits which soon are discountenanc'd and suppress'd by Insulting Greatness and Popular Opulancy But You have shewed by the constant Example of Your Actions that You have Agreed with Seneca in his Renowned Maxim that sola virtus vera Nobilitas When so many others are blinded with their absurd Vanity and airy Greatness But you have rendred your self a true Patriot to your Country and therefore I most humbly implore this Book may be sheltred under the wings of Your Graces Protection who am Right Honourable and Renowned Sir Your Graces most humble And most obedient Servant Joseph Gander TO THE BARONS OF THE Cinque-Ports And the Members of Parliament for the Coasting-Towns and Burroughs of the Kingdom of England Honoured and Worthy Senators THE Cinque-Ports of this Kingdom having signalized their Loyalty and Valour by Sea in several Expeditions for the Glory of the King 's Honour of their Country and Safety of the Realm our preceding Kings confirmed several Dignities on them and amongst the rest made their Members of Parliament Barons as an Encouragement to Navigation and their Prowess And gave them the Honour of Supporting the Canopy over his Head at his Coronation as is supposed by way of Similitude That whereas they had Defended Supported and Maintained his Honour by their Courage against his Enemies by Sea he gave them the Honour to support the Canopy over his Head as a Mark of Honour to them and his Acknowledgement of the Greatness of their Service And many Coasting-Towns and Burroughs have from time to time been endowed with great Priviledges some of them remaining to this day as a mark of Honour by several Kings to Encourage Navigation from whence originally we have beyond all Dispute arrived to the Knowledge we are now attained to in Marine Affairs But now most of those Towns and Burroughs that formerly flourished by their Fishing are reduced to miserable Poverty and Thousands of Families ruined for want of the Fishery And the Gentlemen who have Estates in those Places or near the Coast are exceedingly impair'd Of which Calamity King Henry the 8th had undoubtedly a fore-sight of as appears by the Sratute of 33 of his Reign 't is there thus inserted because the English Fishermen dwelling on the Sea Coasts did leave off their Trade of Fishing in our Seas and went the half Seas over and thereupon they did buy Fish of Pickards Flemmings Normands and Zealanders by reason whereof many Incommodities did grow to the Realm viz. The Decay of the Wealth and Prosperity as well of the Cinque-Ports and Members of the same as of other Coasting-Towns by the Sea-side which were builded and inhabited by great Multitudes of People by reason of Using and Exercising the Feat and Craft of Fishing Secondly The decay of a great Number of Boats and Ships And thirdly the decay of many good Mariners both able in Body by their Diligence Labour and continual Exercise of Fishing and Expert by reason thereof in the Knowledge of our Sea-Coasts as well within the Realm as in other Parts beyond the Seas It was therefore Enacted That no manner of Persons English Denizons or Strangers at that time or any time after should buy any Fish of any Foreigners in the said Ports of Flanders zealand Pickardy or France or upon the Sea between Shoar and Shoar This shews what great Care our former Kings and Parliaments have taken to Preserve the Nursery for Sea-faring Men for the Defence of the Kingdom and for the Preservation of our Coasting Towns c. And have therefore thought fit in all Humility to Dedicate this Book to you as before-mentioned If my sincere Intentions to serve the Kingdom have its desired Success I have my wish who am Your most humble And most obedient Servant J. Gander A VINDICATION OF A National Fishery c. BY the Benign Goodness of God and by the Wise Conduct of our King and the Admirable Wisdom and prudent Care of our Sage Senatours at Home England after a tedious and Chargeable War hath obtained an Honourable Peace And the Sword being now Sheathed His Majesty in his most Gracious Speech to both Houses of Parliament hath declared His Royal Inclination for the Preservation of the Saftety Honour and Happiness of the Kingdom c. So that it is not to be doubted but that the Genius of our Government will make it the Chiefest of their Care to Settle the Affairs of Trade upon the most firmest Foundation for the publick Good of our Nation For the most destructive Consumption that can happen to a Kingdom and the only Nurse of Idleness and Beggary is Want of Trade whereas on the contrary Increase of Trade encourageth Labour Art and Invention and enricheth the Common-Weal And beyond all Dispute the Fishery of England is the Main Trade of this Kingdom rightly Managed The good Patriots of our Country are to weigh the Matter And it is so comprehensive a Blessing that were those Advantages but Industriously improved that Providence hath bestowed on this Island we might consequently be the most Flourishing People in the whole World both by Sea and Land And seeing by the Decay of the Fishing Trade we have lain open to France and Holland by neglecting our own

