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order_n like_a place_n vowel_n 45 3 16.8793 5 false
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A16869 The posing of the parts. Or, A most plaine and easie way of examining the accidence and grammar, by questions and answeres, arising directly out of the words of the rules Whereby all schollars may attaine most speedily to the perfect learning, full vnderstanding, and right vse thereof; for their happy proceeding in the Latine tongue. Gathered purposely for the benefit of schooles, and for the vse and delight of maisters and schollars. Brinsley, John, fl. 1581-1624. 1615 (1615) STC 3771; ESTC S114299 85,270 138

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Participles haue Verbs Actiues Neuters which haue the Supines A. Two one of the Present tense and another of the Future in rus Q. But what if these lacke the Supines A. Then they want the Future in rus Q. Why so A. Because it is deriued of the later Supine As of Disco is onely discens without a Participle of the Future in rus Q What Participles haue Verbs Passiues whose Actiues haue the Supines A. Two a Participle of the Preter tense of the Future in dus as of Amor cometh amatus amandus Q. But what if the Actiues want the Supines A. They want then the Participle of the Preter tense Q. Why so A. Because the Participle of the Preter tense should bee formed of the later Supine which is wanting As of Timeor is onely timendus Q. What Participles hath a Verbe Deponent A. Three one of the Present tense another of the Pretertense and one of the future in rus as of Auxilior commeth auxilians auxiliatus auxiliaturus Q. Can it neuer haue a Participle of the Future in dus A. Yes if it gouerne an Accusatiue case as being a Verbe Transitiue as Loquor ver●ū Loquor may forme loquendus Q. How many Participles hath a Verbe Common A. All the four Participles as of Largior commeth largiens largiturus largitus largiendus Q. How are the Participles of the Present tense declined A. Like Nounes Adjectiues of three Articles as Nom. Hic haec hoc Amans like Foelix Q. How are Participles of other tenses declined Like Nouns Adjectiues of three diuers endings as Nom. Amatus amata amatum like Bonus a um so all the rest Of an Aduerbe Q. WHich is your fift part of speech and the first of those which are vndeclined A. An Aduerbe Q. What is an Aduerbe A. A part of speech ioyned to the Verbes to declare their signification Q. Why is it called an Aduerbe A. Because it is vsu●lly ioyned to V●rbs in speaking Q. May it not be ioyned vnto other parts of speech also A. Yes to such wordes as are in the place of Verbes and some other as sometimes to Nounes sometimes to Aduerbes Q Whereto is an Aduerbe ioyned to the Verbs A. To declare their signification that is to make their signification more plaine and full * How A. By some circumstance of time place number order or the like according to the the seuerall kindes of Aduerbs As when I taught where how oft in what order and the like hereunto Q. Rehearse the sorts of your Aduerbs A. Aduerbs are of Time Place Number Order and so as they stand in the booke Q. Giue me your Aduerbs Englishing them in order A. Aduerbs of time as Hodie to day cras to morrow herì yesterday perendie they day after to morrow olim in time past aliquando somtimes nuper of late quando when Of Place as vbi where ibi there hic heere istic there illic there intus within foris without Of Number as Semel once bis twise ter thrise quater foure times iterum againe Of Order as Indè from thence deinde afterwards denique to conclude postremò last of all Of Asking or Doubting as Cur wherefore quare wherefore vnde from whence quorsum to what end num whether numquid whether Of Calling as Heus hoe ô hoe ehodum hoe syrrah Of Affirming as Certè surely nae verily profectò truely sanè truely or doubtlesse scilicet doubtlesse or truely licet be it so esto be it so Of Denying as Non not haud not minimè no or in no wise neutiquam not or in no wise nequaquam no or in no wise Of Swearing as v er Pol in good-sooth aedepol in good-sooth H●rcle truly Medius-fidius in faith or truth Of Exhorting as Eia goe to or well age go to agite goe ye to agedum well go to yet Of Flatering as Sodes if thou darest or on good fellowship amabo of all loue Of Forbidding as Ne no not Of Wishing as vtinam I would to God si O that ô si O if ô oh that Of Gathering together as Simul together vnà together pariter together non modò not onely non solùm not onely Of Parting as Seorsim asunder or one from another sigillatin● euery one asunder or peculiarly vicatim streete by streete or village by village Of Choosing as Potius rather imò yea rather Of a thing not finished as Penè almost ferè almost prope nigh or neer or almost vix scarsly modò almost Of Shewing as En behold ecce behold Of Doubting as Forsan peraduenture forsitan peraduenture fortassis it may be fortasse it may be peraduenture Of Chance as Fortè by chance fortuitò by