except_v the_o possession_n of_o such_o as_o have_v oppose_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o lawful_a right_n as_o derive_v from_o the_o testament_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o thereby_o be_v make_v a_o pretence_n of_o legal_a forfeiture_n in_o all_o that_o resist_v he_o but_o this_o blow_n to_o so_o many_o estate_n and_o family_n be_v give_v at_o once_o and_o no_o more_o renew_v on_o the_o contrary_a justice_n be_v administer_v equal_o to_o the_o english_a man_n upon_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o norman_n who_o presume_v upon_o the_o king_n favour_n in_o prejudice_n of_o right_n and_o of_o those_o law_n he_o have_v confirm_v or_o establish_v whereof_o one_o memorable_a instance_n remain_v upon_o record_n even_o in_o those_o writer_n who_o be_v most_o severe_a upon_o the_o action_n and_o memory_n of_o this_o prince_n it_o be_v a_o action_n between_o warren_n a_o norman_a and_o sherburn_n a_o english_a man_n the_o first_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n have_v enter_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o who_o come_v into_o court_n and_o plead_v that_o he_o have_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n nor_o oppose_v his_o title_n or_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o have_v live_v always_o peaceable_o upon_o his_o own_o land_n and_o so_o be_v liable_a to_o no_o forfeiture_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o be_v further_o secure_v by_o the_o king_n declaration_n immediate_o after_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o which_o plea_n a_o just_a sentence_n be_v give_v in_o favour_n of_o sherburn_n his_o land_n restore_v and_o warren_n the_o norman_a cast_n and_o condemn_v to_o the_o cost_v of_o the_o suit_n he_o appoint_v justice_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o administer_v justice_n in_o every_o county_n pursuant_n to_o that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o saxon_a reign_n for_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o those_o of_o great_a moment_n between_o the_o subject_n he_o create_v judge_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o able_a he_o can_v find_v and_o ordain_v four_o term_n each_o year_n consist_v of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n wherein_o justice_n shall_v be_v due_o administer_v and_o all_o suit_v hear_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v and_o find_v most_o convenient_a beside_o these_o order_n he_o institute_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o exchequer_n the_o first_o for_o temper_v the_o rigour_n of_o law_n according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n and_o equity_n and_o the_o other_o for_o determine_v all_o action_n concern_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o punish_v exaction_n or_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o the_o officer_n who_o levy_v or_o receive_v they_o as_o well_o as_o default_n or_o delay_n in_o those_o from_o who_o it_o be_v due_a for_o tax_n or_o imposition_n unusual_a it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o he_o levy_v any_o except_v one_o of_o six_o shilling_n upon_o each_o plow-land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o well_o agree_v at_o what_o time_n or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n this_o be_v raise_v whether_o by_o consent_n of_o a_o general_a assembly_n or_o by_o his_o own_o regal_a authority_n by_o this_o indeed_o he_o impose_v danegelt_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n which_o happen_v once_o or_o twice_o in_o this_o reign_n though_o with_o little_a progress_n or_o success_n this_o tax_n be_v first_o raise_v by_o ethelreld_a upon_o the_o first_o enterprise_n of_o the_o dane_n upon_o england_n and_o afterward_o use_v by_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n upon_o the_o like_a danger_n sometime_o to_o repulse_v they_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n sometime_o to_o evade_v they_o by_o bargain_n and_o money_n wherewith_o they_o compound_v for_o the_o present_a danger_n but_o invite_v other_o to_o come_v by_o such_o mean_a defence_n this_o tax_n grow_v odious_a to_o the_o people_n whenever_o it_o be_v raise_v upon_o any_o other_o pretence_n than_o a_o danish_a invasion_n and_o though_o it_o be_v sometime_o levy_v yet_o very_o seldom_o and_o cautious_o by_o some_o few_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o but_o once_o or_o twice_o by_o this_o norman_a prince_n and_o then_o most_o probable_o upon_o the_o true_a natural_a occasion_n which_o have_v give_v it_o the_o first_o original_a thus_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o tax_n before_o mention_v and_o without_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o danish_a invasion_n by_o some_o writer_n who_o seem_v to_o take_v all_o occasion_n of_o defame_v the_o action_n and_o memory_n of_o this_o king_n and_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a excuse_n of_o any_o that_o be_v ill_o resent_v and_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o ill_a talon_n of_o the_o monkish_a writer_n who_o measure_v the_o virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o prince_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o favour_n or_o disaffection_n to_o the_o clergy_n who_o they_o account_v or_o style_v the_o church_n though_o this_o general_a appellation_n be_v know_v to_o comprehend_v not_o only_o such_o person_n as_o be_v ancient_o choose_v to_o administer_v the_o office_n of_o divine_a worship_n but_o also_o all_o believe_a christian_n that_o compose_v such_o assembly_n to_o who_o those_o office_n be_v administer_v of_o this_o the_o king_n seem_v to_o be_v sensible_a for_o though_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o know_a and_o great_a piety_n and_o so_o approve_v by_o the_o several_a pope_n during_o his_o reign_n yet_o he_o appear_v very_o little_a favourable_a if_o not_o something_o hard_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o perhaps_o something_o bold_a with_o their_o privilege_n so_o long_o enjoy_v under_o the_o devout_a saxon_a king_n for_o the_o rest_n he_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o usual_a revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o his_o great_a order_n and_o management_n as_o well_o as_o moderation_n in_o his_o constant_a expense_n gain_v much_o ease_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o his_o people_n the_o chief_a and_o ancient_a branch_n of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n consist_v of_o first_o the_o land_n of_o old_a reserve_v as_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o reckon_v as_o crown-land_n these_o at_o first_o yield_v only_o certain_a quantity_n of_o provision_n as_o beef_n sheep_n wheat_n hay_o oates_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v and_o the_o quantity_n of_o provision_n find_v necessary_a for_o the_o king_n household_n what_o overplus_n remain_v be_v compound_v for_o and_o pay_v in_o money_n according_a to_o rate_n usual_a and_o agree_v the_o next_o be_v a_o duty_n reserve_v ancient_o out_o of_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o at_o first_o be_v constant_o pay_v as_o a_o quitrent_n but_o be_v small_a come_v in_o time_n to_o be_v neglect_v by_o the_o king_n that_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o military_a attendance_n of_o the_o knight_n in_o their_o war_n and_o with_o levy_v sometime_o a_o great_a duty_n upon_o great_a