Charles the second King of Sicily and Apulia dyed also After the death of Pope Gregory X. the first conclave was in Arezzo where the Pope dyed The Guards lasted but one night for the same night the Cardinals entred they agreed to chuse Pietro Farantasio a Burgundian and Dominican Fryar Pope who took upon him the name of Innocent V. Innocent was crown'd in Rome forty days after his Election After the death of Innocent which happened in the year 1276. six months exactly after his Election Alexander V. who succeeded him being created in Rome with all the formalites of the conclave revoked the order established by Gregory concerning the affairs of the conclave though in due form it had the approbation of a general Council Divers other succeeding Popes were all created according to the order observed before the time of Gregory X. King Philip the third dyeth having reigned fifteen years and lived forty of his first Wife Isabel he had Philip and Charles remaining Philip his eldest Son was King of France after him Charles was Earl of Valois of Alanson and of Perche Father to that Philip of Valois who in his course shall succeed to the Crown Fryar John of Paris a Doctor in Divinity of the Order of predicants wrote about the year 1280. Joann Paris in Tract de potest Regia Papal in pro. In his Tract of the Royal and Papal power he saith I am of opininion that truth it self hath made a medium here namely that it is not utterly impossible that Clergy-men have Dominion and Jurisdiction in Temporal matters but yet it belongs not unto them by reason of their profession and as Christ's Vicars and the Apostles successors but is convenient for them to have it by the grant and permission of Princes if so be they have bestowed it upon them out of devotion or if they have got it by other means And in the eighth Chapter he sets down this conclusion Whence it appears that seeing Christ as Man had no power nor jurisdiction in Temporal matters the Priest be what he will hath not received any power over them from Christ inasmuch as he did not give unto them what he had not in himself Philip the fair now King of France was advised by the Princes and French Barons not to suffer the Pope to make any Ordinances belonging unto his Kingdom Du. Tillet en Padvis sur les libertez del eglise Gallicane p. 5. without the Council of him and his nor any new and unwonted thing to be brought in thither So saith Mr. John du Tillet in his advice concerning the Liberties of the Gallican Church And it is the very counsel which Eudeas Duke of Burgundy gave him which is yet to be seen in the Treasury of Chartres This King loved Justice and Learning wherein he was well instructed for that Age. His Wife Joan builded in her name that goodly Colledge of Navarr Peter Morone an Hermit was chosen Pope and assumed the name of Celestine V. a Pope little practised in politick or Ecclesiastick affairs The Cardinals in short time by reason of the many errours that he fell into by his insufficiency for the Popedom made several Instances to him that he would spontaneously be pleased to renounce the Papacy and not expose the Church to so many perils Hereunto they were stirred up by the instigation of Benedetto Gaetano who was afterwards Boniface VIII Who was a Cardinal of great Learning and Experience but so extreamly ambitious of the Papacy that he left no Stone unturn'd to compass his designs And because he saw he might easily bring it about if Celestine would renounce he perswaded Celestine to resign laying it to him as a scruple of conscience telling him that at the day of Judgement it would be imputed to him if any ill did happen to the Church Gaetano likewise suborned some of Celestine's friends to make an hole corresponding with that part of the chamber in which the Pope's bed stood from whence they cryed all night long with a most dismal voice as if it had been the Judgement of Heaven Celestine Celestine lay down the Popedom for it is a charge too great for your abilities Celestine hereupon resigneth the Papacy in the sixth Month after his creation and returned to the Cell from whence he came The same day in which Celestine renounced the Cardinals without the form of the conclave chose the said Gaetan with open Votes He being declared Pope and having assumed the name of Boniface VIII began his Reign with so much insolence and Tyranny that in a short time he gain'd the Title of Nero II. A great Assembly meet in the City of Gramont Anno 1296. Where Adolph the Emperour Edward King of England the Duke of Austria John Duke of Brabant the Earl of Juliers and his Son John Earl of Holland and Henuault Robert Earl of Nevers William Henry and Guy of Flanders unanimously resolve to make War against King Philip. The colour was to maintain Guy Earl of Flanders unjustly afflicted by Philip who had violently taken and stoll'n away his Daughter and detained her against the right of Nations refusing to restore her to her Father It was decreed that Guy should begin by force and be well seconded by the Emperour and the English But before they come to Arms Pope Boniface should make the first point by the lustre of his Authority This Pope commandeth Philip by his Nuncio to restore to the English and Flemmings what they demanded and for not obeying he cites him to appear at Rome upon pain of Excommunication Philip sends an honourable Embassage to Rome by the Arch-Bishop of Rhemes and the Earl of St. Paul to lay open his right against the Deputies of the King of England and the Earl of Flanders who were then at Rome to complain as being wronged All parties being heard Boniface decreeth that Philip should yield unto Edward and to Guy all they demanded both in Guienne and Flanders charging the Arch-Bishop of Rhemes to signifie this Bull unto the King upon pain of Excommunication for not obeying Philip being undaunted prepares to defend himself invades Flanders and defeats the Flemmings seizeth upon all Flanders and the Earl of Flanders is forsaken by his confederates Guy with his children and followers are imprisoned in sundry places in France under sure guards Philip getting Flanders and uniting it to the Crown of France He comes to Gaunt where he is received as their Soveraign appointing James of Chastillon Lord of Leuse and Condè for Governour and Lieutenant-General and so returneth to Paris The people of Flanders being oppressed revolt from Philip. All the Cities Gaunt excepted make an offensive and defensive League against King Philip and for their Earl's delivery At Bruges the French are slain by their Hosts The Nobility joyn with the people Philip prepares an Army of 40000 Men but even at his entry into Flanders returns again His sudden retreat incensed this mutinous people more
recommending different persons The Princes finding all their intercessions ineffectual returned as they came leaving the whole business to the Cardinals In the first assembly after the Kings were departed John Cardinal of Porto observing the pertinacity of the Cardinals whilst they were together invocating the Holy Ghost cryed out publickly and with a loud voice My Lords let us uncover the Roof of this Chamber perhaps the Holy Spirit will not come where we are thorow so many Roofs It would be necessary to have a Holy Ghost for every one seeing there is no two will agree The Holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles because they were met together with one mind but how can we expect him that are so strangely divided At length the Cardinals being weary of going up and down to the places of their Assemblies and doubting by their delay to bring in some new schism into the Church two thirds of the Cardinals agreed in the Election of Tibaldo Visconte a Milanese Arch-Deacon of Lodi who was called Gregory the tenth not yet return'd from his Voyage into Asia whither he was sent by Innocent IV. upon whose Election Cardinal Giovanni del Porto made these Verses Papatûs munus tulit Archidiaconus unus Quem Patrem Patrum fecit discordia fratrum The Cardinals at odds and out of hope Arch-Deacon Tibald was created Pope Gregory endeavouring to make peace between the Genoans and Venetians who had been at Wars one with another for several years together went into France in the year 1273. where he gave beginning to the Council of Lyons Philip King of France was present at that Council with an infinite number of Noble and Learned persons both French and English He called four Bishops from Germany four from England four from France two from Spain from Sicily from the Kingdom of the Church Hungary Dacia Bohemia Poland Sweden Spottiswood Hist of Ch. of Scotland lib. 2. Norway and Scotland from each of these one There were two Patriarchs fifteen Cardinals five hundred Bishops and one thousand mitred Prelates besides the King of France the Emperour of Greece and many other Princes 1. In this Council the first proposition was for the Holy War and for it they decree that a tenth part of all Benefices in Christendom the priviledged Churches not excepted should be paid for six years That all Penitentiaries or Confessors should urge offenders to assist that holy business with their wealth and riches and that every Christian without exception of Sex or Quality should pay a penny yearly during that space under pain of Excommunication 2. For remedying abuses in the Church it was ordained Petr. Church Hist Cent. 13. 1. That no procurations to Bishops nor Arch-Deacons should be paid unless they do visit the Churches in their own persons 2. No Church-man should possess more Benefices than one and should reside at the Church he retaineth 3. None of the Clergy shall without the Pope's license answer the impositions which shall be laid upon them by any Prince or State 4. The mendicant Fryars shall be reduced to four Orders the Minorites Predicants Carmelites and Hermites of St. Augustine who shall continue in their present Estate until the Pope shall otherwise think good 5. A prohibition was made to admit or advise any new order besides these named Here also was decreed the Union of the Greek and Latin Church and the peace betwixt the Princes of Christendom But many of these Statutes in a short time turned into smoak pluralities being of new dispensed with the clause of non obstante which then first came in use The Orders of Fryars and Monks were restored one by one The Cistertians redeemed their liberty by payment of 500000 Marks The Bernardines paid 600000 Crowns and other Orders made their composition Whereby it appeareth that the Statutes which were enacted were only devised to raise sums of Money and not of any purpose to redress their abuses This Pope advanced the Dominicans highly even to the wearing of red hats In that Council of Lyons Canons were made for the manner of electing the Pope for from Sylvester's time unto this Gregory's Popedom they were not used to be shut up in a conclave but if they were in Rome the Electors met either in the Church of St. John Lateran or of St. Peter or in some other place as occasion offered if they were out of Rome they met in the Cathedral of the place where they were or in some other Church more convenient But the Electors many times regarded not expedition in their Elections of the Pope Hist of Cardinals part 3. lib. 1. whilst they had liberty to command to go and come as they thought fit therefore the invention of the conclave by Gregory was rationally thought very good and necessary There were likewise established by the said Gregory several Laws and Orders for the conclave which were afterwards by several Popes reduced into better form till that in process of time they were reduced into that which I shall insert in this place The principal Laws which are usually observed in the Creation of the Pope 1. That the Election be made in a proper and convenient place and ordinarily there where the last Pope dyed If that cannot commodiously be done let it be made in that City to whose jurisdiction that place doth belong provided it be not under interdiction for in that case they are to chuse another City in the same Diocess or at least not far off c. 2. That after the death of the Pope there shall be no discourse of the Election of a Successour till ten days be past in which time the absent Cardinals are to be expected and the nine days obsequies for the deceased Pope be celebrated with due respect by all the Cardinals that are present in the place 3. That no absent Cardinal shall send his Vote in any manner whatsoever by which it is intended they shall be deprived of their Voice as often as they are absent from the Election 4. That the nine days ceremony for the death of the Pope being over the Mass Dello Spirito santo solemnly said and the prayer de eligendo Pontifice recited let all the Cardinals which are present in the palace which shall be called the Conclave which is to be in a secure place close in all parts and well guarded be shut in with two or three servants only for their necessities Let it not be lawful for any to enter after the conclave is shut up nor for any to come forth except in the case of infirmity And if any be obliged to go in or out let it be by consent of the whole Colledge Nor is this conclave to have any Wall or partition to distinguish one chamber from another but let there be certain traverses of Linnen or cloath to divide their Lodgings and they to be given to the Cardinals by lot to prevent all controversies for place 5. That it be not only unlawful to Elect those
was written in the same Bull We command the Angels to carry the absolved Soul into Paradise It was then a received Article that the Pope may command the Angels as his Serjeants Pope Clement granted great Indulgences to such as could not go but could find Money for that use Out of an old French Chronicle so as he that gave a penny was to have one year's pardon he that gave twelve pence twelve year's pardon and he that would give as much as would maintain a man going over Seas a plenary pardon for all The Pope appointed certain men whom he put in trust for the receiving of this Money Unspeakable were the sums of Money that were given for the purchasing these pardons for five years together At the end whereof when the good men were ready to go and perform what they had promised and vowed the business was broke off but the Pope kept the Money the Marquess his Nephew had a share of it and King Philip the fair and his three Sons who had taken up the cross to go thither in person Edward King of England and other noble persons stayed at home In this Council it was ordained that the feast of Corpus Christi should be kept with many Indulgences granted unto them who should celebrate this Feast In the same Council Pope Clement V. set forth a Book of Papal decrees called Liber Clementiarum which was received Symson Eccles Hist in Cent. 14. allowed and ratified by this Council Nauclerus saith that Clement before his death repented the setting out of this Book and commanded it to be burnt Yet notwithstanding the succeeding Popes and particularly John XXII confirmed and Authorized the said Book again together with the Decretals of Gregory and Boniface because these Books highly advanced the See of Rome exempting the Bishop of Rome from subjection to general Councils and attributing power to him to receive or reject the Emperour after he is chosen comparing the Pope to the Sun and the Emperour to the Moon Finally counting it a thing necessary unto Eternal Life that every person be subject to the Bishop of Rome It was also ordained that Schools should be erected and foreign Tongues should be learned namely the Hebrew Chaldaick and Arabick Languages It was also ordained that the name and remembrance of the Templars should be rooted out which decree was put in execution by all Christian Princes Know then Tho. Fuller supplem Hist sacribelli ca. 1. that about nineteen years after the Christians had lost all in Palestine by the cruel deed of Pope Clement V. and foul Fact of Philip the fair King of France the Templars were finally extirpated out of all Christendom Pope Clement having long sojourned in France had received many great courtesies from King Philip yea he owed little less than himself to him At last Philip requested of him a boon great enough saith my Authour for a King to ask and a Pope to grant namely all the Lands of the Knights Templars in France forfeited by reason of their horrible Heresies and licentious living The Pope was willing to gratifie him in some good proportion for his favours received and being thus long the King's Guest he gave him the Templars Lands and Goods to pay for his entertainment On a sudden all the Templars in France are clapt in prison damnable sins were laid to their charge as sacrificing of Men to an Idol they worshipped roasting of a Templar's Bastard and drinking his Blood spitting upon the cross of Christ conspiring with Turks and Saracens against Christianity they were charged with Sodomy Bestiality with many other Villanies out of the Road of humane corruption and as far from Man's Nature as God's Law The sole witness against them was one of their own Order a notorious Malefactor who at the same time being in prison and to suffer for his own offences condemned by the Master of their Order sought to prove his Innocency by charging all his own Order to be guilty And he swore most heartily to whatsoever was objected against their Order Besides many of the Templars being brought upon the rack confessed the accusations to be true wherewith they were charged Hereupon all the Templars were most cruelly burned to death at a stake through all France with James the Grand-Master of their Order Many men accounted not the Templars Malefactors but Martyrs First because the witness was unsufficient a Malefactor against his Judge and Secondly they bring tortured men against themselves And a confession extorted upon the Rack say some is of no validity But being burned at the stake they denyed it at their death though formerly they had confessed it A Templar being to be burned at Burdeaux and seeing the Pope and King Philip looking out of a Window Hospin de Orig. Monach. ca. 18. fol. 193. cryed unto them Clement thou cruel Tyrant seeing there is no other among mortal men to whom I should appeal for my unjust Death I cite Thee together with King Philip to the Tribunal of Christ the just Judge who redeemed me there both to appear within one year and a day where I will lay open my cause and Justice shall be done without any by-respect In like manner James Grand-Master of the Templars though by piece-meal he was tortured to death craved pardon of God and those of his order That forced by extremity of pain upon the rack and allured with hope of life he had accused them of such damnable sins whereof they were innocent True it is they were generally cryed up for innocents But Pope Clement and King Philip were within the time prefixed summoned by death to answer to God for what they had done Besides King Philip missed of his expectation and the morsel fell besides his Mouth the Lands of the Templars which were first granted to him as a portion for his youngest Son being afterwards by the Council of Vienne bestowed on the Knights-Hospitallers William Durand Bishop of Menda in Languedoc being summoned by Clement V. to the general Council at Vienne to come and see what was fitting to be reformed in the Church made a Book de Consiliis toward the beginning whereof he saith It seemeth to be a thing considerable and it is most expedient and necessary that before any thing else we should proceed to the correction and reformation of such things as ought to be corrected and reformed in the Church of God as well in the head as the Members And in the first Chapter of the third Book Verily as concerning the Reformation of the Catholick Church to bring it about profitably and effectually it seems expedient that it begin at the Head that is at the Holy Church of Rome which is the Head of all others Then he sets down in particular such things as stood in need of reformation notably representing many abuses of the See of Rome that deserved to be corrected But for all his learned discourse there was nothing done therein in
