Antonius acts in AEgypt vnder Gabinius Antonius curtesie vnto Archelaus being dead Antonius shape presence The house of the Antonij discended from Hercules Antonius liberalitie Antonius Tribune of the people and Augure Antonius acts for Caesar. Antonius flyeth from Rome vnto Caesar. Cicero reproued for lying Alexander Cyrus Caesar all contended to raigne Caesars ambition the onely cause of the ciuill warre Caesar gaue the charge of Italy vnto Antonius Antonius vices Antonius taketh sea with his army at Brundusium and goeth vnto Caesar. Antonius manthood in warres Antonius led the left wing of Caesars battell at Pharsalla where Pompey left the field The dignitie of the general of the horsemen Dissention betwixt Antonius and Dolabella Antonius abominable life Antonius laid vp his stomack before the whole assembly Antonius insolency Caesar Lepidus Consuls Antonius byeth Pompeys house Antonius maried Fuluia Clodius widowe Fuluia ruled Antonius at home and abroad Caesar Antonius Consuls Antonius vnwittingly gaue Caesars enemies occasion to conspire against him Antonius Lupercian putteth the diademe vpon Caesars head Brutus Cassius conspire Caesars death Consultation about the murther of Antonius with Caesar Antonius maketh vprore among the people for the murther of Caesar. Calpurnia Caesars wife Charonites why so called M. Antonius Consul Caius Antonius Praetor Lucius Antonius Tribune all three brethren Variance betwixt Antonius and Octauius Caesar heire vnto Iulius Caesar. Octauius Caesar ioyned to friendship with Cicero Antonius and Octauius became friends Antonius dreame Antonius iudged an enemy by the Senate Hircius and Pausa Consuls Antonius ouerthrowen in battell by the citie of Modena Antonius pacient in aduersitie Antonius hardnes in aduersitie notwithstanding his fine bringing vp Antonius won all Lepidus army from him Varius surnamed Cotylon The conspiracie and meeting of Caesar Antonius Lepidus The prescription of the Tr 〈…〉 Antonius cruelty vnto Cicero Lucius Caesars life saued by his sister Antonius riot in his Triumâ—â—-rate The praise of Pompey the great The valliantnes of Antonius against Brutus The death of Cassius Brutus slue him selfe Antonius gaue honorable buriall vnto Brutus Antonius great curtesie in Graece The plagues of Italie in riot Antonius crueltie in Asia Hybraeas wordes vnto Antonius touching their great payments of money vnto him Antonius simplicity Antonius maners Antonius louâ— to Cleopatra whom he sent for into Cilicia The wonderfull sumptuousnes of Cleopatra Queene of AEgypt going vnto Antonius Cydnus fl The sumptuous preparations of the suppers of Cleopatra and Antonius Cleopatraes beawtie An order set vp by Antonius Cleopatra The excessiue expences of Antonius and Cleopatra in AEgypt Eight wilde boares rosted whole Philotas a Phisition borne in Amphissa reporter of this feast Philotas Phisition to the younger Antonius Philotas subtil proposition Plato writeth of foure kinde of flatterie Cleopatra Queene of all flatterers Antonius fishing in AEgypt The warres of Lucius Antonius and Fulvia against Octauius Caesar The death of Fuluia Antonius wife All the Empire of Rome deuided betwene the Triamuri Octania the halfe sister of Octauius Caesar daughter of Anchavia which was not Caesars mother A law at Rome for marying of widowes Antonius maried Octauia Octauius Caesar halfe sister Antonius and Octauius Caesar doe make peace with Sexius Pompeius Sextus Pompeius taunt to Antonius Sexius Pompius being offered wonderfull great fortune for his honestie and faithes sake refused it Antonius told by a Soothsayer that his fortune was inferior vnto Octauius Caesar Antonius vnfortunate in sport and earnest against Octauius Caesar Orades king of Parthia Ventidius notable victorie of the Parthians The death of Pacorus the king of Parthians sonne Ventidius the only man of the Romanes that triumphed for the Parthians Canidius conquest Newe displeasures betwext Antonius and Octauius Caesar The wordes of Octauia vnto Macinas and Agrippa Octauia pacifieth the quarrell betwixt Antonius and her brother Octanius Caesar Plato calleth coÌ„cupiscence the lawes of the minde Antonius sent for Cleopatra into Syria Antonius gaue great provinces vnto Cleopatra Antigonius king of Iuvrie the first king beheaded by Antonius Antonius twinnes by Cleopatra their names Phraortes slue his father Orodes king of Persia. Antonius great puisant army Antonius dronke with the loue of Cleopatra Antonius besiegeth the city of Phraata in Media The ParthidÌ„s tooke Antonius engines of battery Battell betwext the Parthians Antonius The Romanes good order in their march Decimation a marshall punishment The craft of the Parthians against the Romanes Antonius returneth from the iorney of the Parthian The ParthiaÌ„ doe see vpon Antonius in his returne The bold act of Flauius Gallus Canidius fault Antonius Captaine Flauius Gallus slaine Antonius care of theâ— that were wounded The loue and reuerence of the souldiers vnto Antonius The rare and singular gifts of Antonius The king of Parthia neuer came to fight in the field Antonius charitable prayer to the gods for his army The Romanes â—estudo and couering against shot Great famine in Antonius army A deadly erbe incurable without wine The valliantnes of tenne thowsand Graecians whome Xenophon brought away after the ouerthrow of Cyrus The Parthians very suttell and craftie people Mithridates a Parthian bewrayeth vnto Antonius the conspiracie of his own contry men against him A salt riuer Antonius great liberalitie vnto Mithridates for the care he had of his saftie The tumult of Antonius soldiers through courteousnes Antonius desperat minde Hroxes ft. 18. seuerall battels fought with the Parthians The trechery of Artabazus king of Armenia vnto Antonius Antonius triumphed of Artabazus king of Armenia in AEgypt Antonius pined away looking for Cleopatra Cleopatra come to BlaÌ„cbourg vnto Antonius VVarres betwixt the Parthians and Medes Octauia Antonius wife came to Athens to meete with him The flickering enticements coments of Cleopatra vnto Antonius The occasion of ciuil warres betwixt Antonius and Caesar. The loue of Octauia to Antonius her husband and her wise and womanly behauior Antonius arrogantly onely deuideth diuers prouinces vnto his children by Cleopatra Caesarian the supposed soÌ„ne of Caesar by Cleopatra Alexander Ptolomy Antonius sonnes by Cleopatra Accusations betwixt Octauius Caesar Antonius Antonius came with eight hundred saile against Octauius Caesar Antonius carieth Cleopatra with him to the warres against Octauius Caesars kept great feasting at the I le of Samos together Antonius put his wife Octauia out of his house at Rome Octauius Caesar exacteth grieuous payments of the Romanes Titius and Plancus reuolt from Antonius and doe yeld to Caesar. A famous librarie in the citie of Pergamum Furnius an eloquent Orator among the Romanes Geminius sent from Rome to Antonius to bid him take heede to him selfe Many of Antonius friends doe forsake him Antonius Empire taken from him Signes and wonders before the ciuill wares betwixt Antonius and Oct. Caesar. Pesaro a citie in Italy sonck into the gretle by an earthquake An ill signe foreshoned by swallowes breding in Cleopatraeas shippe Antonius power against Oct. Caesar. Antonius had eyght kinge
the election of the number of the three hundred Who departing home to his house mery and iocond as might be sayed It did him good to see there were three hundred founde better in the cittie than him selfe Pisistratidas also being sent ambassadour with certen other to the lieutenants of the king of PERSIA the PERSIAN lordes asked him if they came of their owne desire or whether they were sent from the whole state if we obtaine sayed he it is from the state if we be denied then we come of our selues And Argileonida the mother of Brasidas asked some that went to visite her after they were returned home to LACEDAEMON from their iorney to AMPHIPOLIS if her sonne died like a man and a worthy SPARTAN And they straight did commend him highely saying there was not left in all LACEDAEMON suche a valliant man She replied vnto them Saye not so my friends I praye you for Brasidas was in dede a valliant man but the country of LACONIA hath many moe yet vallianter than he was Now touching their Senate Lycurgus was the first that erected it among them The first that were thereof were Lycurgus chief ayders assisters of that erection as we haue declared before but afterwards he ordeined that when any of those first should happen to dye they should choose in his place the most honest reported man in the cittie so he were three score yere olde and aboue This was the noblest glorie that could be among men when a man bare the bell and prise not that he was swiftest among the swift nor strongest amongest the strong but that he among the honest was honestest He had the reward of his vertue as for libertie to speake soueraine authoritie to gouerne and princely power ouer the common weale the honour the life and the goodes of the whole cittizens howbeit the election was made after this sorte The people first assembled in the marketplace where there were some appointed and shut vp thereabout in a house from whēce they could neither see nor be seene of those that were assembled but onely they might heare the noyse which they made there For the people by their crye and showte did declare whom they did choose and whom they did refuse of the competitours as they vsed to shewe their liking by the like crye in other things The competitours were not brought in and presented all together but one after another in order as by lot did fall out He on whom the lot fell passed through the middest of the assemblie of the people and sayed neuer a worde The people straight that liked made a crye or showte alowde The men appointed which were locked vp had bookes or tables in which they wrote and noted the greatnes of the crye and showte the people made as euery competitour passed by not knowing nor seing who he was These hidden men did onely set downe in their bookes the first the second the thirde and so many more as by showtes and cryes they perceyued dyd passe thus through the assemblie They noted also in their said bookes which of these had the greatest crye and showte of people at their passing thorough and him they came and declared to be Senatour chosen Then he wearing a garland of flowers on his head went to all the temples of the goddes in the cittie to geue thankes hauing a great traine of young men following and praysing of his vertues There went also with him a maruelous company of women singing songes of his prayse and howe blessed he was that he had liued so vertuously Then euery one of his kinne prepared a bancket for him at home at their houses and as he entred the house they sayed vnto him The cittie honoreth thee vvith this bancket That done he repayred afterwards to the ordinarie place of their eating where he dyd in all things as he was accustomed sauing he was serued nowe at his table with a double allowance whereof he reserued the one After supper all his kinsewomen stoode in the entrie of the hall where they had eaten so he called her whom he loued best and gaue her his allowaunce he had saued and sayed to her This was geuen me in token I was this daye rewarded for my vertue and euen so I geue it thee for a like token of rewarde for thy vertue Then was she brought home by all the women there to her house euen in like sorte as he was by the men Touching burialles Lycurgus made a wise order For first of all to cut of all superstition of burying places he commaunded they should burie their dead within the cittie that their graues should be round about their temples that young persones might haue them allwayes in their eyes not be affrayed to see a deadbodye as if to touche a corse or to passe by their graues it should defile a man Then did he forbid them to burie any thing with the corse and willed they should only lappe it vp in a redde clothe with oliue leaues It was not lawfull to graue the name of any dead bodye vpon his graue but only of suche a man as died in the warres or of some holy woman professed into their temples Furthermore the time appointed to mourne in was very shorte For it lasted not but a eleuen dayes and on the twelft daye they must doe sacrifice to Proserpina and so leaue of their mourning To conclude he left nothing idle or vnworking in his citizens for to all necessarie things which men can not lacke Lycurgus ioyned euer a certaine emulation of men As to desire vertue and to contemne vice and furnished his cittie with many good preceptes and examples emong which his cittizens being still borne and bred vp and hauing the same in euery place before their eyes where they went they came to passe in time to be framed after the very patterne and moulde of vertue it selfe For this cause he did not suffer any to trauell out of the countrie or to goe abroad as he would without speciall licence for feare least those which trauelled abroad for their pleasure should bring home straunge facions and manners and a corrupt disordered life which by litle and litle might get waye and bring an alteration and chaunge of the whole state Furthermore he kept out of SPARTA all straungers except those which had necessarie busines there or were come thither for some profit to the countrie not that he was affrayed they should learne some thing whereby to loue vertue or that they should desire to followe his facion and manner of gouernment as Thucydides was but rather fearing they should teache his citizens some naughty manners or some ill fauored vice For it must needes be that straungers bring euerstraunge and newe deuises with them which newe deuises bring with them also newe opinions and newe opinions beget newe affections and mindes that many times are repugnant to the lawe and to the forme of the