or_o urgent_a occasion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v burdensome_a and_o odious_a till_o the_o proportion_n and_o occasion_n come_v to_o be_v ascertain_v those_o author_n who_o will_v make_v the_o conqueror_n to_o have_v break_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o introduce_v those_o of_o normandy_n pretend_v this_o duty_n of_o escuage_z with_o the_o tenor_n of_o knight_n service_n and_o baronage_n to_o have_v come_v over_o in_o this_o reign_n as_o well_o as_o the_o trial_n by_o juries_n but_o as_o enough_o have_v be_v say_v to_o clear_v the_o last_o so_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n that_o these_o with_o the_o other_o feudal_n law_n be_v all_o bring_v into_o europe_n by_o the_o ancient_a goth_n and_o by_o they_o settle_v in_o all_o the_o province_n which_o they_o conquer_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o frank_n in_o gaul_n and_o the_o norman_n in_o normandy_n where_o the_o use_n of_o their_o state_n or_o general_a assembly_n be_v likewise_o of_o the_o same_o original_a the_o last_o common_a branch_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n consist_v of_o forfeiture_n both_o of_o land_n and_o good_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o fine_n or_o some_o know_a mulctuary_n punishment_n upon_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v distinct_o prescribe_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n even_o for_o manslaughter_n and_o murder_n itself_o the_o rigour_n of_o those_o time_n not_o extend_v to_o blood_n except_o in_o those_o case_n where_o the_o common_a safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v concern_v by_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o king_n by_o all_o these_o order_n and_o institution_n and_o the_o clemency_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n wherewith_o they_o be_v administer_v the_o king_n how_o new_a soever_o his_o reign_n how_o dispute_v his_o title_n and_o how_o disagreeable_a his_o person_n by_o a_o
batavia_n the_o north-east_n part_n of_o scotland_n be_v by_o the_o native_n call_v cal_n dun_n which_o signify_v a_o hill_n of_o hazel_n with_o which_o it_o be_v cover_v from_o whence_o the_o roman_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o caledonia_n all_o which_o have_v last_v in_o their_o language_n to_o this_o day_n the_o britain_n be_v little_o know_v abroad_o before_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o their_o isle_n or_o the_o preparation_n and_o inquiry_n they_o make_v in_o order_n to_o that_o expedition_n their_o coast_n only_o opposite_a to_o gaul_n and_o belgium_n be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o thence_o who_o come_v thereby_o acquaint_v with_o they_o but_o little_a with_o the_o inland_n province_n and_o these_o be_v the_o man_n from_o who_o cesar_n draw_v his_o best_a intelligence_n concern_v the_o country_n he_o ntend_v to_o invade_v all_o that_o we_o find_v relate_v of_o they_o by_o any_o credible_a witness_n or_o authority_n before_o the_o roman_n enter_v be_v that_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v fill_v with_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n mighty_o abound_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n or_o beast_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a their_o house_n poor_o build_v and_o scatter_v all_o over_o the_o country_n without_o observance_n of_o order_n or_o distance_n by_o which_o village_n be_v compose_v but_o the_o britain_n be_v place_v as_o every_o man_n like_v and_o at_o small_a or_o great_a distance_n as_o they_o be_v invite_v by_o the_o fertility_n of_o soil_n or_o the_o convenience_n of_o wood_n or_o of_o water_n they_o live_v most_o upon_o milk_n or_o flesh_n which_o they_o get_v by_o hunt_v little_a upon_o corn_n which_o be_v not_o in_o much_o esteem_n or_o plenty_n among_o they_o what_o clothes_n they_o wear_v to_o cover_v any_o part_n of_o their_o body_n be_v usual_o of_o the_o skin_n of_o beast_n but_o much_o of_o their_o body_n as_o arm_n leg_n and_o thigh_n be_v leave_v naked_a and_o in_o many_o of_o they_o all_z what_o be_v naked_a be_v paint_v with_o blue_n this_o be_v universal_a among_o they_o whether_o esteem_v a_o adornment_n or_o of_o terror_n to_o their_o adversary_n or_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o all_o their_o neighbour_n that_o come_v among_o they_o as_o friend_n or_o as_o enemy_n their_o town_n be_v most_o upon_o their_o coast_n and_o found_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o havens_n and_o the_o recourse_n of_o stranger_n from_o the_o continent_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v or_o exchange_n ware_n with_o those_o of_o the_o island_n these_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o more_o civilise_v than_o those_o of_o the_o inland_n country_n by_o the_o commerce_n and_o frequentation_n of_o other_o nation_n especial_o the_o gaul_n who_o have_v long_o before_o be_v civilise_v by_o the_o roman_a colony_n the_o commodity_n export_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n be_v chief_o hide_n and_o tin_n which_o last_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o country_n and_o in_o much_o use_v abroad_o both_o in_o near_a and_o remote_a region_n where_o this_o island_n be_v chief_o know_v by_o the_o product_n of_o this_o commodity_n convey_v among_o they_o at_o so_o great_a distance_n and_o so_o much_o in_o request_n some_o silver_n they_o have_v but_o not_o in_o common_a use_n as_o have_v few_o mine_n and_o little_a knowledge_n how_o to_o improve_v they_o either_o in_o the_o digging_z or_o refine_v pearl_n they_o have_v too_o and_o frequent_o find_v among_o they_o but_o neither_o clear_a nor_o colour_v like_o those_o of_o the_o orient_a and_o therefore_o in_o low_a esteem_n among_o the_o roman_n but_o little_a iron_n and_o that_o use_v either_o for_o arm_n or_o for_o ring_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o money_n current_n among_o they_o the_o rest_n be_v of_o brass_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o abroad_o and_o employ_v only_o for_o this_o use._n their_o language_n custom_n and_o religion_n be_v general_o the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o the_o gaul_n before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n in_o that_o province_n which_o be_v much_o early_o than_o in_o britain_n this_o affinity_n make_v they_o frequent_o assist_v the_o gaul_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o their_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o give_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o caesar_n invade_v britain_n for_o revenge_n and_o safety_n as_o well_o as_o conquest_n and_o glory_n their_o government_n be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n of_o several_a small_a nation_n under_o several_a petty_a prince_n which_o seem_v the_o original_a government_n of_o the_o world_n and_o deduce_v from_o the_o natural_a force_n and_o right_o of_o paternal_a dominion_n such_o be_v the_o horde_n among_o the_o goth_n the_o clan_n in_o scotland_n and_o sept_n in_o ireland_n whether_o these_o small_a british_a principality_n descend_v by_o succession_n or_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o age_n wisdom_n or_o valour_n in_o the_o family_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o record_v but_o upon_o great_a or_o common_a danger_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o all_o their_o force_n be_v choose_v by_o common_a consent_n in_o general_a