the Empire Anno 361. having before obtained of Constantius the Title of Caesar and been Entitled Augustus by the Soldiers in the City of Paris In the Year 375. St. Martin was made Bishop of Turin in France Exuperius was Bishop of Tholouse Simplicius of Vienna Amandus of Bourdeaux Maurice of Anjou Philastrius of Breux these were all accounted Bishops of great fame About this time sprung up the Sect of the Donatists Fuller's Prophane State Cap. 11. who were so called from a double Donatus as one saith whereof the one planted the Sect the other watered it and the Devil by God's permission gave the encrease The elder Donatus raised a Schism in Carthage against good Cecilian the Bishop there whom he loaded unjustly with many crimes which he was not able to prove August ad quod vult Deum and vexed with this disgrace he thought to right his credit by wronging Religion and so began the Heresie of the Donatists His most Dominative Tenet was that the Church was perished from the face of the earth the reliques thereof only remaining in his party There were two principal sides of them first the Rogatists so called from Rogatus their Teacher to whom St. Augustine beareth witness That they had zeal but not according to knowledge These were people of good lives hating bloody practices though erroneous in their Doctrine But there was another sort whom they called Circumcellions though as little Reason can be given of their Names as of their Opinions Their number in short time grew to be considerable Their Tenet was plausible and winning and that Faith is easily wrought that teacheth men to think well of themselves From Numidia Quod apud eum solum justitia locum haberet Aug. contr Petil. Lib. 2. where they began they overspread Africa Spain France Italy and Rome it self Their greatest increase was under Julian the Emperour This Apostate next to no Religion loved the worst Religion best they fled to this Bramble for succour extolling him for such a Godly man with whom alone justice did remain and he restored them their Churches again and armed them with many privileges against Christians Hereupon they killed many men in the very Churches murthering Women and Infants and ravishing Virgins c. The Donatists were opposed by the Learned Writings of private Fathers Optatus Milevitanus and St. Augustine and by two Councils one at Carthage Vid. August Epist 162. another at Arles in France Pope Miltiades was by the Emperour made Judge between the Catholicks and Donatists and after him the Bishop of Arles This Heresie continued till about the six hundreth year of Christ and that which put a period to this Heresie was partly their own dissentions but chiefly they were suppressed by the Civil Magistrate for Honorius the Emperour by punishments mixt with Instructions from the Church Vide Baron Annal in Anno 362. Num. 264. converted and reclaimed very many He caused the Patent of Privilege which Julian granted the Donatists Publicis locis affigendum in ludibrium To be affixed to publick places for a reproach unto them Julian was slain in battel against the Persians having governed the Empire after the death of Constantius one year and seven months Then Jovian was saluted Emperour who being a professor of the Christian Faith rejected the Arians but he died of a surfeit in the eighth month of his Reign Then Valentinian was Elected Emperour a man constant in the Christian Faith but he died of an Apoplexy in the twelfth year of his Government leaving his Son Gratian to succeed him in the Empire who after the death of Valens his Uncle had the Government both of East and West his Brother Valentinian was his Colleague in the Government of the West Gratian in the beginning of his Reign reduced from banishment those Bishops whom Valens that Arian Persecutor had banished Gratian was slain by Andragathius Captain of the Army of Maximus who usurped the Empire of the West by fraud and treachery near Lions in France where he made his abode But Theodosius a man of Noble Parentage in Spain to whom Gratian had committed the Government of the East being mindful of the kindness of Gratian toward him lâ—d an Army against Maximus The Captains of Maximus's Army hereupon delivered him bound to Theodosius who put him to death Andragathius who slew Gratian seeing no way to escape threw himself head-long into the Sea and so perished Not long after Eugenius by the Power of the Earl Arbogastes Usurped the Government Anno 391. And the year following the said Arbogastes slew Valentinian at Vienna in France Epiphanius saith he was strangled in his Palace Century V. IN the Year 401. died St. Martin Bishop of Turin who following Hillary into France from his banishment having there lived an austere and retired life was Created Bishop of Turin almost at that time that St. Ambrose was established Bishop of Milan viz. in the Year 375. A man to be admired above all his Predecessors for Piety whom the Emperours themselves have had in great esteem and among the rest Maximus who feasted him Anno 386. in a Feast that his Wife the Empress had prepared who supplyed the place of a Waiter and Attendant at the Table her self Sulpitius Severus in the life of St. Martin sheweth that when he was to be chosen Bishop one of the people having taken the Psalter in the place of the Reader then absent began to read the eighth Psalm where there was Vt destruas inimicum defensorem at which word defensorem the people cryed out against one Defensor who opposed Martin's Election to the Episcopacy About this time the Monastical Profession came into Europe to which Jerome at Rome and St. Martin in France did much contribute In the Year 446. the Pelagian Heresie having spread over all Britain the British Churches being infected therewith King Vortigern sent for Germanus Bishop of Auxerres and Lupus Bishop of Troyes in Champagne out of France men eminent for their Counsel and Doctrine who confuting the Pelagians gained to themselves great esteem among the Britans After the return of Germanus and Lupus into their own Countrey Pelagianism began to sprout forth again in Britain But after three years Germanus returning back again into Britain brought with him Severus and the Pelagian Heresie was again condemned in a second Synod Britain being thus settled in good order Germanus went again into France and died soon after his return In this Century flourished other worthy Bishops and Preachers in France Eucherius Bishop of Lions was then eminent some of whose writings are yet extant Baron ad Ann. 453. About this time Baronius speaks of a Synod of Anjou which saith Let none be Ordained Priests or Deacons but such as have one Wife only who married Virgins Hillary first Bishop of Arles and afterward as appeareth of Vienna flourished about the year 458. he opposed himself directly to Leo Bishop of Rome and would acknowledge no
with augmentation if need require for eschewing of perjuries false testimonies and many other inconveniences Of the Council of Tours In the same Year 813 at the Commandment of the Emperour Charles the Great a Council of many Bishops and Abbots was Assembled there about establishing Ecclesiastical Discipline 1. In the first Canon all men are admonished to be obedient to the Emperour Charles and to keep the Oath of Allegiance made unto him and to make prayers for his prosperity 2. All Bishops shall frequently read all the Books of holy Scripture together with the Books of Ancient Fathers written thereupon 3. It is not lawful for any Bishop to be ignorant of the Canons of the Church and of the Pastoral Book of Gregory 4. Let every Bishop feed the Flock committed to him not only with Doctrine but also with an holy Example 5. That a Bishop be content with a moderate diet that holy Lectures be read at his Table rather than the idle words of Parasites 6. Let strangers and poor people be at Bishops Tables whom they may refresh both with corporal and spiritual repast 7. That the delicate pleasure of the eye and ear be eschewed lest the mind be enchanted therewith 8. Let not the Lords Servants delight in vain jesting nor in hunting and hawking 9. Let Presbyters and Deacons follow the footsteps of their Bishops in leading a pious life 10. Let Bishops take care of the poor and faithfully dispense Church-goods 11. That Bishops may with consent of Presbyters and Deacons bestow somewhat out of the Church-treasure to support needy people of that same Church 12. A Presbyter is not to be Ordained till he is thirty years old 13. Let the Bishop see that in his own Parish Church no Presbyter coming from any other parts do Service in his Church without Letters of Recommendation 14. Let a Presbyter leaving a low place and presuming to an higher incurr that same punishment which a Bishop taken in the like fault should incurr 15. A Presbyter who getteth a Church by giving money for it let him be deposed 16. Let Tithes bestowed upon Churches by advice of Bishops be faithfully distributed to the poor by the Presbyters 17. The Families of the Bishops shall be instructed in the summ of the true Faith in the knowledge of the retribution to be given to good men and the condemnation of evil people and of the resurrection and last judgement c. 18. That the Bishop instruct his Presbyters concerning the Sacrament of Baptism what it is they should desire the baptized people to renounce 19. That Presbyters when they say Mass and do communicate do not distribute the Lord's body indiscreetly to children and to all persons who happen to be present c. Then Reader take notice that private Masses had no place in those dayes but they who were duly prepared did communicate with the Priest 20. Presbyters shall not suffer the holy Chrism to be touched by any man 21. Presbyters shall not haunt Taverns 22. Bishops and Presbyters shall prescribe to sinners who have confessed their sins penance discreetly according to the nature of their fault 23. Chanons who dwell in one City shall eat in one Cloyster and sleep under one roof that they may be ready to Celebrate their Canonical hours 24. From the 24 to the 32 Canon are Constitutions concerning Monks and Nuns which I overpass with silence 32. All Christians are exhorted to peace and concord 33. Lords and Judges should hearken to the good admonitions of their Bishops and Bishops on the other side should reverently regard them 34. Lords and Judges are not to admit vile persons to bear witness in their Judicatories 35. Let no man for his Decree receive a reward 36. Let every one be careful to support indigent persons of his own kindred 37. That Christians do bow their knees in prayer except upon the Lord's Day and other Solemn dayes on the which the Universal Church keepeth a memorial of the Lord's Resurrection At such times they use to stand and pray 38. That none enter into the Church with noise and tumult and in time of prayer and celebration of the Mass not to be busied in vain confabulations but even to abstain from idle thoughts 39. Let not the Consistories of Secular Judges be in the Church or porches thereof in any time to come because the House of God should be an house of prayer 40. That Merchandize be forbidden on the Lord's Day that the whole day be spent in God's service 41. That paricides murtherers and incestuous persons be reduced to Order by the discipline of the secular power 42. That all people abstain from Magical Arts which are the deceitfull snares of the Devil 43. A frequent custom of swearing is forbidden 44. That the causes of many Free Subjects brought to poverty by oppression be examined by the Emperour 45. That false weights and measures are an abomination to the Lord. 46. The 46 Canon bewaileth that Tithes were not duly paid to the Church shewing the ill effects thereof 47. When general Fastings are appointed for any impendent Calamity let no man neglect the fellowship of the humble Church c. 48. Drunkenness and surfeiting are forbidden c. 49. Lords and Masters are to be admonished not to deal cruelly with their subjects yea and not to seek that which is due unto themselves with excessive rigour 50. Let Laick people communicate at least thrice in a year unless they be hindered by some great sins committed by them 51. In the last Canon mention is made that they diligently examined the cause of them who complained to the Emperour that they were dis-inherited by the donation of Lands which their Fathers and Friends had bestowed on the Church and in their bounds they found no man who did complain yet in that matter if any thing was done amiss they humbly submitted themselves to be corrected by their Soveraign Lord and King Of the Council of Chalons This Council was Convened in the same year of our Lord 813 by the Commandment of Charles the Great for the Reformation of the Ecclesiastical Estate Many of the Canons of this Council are co-incident with the Canons of the former which I shall overpass and mention only some of the other Can. 3. Let Bishops Constitute Schools wherein Learning may be encreased and men brought up in them that may be the salt of the earth to season the corrupt manners of the people and to stop the mouths of Hereticks 4. Let Church-men shew humility in word deed habit and countenance 5. Let Priests be unreproveable adorned with good manners and not given to filthy lucre 7. Bishops and Abbots who have circumvented simple men and shaven their heads and by such means do possess their goods let them be subject to Canonical or Regular Repentance 8. If Church-men lay up provision of Corn in Victualling-houses let it not be to keep them to a dearth but therewith to support the poor in a time of need
ANno 1107. Pope Pascal the second gathered a Council at Troyes in France to throw out of the hands of the Emperour Henry V. the right of Investiture of Bishops In the beginning of this Century Great Hugh of France was buried at Tarsus in Cilicia Duke Guelpho at Paphos in Cyprus Diemo the Arch-Bishop of Saltzburgh saw his own Heart cut out and Martyred by the Turks at Chorazin so many thousand Souldiers were consumed with Plague Famine and the Sword that Conrade Abbot of Vrspurg Urspurg in Chronico p. 38 39. who went and wrote this Voyage saith God manifested by the event that this War was not pleasing to him Rabbi Solomon-Jarchi a learned French Jew who hath commented on the whole Bible to whom Lyra is beholden for the Hebrew dyed Anno 1105. Philip King of France having resigned his Crown to his Son Lewes at Orleans and caused him to be Crowned King dyeth at Melun Anno 1109. Calixtus the second before called Guido of Burgundy descended of the Kings of England and France succeeded Pope Gelasius He was chosen Pope at Clugny in France by a few Cardinals whom Gelasius had brought with him yet was Pope Gregory alive whom the Emperour himself had created Calixtus besiegeth Satrium a Town where Gregory was and having taken the Town and his fellow Pope he caused him to be set upon a Camel with his Face to the Camel's Tail so he was brought through the streets of Rome holding the Tail in his hand instead of a Bridle and afterwards being shorn he was thrust into a Monastery This Pope Calixtus was the first that established the decrees of the Papal See against the Emperour He held a general Council at Rhemes and decreed that Priests Deacons and Sub-Deacons should put away their Concubines and Wives and whosoever was found to keep his Wife should be deprived of Benefice and all other Ecclesiastical living whereupon a certain English Writer made these Verses following O bone Calixte nunc omnis Clerus odit te Quondam Presbyteri poterant Vxoribus uti Hoc destruxisti postquam tu Papa fuisti Ergo tuum meritò nomen habent odio He sate five years and ten months Honorius the second succeeded him In the time of this Honorius Arnulph a singular preacher of Christian Religion flourished Hugo Platina and Sabellicus say he was Bishop of Lions in France Trithemius saith he was a Priest whose History I will briefly set down Arnulph was a devout and zealous Man a worthy preacher Coming to Rome he rebuked in his preaching the dissoluteness incontinency avarice and pride of the Romish Clergy provoking all to follow Christ and his Apostles rather in their poverty and pureness of Life by reason whereof this man was well accepted and liked of the Nobility of Rome for a true Disciple of Christ but of the Cardinals and Clergy he was no less hated than favoured of the other insomuch that privily in the night season they took him and destroyed him This his Martyrdom saith he was revealed unto him before by an Angel he being in the desert when he was sent forth to preach Whereupon he thus spake unto them publickly I know saith he ye seek my Life and will destroy me privily because I preach to you the truth and blame your pride avarice incontinency with your unsatiable greediness in getting and heaping up riches therefore you are displeased with me I take here Heaven and Earth to witness that I have preached unto you that which I was commanded of the Lord but you contemn me and your Creator who by his only Son hath redeemed you And no marvel if you seek