ioyne with him the wisedome of Nicias and appointed Lamachus also for their third captaine whom they sent thither though he were waxen now somewhat olde as one that had shewed him selfe no lesse venturous and hardie in some battells then Alcibiades him selfe Now when they came to resolue of the number of souldiers the furniture and order of these warres Nicias sought crookedly to thwart this iorney and to breake it of altogether but Alcibiades withstoode him and gate the better hande of him There was an orator called Demostratus who moued the people also that the captaines whom they had chosen for these warres might haue full power and authoritie to leauy men at their discretion and to make suche preparation as they thought good whereunto the people condescended and dyd authorise them But when they were euen readie to goe their waye many signes of ill successe lighted in the necke one of another and amongest the rest this was one That they were commaunded to take shippe on the daye of the celebration of the feast of Adonia on the which the custome is that women doe set vp in diuers placeâ— of the cittie in the middest of the streates images like to dead corses which they carie to buriall and they represent the mourning and lamentations made at the funeralles of the dead with blubbering and beating them selues in token of the sorowe the goddesse Venâ—â— made for the death of her friend Adonis Moreouer the Hermes which are the images of Mercurie and were wont to be set vp in euery lane and streete were found in a night all hacked and hewed and mangled specially in their faces but this put diuers in great feare and trouble yea euen those that made no accompt of suche toyes Whereupon it was alledged that it might be the CORINTHIANS that dyd it or procured that lewde acte to be done fauoring the SYRACVSANS who were their neere kynsemen and had bene the first fownders of them imagining vpon this ill token it might be a cause to breake of the enterprise and to make the people repent them that they had taken this warre in hande Neuertheles the people would not allow this excuse neither hearken to their wordes that sayed they should not reckon of any such signes or tokens and that they were but some light brained youthes that being â—ippled had played this shamefull parte in their brauerie or for sporte But for all these reasons they tooke these signes very greuously and were in deede not a litle afeard as thinking vndoutedly that no man durst haue bene so bolde to haue done suche an abhominable facte but that there was some conspiracie in the matter Hereupon they looked apon euery suspition and coniecture that might be how litle or vnlikely soeuer it were and that very seuerely and both Senate and people also met in counsell vpon it very ofte and in a fewe dayes Now whilestâ— they were busilie searching out the matter Androcles a common counseller and orator in the common wealth brought before the counsell certaine slaues and straungers that dwelt in ATHENS who deposed that Alcibiades and other of his friends and companions had hacked and mangled other images after that sorte and in a mockerie had counterfeated also in a banket that he made the ceremonies of the holy mysteries declaring these matters particularly How one Theodorus counterfeated the herauld that is wonte to make the proclamations Polytion the torche bearer and Alcibiades the priest who sheweth the holy signes and mysteries and that his other companions were the assistantes as those that make sute to be receyued into their religion and order and into the brotherhood of their holy mysteries whom for this cause they call â— Mystes These very wordes are written in the accusation Thessalus Cimons sonne made against Alcibiades charging him that he had wickedly mocked the two goddesses Ceres Proserpina Whereat the people being maruelously moued and offended and the orator Androcles his mortall enemie aggrauating stirring them vp the more against him Alcibiades a litle at the first beganne to be amased at it But afterwards hearing that the mariners which were prepared for the voyage of SICILIA and the souldiers also that were gathered dyd beare him great good will and specially how the ayde and that bande that came from ARGOS and Mantinea being a thousand footemen well armed and appointed dyd saye openly how it was for Alcibiades sake they dyd take vpon them so long a voyage beyond sea that if they went about to doe him any hurte or wrong they would presently returne home againe from whence they came he beganne to be of a good corage againe and determined with this good fauorable opportunitie of time to come before the counsell to aunswer to all suche articles and accusations as should be layed against him Thereupon his enemies were a litle cooled fearing least the people in this iudgement would haue shewed him more fauour bicause they stoode in nede of him Wherefore to preuent this daunger they had fed other Oratours who set a good face on the matter as they had bene Alcibiades friends and yet bare him no lesse good will then the ranckest enemies he had These fine fellowes rose vp in open assembly and sayed it was no reason that he that was now chosen one of the generalles of so mightie and puissant an armie being ready to hoyse sayle and the ayde also of their allies and friendes should be driuen to staye now and to lose time and occasion of well doing whilest they should goe about to choose iudges and appointe him his howres and time of aunswer Therefore they sayed it was fit he should take his iorney betimes and when warres were done that he should present him selfe to requier iustice and to purge him selfe of suche matters as should be obiected against him But Alcibiades smelling streight their fetche and perceyuing the practise of his staye stept vp and declared how they dyd him great wrong to make him departe with the charge of a generall of so great an armie his minde being troubled with continuall feare of so grieuous curses as he should leaue apon him and that he deserued death if he could not purge and iustifie him selfe of all the vniust and surmised accusations against him And if he had once clered him selfe of all thinges and had published his innocencie he should then haue nothing in his head to trouble him nor to thinke vpon but to goe on lustely to fight with his enemies and to cast behinde him the daunger of all his slaunderous detracters But all this could not persuade them And so he was presently commaunded in the behalfe of the people to imbarke shippe awaye his men Thus he was compelled to take the seas with his other companions hauing in their nauie about a hundred and forty gallyes all hauing three owers to a bancke fiue thousand one hundred footemen very well armed and appointed throwers with slingers archers
carye it to Ilia bicause she had diuers times prayed him to let her see and feele it to the ende she might be the more assured of her hope who promised her that one daye she should see her children againe So it chaunced vnto Amulius at that time as it commonly dothe vnto those that are troubled and doe any thing in feare or anger as a man amazed thereat to send one presently who in all other things was a very honest man but a great friende of his brother Numitors to aske him if he had heard any thing that his daughters children were aliue This persone being come to Numitors house founde him ready to embrace Remus who fell to be witnes thereof and of the good happe discouered vnto Numitor whereupon he perswaded him howe to set vpon his brother and to dispatche the matter with spede So from that time forwards he tooke their parte On thother side also the matter gaue them no leisure to deferre their enterprise although they had bene willing for the whole case was somewhat blowen abroade So Romulus then got straight a power and drewe very neere the cittie and many of the citizens of ALBA went out to ioyne with him who either feared or hated Amulius Nowe Romulus power which he brought ouer and besides those citizens was a good number of fighting men and they were diuided by hundreds and euery hundred had his captaine who marched before his bande carying litle bundells of grasse or of boughes tyed to the ende of their poles The LATINES call these bundels Manipulos whereof it commeth that yet at this daye in an armie of the Romaines the souldiers which are all vnder one ensigne are called Manipulares So Remus sturring vp those that were within the cittie and Romulus bringing in men from without the tyranne Amulius fell in suche feare and agonie that without prouiding any thing for his safety they came vpon him sodainly in his palace and slewe him Thus you heare howe neere Fabius Pictor and Diocles Peparethian doe agree in reciting the storie who was the first in mine opinion that wrote the foundation of the cittie of ROME howbeit there are that thincke they are all but fables tales deuised of pleasure But me thincks for all that they are not altogether to be reiected or discredited if we will consider fortunes straunge effects vpon times and of the greatnes also of the Romaine empire which had neuer atchieued to her present possessed power authoritie if the goddes had not frō the beginning bene workers of the same if there had not also bene some straūge cause and wonderfull foundation Amulius being nowe slayne as before after that all things were appeased and reduced to good order againe Remus and Romulus would not dwell in the cittie of ALBA being no lordes thereof nor also would be lords of it so long as their grandfather by the mothers side was aliue Wherefore after they had restored him to his estate and had done the honour and duety they ought vnto their mother they purposed to goe build a cittie in those places where they had bene first brought vp for this was the honestest culler they could pretend for their departing from ALBA Peraduenture they were enforced so to doe whether they would or not for the great number of banished men and fugitiue slaues which were gathered together by them for their strength who had bene vtterly lost and cast away if they had bene once discharged by them Therfore it was of necessitie that they should dwell by them selues separated in some place to kepe this number together and in some order For it is true that the inhabitants of the cittie of ALBA would not suffer such banished persones and runnagates to be mingled amongest them nor would receaue them into their cittie to be free among them All which appeareth sufficiently first bicause they tooke awaye women by force and so not of insolencie but of necessitie when they founde no man that would bestow any of them It is manifest also they dyd greately honour and make much of the women they had taken away before Furthermore when their cittie beganne a litle to be setled they made a temple of refuge for all fugitiues and afflicted persones which they called the temple of the god Asylaeus Where there was sanctuarie and safety for all sortes of people that repaired thither and could get into the temple for whom it was alledged they could not deliuer any bonde man to his master nor detter to his creditor nor murtherer to the iustice that was fled thither for succor bicause the oracle of Apollo the Delphian had expresslely enioyned them to graunte sanctuary to all those that would come thither for it So by this meanes in shorte space their cittie florished was repleanished where at the first foundation of it they saye there was not aboue one thousand houses as more at large hereafter shal be declared When they came nowe to the building of their cittie Romulus Remus the two brethern fell sodainely at a strife together about the place where the cittie should be builded For Romulus built ROME which is called foure square and would needes it should remaine in the place which he had chosen Remus his brother chose another place very strong of situation vpon mounte Auentine which was called after his name Remonium and nowe is called Rignarium Notwithstanding in the ende they agreed betwene them selues this controuersie should be decided by the flying of birds which doe geue a happy diuination of things to come So being sett in diuers places by them selues to make obseruation some saye that there appeared vnto Remus sixe and to Romulus twelue vulters Other saye that Remus truely sawe sixe and Romulus feigned from the beginning that he sawe twise as many but when Remus came to him then there appeared twelue in deede vnto Romulus and this is the cause why the Romaines at this daye in their diuinations and soothesayings of the flying of birds doe maruelously obserue the flying of the vulters It is true which the historiographer Herodotus Ponticus writeth that Hercules reioyced much when there appeared a vulter to him being readie to beginne any enterprise For it is the foule of the worlde that dothe least hurte and neuer marreth nor destroyeth any thing that man dothe sowe plante or set considering that she feedeth on carion only and dothe neuer hurte nor kill any liuing thing Also she dothe not praye vpon dead sowle for the likenes that is betwene them where the eagles the dukes and the sakers doe murther kill and eate those which are of their owne kynde And yet as AEschylus sayeth Needes must that fovvle accompted be most vile Most rauening and full of filthie minde VVhich doth him self continually defile by praying still vpon his propre kinde Moreouer other birdes are allwayes as a man would saye before our eyes and doe daylie shewe
pleasaunt to his citizens to beholde did cut downe a goodly straight growen young oke which he lighted on by good fortune in the place where his campe did lye The same he trimmed dyd set forth after the manner of victorie hanging and tying all about it in fayer order the armour and weapons of king Acron Then he girding his gowne to him and putting vpon his long bushe of heare a garland of lawrell layed the young oke vpon his right shoulder and he first marched before towards his cittie songe a royall songe of victorie all his armie following him in armes vnto the cittie in order of battell where his citizens receyued him in all passing wise triumphe This noble stately entrie euer since hath geuen them minds in such sorte in statelier wise to make their triumphe The offering of this triumphe was dedicated to Iupiter surnamed Feretrian bicause the Latine worde Ferire signifieth to hurt kill the prayer Romulus had made was he might hurt kill his enemie Such spoyles are called in Latine Spolia opima therefore sayeth Varro that opes signifie riches Howbeit me thinckes it were more likely to saye that they were so named of this worde Opus which betokeneth a dede bicause he must needes be the chief of the armie that hath slayne with his owne hands the generall of his enemies that must offer the spoyles called Spolia opima as you would saye his principal spoyles dedes This neuer happened yet but to three Romaine captaines onely of the which Romulus was the first who slew Acron king of the CENINENSES Cornelius Cossus was the second who killed Tolumnius the generall of the THVSCANS Clodius Marcellus was the thirde who slewe Britomartus king of the GAVLES with his owne hands And for the two last Cossus Marcellus they made their entrie into the cittie carrying their triumphes vpō charets triumphant but Romulus dyd not so Therefore in this poynt Dionysius the historiographer hath erred writing that Romulus dyd enter into ROME vpon a charret triūphant For it was Tarquinius Priscus the sonne of Demaratus who first dyd set out triumphes in so stately and magnificent showe Other holde opinion it was Valerius Publicola who was the first that euer entred vpon triumphant charret Concerning Romulus his statues are yet to be seene in Rome carying his triumphe a soote After this ouerthrowe taking of the CENINENSES the inhabitants of the citties of FIDENA CRVSTVMERIVM ANTEMNA rose altogether against the ROMAINES whiles the other SABYNES also were a preparing thē selues So they fought a battell in which they tooke the ouerthrowe left their citties to the spoyle of Romulus their lands to be geuen where he thought good and them selues to be caried to ROME Romulus then dyd geue their lands among his cittizens except those lands which did belong to the fathers of the maydens that they had taken away rauished For he was contēted that the fathers of them should kepe still their lāds By by the other SABYNES stomaking thereat did chuse them a generall called Tatius so went with a puysant army toward the cittie of ROME whereunto to approche at that time it was very harde the castell or keepe of their cittie of being seated