assembly_n as_o cesar_n relate_v of_o cassivelaunus_n against_o his_o invasion_n the_o same_o be_v do_v upon_o their_o revolt_v against_o the_o roman_a colony_n under_o caractacus_n and_o voadicea_n for_o among_o they_o women_z be_v admit_v to_o their_o principality_n and_o general_a command_n by_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n nobility_n of_o birth_n or_o eminence_n of_o other_o quality_n their_o force_n consist_v chief_o in_o their_o foot_n and_o yet_o they_o can_v draw_v great_a number_n of_o horse_n into_o the_o field_n upon_o great_a occasion_n they_o likewise_o use_v chariot_n in_o fight_n which_o with_o short_a scythes_n fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axletree_n give_v cruel_a wound_n great_a terror_n make_v fierce_a charge_n upon_o the_o rank_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v of_o much_o force_n to_o break_v or_o to_o disorder_n they_o their_o common_a arm_n be_v small_a shield_n but_o very_o large_a sword_n which_o express_v more_o desire_n of_o wound_v their_o enemy_n than_o defend_v themselves_o they_o be_v esteem_v a_o very_a brave_a and_o fierce_a people_n till_o their_o body_n come_v to_o be_v soften_v and_o their_o courage_n debase_v by_o the_o luxury_n as_o well_o as_o servitude_n which_o the_o roman_n introduce_v among_o they_o in_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o law_n they_o be_v whole_o govern_v by_o their_o druid_n as_o be_v the_o ancient_a gaul_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o learned_a of_o they_o out_o of_o britain_n esteem_v the_o nursery_n of_o the_o ancient_a druid_n so_o renown_v in_o story_n these_o be_v the_o only_a person_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o learning_n in_o these_o nation_n which_o be_v derive_v by_o long_a tradition_n among_o they_o consist_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n knowledge_n of_o the_o star_n and_o their_o course_n and_o thereby_o the_o presage_n of_o many_o event_n or_o at_o least_o season_n wherein_o the_o vulgar_a be_v chief_o concern_v the_o rest_n be_v their_o doctrine_n of_o religion_n form_n of_o divine_a worship_n and_o instruction_n in_o morality_n which_o consist_v in_o justice_n and_o fortitude_n their_o life_n be_v simple_a and_o innocent_a in_o wood_n cave_n and_o hollow_a tree_n their_o food_n of_o acorn_n berry_n or_o other_o mast_n their_o drink_n water_n which_o make_v they_o respect_v and_o admire_v not_o only_o for_o know_v more_o than_o other_o man_n but_o for_o despise_v what_o all_o other_o value_v and_o pursue_v and_o by_o their_o great_a virtue_n and_o temperance_n they_o be_v suffer_v patient_o to_o reprove_v and_o correct_v the_o vice_n and_o crime_n from_o which_o themselves_o be_v free_a all_o this_o together_o give_v they_o such_o authority_n and_o veneration_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o the_o priest_n but_o the_o judge_n too_o throughout_o the_o nation_n no_o law_n be_v institute_v by_o prince_n or_o common_a assembly_n without_o the_o proposal_n or_o approbation_n of_o the_o druid_n no_o person_n be_v punish_v by_o bond_n stroke_n or_o death_n without_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o the_o druid_n from_o a_o belief_n that_o man_n will_v never_o submit_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o liberty_n or_o their_o life_n unless_o they_o believe_v it_o be_v inflict_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o divine_a authority_n one_o custom_n there_o be_v among_o the_o britain_n which_o seem_v peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o story_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n either_o civil_a or_o barbarous_a which_o be_v a_o society_n of_o wife_n among_o certain_a number_n and_o by_o common_a consent_n every_o man_n marry_v a_o single_a woman_n who_o be_v always_o after_o and_o alone_o esteem_v his_o wife_n but_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o five_o or_o six_o ten_o or_o twelve_o or_o more_o either_o brother_n or_o friend_n as_o
from_o a_o mutual_a respect_n they_o have_v for_o one_o another_o force_n and_o disposition_n they_o be_v indeed_o not_o much_o unequal_a in_o number_n nor_o in_o the_o bravery_n and_o order_n of_o their_o troop_n both_o king_n be_v valiant_a and_o wise_a have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o arm_n enure_v to_o danger_n and_o much_o embroil_v at_o home_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o their_o reign_n they_o be_v now_o animate_v to_o a_o battle_n by_o their_o own_o courage_n as_o well_o as_o their_o soldier_n but_o yet_o both_o consider_v the_o event_n in_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o the_o consequence_n the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n may_v prove_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o the_o fortune_n of_o one_o day_n determine_v the_o fate_n of_o a_o kigdom_n and_o they_o know_v very_o well_o that_o whoever_o fight_v a_o battle_n with_o what_o number_n and_o force_n what_o provision_n and_o order_n or_o appearance_n soever_o of_o success_n yet_o at_o the_o best_a run_v a_o venture_n and_o leaf_n much_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o fortune_n from_o accident_n not_o to_o be_v foresee_v by_o any_o prudence_n or_o govern_v by_o any_o conduct_n or_o skill_n these_o reflection_n begin_v to_o dispose_v both_o king_n to_o the_o thought_n of_o end_v their_o quarrel_n by_o a_o peace_n rather_o than_o a_o battle_n and_o though_o both_o have_v the_o same_o inclination_n it_o each_o of_o they_o be_v unwilling_a first_o to_o discover_v it_o lest_o it_o may_v be_v interpret_v to_o proceed_v from_o apprehension_n of_o weakness_n or_o fear_n and_o thereby_o dishearten_v their_o own_o soldier_n or_o encourage_v their_o enemy_n the_o scotch_a at_o length_n begin_v the_o overture_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o king_n william_n with_o a_o show_n of_o indifference_n but_o with_o a_o conceal_a joy_n and_o the_o more_o reasonable_a as_o have_v the_o great_a stake_n the_o less_o to_o win_v and_o the_o more_o to_o lose_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o first_o parley_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o treaty_n and_o this_o after_o some_o debate_n by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v as_o between_o equal_a force_n so_o upon_o equal_a condition_n each_o king_n to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o ancient_a bound_n of_o their_o several_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o border_n be_v agree_v neither_o to_o invade_v one_o another_o dominion_n nor_o to_o assist_v the_o enemy_n or_o receive_v and_o protect_v the_o rebel_n of_o each_o other_o prisoner_n in_o the_o last_o or_o this_o war_n to_o be_v on_o both_o side_n release_v and_o subject_n who_o desire_v to_o return_v to_o be_v on_o both_o side_n restore_v to_o their_o country_n and_o possession_n edgar_z the_o principal_a or_o most_o appear_a cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v include_v and_o provide_v for_o in_o this_o treaty_n to_o return_v into_o england_n make_v his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n renounce_v any_o further_a claim_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o thereupon_o not_o only_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o possession_n with_o his_o friend_n and_o follower_n but_o to_o be_v provide_v of_o a_o large_a and_o honourable_a maintenance_n from_o the_o king_n during_o his_o life_n and_o thus_o this_o storm_n