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order_n	day_n	see_v	time_n	2,707	5	3.4442	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09429	A true discourse of the late voyages of discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by the Northvveast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher Generall deuided into three bookes. In the first wherof is shewed, his first voyage ... Also, there are annexed certayne reasons, to proue all partes of the worlde habitable, with a generall mappe adioyned. In the second, is set out his second voyage ... In the thirde, is declared the strange fortunes which hapned in the third voyage ... VVith a particular card therevnto adioyned of Meta Incognita ...	Best, George, d. 1584.	1578 (1578)	STC 1972; ESTC S104566	113,756	182

the which voyage is knowē to be more dāgerous painful thā any y Spanyards or Portugals haue euer dealt in for they being borne in a somewhat hote coūtrey hapned to deale with easie voyages although they were lōg out not much differing frō their own tēperature And I thi●ke a man mighte be bolde to saye that in all their long voyages to the East and West Indies they were neuer so muche distressed and oppressed with so infinite numbers and sundrie kindes of dangers as oure valiante Generall Captayne Frobisher and his companye were in euery one of these his thrée voyages as readyng it you shall vnderstand more at large And yet they couragiously persist and continue on their purposed enterprise and will not surceasse vntill they haue God willing found oute that long wished passage to Cataya to the euerlasting renowne glorie and fame of the English nation Also the valor of the English men did first of all discouer and finde out all that part of America whiche nowe is called B●cc●laos for Sebastian Cabot an Englishe man borne in Bristow was by commandement of Kyng Henry the seauenth in Anno .1508 furnished with Shipping munition and men and sayled along all that tract pretending to discouer the passage to Cataya and went alande in many places and brought home sundry of the people and manye other things of that Countrey in token of possession béeing I say the firste Christians that euer there sette foote on land Also the sayde Englishman Cabot did first discouer at the procurement of the King of Spayne all that other porte of America adioyning nexte beyond Brasill lying aboute the famous Riuer called Rio de la plata Also the English men haue made sundrye voyages to Guinea and Bynny although the Spanyardes and Portugalles bycause of their néere dwelling therevnto get thyther the firste starte of them and there preuented them in building Townes and Castels whereby appeareth that the English nation by their long and dangerous Nauigations haue diligently and paynefullie searched out by sea the temperature of all the Zones whether they were burning frosen hot colde or indifferent euen from the Pole Articke to the Equinoctiall and crossing it also passed beyonde the Tropicke of Capricorne and returned agayne And therefore as we are inferioure to no other nation in making greate and long voyages by Sea so knowe I no Nation comparable vnto vs in taking in hande long trauels and voyages by lande For what Nation is it that hath euer had such a long trade by land as is the Englishmens into Persia which besides two Monethes sayling by Sea along the Weast and Northerne coastes of Norwey and Lapland by Wardhouse vnto the Bay of Saint Nicholas it remayneth more in voyage by land and fresh riuers aboute thrée thousande Englishe myles for from the Merchantes house at Saint Nicholas by the Riuer Duina and Sughana to the Citie Volugda is compted seauen hundred English miles from thence to the Citie Yearuslane standing vpon the great Riuer Molga trauelling by only land is reckned about .140 miles where the Merchants making new Shipping for the freshe Riuer Volga goe Eastwarde about .700 myles then the sayde Riuer Volga turning agayne South by many windings at the last by the greate Citie Astracan deliuereth it selfe into the South side of the Sea Caspium that tract being aboue nine hundred miles then after in two or thrée dayes with a good winde crossing the Caspium Sea they ariue at a port named Bilbill where after by lande iourneying with Camels in one and twenty dayes being almost .600 myles they come to the famous Citie of Tauris or Teuris being the greatest Citie of Persia for trade of Merchandise This long and paynefull voyage by land was taken in hand by a worthy Gentleman Mayster Anthony Ienkenson who made therof a Plat with the firste particular description that I haue séene of the whole Countrey of Moscouia whiche is yet extant and therefore the Englishmen are to be preferred before all other Nations in making long voyages by lande The Spanyards and Portugalles vndoubtedly are worthye immortal ●ame and glorie for their greate enterprises and good ●uccesses they haue therein yet haue they neuer seene nor hard such straunge and extraordinarie accidents of the Sphere as hath happ●ned vnto the Englishmen For neyther Sp●nia●de nor Portugal euer sawe in all their long voyages Sunne and the Moone to make whole and perfect reuolutions aboue the Horizon as our men yearely do sée in their voyage to Moscouia where when they abide any time at Wardehouse they