where at this day the Capitoll standeth within which there was a great garrison whereof Tarpeius was captaine not his daughter Tarpeia as some will saye who set out Romulus as a foole But Tarpeia the captaines daughter for the desire she had to haue all the golde bracelets which they dyd weareabout their armes solde the forte to the SABYNES and asked for reward of her treason all they did weare on their left armes Tatius promised them vnto her she opened them a gate in the night by the which she did let all the SABYNES into the castell Antigonus then was not alone who sayed he loued those which did betraye hated thē that had betrayed nor yet Caesar Augustus who told Rymitalces the THRACIAN that he loued treason but he hated traytors And it is a comon affection which we beare to wicked persons whilest we stand in neede of them not vnlike for all the world to those which haue nede of the gall poyson of venemous beasts For when they finde it they are glad take it to serue their turne but after their turne is serued they haue that they sought they hate the crueltie of such beasts So played Tatius at that time For when he was gotten into the castell he cōmanded the SABYNES for performance of his promise he had made to Tarpeia they should not sticke to geue her all they weare on their left armes to doe as he did who taking from his owne arme first the bracelet which he ware did cast it to her and his target after And so did all the rest in like sorte in so much as being borne downe to the ground by the weight of bracelets targets she dyed as pressed to deathe vnder her burden Neuertheles Tarpeius self was atteinted condēned also of treason by Romulus order as Iuba sayeth it is set forth by Sulpitius Galba They that write nowe otherwise of Tarpeia saying she was the daughter of Tatius generall of the SABYNES was forced by Romulus to lie with him how she was punished in this sorte by her own father after her said treason cōmitted those I saye amōgest whom Antigonus is one are not to be credited And the poet Simylus also dothe dote most who sayeth Tarpeia solde the Capitoll not to the SABYNES but to the king of GAVLES with whom she was in loue as in these verses dothe appeare Tarpeia that mayde of foolishe mynde vvhich nere vnto the Capitoll did dvvell In feruent flames of beastly loue be blynde vvherevvith the king of Gaules did make her svvell Causd stately ROMEsurprised for to be by enemies as euery man maye see And so throughe hope of his fidelitie betrayed her syre vvith all his familie And a litle after in speaking of the manner of her deathe he sayeth also Yet lo the Gaules those vvorthie men of might threvv her not dovvne into the vvaues of Po But from their armes vvherevvith they vvonte to fight they cast their shields vpon her body so That she surprest vvith such an heauy vvaight Ah vvoefull mayde to death vvas smoothred straight This may den therefore being buried in the same place the whole hill was called afterwardes Tarpeius after her name which continued vntill Tarquinius the King dyd dedicate all the place to Iupiter for then they caryed her bones into some other place and so it lost her name Onles it be that rocke of the Capitoll which at this present time they call Rupes Tarpeia from the toppe whereof they were wonte in olde time to throwe downe hedlong all wicked offenders When the SABYNES now had gotten this holde Romulus being exceeding
afterwards when she was forsaken of her sonne onles peraduenture those things that they write of the imprisonment and captiuitie of AEthra be founde false and but fables as for the same and memorie of Theseus were behouefull that both it and many other things also were of no more trothe nor likelyhood That which they write of Romulus diuinements maketh great difference betwene him and Theseus For Romulus in his birthe was preserued by the maruelous fauour of the goddes Theseus to the contrarie was begotten against the goddes will as appeared plainely by the aunswer of the oracle to AEgeus that he should not medle with any woman in straunge and foraine countrie The ende of Romulus life THE LIFE OF Lycurgus A MAN can not speake any thing at all of Lycurgus who made the lawes of the LACEDAEMONIANS but he shall finde great contrarietie of him amongest the historiographers For of his parentage trauaill out of his countrie of his deathe and making of lawes of his forme and gouernment and order of executing the same they haue written diuersely And yet aboue all things concerning him they agree worst about the time he liued in For some of them and Aristotle is of that number will needes haue him to haue bene in the time of Iphytus and that he dyd helpe him to stablish the ordinaunce that all warres should cease during the feast of the games olympicall for a testimonie whereof they alledge the copper coyte which was vsed to be throwen in those games and had founde grauen vpon it the name of Lycurgus Other compting the dayes and time of the succession of the kings of LACEDAEMON as Eratosthenes and Apollodorus saye he was many yeres before the first Olympiades Timaeus also thincketh there were two of this name and in diuers times howbeit the one hauing more estimation then the other men gaue this Lycurgus the glorie of both their doings Some saye the eldest of the twaine was not longe after Homer and some write they sawe him Xenophon sheweth vs plainely he was of great antiquitie saying he was in the time of the Heraclides who were neerest of bloude by descent to Hercules For it is likely Xenophon ment not those Heraclides which descended from Hercules self for the last kings of SPARTA were of Hercules progenie aswell as the first Therefore he meaneth those Heraclides which doubtles were the first and nearest before Hercules time Neuertheles though the historiographers haue written diuersely of him yet we will not leaue to collect that which we finde written of him in auncient histories and is least to be denied and by best testimonies most to be prooued And first of all the poet Simonides sayeth his father was called Prytanis and not Eunomus and the most parte doe write the pettigree otherwise aswell of Lycurgus self as of Eunomus For they saye that Patrocles the sonne of Aristodemus begate Sous and Sous begate Eurytion and Eurytion begate Prytanis and Prytanis begat Eunomus and Eunomus begat Polydectes of his first wife and Lycurgus of the second wife called Dianassa yet Euthychidas an other writer maketh Lycurgus the sixte of descent in the right line from Polydectes and the eleuenth after Hercules But of all his auncesters the noblest was Sous in whose time the cittie of SPARTA subdued the Ilotes and made them slaues and dyd enlarge and increase their dominion with the lands and possessions they had got by conquest of the Arcadians And it is sayed that Sous him self being on a time straightly besieged by the CLITORIANS in a hard drye grounde where no water could be founde offered them thereupon to restore all their lands againe that he had gotten from them if he and all his companie dyd drincke of a fountaine that was there not farre of The CLITORIANS dyd graunte vnto it and peace also was sworne betweene them Then he called all his souldiers before him and tolde them if there were any one amongest them that would refrayne from drincking he would resigne his kingdome to him howbeit there was not one in all his companie that could or would forbeare to drincke they were so sore a thirst So they all drancke hartely except him self who being the last that came downe dyd no more but a litle moyste his mowthe without and so refreshed him self the enemies selues standing by and drancke not a droppe By reason whereof he refused afterwards to restore their lands he had promised alledging they had not all droncke But that notwithstanding he was greately esteemed for his actes and yet his house was not named after his owne name but after his sonnes name Eurytion they of his house were called Eurytionides The reason was bicause his sonne Eurytion to please the people dyd first let fall and geue ouer the sole and absolute power of a king Whereupon there followed afterwardes marueilous disorder and dissolution which continued a great time in the citie of SPARTA For the people finding them selues at libertie became very bolde and disobedient and some of the Kinges that succeeded were hated euen to deathe bicause they woulde perforce vse their auncient authoritie ouer the people Other either to winne the loue and goodwilles of the people or bicause they sawe they were not stronge enough to rule them dyd geue them selues to dissemble And this dyd so muche increase the peoples lose and rebellious mindes that Lycurgus owne father being Kinge was slayne among them For one daye as he was parting a fraye betweene two that were fighting he had suche a wounde with a kytchin knyfe that he dyed and left his Realme to his eldest sonne Polydectes who dyed also sone after and without heyre of his bodye as was supposed In so muche as euery man thought Lycurgus should be Kinge and so he tooke it vpon him vntill it was vnderstoode that his brothers wife was younge with childe Which thing so soone as he perceyued he published openly that the Realme belonged to the childe that should be borne if it were a sonne After this he gouerned the Realme but as the Kings lieutenante and regent The LACEDAEMONIANS call the regents of their Kinges that are left within age Prodicos Lycurgus brothers widowe dyd send and let him secretly vnderstande that if he would promise to marye her when he should be King that she would come before her time and either miscarye or destroye that she went with Lycurgus detestably abhorring this brutishe and sauage vnnaturallnes of the woman dyd not reiect her offer made him but seemed rather to be very glad then to dislike of it Neuertheles he sent her worde againe she should not neede to trye masteryes with drinckes and medicines to make her come before her time for so doing she might bring her selfe in daunger and be cast awaye for euer Howbeit he aduised her to goe her full time and to be brought a bed in good order and then he would finde meanes enough to make awaye the childe that
out with it and how contrariwise he founded this temple to Minerua to giue her thanckes for healing of his eye Hereof it came that euer since the SPARTANS haue bene restrayned to carie staues in any assembly of counsell But to returne to their common repastes which the CRETANS called Andria and the LACEDAEMONIANS Phiditia either bicause they were places wherein they learned to liue soberly and straightly for in the GREKE tongue Phido is to saue and spare or els bicause their amitie and friendshippe grewe there towards one another as if they would haue called them Philitia feasts of loue by chaunging d. into L It maye be also they added the first letter as superfluous and ment to call the places Edetia bicause they dyd eate and drincke there They sat in their halles by fifteene in a companie litle more or lesse and at the beginning of euery moneth euery one brought a bushell of meale eight gallons of wine fiue pound of cheese and two pound and a halfe of figges for a man besides some litle portion of their monye to buye certaine freshe acates And ouer and aboue all this euery man when he dyd sacrifice in his house was bounde to send the best and chiefest things of his sacrifice to the halles to be eaten Likewise if any man went an hunting and killed any venison it was an order he should send a pece of the fleshe thither Hauing these two lawfull causes they might eate and drinke by them selues at home either when they sacrificed any beast to the goddes or when they came late home from hunting otherwise they were bounde of necessitie to meete in their halles at meales if they would eate any thing This order they kept very straightly a great time in so muche as king Agis on a daye returning from the warres where he had ouerthrowen the ATHENIANS and being desirous to suppe at home priuately with the Queene his wife he sent to the halles for his portion But the Polemarchi that be certaine officers assisting the Kings in the warres dyd denye him The next daye Agis left of for spight to doe the accustomed sacrifice they were wont to celebrate in the ende of euery warre whereupon they set a fine on his head and condemned him to paye it The young children also went to these repasts euen as they should goe to schooles to learne grauity and temperaunce where they heard wise and graue discourses touching the gouernment of a common weale but not of masters that were as hierlinges There they learned pretylie to playe vpon wordes and pleasauntly to sporte one with another without any broade speaches or vncomely Iestes and at others handes to beare the same againe without choller or anger For this propertie haue the LACEDAEMONIANS aboue all other to take and geue a mocke without any offence neuertheles if any mans nature could not beare it he neded but praye the partie to forbeare his iesting and so he lefte it straight And it was euer an ordinarie among them that the eldest of the companie tolde the rest that were come into the hall to meale with shewing them of the dore Sirs remember there goeth not a worde here out of this dore Euen so he that would be receyued to meale there in their companie must first of necessitie be allowed and receyued in this sorte by all the rest Euery one of them tooke a litle balle of branne or dowe to washe their handes with and without euer a word speaking they threwe it into a basen which the seruant that waited on them at the table dyd carie vpon his head he that was contented the other should be receyued in companie dyd cast in his balle as he dyd receyue it but if he misliked him then he pressed it flat betwene his fingers and threwe it in This ball of branne thus pressed flat was asmuch as a beane bored thorough and was to them a signe of condemnation If any one balle were found of this sorte the suter was reiected for they would not haue any enter into their companie that was not liked of all the rest He that thus was reiected they saye he was discadded for the basin wherein the litle balles were caried was called Caddos The best dishe they serued at these meales was that they call their blacke brothe so that when they had that the olde men dyd eate no fleshe but lefte it all to the younge men and they by them selues dyd eate the brothe There was a king of PONTVS that being desirous to taste of this blacke broth dyd buye of purpose a LACEDAEMONIAN cooke but after he had once a tasted thereof he was very angry straight The cooke then sayed vnto him and it please your grace ere one shall finde this brothe good he must be washed first in the riuer of Eurotas After they had eate and druncke thus soberly together euery one repaired home without any light for it was not lawfull for them to goe thither nor any where els with light bicause they should accustome them selues boldely to goe vp and downe the darcke and all about in the night This was the order and manner of their meales But here is specially to be noted that Lycurgus would in no wise haue any of his lawes put in writing For it is expressely set downe in his lawes they call Retra that none of his lawes should be written For he thought that which should chiefly make a cittie happie and vertuous ought throughly by education to be printed in mens heartes and manners as to haue continuaunce for euer which he tooke to be loue and good will as a farre stronger knot to tye men with then any other compulsary lawe Which when men by vse and custome through good education doe take in their childhoode it maketh euery man to be a lawe to himselfe Furthermore concerning buying and barganing one with another which are but trifles and sometime are chaunged in one sorte and sometime in another as occasion serueth he thought it best not to constrayne them to doe it by writing nor to establishe customes that might not be altered but rather to leaue them to the libertie and discretion of men which had bene brought vp in the same bothe to take awaye and to adde therein as the case and time should require But to conclude he thought the chiefest pointe of a good lawe maker or reformer of the common weale was to cause men to be well brought vp and instructed One of his ordinaunces therefore was expressely that not one of his lawes should be written Another of his deuises was against superfluous charges and expences which to auoyde he made a lawe that all roofes of houses should be made only with the axe and all gates and doores with the sawe and that without any other toole of occupation Wherein he had the like imagination as afterwards Epaminondas had when he sayed speaking of his table Such a borde neuer receyueth