which_o threaten_v both_o kingdom_n with_o such_o fatal_a danger_n and_o long_o consequence_n be_v of_o a_o sudden_a blow_v over_o a_o general_n calm_v restore_v in_o the_o whole_a island_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o two_o king_n return_v to_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o peace_n to_o which_o they_o have_v both_o contribute_v by_o their_o equal_a temper_n and_o prudence_n as_o well_o as_o by_o their_o equal_a preparation_n for_o a_o war._n soon_o after_o the_o king_n return_n edgar_n repair_v into_o england_n where_o he_o be_v very_o favourable_o receive_v and_o all_o condition_n of_o the_o treaty_n perform_v and_o ever_o after_o observe_v with_o great_a faith_n and_o sincereness_n on_o both_o part_n he_o have_v his_o provision_n and_o revenue_n agree_v by_o the_o treaty_n fair_o establish_v but_o be_v desirous_a to_o go_v to_o the_o war_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a humour_n of_o idle_a or_o devout_a prince_n in_o that_o age_n he_o be_v furnish_v by_o the_o king_n with_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o prepare_v and_o maintain_v a_o noble_a equipage_n for_o that_o journey_n he_o there_o gain_v much_o honour_n and_o esteem_v after_o which_o return_v into_o england_n he_o pass_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o whole_a life_n in_o the_o ease_n and_o security_n of_o a_o large_a but_o private_a fortune_n and_o perhaps_o happy_a than_o he_o may_v have_v do_v in_o the_o contest_v and_o danger_n of_o ambition_n however_o they_o may_v have_v succeed_v a_o rare_a example_n of_o moderation_n in_o prince_n edgar_n and_o of_o magnanimity_n as_o well_o as_o justice_n and_o clemency_n in_o this_o king_n and_o very_o different_a from_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n who_o defame_v their_o reign_n by_o the_o death_n of_o innocent_a prince_n for_o have_v only_o be_v bear_v to_o just_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o any_o appear_a mean_n or_o attempt_v to_o pursue_v they_o or_o endanger_v the_o possessor_n thereby_o stain_v their_o memory_n with_o the_o blot_n both_o of_o cruelty_n and_o fear_n for_o as_o clemency_n be_v produce_v by_o magnanimity_n and_o fearlessness_n of_o danger_n so_o be_v cruelty_n by_o cowardice_n and_o fear_n and_o argue_v not_o only_o a_o depravedness_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o a_o meanness_n of_o courage_n and_o imbecility_n of_o mind_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v both_o hate_v by_o all_o that_o be_v within_o its_o reach_n and_o danger_n and_o despise_v by_o all_o that_o be_v without_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o return_n begin_v again_o to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o art_n of_o peace_n which_o consist_v chief_o in_o the_o prevent_n of_o future_a as_o those_o of_o war_n in_o the_o surmount_n of_o present_a danger_n and_o as_o nothing_o raise_v the_o power_n of_o a_o crown_n so_o much_o as_o weak_a and_o private_a conspiracy_n against_o it_o rash_o undertake_v by_o some_o few_o discontent_n unsupported_a by_o any_o general_a defection_n of_o the_o people_n faint_o pursue_v and_o end_v without_o success_n so_o this_o prince_n find_v his_o throne_n and_o authority_n more_o firm_o establish_v in_o all_o appearance_n by_o the_o happy_a issue_n of_o the_o two_o late_a war_n and_o the_o unfortunate_a event_n of_o his_o revolt_a noble_n and_o now_o esteem_v himself_o more_o at_o liberty_n from_o those_o regard_v of_o his_o english_a subject_n and_o their_o law_n which_o his_o unsettled_a state_n have_v make_v necessary_a upon_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v provoke_v by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a english_a nobles_n after_o their_o fealty_n swear_v to_o he_o he_o be_v persuade_v of_o the_o general_a disaffection_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o late_a insurrection_n will_v have_v be_v find_v much_o deep_o root_v and_o far_o spread_v if_o they_o have_v be_v attend_v with_o any_o success_n he_o think_v the_o english_a lord_n and_o bishop_n have_v too_o great_a dependence_n of_o their_o tenant_n and_o vassal_n upon_o they_o and_o have_v themselves_o too_o little_a upon_o the_o prince_n since_o they_o esteem_v themselves_o neither_o bind_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o war_n unless_o they_o please_v nor_o to_o furnish_v the_o expense_n unless_o by_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o their_o general_a assembly_n nor_o be_v he_o satisfy_v to_o have_v they_o judge_v of_o his_o necessity_n who_o he_o think_v likely_a to_o increase_v they_o or_o at_o least_o to_o desire_v they_o he_o believe_v the_o english_a in_o general_n will_v as_o long_o as_o they_o retain_v the_o saxon_a law_n and_o form_n of_o government_n ever_o be_v affect_v to_o the_o race_n of_o their_o saxon_a king_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o be_v think_v to_o have_v encourage_v the_o voyage_n of_o edgar_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n by_o so_o large_a supply_n of_o treasure_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o prince_n honour_n but_o from_o true_a intention_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n beside_o he_o find_v his_o treasure_n exhaust_v by_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o his_o two_o last_o expedition_n and_o the_o just_a reward_n he_o have_v promise_v both_o his_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v well_o and_o faithful_o serve_v in_o they_o though_o he_o have_v once_o or_o twice_o for_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o doubt_n levy_v the_o tax_n of_o dane-gelt_a upon_o the_o threat_n of_o a_o danish_a invasion_n and_o by_o a_o ancient_a prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n pretend_a or_o exercise_v upon_o that_o occasion_n yet_o he_o find_v it_o be_v not_o raise_v without_o great_a murmur_n and_o reluctancy_n of_o the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o noble_n who_o pretend_v to_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o pay_v no_o tax_n impose_v without_o the_o consent_n
he_o have_v lay_v in_o a_o advantageous_a pass_n he_o break_v they_o kill_v some_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n then_o he_o advance_v against_o the_o main_a body_n where_o the_o king_n command_v and_o by_o a_o unnatural_a chance_n he_o charge_v his_o old_a father_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o his_o lance_n he_o wound_v he_o in_o the_o arm_n and_o overthrow_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n call_v out_o upon_o his_o fall_n his_o son_n immediate_o know_v his_o voice_n and_o sting_v upon_o the_o sudden_a with_o the_o conscience_n of_o his_o crime_n and_o his_o duty_n he_o leap_v from_o his_o horse_n raise_v his_o father_n up_o from_o the_o ground_n fall_v down_o upon_o his_o knee_n beg_v pardon_n of_o his_o offence_n with_o offer_n upon_o it_o to_o return_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o obedience_n the_o king_n move_v by_o the_o same_o force_n of_o nature_n receive_v his_o submission_n forgive_v he_o and_o embrace_v he_o end_v a_o adventure_n in_o tear_n of_o joy_n which_o have_v begin_v in_o blood_n the_o army_n be_v as_o easy_o reconcile_v as_o their_o leader_n and_o all_o together_o march_v to_o roven_n where_o the_o king_n be_v receive_v with_o all_o demonstration_n of_o joy_n and_o the_o duke_n complipliment_v upon_o his_o happy_a reconcilement_n with_o his_o father_n nor_o be_v those_o