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A59234 The mysterie of rhetorique unveil'd wherein above 130 the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English : together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart. Conducing very much to the right understanding of the sense of the letter of the scripture, (the want whereof occasions many dangerous errors this day). Eminently delightful and profitable for young scholars, and others of all sorts, enabling them to discern and imitate the elegancy in any author they read, &c. / by John Smith. Smith, John, Gent.; Sergeant, John, 1622-1707. 1665 (1665) Wing S2581; ESTC R6865 114,990 277

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Metaphor signifie the Greek Letters Nilotis Quill fram'd Greek letters for Nilotis Pen c. by a Metonymie of the Matter Nilus is the name of a River in Egypt by the side whereof Reeds grow which are here called Nilotis Quill by a Catachrestical Metaphor also Sepia a fish whose blood is as black as ink also black liquor c. here put for ink by Synecdoche Speceii or a Metaphor Cnidus a City where Venus the Goddess of Love was worshipped here put for Venus by Antonomasia or Synecdoche Generis and Venus for Love by a Metonymie of the Efficient Mitto tibi Lunam Solem simul canis iram Quae reddas à te dulcis amice precor id est ex Corde te saluto Auri b Sacra c fames mortalia d pector a perdit a Aurum pro aureis nummis per Metonymiam Materiae b Sacrum pro exsecrando per Ironiam seu Antiphrasin c Fames pro desiderio per Metaphoram d Pectus pro homine per Synecdochen partis Quid hoc esse censes Non ego de toto mihi corpore vendico vires At Capitis pugnâ nulli certare recuso Grande mihi Caput est totum quoque pondus in ipso Malleus est Fabrilis Dic quibus in terris eris mihi magnus Apollo Tres pateat Coeli spacium non amplius ulnas Quid hoc esse existimas Sum nondum dira confectus morte sepultus Haud urnâ haud saxum non humus ulla tegit Et loquor supio vitalibus abdicor auris Meque capit vivus m●que vehit tumulus Hic modus nihil nobis facesset negotii amplius si Jonae historiam diligenter excusserimus cum hoc Aenigmate contulerimus Is enim ex ventre Orcae piscis seu ut ipse existimavit ex medio Orci hoc sibi epitaphium vere ponere potuisset English Examples of Aenigma I consume my mother that bare me I eat up my nurse that fed me then I die leaving them all blind that saw me This is meant of the flame of a Candle which when it hath consumed both wax and wicke goes out leaving them in the dark that saw by it Ten thousand children beautiful of this my body bred Both sons and daughters finely deckt I live and they are dead My sons were put to extreme death by such as lov'd them well My daughters dy'd in extreme age but where I cannot tell By the Mother understand a Tree by the sons and daughters understand the fruit and leaves by the sons being put to death by such as loved them well understand those that gathered and eat the fruit by the daughters death in age understand the leaves falling off by the returning of the sap to the Root in Autumn c. Anatomie of wonders great I speak and yet am dead Men suck sweet juyce from these black veins which Mother Wisdome bread By Anatomie of wonders c. understand a book by the sweet juice instruction and by the black veins the letters and lines in the book An Arithmetical Aenigma Suppose 30 Malefactors viz. 15 English men and 15 Turks are adjudged to be executed for Piracie and that the Sheriff hath after this sentence power given him to save one half of these Malefactors but must execute every ninth man I demand how he may place them in such order and rank as that he may execute all the Turks and 〈◊〉 ●erve the English men Let him place them by this verse following and for that he would save the English let him begin with them for that o is the first vowel mentioned here let him place or ranck four of the English men it being the fourth vowel c. Let o signifie the English man and 1 the Turk Populeam Virgam mater Regina tenebat 45.2.1 3. 1. 1.2 2.3.1 2 2.1 But if the Sheriff had been to have executed every tenth man He should place them by this verse Rex Paphi cum Gente bona dat signa Serena 2. 1. 3. 5. 2.2.4.1 1. 3. 1. 