one lesser obstrict Of the second place The second or middle region is the vpper gummes or outmost part of the roofe of the mouth enclosed by the helpe of the tippe and edges of the tongue wherein are framed fiue consonants namely one mute one semimute one greater obstrict one lesser obstrict and the peculiar Of the third place The third or inward region is a more inward part of the mouth inclosed with the flat of the tongue very neer vnto the last place of vowels wherein are likewise framed fower consonants that is one mute one seminute one greater obstrict and one lesser obstrict What are mutes of the order of their framing and of their property The mutes in respect of the restraint of the motion of the ayre are the greatest extreame of all the other sounds the ayre in them being more strictly hindered then in the rest and they are framed by the quite stopping and cutting off of the breath from ' its motion which causeth a kind of dumbe sound to be vttered and they are made three differents in respect of the three different places wherein they are stopped And these dumbe sounds cannot well bee vttered vnles they be ioyned with some other sounds to expresse themselues by Of the semimutes The semimutes are caused by the quite stopping of the breath from the passage of it through the mouth so that in their owne proper places of restraint they giue no sound at all but by a contrary course hauing a restrictiue passage through the nostrils they thereby admit of a sound And they are made three differents also by the three places of their stopping Of the greater obstricts They are framed by the stopping of the breath not with a full restraint but leauing some small passage for it whereby it may bee breathed out at the mouth And they being not so much restrained as the mutes nor hauing so free a passage as the lesser obstricts are as a meane to those two extreames and they are also three differents by reason of their three seuerall places of construction Of the lesser obstricts They are framed after the same manner as the greater onely differ in this that somewhat greater and freer passage is admitted to them yet they haue not so free a passage as the vowells but are as a meane betweene the vowells and greater obstricts and they are also three differents in respect of their three seuerall places of construction Of the peculiar It is framed by a speciall manner onely proper to it selfe by the stopping of the breath with the tip of the tongue in the outermost part of the roofe or middle region of consonāts yet leauing it two seuerall passages between the edges of the inward gums and both the edges and sides of the tongue through which the breath passing and beating against the cheekes from thence issueth out at the mouth Of the manner of framing and of the nature of the consonant in the breast This sound in respect of the order of framing of it differeth not from a mute but to distinguish it from the other mutes framed in the mouth I haue named it as heretofore it hath been called an aspirate and it is caused by a restraint and suddain stay of the motion of the breath in the breast before it comes to the passage of the throat which giueth so small a noise as it can scarce sensibly be discerned And it being vsed before or after any of the other consonants scarce sheweth foorth it selfe but causeth those with whom it is ioyned to seeme different sounds from their true quality yet with some kind of resemblance thereunto Finis de voce audienda Vox Videnda Which is writing or the Characters of Mans voice What is writing VVRiting is an artificiall framing of certaine markes and Characters different in forme and shape for euery seuerall sound in mans voice whereby each simple sound hauing a proper mark appointed to it selfe may by the same be as apparantly seene to the eye as the sound it selfe is sensibly discerned by the eares Of the generall distinction and naming of the Characters of the voyce They are generally distinct and named by cliffes notes and letters The cliffes and notes for the sounds of different quantity pertinent to musique that is the cliffes to expresse their seuerall heights the notes to expresse their different measures of time and the letters for the expressing of the sounds of different quality pertinent to speech Of the particular naming and distinction of cliffes They are particularly named accordingly as is set downe in the scale of musique as gamut are and the rest Of the particular naming and distinction of notes They are called of musitions by seuerall names as crotchets quauers minoms semi-briefes and such like according to the different measure of time wherein their sounds are continued Of the particular naming and distinction of letters All Letters are in some sort distinctly named by their owne simple sounds except onely those appointed for the aspirate mutes which cannot wel be vttered vnles they be ioyned in a composed sillable with some other soūd yet for the better expressing of them in respect that the short vowells by reason of their slender and vnsteady organe giue but a wauering and vncertaine sound and of the consonants the aspirate and mutes of themselues by reason of the quite stopping of the breath in them giue scarce any sound at all and the rest by reason of the streight passage of the breath but a dull muttering kind of sound It will therefore bee requisite in the naming of them to ioyne the short Vowells in a sillable ending with some setled consonant and the consonants in a sillable beginning or ending with some of the vowells hauing a more clerer passage that by the cōtrarieties of each sort being ioyned and placed together both may bee made the more perspicuous and sensible to the eare euen as contrary colours layd together seeme more apparant and are better discerned to the eye that therefore euery letter might haue a certaine and perfect name I haue disposed and ordered them as followeth The short vowells to expresse the names of their seuerall letters to be seuerally ioyned with the aspirate and to enioy the first part of the sillable the long vowells being very perfect sounds to be themselues the names of their owne letters Of consonants the aspirat to be set before and ioyned to the first long vowell The mutes to bee ioyned in this order that in the inward region to the second long vowell that in the middle region to the third long vowell and that in the outward region to the fourth long vowell In which composed sillables the mutes to be first pronounced and according to this order both the greater lesser obstricts to be also ioyned to the same three last mentioned long vowells But the semimutes to be put after and ioyned to certaine short vowells that in the inward region to the