sée the Sunne goe continually aboue ground the space of aboue two moneths togither where if they take no great héede they shal not know what day of the moneth it is after the order of our Calender for that they haue no nigh●s But yet bycause once euerye 24. houres the Sunne draweth neare to the Horizon in the North parts it is there commonly shadowed with vapours and thicke fogges whiche vsually rise from the Earth and seeme a little to shad●we the bodye of the Sunne and that lowest approching of the Snn to the Earthward they counte night and so make good ynough reckning of the days of the moneth according to our vsuall fashion But one inconuenience there is that dismayeth and deterreth moste men though they be of valiant courage from taking in hande large voyages eyther by sea or by lande and that is the newe and vncustomed elements and the extreme ayres of hot cold wherby as some think if they trauel far Northward they shall be frosen to death in the harde congealed frosen sea and again if they trauel far toward the South they feare they should be parched and broyled to death with the extreme heate of the middle burnyng or else if perhaps they escape aliue yet at least they shold be burned as black as a cole as the Indians or Black Moores there are thys to belieue they are partlye perswaded by the sight of those Indians and partlye by the persuasions of certaine Philosophers who went about with reasons to proue that betwéen the 2. Tropicks was no dwelling or being for the extreme heate the Sunne beating on them continuallye neyther neare ey●her Pole for the extreme frostes colde and snow whiche continuallye hath there fr●m the beginning of the world as some thinke increased the Sunne being so farre distante from them Which opinion of some bycause it importeth very much I thought good here to do m● indeuour to refell both bycause I know the contrarie by my owne experience and also for that I finde the course of the Sunne in Zod●acke which God hath orda●ned to giue light life to all things can induce no such kinde of ●x●remitie and so lastly to confirme all partes of the worlde to be habitable Experiences and reasons of the Sphere to proue al partes of the world habitable and ●hereby to con●ute the position of the fiue Zones FIrst it may be gathered by experience of our Englishmen

hast to the Court ●éeing thē at Windsore to aduertise hir Maiesty of his properous proc●eding and good successe in this last voyage and of the plēty of gold Ore with other matters of importance which he hadde in these Septentrionall partes dis●ouered He was court●ously enterteyned and hartily w●lcomed of many noble men but especially for his great aduenture commended of hir Maiestie at whose hands he receyued great thankes and most gratious countenance according to his deserts Hir Highnesse also greatly commended the rest of the Gentlemen in this seruice for their great forwardnes in this so dāgerous toyling and painefull attempte but especiallye shée praysed and reioiced that among them there was so good order of gouernement so good agreement euerye man so readye in his calling to doe whatsoeuer the General should commaunde which due commendation gratiously of hir Maiestie remembred gaue so greate encouragement to al the Captaines Gentlemen that they to continue hir highnesse so good and honorable opinion of them haue since ne●ther spared laboure limme nor life to bring this matter so well begon to a happie and prosperous ende And finding that the matter of the gold ore had appearaunce m●de shew of great riches profite and the hope of the passage to CATAYA by this last vo●age greatly encreased hir Maiestie appointed speci●l Commissioners chosen for this purpose● Gentlemen of great iudgement art skill to looke thorowly into the cause for the true trial due examination therof for the full handling of al matters therevnto appertaining And bicause that place country hathe neuer heretofore bin dis●ouered and therefore had no speciall name by which it might be called known hir Maiestie named it very properly Meta Incognita as a marke and boūds vtterly hitherto vnknown The cōmissioners after sufficiēt triall proofe made of the Ore hauing vnderstood by sundrie reasons substanciall groūds the possibilitie likelihoode of the passage aduertised hir highnes that the cause was of importance the voyage gretly worthy to be aduāced again Wherevpon preparatiō was made of ships al other things necessary with such e●pedition as the time of the yere thē required And bycause it was assuredly made accompt of that the cōmoditie of Mines there already discouered wold at that least counterua●●e in all respects the aduēturers charge giue further hope likelihood of greter matters to follow it was thought néedful both for the better guard of those parts alredy foūd for further discouery of the Inland secreats of those countries also for further search of the passage to Cataya wh●rof the hope continually more more encrease●h that certain numbers of chose ●o●diers discréete men for those purposes should be as●ig●●d to inhabite there Whervpon the●e w●s a s●r●ng ●or●● or house of timber artificially fr●med ●●●ingly deuised by a notable learned man here at home i● ships to be carryed thither wherby ●hose mē that were apointed there to winter make their abode the whole