my death being a sinful man preaching to you the truth whereas if St. Peter were here this day and rebuked your vices which do so multiply above measure you would not spare him neither And as he was saying this with a loud voice he added for my part I am not afraid to suffer death for the truth's sake but this I say unto you that God will look upon your iniquities and be avenged of you You being full of all impurity play the blind guides to the people committed to you leading them the way to Hell Thus the hatred of the Popish Clergy being incensed against him for preaching they conspired against him and killed him Sabellicus and Platina say Fox Act. Monum ad ann 1131. that they hanged him and others that they drowned him All the Clergy were defamed for his death the Pope took it ill but he revenged it not Hildebert forementioned Arch-Bishop of Tours about this time wrote many Epistles in one unto an Earl going in Pilgrimage he condemneth Pilgrims for visiting of Monuments And speaking of the Romanists he saith their business is in ease their prey is in peace their fighting is in fleeing and victory in cups they regard no man nor order nor time they are in Judgement Scythians in Chamber vipers at Feasts peasants in understanding stones in respect of anger fire to forgive iron in discretion pratling Daws in friendship Panthers in deceit Foxes in pride Bulls to devour Minorants He wrote to Honorius II. refuting appellations to Rome because it was a novelty contrary to the Scripture and very hurtful to the Church He sheweth the condition of Rome briefly in two Verses Morn in Myst Vrbs foelix si vel Dominis urbs illa careret Vel Dominis esset turpe carere fide He was apprehended and imprisoned at Rome King Lewes called a Council of the Lords and Bishops of France at the City of Orleans where of the Bishop of the same place he was solemnly anointed and Crowned but not without the grudging of the Arch-Bishop of Rhemes The French begin to fall from their obedience and rebellions are kindled in divers places of his Realm and the places near unto Paris began these first revolts his Reign was very troublesome He had crowned his eldest Son Philip who going to take the Air on Horse-back an Hog passed under the Belly of his Horse which being scared threw him down and bruised him so that within few days after he dyed Then King Lewes marrieth his Son Lewes to the Heir of Guienne He made Henry his third Son Bishop of Beavois another Philip Arch-Deacon of Paris Peter Earl of Courtney Robert Earl of Dreux and married his only Daughter Constance to Reimund Earl of Tholouse and St. Giles Lewes the gross having thus settled his Children dyed Anno 1137. His Son Lewes VII succeeded him and reigned three and forty years his long reign was nothing happy and contains in it nothing that was memorable but that the foundation was laid for a long calamity for France After the death of Baldwin King of Jerusalem Baldwin de Burgo his Kinsman was chosen King This Baldwin was a proper Personage and of able body born nigh Rhemes in France Son to Hugh Count of Roster He was very charitable to the poor and pious toward God witness the brawn on his hands
France being gathered together do offer most devout kissings of your blessed Feet We are compelled with sorrow to signifie unto your Holiness that our most dear Lord Philip by the Grace of God the noble King of France Fox Act Monum Tom. 1. p. 453. 454. when we saw the Letters sealed and sent to him of late on your behalf by the Cardinal of Narbo your Notary and by him were presented to him and certain others of his Barons upon the perusing of these bloody Letters being read unto them sitting by him both our Lord the King and the Barons were highly incensed Then the King commanded to be called before him the other Barons then absent and us also to appear personally c. Being all thus called and come together we stood before the King this Wednesday being the tenth of this present April in St. Mary's Church in Paris There our Lord the King told us that it was signified to him among other things by the aforesaid Cardinal and Letters that for his Kingdom which he and his Ancestors hitherto do acknowledge they hold of God only now ought in Temporal things to be subject unto you and hold of you And ye have called to appear before you the Prelates and Clergy of the said Realm for the correcting of such wrongs as ye pretend to be done to Ecclesiastical persons both Regular and Secular abiding within the Realm and elsewhere c. Ye are charged also for reserving and wilful ordering of Arch-Bishopricks Bishopricks and bestowing of great Benefices of the Realm upon Strangers whereby the decay of God's Worship hath ensued the pious wills of the godly Founders are defrauded of their godly purpose the poor of this Realm are without their accustomed Alms the Realm is impoverished and the Church is in danger of Ruine the Churches being unserved whilst the Prophets are taken away the fruits of those that serve them being given unto strangers Also He complained of new Taxes laid upon the Churches with unmeasurable exactions by which the general State of the Church is changed c. Therefore he required us all both Prelates and Barons to ordain wholesome things for the easing of the aforesaid grievances and for redressing the Realm and the French Church and therefore we should regard to be ready with counsel to help in season as we are bound by the duty of fidelity in these things Then the Barons having debated together on these matters coming to our Lord the King and thanking him for his laudable purpose answered with one voice that for those things they were not only ready to offer to spend their goods but also to yield their persons unto death adding that if the King would suffer these things yet they would not Then our answer being demanded we said that we would not offend against the liberty of the Realm nor by any means innovate things contrary to the King's honour in that behalf We exhorted him to keep the bond of Vnity which hath continued until now betwixt the Holy Romish Church and his predecessours but when we were told that if any Man were of a contrary mind from thenceforth he should be manifestly counted an Enemy of the King and the Realm we answered that we would help our Lord the King with due counsel and Aid for the preserving of his person and of the Laws and Liberties of the said Realm like as we are certain of us by the duty of Allegiance bound to him which hold of him Dukedoms Earldoms Baronies Fees c. by the form of the Oath as all others do Yet we requested the King that seeing we were bound to obey your Holiness he would suffer us to go according to the Tenour of your aforesaid calling Then it was answered on the behalf of the King and Barons that in no case they would suffer us to go out of the Realm Then we considering of so great an anger and trouble so jeopardous and also what things are attempted against Churches and Church-men to spoil their Goods and Riches with jeopardy of life seeing that the Laity do now abhor the obedience of Clerks and have taken courage to condemn the Ecclesiastical censure and process c. We thought good in this point of greatest necessity to run with sighs and tears to the Wisdom of your Holiness beseeching your Fatherly mildness that some wholesome remedy may be provided in the premisses by which the sound profitable agreement and mutual love which hath continued so long a time betwixt the Church the King and the Realm may be maintained in that old sweet Concord the State of the French Church may continue in godly and quiet peace and that ye would vouchsafe to foresee how to withstand the dangers and offences aforesaid that we and our States may be provided for by the aforesaid Commandement of your calling by the study of your Apostolical Wisdom and Fatherly Live The Almighty preserve your Holiness to his Holy Church a long time In the next year viz. 1304. about the Nativity of our Lady came a number of Harnessed Souldiers well appointed sent partly by the French King partly by the Cardinals of Columna whom the Pope before had deposed unto the Gates of Arvagium or Anagni where the Pope had hid himself There Sciarra Colonna Brother to the aforesaid Cardinals after many affronts done to his person and those that were about him and the plundering him of all his Wealth and Riches carryed him to Rome where at the end of 35 days he dyed of Anger in the ninth year of his Pontificate so that some took occasion to say he entred like a Fox governed like a Lyon and dyed like a Dog he dyed October 11. The Cardinals went into the conclave the 21 of the same Month and the next morning they elected the Cardinal d'Ostia called Fra. Nicholas di Treviso of the order of the preachers who took upon him the name of Benedict II. but he dyed in Perugia in the eighth month of his Pontificate in which City the whole Court being at that time it was resolved a new Pope should be chosen but they trifled away their time in disputes and clamours for two months The reason was the Cardinals were divided into three factions one stuck close to Charles King of Naples who would have a Pope according to his way another was for the principal Barons of Rome and a third stood firm to the interest of Philip King of France who had sent no small sums of Money and other presents to Cardinal Pietro Colonna to the end that with James his Uncle a Cardinal of the same name they might keep up the interest of France At length Cardinal Peter corrupted such with his gold as he knew were covetous of it feeding them on with promises besides so that part of the Cardinals being fast in those Chains and part of them intimidated with the threats of the Perugians now in Arms Cardinal Colonna proposing the Bishop of Burdeaux who
firmly to the shedding of their blood in resisting that intrusion of the Fryars This hapned on Decemb. 6. The next day being Sunday one of the Order of the Minorites or Franciscans went to the Church of the Majorites or preaching Fryars where he made a Sermon which was never seen before for the one Order to come and resort to the other beginning in the aforesaid matter to reply and to expound in order through every Article adding moreover that they went not so far in their priviledges as they lawfully might And said that when they obtained those priviledges in Rome the Bishop of Ambian was there present himself resisting the same with all his power yea all the Prelates of France sent and wrote up to the Court against the same and yet did not prevail For when the Fryars there declared to the Pope how far they had used their priviledges the Pope at the same time said Placet shewing that he agreed unto the same And now saith he the Prelates demand of us to send up our priviledges to the Court which were great folly in us for in so doing we should give way to the revoking the Authority which is given into our hands already Moreover our Warden and Master is now lately dead and the Master of the Dominican Fryars here is not now present wherefore we dare not determine in so weighty a cause touching the priviledges of our order without the presence of them And therefore we desire you of the University to hold us excused who are not the worst part of the University The next day being the eighth of the same month it was determined that one of the Dominick Fryars should preach in the Church of the Franciscan or Gray-Fryars and so he did going the same way as the other Fryar had done before in the other Church All the Heads of the University met together on the Vigil of St. Thomas's day in St. Bernard's Church at the same time A Sermon was preached by a Divine of the University wherein he with many words and great Authorities argued against them that would not be obedient to their Prelates The Bishop of Ambian the Sermon being ended prosecuted the same Argument And in conclusion the Fryars priviledges were in disputation confuted at Paris Certain Articles had formerly been given out against the Fryars by the Students of Paris why they should not be admitted to their Society 1 Say they our Society ought not to be Co-active but free and voluntary 2. Because we have often proved their community many ways to be hurtful and incomodious 3. Seeing they are of a diverse profession from us for they are called Regular and not Scholastical we ought not therefore to associate together in one Scholastical Office 4. Because they work dissentions and offences therefore we ought to avoid them 5. Because they devour Mens houses searching and sacking the Estates and Consciences of all persons circumventing those whom they find easie to be seduced and leading them from the Counsel of their Prelates 6. They suggest that the Fryars are false Prophets who being neither Bishops nor Parish-priests nor yet their Vicars nor sent by them yet they preach not sent against the mind of the Apostle Rom. 10. 7. Because they are so curious in searching and enquiring out other Mens doings and spiritual demeanour Wherefore seeing them in no order we are by the sentence of the Apostle commanded to avoid them Besides these Articles above rehearsed certain propositions were proposed in the Schools of Paris solemnly to be disputed and defended against the Fryars which were these 1. That the begging Fryars were not in a state of Salvation 2. That they were bound to labour with their hands that could and not to beg 3. That they ought not to preach or hear the confessions of any although they be Licensed thereunto by the Pope or by the Diocessan forasmuch as the same is prejudicial to the Ministers and Priests of the Parishes All those aforesaid Articles and conclusions Pope Alexander IV. had condemned to be abolished and burnt writing his precepts to the French King and the University of Paris in favour of the Fryars commanding all Liberties and priviledges to be restored to the said Fryars Another priviledge was given to the Fryars by Pope Clement IV. who succeeded Alexander IV. Anno 1263. But in the year 1281. Pope Martin IV. renewed again the Canon in behalf of the Curates against the Fryars In the year 1294. Boniface VIII granted to the Fryars that without licence of Vicars of Churches they shall first present themselves to the Prelates to be admitted by whom if they be refused the second time then they upon special Authority of this Pope shall be priviledged without either Bishop or Curate to preach to bury and to hear confessions from any that shall come unto them so revoking all that was decreed by his predecessours to the contrary Anno 1303. Pope Benedict II. revoked the constitution of Boniface his predecessour Then followed Pope Clement V. who in his general Council holden at Vienna revoked the constitution of Benedict his predecessour and renewed again the former decree of Boniface Upon this variable diversity of the Popes one dissenting from and repugning another arose among the Divines and Schoolmen in Universities great matter of contention in the Universities of Oxford and Paris about the begging Fryars some holding one way some another Five principal opinions be noted of learned men who then disputing against the Fryars were condemned for Hereticks and their assertions reproved The first was the opinion of them which defended that the Fryars might not by the licence of the Pope and of the Prelates preach in Parishes and hear confession Of this opinion was William de sancto âmore with his fellows who had been condemned The second opinion was that Fryars although not by their own authority yet by priviledge of the Pope and of the Bishop might preach and hear confessions in Parishes but yet not without licence of the Parish-priests Of this opinion was St. Bernard The third opinion was that Fryars might preach and hear confessions without Licence of the Parish-priests but yet the said Parishioners notwithstanding were bound by the Canon omnis utriusque sexus to repeat the same sins again if they had no other to their own proper Curate And of this opinion were many as Godfr de fontibus Henr. de Gandavo Joannes Monach. Cardin. Joannes de Poliaco Pope John XXII caused John de Poliaco openly io retract in Paris The Assertions which he held were these The first was they which were confessed to Fryars although having a general Licence to hear confessions Fox Act Monum were bound again to confess their sins to their own Parish-priest by the aforenamed Canon The second was that the said Canon standing in force Parishioners were bound once in a year to confess their sins to their Priest For the doing otherwise importeth a contradiction in it self The