forasmuch as the whole prouince of ATTICA was very drye and had great lacke of water being not full of riuers ronning streames nor lakes nor yet stored with any great nūber of springs insomuch as they are driuen there to vse through the most parte of the countrie water drawen out of welles made with mens handes he made such an order that where there was any well within the space of an Hippicon that euery bodye within that circuite might come and drawe water onely at that well for his vse and necessitie Hippicon is the distaunce of foure furlonges which is halfe a mile those that dwelt further of should goe seeke their water in other places where they would But if they had digged tenne yardes deepe in their grounde and could finde no water in the bottome in this case they might lawfully goe to their next neighbours well and take a pot full of water conteining six gallons twise a daye iudging it great reason that necessitie should be holpen but not that idlenes should be cherished He appointed also the spaces that should be kept obserued by those that would set or plant trees in their ground as being a man very skilfull in these matters For he ordeined that whosoeuer would plante any kynde of trees in his grounde he should set them fiue foote a sonder one from another but for the figge tree and olyue tree specially that they should in any case be nine foote a sonder bicause these two trees doe spread our their branches farre of they cannot stand neere other trees but they must needes hurte them very much For besides that they drawe awaye the same that doth nourishe the other trees they cast also a certaine moisture steame vpon them that is very hurtefull incōmodious More he ordeined that whosoeuer would digge a pytte or hole in his grounde he should digge it as farre of from his neighbours pyt as the pytte he digged was in depth to the bottome And he that would set vp a hiue of bees in his grounde he should set them at the least three hundred foote from other hiues set about him before And of the fruites of the earth he was contented they should transporte and sell only oyle out of the Realme to straungers but no other fruite or graine He ordeined that the gouernour of the cittie should yerely proclaime open curses against those that should doe to the contrarie or els he him selfe making default therein should he fined at a hundred drachmes This ordinaunce is in the first table of Solon lawes and therefore we maye not altogether discredit those which saye they did forbid in the olde time that men should carie figges out of the countrie of ATTICA and that from thence it came that these picke thanckes which bewraye accuse them that transported figges were called Sycophantes He made another lawe also against the hurte that beastes might doe vnto men Wherein he ordeined that if a dogge did bite any man he that ought him should deliuer to him that was bitten his dogge tyed to a logge of timber of foure cubites longe this was a very good deuise to make men safe from dogges But he was very straight in one lawe he made that no straunger might be made denizen and free man of the cittie of ATHENS onles he were a banished man for euer out of his countrie or els that he should come dwell there with all his familie to exercise some crafte or science Notwithstanding they saye he made not this lawe so much to put straungers from there freedome there as to drawe them thither assuring them by this ordinaunce they might come and be free of the cittie and he thought moreouer that both the one the other would be more faithfull to the common weale of ATHENS The one of them for that against their willes they were driuen to forsake their countrie the other sorte for that aduisedly and willingly they were contented to forsake it This also was another of Solons lawes which he ordeined for those that should feast certē dayes at the towne house of the cittie at other mens cost For he would not allow that one man should come often to feasts there And if any man were inuited thither to the feast and dyd refuse to come he dyd set a fine on his head as reprouing the miserable niggardlines of the one and the presumptuous arrogancy of the other to contemne despise common order After he had made his lawes he dyd stablishe them to continewe for the space of one hundred yeres and they were written in tables of wood called Axones which were made more long then broade in the which they were grauen whereof there remaine some monuments yet in our time which are to be seene in the towne hall of the cittie of ATHENS Aristotle sayeth that these tables were called Cyrbes And Cratinus also the Comicall poet sayeth in one place of Solon Dracon that Cyrbes was a vessell or panne wherein they dyd frye millet or hirse Howbeit others saye that Cyrbes properly were the tables which conteined the ordinaunces of the sacrifices and Axones were the other tables that concerned the common weale So all the counsels magistrates together dyd sweare that they would kepe Solons lawes them selues also cause them to be obserued of others throughly particularly Then euery one of the Thesmothetes which were certaine officers attēdaunt on the counsell had speciall charge to see the lawes obserued dyd solēnly sweare in the open market place neere the stone where the proclamations are proclaimed and euery of them both promised vowed openly to keepe the same lawes that if any of them dyd in any one pointe breake the said ordinaunces then they were content that such offender should paye to the temple of Apollo at the cittie of DELPHES an image of fine golde that should waye as much as him self Moreouer Solon seeing the disorder of the moneths the mouing of the moone which followed not the course of the sunne vsed not to rise fall when the sunne doth but oftetimes in one daye it doth both touche passe the sunne he was the first that called the chaunge of the moone Ene caì néa as much to saye as olde and newe moone Allowing that which appeared before the coniunction to be of the moneth past that which shewed it self after the coniunction to be of the moneth following And he was the first also in my opinion that vnderstoode Homer rightly when he sayed then beginneth the moneth when it endeth The day following the chaunge he called Neomenia as much to saye as the newe moneth or the newe moone After the twenty day of the moneth which they called Icada he reckoned not the rest of the moneth as increasing but as in the wane gathered it by seing the light of the moone decreasing vntill the thirtie day Now after his
become slaues for feare to lose things that haue neither soule nor life And yet our cittie I tell thee is the greatest of all GREECE for it is a fleete of two hundred galleys ready to fight which are come hither to saue you if you list But if you will needes goe your wayes forsake vs the seconde time you shall heare tell ere it be long that the ATHENIANS haue another free cittie haue possessed againe as much good land as that they haue already lost These wordes made Eurybiades presently thincke and feare that the ATHENIANS would not goe and that they would forsake them And as another Eretrian was about to vtter his reason against Themistocles opinion he could not but aunswer him Alas and must you my masters talke of warres to that are like to a Sleue In deede you haue a sworde but you lacke a harte Some write that whilest Themistocles was talking thus from his galley they spyed an owle flying on the right hande of the shippes which came to light on one of the mastes of the galleys and that hereupon all the other GREECIANS dyd agree to his opinion and prepared to fight by sea But when the flete of their enemies shippes shewed on the coastes of ATTICA harde by the hauen Phalericus and couered all the riuers thereabouts as farre as any bodie could see and that king Xerxes him selfe was come in persone with all his army by lande to campe by the sea side so that his whole power both by lande and sea might be seene in sight then the GREECIANS had forgotten all Themistocles goodly persuasions and beganne to incline againe to the PELOPONNESIANS considering how they might recouer the goulfe of PELOPONNESVS and they dyd growe very angry when any man went about to talke of any other matter To be shorte it was concluded that they should sayle awaye the next night following the masters of the shippes had order geuen them to make all things readie for them to departe Themistocles perceyuing their determination he was maruelous angry in his minde that the GREECIANS would thus disperse them selues a sonder repairing euery man to his owne cittie and leauing the aduantage which the nature of the place the straight of the arme of the sea where they laye in harber together did offer them and so he bethought him selfe howe this was to be holpen Sodainely the practice of one Sicinus came into his minde who being a PERSIAN borne and taken prisoner before in the warres loued Themistocles very well and was schoolemaster to his children This Sicinus he secretly sent vnto the king of PERSIA to aduertise him that Themistocles generall of the ATHENIANS was very desirous to become his maiesties seruaunte and that he dyd let him vnderstand betimes that the GREECIANS were determined to flye and ther̄efore that he wished him not to let them scape but to set vpon them whilest they were troubled and affrayed and farre from their army by lande to the ende that vpon a sodaine he might ouerthrowe their whole power by sea Xerxes supposing this intelligence came from a man that wished him well receyued the messenger with great ioye and thereupon gaue present order to his captaines by sea that they should imbarke their men into the other shippes at better leysure and that presently they should put out with all possible speede two hundred sayle to followe the GREECIANS in the taile to shut vp the foreland of the straite and to compasse the Iles all about that not one of his enemies shippes should scape and so it fell out Then Aristides Lysimachus sonne being the first that perceyued it went to Themistocles tente though he was his enemie and through his only meanes had bene banished before as ye haue heard and calling him out told him how they were enuironned Themistocles who knewe well enough the goodnes of this man being very glad he came at that time to seeke him out declared vnto him the pollicie he had vsed by the message of Sicinus praying him to put to his helpe to staye the GREECIANS and to procure with him considering his worde had more authoritie among them that they would fight within the straight of SALAMINA Aristides commending his great wisdome went to deale with the captaines of the other gallyes and to procure them to fight For all this they would not credit that he sayed vntill such time as there arriued a galley of TENEDIENA whereof one Panetius was captaine who being stolen out of the hoste of the barbarous army brought certen newes that the straight out of doubt was shut vp So that besides the necessitie which dyd vrge them the spight which the GREECIANS conceyued thereof dyd prouoke them to hazard the battell The next morning by breake of daye king Xerxes placed him selfe on a maruelous steepe highe hill from whence he might descerne his whole flete and the ordering of his army by sea aboue the temple of Hercules as Phanodemus writeth Which is the narrowe waye or channell betwext the I le of SALAMINA and the coast of ATTICA or as Acestodorus sayeth vpon the confines of the territories of MEGARA aboue the pointe which they commonly call the hornes There Xerxes set vp a throne of golde and had about him many secretaries to write all that was done in the battell But as Themistocles was sacrificing vnto the goddes in his galley that was admiral they brought to him three young prisoners fayer of complexion richely arrayed with gold and iuells whom they sayed were the children of Sandaucé the kings sister and of prince Autarctus So soone as Euphrantides the soothesayer had seene them and at their arriuall obserued there rose a great bright flame out of the sacrifice and at the very selfe same instant that one on his right hand had sneesed he tooke Themistocles by the hand and willed him to sacrifice all those three prisoners vnto the god Bacchus surnamed Omestes as much to saye as the cruell Bacchus for in doing it the GREECIANS should not only be saued but they should haue the victorie ouer their enemies Themistocles woundred much to heare so straunge and terrible a commaundement of the soothsayer Neuertheles the comon sorte following his custome which is to promise safety soner in the greatest daungers most desperate cases by straunge vnreasonable rather then by reasonable and ordinary meanes they beganne to call vpon the god with one voyce and bringing the three prisoners neere vnto the altar they compelled him to performe the sacrifice in that sorte as the soothesayer had appointed Phanias Lesbian an excellent philosopher and well seene in stories and antiquities reporteth this matter thus As for the number of the shippes of the barbarous nauie AEschylus the poet in a tragedie which he intituled the PERSIANS knowing certainely the trothe sayeth thus King Xerxes had a thousand shippes I knovve amongest the vvhich tvvo hundred vvere I trovve and seuen vvhich all the rest dyd ouersayle