that the French and Hollanders had never attained to that Force by Sea they are now arrived to if it had not been Encouraged by this Neglect of ours which in all Probability may prove the giving the Sword out of our own Power and to the last Degree prove Fatal to the English Nation if not speedily prevented And since God and Nature hath Offered so great a Treasure and lays it at our own Doors should we not be exceedingly to Blame if we do not accept of such a Wonderful Blessing which no People in the World but our selves can boast of to enjoy in so Bountiful a manner as this is Bestowed on us The Right Method to be taken to Retrieve and Secure our Priviledges ought to be the Great and Speedy Care of the best Patriot of our Country I might give here many Reasons for defending the Right of the Fishery to our own Subjects as upon the Reason of Justice Prudence and Interest and the Right of our Sovereignty of the British Seas admits of no Dispute Some Men may say that it is not a proper time to insist upon or Dispute the Sovereignty of the British Seas For these Reasons First the King is a Hollander Born Secondly that He hath an Estate and Revenues in Holland Thirdly if the States of Holland had not Assisted his Majesty with their Navy and Army in his Expedition against King James he would not have Succeeded in his Design Fourthly That the States of Holland may insist that if they had not Assisted England in the Distress they were involved in King James's Reign they had not been Delivered from Tyranny and Popery c. In Answer to these Objections I Humbly Offer these Considerations As to the First It is true the King was Born in Holland and by the Mothers side English but now His Majesty is Espoused to England by his Coronation Oath and therefore according to the Sacred Writ will no doubt cleave unto his Wife And let some Mens mistakes be what they will He must undoubtedly have a Greater Esteem for the English and for England that hath Crowned him with the Imperial Diadem of these Kingdoms and Dominions than for the Hollanders if once they should oppose the Sovereignty of the British Seas which is now his Right as hath been acknowledged by Hugo Grotius upon the Innaugaration of King James the First of England He rendreth this Magnificent Character of him Tria Sceptra Profundi in Magne Cojere Ducem which is that the Rights of English Scottish and Irish Seas are united under one Scepter neither is he Satisfied with this bare Profession but he goes on Sume animos à Rege tuo Quis det Jura Mari which is Take Courage from the King who giveth Laws to the Sea And in the same Book in contemplation of so great a Power he Concludeeth Finis Hic est qui Fine caret c. that is This is an End beyond an End a Bound that knoweth no Bound a Bound which even the Wind and the Waves must submit unto This is the Acknowledgment of Hugo Grotius himself that before he had disowned the Sovereignty of the British Seas in his Mare Liberum As to the Second Objection The King is not unsensible that his Revenues in England doth far exceed those of Holland and the only way to Secure his Interest there must be by dint of Sword for without that he had never Regained the Principality of Orange And it cannot be supposed that his Majesty should value these Kingdoms and Dominons at so slender a Rate as to lie open to a Foreign Enemy for want of Encouraging a National-Fishery which will be for his Glory the Honour of the Kingdom and the Publick Good in General when he is convinced it is to be done and thereby Secures the Interest and safety of his Dominions both at Home and Abroad As to the Third Objection 'T is allowed the States of Holland did Assist His Majesty with their Navy and Army and in Answer to this the King knows it may be proved from undeniable Record That if Queen Elizabeth of Blessed Memory had not Assisted the States both by Sea and Land when they First Revolted from the King of Spain they would never been freed from the Spanish Yoke nor a free State And further for