with such an enemy as never bare Arms nor came into the field it is reported that he said he never dealt with any enemy which used so little armour and put him to so much trouble For King Charles after he came to the Crown never put on Armour himself but managing all his affairs by Wisdom and policy committed the execution thereof to his Brothers In the time of Charles V. a Book was written in France called The Vergers Dream Review of the Counc of Trent lib. 6. ca. 6. first in Latin then translated in French by his command In the seventh and eighth Chapter whereof the Clergy-man and the Knight confer together on this wise I call saith the Clerk and account the Decrees and Decretals of the Holy Fathers of Rome to be good Law which oblige every true Christian as a Subject and Son of a Holy Church our Mother To whom the Knight replyeth If the terms of Rome be Decrees or Decretals Ordinals or Constitutions touching the Temporal affairs of Kings Princes or other Secular Lords you Clerks among your selves shall call and account them Law if you please But the truth is That no Man can establish or ordain any thing where he hath no power nor Authority So as the King of France hath no power to make a Law or Ordinance to bind or tye the Empire so neither can the Laws of the Emperour bind the King of France and his Subjects And a little after I hold it therefore a frivolous thing and very ridiculous that the Holy Father should make any Decree Decretal or constitution about Temporal matters In the thirteenth years of the aforesaid Charles V. Charles IV. Emperour of Germany came into France by Cambray to do certain pilgrimages at St. Denis and elsewhere and so was conveyed with honourable men unto St. Quintin and from thence to Paris Mathias a Bohemian abode a long time in Paris and was called Pariensis he wrote a large Treatise of Antichrist in which he proveth that the Pope is the Antichrist He inveigheth against the Clergy for negligence in their callings and calleth them the Locusts mentioned in the Revelation He complains that every City and almost each man had his proper Saint or Saviour besides Christ the Images and Reliques that are set up in Churches to be adored he calleth the Invention of Antichrist He saith the worship of God is not tyed to persons places nor times he rebuketh the Cloysterers for contemning the Lay-men and calling themselves the only Religious he refuteth the merit of works and calleth them the cause of salvation sine quâ non In the end he prophesied Catal. Test Verit That God will once again send Godly preachers who in the zeal of Elias will openly disclose Antichrist unto the eyes of all the world After the death of Pope Gregory the Church began to be miserably torn with new schismes which began to arise betwixt the French and Italian Cardinals each Nation choosing it's own Pope and in it's own manner The French not able to digest the affront they received from Gregory in transporting the See from France into Italy departing privately from Rome they removed to Fondi and being arrived there they used many invectives and Satyrs against Vrban VI. whom they had already with the Italian Cardinals elected in Rome They pretended that they were forced to it by the people of Rome otherwise it was never their intention to make an Italian Pope For these reasons the Chair in their Judgements being vacant by the favour of Joan Queen of Sicily who was their friend Il. Cardinalismo part 3. lib. 1. they chose another Pope one Roberto a Cardinal with the Title of the Holy Apostles He was of Geneva and particularly of the Antient Family of the Conti in that City he took upon him the name of Clement VII From Fondi Clement removed with his Cardinals to Avignon where he was obeyed by the French and Spaniard These disputes lasted long the Legitimate Pope at Rome and and the Anti-Pope at Avignon firing their Bulls upon one another and sending them forth into all parts of the World The adherents of both sides set forth several defamatory Libels calling one another Schismatick Heretick Tyrant Thief Traytor Wicked Sower of Sedition Son of Belial and such like Stuff of which there are two Treatises extant at this day one of them written by Dr. John de Ligni in favour of Vrban against Clement and the other by the Abbot of St. Vast in favour of Clement against Vrban Whilst Clement was contriving which way to remove the Pope who resided in Rome he dyed Anno 1392. and was buried in Avignon He being dead Boniface IX who was Pope at that time in Rome writ a Fatherly Letter to the French Cardinals exhorting them to desist from their Schism and return to their obedience to the Holy Mother the Church of which he was he said the lawful Head But the French laughing as it were at such perswasions chose a successour to Clement which was Pietro della Luna who took the name of Benedict XIII who had argued very much in Clement's justification and that was the principal point upon which he was chosen by the Cardinals who concluded that he who defended another's cause with such ardour would doubtless more vehemently defend his own Whilst this Anti-Pope had his residence in Catalonia in the Castle of Paniscola administring the Sacramentss and conferring of dignities He was condemned together with the Cardinals which elected him by the Authority of a general Council Afterwards he assembled a Council at Perpignan where he created several Cardinals and commanded them after his death to follow his orders which were to choose another Pope without losing of time which they did For this Anti-Pope being dead at Paniscola the Cardinals chose one Giles Mungot a Chanon of Barcelona in his place calling him Clement IX who at the Instance of King Alphonso created Cardinals forthwith and began to Act in every thing as the true Popes use to do But afterwards upon Pope Martin the fifth's accomodation with King Alphonso Giles being commanded renounced the rights of the Papacy and was declared Bishop of Majorca and the Cardinals which he had created were likewise forced to renounce their Cardinalitial dignity Charles VI. succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of France at the Age of 12 years he was crowned in the year 1380. married in 1384. he falls into a Phrensie Anno 1393. and dyes Anno 1422. Charles the Wise left two Sons viz. this Charles VI. and Lewes Duke of Orleans And Charles VI. had three Sons Lewes John and Charles and one Daughter named Katherine These three Sons were Daulphins one after another in their Father's Life And Katherine was married to Henry V. afterwards King of England a mournful gage of an horrible confusion for this Realm Century XV. CHarles VI. having called a Council at Paris to consult about the schism which then was in the Popedom
commanding that one should be celebrated every ten years His opinion was followed by Ludovicus Faber and some others Anno du Bourge did add that many villanies were committed condemned by the Laws for punishment whereof the rope and fire were not sufficient viz. frequent blasphemies against God perjuries Adulteries not only secret but even cherished with impudent license making himself to be plainly understood that he spake not only of the Grandees of the Court but of the King himself also adding that while men lived thus dissolutely divers Torments were prepared against those who were guilty of nothing but of publishing to the World the vices of the Church of Rome and desiring an amendment of them In opposition of all this Egidius Magister the prime President spake against the new Sects concluding that there was no other remedy but that which was formerly used against the Albigenses of whom Philip Augustus put to death six hundred in one day and against the Waldenses who were choaked in the caves whither they retired to hide themselves All the voices being given the King said he had how heard with his own Ears that which before was told him that the contagion of the Kingdom doth hence arise that there are in the Parliament who do despise the Pope's Authority and His that he well knoweth they are but few but the cause of many evils Therefore he exhorted those who are good Subjects to continue in doing their duty and immediately gave order that Faber and du Bourg should be imprisoned and afterwards caused four more to be apprehended in their houses But at the same time as if there had been no danger at all the Ministers of the Reformed for so the Protestants are called in France assembled in Paris in the Suburbs of St. German made a Synod in which Francis Morellus the chief man among them was President ordaining divers constitutions of the manner of holding Councils of removing the domination in the Church of the Election and Offices of Ministers of censures of Marriages of Divorces of degrees of consanguinity and affinity that throughout all France they might not only have an Uniform Faith but Discipline also And their courage did increase because the same of the severity used in France coming into Germany the three Electors and other Protestant Princes sent Ambassadours to the King to disswade him from that rigour against the professours of their Religion But the King though he gave them a courteous Answer yet remitted nothing of the severity but after the Ambassadours were gone he deputed four Judges of the body of the Parliament in the causes of the prisoners with the Bishop of Paris and the Inquisitor Anthony de Mocares commanding them to proceed with all expedition Nicholas Clinet one of the Elders of the Church at Paris and Taurin Gravelle a Lawyer and Advocate in the Court of Paris and elder of the same Church were both burnt at Paris Bartholomew Hector was burnt at Thurin Mistriss Philippa de Luns was strangled at Paris Anno 1558. after she had a little felt the Flame with her Feet and Visage Of the same company was also Nicholas Cene a Physician Brother to Philip Cene above-mentioned and Martyred at Diion and Peter Gabart which two were brought forth to their execution Octob. 2. They were holden long in the Air over a small fire and their lower parts burnt off before that the higher parts were much harmed with the fire Nevertheless these Holy Men ceased not in all these torments to turn up their eyes to Heaven and to shew forth infinite Testimonies of their Faith and constancy In the same fire many Bibles and Testaments were burnt Among divers young Scholars and Students that were in the little Castle with Peter Gabart there were these two viz. Frederick Danville and Francis Rebezies neither of them being past 20 years of Age. How valiantly they behaved themselves in the cause of Christ what conflicts they had disputing with the Doctors of Sorbonne what confessions they made their own Letters left in writing do make Relation these valiantly suffered Martyrdom Crispin li. 6. comment Gallic de Statu Relig. Reipub. Rene Seau and John Almerick were almost wracked to death in prison and afterwards both of them dyed in prison John Bordel Matthew Vermeil Peter Bourdon Andrew de Fou at the Countrey of Bresil were also Martyrs Villegaignon Lieutenant to the French King brought three of them to the top of a Rock and there being half strangled without any Judgement threw them into the Sea The fourth viz. Andrew de Fou he caused by manifold allurements somewhat to incline to his sayings so he escaped the danger not without a great offence taken of a great part of the French-men in that Countrey Benet Romain a Mercer at Draguignan in Provence was wracked and burnt Francis Civaux who had been Secretary to the French Ambassadour here in England in Queen Maries time after being desirous to hear the word of God went to Geneva Also he was placed to be Secretrary to the Senate of Geneva where he continued about the space of a year Having then certain business he came to Diion where he was betrayed by a Priest apprehended and carried to prison and within seven days after was first strangled and then burnt Peter Arondeau of Rochel was burnt quick at the place called St. John in Greve at Paris The Heroick constancy which God gave hâ—m and wherein he endured victorious unto death was a mirrour of patience to Anne du Bourg Counsellour in the Parliament of Paris and to divers other then prisoners and was to them a preparation toward the like death which shortly after they suffered Thomas Moutard was burnt at Valenciennes Divers others also suffered Martyrdom at Paris for the profession of the Gospel Philip the second King of Spain after the death of his Wife Mary Queen of England was married to Elizabeth eldest Daughter to King Henry II. Philibert Emmanuel Duke of Savoy married with Marguarite the King 's only Sister and Charles Duke of Lorrain with Claude a younger Daughter of Franoe The King yielded to Philip all that he had taken from him as well on this side as beyond the Mountains To the Savoyard he restored Bresse Savoy and Piedmont to the Genevois the Isle of Corse and about four hundred places more conquered during the late fatal Wars which had made so many Provinces desolate ruined so many Castles Towns and Villages drunk up so much Christian blood and slain so many millions of Men of all qualities retaining nothing but the Territories of Boullen and Calais The prisons were now full of the Protestants the Marriages of the King's Daughters and Sister were solemnized with all the pleasures and sports that could be devised The Court exceeded in sumptuous Plays Masks Dances and Bon-fires the people expressed publick joy by reason of the peace with loud acclamations in these ceremonies But this pleasant Comedy was converted by a sad
example and perswasions the King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde were induced to renounce the Protestant Profession for a time Yet afterwards this same Rozarius being gravely admonished of the vileness of his Apostasie departed out of France into Germany and writ Letters to the Prince of Conde wherein he acknowledged his errour begged mercy of God for that he had been a snare and stumbling block unto him I read in the life of the learned Dr. Peter du-Moulin the elder that his Father Joachim du-Moulin See the Life of Dr. Peter du Moulin written by his Son was called to be Minister at Coenures near Soissons Anno 1570. The Protectour of that Church was Monsieur d'Estree called since Marques de Coanures who then professed the Protestant Religion But when he heard of the great Massacre of Paris August 24. 1572. and that the like was to be speedily executed over all France he presently forsook the Protestant Profession and to approve himself a true Convert expelled the said Joachim du-Moulin out of Coenures Then was the good man in great extremity and in this general Massacre the murtherers were seeking for him And how to dispose of his Wife and four little Children he knew not At last this he did he left his Children with a Woman of contrary Religion half a mile from Coenures Himself with his Wife fled to Muret a Town belonging to the Prince of Conde and so to Sedan with the Duke of Bovillon of the house of de la March who passed that way flying from the Court The Murtherers that were sent to kill Joachim and his Family for they spared neither Age nor Sex found the Womans house where the Children were left Ruffina the Woman to whom the Children were committed hid the Children in the straw of a Bed the ordinary bottom of beds of the lower sort in France and laid a feather-bed and a blanket over them Scarce had she laid the blanket when the Murtherers came into the room and searched it but lookt not in the Bed Peter then under four years of age not liking to be thus laid up would cry but his Sister Esther then seven years old who had been made apprehensive of their danger stopt his mouth with her hand whereby she made him struggle and to make some noise which to drown with another Ruffina pretending to reach something upon a shelf made the Pewter fall and then took it up again with much rustling till the Murtherers were gone As soon as they were out of doors she ran to help the Child whom she found well-nigh smothered with the stopping of his wind but he soon recovered and the Children were kept safe in her house till their Parents sent for them Thus God doth many times preserve the infancy of his servants from the rage of Satan and the world The day before that terrible execution the King dispatched Posts into divers parts of the Kingdom commanding the Governours of Cities and Provinces to do the like but this Commission was performed with more or less severity according to their several inclinations for the same night at Meaux and the daies ensuing at Orleans Roven Bourges Angiers Tholouse and many other places but above all at Lions there was a most bloody slaughter of the Hugonots On the other side in those places where the Governours were either Dependants on the Princes or followers of the family of Montmorancy the Order was but slowly and remisly executed And in Provence the Count of Tende refused openly to obey it for which cause being a while after at the City of Avignon he was secretly made away and as it was believed by the King's Commission The third day after the death of the Admiral the King accompanied by all the Princes and Lords of his Court went unto the Parliament where he pretended that he had miraculously discovered the conspiracy of the Admiral and his Complices to take away his life and not his alone but the lives of the Queen-Mother and the Dukes of Anjou and Alanâ—ou his Brothers and even the King of Navarre's also who because he was alienated from their party was esteemed no less their enemy than all the rest He gave order it should be recorded among the ordinary Acts of that Court that whatsoever had befallen the Admiral and the rest of his faction either in Paris or any other part of the Kingdom was done by his will order and express Commission Then he commanded them to proceed to the examination of Prisoners to defame the memory of the dead by laying open their Rebellions and by inflicting such punishments upon them as the strictness of the Law required And lastly he caused to be published not only in the Parliament but likewise in all the Streets of Paris that they should desist from further effusion of blood The Parliament condemned Briquemald and Cavagnes two Protestant Noble-men They laboured by torturing them to extort from them a confession of the fore-alledged Conspiracy But the Noble-men died constant in the true Faith without any confession of such Treason as was alledged They were publickly torn with Pincers and their bodies quartered Notwithstanding they were not ashamed in their names after their death to publish a confession of horrible Treason which they never confessed whilst they were yet alive Davil Hist of the Civil Wars of France lib. 5. The King commanded also a Statue of the Admiral 's to be broken in pieces and burned declaring him a Rebel a disturber of the Kingdom an Heretick and an enemy to all good men The Magistrates also sentenced the Hostel de Chastillon to be razed to the very ground and all his Posterity to be deprived of Nobility and made incapable of bearing any Office or possessing any goods in the Kingdom of France The King therefore dispatched his Grand-Provost with all diligence to seise upon his Wife and Children But his eldest Son with the Widow-Lady his Mother-in-Law the Wife of Teligni and Monsieur de la val the Son of Andelot deceased were already fled secretly to Geneva and the better to avoid their danger went to live among the Swisses in the Canton of Bearn The younger Children were condemned to death in their tender years coming to that end which in the variety of worldly affairs accompanies the ruine of great Families At the same time this execution was done in Paris la Charite which was still held by the Protestants was surprized by the Gens d'Arms of the Duke of Nevers The Town of Rochel was the Town of greatest importance of all the rest of the Towns that were yet in the hands of the Protestants The King with a mighty Army besieged it by Sea and Land which siege began in the Month of December and endured until the Month of July next following Anno 1573. The marvellous providence of God was seen in this siege for God sent a number of Fishes called Surdonnes to the support of the poor during the time of