second short vowell that in the middle region to the third short vowell and that in the outward region to the fourth short vowell And lastly the peculiar to be ioyned in the latter part of a sillable composed of it selfe and the third short vowell to expresse also the names of their seuerall letters which are heereafter formed Of the order and seuerall formes of the characters for the parts of mans voice For the sound in the throat seeing it is necessarily in continuall composition with the rest to vse any letter or marke for it would but make writing extraordinary tedious and worke little or no effect and for that cause I haue appointed it no character at all But for the sounds of different quantity arising of the same they haue excellently of long time been obserued of Musitians by placing higher or lower as the case doth require of sundry formed cliffes as ð„¢ ð„¡ ð„ž signifying thereby the faut C solfavt and G solrevt cliffes that are chiefly in vse vpon certaine parralell lynes drawne one aboue another to expres the height or depth of their sounds in such and the like sort as is set downe in the three first sections of the ensuing dyagram and by sundry notes thus figured 톼텮 톺텥 톹텥 ð†¹ with diuers others framed for the quauers Crotchets Mynoms Semibriefes and the like to expresse the length or shortnesse of the time wherein their sounds are to be continued which after the placing of any of the cliffes to guide the taking of their true heights they also set higher or lower and seuerally disperse vpon and between the same lines accordingly as the ayre of the musique doth require in such and other like manner as in the fourth and last section of the same diagram they are hereafter placed Of the formes of the letters wherewith I haue noted the vowels according to the order of their places In the first place The short vowell I haue figured thus The long vowell In the second place The short vowell The long vowell In the third place The short vowell The long vowell In the fourth place The short vowell The long vowell In the fift place The short vowell The long vowell For the more manifest demonstration of the construction of the vowells I haue here deuised and placed this ensuing figure The scale of vowells By the archlyne A B is represented the roofe of the mouth by the point C from whence the fiue seuerall lynes are drawne is supposed the roote of the tongue by euery of those lynes the tongue it selfe and by the seuerall angles of the same lynes vnder are supposed certaine eleuations bendings of the tongue which cause the fiue seuerall sounds called short vowells for which the same characters are framed and by the seuerall points vnder are supposed also seuerall eleuations of the tongue from any one of the said angles or places of the short vowells to the saide seuerall points whereby are made certaine longer organes in which are framed the fiue seuerall sounds called long vowells for which the said characters are appointed and by the circle in which O is inscribed is to be vnderstood the pipe or passage in the throat through which the breath passeth before it commeth to be fashioned by any of the organes of the tongue placed in the roofe of the mouth which in the said figure are afore described Of the formes of the letters which I haue obserued for the consonants in the mouth according to the order of their places In the first or outward region For the mute I haue put this character For the semimute this For the greater obstrict For the lesser obstrict In the middle region For the mute this For the semi-mute For the greater obstrict For the lesser obstrict For the peculiar In the inward region For the mute this For the semi-mute For the greater obstrict For the lesser obstrict Of the forme of the letter for the aspirate The aspirate I haue noted by this small oblique stroake The pronuntiation of these three letters in this order as they heere are placed xox by reason of the vicini ty of the places of construction is so speedily performed as that it seemes to be but one simple consonant sound nor indeed can it be discerned to be otherwise vnlesse by a very diligent obseruation and because the same is very frequent in speeche to write it so often at length would be troublesome Therefore for breuity sake in writing I haue contracted those three letters falling out in that order into one Character thus xx Of the distinguishing of sillables That euery sillable might be aptly and seuerally distinguished it is here meet to deuise some certaine accent or marke to bee placed ouer the first letter of the sillable to signifie where it takes beginning For that accent therefore I haue appointed onely a little point thus where there is no note of aspiration in any part of the sillable otherwise I haue expressed it with a small stroake parralell to the heads of the letters thus where the sillable hath an aspired note Of the manner of placing of the aspirate The aspirate note being for the least of all the simple sounds is as it were too small to bee accompted or placed amongst the other letters yet too big to be tearmed an accent Neuerthelesse for that it is of so frequent vse amongst the other letters to auoid tediousnes in writing and for ease of worke I haue appointed it as aforesaid this small Character to be fixed to either or both ends of the long accent as the case shall require in this order to wit if a sillable begin with an aspirat and end not with it which I call former aspired then to fix it at the hither end of the accent towards the left hand thus if a sillable begin without an aspirate and end aspired which I call latter aspired theÌ„ to fix at it the further end of the accent next vnto the right haÌ„d thus and if both beginning and ending of a sillable be aspired which I call double aspired then to fix it at both ends of the accent thus Of Tones There is yet one thing more very necessary to be known and carefully to be obserued in pronuntiation to wit the eleuation and depression of the voyce vsed in speech being in manner different from the rising and falling of the voyce in the sounds of different quantity spoken of before and this kind of lifting vp and depressing of the voyce is caused by a contraction of the lungs and hollow parts of the body wherein the ayre is inclosed sometimes being more speedy sending foorth the ayre through ' its passages with a swift motion whereby the sound of the speech is made more forceable to be heard and sometimes being more slow more weakly pressing forth the ayre wherby the sound of the speech is somewhat lessened and by this different motion and expulsion of the ayre three kinds of vtterances vsuall in the