the_o last_o in_o this_o crowd_n of_o rejoycers_n who_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a in_o promote_a the_o quarrel_n between_o they_o the_o king_n make_v no_o long_a stay_n in_o normandy_n dissemble_v the_o knowledge_n or_o resentment_n of_o what_o part_n the_o french_a king_n have_v play_v in_o this_o affair_n but_o after_o have_v reestablish_v the_o quiet_a and_o order_n of_o the_o province_n return_v with_o his_o whole_a force_n into_o england_n leave_v his_o son_n in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n trust_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o the_o loyalty_n of_o his_o subject_n there_o as_o if_o nothing_o have_v pass_v to_o give_v he_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o either_o a_o true_a strain_n of_o the_o noble_a and_o fearless_a nature_n of_o this_o prince_n who_o be_v rather_o make_v to_o surmount_v all_o danger_n he_o encounter_v by_o brave_a action_n and_o judicious_a council_n than_o either_o to_o invite_v or_o anticipate_v his_o misfortune_n by_o distrust_n and_o vain_a apprehension_n which_o be_v but_o the_o distraction_n of_o weak_a and_o timorous_a mind_n yet_o this_o sincereness_n and_o confidence_n of_o the_o king_n have_v not_o the_o return_v they_o deserve_v for_o duke_n robert_n have_v once_o taste_v the_o sovereign_a power_n can_v not_o long_o digest_v any_o dependence_n upon_o another_o will_n and_o lie_v still_o open_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o france_n upon_o his_o levity_n and_o ambition_n relapse_v the_o next_o year_n into_o his_o former_a distemper_n and_o assume_v again_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o normandy_n and_o as_o duke_n thereof_o in_o his_o own_o right_n which_o be_v again_o acknowledge_v and_o obey_v by_o the_o norman_n the_o king_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o second_o defection_n in_o his_o son_n and_o his_o subject_n fall_v into_o great_a passion_n and_o in_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v curse_v his_o son_n and_o the_o hour_n wherein_o he_o beget_v he_o but_o soon_o return_v to_o himself_o with_o his_o usual_a judgement_n and_o composure_n of_o mind_n give_v present_a order_n for_o prepare_v a_o much_o great_a army_n and_o navy_n than_o he_o have_v use_v in_o last_o year_n expedition_n and_o though_o both_o be_v shatter_v by_o great_a storm_n he_o meet_v with_o at_o sea_n yet_o upon_o his_o arrival_n in_o normandy_n either_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o force_n or_o the_o lightness_n of_o his_o son_n disposition_n or_o remorse_n of_o his_o duty_n prevail_v with_o duke_n robert_n to_o offer_v again_o his_o submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o king_n again_o receive_v they_o pardon_v both_o his_o son_n and_o his_o revolt_a subject_n but_o force_v now_o to_o more_o caution_n than_o he_o have_v use_v before_o after_o have_v settle_v once_o more_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o normandy_n and_o place_v the_o government_n in_o safe_a hand_n he_o take_v his_o son_n with_o he_o into_o england_n and_o employ_v he_o in_o the_o hard_a rough_a war_n of_o scotland_n against_o malcolm_n who_o upon_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o confidence_n of_o be_v long_o detain_v by_o the_o norman_a revolt_n and_o diversion_n of_o france_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o border_n with_o a_o army_n and_o ravage_v the_o northern_a province_n of_o england_n though_o duke_n robert_n gain_v no_o great_a honour_n by_o this_o expedition_n yet_o the_o king_n gain_v his_o end_n for_o the_o scotch_a dishearten_v by_o his_o unexpected_a return_n and_o more_o by_o his_o perfect_a reconcilement_n with_o his_o son_n return_v home_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o english_a army_n and_o renew_v the_o peace_n which_o last_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o two_o king_n life_n about_o the_o same_o time_n incense_v against_o the_o welsh_a for_o many_o inroad_n and_o spoil_n upon_o the_o frontier_n county_n he_o send_v a_o army_n against_o they_o subdue_v the_o plain_a and_o accessible_a part_n of_o their_o country_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o fast_o hold_v of_o their_o mountain_n force_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o grant_v upon_o homage_n do_v he_o by_o their_o prince_n and_o upon_o hostage_n give_v for_o performance_n of_o the_o other_o condition_n this_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a king_n seem_v now_o to_o have_v pass_v all_o the_o tempestuous_a season_n of_o his_o life_n and_o secure_a of_o repose_n for_o what_o remain_v which_o be_v necessary_a or_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o great_a decline_v of_o his_o age._n he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o his_o neighbour_n obey_v and_o honour_v by_o his_o subject_n fear_v by_o his_o enemy_n and_o the_o trouble_n of_o his_o family_n be_v whole_o appease_v so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o man_n to_o conjecture_v from_o what_o side_n any_o new_a storm_n shall_v arise_v but_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o cloud_n and_o the_o event_n of_o future_a thing_n hide_v in_o the_o dark_a from_o the_o eye_n of_o mortal_a men._n the_o wise_a council_n may_v be_v discompose_v by_o the_o small_a accident_n and_o the_o secure_a peace_n of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n may_v be_v disturb_v by_o the_o light_a passion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o deep_a design_n of_o those_o who_o govern_v they_o for_o though_o the_o wise_a reflection_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o private_a man_n be_v apt_a to_o ascribe_v the_o action_n and_o council_n of_o prince_n to_o interest_n or_o reason_n of_o state_n yet_o whoever_o can_v trace_v they_o to_o their_o true_a spring_n will_v be_v often_o force_v to_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o same_o passion_n and_o personal_a disposition_n which_o govern_v the_o affair_n of_o private_a life_n as_o will_v be_v evident_a in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n the_o norman_n be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o race_n reside_v among_o they_o the_o king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o venture_v again_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o his_o son_n robert_n ambition_n or_o inconstancy_n and_o therefore_o send_v he_o over_o into_o normandy_n but_o join_v in_o commission_n with_o his_o young_a son_n henry_n who_o duty_n and_o affection_n he_o most_o rely_v on_o both_o to_o observe_v the_o action_n and_o temper_v the_o levity_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n these_o two_o prince_n agree_v better_a than_o be_v usual_a to_o associate_n in_o power_n and_o govern_v the_o province_n with_o moderation_n and_o prudence_n reduce_v affair_n there_o to_o such_o order_n and_o tranquillity_n that_o have_v little_a business_n at_o home_n they_o go_v to_o seek_v some_o diversion_n abroad_o and_o make_v a_o visit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n then_o at_o constance_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o kindness_n and_o as_o be_v think_v not_o without_o design_n of_o renew_v old_a practice_n with_o duke_n robert_n to_o his_o father_n prejudice_n whatever_o affair_n may_v busy_v the_o thought_n of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o duke_n those_o of_o lewis_n the_o young_a dauphin_n and_o prince_n henry_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o common_a entertainment_n of_o youth_n and_o of_o leisure_n love_n hunting_n play_n and_o other_o such_o divertisement_n wherein_o the_o similitude_n of_o age_n and_o of_o custom_n make_v they_o constant_a companion_n it_o happen_v one_o evening_n that_o the_o dauphin_n play_v at_o chess_n at_o the_o prince_n lodging_n lose_v a_o great_a many_o game_n and_o much_o money_n to_o prince_n henry_n and_o grow_v thereupon_o first_o into_o ill_a humour_n and_o at_o length_n into_o ill_a language_n which_o be_v return_v by_o the_o