grants Liberty of Conscience in those places he had taken and publisheth a Manifesto offering to take Arms against those that rebelled against their natural King The Duke of Espernon after the death of the Guises returned to his former greatness with the King Captain Du-Gast who killed the Cardinal of Guise treats about an accord with those of the League by the perswasion of the Archbishop of Lions The Truce was concluded by the Kings of France and Navarre upon these Conditions That the publick exercise of the Romish Religion should be restored in all places held by the Hugonots without any exception That the goods of the Clergy should be restored to them wheresoever they were and that all Prisoners which were in their hands should be set at liberty That the King of Navarre should be obliged to serve the King Personally with 4000. Foot and 1200. Horse wheresoever he should be Commanded and that all the Cities Towns and places of his party should observe the Laws and Constitutions of the Kingdom obey the Parliament and the King's Magistrates and on the other side that the King of Navarre should receive the City of Saumur and keep it in his power to have a Pass over the River Loire which yet he would be obliged to restore at the King's pleasure without any contradiction Which Capitulations after they were agreed upon and ratified Beaulieu the Secretary of State delivered up Saumur to the King of Navarre who gave the Government thereof to Sieur du Plessis Mornay his old Confident The same truce was made in Dauphiné between Colonel Alfonso Corso on the King's part and Monsieur de lesdiguiers for the King of Navarre and they united their Forces for their common defence The Protestants rejoyced exceedingly at this reconciliation magnifying their Faith and Obedience toward the King to the confusion of those who till then had published and defamed them as tumultuous and disobedient Rebels The King receives an aid of mony from the Great Duke of Tuscany and sends to the Swisses and Germans to assist him with Forces both of Horse and Foot He calleth all the Presidents and Counsellours of the Parliaments of Paris Roven and Dijon who were fled from the popular fury resolving that the Parliament of Paris should reside in Tours that of Roven in Caen in the same Province of Normandy and that of Dijon at Chalons and then by a sharp Edict declared them all Rebels who being chosen to the dignity of the Parliaments should continue to reside in those Cities and places which had withdrawn themselves from his obedience and forbad all men to have any recourse to them to seek for justice declaring all sentences to be void which they should pronounce under the name and title of Parliament The same declaration he made against the Duke of Mayenne against the Duke of Aumale and others Then having appointed Governours in all Provinces he gave Commission to make Levies to draw Souldiers together and that the War should be begun in every place The Parisians at the news of the Truce between the King and the Protestants besides many publick signs of contempt forbid the King to be prayed for any longer in the Canon of the Mass The Duke of Montpensier begins the War against those of the League defeateth the Gautiers in Normandy and the Count of Brisac's Forces who came to divert the siege of Falais The Duke of Mayenne takes Vendosme and the Count de Brienne Prisoner An interview was had between the French King and the King of Navarre at the Parc du Plessis without the Walls of Tours Mayenne assaults the King's Army at Tours where they fight a long time The King himself orders and disposeth his Souldiers puts himself among those that fight But Supplies coming from the King of Navarre he gives off the enterprize The Duke of Aumale besiegeth Senlis Monsieur de Longueville goes with small Forces to relieve it and raiseth the siege with a great slaughter of the Leaguers Aumale fighteth and loseth the day with his Artillery Baggage and thirty Colours Monsieur de Sancy having raised great Forces in Switzerland and begun the War with Savoy marcheth towards Paris against the Leaguers whither the King was also advancing But the Count de Soissons being assaulted by the Duke de Mercoeur is taken Prisoner The Sieur de Saveuse going with 400. Horse to joyn with Mayenne is routed by the Sieur de Chastillon and taken Prisoner The King takes Gergeau and Piviers But Chartres set open their Gates and having driven out the dependents of the League received the King with all his Army The Pope by Monitory declares the King liable to censure if within sixty daies he releases not the Prelates and doth not penance for the Cardinal of Guises death The King being troubled at it fasteth forty hours he said he thought it hard that he who had ever fought and laboured for Religion should be rashly Excommunicated because he would not suffer his own throat to be cut by the Arms of his Rebellious Subjects and that those who had sacked Rome and kept the Pope himself Prisoner had never been Excommunicated The King of Navarre being present answered But they were Victorious Let your Majesty endeavour to Conquer and assuredly the censures shall be revoked but if we be overcome we shall all die condemned Hereticks The King taking Estampes hangs the Magistrates and gives the pillage of the Town to the Souldiers Montereau was also taken by Storm and sacked Poissy yielded it self and now the King was Master of that spacious Bridge which there gives passage over the Seine Here Montpensier joyned with the King's Army Pointoise was after a bloody assault also forced to yield The next day the forreign Army arrived at Poissy-bridge there the Swisses joyn with t e King All the Bridges being lost all the neighbouring Towns surrendered all the passages of the River stopped and the City straitned on all sides there was no other hope left but what the presence of the Duke of Mayenne and of the Army afforded which was all shut up within the Circuit of the Suburbs of Paris The City of Paris being much straitned and under great terrour a thing well known to the King by the frequency of those who ran every hour from the City to his Camp upon the last day of July he would needs Personally view the Enemies Posts resolving on the 2. of August to assault their works on every side In his return toward S. Cloud stopping his Horse upon an hill from whence he saw all the City distinctly he brake forth into these words O Paris thou art the head of the Kingdom but an Head too great and too Capricious it is necessary by letting blood to cure thee again I◠hope that within few daies here shall be neither walls nor houses but only the very footsteps of Paris But now there was in Paris one Jaques Clement a Frier of the Order of S. Dominick born of
entitled La confusion des Disputes Papistes Par Daniel Chamier And another in answer to some questions of Cotton the Jesuite He was killed at Montaubon with a Canon Bullet which had a C. on it on the Lords day Being asked by one before whether he Preached on that day he said it was his day of repose or rest and so it proved though he meant it in another sense In the year 1618. the Lords States and the Curators of the University of Leyden renewed a former demand of theirs concerning Dr. Du Moulin to be their Divinity Reader The Learned Erpenius was sent twice into France on that errand And when he could not be obtained from the Church of Paris they demanded by the same Erpenius the famous Rivet and had him The Queen-Mother makes an escape from the place of her confinement and is received by the Duke of Espernon Anno 1619. And being arrived at Loches she endeavours to justifie her escape Cardinal Du Perron died Anno 1618. charging his friends upon his death-bed then about him to send a solemn Farewel by him to Monsieur Du Plessis and to manifest his sorrow for not having made a stricter League of friendship with him having so high an esteem of his Conscience and integrity The Queens affairs having ill success all those who had engaged in her party were abandoned to the King's mercy but as for her self she was permitted to come to Court The Duke of Espernon layes down his Arms and the Marquess de Valette by the Command of the Duke his Father The Duke of Mayenne refuseth to accept the Peace and endeavours to engage the Duke of Espernon in his discontents but he refuseth to stir In the year 1620. a National Synod of the Protestants being called at Alais in Languedoc Dr. Du Moulin was sent Deputy to it and he made account in his return to go out of the way to see Rochel A little before he took that journey the Lord Herbert of Cherbury then Ambassadour of England in France urged him to write to the King his Master to exhort him to undertake vigorously the defence of his Son in Law the King of Bohemia So the Doctor writ to the King and delivâ—red his Letters to the Lord Ambassadour's Secretary then immediately he went to Alais where he was chosen President of the Synod In the mean while his Letters to King James were delivered to the Council of State in France how or by whom the Doctor could never learn Scarce was he in Languedoc when it was concluded at Paris in the ouncil of State that he should be apprehended and committed Prisoner for exhorting a foreign King to take Arms for the defence of the Protestant Churches And because the Council was informed that the Doctor would return by Rochel a place which then gave great jealousies to the Court they wouid not take him before he had been there the informers against him intending to make his going to Rochel an Article of his indictment The affairs of Bearn were now of such a nature as that the King's presence seemed to be very necessary there therefore he determines to move that way and goes to Xantonge and from thence passeth over into Guienne He is magnificently entertained by the Duke of Espernon two daies at Cadillac and departs from thence to go into Bearn He was made believe that the Council of this little Country would submit to his Royal pleasure without obliging him to perform that voyage but the King must undergo that trouble He went thither where his presence produced the same effect it had done in other places He over-ran all this little Province seizing as he passed on Navarrens the strongest place in it as he did also of Ortez and Olleron Principal Cities of that Country He subverted all their antient Customes restor'd the Bishop and other Ecclesiasticks to their Estates and Dignities took away the Administration of affairs of the Country from those of the Reformed Religion and re-established his own Authority but he left the Government of the Province in the hands of the Marquess de la Force since Mareschal of France who impatient to see his Authority cut so short by these alterations could hardly forbear till the King was got back to Paris from reducing things again to the same posture they were in before He therefore laboured all the Winter to drive out the Garrisons of Ortez and Olleron so that excepting Navarrens which was kept by the Marquess of Poianne whom the King had left Governour there he overthrew whatever his Majesty had done shuffling all things again into their former confusion During the Reign of Henry IV. who would not see it and the troublesom minority of Lewes XIII who could not molest them the Protestants had made themselves Masters of Ninety nine Towns well fortified and enabled for a siege In the opinion of their Potency they call Assemblies Parliaments as it were when and as often as they pleased There they consulted of the Common affairs of Religion made new Laws of Government removed and exchanged their general Officers the King's leave all this while never so much as formally asked In this licentious calling of Assemblies they abused their Power into a neglect and in not dissolving them at his Majesties commandment they encreased their neglect into a disobedience The Assembly which principally caused the War and their ruine was that of Rochel called by the Protestants presently upon the King's journey into Bearn This general meeting the King prohibited by his special Edicts declaring all them to be guilty of Treason which notwithstanding they would not hearken unto but resolutely went on in their purposes Being Assembled they sent the King a Remonstrance of their grievances to which the Duke L' Esdeguiers in a Letter to them written gives them a very fair and plausible answer wherein also he entreats them to obey the King's Edict and break off the Assembly Upon the receipt of this Letter those of the Assembly published a Declaration wherein they verified the meeting to be Lawful and their purpose not to dismiss themselves till their desires were granted This affront done to the King made him gather together his Forces yet at the Duke of Lesdiguier's request he allowed them twenty four daies respite before his Army should march towards them He offered them also very fair and reasonable Conditions such almost as their Deputies had solicited but far better than those which they were glad to accept when all the Towns were taken from them In their Assembly they made Laws and Orders that no peace should be made without the consent of the general Convocation about paying of the Souldiers wages for the detaining of the Revenues of the King and the Clergy and the like The Synod at Alais being ended Doctor Du Moulin hearing how the the Protestants would keep a Politick Assembly at Rochel against the King's will judged that it was an ill conjuncture of time for him to go to
1626. and the next day the General and particular Deputies ratified and confirmed them King Lewes made a severe Edict against Duels and took a solemn Oath not to shew any favour to those who should break it About this time there arose very great Disputes in the University of Paris especially between the Doctors of Divinity about a certain Book composed by Sanctarellus a Jesuite which treated of the power Popes had over Kings which Book had been approved by their chief President by the Pope's Vicegerent and by the Master of the holy Palace His Doctrine was That Popes had a power of direction or rather correction over Princes that they might not only Excommunicate them but deprive them of their Kingdoms too and absolve their Subjects from their Oaths of Allegiance whether it were for Heresie Apostasie or any other great publick crime whether it were for the insufficiency of their persons or for their not defending the Church and that the Pope might at last give their States to such as he should think fit For the present it made a great noise among the Doctors and was opposed by several Books which then were published The whole Body of Divines did condemn it some indeed of the old League seemed to favour it But the Parliament called the chief of the Jesuites before them and obliged them to sign a Declaration by which they should condemn the said Book and to cause another of the like to be subscribed by all the Provincials and Rectors and by Six of the most ancient of every one of their Colledges in France and so ordered the Book to be burnt by the common Hangman with prohibition to the Stationers to sell any of them At this time there were Combinations of divers Grandees of the Court against the King and State Madam de Chevuruse being discontented that her private intelligences with the English Ambassadour were so publickly taken notice of did not a little promote the undertakings by her animating of Monsieur the Grand Prior and Chalais to execute it both which were engaged by love to her as also that the Colonel d'Ornano abusing Monsieur's goodness and the credit which his place gave him did absolutely divert him from the Marriâ—ge which his Majesty had so earnestly desired should be celebrated The Cardinal discovered that Chalais was one of chief Instruments of the Enterprize and that Colonel Ornano was the Ring-leader of the Plot. That their chief end was to unite all the Provinces so close together that they might enforce his Majesty not to remove any thing from the Court and withal to permit them to live in the same licentiousness that they had a long while formerly enjoyed That to this effect they endeavoured the breaking of the match between Monsieur and Madamoiselle de Montpensier and to bring on that of Madamoiselle de Bourbon which would more nearly engage Monsieur to their Interests or else to persuade him to marry some other stranger Princess which might be a means to shelter and defend their designs by the forces and assistances which they might reasonably expect from such a Family That this once effected they intended the Count de Soissons should Marry Madamoiselle de Montpensier that the Houses of Guise and Bourbon might be united together and in this manner they would in a moment huddle up together all the leading potent persons of the Court. The Marshal de Ornano is arrested at Fountainbleau and carried Prisoner to the Castle of Bois de Vincennes where he died a few months after of a stoppage in his Bladder The Cardinal beseecheth the King to permit his retirement from the Court. And the King causeth the Duke de Vendosm and the Grand-Prior of France his Brother to be imprisoned at Blois The Marriage of Monsieur and Madamoiselle de Montpensier was celebrated soon after to the quiet and content of the whole Kingdom Chalais the Master of the King's Wardrobe is arrested from the Chamber of Justices at Nantes who condemned him of Treason and sentenced him to be beheaded which was done accordingly Then was the Sieur de Baradas removed from the Court who had been much in favour with the King About the end of this year great differences arose between the Bishop and the Officers of Verdun This being a Frontier Town was then lookt upon as considerable in regard Monsieur de Lorrain seemed to be active and able to attempt something upon France which obliged the King to go on with a design which he had long before resolved of the building a Citadel there The Abbey of S. Vannes was ever reputed the most fit place of all the City for that purpose whence it happened that in the Charter of the said Abbey there had been divers Articles concluded between the Bishop of Verdun and those to whom that place hath ever belonged in which they bound themselves to build their Church in some other place if it should be found necessary to make use of some part of it for the raising of a Citadel However the lines were so contrived that the Church was saved but that of the Capuchins was forced to be taken down which was afterwards done and rebuilt in another place Now the Bishop of Verdun being Lorrain's kinsman was wholly moved by him so that not considering what dependence he had upon the King he suffered himself to be engaged by the Duke to prevent the building of the Citadel On December 30. he published a Monitorium fixed upon all publick places against all such as should labour about it This proceeding was lookt on as a strange thing by the King's Officers The Sieur Guillet presently called a Council of his Majesties Officers of the Town to consider of what was to be done where it was concluded to tear down such Papers as had been any where posted up and to set others in their places of a contrary tenour in the King's behalf which was presently done The Bishop offended at it thundered out an Excommunication the next day against Guillet which he fastened in divers places and having given order to his Vicars not to act any thing in prejudice to his pretended authority he departed from Verdun and rode Post to Cologne In the mean while the Sieur Charpentier his Majesties President in Metz Thoul and Verdun being acquainted with the whole proceeding he declared the said Monitorium to be abusive and scandalous and commanded it to be torn and burnt by the Hangman That the said Bishop should be sent Prisoner to Paris That his Benefices in the mean time should remain in his Majesties hands and that he should pay a fine of ten thousand livres for his said fault This Judgement was put in execution with the usual form excepting only as to the Bishop's being sent to Paris so that he resolving not to suffer himself to be thus despoiled of his goods thought it his best course to send to the King to pacifie him for his rashness he also gave order to