Her Majestie 's Assistance Offer'd Her the Sovereignty of the Netherlands in Consiederation of Her Royal Bounty and Goodness to them after she had sent Threescore thousand pounds upon on the Account of Sir Thomas Gresham in Anno one Thousand five Hundred Seventy and two so that it is supposed that not only the King but all Christendom knows that the Hollanders owe their Ab-Origine and the Greatness they are now attained to from England So this is but one Service done for another As to the Fourth Objection Beyond all Dispute the King and Kingdom hath taken Care to Pay the Hollanders all the Charges they were at for the Navy and Army But it cannot be supposed that they would quit their Pretensions to the Sovereignty of the British Seas which is the Main Pillar of the Nation As in the Preamble of an Act of Parliament made in the 14. year of the Reign of King Charles the Second it is thus inserted That the Wealth Honour and Safety of this Realm as well for the Maintainance of Trade and Encouragement of Navigation as in many other Respects doth in a High Degree depend on the Fishery And should God Almighty out of his Infinite Mercy and Goodness Inspire the King and Senatours to Revive and Promote this National-Fishery It would be such a Comfort in Danger to this Nation as the Honey Sampson found in the Lyons Jaws And not onely the Coasting Towns Burroughs and adjacent villages be Enriched thereby but the King and Kingdom in General would find the Sweetness of it For did we but Secure the Sovereignty of the British Seas it would not only make the whole World stand in awe of us but Court us to buy our Fish For without it is Impossible the East and Northern Countries should subsist and in many other Places Herrings are every days Meat Winter and Summer as well to draw on drink as to satisfie Hunger and in many Places the Greatest part of the year they are Scarce to be had for soon after Michaelmas the Sound is Frozen so that no Herrings can be Transported thither And France Spain Italy and the Rest of the Catholick Countries could not keep Lent without our Fish which next to their own Salvation they Tender most Dear in Obedience to the Command of the Church of Rome 'T is Observable that the Hollanders make it their Business to infect the People of England that we cannot make the Advantage of the Fishery as they do and therefore it will be convenient to remove all the Vulgar Objections Some will have it that we want Men and others that our Men will never take to it As to the First

what will become of England in Ten or twenty years when in all probability they may be so Potent unless a speedy Check is put to their Carrier that we shall not be able to oppose them And 't is an Universal Maxim that the Forces of Potentates at Sea Sont des Marques de Grandeur d'Estat saith a French Author Whosoever Commands the Sea Commands the Trade of the World He that Commands the Trade Commands the Wealth of the World and consequently the World it self Again as he that is Master of a Field is said to be Master of every Town when it shall please him so he that is Master of the Sea may in some sort be said to be Master of every Countrey at least of such as are bordering on the Sea For he is at liberty to begin and end War where when and upon what Terms he pleaseth and extend his Conquests even to the Antipodes And England being encompassed with the Sea as aforesaid and abounding in Commodious and Excellent Havens Bayes and Ports it excels for Safety and Security which is no small Praise all the Neighbouring Countries in Europe if not all in the World and needs not fear any Neighbouring Nation but only that which grows Potent in Shipping for they onely can deprive us of our Main Security And if an Island can make us as the Continent And if this Nation is once over power'd at Sea we must expect to be the most miserable People in the Vniverse having for so many Generations last past Lorded it over the whole World by Sea that the very Name of the English struck a Terror into all those that durst oppose them When William the First subdued the Realm Conquerour of England that was an easy Fall it proving only prejudicial to some particular Families And he Residing in the Kingdom took all the care imaginable to preserve this Nation as already has been said by his Planting of a New-Forrest with Oaks to his perpetual Glory But if once the Naval Power of England be overcome by the French or Hollanders According to all Human Probability it must prove a Fatal overthrow so far as they can reach with Fire and Sword being