grewe so highe and rancke in the great markett place of SYRACVSA as they grased their horses there and the horsekeepers laye downe by them on the grasse as they fed and that all the cities a fewe excepted were full of redde deare and wilde bores so that men geuen to delite in hunting hauing leysure might finde game many tymes within the suburbes and towne dytches hard by the walles and that such as dwelt in castells and stronge holdes in the contrye would not leaue them to come and dwell in cities by reason they were all growen to stowte and did so hate and detest assemblies of counsell orations and order of gouernment where so many tyrans had reigned Timoleon thereuppon seeing this desolacion and also so fewe SYRACVSANS borne that had escaped thought good and all his Captaines to write to the CORINTHIANS to send people out of GREECE to inhabite the citie of SYRACVSA agayne For otherwise the contrye would growe barren and vnprofitable if the grounde were not plowed Besides that they looked also for great warres out of AFRICKE being aduertised that the CARTHAGINIANS had honge vp the body of Mago their general vpon a crosse who had slayne him selfe for that he could not aunswere the dishonor layed to his charge and that they did leauy another great mightie armie to returne againe the next yere following to make warres in SICILE These letters of Timoleon being brought vnto CORINTHE and the Embassadors of SYRACVSA being arriued with them also who besought the people to take care and protection ouer their poore citie and that they would once againe be fownders of the same the CORINTHIANS did not gredily desire to be Lordes of so goodly and great a citie but first proclaymed by the trompett in all the assemblies solemne feastes and common playes of GREECE that the CORINTHIANS hauing destroyed the tirannie that was in the citie of SYRACVSA and driuen out the tyrannes did call the SYRACVSANS that were fugitiues out of their contrye home againe and all other SICILIANS that liked to come and dwell there to enioy all freedom and libertie with promise to make iust and equall diuision of the landes among them the one to haue as much as the other Moreouer they sent out postes and messengers into ASIA and into all the Ilands where they vnderstoode the banished SYRACVSANS remayned to perswade and intreat them to come to CORINTHE and that the CORINTHIANS would giue them shippes Captaines and meanes to conduct them safely vnto SYRACVSA at their owne proper costes and charges In recompence whereof the citie of CORINTHE receaued euery mans most noble praise and blessing as well for deliuering SICILE in that sorte from the bondage of tyrannes as also for keeping it out of the handes of the barbarous people and restored the naturall SYRACVSANS and SICILIANS to their home and contrye againe Neuertheles such SICILIANS as repayred to CORINTHE apon this proclamacion them selues being but a small number to inhabite the contrye besought the CORINTHIANS to ioyne to them some other inhabitantes aswell of CORINTHE it selfe as out of the rest of GREECE the which was performed For they gathered together about tenne thowsand persons whom they shipped and sent to SYRACVSA Where there were already a great number of other comen vnto Timoleon aswell out of SICILE it self as out of al ITALYE besides so that the whole number as Athâ—nis writeth came to three score thowsand persons Amongst them he deuided the whole contrye and sold them houses of the citie vnto the value of a thowsand talents And bicause he would leaue the olde STRACVSANS able to recouer their owne and make the poore people by this meanes to haue money in common to defraye the common charges of the citie as also their expences in time of warres the statues or images were solde and the people by the most voyces did condemne them For they were solemly indited accused arraigned as if they had bene men aliue to be condemned And it is reported that the SYRACVSANS did reserue the statue of Gelon an auncient tyranne of their citie honoring his memorie bicause of a great victorie he had wonne of the CARTHAGINIANS neare the citie of HIMERA and condemned all the rest to be taken away out of euery corner of the citie and to be sold. Thus beganne the citie of SYRACVSA to replenishe againe and by litle and litle to recouer it selfe many people comming thither from all partes to dwell there Thereupon Timoleon thought to set all other cities at libertie also and vtterly to roote out all the tyrans of SICILE and to obteyne his purpose he went to make warres with them at their owne dores The first he went against was Icetes whome he compelled to forsake the league of the CARTHAGINIANS and to promise also that he would rase all the fortresses he kept and to liue like a priuate man within the citie of the LEONTINES Leptines in like maner that was tyran of the citie of APOLLONIA and of many other litle villages thereabouts when he saw him selfe in daunger to be taken by force did yeld him selfe Whereupon Timoleon saued his life and sent him vnto CORINTHE thinking it honorable for his contrye that the other GRAECIANS should see the tyrans of SICILE in their chiefe citie of fame liuing meanely and poorely like banished people When he had brought this to passe he returned forthwith to SYRACVSA about the stablishment of the common weale assisting Cephalus and Dionysius two notable men sent from CORINTHE to reforme the lawes and to helpe them to stablishe the goodliest ordinaunces for their common weale And now in the meane time bicause the souldiers had a minde to get some thing of their enemies and to auoydidlenes he sent them out abroade to a contrye subiect to the CARTHAGINIANS vnder the charge of Dimarchus and Demaratus Where they made many litle townes rebell against the barbarous people and did not onely liue in all aboundance of wealth but they gathered money together also to mainteyne the warres The CARTHAGINIANS on thother side while they were busy about the matters came downe into LILYBEA with an armie of three score and tenne thowsand men two hundred gallyes and a thowsand other shippes and vessells that caried engines of batterie cartes vittells municion and other necessary prouision for a campe intending to make sporting warres no more but at once to driue all the GRAECIANS againe quite out of SICILE For in deede it was an able armie to ouercome all the SICILIANS if they had bene whole of them selues and not diuided Now they being aduertised that the SICILIANS had inuaded their contrye they went towards them in great furie led by Asdrubal Amilcar generalls of the armie This newes was straight brought to SYRACVSA and the inhabitants were so striken with feare of the report of their armie that being a maruelous great number of them within the citie scant three thowsand of them had the hartes to arme them selues
their campe the lenger he delayed in the end he resolued to tary no lenger but to passe the riuer of ASOPVS the next morning by breake of the day sodainly to set apon the GREECIANS So he gaue the Captaines warning the night before what they should do bicause euery man should be redy but about midnight there came a horseman without any noyse at all so neere to the GREECIANS campe that he spake to the watche and told them he would speake with Aristides generall of the ATHENIANS Aristides was called for straight and when he came to him the horseman said vnto Aristides I am Alexander king of MACEDON who for the loue and great good will I beare you haue put my self in the greatest daūger that may be to come at this present time to aduertise you that to morrow morning Mardonius will giue you battel bicause your enemies sodaine comming apon you should not make you afrayd being sodainly charged and should not hinder also your valliant fightinge For it is no new hope that is come to Mardonius that makes him to fight but only scarcety of vittells that forceth him to do it considering that the prognosticators are all against it that he should geue you battel both by reason of the il tokens of their sacrifices as also by the aunswers of their oracles which hath put all the armie in a maruelous feare and stande in no good hope at all Thus he is forced to putte all at aduenture or else if he will needes lye still to be starued to death for very famine After king Alexander hadde imparted this secrete to Aristides he prayed him to keepe it to him selfe and to remember it in time to come Aristides aunswered him then that it was no reason he shoulde keepe a matter of so great importance as that from Pausanias who was their Lieutenant generall of the whole armie notwithstandinge he promised him he woulde tell it no man else before the battell and that if the goddes gaue the GREECIANS the victorie he did assure him they should all acknowledge his great fauor and good will shewed vnto them After they hadde talked thus together kinge Alexander left him and returned backe againe and Aristides also went immediatly to Pausanias tent and tolde him the talke kinge Alexander and he hadde together Thereupon the priuate Captaines were sent for straight to counsaill and there order was geuen that euery manne shoulde haue his bandes ready for they shoulde fight in the morninge So Pausanias at that time as Herodotus wryteth sayed vnto Aristides that he woulde remoue the ATHENIANS from the left to the right winge bicause they shoulde haue the PERSIANS them selues right before them and that they shoulde fight so much the lustier both for that they were acquainted with their fight as also bicause they hadde ouercommed them before in the first encounter and that him selfe would take the left winge of the battell where he shoulde encounter with the GREECIANS that fought on the PERSIANS side But when all the other priuate Captaines of the ATHENIANS vnderstoode it they were maruelous angrie with Pausanias and sayed he did them wronge and hadde no reason to lette all the other GRECIANS keepe their place where they were alwayes appointed and onely to remoue them as if they were slaues to be appointed at his pleasure now of one side then of the other and to sette them to fight with the valliantest souldiers they had of all their enemies Then sayed Aristides to them that they knewe not what they sayed and how before they misliked and did striue with the TEGRATES onely for hauinge the left wing of the battell and when it was graunted they thought them selues greatly honored that they were preferred before them by order of the Captaines and nowe where the LACEDAEMONIANS were willing of them selues to geue them the place of the right winge and did in maner offer them the preheminence of the whole armie they do not thankefully take the honor offered them nor yet doe recken of the vantage and benefitte geuen them to fight against the PERSIANS selues their auncient enemies and not against their natural contry men anciently discended of them When Aristides had vsed all these perswasions vnto them they were very well contented to chaunge place with the LACEDAEMONIANS and then all the talke amonge them was to encorage one an other and to tell them that the PERSIANS that came against them had no better hartes nor weapons then those whom they before hadde ouercome in the plaine of MARATHON For sayed they they haue the same bowes the same riche imbrodered gownes the same golden chaines and carcanettes of womanishe persones hanging on their cowardly bodies and faint hartes where we haue also the same weapons and bodies we hadde and our hartes more liuely and coragious then before through the sundrie victories we haue since gotten of them Further we haue this aduantage more That we doe not fight as our other confederates the GREECIANS do for our city and contry onely but also to continewe the fame and renowme of our former noble seruice which we wanne at the iorneys of MARATHON and of SALAMINA to the ende the worlde shoulde not thinke that the glory of these triumphes and victories was due vnto Miltiades onely or vnto fortune but vnto the corage and worthinesse of the ATHENIANS Thus were the GREECIANS throughly occupied to chaunge the order of their battell in hast The THEBANS on the other side that tooke parte with Mardonius receiuing intelligence of the alteringe of their battell by traytors that ranne betwene both campes they straight tolde Mardonius of it He thereupon did sodainly also chaunge the order of his battell and placed the PERSIANS from the right winge to the left winge of his enemies either bicause he was afrayed of the ATHENIANS or else for greater glorie that he hadde a desire to fight with the LACEDAEMONIANS and commaunded the GREECIANS that tooke his parte that they shoulde fight against the ATHENIANS This alteracion was so openly done that euerie manne might see it whereuppon Pausanias remoued the LACEDAEMONIANS againe and sette them in the right winge Mardonius seeinge that remoued the PERSIANS againe from the left winge and brought them to the right winge where they were before against the LACEDAEMONIANS and thus they consumed all that day in chaunginge their men to and fro So the Captaines of the GREECIANS sate in counsel at night and there they agreed that they must nedes remoue their campe and lodge in some other place where they might haue water at cōmaundement bicause their enemies did continually trouble and spoyle that water they had about them with their horses Now when night came the Captaines woulde haue marched away with their men to go to the lodginge they had appointed but the people went very ill willinge to it and they hadde much a do to keepe them together For they were no sooner out of the trenches and fortification of