reconcile himself to her favour but all in vain she was still so implacably bent against him that the Peace of Italy being now concluded and the time come wherein the King had promised her to remove the Cardinal she was importunately instant with the King for the accomplishment of his Royal word At last the order was signed for the Cardinal's removal The Cardinal withdrawes himself a little time from the Court but by the advice of the Cardinal de la Valette restores himself again with the the King and so the Queen-Mother not only fell from her hopes but also from her credit with the King whereupon she departeth out of France and goeth to Bruxels Monsieur the King's Brother requesteth the Parliament to indict the Cardinal so doth the Queen-Mother But the King justifies Richlieu by his Letters and Declarations The Duke of Espernon stops the progress of a new Insurrection by dismantling several strong Cities of the Hugonot Party as Millant St. Afrique Pont de Camares Saint-Rome Tarn and several other places The King of Sweden having invaded Germany the French King makes an Alliance with him he establisheth a Chamber of justice in Paris who give judgement against several persons Then is the Cardinal Richlieu created Duke and Peer of France The French Protestants had obtained permission by the King 's Breviate about the beginning of this year to make a National Assembly of their Ministers of France for the maintaining of their Order and worship The Cardinal was of opinion that his Majesty should require them to meet at Charenton because being within his view they would have the less freedom to renew such Cabals as they had formerly made in their Assemblies of Guienne and Lauguedoc This Order was followed and the Sieur de Galland Counsellour to his Majesty was sent to be President in the King's behalf his Loyalty was not to be suspected and they were obliged to accept of him in regard of divers authentique testimonies which made appear that this Order was conformable to that of Councils assembled in the Primitive times which they professed to honour The King especially commanded him to be careful that no Proposition were made which did not concern their Faith or Discipline to silence them in his Majestie 's name in case they should discourse of any other affairs and to establish such Rules as the Cardinal had proposed to keep that Party in submission To this end he used his utmost Prudence and Loyalty he perswaded them to enact that there should not any more National Assemblies be made but in the presence of a Commissary from the King who might by testifying their obedience be a means of continuing them in quiet Besides he induced them to resolve upon the absolute excluding of all Stranger Ministers this being intended of all that were not natural French and to inhibite their Ministers from leaving the Kingdom without his Majestie 's Licence by this means to prevent all intelligences associations and correspondencies with the enemies of the State according to the Laws of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's particular prohibitions In fine he used so much prudence that they required their Ministers not to intermeddle in any affairs Politick or Military and condemned a Book of Berraut Minister of Montauban as erroneous because he maintained that Ministers had a particular call from God to bear Arms. Divers Ordinances were made there for the subsistence of their Party The Emperour of Germany sendeth Cardinal Pasman to Rome to endeavour to break the French King's Alliance with the King of Sweden The French King having lately been in Lorrain The Administ of Card. Ricâ—â—eu after his return the Cardinal undertook to compose a difference between the Bishops and Friers which had made a great noise for sundry ages together The Friers relying upon their priviledges obtained from Rome pretended to have power both to Preach and confess without permission from the Bishops And the Bishops unto whom all people within their Diocess are subject by common right did perpetually thwart that pretension They could not down with the Friers Priviledges alledging they ought to be declared void as being repugnant to the Primitive Constitutions of the Church This quarrel had been especially fomented during the last year by reason some Books had been published in the name of the English Catholicks which preferred the Monastical life before that of the Prelates and seemed to imply that Friers were more necessary at least more useful to the Church than the ordinary Pastors Was it probable that the whole Society of Friers would relinquish the Priviledges they had obtained from the See of Rome On the other side what reason was there that the Prelates should have so little Authority over them in Administration of Sacraments and the Word of God seeing of old Friers were only mixed among the Laity and addressed themselves unto the Bishops Congregations to receive the Sacraments from their hands or those who executed their charge The Cardinal took upon himself to end this difference though he was at that time employ'd in the most important affairs of Christendom He therefore caused the Superiours of the Orders to come before him one by one well knowing that to negotiate such a business in a publick Assembly would be a labour in vain He was a person well versed in all Antiquities and accordingly he represented to them how that in the first institution of Monks they were Consecrated unto God by the mediation of Bishops who received their Vows instructed them and directed their Consciences He laid before them the Original of the whole affair and shewed them how that the Son of God had subjected all those who sold their goods and followed him unto the Apostles whose Successours the Bishops are whereupon they making a strict profession of leading an Evangelical life were more particularly obliged to observe the Order established in and by the Gospel not that he would question the validity of those exemptions granted from the See of Rome unto which he owed much more respect and obedience than to debate the Ordinances thereof yet that he must needs inform them that they could not be dispensed with from following the Order established by Jesus Christ or his Apostles in Administring the Sacraments and Word of God That in fine themselves could not deny but they were obliged to relinquish some part of their pretensions for the avoiding of trouble to the Church which was likely to ensue upon this account and whereof the Hugonots discoursed with much freedom That this peace would be more acceptable to God than all the advantages it could otherwise procure unto particular persons That it would tend unto their honours by testifying unto the world the moderation of their minds and humility of their spirits and that the world would esteem the better of them That he should not willingly propose that the Bishops should have ordinary jurisdiction over their persons or power to visit their Monasteries but
had exhibited this injurious Bill against his Guards to go with all his Souldiers to present himself before him and to ask of him if among all those he knew any one man who was likely to commit an unhandsom action The Lieutenant did as he was commanded and waited near to the Archbishops Palace his return from the City who seeing him come in his Coach presented himself to speak unto him The Archbishop seeing so many Souldiers attending the Lieutenant commanded his Coach-man to drive on The Lieutenant with his hat in his hand was urgent with the Archbishop to hear him assuring him he had nothing to say that could any way offend him But all was in vain the Coach-man was still called unto to drive on The Lieutenant called in the end to one of his Companions to lay hold on the reins and â—o stop the Horses which being accordingly done the Archbishop immediately went out of his Coach crying out there was violence offered to his Person and so retired himself into his House The Archbishop in the afternoon of the same day being October 29. summoned in all the Orders and Societies of Ecclesiasticks in the City he there exposed before them the open violence he pretended had been offered him Most of the Clergy fir'd by his Rhetorick concluded upon an Excommunication and upon Novemb. 1. he thundred out his Excommunication against the Lieutenant of the Guards and all his Companions and tacitly against the Duke himself Cardinal Richlieu endeavours an Accommodation betwixt them but in vain The Duke of Espernon calls an Assembly of several Learned Divines in his own house and all the Professours of the Canon Law to have their advice upon this Censure The most part of them were of opinion That there was some Exception to be taken against the Censure and said that all the forms being not observed they thought that those against whom it was pronounced were not obliged by it The Duke presently published their opinion by sound of Trumpet at which the Archbishop was so incensed that he cited these men to appear before him The Doctors surprized at this Citation flie to the Duke's Protection who issued out an Ordinance wherein he prohibiteth all sorts of persons of what quality or profession soever to meet in an extraordinary Assembly either in the Archbishop's Palace or else-where without his special Licence excepting nevertheless the Religious and Ecclesiasticks immediately belonging to the Congregation of the Archbishop and whose Counsels he customarily made use of for the better ordering the Discipline of his Diocess The Archbishop issued out a sentence against all those who had been of that opinion which the Duke had published whereby they were interdicted their Charges and Ecclesiastical Functions prohibited to Preach the Word of God to hear Confessions to Administer Sacraments in the Diocess of Burdeaux Commanding the superiour Provincials to chastise them and expell them out of the Covents of Burdeaux By the See of Rome all Prelates are inhibited to make any Censures against Religious Orders upon penalty of drawing that Excommunication on their own heads which they intended to inflict upon others The Religious hereupon appealed from this sentence to the Pope But the Archbishop assembled the Superiours of the Religious houses in his Palace to condemn that opinion which they had given in favour of Naugas the Lieutenant The Duke hereupâ—n placed the Archers of the Watch of the City upon all the Avenues and Gates of the Archbishop's Palace to hinder such as would obey the Archbishop's summons The Archbishop having notice hereof immediately puts on his Pontifical Robes and causing himself to be followed by some Ecclesiasticks together with what people he had about him went on foot out of the House crying out in the Streets as he passed along To me my People There is no more liberty for the Church In this posture he went to several Religious Houses of the City gathering after him a great number of people who ran from all parts to the novelty as he went along and in the end returned back towards his own Palace without being able to raise any commotion in the City Whilst these things were in doing the Duke was at the Capuccines in one of the remotest parts of the City and having news brought him by two Presidents of the Parliament what had passed the Duke speedily mounted his Coach following that way the Archbishop was gone having in company with him the Count de Maillè and the Commendator de la justice The Duke's Coach-man drave on through all till he came near the Archbishop's Palace where he overtook him The Archbishop still continued on his pace the Duke demanded of him by what Authority he stirred up this Commotion in his Government he was by the Archbishop interrupted who cried aloud Strike Tyrant thy blowes will be to me Flowers and Roses Thou art Excommunicated In this bustle the Duke catching him by the hand lifted it up twice or thrice and set it against his Breast But the Archbishop with his hat on still provoking him with injurious language the Duke with a Cane he had in his hand touched the brim of his hat and thrust it off his head to the ground telling him at the same time he did not know the respect he ought him But if the Reverence to his profession did not restrain him he would make him know it Then the Duke being return'd to his own house the Archbishop forthwith repaired to his Church and pronounced the sentence of Excommunication against him and all that were with him The Archbishop sends away a dispatch thereof to the Court wherein he gives the Cardinal an account of the violence that had been offered to him at which the Cardinal was highly incensed The Court sides with the Archbishop and the Parliament of Burdeaux also who draw up an information against the Duke The Duke likewise sent to the King informations of what had passed whereupon the King sent Order to the Archbishop to take away the interdiction and to the Duke to depart out of his Government and retire to his house of Plassac which is out of the Diocess of Burdeaux to expect the Pope's resolution to whom the decision of that Controversie belonged seeing they had appealed to him which hung in suspence about five or six months After the Dukes retirement to Plassac the Archbishop of Burdeaux goes to Paris who being arrived in Court all the Prelates who were then in Paris assembled after an usual manner to deliberate among themselves what was best to be done in the Archbishops behalf Which convocation the Duke having notice of he sent to them his absolute submission to the Church The Duke de la Valette who was returned back to Court demanded Audience in the Assembly in the name of the Duke his Father Which being granted he there laid down such reasons before them that of five and twenty Prelates which were there present thirteen were of opinion to take upon
them the quality of Judges under the good pleasure of the Pope and the King the Duke having absolutely submitted himself to their determination But this resolution was not for the gust of the Court. They assembled then again at the Palace of the Archbishop of Burdeaux and from thence sent a Deputation to the King wherein the Archbishop of Arles was to speak for the rest The Bishop in his Oration used all the odious terms he could invent to possess the King with the highest sense of the Duke's misdemeanour Upon which occasion Caspian Bishop of Nantes one of the most vertuous Prelates of his time cried out That if it were possible for the Devil to submit himself to God Almighty to such a degree as the Duke did he would infallibly obtain pardon for all his offences and that notwithstanding the Church deny'd this pardon to a Christian who had ever served God and his Church Upon the Complaints of the Clergy prefer'd to the King by the mouth of the Archbishop of Arles the Cardinal who was present at the Council was of opinion That upon the Duke 's single confession contained in his answer he ought to be reputed Excommunicat◠and as so that the King ought to declare him lapsed from all his Offices and Dignities till by vertue of his Absolution he should be re-united to the Church The Duke now sends his Secretary from Plassac to Rome to procure his Absolution But so many rubs from France were laid in his way that four whole months were laps'd before the Duke could receive his Absolution The Duke's Absolution being resolved on and order given to the Archbishop to give it him and the day for Absolution being appointed the Duke of Espernon attended by the Duke de la Valette and several persons of quality went to Coutras whither being come the Archbishop who was already there accompanied with his Ecclesiasticks went first to the Church where the Duke following after and presenting himself before him kneeled down upon a Velvet Cushion laid ready for that purpose In this posture and in the presence of five Counsellours of the Parliament of Burdeaux who were by the King's order to be assisting at this Ceremony the Archbishop pronounced his Absolution in these words Et Ego Authoritate Ecclesiae eâ quâ fungor absolvo te à vinculo Excommunicationis quam incurristi quia immunitatem Ecclesiae meae Metropolitanae perfregisti manum armatam militum ut me currumque meum in via sisterent misisti Statione dispositâ Palatium nostrum vallasti Jurisdictionem Ecclesiasticam violasti eamque tibi arrogasti Nos Clerumque nostrum insignibus indignis contumeliis affecisti In nomine Patris Filii c. Though the Duke was no great Latinist he had nevertheless so much as to understand many words of this Absolution by which he observed they were not according to the ordinary stile of the Church The Duke after his return received by an express Currier from Court his Majesties orders to return into Guienne to his former Government And it happened well not to the Duke alone but as much also to the Province and to the whole Kingdom that the Duke was at this time restored to his Command Soon after a great Sedition was raised in Burdeaux by reason of the Excise upon Victuallers The Duke opposeth the Seditious forceth divers Barricado's wherein divers of his men are slain and wounded and beateth down their Barricado's and reduceth the City to its obedience to the King The whole Province of Guien except Montauban brake out into open Arms committing every-where all the barbarous Acts of an