yeare might aswel be defēded from the danger of the falling snow and colde ayre as also be fortified from the force or offen●e of those Countrie people which perhaps otherwise with too greate cōpan●es multitudes might oppresse them And so this greate auēture notable exploit many wel minded and ●orward yōg Gentlemen of our countrey willingly h●ue offered t●emselues And firste Captaine Fenton Lieu●●●●●t G●●●rall for Captaine Frobysher and in charge of the ●ōpany with him there Capitaine Be●t Captai●e 〈◊〉 vnto whose good discretions the gouernment of 〈◊〉 was chiefly commended who as men not rega●ding p●rill in respect of the profite and common wealth of their Coun●rie were willing to abide the f●●s●e br●●nt adu●nture o● those daungers among a sau●ge and brutishe kinde of people in a place hitherto euer thoght ●or e●treme cold not habitable The whole number of men whiche had offered were appointed to inhabite Meta Inc●gnita al the yeare were one hundreth persons wherof ●l shoulde be Marriners for the vse of ships .30 Miners for gathering the golde Ore togyther for the next yeare 3● souldiers for the better guarde of the rest within which last nūber are included the gentlemen Gold●iners B●kers Carpēters al other necessary persons To othe of the Captaines was assigned one ship as wel for the further searching of the coast countrie there as for to returne bring backe their companies againe if the necessitie of the place so vrged or b● miscarying o● the fléete in the yeare following they mighte be disappointed of their further prouision Being therefore thus furnished with all necessaries there were ready to depart vpon the said voyage● xv Sayle of good Shippes whereof the whole number was to returne agayne with their loading of gold Ore in the end of the Sommer except those thrée Shippes which should bée left for the vse of those Captaynes whiche should inhabite there the whole yeare And being in so good readynesse the Generall with all the Captaynes came to the Court then lying at Greenewich to take their leaue of hir Maiestie at whose hands they all receyued great encouragemente and gracious countenance Hir Highnesse besides other good giftes and greater promises bestowed on the Generall a faire Cheyne of Gold and the rest of the Captaynes kissed hir hande tooke their leaue and departed euery man towardes their charge The names of the Shippes with their seuerall Captaynes 1 In the Ayde being Admirall vvas the Generall Captayne Frobisher 2 In the Tho. Allen Viceadmirall Ca. Yorke 3 In the Iudith Lieutenāt General Ca. Fēton 4 In the Anne Frances Cap●ayne Best 5 In the Hopevvell Captayne Carevv 6 In the Beare Captayne Filpot 7 In the Thomas of Ipsvvich Cap. Tanfield 8 In the Emanuell of Exceter Ca. Courtney 9 In the Frances of Foy Captayne Moyles 10 In the Moone Captayne Vpcot 11 In the Ema of Bridgevvater Ca. Nevvton 12 In the Salamō of VVeymouth Ca. Randal 13 In the Barke Dennis Captayne Kendall 14 In ●he Gabriell Captayne Haruey 15 In the Michaell Captayne Kinnersley The sayd .xv. Sayle of Shippes arriued and mette togyther at Harwitch the seauen and twentith day of May Anno .1578 where the Generall and the other Captayne 's made view and mustered theyr companyes And euery seuerall Captayne receyued from the Generall certayne Articles of direction for the better kéeping of order and company togither in the way which Articles are as followeth ¶ Articles and orders to be obserued for the Fleete set dovvne by Captayne Frobisher Generall and deliuered in writing to euery Captayne as well for keeping company as for the course the 31. of May. 1 IN primis to banishe swearing dice and cardplaying and filthy communication and to serue God twice a day with the ordinarie seruice vsually in Churches of England and to cleare the glasse according to the old order of England 2 The Admirall

forward the Ship and so the Ship bearing before hir the yse so one yse driuing forward another should at lēgth get scope searoome And hauing by this meanes at length put their enimies to slight occupyed the cléere place for a prettie season among sundry Mountaynes and Alpes of Ise. One there was founde by measure to be .65 fadome aboue water which for a kind of similitude was called Salomons porch Some thinke those Ilands eight times so muche vnder water as they are aboue bycause of their mōstrous weight But now I remēber I saw very strange wonders men walking running leaping shoting vpon the maine seas .40 miles from any land without any Shippe or other vessell vnder them Also I saw fresh Riuers running amidst the salt Sea a hundred myle from land which if any man will not beléeue let him know that m●ny of our company lept out of their Shippe vppon Ilandes of Ise and running there vppe and downe did shoote at buttes vppon the Ise and with their Caliuers did kill greate Ceales whic●e v●e to lye and sléepe vpon the Ise and th●s Ise melting aboue at the toppe by re●lection of the Sunne came downe in sundrye streames whyche vniting togither made a prettie brooke able to driue a Mill. The sayd Captayne Fenton recouered his Porte tenne dayes before any man and spente good time in searchyng for mine and found good store thereof which bycause it proued good was after called Fentons Fortune He also discouered aboute tenne Miles vp into the Countrey where