him to great good purpose towardes the obtaining of his third Consulshippe besides also that they looked for the comming backe of these barbarous people about the springe with whome the ROMAINE souldiers would not fight vnder any other Captaine then Marius Howbeit they came not so soone againe as they looked for them but Marius passed ouer also the yeare of his third Consullshippe So time comming about againe for the election of newe Consulls and his companion also being dead he was driuen to goe him selfe vnto ROME leauing the charge of his campe in his absence vnto Manius Acilius At that time there were many noble men that sued for the Consulshippe but Lucius Saturninus one of the Tribunes who had the communalty vnder his girdell as he would him selfe more then any of thother Tribunes and being wonne vnder hand by Marius made many orations in the which he perswaded the people to choose Marius Consull the fourth time Marius to the contrary seemed to refuse it saying that he would none of it though the people chose him Whereupon Saturninus called him traitor crying out that his refusall in such a daunger and time of necessity was an apparant parte to betray the common wealth It was found straight that this was a grosse packe betwixt Saturninus and Marius by such as could see day at a litle hole Neuerthelesse the people considering that their present troubles required Marius skil good fortune in the warres they made him Consull the fourth time and ioyned Catulus Luctatius Consul with him a man that was greatly honored of the nobility and not misliked also of the common people Marius hauing newes of the approching of the barbarous people passed ouer the Alpes with great speede fortifying his campe by the riuer of Rhone he brought great prouision of all kindes of vittels thither with him least being straighted by lacke therof he should be forced to come to battell at any other time but euen as he would him selfe and as it should seeme good vnto him And where before that time the transporting of vittells vnto his campe by sea was very long and daungerous and a maruelous great charge besides he made it very shorte and easie by this meanes The mouth of the riuer of Rhone had gathered together so much mudde and such store of sande which the waues of the sea had cast on heapes together that the same was becomen very high and depe so as the banckes made the entry into it very narrow hard and daungerous for great shippes of burden that came from the sea Marius considering this matter set his men a worke while they had nothing to do made them digge a large trench and deepe channell into the which he turned a great parte of the riuer and caried it to a conuenient place of the coast where the water fell into the sea by an open gulfe wherby he made it able to cary the greatest shippes that were and besides that it was in a very still quiet place not being troubled with windes nor waues The channell carieth yet his name and is called Marius Channell or trenche These barbarous people deuided them selues into two armies to passe into ITALIE so that it fell out to the one parte which were the CIMBRES to goe through high GERMANYE and to force that passage which Catulus kept and vnto the other parte which were the TEVTONS and AMBRONS to passe through the contry of the GENOVESIANS by the sea side against Marius Now the CIMBRES hauing the greater compasse to fetch about stayed lenger and remained behinde but the TEVTONS and the AMBRONS going their way first had in fewe dayes dispatched their iorney they had to go to bring them to the campe where the ROMAINES lay vnto whom they presented themselues by infinite numbers with terrible faces to beholde and their cryes voyces farre contrary vnto other mens They tooke in a maruelous deale of grounde in length to campe vpon and so came forth to defie Marius and prouoke him to battell in open field Marius made no reckoning of all their bragging defiāces but kept his men together within his campe taking on terribly with them that would rashely take vpon them to moue ought to the contrary and which through impacience of choller would nedes go forth to fight calling them traytors to their contry For said he we are not come to fight for our priuate glory neither to winne two triumphes nor victories for our selues but we must seeke by all meanes to diuert and put by this great shower of warres from vs and this lightning and tempest that it ouercome not all ITALIE These words he spake vnto the priuate Captaines which were vnder him as vnto men of hauior and quality But as for the common souldiers he made them stande vpon the trenches of his campe one after an other to behold the enemies to acquaint them selues with sight of their faces their countenaunce and marching not to be afrayed of their voyces to heare them speake which were wonderfull both straunge beastly and also that they might know the facion of their weapons and how they handled them And by this order ordinary viewing of them in time he made the things that semed fearefull vnto his men at the first sight to be afterwards very familiar so that they made no more wondring at them For he iudged the thing which in deede is true that a rare and new matter neuer seene before for lacke of iudgement and vnderstanding maketh things vnknowen to vs more horrible fearefull thē they are and to the contrary that custome taketh away a great deale of feare terror of those things which by nature are in deede fearefull The which was seene then by experience For they being dayly acquainted to looke vpon these barbarous people it did not only diminish some parte of the former feare of the ROMAINE souldiers but furthermore they whetting their choller with the fierce vntollerable threates and bragges of these barbarous brutish people did set their hartes a fire to fight with them bicause they did not only wast and destroy all the contry about them but besides that came to geue assault euen vnto their campe with such a boldnes that the ROMAINE souldiers could no longer suffer them and they letted not to speake wordes that came to Marius eares him selfe What cowardlines hath Marius euer knowen in vs that he keepes vs thus from fighting vnder locke key as it were in the gard of porters as if we were women Let vs therefore shew our selues like men go aske him if he looke for any other souldiers besides our selues to defend ITALIE and if he haue determined to employ vs as pioners onely when he would cast a trenche to ridde away the mudde or to turne a riuer contrary For therein hath he onely hitherunto employed vs in great labor and they are the notable workes he hath done in his two
his sword brake in two and yet notwithstanding that he saw him selfe naked diformed of a sword did not for all that giue back but stoode still to it kept the place so long till through him the city was takeÌ„ all apon the talke of these old men So Sylla caused the wall to be pulled downe betwene the haueÌ„ of Piraea the holy haueÌ„ hauing before made the breach very plaine entred into the city about midnight with a wonderfull fearefull order making a maruelous noise with a nuÌ„ber of hornes souÌ„ding of trompets all his army with him in order of battel crying to the sack to the sack kill kill For he had geuen them the towne in spoyle and to put all to the sword The souldiers therefore ran through the streetes with their swords drawen making an vncredible slaughter so that to this daye they be not acknowen nor doe not declare what nomber of persons were slaine but to shew the greatnes of the murder that there was committed the place is yet extaÌ„t to be seene where the blood ranne For besides them that were slaine through all the city the blood of them only that were slaine in the market stede did wet all the ground of Ceramicus euen vnto the very place called Dipylon and some say also that it ranne by the gates into the suburbes of the citie But if the multitude of the people that were slaine in this sorte were great much more or so many at the least it is sayd were those that slue theÌ„ selues for the sorrow coÌ„passion they had to see their coÌ„try in such pityful state supposing certainly that their city was now come to vtter ruine destruction This opinioÌ„ made the noblest men of the city to dispaire of their owne safety feared to liue any lenger bicause they thought they should finde no mercy no moderacion of cruelty in Sylla Notwithstanding partely at the requeâ—â—es of Midias and Calliphon who were banished men from ATHENS and fell at Syllaes feete vpon their knees and partely also at the requests of the ROMAINE Senators that were in his campe who prayed him to pardon the body of the city and the rather for that he had already quenched the thirst of his rauening mind sufficiently well after that he had somwhat sayd in praise of the auncient ATHENIANS he concluded in the end to geue the greater number vnto the smaller and the liuing to the dead Sylla wryteth him selfe in his commentaries that he tooke the city of ATHENS on the very selfe day of the calendes of march which commeth to agree with the first day of the moneth that we call Anthesterion on the which day by chaunce many thinges are done at ATHENS in memory of Noes flood and of the vniuersall destruction of the whole world that was in olde time by rage of waters falling out euen in that very moneth When the city was thus taken the tyran Aristion fled into the castell where he was besieged by Curio whome Sylla left there of purpose about that matter And after he had a great time kept it at the last constrained thereunto for lacke of water yelded The castell was no sooner geuen vp but immediatly by goddes prouidence the weather miraculously altered For the selfe same day and at the very selfe instant that Curio caried the tyran Aristion out of the castell the element being very fayer and clere the clowdes sodainly gathered together there fell such a maruelous glut of raine that all the castell was full of water Shortly after also Sylla hauing gotten the hauen of Piraea burnt the greatest parte of the buildinges amongest others was the arsenall and armory which Philo in old time had caused to be built being of â— straunge and wonderfull edifice In the meane time Taxilles one of the Lieutenaunts of king Mithridates comming from THRACIA and MACEDON with a hundred thowsand footemen tenne thowsand horsemen and foure score and tenne thowsand carts of warre all armed with sythes sent vnto Archelaus to ioyne with him lying yet at ancker in the hauen of Munychiâ— and not willing to leaue the sea nor come to fight with the ROMAINES but seeking rather to draw these warres out in length and to cut of all vittells from his enemies Sylla vnderstanding this drift better then him selfe departed out of the contry of ATTICA a very barren soyle and in deede not able to keepe him in time of peace and went into BOEOTIA wherein most men thought he committed great error to leaue ATTICA which is a very hard contry for horsemen and to go into BOEOTIA a plaine champion and so much the rather bicause he knew well enough that the chiefest strength of the barbarous people consisted in their horsemen and their armed cartes with sythes But to auoyd famine and lacke of vittells as we haue sayd he was compelled to seeke battell Furthermore he had an other cause also that made him afrayed and compelled him to go and that was Hortensius a famous Captaine and very valliant also who brought him aide out of THESSALIE and the barbarous people lay in waite for him in his way in the straight of Thermopyles And these were the causes that made Sylla take his way into BOEOTIA But in the meane time Caphis that was our contry man deceiuing the barbarous people guided Hortensius an other way by mount Parnassus and brought him vnder the city of TITHORA which was not then so great a city as nowe at this present it is but was a castell only scituated vpon the point of a rocke hewen all about whether the PHOCIANS in olde time flying king Xerxes comming vpon them retyred them selues for their safety Hortensius lodged there and there did also both defend and repulse his enemies so long as day light lasted and when the night came on got downe through very hard stony wayes vnto the city of PATRONIDE where he ioyned with Sylla who came to meete him with all his power Thus being ioyned together they camped vpon a hill that standeth about the middest of the plaine of Elatea the soyle was very good and well replenished with great store of trees and water at the foote of the same The hill is called Philobaeotus the nature scituacion whereof Sylla doth maruelously commend When they were camped they seemed but a handfull in the eye of their enemies and no more were they in deede for they had not aboue fifteene hundred horse and lesse then fifteene thowsand footemen Whereupon the other Captaines their enemies against Archelaus minde brought out their bandes into the field and filled all the valley and plaine thereabouts with horsemen with cartes with shieldes and targettes so that the ayer was euen cut a sunder as it were with the violence of the noyse cries of so many sundry nations which altogether did put themselues in battell ray The sumptuousnes of their furniture
vnto the castell accompanied with his younge familiars and companions caryinge a bitte of a bridle in his hande to consecrate vnto the goddesse Minerua signifyinge thereby that the citie had no neede of horsemen at that time but of mariners and sea-men And after he had geuen vp his offering he tooke one of the targettes that honge vppon the wall of the temple and hauinge made his prayer vnto Minerua came downe to the hauen and was the first that made the most parte of the citizens to take a good harte to them and coragiously to leaue the land and take the sea Besides all this he was a man of a goodly stature as Ion the Poet testifieth and had a fayer curled heare and thicke and fought so valliantlie at the day of the battell that he wanne immediatly great reputacion with the loue and good will of euerie man So that many were still about him to encorage him to be liuely and valliant and to thinke thence foorth to doe some actes worthie of the glorie that his father had gotten at the battel of MARATHON And afterwardes so soone as he beganne to deale in matters of state the people were maruelous glad of him and were wearied with Themistocles by meanes whereof Cimon was presently aduaunced and preferred to the chiefest offices of honor in the citie being very well thought on of the common people bicause of his soft and plaine nature Moreouer Aristides also did greatlie furder his aduauncement bicause he sawe him of a good gentle nature and for that he would vse him as a countrepease to controll Themistocles craft and stowtnesse Wherefore after the MEDES were fled out of GREECE Cimon being sent for by the ATHENIANS for their generall by sea when the citie of ATHENS had then no manner of rule nor commaundement but followed kinge Pausanias and the LACEDAEMONIANS he euer kept his contrie men and citizens in maruelous good order in all the viages he made and they were readier to doe good seruice then any other nation in the whole armie whatsoeuer And when kinge Pausanias had practised with the barbarous people to betraye GREECE had wrytten also to the kinge of PERSIA about it and in the meane time delt very cruelly and straightly with the confederates of his contry and committed many insolent partes by reason of the great authority he had through his foolish pride whereof he was full Cimon farre otherwise gently entertained them whom Pausanias iniured and was willing to heare them So that by this his curteous manner the LACEDAEMONIANS hauing no eye to his doinges he stale away the rule and commaundement of all GREECE from them brought the ATHENIANS to be sole Lordes of all not by force and cruelty but by his sweete tongue and gracious manner of vsing all men For the most parte of the confederates being no lenger able to away with Pausanias pride and cruelty came willingly and submitted them selues vnder the protection of Cimon and Aristides who did not only receiue them but wrote also to the counsell of the Ephores at LACEDAEMON that they should call Pausanias home for that he dishonored SPARTA and put all GREECE to much trouble and warres And for proofe hereof they say that king Pausanias being on a time in the citie of BYZANCâ— sent for Cleonice a young maiden of a noble house to take his pleasure of her Her parents durst not keepe her from him by reason of his crueltie but suffered him to cary her away The young gentlewoman prayed the groomes of Pausanias chamber to take away the lightes and thinking in the darke to come to Pausanias bed that was a sleepe groping for the bed as softly as she could to make no noyse she vnfortunately hit against the lampe and ouerthrew it The falling of the lampe made such a noyse that it waked him on the sodaine and thought straight therewithall that some of his enemies had bene comen traiterously to kill him wherupon he tooke his dagger lying vnder his beddes head and so stabbed it in the young virgine that she dyed immediatly vpon it Howbeit she neuer let Pausanias take rest after that bicause her spirite came euery night and appeared vnto him as he would faine haue slept and spake this angrily to him