between_o the_o year_n 460_o and_o 500_o but_o this_o whole_a story_n be_v leave_v so_o uncertain_a or_o obscure_a by_o those_o poor_a writer_n who_o have_v pretend_v to_o leave_v the_o tale_n rather_o than_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n behind_o they_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o doubt_n whether_o to_o consider_v they_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o story_n of_o that_o or_o the_o fable_n of_o succeed_a age_n whatever_o there_o be_v of_o plain_a stuff_n the_o embroidery_n of_o it_o with_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o round_a table_n their_o order_n and_o their_o chivalry_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o kind_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o that_o vein_n of_o the_o spanish_a romance_n which_o many_o age_n after_o fill_v the_o world_n with_o so_o much_o of_o that_o idle_a trash_n and_o choose_v for_o the_o subject_a of_o they_o the_o adventure_n and_o success_n of_o the_o first_o christian_n pretend_v hero_n who_o renown_v such_o fictitious_a name_n by_o extravagant_a action_n or_o adventure_n against_o the_o pagan_n or_o the_o saracen_n either_o in_o spain_n or_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n and_o among_o these_o it_o be_v probable_a those_o writer_n find_v room_n for_o the_o many_o legend_n of_o the_o british_a arthur_n and_o his_o romantic_a adventure_n against_o the_o heathen_a saxon_n after_o the_o year_n 500_o for_o one_o century_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o saxon_a force_n be_v employ_v in_o subdue_a the_o midland_n part_v of_o britain_n interjacent_a between_o their_o two_o first_o establish_v colony_n or_o kingdom_n in_o the_o south_n or_o kent_n and_o in_o the_o north_n or_o about_o northumberland_n and_o to_o furnish_v man_n for_o such_o achievement_n and_o the_o new_a plantation_n of_o so_o great_a tract_n of_o country_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o devastation_n of_o the_o old_a mighty_a number_n of_o the_o saxon_a race_n come_v over_o into_o britain_n in_o several_a expedition_n and_o land_v at_o several_a place_n that_o which_o be_v record_v to_o have_v make_v sudden_a and_o easy_a way_n for_o their_o final_a conquest_n be_v a_o treaty_n they_o enter_v into_o with_o the_o britain_n where_o upon_o a_o parley_n mediate_v between_o they_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o chief_a on_o each_o side_n agree_v to_o meet_v and_o conclude_v the_o treaty_n in_o a_o great_a plain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o talk_n and_o drink_v which_o have_v part_n in_o this_o commerce_n the_o saxon_n provoke_v malicious_o and_o the_o britain_n innocent_o resent_v fall_v to_o quarrel_v first_o in_o word_n and_o at_o last_o to_o blow_n when_o the_o saxon_n upon_o a_o sign_n agree_v between_o they_o draw_v out_o short_a sword_n they_o have_v conceal_v under_o their_o upper_a garment_n fall_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a britain_n slay_v their_o whole_a number_n in_o the_o field_n who_o be_v the_o best_a and_o brave_a of_o their_o nation_n leave_v the_o rest_n expose_v without_o heart_n or_o head_n to_o the_o fury_n and_o progress_n of_o the_o saxon_a arms._n these_o hearten_v with_o success_n and_o proud_a of_o so_o great_a possession_n and_o territory_n invite_v and_o allure_v still_o great_a number_n of_o their_o own_o from_o abroad_o who_o be_v of_o several_a branch_n and_o from_o several_a coast_n arrive_v here_o under_o several_a name_n among_o who_o the_o angles_n from_o schonen_fw-mi and_o jutland_n swarm_v over_o in_o such_o number_n that_o they_o give_v a_o new_a name_n at_o length_n to_o this_o province_n which_o from_o they_o be_v call_v angle-land_n and_o for_o easy_a sound_n england_n the_o saxon_n pursue_v their_o invasion_n with_o courage_n and_o fierceness_n equal_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o nation_n that_o swarm_v over_o into_o this_o island_n and_o with_o such_o a_o uninterrupted_a course_n of_o fortune_n and_o victory_n after_o the_o year_n 500_o that_o by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o century_n they_o have_v subdue_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o province_n and_o establish_v in_o it_o seven_o several_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n style_v the_o heptarchy_n of_o the_o saxon_n they_o have_v expel_v the_o britain_n out_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a of_o their_o ancient_a possession_n and_o drive_v their_o great_a number_n who_o escape_v the_o conqueror_n fury_n into_o wales_n and_o cornwall_n country_n mountainous_a and_o barren_a encompass_v on_o three_o side_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o towards_o the_o land_n of_o difficult_a access_n some_o great_a colony_n of_o they_o whole_o abandon_v their_o native_a country_n to_o their_o fierce_a invader_n sail_v over_o into_o the_o northwest_n part_v of_o france_n where_o possess_v new_a seat_n they_o give_v a_o new_a appellation_n to_o that_o peninsula_n which_o preserve_v still_o the_o name_n and_o memory_n of_o britain_n there_o though_o about_o this_o time_n almost_o wear_v out_o at_o home_n this_o be_v the_o account_n common_o give_v of_o the_o british_a colony_n first_o establish_v themselves_o in_o that_o canton_n of_o gaul_n but_o there_o be_v another_o give_v by_o some_o learned_a person_n of_o their_o own_o and_o draw_v as_o they_o say_v either_o from_o ancient_a archive_v or_o tradition_n among_o they_o and_o which_o to_o i_o seem_v the_o most_o probable_a when_o upon_o the_o roman_a war_n in_o gaul_n among_o several_a pretender_n to_o the_o empire_n great_a number_n of_o the_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o roman_a force_n in_o that_o island_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o assist_v the_o contend_a party_n it_o be_v say_v that_o very_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o british_a have_v follow_v the_o unfortunate_a side_n retire_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n near_o to_o their_o isle_n and_o most_o likely_a to_o furnish_v they_o with_o ship_n for_o their_o transportation_n but_o that_o the_o misery_n of_o their_o native_a country_n from_o the_o furious_a inroad_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n so_o discourage_v their_o return_n that_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o gaul_n their_o friend_n they_o establish_v themselves_o in_o the_o further_a northwest_n part_v of_o that_o province_n which_o have_v since_o that_o time_n retain_v their_o language_n and_o their_o name_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o legend_n of_o king_n arthur_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o young_a prince_n or_o leader_n send_v from_o the_o britain_n in_o france_n to_o assist_v their_o countryman_n here_o against_o the_o saxon_n whatever_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o