to the eare Of the generall diuision of the simple sounds of different quality They are of three generall kindes which for distinction sake I haue named by seuerall names one of which in respect of its office I call a vitall sound the others in respect of their seuerall natures some vowels and some consonants as they haue been anciently termed of which in order shall be spoken Of the nature place and office of the vitall sound The vitall sound is that which was spoken of before whereof all the sounds of different quantitie doe arise and it is framed in the passage of the throat and it is to be noted that this sound is onely vsed in composition with the others of different qualities to expresse them more liuely to the eares of the auditors for without the helpe of this vitall sound all the other parts of the voice would be but as a soft whispering and as this sound is so helpfull to the others of different quality so are they of different quality also no lesse excellent and helpfull to the sounds of different quantities which are so framed of that vitall sound bredde in the throat so that by the composition of both sorts together the one is made a liuely helper to the other whereby that part of the voyce appertaining to speech is made most apt for the same and the other appertaining to melody is made most pleasing and thereby it commeth to passe that the voice of man is worthily accompted more excellent then any artificiall musicke hitherto inuented Of vowels what they are and of their nature The vowells in respect of the restraint of the motion of the ayre are the least extreame of all the other sounds they hauing a more freer passage of the ayre then the rest so that in them the breath is most lightly hindred and their nature is such that they cannot be ioyned in a sillable with themselues but with consonants they may so that if two or mo vowells come together they of necessity are all different sillables except onely certaine sillables arising of them which are called dipthongs and are caused by a continuance of the breath from any of the former vntill it finish it motion in the place of the last long vowel and not otherwise Of the number of vowells They are in number ten and are euery one of different quality both in respect of their different manner of framing and of their diuers places wherein they are so framed Of their different manner of framing They are framed in two sorts which are distinguished by short and long vowels both in respect of the difference of the time wherein they are vttered as also because of the different organes through which they passe being in some shorter and in some longer Of the generall framing of the short vowells The short vowels haue their passage through certaine short organes framed by the placing of the tongue in sundry partes of the roofe of the mouth Of the generall framing of the long vowells They are framed by the breath passing through somewhat longer organes made also by the help of the tongue by placing of it in seuerall parts of the roofe of the mouth Of the number of places wherein the vowells are framed They are fiue the first taking its beginning in the innermost part of the roofe or pallat and so the rest continuing forward each one orderly in his degree to the last place being more neere to the outmost part of the roofe and in euery one of these fiue places are framed one short and one long vowell the particular order of framing of which vowells in their distinct places hereafter ensueth Of the framing of the first short vowell It is framed in the innermost part of the roofe of the mouth by the help of the tongue making of small organe for the passage of the ayre Of the framing of the first long vowell It is framed in the same place by the helpe of the tongue extending lengthning of the organe through which the breath passeth almost to the place of the next short vowell Of the framing of the second short vowell It is framed somewhat forwarder in the roofe by the help of the tongue making also a small organe for the passage of the ayre Of the second long vowell It is framed in the place of the short but passeth through a longer organe almost extended to the place of the next short vowell Of the third short vowell It is framed somewhat forwarder in the roofe by the helpe of a small organe framed by the tongue Of the third long vowell It is framed in the place of ' its short but by the helpe of a longer organe extended almost to the place of the next short vowell Of the fourth short vowell It is framed also somewhat forwarder and neerer to the outmost part of the roofe passing through a short or small organe framed by the tongue Of the fourth long vowell It is framed also in the place of 't is short but by the helpe oa longer organe framed by the tongue and extended almost to the place of the next short vowell Of the fift short vowell It is framed in a small organe made by the helpe of the tongue in a place also somewhat neerer to the outmost part of the roofe Of the fift long vowell It is framed in a longer organe made in the same place by the helpe of the tongue almost extended to the inward place of the consonants which are framed in the mouth Of Consonants What are Consonants The breath in them is more strictly hindered and they be such as may be ioyned two or more in one sillable either by themselues or with a vowell or dip-thong Of the number of Consonants They are in number fourteen and euery of them of different quality in respect of their different manner of framing and of their different places wherein they are so framed thirteene of which consonants are framed in the mouth and one onely in the breast And first of those in the mouth Of the seuerall orders of framing of the consonants in the mouth They are framed in fiue sorts which I haue named by seuerall names as mutes seminutes greater obstricts lesser obstricts and a peculiar Of the particular number of each sort Of mutes there are three of seminutes three of the greater obstricts three of the lesser obstricts three and one only peculiar Of the number of places wherein these thirteen consonants in the mouth are framed They are framed in three places or regions which may be called the outward middle and inward regions and in euery of these places are seuerally framed one mute one semmiute one greater obstrict and one lesser obstrict and in the middle region the peculiar also is partly framed Of the first place The first or outmost region is the outmost part of the mouth namely the lips wherein are framed fower consonants to wit one mute one semimute one greater obstrict and