in verse as followeth Keepe thou thy selfe vpright and iustice see thou feare For vvoe and shame be vnto him that iustice dovvne doth beare This vile fact of his did so stirre vp all the confederates hartes against him that they came to besiege him in BIZANTIVM vnder the conduction of Cimon from whom notwithstanding he escaped and secretly saued him selfe And bicause that this maidens spirite would bene let him rest but vexed him continually he fled vnto the city of HERACLEA where there was a temple that coniured dead spirites there was the spirite of Cleonice coniured â—o pray her to be contented So she appeared vnto him told him that he should be deliuered of all his troubles so soone as he came to SPARTA signifying thereby in my opinion the death which he should suffer there Diuers wryters do thus reporte it Cimon being accompanied with the confederates of the GREECIANS which were come to him to take his parte was aduertised that certaine great men of PERSIA allyed to the king himselfe who kept the city of EIONE vpon the riuer of Strymon in the contrie of THRACIA did great hurt and damage vnto the GREECIANS inhabiting thereabouts Vpon which intelligence he tooke the sea with his armie and went thither where at his first comming he vanquished and ouerthrewe the barbarous people in battell hauinge ouerthrowen them drave all the rest into the city of EIONE That done he went to inuade the THRACIANS that dwelt on the other side of the riuer of Strymon who did commonly vittell them of EIONE and hauing driuen them to forsake the contrie he kept it and was Lord of the whole him selfe Whereupon he held them that were besieged at EIONE so straightly from vittells that Butes the king of PERSIABS Lieutenaunt dispayringe of the state of the citie set fire on the same and burnt himselfe his frendes and all the goodes in it By reason whereof the spoyle taken in that citie was but small bicause the barbarous people burnt all the best thinges in it with them selues howebeit he conquered the contrie thereaboutes and gaue it the ATHENIANS to inhabite being a verie pleasaunte and fertyle soyle In memorie whereof the people of ATHENS suffered him to consecrate and set vp openly three Hermes of stone which are foure square pillers vpon the toppes of the which they set vp heades of Mercurye vpon the first of the three pillers this inscription is grauen The people truely vvere of corage stovvte and fierce VVho hauing shut the Medes fast vp as stories do rehearce VVithin the vvalled tovvne of Eione that tyde VVhich on the streame of Strymon stands they made them there abide The force of
out to the sea By reason whereof Mithridates was compelled to goe abord a litle pinase of pyrates and to put him selfe and his life into their handes by whose helpe in the ende beyond all expectation but not without great daunger he got to lande and recouered the citie of HERACLEA in the realme of PONTVS Now here is to be noted that the great brauerie Lucullus shewed vnto the Senate of ROME fell out according to his imagination by the fauor of the goddes For when the Senate had appointed for ending of these warres to prepare a great nauie of shippes and therewithall had geuen order also for three thowsande talentes Lucullus stayed them by letters that they should not doe it wryting brauely vnto them that without all this charge and great preparation he would be strong enough to driue Mithridates from the sea with the onely shippes he would borrowe of their frendes and confederates And in deede through the speciall fauor of the goddes he brought it so to passe for they say that this terrible storme that destroyed the armie of Mithridates was raised vp by Diana being offended with the men of the realme of PONTVS bicause they had destroyed her temple in the citie of PRIAPOS and had caried away her image Now there were diuers that counselled Lucullus to deferre the rest of this warre vntill an other season but notwithstanding all their perswasions he went through the contrie of GALATIA and BITHYNIA to inuade the realme of Mithridates In the which voyage at the first beginning he lacked vittells so that there were thirty thowsand men of GALATIA following his campe that caried euery one of them a bushell of wheate on their shoulders howbeit entring further into the contrie and conquering the whole there was such exceeding plenty of all thinges that an oxe was sold in his campe but for a Drachma a slaue at foure times as much And of all other spoyle there was such great store that either they made no reckening of it or else they made hauoke of it bicause there was no man to sell it vnto euery man hauing so much of his owne For they ranne ouer all the contrie vnto the citie of THEMISCYRA and to the vallies that lay apon the riuer of Thermodon and stayed no where lenger then they were a spoyling Thereupon the souldiers beganne to murmure at Lucullus bicause he assured all the cities vpon composition and neuer tooke any of them by force nor gaue them any meanes to enrich them selues by spoyle and yet sayd they he would make vs now go further and leaue AMISVS a great rich citie which we might easily take by force if it were but a litle straightly besieged and lead vs into the desertes of the TIBARENIANS and the CHALDAEIANS to fight against Mithridates Lucullus passed ouer all these complaints and made no reckening of them bicause he would neuer haue thought that they would haue fallen into such mutinie and furie as afterwards they did and contrarily excused him selfe the more carefully to them that blamed reproued him for his long tarying vpon townes and villages that were not worth the reckening and suffering Mithridates in the meane time to gather a new force and armie together at his pleasure For said he that is the marke I shotte at and that maketh me linger time vp and downe as I doe wishing nothing more then that he might once againe make him selfe strong and bring a second armie to the field that might embolden him to come eftsoones to the fight with vs and runne away no more Doe you not see sayd he that at his backe he hath an infinite number of desert contries where it is vnpossible euer to follow him by the tracke and hard by him also the mounte Caucasus and many other vnpassable places which are sufficient not only to hide him alone but infinite number of other princes and kings besides that would flie battell and not come to fight Furthermore it is but a litle way from the contrie of the CABIRENIANS vnto the realme of ARMENIA where Tigranes the king of kinges inhabiteth whose power is so great that he driueth the PARTHIANS out of ASIA and carieth whole townes and cities of GRAECE vnto the realme of MEDIA who hath all SYRIA and PALAESTINE in his handes and hath slaine and rooted out the kinges and successors of the great Seleucus and hath caried away their wiues and daughters prisoners by force This great and mightie kinge is allyed vnto Mithridates for he maried Mithridates daughter and it is not likely that when Mithridates shall come and intreate him to helpe him in his distresse that Tigranes will con refuse him but rather we must thinke certainly that he will make warres vpon vs in his defence And thus in making hast to driue out Mithridates we shall bring our selues into great daunger to prouoke a new enemie euen Tigranes against vs who of long time hath lurked fora iust occasion to make warres with vs and he can haue no honester cause to take armes then to defend and kepe a king his neighbour and so neere a kinseman from vtter destruction and one that is compelled to seeke vpon him for succor What neede we then to prouoke him to procure it and teache Mithridates which he purposeth not to whom he should repayre for aide to make warres against our selues and pricke him forward or to say better put him with our owne handes into the way to go seeke aide of Tigranes which of him selfe he will neuer doe thinking it a dishonor vnto him onlesse we driue him to it for very necessitie Is it not better for vs to geue him leasure and time to gather a second force againe of him selfe and his owne people that we might rather fight with the COLCHIANS TIBARENIANS CAPPADOCIANS and with such other people whome we haue so many times ouercome then with the MEDES and ARMENIANS With this determination Lucullus taried a great while before the citie of AMISVS continuing this siege of purpose without distressing them at all Afterwardes when winter was past he left Murena there to continue the siege and him selfe with the rest of his armie went to meete Mithridates who had planted his campe neere vnto the citie of CABIRA determining to tarie the ROMANES comming hauing gathered together againe a new armie of fortie thowsand footemen and foure thowsand horsemen in the which he put his most confidence and trust so that he passed ouer the riuer of Lycus went and presented battell to the ROMANES in the plaine field There the horsemen skirmished the ROMANES had the worse for there was one Pomponius a ROMANE taken of great estimacion who was brought vnto king Mithridates hurt as he was Mithridates asked him if in sauing his life and healing his woundes he would become his seruaunt and frend Straight tcplyed Pomponius with all my hart quod he so that thou make peace
why he was serued so the steward aunswered him My Lord bicause I sawe you sende for no body I thought this supper sufficient What sayd he againe knewest not thou that Lucullus should suppe to night with him selfe In fine Lucullus fare was coÌ„monly knowen through ROME that there was no talke but of Lucullus noble housekeping Whereupon Cicero and Pompey being desirous to see the proofe thereof came one day to him in the market place seeing him at pleasure for Cicero was Lucullus very good frend and Pompey also and though there was some iarre betwene them for matters of warres he did not let for that to come vnto him and to speake gently one to an other and Cicero after he had saluted him asked him if he would be contented they should come and see him Oh sayd he with all my hart I pray you come to me Well then sayd Cicero Pompey and I will come and suppe with you to night with coÌ„dicion that you prouide no more then your ordinary Lucullus told them againe they should then fare but badly and therfore it were better they taried till to morrow But they would none of that no nor suffer him to speake with his men for feare he should coÌ„maund them to prouide somewhat more then for him selfe Neuerthelesse at his desire they suffered him onely in their presence alowde to tell one of his men that he would suppe that night in Apollo for so was one of his most stately and sumpteous halles of his house called and with that word only he finely deceiued them both and they neuer found him For euery halle had his certaine summe and rate appointed for the charge and expence of euery supper they made in them and the ordinary furniture and seruice for the same So that when his seruauantes had their watche worde but in what halle he would suppe they knewe straight what charge he would be at for his supper what orders should be obserued therin Now Lucullus 〈…〉 was to spende when he made any feast in the hall of Apollo fifty thowsand pence and that 〈…〉 day the supper was prepared according to that value insomuch as Pompey maruelous howe it could be possible that a suppor of so exceeding great charge could be so sodainly prepared Insuch thinges therefore did Lucullus laiustily and riotously spend his goodes like spoyles in deede gotten of slaues and barbarous people But that specially which he bestowed vppon bookes was very commendable and honest expence For he had gathered together a great number of notable histories the vse wherof was more honor to him then the hauing of them For his library was euer open to all corners and they suffred the GRAECIANS to come into his goodly tarrasses fayer walkes or other pleasaunt places there abouts conuenient to flâ—â—â—d reason together and neuer shut dore against them where learned men met commonly lâ—â—d oftentimes spent the whole day in conference together as in the house of the Muses being very glad when other matters were dispatched they had so much leasure as but to goe thicker And Lucullus selfe would also many times be amongest them in those tarrasses and pleasaunt walkes delighting much to talke with them and he did euer helpe to dispatch them that had any busines with him and graunted the thing they requested of him To conclude his house was a common receite for all them that came from GRAECE to ROME He loued all nâ—â—â—er of Philosophy and refused no sect of the same But from his youth vpward he euer loued esteemed best the ACADEMICKE sect not that which they call the new ACADEMICKE although it florished at that time through Carneades workes which Philo made such estimacion but the old ACADEMICKE which the Philosopher Antiochus of the city of ASCALON did defende and maintaine at that time being an eloquent rethoritian and well spoken whom Lucullus sought to win by all meanes to make him his frende and to haue him in house with him bicause he might inuey against Philoes hearers and followers whose scholler Cicero among the rest was that wrote a notable booke against this olde ACADEMICKE sect And in the same he reciteth Lucullus maintaining the opinion of the old ACADEMICKES who hold that a man may certainly know and comprehend something and called that Catalepsin but Cicero defended the contrary The booke is intituled Lucullus for they were as we haue rehearsed before very good frendes and had both one selfe desire for gouernment in the commonwealth For Lucullus did not so withdrawe him selfe from matters of state that he would no more medle at all nor heare speake of them but he betimes gaue ouer all ambition contention as a thing of no small daunger breeding great reproache and dishonor to Marcus Crassus and Cato to be chiefe in authority And these two were they that defended the Senate and whom they raised vp to withstand Pompeys greatnes being affrayed of him after that Lucullus had refused the chiefe place of authority But otherwise Lucullus would be in the market place at courtes and common counsells to pleasure his frendes when they requested him and would goe to the Senate also when there was occasion to breake any new practise or to ouerthrowe Pompeys ambitious policie For he ouerthrewe all the orders and constitutions that Pompey had made after he had ouercome the kinges Mithridates and Tigranes and with the helpe of Cato hindered a distribution of money which Pompey had wrytten for to ROME to be bestowed amongest his souldiers Whereupon Pompey fell in frendshippe or to speake more plainly in conspiracy with Crassus and Caeser by whose helpe and assistaunce he filled ROME with armes and souldiers and made the people by force to passe and confirme what he would haue done after he had violently expulsed Lucullus and Cato out of he market place Whereat the noble men were much offended and misliking the great wrong they had offred Lucullus Cato Pompeys followers suborned a BRVTIAN and said he was taken lying in waite to kill Pompey Wherupon the sayd BRVTIAN being examined by the Senate named certaine but when he came before the people he named Lucullus saying that he had hyered him to kill Pompey But no man beleued him For they perceiued openly in the market place that he was procured by them selues falsely to accuse Lucullus Pompeys other aduersaries And this was proued more plainly within few dayes after when they threw the body of this BRVTIAN dead in the middest of the streete out of the prisone who they say dyed of him selfe with sickenes Howbeit the markes being plainly seene of the halter wherewith they had strangled him and the stripes appearing also which they had geuen him did plainly shew that they them selues did it whom after they had suborned to accuse Lucullus they slue in this manner This was the cause why Lucullus did more theÌ„ before absent him selfe from medling in publicke