colony_n be_v or_o at_o what_o time_n it_o be_v at_o lest_o agree_v to_o have_v be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o resort_v of_o so_o many_o britain_n as_o seek_v refuge_n there_o from_o the_o saxon_a cruelty_n the_o weak_a and_o poor_a remainder_n of_o the_o old_a britain_n who_o be_v scatter_v among_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n be_v whole_o spoil_v of_o their_o land_n and_o good_n which_o be_v fall_v under_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o share_v they_o all_o among_o themselves_o leave_v the_o remain_a britain_n in_o a_o condition_n of_o downright_a servitude_n use_v they_o for_o tilling_n ground_n feed_v cattle_n and_o other_o servile_a work_n in_o house_n or_o field_n sometime_o farm_v out_o certain_a part_n of_o land_n to_o they_o at_o certain_a rent_n or_o profit_n but_o hold_v always_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o landlord_n the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v of_o these_o miserable_a people_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o stock_n or_o cattle_n upon_o it_o and_o thus_o begin_v villeinage_n in_o england_n which_o last_v till_o the_o time_n or_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o seventh_n reign_n soon_o after_o the_o year_n 600._o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n have_v end_v their_o old_a quarrel_n with_o the_o britain_n begin_v new_a one_o among_o themselves_o and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a circle_n of_o human_a affair_n war_n end_v in_o peace_n peace_n in_o plenty_n and_o luxury_n these_o in_o pride_n and_o pride_n in_o contention_n till_o the_o circle_n end_v in_o new_a war_n the_o saxon_a prince_n of_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n they_o have_v erect_v in_o britain_n fall_v into_o emulation_n of_o one_o another_o greatness_n dispute_v about_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o several_a principality_n or_o about_o succession_n or_o usurpation_n pretend_a or_o exercise_v in_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o formal_a war_n among_o they_o the_o strong_a swallow_v up_o the_o weak_a and_o these_o have_a recourse_n to_o their_o neighbour_n for_o defence_n against_o encroach_a power_n many_o fierce_a encounter_n sieges_n battle_n spoil_n and_o devastation_n of_o country_n succeed_v in_o the_o progress_n and_o decision_n of_o these_o mutual_a injury_n and_o invasion_n between_o the_o saxon_a king_n for_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o account_n of_o they_o be_v very_o poor_o give_v we_o with_o little_a order_n
or_o agreement_n of_o time_n or_o action_n by_o the_o few_o and_o mean_a author_n of_o those_o barbarous_a and_o illiterate_a age_n and_o perhaps_o the_o rough_a course_n of_o those_o lawless_a time_n and_o action_n will_v have_v be_v too_o ignoble_a a_o subject_n for_o a_o good_a historian_n about_o the_o year_n 8_o o._n after_o many_o various_a event_n and_o revolution_n between_o the_o several_a race_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n ecbert_n descend_v from_o the_o west-saxon_a king_n have_v inherit_v most_o of_o the_o succession_n from_o the_o prowess_n and_o exploit_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o acquire_v other_o by_o his_o own_o become_v the_o first_o sole_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o england_n as_o it_o now_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n possess_v by_o the_o old_a britain_n and_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n to_o the_o north_n of_o tweed_n possess_v by_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o by_o the_o saxon_n style_v by_o one_o common_a name_n of_o scotland_n this_o famous_a adventure_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n be_v achieve_v by_o the_o force_n and_o confluence_n of_o such_o multitude_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o belgic_a and_o baltic_a shore_n that_o some_o part_n of_o their_o native_a country_n be_v leave_v almost_o dispeople_v to_o fill_v again_o by_o new_a swarm_n from_o the_o great_a northern_a hive_n and_o the_o number_n of_o saxon_n and_o angles_n jute_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o come_v over_o be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o conquer_v and_o waste_v this_o whole_a province_n but_o even_o to_o plant_v and_o people_n it_o soon_o again_o with_o numerous_a and_o new_a inhabitant_n so_o as_o by_o they_o succeed_v in_o this_o island_n not_o only_o a_o change_n of_o government_n as_o by_o the_o roman_a arm_n but_o a_o change_n of_o the_o very_a people_n or_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v or_o possess_v the_o land_n of_o this_o whole_a province_n this_o induce_v a_o change_n likewise_o of_o name_n of_o language_n of_o custom_n of_o law_n of_o arm_n of_o discipline_n of_o possession_n of_o title_n of_o religion_n and_o even_o of_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o nature_n through_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o as_o we_o may_v just_o date_n the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o among_o we_o as_o well_o as_o our_o nation_n itself_o from_o these_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n britain_n which_o be_v before_o a_o roman_a province_n be_v now_o grow_v a_o saxon_a kingdom_n and_o instead_o of_o its_o former_a name_n be_v call_v england_n the_o language_n which_o be_v either_o latin_a or_o british_a be_v now_o grow_v whole_o saxon_n or_o english_a the_o land_n that_o be_v before_o divide_v into_o roman_a colony_n or_o government_n be_v so_o now_o into_o shire_n with_o name_n give_v to_o they_o by_o the_o saxon_n as_o they_o first_o possess_v or_o afterward_o think_v fit_a to_o distinguish_v they_o the_o habit_n in_o peace_n and_o arm_n in_o war_n the_o title_n of_o officer_n in_o both_o as_o well_o as_o of_o great_a counsellor_n to_o their_o king_n or_o great_a proprietor_n of_o land_n come_v to_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o saxon_a form_n and_o usage_n the_o law_n of_o this_o country_n which_o before_o be_v roman_a change_v now_o into_o old_a saxon_a custom_n or_o constitution_n their_o prince_n or_o leader_n of_o their_o several_a nation_n become_v koning_n or_o king_n of_o the_o territory_n they_o have_v subdue_v they_o reserve_v part_n of_o the_o land_n to_o themselves_o for_o their_o revenue_n and_o share_v the_o rest_n among_o their_o chief_a commander_n by_o great_a division_n and_o among_o their_o soldier_n by_o small_a share_n the_o first_o who_o have_v the_o great_a division_n be_v call_v earl_n or_o baron_n those_o of_o the_o small_a be_v knight_n and_o the_o small_a of_o all_o be_v freeman_n who_o possess_v some_o proportion_n of_o free_a land_n and_o be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o the_o villain_n that_o hold_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o landlord_n in_o this_o universal_a transformation_n religion_n itself_o have_v a_o share_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o receive_v new_a form_n and_o order_n with_o the_o new_a inhabitant_n whilst_o all_o that_o be_v roman_n or_o british_a expire_v together_o in_o this_o country_n the_o britain_n begin_n early_o to_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o as_o be_v report_v from_o some_o of_o the_o disciple_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v so_o propagate_v among_o they_o that_o when_o the_o roman_n leave_v the_o province_n they_o be_v