chance or at aduenture Of Likenesse as Sic so sicut like as quasi as ceu as tanquam euen as velut as Of Qualitie as Benè well malè euilly doctè learnedly fortiter valiantly Of Quantitie as Multum much parum little minimum the least of all paululum very little plurimum the most of all or very much Of Comparison as Tam so or aswel quàm as magis more minus lesse maximè especially Q. Are not some Aduerbs compared A. Yes certain are as Doctè learnedly doctiùs more learnedly doctissime most learnedly Fortiter valiantly fortiùs more valiantly fortissimè most valiantly Prope neer propiùs neerer proximè the neerest of all * Q. Doe these form the Co●paratiue and the Superlatiue degree of their Positiue as Adjectiues doe A. No they haue no Comparatiue nor Superlatiue degree of themselues neither doe forme any Comparison properly * Q. How then haue they these degrees A. They doe borrow them of Nounes Adjectiues of the Comparatiue and Superlatiue degree * Q. How do their Cōparatiue Superlatiue degrees end A. Their Comparatiues end in us like the Neuter Gender of the Adjectiue of the Comparatiue degree Q. How end their Superlatiues A. They end for most part in e like the Masculin Gender of the Vocatiue case of their Adjectiue of the Superlatiue degree Of which they seeme to bee formed as Doctè doctiùs doctissimè Q. Doe not some Superlatiues end in um A. Yes some few which haue the termination of the Neuter Gender of the Vocatiue case whereof they come as Plurimùm potissimùm Q. Are not Prepositions sometimes made Aduerbes A. Yes when they are set alone without a case * Q. How may we know Aduerbs A. Easily Many of them are set downe in the Accidence The rest may be knowne partly by their English partly by their Latine chiefly by their English and Latine together * Q. How by their English A. Most of them besides these in the booke are Aduerbs of Quality doe commonly end in ly in English as wisely learnedly Q. How by their Latine A. They end commonly in è or us and are marked ouer the head with a graue accent to distinguish them frō Nouns as Doctè doctiùs doctissimè Or else they end in er as
Nom. Hic haec et hoc Foelix Gene. huius foelicis c. Hic et haec tristis hoc triste * Of what Declension are all Nounes of three Articles A. Of the third Declension * Q. What Genders are Adjectiues of 3. Articles of A. Of the Common of three * Q. If they haue but one termination is any case as Foelix what Gender is that of A. Of all three Genders Q. If they haue two terminations as Tristis and Triste what Gender are those words of A. The first as Tristis is the Masculine Feminine Gender the second as Triste is the Neuter * Q. What are all such Adjectiues of three Articles declined like A. If they haue but one ending in the Nominatiue case as foelix or audax they are declined like foelix If they haue two like tristis and triste levis and leve they are declined like tristis Comparisons of Nounes Adjectiues Q. WHat else belongs to a Noune besides Number Case Gender and Declension A. Comparison * Q. What is Comparison A. The altering the signification of a word into more or lesse by degrees Q. Doth Comparison belong to all Nounes A. No it belongs properly to none but to Adjectiues Q. May all Adjectiues be compared A. No none but onely such whose signification may increase or be diminished * Q. What is it to increase or be diminished A. To be made more or lesse as hard harder hardest So backe againe hardest harder hard * Q. What meane you by a degree of Comparison A. Euery word that altereth the signification by more or lesse is a degree Q. How many degrees of Comparison are there A. Three the Positiue the Comparatiue and the Superlatiue Q. Which is the Positiue degree A. That which betokeneth a thing absolutely without excesse Q. What meane you by a thing absolutely without excesse A. Such a thing as signifieth neither more nor lesse but is absolute of it selfe vvithout beeing compared or without hauing respect to any other as Durus hard Q. What call you the Comparatiue A. The Comparatiue is that which somewhat exceedeth the Positiue in signification Q. What meane you by that A. The Comparatiue is a word drawne from the Positiue wherein the signification of the Positiue is somewhat increased or made more as Durior harder or more hard minor lesse or more little * Q. What is the signe of the Comparatiue degree A. More either beeing set downe or vnderstood Q. Of what is the Comparatiue degree formed how A. Of the first case of the Positiue that endeth in i by putting to or for the Masculine Feminine Gender and us for the Neuter * Q. Shew mee how A. Of Durus dura durum the Genitiue case is duri which by putting to or is made durior and by putting to us is made durius So the Comparatiue degree is hic et haec durior for the Masculine and Feminine and hoc durius for the Neuter So also of Tristi and Dulci Q. What is the Superlatiue A. The Superlatiue exceedeth his Positiue in the highest degree that is it increaseth the