2.2.1 But if the Sheriff were to execute every 2.3 or any number of the men between two and sixteen I shall since Art is silent herein insert a Mechanical way for the ready performing the same and shall give one President which followed mutatis mutandis will lead to the accomplishment of your desire in any the rest of these questions viz. Suppose the Sheriff had been to have executed every fifth man first represent the 30 Malefactors by 30 ciphers or what characters you please then cancel with your pen every fifth of them till you have cancelled half of them then have you the direct order of placing the men before your eye for the ciphers or characters c●ncelled represent the Turks to be executed and the other uncancelled those that are to escape Scriptural Examples of Aenigma Gen. 40. 41. chap. The dreams and visions there of Pharaohs chief Butler and chief Baker as likewise Pharaohs own dreams were Aenigmatical The significations whereof were expounded by the Spirit of wisdome and Revelation in Joseph as appears by Gen. 40.12 13.18 19. Gen. 41.26 27. c. Dan. 4.10 11. c. We have Nebuchadnizzars vision which is also Aenigmatical Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed I saw and behold a Tree in the midst of the earth and the height thereof was great the tree grew and was strong and the height thereof reached unto heaven and the sight thereof to the ends of the earth the leaves thereof were fair and the fruit thereof much and it was meat for all the beasts of the field had shadow under it and the sowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof c. which Daniel by the Spirit of the Lord opens in the same chapter In Judg. 14.14 we have Sampsons Riddle Out of the eater came forth meat and out of the strong sweetnesse Isa. 11.1 2. And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse and a branch shall grow out of his roots and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him the Spirit of wisdom and might c. See Ezek 17.2 26. chap. of the Proverbs and divers other chapters in that Book you shall find divers riddles and dark sayings and the same opened and explained in the demonstration of the same Spirit of wisdome they were proposed Figures of a word see pag. 5. 6. EPizeuxis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Adjunctio a joyning together of the same word or sound derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epizeugnumi conjungo to joyn together Epizeuxis is a figure of a word whereby a word is geminated and repeated by way of Emphasis and usually without interposition of any other word or it is the repetition of the same word or sound likewise when one or more words intervene by Parenthesis This figure serves to the Emphatical setting forth of the vehemency of the affections and passions of the mind
John whence was it from heaven or men c. And they reasoned with themselvs saying If we shall say from heaven he will say unto us Why did ye not then believe him but if we shall say of men we fear the people c. Anticipans quae quis valet objecisse Prolepsis Diluit Hic aliquis mihi dicat cur ego amicum Offendam in nugis hae nugae seria ducent In mala derisum semel exceptumque sinistre Dicet aliquis Haec igitur est tua disciplina sic tu instituis adolescentulos c. Prosapodosis respensio Ego si quis judices hoc rob ore animi atque hac indole virtutis c. English Examples of Anticipation Did I walk abroad to see my delight my walking was the delight it self He saw her alive he was glad to see her alive He saw her weep he was sorry to see her weep He heard her comfortable speeches nothing more joyful Scriptural Examples Rom. 9.19 20. Thou wilt say then unto me Why doth he yet find fault who hath resisted his will nay but oh man who are thou c. Rom. 6.15 What then shall we sin because we are not under the Law but under grace where you have the objection The answer whereunto is in these words God forbid 1 Cor. 15.35 Some man will say How are the dead raised up and with what bodies shall they come Thou fool that which thou sowest is not quickned except it dye c. This must be noted that the objection is many times wanting which must be wisely supplyed by considering the occasion and the answer of it as 1 Tim. 5.11 12. They will marry having condemnation Now least any might What for marrying The Apostle answers here No for denying their first faith Prov. 3.9 Honor the Lo●d with thy substance c. Object So I may begger my self But this objection is prevented in the words of the next verse so shall thy barns be filled with plenty c. See the like in Matth. 6.33 c. see Isa. 49.14 15. Matth. 