according to settled Orders The main scope of the whole work of Education both in the Boyes and Girls should be none other but this to train them up to know God in Christ that they may walke worthy of him in the Gospell and become profitable instruments of the Common-wealth in their Generations And in order to this two things are to bee taught them First the way of Godliness wherein every day they are â—o be exercised by prayers reading of the word Catecheticall Institutions and other â—xercises subordinat unto the life of Christiaâ—ity Secondly the way of Serviceableness towards the Society wherin they live that they may be enabled each in their sex respectively â—o follow lawfull callings for profitable uses â—nd not become a burden to their generation â—y living in Idleness and disorderlinesse as most commonly those do which come from the Schools of this age The Rule then according to which their â—ducation is to be Reformed fundamentally â—s this That no time of the day is to be lost without some teaching exercise and that nothing â—s to bee taught but that which is usefull in â—t self to the Society of mankind therin fitting â—hem for employments approvable by the Gospel and which will bring them to beâ—ave themselves so as it becometh those who â—re called to walke with the lamb upon mount â—ion in the presence of God that is as Saints â—n his Church Upon this ground all the matters of shew â—nd appearance which please the fancies of â—en in the world whether they be in points â—f knowledge or practice wherin all the â—ime of the youth is most commonly spent in ordinary Schools are to be laid aside in the course of this Education Therefore as to the Girls the ordinary vanâ—â—ty and curiosity of their dressing of hair anâ— putting an of apparell the customes and prinâ—ciples of wantonness and bold behaviours which in their dancings are taught them anâ— whatsoever else doth tend onely to fomeÌ„t priâ— and satisfie curiosity and imaginary delights shall be changed by this our course of Eduâ—cation into plain decet cleanliness and health full wayes of appaâ—relling themselves anâ— into such exercises of their hearts heads anâ— hands which may habituat them through the fere of God to become good and carefuâ— houswiues loving towards their husbands anâ— their children when God shall call them tâ— be married and understanding in all thing belonging to the care of a Family accordinâ— to the Characters which Salomon doth give 〈◊〉 a virtuous Godly woman And such as maâ— be found capable of Tongues and Scienceâ— to perfect them in Graces and the knowâ—ledge of Christ for all is to be referred tâ— him above the ordinary sort are not to bâ— neglected but assisted towards the improvâ—â—ment of their intellectuall abilities As for the Boyes the same Rule is to be oâ—served in the way of their Education boâ— for Tongues Sciences and Employments Sâ—â—â—at all the preposterous Methods of teachâ—â—g the same by which not only their time is â—â—st but their spirits and affections are inâ—red to evill customes of Disorderliness of â—anity Pride and Self conceitedness which is the root of all our contentions about matters â—f Learning and Science falsly so called and â—ll the unprofitable exercises of their mind â—nd body in things which take them off from â—e aime of Christianity unto the customes of â—e world shall be altered into profitable â—mployments which may fit them to be good Commonwealths men by the knowledge of â—l things which are fundamentall for the â—â—tlement of a State in Husbandry in neâ—â—ssary Trades in Navigation in Civill Ofâ—â—ces for the Administration of Justice in â—eâ—ce and War and in Oeconomicall Duties 〈◊〉 which they may be serviceable to their own â—â—milies and to their neighbours And if these Generall Grounds be assented â—nto by those that have a mind to associat â—d to help forward the Education of youth â—r a beginning of some Reall Reformation in â—r age the particular Models both for Boyes â—â—d Girls Institution Inspection and Employâ—ents may be soon added and offered to their â—â—nsideration THE DIRECTORY For the Particular Education of Boyes IF we suppose that fifty or threescore Boyeâ— are to be educated according to the Princiâ—ples heretofore mentioned we conceive the care which is to be taken of them should bâ— ordered after this manner 1. Let there be one Governour over them and three Ushers under him 2. Let these Ushers do all things by the Governours Direction which he shall afteâ— previous Consultation with them give thâ—â— they may the better understand their worâ—â— and go about it with cheerfulnesse 3. And that these may without distractioâ— be able to attend their work Let them bâ— provided with all outward things necessaâ—â— for lodging food and raiment without the cost or care by the Diligence of him the shall be Steward of the Association 4. Let the Governour and Ushers obserâ— the settled Rights and Duties of their severaâ— places and the Determined Rules of educâ—â—tion towards the Children The Rights and Duties of the Governour and Ushers places AS it is the Governours Duty to instruct