inhumane fury The Duke sends his orders into all parts of the Province which a little quiets them The commotions of the City were no sooner appeased but that madness diffused it self into the Villages of the adjacent Country The Boors in great numbers got into the Suburb of Burdeaux called S. Surin to which place the Duke's house was near enough for him to hear their Clamours and from his Chamber-window that looked into the fields to see the fires they had kindled in several houses of which the greatest part were miserably consumed The Duke being under great indisposition got out of his bed mounted to horse by night and with forty or fi ty Gentlemen his Guards and some of the Town-Companies went out toward these Mutineers They had fortified themselves in several places of the Suburb had Barricado'd the Church and made a shew of defending themselves But at the Duke's arrival they almost all disbanded and ran away none save those in the Church making any resistance who also at the first Volley discharged upon them fled after their fellows forty or fifty of them were slain by the Cavalry pursuing them at whose death the Duke was greatly afflicted The report of this execution dispersing it self in a moment throughout the whole Province caused a calm every-where Now the Cardinal de la Valette Son to the Duke of Espernon was sent at the head of a great Army into Germany the Command whereof was equally divided between him and Duke Weimar The Duke of Espernon was dissatisfied that the Cardinal de la Valette advanced into the Church by his Learning Birth and Fortune to so eminent a degree of dignity and reputation that should wholly have applied himself to her service that he should hazard his life in so dangerous a profession He ever apprehended it would be fatal to him and therefore had done all he could to disswade him from it employing also the endeavours of several his most intimate friends and servants but all in vain Either the humour of the time the inclination of his Son the necessity of his destiny or all together still prevailing with him above the fears or foresight of so affectionate a Father In the mean time the Duke of Rohan was faln from Lorrain into Alsatia where he took Ruffach by storm Then Commissary Bullion had private directions to go along with Monsieur de Lande Ambassadour and Governour of the French Forces which were in Rhetia to the enterprize of the Valtoline The French Forces marched toward the Mountain Spluga and came to Chiavena advanced to Riva and passing over Sassocorbe which is a Rock between the Mountain and the Lake by which way they are to pass who will go from thence by Land into the Valley which is a very strait passage they came to Traon not meeting with any hindrance For the State of Milan wanting necessary Forces for maintaining it self was rather thinking upon self defence than how to set upon another And because the French mens design was to shut up all passages into that State in such sort as it should be impossible for the Emperour to send them any succour by the way of Tyrol the Duke of Rohan came thither on April 24. with two Regiments of Switzers and five Companies of Horse and made himself Master of the rest of the Valley But after Rohan
upon Assumption-day at the Altar in the Morning and that in the Evening a general Procession should be made wherein the Provost of Paris and all the Soveraign Companies should be assistant with the Court of Parliament This Command extended to all other Archbishops and Bishops throughout France that they should in every Cathedral Church erect one special Altar to the Virgin Mary for this end and in commemoration of this Act to pepetuity One Instance more I shall add of his Zeal to the Romish Religion When the Old Marshal de la Force a Protestant was admitted to see him a little before he expired he told him on his death-bed That he thought God Almighty suffer'd him meaning the Marshâ—â— to live so long upon Earth expecting his Conversion as he had done that of Lesdiguiers He put out sundry Proclamations against Swearers against Pride in apparel as also against Duels and the last was so strict That both the appellant and defendent whosoever did survive should suffer death without mercy and be deprived of Christian burial but both rot upon the Gallows with their heels upwards Here I shall put down a List of divers Books that were Printed in France for sundry years past Francisci Garciae Evangelicus concionator Printed at Lions Anno 1622. Petri Damiani Cardinalis opera Printed at Lions 1623. Bibliothica Veterum Patrum Graecorum Printed at Paris 1624. Deus Natura Gratia by Saint Clara Printed at Lions 1625. Puteani Commentaria in summam D. Thomae Printed at Tholouse 1627. Biblia Septuaginta cum Graeco Testamento Graec. Lat. in three Volumes Printed at Paris 1628. Biblia Vulgata Printed 1628. Bibliotheca Ordinis Praemonstratensis per Job le Praige Printed at Paris 1633. Ludov. Dolae de Concursibus Dei creatura Printed at Lions 1634. Concilia Generalia Graec. Lat. ten Volumes Printed at Paris Franc. Lanovii Chronicon generale ordinis Minimorum Printed at Paris 1635. Didacus Baeza de Christo figurato in Vet. Testam Printed at Lions 1636. Francis Hallier de sacris electionibus ordinationibus at Paris 1636. Historia Ecclesiae Gallicanae at Paris 1636. Franc. Bouquet de Pontificibus Romanis è Gallia oriundis Jacobi Sirmondi propemptrion contra Eucharist Cl. Salmasii Jac. Sirmundi opuscula Dogmatum veterum Scirptorum Andrew de Saussay Martyrologium Gallicanum at Paris 1637. Mart. Bonacinnae opera omnia Printed at Paris 1638. Jacobi Saliani Annales Ecclesiastici Steph. Fagundez in Decalog at Lions 1640. Theses Theologicae Protest Academiae Salmuriensis at Saulmur 1641. Hâ—ttingeri Historia Ecclesiastica five Volumes compleat Hottingeri Analecta Historico-Theologica Octavo Afterwards Anno 1646. there was published Annalium Ecclesiasticorum Epitome at Roven Novissima Galliae Concilia à Tempore Concilii Tridentini ad Annum 1646 at Paris Lewes XIV the present French King succeeded his Father in the Kingdom being about five years old Mazarine casting with himself what is hutful and profitable past this sentence upon the Clergy These are his words counselling the Queen Regent The Sacred Order for these many years hath had but a thin harvest of excellent Persons however it come to pass Men follow after nice Questions live idly do not embrace serious Studies All is done with pomp nay if any Sermons be to be made and the very venerable sacrifice offered Of their Office they lay claim to nothing but their Rents the duty of Preaching which is the principal dignity of a Bishop they quit to any one though never so insufficient They think themselves Bishop enough if they can but ride in fine Coaches with their Arms set on out-vie one another in rich Liveries and Lacquies and punish with rigour those that transgress in the least matters Perpetual haunters of Ladies Couches not without undervaluing the Pastoral staff This is for the most part for there are some that lead holy and unreprovable lives He that shall take offence will own himself not to be one of these but those other So much power hath Religion over the minds of men that as often as among men in holy Orders any eminent vertue hath got up and overcome the common attainments and the vices of mankind it is adored like a Deity At that time that company was of no weight nor moment in France said Mazarine There was Francis Paul Gondy by extraction a Florentine but born in France Abbot of Rhetz afterwards Coadjutor to the Bishop of Paris Archbishop of Corinth one that if occasion had offered would have aspired high as Cardinal Mazarine confessed he was perswaded Over and above an honourable Family he had eloquence and learning with promptness of spirit All was now prosperous and quiet in France whose power reached over Almania from the Mazelin Brink beyond the Rhine By the Victory at Norlingue the parts confining on the Danube were afterwards invaded and terror struck on all sides In Spain by seizing Tortosa and Flix the French got to the River Iber. Their Fleets ranged over the Mediterranean and Ocean All Italy from the Pope who then was Vrban VIII to the least Princes bore reverence The Dukes of Savoy Mantua and Modena then rather Instruments of French slavery than free Princes The Kings of Sweden and Denmark boasted of their friendship the Pole sued for it The Electors of Germany sought to interest themselves in their favour Portugal rent from Spain depended on the looks of France whose Yoak Catalonia had put on being weary of the Spanish Dominion The Low Countries stuck close to them All Europe with astonishment stood gazing at such a state of the French affairs nothing was then wanting to compleat their happiness besides moderation and the art enjoying it Paul Gondy designed Archbishop of Paris is consecrated of Corinth it is the Bishop of Rome's practice that so the whole world may be thought depending on the Vatican Oracle to exercise his authority even upon the dissenting parts That day was first occasion of much ensuing mischief Ferraro Pallavicini a Canon Regular a Parmesan of a Noble house sharply inveighing in libellous Pamphlets against the practices of the Roman Court lost his Head at Agivnon in France and gave instance how unsafe a thing it is to touch upon the Roman State in writing though never so truly The Divisions of Italy being closed up Pope Vrban VIII died July 29. 1644. after he had sate twenty one years and some months Then Gio Battista Pamphilio a Noble Roman was Proclaimed Pope after the See had been vacant 45. daies He assumed the name of Innocent the Tenth The Hist of Cardinals part 3. lib. 2. This Election was not at all displeasing to the French though they were not a little displeased at Cardinal Antonio who for his own private Interest had by his reiterated instances perswaded that Crown to the exclusion of Pamphilio and afterwards consented to it contrary to the King's order and without expecting the return of the Currier which was dispatched to that Court that they might consult upon the
Arms to suppress the King's Authority that of their Court with the publick liberty And to that effect had caused the City of Paris to be invested and the King to be conveyed from thence at two of the clock in the morning Upon the news of these combustions in Paris at Rome Monsieur Mazarine wrote to his Son the Cardinal telling him of his faults and giving his Fatherly advice The Court now between Paris and Roven the two most powerful Cities of the Kingdom was distressed with the want of all things especially of money the Aids coming in but slowly from all parts The City Militia grew every day more unwilling to submit to Orders and all people were full of murmuring complaints Thereupon the Archbishop of Corinth gets up into the Pulpit at St. Pauls and saith I would have had you in safety I would have had you Victorious and the goodness of the cause had acquitted you unless your repentance and tameness did plead guilty Then having inveighed much against the Government and Mazarine he cometh down out of the Pulpit and having put off his Mitre and Surplice he putteth on his Armour Often he sallied out of the Town to charge the Enemy without any regard to his Function Great uproars and tumults followed but at St. Germans the principal Lords of the King's Council did earnestly treat of Peace with the Parliaments Commissioners Mazarine being excluded as already pre-condemned by publick Acts some Courtiers driving that way that they might engross to themselves the honour of having procured the quiet of the State The Queen opposed it strongly and at length when he was taken in March 11. 1649. the Articles were agreed to the great joy of the Common people That an Act of Oblivion for past miscarriages be made That all things be restored to their former estate That the King be brought home again to Paris Taxes to be diminished A Treaty of Peace with the Spaniard consented to and some Worshipful Member of the House for Age and Experience be joyned in the transaction to see it concluded upon good and firm terms The Sedition at Paris was scarce quiet but the Faction works in new Plots There is a Rising in Provence and especially in Guienne against their Governours which Conde underhand abetteth Conde Conti and Longueville are imprisoned Thrice they alter their Prison in thirteen months Various transactions passed in the mean time in Normandy Burgundy and Guienne Great contests there were either about releasing or detaining the Prisoners The Cardinal and the Slingers fell at odds so as to betray one another and treat with the Prisoners about Marriages and in a manner sharing the whole Kingdom At length a Peace is concluded and published on August 2. 1650. and all things are setled in Guienne The King enters the City of Bourdeaux with a Guard of four thousand choice men The Cardinal had Lodgings with the King in the Archbishop's Palace Espernon the cause of the Insurrection was excluded who might by his single vertue purchase a Government The Life-Guards were dismissed and the King trusted himself to the Guard of his Subjects Which took much with their Ambitious temper The Court parted from thence The King stayed at Fountainbleau all being in an uproar in Paris at his success in Guienne the Faction were enraged On November 15. 1650. Conde Conti and Longueville were conveyed in eleven daies journey through the midst of Normandy to Havre de Grace where they were kept in close custody Harcourt secured the conveyance with four hundred Horse and the like number of Foot On February 6. 1651. in a dark night the Cardinal Incognito in a disguised habit guarded by about 200. Horse riding himself on horseback retired to St. Germans Harcourt beating the way He pursues his journey through the midst of Normandy to Havre de Grace with a pompous train gazed at by all the people as he passed along Mazarine having disposed his Cavalry into the neighbouring Villages enters into Havre de Grace with his retinue of menial servants He goes into the Castle alone with only two others he delivers the Queens Letters to the Governour for the releasing of the Princes which was done accordingly Longueville went out first then Conti and both of them leaped into Grammont's Coach Conde staid a little while after with the Cardinal in the Prison Chamber where they had Conference together The enlarged Princes return to Paris where the Souldiery at the sight of Conde weep for joy Great was the concourse of the City and so great was the joy as though the Pillars were restored to the Kingdom Mazarine withdraws from France and comes in safety to Brovel the Palace of the Elector of Cologn Thence he writes to the Queen and the Count de Brienne his Majestie 's Secretary This Letter being read with an audible voice in the Privy Council brought some to relent but exasperated more Mazarine is Voted in a full house guilty of High Treason the disturber of the publick peace and enemy of France Strict prohibitions are made that no French man should hold correspendence with him imposing a severe penalty on all that should presume to transgress Mazarine was in ill condition against whose return were strict Ordinances to which the Queen Regent gave her assent nay by Act of Parliament not only foreign but home-born Cardinals and Ecclesiasticks in what degree soever dignified are rendred uncapable of being admitted Members of the King's Council No man can pay a divided Allegiance to his natural Sovereign and the Bishop of Rome For Cardinals if the account be rightly cast up are but Curates in Purple They should attend the Consistories and over-see their Flock the charge whereof cannot be neglected without the hazard of souls Corinth drew against the Bill that only foreigners should be excluded from the Government lest his expected Hat not being lined with that Ministry to which he aspired might be depressed by his meaner contemplations Obusson Archbishop of Yverdon in behalf of the Clergy made an eloquent Oration for the priviledges of the Church but without success Yet the reputation of Obusson grew by this means higher and paved him a path to future preferments The main scope of his Oration lay in amplifying the obligations that Cardinals had laid upon France whose good services were conspicuous all over the World The Parliament answered that the same Cardinals were insatiable in Ambition and Covetousness This said they is incident to Ecclesiastical dignities a slighting of heavenly matters and an affectation of domineering on earth and eminency over great Princes in all which they write after the Copy and come as near as they can to the Roman Court overcoming all the world in pride They added that they turn the greatness they have received against their very benefactors and aim at nothing less by their Canonists and Emissaries than the total suppression of the Secular power That if their immoderate advance proceed the Authority of Church-men will become