Spurr'd on by Ambition and Avarice Revenge and Interest and then we should find the English saying to be too True That the French and Hollanders are like Fire and Water Good Servants but bad Masters And it is most certain that there is no other way to Maintain the Glory and Grandeur of this Kingdom but by Raising a National-Fishery which rightly understood is the Primum Mobile of the Nation 't is the only Palladium of this Realm without which 't is impossible to preserve or revive the former Glory of our Ancestors and Secure the Sovereignty of the British Seas and enrich the Kingdom by Navigation THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE British-Seas ASSERTED ENgland hath claimed a Prerogative of the British Seas time out of Mind and amongst our former and Ancient Kings King Edgar was very Potent who possessing an Absolute Dominion of the Seas Sailed Round about it every Year and secured it with a constant Guard as it is Recorded and what Dominion King Edgar had as absolute Lord of the Sea appears in these Words I Edgar King of England and of all the Islands and of the Ocean lying round about Britain and of all the Nations that are included within the Circuit thereof Supream Lord and Governour do render Thanks to Almighty God my King who hath enlarged my Empire and Exalted it above the Royal Estate of my Progenitors who altho they arrived to the Monarchy of all England ever since Athelstan yet the Divine Goodness hath favoured me to subdue all the Kings of the Islands in the Ocean with their most Stout and Mighty Kings even as far as Norway and the Greatest Part of Ireland together with their most Famous City of Dublin So far Edgar And after him King Conutus left a Testimony of his Sovereignty over the Sea In this Expression Thou O Sea art mine c. And from the Testimony of the Saxons and the Danes we shall descend to the Government of the Normans whereby many Notable and Clear Proofs we shall find as may be gathered out of that Breviary of England called Dooms-Day Rot. Par. 48 Hen. 3. 22. Edw. 1. 2. Rich. 2. The Tribute called Danegelt was paid in the time of the English Saxons which amounted to four Shillings upon every Hide of Land for the Defending the Dominion by Sea Roger Hoverden asserteth it was paid until the Reign of King Stephen and in the Parliament Records of King Richard the Second it is Observable that a Custom was Imposed upon every thing that passed thro' the Northern Admiralty that is from the Thames along the Eastern-Shoar of England towards the North-East for the Maintaining a Guard for the Seas And this was not imposed only upon the English but also upon all the Ships of Foreigners paying at the Rate of Six pence a Tun that passed by such Ships only excepted that brought Merchandize out of Flanders to London Rot. Par. 2 Rich. 2. part 2. Act 38. Seld. Mare Clausum page 334. Rot. Fran. 5. Hen. 4. Rot. Fran. 38. Hen. 6. Rot. Par. 23 Edw. And it appeareth by Publick Records containing divers main points touching which the Judges of the Land were to be consulted for the Good of the Common Wealth That the Kings Sea Dominion which they called the Antient Superiority of the Sea was a Matter beyond all Contradiction amongst all Lawyers of that Age and asserted by the Determinations and Customs of the Law of the Land and by Express Words of the Writs and Forms of the Actions themselves And this Truth was not only comfirmed by the Laws but by our Medals There hath been a Piece of Gold very often Coyned by our Kings called a Rose Noble which was Stamped on the one Side of it a Ship Floating in the Sea and a King Armed with a Sword and a Shield Sitting in the Ship it self as in a Throne to set forth the Representation of the English King by Sea The first Author hereof was Edward the Third when he Guarded his own Seas with a Potent Navy consisting of Eleven Hundred Ships at which time as at others he Marched Victoriously thro' France But of all that has been said there can hardly be alledged a more convincing Argument to prove the Truth of all that hitherto hath been spoken than the acknowledgment of the Sea Dominion of the Kings of England When the Agreement was made by Edward the first of England and Phillip the Fair of France Reyner Grimhald was then Admiral of the French Navy Intercepted and spoyled on the English Seas The Goods of many Merchants that were Sailing to Flanders as well English as others and was not contented with the depredation of their Goods but he Imprisoned their Persons and delivered them up to the Officers of the King of France And