and Oversee the Ushers in all â—ings which concerne the Children so it â—all not be lawfull for Ushers to alter any â—ing in the Orders which the Governour â—all settle without his knowledge and apâ—â—obation 2. The Governour shall have power as t â—ovide and place so to displace the Usherso 〈◊〉 he shall see cause which cause it will be fit 〈◊〉 him to make known to any of the Assoâ—â—tion who shall desire to be informed â—ereof 3. The Governour shall give all his Diâ—â—â—â—ctions in writing to the ushers 4. Every Usher shall have a peculiar number 〈◊〉 Schollars committed to his inspection â—â—ose lodgings shall be together all next unto â—s Chamber that in the night-season as well by day he may oversee them 5. The Ushers shall see their peculiar Scholâ—â—s rise and go to bed at the houres appoinâ—â— and when their Schollars are retired or â—â—ne to bed they shall come to the Goverâ—â—ur every evening before they go to bed â—â—emselves that they may conferre about their â—â—tters together 6. The Governour shall either by himself or some other see both the ushers and their scholars in their severall quarters at the set hours before he goeth to bed himself and the Steward shall see the other servants retired and all the doores shut at the hour appointed and shall bring such keyes to the Governour as bâ— shall ordain to be brought unto him The Rules of Education The Chief Rule of the whole Work is thaâ— nothing may be made tedious and grievous tâ— the Children but all the toilsomeness of theâ— business the Governour and Ushers are tâ— take upon themselves that by diligence anâ— industry all things may be so prepared methodized and ordered for their apprehension the their work may unto them be as a delightfuâ— recreation by the variety and easiness thereoâ— The things to be lookt
Medicinall â—ieroglyphicall and other sort of pictures â—aps globes instruments models engines â—nd whatsoever is an object of sense in refeâ—nce to any Art or Science these things â—e to be set in their order according as â—ey are subordinate unto severall Sciences â—â—at at the times appointed the Ushers may â—ade their Scholars into it to receive the lesâ—ns which they shall give them upon the â—cular inspection of the Things which shall â—e shewed unto them The lesser rooms each ought to be furnished with a high seat for the Usher that he mâ— overlook all his Scholars and with twenâ— distinct places so ordered for the Scholâ— to sit or stand in that their facâ—â— may â—e 〈◊〉 towards him and each in his place may haâ— his own deck to keep all his papers and othâ—â— things to be used in good order In each â— those rooms there should be an iron fornaâ— or stove to keep it warm in the winter The Books which the Scholars shall have 〈◊〉 the School shall be none but such as thâ—â—â— Usher shall put in their hands In the secoâ—â— Period of Institution they shall have a â— books but their Latine Greek and Hâ—â—brew Janua's and the Bible of the Old 〈◊〉 New Testament in these Tongues and iâ— their Mother-tongue In the third Perioâ— besides these books they shall have frâ—â— time to time such as their Usher by the Gâ—â—vernours direction shall furnish them withâ— and none other nor any longer then thinks fit The Instruments besides pen ink and â—â—â—per shall be a pen or stick with black lead pen-knife a pair of compasses a ruler sâ—ate and some other implements which fâ—â—â— time to time shall be put in their hands aâ—â— taught to make use of according to the â—â—â—grees of their proficiency Of Teaching LOGICK BY Logick I understand the Art or skill to make right use of our reasoning Facultie The facultie of Reason in man is that abilitie by which he can set his thoughts in order to judge of all things which are in his Imaginations As large then as the Imagination or Fancy of Man is so large is the use of Reason that is to say it doth reach unto all things that can be thought upon for all the thoughts of the heart of Man are contained under this notion of Imaginations whether they have an Idea or not expresly formed in the mind for some thoughts are negative to all Ideas By an Idea I mean the shape and representation of something which the mind doth frame unto it self by the Imaginative Facultie for the imaginative Facultie is like a looking-glasse which being turned to any object whatsoever doth receive the shape thereof and represents it to the eye of the Understanding If then the understanding Facultie doth look upon the shapes of things which are in the Imagination not confusedly but in an orderly way to compare them and lay them together for some purpose and aim for which they are taken into consideration then it is said to proceed rationally but if it hath either no aim at all or no command of its own thoughts or skâ—â— to rule and order them to that aim which 〈◊〉 doth consider them for then it doth proceeâ— without Reason Now because to man tâ—â— Facultie of Reasoning is that universall Light by which he is to guide his wayes in all particular objects as well of Meditation as oâ— Action therefore if this Light be darkeneâ—â— in him then all is nothing but