signification of the Positiue to the highest so that one thing beeing compared with many is said to be most of all this thing or that as Durissimus hardest or most hard Q. Whence is the Superlatiue formed A. Of the first case of the Positiue that endeth in i by putting to it the letter s and the word simus as if I put to duri s and simus it is made durissimus * Q. How do you compare these three degrees A. By declining all three degrees together in each Case and euery Gender I meane each Gender in euery case together as Sing Nom. Durus durior durissimu● Dura durior durissima Durum durius durissimum Genit Duri durioris durissimi Durae durioris durissimae Duri durioris durissimi This Table heedfully obserued wil teach presently to forme Comparisons by declining all three degrees together Case Article Positiue Comparatiue Superlatiue Nom. Hic Durus durior durissimus Haec Dura durior durissima Hoc Durum durius durissimum Genit Huius Duri durioris durissimi Huius Durae durioris durissimae Huius Duri durioris durissimi Dat. Huic Duro duriori durissimo Huic Durae duriori durissimae Huic Duro duriori durissimo Accus Hunc Durum duriorem durissimum Hanc Duram duriorem durissimam Hoc Durum durius durissimum Nom. Hic Foelix foelicior foelicissimus Haec Foelix foelicior foelicissima Hoc Foelix foelicius foelicissimum Genit Huius Foelicis foelicioris foelicissimi Huius Foelicis foelicioris foelicissimae Huius Foelicis foelicioris foelicissimi Nom. Hci Tristis tristior tristissimus Haec Tristis tristior tristissima Hoc Triste tristius tristi●simum Genit Huius Tristis tristioris tristissimi Huius Tristis tristioris tristissimae Huius Tristis tristioris tristissimi c. Q. Are there no exceptions from these generall rules of comparing Nounes that is from this manner of comparing A. Yes there are foure exceptions Q. What is the first exception A. Of Nounes which haue no Comparatiue or Superlatiue degree but borrow them of others Q. How many such haue you A. My booke names fiue Bonus malus magnus parvus and multus Q. Compare Bonus A. Bonus melior optimus bona melior optima bonum melius optimum Gen. Boni melioris optimi bonae melioris optimae boni melioris optimi c. So Malus peior pessimus and the rest as before Q. What is your second exception A. Of Positiues ending in r. Q. If the Positiue end in r how must the Superlatiue be formed A. Of the Nominatiue case by putting to rimus as Pulcher pulcherrimus Q. Which is the third exception A. Of sixe Adjectiues ending in lis Q. How doe you make their Superlatiue A. By changing lis into limus and not into lissimus Q. Which are those sixe A. Humilis humble similis like facilis easie gracilis slender agilis nimble docilis apt to learne for wee say Humilis humilimus and not humilissimus Q. How doe all other Nounes ending in lis forme the Superlatiue A. They follow the generall rule afore-going Q. What meane you by that A. That they forme the Superlatiue by putting to s and simus to the first case of the Positiue ending in i as utili vtilissimus as before Q. What is your last exception A. Of such Adjectiues as haue a vowell comming before us as Pius Assiduus Idoneus Q. How are these compared A. By these two Adverbs Magis more maximè most putting-to magis in steed of the Comparatiue degree maximè in steede of the Superlatiue so declining the three degrees together as before in euery Case and Gender in order as Pius godly magispius more godly maximè pius most godly c. * Q. Why are these so compared A. For auoyding the meeting together of vowels which cannot be so well
gouerned and of what signification Thirdly I must turne to the rules for such a case after such a part of speech * Q. Shew me how for example if it be a Genitiue case after a Substantiue how doe you finde it A. I must turne to the rules of the Genitiue case after the Substantiue and marking the signification of the word I shall finde the rule in one of those * Q. Shew me this by an example in this little sentence Virtutis comes inuidia What must you doe here first First I construe it thus Inuidia enuy est is comes a companion virtutis of vertue * Q. What case is Comes here and why A. Comes is the Nominatiue case gouerned of the Verbe est going next before it in construing by the first rule of the Nominatiue case after the Verbe that is Sum forem fio * Q. What case is virtutis and why A. The Genitiue case gouerned of the Substantiue Comes going next before it in construing by the first rule of the Genitiue case after the Substantiue When two Substantiues c. * Q. Seeing you must construe right before you can tell your rule what order must you obserue in construing of a sentence A. First I must read distinctly to a full point marking all the points and proper names if there be any with the meaning of the matter as much as I can * Q. How can you know which are proper names A. They are all such wordes as are written with great letters except the first word of euery sentence vvich is euer written with a great