he perceyued neyther Towne Uillage nor likelyhode of habitati●n but séemeth as he sayth barrennous as the other parts which as yet we haue entred vpon but their victuals and prouision went so scante with them that they had determined to returne homeward within seauen dayes after if the Fléete had not then arriued The Generall after his arriual in the Coūtesses sound spent no time in vayne but immediately at his first lāding called the chiefe Captaynes of his Councell togither and consulted with them for the spéedier executiō of such things as then they had in hand As first for searching and finding out good Minerall for the Miners to be occupyed on Then to giue good orders to be obserued of the whole company on shore And lastly to consider for the erecting vp the Forte and House for the vse of them whiche were to abide there the whole yeare For the better handling of these and all other like important causes in this seruice it was ordeined from hir Maiestie and the Councell that the Generall should call vnto him certayne of the chiefe Captaynes and Gentlemē in councell to cōferre consult and determine of al occurrēts in this seruice whose names are here as folow Captayne Fenton Captayne Yorke Captayne Best Captayne Carew Captayne Philpot. And in Sea causes ●o haue as assistants Christopher H●l and C●arles Iackmā ●eing both very goo● Pylo●s 〈…〉 ficient Mariners whe●eof ●he one was chi●f● Pylot of ●he voyage and the other for the discouerie From the place o● our habitation weastward Maister Selm●n was appointed Notarie to register the whole manner of procéeding ●n these affaires that true relation thereof might be made i● it pleased hir Mai●stie to require it The first of August euery Captaine by order from the General his counsell was commaunded to bring ashore vnto the Coun●esses Iland al such g●ntlemen soul●iou●s and Myners as were vnder their charge with such● prouision as they had of victuals tents and things necessarye for the spéedie getting togither of Mine and fraught for the shippes The Muster of the men being taken and the victuals with all other things viewed and considered euery mā was set to his charge as his place and office required The Myners were appointed where to worke and the Mariners discharged their shippes Uppon the seconde of August was published and proclaymed vppon the Countesse of Warwickes Iland with sound of Trumpet certain orders by the general and hys counsel appointed to be obserued of the companye during the time of their abiding there The copie whereof here followeth Orders set down by M. Frobisher Esquire Captaine Generall for the voyage to Cataya to be obserued of the companie during the tim● of th●ir abode in Meta Incognit● P●bl●shed the second day of August Anno .1578 1 IN primis the Generall in hir Maiesties name straightly chargeth and commaundeth that no person or persons with Boate nor Pinnesse shall go ashoare for any cause but to the Countesse of Warwickes Ilande and Winters Fornace without licence of the general or his deputies And if they fortune at anye time hauing licence to méete with any of the Countrey people that they shall not enter into any conference or armes wyth them vntyl they haue giuen intelligence thereof to the Generall or hys Lieutenaunt 2 Item that no person of what calling soeuer he bée shal make an assay of any maner of mettal matter or Ore in the partes nowe called Meta Incognita but only suche as shal be appointed by the General or in his absence by his Lieutenaunt to doe the same nor that anye person shall take vp and kepe to his priuate vse anye parte or parcel of Ore pretious stone or other matter of commoditie to be had or founde in that lande but he the sayde person so seased of such Ore stone or other matter of commoditie shall with al spéede as soone as he can detect the same and make deliuerie thereof to the Generall or his Lieuetenaunt Generall vppon paine to forfaite for euerye suche ounce thereof the value treble of anye wages he is to receiue after the daye of such offence committed And further to receyue suche punishmente as to hyr Maiestie shall séeme good 3 Item that no shippe or shippes shall take vppon them to loade any manner of Ore without licence of the General or he that shal be appointed deputie for him for the view of the same 4 Item that all the Maisters of euerye shippe or shippes within the Fleete shal vpon Mundaye next comming by foure of the clocke in the morning wyth all the moste parte of theyr companies make theyr repayre to the Countesses Ilande aforesayde there to viewe and make suche places for loading and vnloading of Ore and other thyngs as shall be moste commodious and méete for that purpose 5 Item that no person or persons within this seruice by sea or l●nde shall vse anye discouered spéeches swearyng brauling or cursing vppon payne of imprysonmente 6 Item that no person or persons eyther by Sea or lande shal drawe his or theyr weapons in quarrellyng manner to the intente to offende or disturbe the quiete of anye person or persons wythin thys seruice vppon paine that being so taken he or they whatsoeuer immediately to loose his right hande 7 Item that no person or persons shall washe their handes or anye other things in the Spring vppon the Countesses Ilande where the water is vsed and preserued for the dressing