darknesse bâ—â— if the eye of his Reason be clear then all iâ— full of Light which he doth undertake to Acâ— or Meditate For this cause the Art of Reasoning as to Man is the chief of all otheâ— Arts and Sciences in humane things for by iâ— all other Arts are found out and whatsoever is amisse in them may be rectified and consequently to teach how to make use of that Reasoning Facultie which we have to some good purpose is in all humane things the matter of greatest importance that can be thought and yet such is the miserie of our life that there is scarce any thing lesse minded or when minded lesse taught in a right and profitable way I shall not at this time intend to make this charge good against the ordinary Teachers of Logick who for the most part are so farre out of the way of right Reasoning that their very precepts are lessâ—â—â—en rationall and they themselves incapable 〈◊〉 better Rules till they be wholly untaught â—â—at which they have learned But I shall as â—â—iefly as may be to be well understood deliâ—â—r my conceptions of the right way of teachâ—â—g young Scholars the Art of Reasoning by a â—ositive Method to direct them in it that inâ—â—nd to teach others I will suppose then that young Scholar is brought unto me who is 〈◊〉 puris Naturalibus as we use to say that 〈◊〉 who is capable of institution in this kind 〈◊〉 being no wayes prepossessed with any haâ—its which may make him unfit to receive the documents which are to be given him â—nd as being onely possessed with the comâ—on Notions of Naturall things which are the objects of humane Senses and underâ—tanding no more but the proper sense of all the words of the Language by which the Notions are expressed in the common speech wherein he is to be taught To such a young â—an I first would deliver some common Preâ—ognitions concerning Logick and afterward would exercise his Reasoning Facultie in the way of Meditation whereof I should find him â—apable growing upon him by degrees till I â—hould make him master of the use of all his â—houghts to all purposes which he should apâ—ly them unto The Precognitions should bring him to consider himself 1. That he hath a Naturall abilitie to think and meditate as all other men have 2. That men of understanding are distinguished from fools by this that they caâ— make use of this Abilitie understandingly that is to say that they understand themselves what they do think and meditate iâ— what order and to what purpose 3. That therefore there is some way to order and direct the thoughts of the mind that they may not wander at random as fools thoughts use to do 4. That this way to order and direct our thoughts being taught and delivered by certain Precepts is called the Art of Reasoning or Logick and that he who is exercised to follow the same is a Rationall man or good Logician 5. That of all other studies this is the most worthy of a Man most profitable and most necessary to attain to the happinesse of this life so farre as by humane faculties it is attainable and therefore with most earnest Affections and desires to be attended unto Having by such Preparations as these are fitted his Understanding and raised his Affections to docilitie and attention I would begin to deliver unto him some Precepts concerning the use of his first Notions and single thoughts to reach him to take notice of them what they are not
necessary Protection Let thy prayer go along with it to supply these wants if thou hast any Rationall or Spirituall apprehension of the good sought thereby unto all and if thou canst say with the Prophet Psal. 14. v. 7. O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion when the Lord bringeth back the Captivitie of his people Jacob shall rejoice and Israel shall be glad To the expectation and accomplishment of this hope and promise I leave thee in him who is the God of our Salvation and the confidence of all the ends of the earth and of them that are afarre off upon the Sea Psal. 65. ver. 5. in whom I rest Thy most willing Servant for the advancement of Piety and Learning Samuel Hartlib THE REFORMED SCHOOL Concerning an Association for the Education of Children UPON the motion which is made of entring into a Societie wherin a certain number of Children Boyes Girles should be educated unto Religion to Morall Sciences Virtues we shall return this Answer 1. That we hope never to bee found unwilling to contribute that which we can towards the Advancement of Godliness in any Body or Societie or towards the Reformation of Vices which bring the judgments of God upon this Babylonian Generation wherin we live 2. That we conceive the wayes of Christian Associations amongst those that are of riper years and the Rules of Christian education amongst those that are not yet come to years of discretion to be most conducible unto these ends therefore as we shall bee willing to become serviceable and concurre with such as entertaiâ— these thoughts so wee shall desire to see the hand of Providence leading and opening a door for action to us 3. And that we may be able to discover whether yea or no how far what way and with whom this Aim should