letter * Q. What word then must you take first A. A Vocatiue case if there be one or whatsoeuer is in steed of it and the wordes which hang on it to make it plaine * Q. What next A. I must seeke out the principall Verbe and his Nominatiue case and take first the Nominatiue case or whatsoeuer is in steede of it and that which hangeth of it seruing to make it plaine * Q. What next A. The principall Verbe and whatsoeuer words depend on it seruing to make it plaine as an Infinitiue Mood or an Aduerbe * Q. What then A. Such case as the Verbe properly gouernes which is commonly an Accusatiue case * Q. What must you take next A. All the Cases in order first a genitiue secondly a Datiue lastly the Ablatiue * Q. Giue me the summe of this Rule briefly A. First I must reade my sentence plainely to a full point marking all the points and proper names Secondly I must take first a Vocatiue case if there be one or whatsoeuer is in stead of it and that which depends of it Thirdly I must seeke out the principall Verbe and his Nominatiue case and take first the Nominatiue case and that vvhich hangeth on it Then the Verbe with the Infinitiue Moode or Aduerbe Next the Accusatiue case or such case as the Verbe properly gouerns Lastly all the other cases in order as first the Genitiue secondly the Datiue after the Ablatiue * Q. What if there be not all these kindes of words in a sentence * A. Then I must take so many of them as are in the sentence and in this order Q. Is this order euer to be kept A. It is often altered by words of exciting or stirring vp as by Interjections Aduerbs of wishing calling shewing denying exhorting c. Secondly by some Conjunctions Thirdly by Interrogatiues Indefinites Partitiues Relatiues as by Quis or qui vter qualis quantus quotus c. Lastly by such words as haue in them the force of relation or dependence Q. What words are those A. Such as haue some other vvords depending vpon them in the later part of the sentence or are referred to something going before As Cum deinde deinceps quemadmodum sic sicut sicuti dum donec primum quando quia quoniam li●èt post quam quam quanquam et si quamuis and the like * Q. Why is the order changed by these A. Because these commonly goe before in a sentence beginning the sentence * Q But are there not some speciall things to be obserued in construing A. Yes these first to mark well the principall Verbe because it pointeth out the right Nominatiue case and vsually directs all the sentence Secondly that commonly the Nominatiue case be set before the Verbe the Accusatiue after the Verbe the Infinitiue Moode after another Moode the Substantiue and Adjectiue be construed together except the Adjectiue doe gouerne some other word or haue some word ioyned vnto it to which it passeth the signification that the Preposition be ioyned with his case Q. Well to returne againe to the Rules in order What cases doe Substantiues gouerne A. A Genitiue commonly some an Ablatiue Q. How many rules are there of these A. ●iue Q. Name the beginnings of each rule in order A. When two Substantiues come together betokening c. 2. When the English of the word Res is put with an Adjectiue c. 3. An Adjectiue in the Neuter Gender 4. Words of any qualitie or propertie to the prayse c. 5. Opus and vsus when they be Latine for need Q. When two Substantiues come together betokening diuerse things what case shall the later be A. The Genitiue Q. Giue an example A. Facundia Ciceronis Q. Which is your Genitiue case and why A. Ciceronis is my Genitiue case gouerned of facundia because it is the later of two Substantiues Q. Is there no exception from this rule A. Yes if the Substantiues belong both to one thing Q. What if they belong both to one thing A. Then they shal be put both in one case Q. When you haue the English of the word R●s that is thing put with the Adjectiue what may you doe then A. Put away the word Res and put the Adjectiue in the Neuter Gender like a Substantiue Q. If an Adjectiue in the Neuter Gender bee put alone without a Substantiue what doth it stand for A. For a Substantiue and so is said to be put Substantiuely or for a Substantiue Q. What case will it haue when it is so put A. A Genitiue as if it were a Substantiue Q. What case must Nounes be put in that signifie the praise or dispraise of any thing and come after a Noune Substantiue or a Verbe Substantiue as after Sum forem or fio c A. In the Ablatiue or in the Genitiue Q. Opus and vsus when they signifie neede what case must they haue A. An Ablatiue Constructions of Adiectiues The Genitiue Case after the Adjectiue Q. HOw many generall rules are there belonging to that Chapter of the Genitiue after the Adjectiue A. Fiue Adjectiues that signifie desire Nounes Partitiues c. Q. What case will Adjectiues haue which signifie desire knowledge remembrance ignorance or forgetting and the like A. A Genitiue Q. Nounes Partitiues with Interrogatiues and certaine Nounes of Number as these set downe in the booke and