3.9 c. But Prolepsis is also a figure of Construction and then it is defined a certain summary pronunciation of things and it is made when the Congregation or the whole doth aptly agree with the Verb or Adjective and then the parts of the whole are reduced to the same Verb or Adjective wherewith notwithstanding they agree not Post totum partes capiet generale Prolepsis Procedunt castris hinc Acron inde Quirinus Alterum in alterius mactatos sauguine cernam Duae aquilae volaverunt haec ab oriente illa ab occidente Lavinaque littora venit EPITROPE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Permissio permission derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epitrepo permitto concedo to permit or grant It is the suffering of a deed A figure when we either seriously or Ironically permit a thing and yet object the inconveniency this Ironical permission imports as much as an earnest prohibition though the words are otherwise Plane aut dissimulans permittit Epitrope factum 1. Permissio seria ut Tribuo Graecis literas do multarum artium disciplinam non adimo sermonis leporem ingeniorum acumen dicendi copiam deniq etiam si qua sibi alia sumunt non repugno testimoniorum religionem et fidem nunquam ista Natio coluit 2. Permissio Ironica an Ironical permission is then when it only seems to be a Permission which yet on the contrary is rather the highest Prohibition neque te teneo neque dicta refello I sequere Italiam ventis pete regna per undas I fuge sed poteris tuti or esse domi Sit sur sit sacrilegus sit flagitiorum omnium vitiorumque Princeps at est bonus Imperator et faelix English Examples of Epitrope Simo in Terence seems by his words very willing to permit his son to intermarry with Glycerie when in very deed he with all diligence endeavours to withdraw him from her Yes saith he let him take her I wish him good of her let him go dwell and keep house with her Go flie but you may be safer at home Scriptural Examples Eccles. 11.9 Rejoyce oh young man and let thy heart chear thee c. and walk in the wayes of thy heart c. Rom. 2.17 Behold thou art called a Jew and restest in the Law and makest thy boast of God c. Rev. 22.11 He that is filthy let him be filthy still Prov. 6.10 Sleep a little slumber a little and fold thy hands together to sleep a little but in the next verse you have the meaning most manifestly laid open c. See 1 Cor. 14.38 Judg. 10.14 Rom. 9.4.5 Gal. 4.14 15. Prov. 6.32 1 King 22.15 Isa. 29.1 Jer. 2.28 Amos 4.4 5. INCREMENTVN an increasing or waxing bigger It is a form of speech which by degrees ascends to the top of something or rather above the top that is when we make our speech grow and increase by an orderly placing of words making the latter word alwaies excèed the former in the force of signification contrary to the natural order of things which ever puts the worthiest and weightiest words first but this placeth them alwaies last This figure may aptly be compared to fire the property whereof is alwayes to ascend as high as matter can carry it A figure when a speech ascends by degrees from the lowest to the highest where the latter words are alwayes the more great and vehement by which the speech doth gradually as it were increase and wax great Ad summum ex imo gradibus venit Incrementum Non plebs prava jubens solida nec mente tyranni Vis fera dimoveat justum non turbidus Auster Fulminei non dextra Jovis non si ruat orbis Facinus est vincire civem Romanum scelus verberare prope patricidium necare quid dicam in crucem tollere English Examples of Incrementum O my Parmeno the beginner the enterprizer performer and accomplisher of all my pleasures Neither silver gold nor precious stones may be compared to her vertues He was carelesse of doing well a looseness of youth he was inclined to do ill a weaknesse of youth his mind consented to offend a shrewd temptation he committed the act an unhappy fault he accustomed himself to abuse a sad imployment yet he did not this alone but infected others with his perswasion and seduced them by his example and not that only but detained those he had drawn in with fresh inventions and disgraced the modesty of such as resisted his corruptions with scorns and derisions which could argue no lesse in him than a most pernicious and detestable resolution Scriptural Examples Psal. 1.1 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly nor standeth in the way of sinners nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful Where the first degree is of ungodly men the second of sinners who wickedly contrive in their hearts