be prosecuted we shall offer to those that make the Motion to us and to all others whose inclinations may bend this way these following points to be taken into consideration that if upon the Proposall thereof any just Engagement doth follow we may see God before us in the prosecution of this Enterprise First of the Association 1. The Association should be only of free Persons therefore we shall not consent to joyn with any specially with women but such as are free to dispose of themselves this way either by their owne right as being under no Parents or Tutors to whom they are accountable of their actions or by the full consent of freinds that may pretend to have some right to oversee them and controll their proceedings 2. Those that associat should not come together to live an easie life without all cares but their whole aime should be to advance the life of Christianity in themselves and others with all diligence 3. The way of 〈…〉 the Societie of staying in it and of going out of it should be free only at the coming in and going out the expresse motives should be declared for which the Association is taken up or left off that all things may be done openly and to edification as it becometh the Children of light 4. The form of the Societie should consist in the cohabitation of those that are associated in one house for the joint exercise of daily worshipping of God for the furtheraÌ„ce of profitable employments by mutuall concurrence for the comfort of Table-communion and for mutuall assistance in necessary consultations As concerning the place of cohabitation it may easily be found when the number and names are known of those that will associat The daily worshipping of God should be performed in Prayers Meditations and Conferences about the word of God whereof the exercises ought to bee regulated in Privat and Public jointly severally according to the capacity and free willing inclinations of those that shall engage to entertaine the same 〈◊〉 furtherance of profitable employments should be partly for the improvement of Rationality Discretion and Prudency to manage Rightly the affaires wherin every one by his calling is bound to do service unto others Partly for the improvement of handy-works and tradings proper to either sex which may become a relief to the poore according to the proportion which every one shall be willing to enlarge himself in For the enioyment of Table-Societie there should be a certain rate set down for dyet and other things and a Steward appointed who should have the care of providing all things according to the rates appointed who should give in his accounts weekly and monethly of all his disbursments The mutuall assistance to be given in necessary consultations should respect three things First the matters of spirituall concernment in common Secondly the matters of common outward concernment and Thirdly the matters of particular concernment whether Spirituall or Bodily Concerning all matters of common concernment whether spirituall or outward there should be of course some set times appointed wherin first the spirituall state of the Societie and then the outward affaires should be taken into consideration As for the spirituall state matters of commoÌ„ edification are to be minded therein as the fruit of that watchfulness which Christians ought to have over each other in the common profession of the name of Christ As for the outward affaires all orders tending to regulate the same should be setled by mutuall and free consent concerning which this fundamentall Rule is to be observed that nothing is to be counted a matter of common concernment but that wherein every one doth knowingly and judiciously professe himself to be concerned freely and willingly Concerning matters of particular concernment any time should be free for those that stand in need of Councell to call the rest of their Associats either all or some to give them assistance there 〈◊〉 If these Generall Ruleâ—â—e first assented unto by those who are willing to â—â—gage in such a way the particulars may be afterward set downe to be ratified by common consent concerning the exercises of daily worship meditation and conferences how to advance 〈◊〉 Christianity in each other thereby and concerning the course of their daily employments in other things Secondly of the Education of Children The Girles should all be lodged in the same house with the associated women to be under the perpetuall inspection of the Governess by whom their severall tasks for all the dayes of the week and houres of the day should be set unto them and the tymes of taking an account of them concerning every thing ordered and strictly observed The Boyes should be in a severall house or part of the house so that they should not be able at any time to have free communication with the Girles but should be alwayes under the inspection of their Tutors who should be men belonging to the association for such Offices which women are not fit to be employed in and these Tutors and Teachers should all be under one generall Overseer who should give them their tasks and see the same performed