therefore that very night to Court But being heard by no body but Monsieur Lyon he declared the sentiments of the Pope the order he had taken for the punishment of the offendours the demonstrations of kindness the Pope had made to the Ambassadour endeavouring with all the Art of Rhetorick to clear the business and by contrary Relations to what came before to let him understand he could not receive a relegation The next morning the Nuntio retired to St. Germans and stirred not out of the Castle that he might not seem to disobey the Orders of the King Monsieur Tellier came to speak with him by his Majesties permission But being stiff and inflexible to thâ—â—â—quests of the Nuntio who by all his submissions by laying before him the reflection the ill usage of his person would have upon me Church not being able to prevail for the protraction of his departure as soon as he was returned to his house he wrote this Letter to him Most excellent Sir I Can by no means admit that the Kings relegation of me is a favour If it be said that 't is in order to my security how great a reflection will it have upon the Grandeur of his Majesty when it is reported that an innocent person and his Holiness Nuntio could not be safe in Paris Let it be Lawful therefore for me with all due reverence and submission to say that indeed it is at the Kings pleasure to retain or command me whither he pleaseth But it is not in my power to consent without particular Commission from his Holiness or at least an apparent neccessity for me to do it His Majesty cannot ascribe it to any want of profound obedience in me which for my part I shall alwaies shew with the greatest demonstration of humility and service I am able and therefore I conceive he cannot in justice impose any penalty upon a Nuntio for so contingent an accident especially his Holiness having already declared his resolution to chastise the offendours and begun to execute that resolution I hope your excellence will have so much compassion as in this case to endeavour the protection of Yours The Nuntio persisted that there ought to be an apparent and precise necessity for his departure and accordingly he received letters from Monsieur de Lions with reiterated orders from his Majesty for his removal to Meaux so that all the Intercesision of foreign Ministers who endeavoured to mitigate the business being in vain by their advice he went out of Paris but went instead of Meaux to Saint Dennis that he might not seem to consent to his dismission and by the mediation of the Ministers about the King and the interposition of foreign representatives he obtain'd that his resolution was allowed at Court without further irritation to his Majesty On September 7. the Nuntio found himself beset by a party of forty Souldiers on horse-back drawn by order out of his Majestie 's Musquetoons who guarded all the passages into the Covent of the Dominicans where he Lodged and accompanied the Nuntio and all his servants whenever they went forth He complained to the Court of this Action 〈◊〉 he was answered that they knew nothing of it The Nuntio dissembling the business pretended to take no notice of it but gave Order that the Souldiers as strangers should be invited to dinner and to what civilities the House could afford But they refused the invitation with reciprocal civility The same night there arrived a Courrier to the Nuntio from Rome with the Popes first Breve written to the King with more distinct information of what was part against the Delinquents thereby the Popes Orders as the price that was set upon their Heads the deputation of two Congregations the visit Cardinal Chigi made to the Duke of Crequi and a long Letter of narration to Monsieur de Lion The next morning the Nuntio dispatched it to Monsieur Lion with a Billet of his own desiring him to present this Breve to his Majesty to give him an account of the rest and to prevail that the Nuntio might be admitted to speak with him himself Monsieur de Lion receiving the Billet carried both the one and the other to his Majesty expecting what he would command After he had read the Breve to his Majesty he return'd him this answer That he should read the rest of the dispatch that day to the King And accordingly he appointed a Conference with the Nuntio at Turenne whither the Nuntio passed the same night attended with forty Musquetiers The Conference was long the Nuntio laying before him what upon the foundation of truth reason and the paternal inclination of his Holiness was like to appease his Majesty The Sieur de Lion assured the Nuntio that the King at the reading of the Breve expressed much satisfaction to see his Holiness so well disposed to an Accommodation and at last it was concluded that on Sunday 10. of December he should have an answer The Nuntio had intelligence that the Breve being read in Council they began to be appeased But at the same time a Gentleman arriving from the Duke of Crequi with advice that he was Commanded out of the Popes Territories incensed his Majesty so much That as soon as he was gone out of the Council Orders were dispatched immediately to the Nuntio to depart that Kingdom the next day And albeit he sent another Breve from the Pope and an answer to de Lion from himself there was no further Treaty to be had The Letters from the Nuntio to Lion and Teller were not opened at all The Nuntio departed under the Conduct of fifty Musquetiers on Horse-back twenty five before his Coach and as many behind not suffering him to discourse with any body forcing him to march ten Leagues a day and carrying him every night out of the Road without acquainting him which way he was to pass In ten daies time he arrived in Savoy and stayed there for some time in the Chambery till he could receive further Order from his Holiness to whom he had given particular advice of all that had passed The King of France took into his power Avignon a City of the Popes in France threatens to use extremity and prepares an Army against Italy After divers Treaties it was concluded at Pisa That for the appeasing the Kings wrath the Corsi be perpetually banished from Rome That a Pyramid be built for an everlasting Monument of the Action And that a Legate à Latere be sent also to the King in submissive terms to give satisfaction for the hainousness of the fact Which was decently performed by Cardinal Chigi the Popes Nephew At the time that accident happened to the Duke of Crequi in Rome among all the Cardinals there was none that stuck so zealously to the French party as the Cardinal de Retz to the admiration of every body that a person that had been turn'd out of his Church and other Benefices had been imprisoned persecuted
Penance Extream Unction Order and Matrimony and that they do confer grace and of these that Baptism Confirmation and Order cannot be reiterated without sacriledge And I receive and admit the received and approved rites of the Catholick Church in the solemn administration of all the foresaid Sacraments I embrace and receive all and every thing which have been defined and declared in the holy Council of Trent concerning Original sin and Justification Likewise I profess that there is offered up unto God in the Mass a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for quick and dead and that in the most holy Sacrament of the Eucharist there is truly really and substantially the body and blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a conversion of the whole substance of the Bread into the Body and of the whole substance of the Wine into the Blood Which conversion the Catholick Church calleth Transubstantiation I confess also that under one kind only whole Christ and the true Sacrament is received I constantly hold that there is a Purgatory and that the souls detained there are helped by the suffrages of the faithful Likewise that the Saints reigning together with Christ are to be Worshipped and called upon and that they do offer up prayers to God for us And I assert that their Relicks are to be Worshipped That the Images of Christ and the Mother of God alwayes a Virgin and also of other Saints are to be had and retained and that due honour and veneration is to be given to them And I affirm that the power of Indulgences was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very comfortable to Christian people I acknowledge that the holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church is the Mother and Mistress of all Churches And I freely promise and swear true obedience to the Roman Bishop the Successour of the blessed Peter the Prince of the Apostles the Successour of Jesus Christ And I undoubtedly receive and profess all other things delivered by the Sacred Canonical and Oecumenical Councils and especially the holy Council of Trent Moreover I condemn reject and anathematize all contrary things and heresies whatsoever condemned rejected and anathematized by the Church And this Catholick faith without which no man can be saved which I freely profess and truly hold for the present the same I will retain and profess constantly unto the end of my life by the help of God c. And this I promise vow and swear so help me God and his holy Gospels 3. The third Decree was concerning Divine Worship in general 4. Concerning the Sacraments As for the Sacrament of Confirmation it was to be done frequently and Gratis by the Bishops through the Towns in their Diocesses 5. Concerning Bishops where diverse qualifications are pre-requisite before any one be admitted to the Office of a Bishop 6. Concerning the Offices of Bishops 7. Concerning the Offices of Curates and other Presbyters and Parish-Priests 8. Concerning Monasteries wherein divers Instructions and Rules are prescribed to the Abbots and Priors for the better governing themselves and their Monasteries 9. Concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdicton There were also divers Statutes made in the same Provincial Synod concerning the foundation of Schools and Seminaries The Decrees of the Provincial Council of Rhemes Anno 1583. 1. COncerning the Catholick faith and the reason of professing the same 2. A Form of Confession is set down 3. Concerning Divine Worship 4. Concerning the Breviary Missal and Manual 5. Concerning Festival Dayes 6. Concerning Divination by lots and other things contrary to Christian piety 7. Concerning the Sacraments 1. Of Confirmation 2. Of Penance 3. Of the Eucharist 4. Of Order 5. Of Matrimony Whereunto is added the Decree of the Council of Trent concerning the reformation of Matrimony ex Sess 24. 6. Of Extream Unction 8. Concerning Seminaries 9. Of the Clergy in general 10. Of Regulars and their Monasteries 11. Of Curates 12. Of Chapters and Canons 13. Concerning Bishops 14. Concerning Simoniacks and Fiduciaries 15. Concerning Burials 16. Concerning Usury 17. Concerning Jurisdiction 18. Concerning a Visitation 19. Concerning a Diocesan Synod 20. Of a Provincial Synod The Decrees of the Provincial Council of Bourdeaux together with the Laws of the Seminaries Anno 1583. all approved by the Pope 1. COncerning a Confession of Faith 2. Of those things which have respect to Divine Worship and Religion 3. Of Ecclesiastical Prayers 4. Of the Breviary Missal and other Books pertaining to Divine Offices 5. Of those things which either are to be observed or to be taken heed of in the holy Sacrifice of the Mass as they call it and in Divine Offices 6. Of Festival-dayes 7. Of Magick Arts and other things contrary to Christian Religion 8. Of the Sacrament 9. Of Baptism 10. Of Confirmation 11. Of the Eucharist 12. Of Penance 13. Of Extream Unction 14. Of Order 15. Of Matrimony 16. Of Bishops 17. Of Chapters and the Canons of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches 18. Of Parish-Priests 19. Of the Residency of Pastors 20. Of preaching the Word of God 21. Of the life and manners of Clergy-men 22. Of the Examination of those that are to be promoted to benefices with cure 23. Of Simoniacks and Confidentiaries 24. Of Monasteries 25. Of Seminaries 26. Of the not alienating the things of the Church 27. Of Schools Printers and Book-sellers 28. Of Hospitals 29. Of Usuries and unlawful Contracts 30. Of Burials 31. Of Jurisdiction 32. Of a Visitation 33. Of a Diocesan Synod 34. Of a Provincial Council 35. Of Punishments Of the Institution and Laws of the Seminaries of the Province of Bourdeaux 1. OF the Houses of a Seminary That they be built in a large and spacious place near unto the Cathedral Church That there be a Chappel wherein the Clergy may meet at prayers That the dormitory be open and common in which every one may have his own bed c. That an Hospital be appointed in an open place for sick folks in which all things may be provided for the sick with singular piety and charity 2. Of the manner of admitting Clerks into Seminaries The election and admission of Clerks shall be in the power of the Bishop or of those to whom this care shall be committed by name That out of all youths very fit youths may be chosen the Bishop shall cause it to be proclaimed through all the Cities and Towns of the Diocess especially where there are Schools that if any be poor and born of lawful Matrimony who desire to be promoted to the Priesthood and who have attained to the age of twelve years and have not exceeded the twentieth and have made some progress in the Grammar that they appear to be examined at the time and place which he shall appoint them The Bishop shall not admit any to be examined whom he shall behold to be maimed or deformed Then shall he enquire diligently concerning the condition estate
manners and religion of the Parents And he shall try what progress the youths have made in learning he shall also have regard to their wit vertue and disposition either to good or evil And whom by manifest conjectures he shall judge to be unfit for learning piety and the Priesthood he shall by no means admit into the Seminary Before any one be admitted into the Seminary he is to be often admonished that he may not be educated and nourished in the Seminary if he propound to himself any other kind of life than an Ecclesiastical life Therefore let him by oath vow and holily promise that he will never depart to any other course of life but will alwayes faithfully serve the Church of Christ in that degree and order which shall be assigned to him by the Bishop He shall also promise to obey the Governour of the Seminary and his Substitutes in all things and that he will observe all the Laws and Statutes of the Seminary which shall be read unto him c. Let none be received till he be instructed concerning his Bed Gown Cap Wastecoat and other Garments Surplice and Breviary 3. Of the President and Overseers of a Seminary None are to be admitted into any Office in a Seminary unless he be first diligently examined and tryed by the Bishop Great care shall be taken that the Governours of a Seminary be men grave prudent and adorned with all kind of vertue who by their example and exhortations may provoke those that are under their charge to the study of Piety and Vertue Let all first put the confession of their faith according to the form expressed in the Provincial Council in the hands of the Bishop In the Seminary there shall be one President of venerable gravity and a Priest of singular piety whom all in the Seminary shall obey as well in Spirituals as Temporals And to the President two other Priests shall be joyned whereof one shall be an Overseer of all businesses of the Seminary the other shall have the care of the houshold affairs and shall be called the Under-Master of the Seminary In the Seminary shall be so many servants as the Bishop or those delegated by him shall think fit The Governours of the Seminary shall diligently require of their Scholars a repetition of the Lecture and direct them in their manners and behaviour And one of them shall teach the Clerks an Ecclesiastical Song Let the President be daily in the Seminary and with his presence and care contain all in their duty and to the Bishop let him often give an account of the whole Seminary Let the President have a Book in which he may set down the names sirnames condition the day and year of the reception of all those who shall be admitted into the Seminary and whatsoever houshold-stuff every one shall bring 4. Of the Oeconomy or Houshold-Government of the Seminary A skilful Procurator shall be set over the house in temporal matters who shall take care of affairs at home and abroad he shall gather in time all the yearly rents and profits of the Seminary and the moneys collected he shall straightway deliver to the President to be kept in a chest And he shall have a Book in which he shall diligently and faithfully set down whatsoever profits and moneys he shall receive and of whom and for what cause and shall note the day the month and the year He shall give an account to the President of what he receiveth and expendeth every month and the President shall sign the book of accounts with his own hand and the same accounts shall the Bishop examine every third month c. He that shall buy in food and other things shall be one that is found to be a man faithful and conscientious who shall every day receive so much money as is necessary from the Procurator and every day give an account to the Procurator of what is received and expended and that particularly and by piece-meal The houshold-stuff and all the several Vessels and Instruments of the Seminary shall the Procurator set down in a Book and shall give an account of them to the Governour in the sixth month Moderate food frugal and not very delicate shall be described by the Bishop and his Delegates 5. Of the Discipline of the Seminary and first of Piety Let the Clerks be excited to Piety and Religion Let every one be raised up at four a clock in the morning then let them come together in one place and with bended knees apply themselves to Prayer for half an hour and they shall rehearse one going before others answering with a clear voice the hourly prayers of the blessed Virgin They who shall be initiated to sacred orders shall recite the Breviary in convenient time and with great attention Before nine a clock in the evening before they lye down to rest they shall all together rehearse the Litanies and by and by shall search and examine their consciences c. Every month shall every one confess his sins to the Priest and being prepared let them receive the holy Eucharist with great devotion unless their Confessor see cause to with-hold it from them Every holy day going out two by two out of the Seminary and putting on their Surplices let them come together to the greater Mass and Vespers of the Cathedral-church of the City in which the Seminary shall be and there let them stand and sit in places appointed for them and sing with the Quire and on those days they shall be present at the publick Sermon in the same Church or another place The President also shall diverse times in every month give brief exhortations to the Clergy concerning the dignity of Vertues and the filthiness of Vices with the remedies thereof concerning blessedness the pains of Hell concerning death the last judgement In the beginning of Dinner and Supper one of the Priests shall pray for a blessing and give thanks after Supper or Dinner all modestly answering the Priest going before them The Psalm de profundis c. is to be added and other Collects for the Founder and Benefactors In the time of Dinner and Supper let one read by suggestion some Chapter out of the holy Bible to which may be added the reading of some pious Book which they shall all diligently hear that whilst the body is refreshed with food the mind may never be idle Among other Writings of Pious and Learned men let them often read privately and publickly that famous Epistle of S. Hierom to Nepotian de Vita Clericorum that unto that Rule every one may endeavour to direct himself 6. Of obedience and other duties of the Clerks of the Seminary The Clerks of the Seminary are to be obedient to their Governours in all things Let none go out of the Colledge without leave and a companion joyned to him with whom let him also return back again into the Seminary Let none send or otherwise receive Letters unless by