whereof Liuie deca 3. lib. 7. Romulus and Remus education Romulus a godly man. Remus taken of Numitors heardmen Gods providence Remus oration declaring the birth of himself his brother Romulus Numitors wisdome Faustulus care to saue Remus Amulius perplexed in his minde Manipulares whereof so called Amulius slayne The building of Rome Asylaus temple a sanctuarie for all banished persones and fugitiues Strife betwixt Romulus and Remus Remonium Rignarium The Romains obserue the flying of vulters Remus slayne by Romulus or Celer Celeres wherfore so called Q. Metellus Celer The world Pomoerium why so called The walles holye The feast day of Romes fouÌ„dation the 21. Aprill The feast Palilia An eclypse of the moone at the laying of the foundatioÌ„ of Rome Varro a philosopher Tarutius a mathematician The hower of a mans natiuitie maye be calculated by his accidents Romulus natiuitie calculated by Tarutius An eclypse of the sunne when Romulus was conceiued in his mothers wombe The Romaine legion 3000 footemen 300 horsemeÌ„ Romulus instituteth a coÌ„mon wealth VVhat the Patricians Senatâ— were Patres Conscripti Patroni Clientes The shame of the Romaines to take gifteâ— of poore men The rauishement of the Sabynes comen Romulus crafte about the rauishement of the Sabynes daughters Consus a god Neptune the god of horsemen The executioÌ„ of the rauishment The number of the Sabyne women rauished Hersilia Romulus wife Romulus first daughter called Prima His sonne was called Aollius Abillius The cause why the Romaines dog synge the name of Talasius in â—â—â—â—ages Talassia Matrimoniall ceremonie at Rome Sextillis August Plutat in his proble Consualia The Sabynes what they were Acron king of the Ceninenses maketh warre with Romulus Acron slaine in the field Romulus triumphe The beginning of triumphe Iupiter Feretrian Spolia opima Three Romaines onely obteined spolia opima Tarquinius Priscus the first that triumphed in charet The citties of Fidena Crustumerium Antemna rose all â—â—gast Romulus The Sabynes led by Tatius went to besiege the cittie of Rome Tarpeia betrayeth the castell and letteth in the Sabynes Antigonus Augustus Caesarâ— words of traytors A fit similitude Note the reward of treason Tarpeia pressed to deathe The place of the fight betwext Romulus Tatius Curtius the Sabyne Curtius Lake The Sabynes geue battell to Romulus Hostilius slayne Romulus hit on the head with a stone Iupiter Stâ—tor A wonderfull boldnes of women The wordes of Hersilia and other Sabyne women vnto both armies Romulus and Tatius imparle together Peace betwene the Romaines and Sabynes Quirites why so called Comitium The Romaine legion 6000. footemen 600 horsemeÌ„ The Romaine tribes Honours geueÌ„ to women Tatius and Romulus palaces The holy cornell tree The Sabynes vsed the Romaines moneths Feasts Matronalia Carmentalia Carmenta Lupercalia The Lupercians doe sacrifice a dogge VVhy the Lupercians roÌ„ne through the cittie naked The Vestall Nunnes and holy fire instituted by Romulus Lituus Romulus Lawes Parricides No parricide knowen in Rome sixe huÌ„dred yeres together Lucius Ostius the first man that slewe his owne father at Rome Ambassadours slaine comming to Rome The death of Tatius in Lauinium ArmilustriuÌ„ The Sabines obedience to Romulus Romulus tooke the cittie of Fidena Plague at Rome It rained bloude at Rome Camerinum taken of Romulus The incredible valiaÌ„tnes of Romulus Romulus â—â—â—â—eth peace with the Veians Prosperitie increase of pryde and stomake Celeres Romulus garde Lictores wherefore so called Romulus conurteth the kingdome of Alba to a comon weale Romulus vanished awaye no man knew howe The 17. daye of Iuly an vnfortunate daye to the 〈…〉 The death Africanus Diuers opinions of Romulus death The goate marshe Iulius Proculus â—â—â— with Romulus after his vanishing Romulus oracle vnto Proculus Romulus called Quirinus and honored as a god Aristeas a Proconnesian taken out of mens fight after bâ—â—us dead Cleomedes Asâ—ypaisis vanished strauÌ„gely out of mens sights being fast locked in a chest Alemenes body vanished out of the beere The soule eternall Heraclitus saying of the soule VVhy Romulus was called Quirinus The bill Quirinus Nonae Capravine The warre of the Latines Posthumius generall Philotia a warning maeydes sodaine deuise Romulus age and reigne By what meanes men are provoked to great anteryriser Plato in Phaèdone Loue the minister of the goddes The office of a prince VVherein Romulus was to be preferred before Theseus Romulus loue to his kyuns Theseus detected for obliuion Theseus detected for his rauishements of women Romulus rauishement of women excused No diuorse made in Rome for 230. yeres space Val. Max. sayeth 520. The first wife put awaye in Rome Theseus mariages cause of warres and troubles Romulus more acceptable to the godds then Theseus Xenophon in lib. de Lacedaemon Rep. Of the Heraclides Pausanias Diodorus and Cleme Strom. lib. 1. Lycurgus kinred A subtill promise Prodicos Regents or protectours of yong Kings in minoritie Charilaus king of the Lacedaemonians Herod lib. 1. Dionysius Halic lib. 2. Lycurgus trauelled countryes Thales a poet harper Lycurgus iorney into Asia The prayse of Homers workes Homers poemes vnknoweÌ„ to the Grecians brought to light by Lycurgus Lycurgus returneth and chaungeth all the coÌ„mon wealth Lycurgus counselleth with the oracle of Apollo as Delphes Chalceoecos Iunos brasen temple Lycurgus instituteth a Senate of the Lacedaemonians Plato de leg 3. 28. were the number of the Senatours Retra of Lycurgus Cnacion st The open seith appointed for place of Counsaill The inflimation of the Ephores Lycurgus wisdome Lycurgus maketh equall diuision of landes vnto the citizens All the lands throughe the countrie of Laconia deuided into 30000. parts All the lands about Sparta into 9000 partes VVhat barley euery parte did yelde Lycurgus chaungeth all golde siluer into iron coyne Lycurgus washe all sellers croftes of an value Câ—thon a strauÌ„ge kinde of cuppe of the Lacedaemonian souldiers Lycurgus appointeth order for dyes vnto the Lacedaemonians Alcander strooke out Lycurgus eye Lycurgus pacience and gentlenes Minerua optiletide Andria and Phiditia meales why so called Children were brought to these meales The propertie of a Lacedaemonian The order of receiuing any man into their company at meales The blacke broth Cicero calleth the King. Dionysius theâ— tyran Tusc. 5. Lycurgus would not haue his lawes written otherwise then in mens myndes Retra for excesse of ryeâ— Epaminondas saying King Leontychidas saying Retra for warres Antalcidar saying The discipline of womeÌ„ amongest the Lacedaemonians Arist. polis lib. 7. cap. 17. The exercises and discipline of maydes The saying of a Latonian woman Men that would not marye Lycurgus repused infamous by lawe Matrimoniall ceremonies in Lacodaemon Holsome rules for maried couples Lycurgus regard to auoyd iealousie in the common wealth No adultrie showen in Sparta The education of children with the Lacedaemonians Lesche Apothetes Young babes washed with wine The Spartan nurces Pluto of the first Alcibiades Howe the Lacedaemonians children were brought vp It is a kinde of thistle in the Mosseâ—d tongueâ— reads Holythias
Caesars law for deuiding of landes Law Agraria Pompey gaue his consent with Caesar for passing his law Agraria Pompey maried Iulia the daughter of Caesar. Bibulus the Consull driuen out of the market place by Pompey The Law Agraria confirmed by the people Gaule and Illyria appointed vnto Caesar Piso and Gabinius Consulls Cato foresheweth the ruine of the common wealth of Pompey Clodius the Tribune Testeth vppon Pompey Pompey was grieuously scorned of Clodius Commission geueÌ„ to Pompey for bringing of corne into Rome The restoring againe of Ptolomy king of AEgypt to his realme Great repaire vnto Caesar winering at Luca. The violence of Pompey obtayning the second Consulship Pompey and Crassus secoÌ„d Consulships Prouinces deuided vnto Pompey Caesar and Crassus The death of Iulia the daughter of Caesar. The beginning of the dissention betwext Pompey Caesar. Variance among the Senate for Pompeys honor Cato spake in Pompeys fauor Pompey chosen Consull Pompey maried Cornelia the daughter of Scipio The vertues of Cornelia the daughter of Metellus Scipio Pompeys prouinces assigned him foure yeares further Pompey fell sicke at Naples Great reioycing for the recouery of PoÌ„peis helth Pride and foole conceit made Pompey despise Caesar. Appius soothed Pompey and fed his humor PoÌ„peys proud wordes Paule the CoÌ„sul bribed by Caesar. Curio Antonius Tribunes of the people bribed by Caesar. Pompey chosen to goe against Caesar. Cicero moueth reconciliation betwext Caesar and Pompey Rubicon fl Caesar passed ouer the riuer of Rubicon Caesars saying let the dye be cast Phaonius ouerbold words vnto PoÌ„pey Tumult at Rome apon Caesars comming Pompey forsooke Rome Caesar entred Rome when Pompey fled Caesar followeth Pompey Pompeis stratageame at Brundysinians for his flying thence from Caesar. Cicero reproued Pompey Caesar leaueth Pompey and goeth into Spayne PoÌ„peys power in Greece Pompey lying at Berroee traineth his souldiers Labienus forsaketh Caesar and goeth to Pompey Cicero followeth Pompey The clemency of Caesar. Caesar coÌ„ming out of Spayne returned to Brundusium Pompey ouerthrewe Caesar Pompey followeth Caesar into Thessaly Pompey mocked of his owne souldiers Caesar conquests Labienus general of Pompeis horsemeÌ„ Pompeys dreame before the battell of Pharsalia VVonderfull noises herd in Pompeys campe Pompeys army set in battel raye in Pharsalia Caesars order of fight Pompeis ordinance of his battell Caesar misliketh Pompeis ordinance Battel betwene Caesar and Pompey in Pharsalia Caius Crassinius geueth the onset of Caesars side Crassinius slaine PoÌ„peis horsemen put to flight by Caesar Pompeis flying in the fields of Phaâ—salia Asinius Pollio reperteth this battell The miserable state of Pompey Peticius dreame of Pompey Pompey â—â—baâ—keth in Peticius shippe a Romane Pompey arriueth in the Isle of Lesbos at the citie of Mitylene The sorowe of Cornelia for Pompeys ouerthrow The meeting of Pompey and his wife Cornelia The words of Cornelia vnto Pompey Pompeis aunswere vnto Cornelia Pompey reasoneth with Cratippus the Philisopher about diuine prouidence Pompey arriueth at Attalia in the contrie of Pamphylia Pompeys great error and Caesars crafty euise Theophanes Lesbian perswaded Pompey to flie into AEgypt Pompey arriueth AEgypt goeth to Pelusium Pothinus are eunuche and groome of the chamber to king Ptolomy ruleth all AEgypt The deliberacion of the AEgyptians for the receiuing of Pompey Theodotus perswaded them to kill Pompey A dead man byteth not Achillas appointed to kill Pompey How Pompey was received into AEgypt Pompey the great cruelly slaine as he landed The manlines and pacience of Pompey at his death The funeralls of Pompey Lucius Lentulus slaine Caesar arriueth in AEgypt Pompeis ring The murtherers of Pompey put to death How Pompey and Agesilaus came to their greatnes The faultes of Agesilaus and Pompey Thinges done by Agesilaus and Pompey in warres Agesilaus lost the signorie of the Lacedaemonians Pompeis faâ—le to forsake Rome A speciall point of a skilfull Captaine Agesilaus constanter than Pompey Pompeys flying into AEgypt is excused The face sheweth mens maners and condicions The parentage of Alexander Olympias the wife of Philip king of Macedon Olympias dreame King Philips dreame Olympias serpent The birth of Alexander The temple of Diana burnt at Ephesus VVonderfull things seene at the birth of Alexander Alexanders stature and personage Alexanders body had a maruelous sweete sauor Alexander coueted honor The noble minde of Alexander Leonidas the gouernor of Alexander Bucephal Alexanders horse The agility of Alexander in taming the wildnes of Bucephal the horse Philip prophecieth of his sonne Alexander Aristotle was Alexanders schoolemasters Aristotle borne in the city of Stagira An Epistle of Alexander vnto Aristotle Alexander the great practised phisicke Some thinke that this place should be meÌ„s of the riche coffer that was found among king Darius iuelle in the which Alexander would haue all Homers works kept Alexanders first souldierfare The city of Alexandropolis The quarells of Philip with Olympias and Alexander Alexander mocketh Philip his father Aridaeus king Philippes bastard begotten of a common strumpet Philima Philip king of Macedonâ— slaine by Pausanias The beginning of Alexanders reigne Alexander ouercome Syrmus king of the Triballians Thebes â—on and rased by Alexander The noble acte of Timoclea a noble womaÌ„ of Thebes Alexander chosen generall of all Graece Alexanders talke with Diogenes 〈…〉 signes appearing vnto Alexander before his iourney into Asia Alexanders armie into Asia The liberalitie of AlexaÌ„der Alexanders saying of Achilles Battell betwixt AlexaÌ„der and Darius at the riuer of Granicus Clitus saued Alexander Alexanders victory of the Persians at Granicus The memorie of Theodectes honored by Alexander The citie of Gordius in Phrygia where king Midas kept Darius armie and dreame Alexanders sicknesse in Cilicia Cydnus fl The wonderfull trust of Alexander in his phisitian Darius contemneth Amyntas profitable counsell Battell betwixt AlexaÌ„der and Darius in Cilicia Alexanders victory of Darius in Cilicia Darius mother wife and two daughters taken by Alexander The clemency of Alexander vnto the captiue Ladies The chastitie of Alexander Alexanders pleasant spech of womens beautie Alexander temperate in eating How Leonidas brought vp Alexander Alexanders life when he was at leisure Alexander pleasant prince as any could be Alexander beseegeth the citie of Tyre Alexanders dreame at the citie of Tyre Alexanders secoÌ„d dreame againe at Tyre Alexanders iorney against the Arabians Antiliban mens The corage and agilitie of Alexander The citie of Tyre beseged and taken by Alexander Alexander tooke the citie of Gaza The building of the citie of Alexandria Alexanders dreame in Eypt The lie of Pharos A wonder Alexanders iourney vtno the oracle of Hammon Cambyses army slaine by sandehilles Crowes guided AlexaÌ„der in his iorney The saying of Psammon the philosopher of the prouideÌ„ce of God. Alexander ascribeth god-head to himselfe Alexander made playes and feastes Darius sent Ambassadours vnto Alexander Statirae king Darius wife died in trauell of childe Tirius reporte to Darius of Statirae buriall Darius talke with Tireus the Eunuche The commendation of Alexanders chastisty Darius prayer