general_o christian_n and_o have_v their_o priest_n and_o bishop_n from_o the_o ancient_a and_o apostolic_a institution_n the_o saxon_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o idolatrous_a pagan_n that_o worship_v several_a god_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o among_o who_o woden_n thor_n and_o from_fw-mi be_v the_o chief_a which_o leave_v their_o memory_n still_o preserve_v by_o the_o common_a name_n of_o three_o day_n in_o the_o week_n this_o religious_a worship_n they_o introduce_v with_o they_o and_o continue_v long_o in_o england_n till_o they_o subdue_v the_o britain_n reduce_v it_o under_o their_o heptarchy_n of_o saxon_n king_n persecute_v the_o british_a christian_n and_o drive_v they_o with_o their_o religion_n into_o wales_n where_o they_o continue_v under_o their_o primitive_a priest_n and_o bishop_n who_o with_o their_o monk_n be_v all_o under_o the_o surintendance_n of_o one_o archpriest_n or_o bishop_n of_o carleon_n or_o chester_n the_o bind_v of_o the_o british_a principality_n about_o the_o year_n 600._o or_o soon_o after_o pope_n boniface_n send_v austin_n the_o monk_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o england_n to_o the_o heathen_a saxon_n who_o land_v at_o dover_n be_v receive_v with_o humanity_n by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n and_o be_v admit_v with_o four_o or_o five_o of_o his_o companion_n as_o well-meaning_a man_n to_o teach_v and_o explain_v the_o doctrine_n and_o mystery_n of_o christianity_n among_o these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a people_n they_o so_o well_o succeed_v that_o they_o convert_v at_o first_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a sort_n and_o at_o length_n the_o king_n himself_o who_o example_n give_v easy_a way_n for_o introduce_v the_o christian_a faith_n into_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o from_o thence_o spread_v into_o all_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n thus_o religion_n come_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n under_o the_o rite_n and_o form_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n by_o which_o austin_n be_v institute_v chief_a bishop_n in_o england_n and_o seat_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n at_o canterbury_n but_o his_o jurisdiction_n though_o admit_v in_o all_o the_o saxon_a territory_n be_v not_o receive_v by_o the_o british_a priest_n or_o people_n in_o wales_n though_o endeavour_v by_o many_o mission_n from_o austin_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o even_o by_o war_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o saxon_n upon_o the_o old_a british_a christian_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o new_a romish_a priest_n in_o one_o of_o which_o near_o carleon_n twelve_o hundred_o of_o the_o poor_a british_a monk_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slaughter_v while_o they_o be_v apart_o in_o the_o field_n at_o their_o prayer_n for_o the_o success_n of_o the_o british_a army_n with_o this_o account_n of_o a_o new_a face_n and_o state_n of_o person_n and_o of_o thing_n both_o natural_a civil_a and_o religious_a establish_v in_o england_n i_o return_v to_o the_o period_n i_o leave_v of_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n which_o be_v extinguish_v by_o long_a and_o various_a revolution_n among_o themselves_o make_v way_n for_o the_o reign_n of_o ecbert_n the_o first_o sole_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 830._o it_o may_v have_v be_v reasonable_o expect_v that_o a_o wise_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n at_o the_o head_n of_o so_o great_a a_o dominion_n and_o so_o brave_a and_o numerous_a a_o people_n as_o the_o english_a after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n out_o of_o his_o country_n into_o the_o rough_a northern_a part_n and_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o northwest_n corner_n of_o the_o island_n shall_v not_o only_o have_v enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o peace_n and_o quiet_n but_o leave_v much_o felicity_n as_o well_o as_o greatness_n to_o many_o succeed_a generation_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n yet_o such_o be_v the_o instability_n of_o human_a affair_n and_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o best_a conjecture_n that_o ecbert_n be_v hardly_o warm_a in_o his_o unite_a throne_n when_o both_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v alarm_v and_o perplex_v at_o the_o approach_n of_o new_a and_o unknown_a enemy_n and_o this_o island_n expose_v to_o new_a invasion_n about_o this_o time_n a_o mighty_a swarm_n of_o the_o old_a northern_a hive_n who_o have_v possess_v the_o seat_n about_o the_o baltic_a
which_o leave_v all_o safe_a and_o quiet_a in_o the_o southern_a part_n and_o main_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whilst_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n against_o his_o enemy_n in_o the_o north_n nor_o be_v the_o safety_n of_o a_o prince_n so_o firm_a and_o well_o establish_v upon_o any_o other_o bottom_n as_o the_o general_a safety_n and_o thereby_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o make_v the_o bulk_n and_o strength_n of_o all_o great_a kingdom_n whenever_o they_o conspire_v and_o unite_v in_o any_o common_a passion_n or_o interest_n for_o the_o noble_n without_o they_o be_v but_o like_o a_o army_n of_o officer_n without_o soldier_n and_o make_v only_o a_o vain_a show_n or_o weak_a noise_n unless_o raise_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v in_o a_o common_a latin_a proverb_n call_v the_o voice_n of_o god_n no_o prince_n ever_o make_v great_a or_o happy_a experience_n of_o this_o truth_n than_o william_n the_o conqueror_n both_o in_o the_o event_n of_o the_o last_o and_o formidable_a danger_n which_o he_o so_o easy_o surmount_v and_o in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o subsequent_a reign_n which_o be_v infest_a by_o many_o new_a trouble_n either_o in_o england_n or_o in_o normandy_n that_o will_v have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o he_o if_o he_o have_v be_v distract_v by_o the_o common_a discontent_n or_o insurection_n of_o his_o english_a subject_n for_o his_o present_a calm_a be_v not_o of_o long_a continuance_n the_o cloud_n soon_o gather_v again_o and_o threaten_v another_o storm_n and_o from_o the_o same_o wind_n by_o which_o the_o last_o have_v be_v raise_v malcolm_z king_n of_o scotland_n still_o persist_v in_o the_o envy_n and_o fear_v of_o his_o neighbour_a power_n and_o greatness_n still_o esteem_v it_o his_o own_o interest_n to_o join_v with_o those_o of_o edgar_n and_o his_o dependent_n in_o england_n and_o thereby_o weaken_v the_o force_n or_o disturb_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o norman_a government_n in_o england_n before_o it_o shall_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o time_n and_o calm_a season_n take_v too_o deep_a root_n to_o be_v afterward_o shake_v he_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n than_o before_o with_o which_o he_o threaten_v again_o to_o invade_v england_n and_o lead_v they_o himself_o though_o still_o in_o favour_n only_o of_o edgar_n title_n and_o advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n he_o enter_v into_o new_a practice_n with_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobles_n who_o have_v follow_v he_o though_o unfortunate_o in_o the_o last_o expedition_n and_o be_v resolve_v to_o repair_v their_o former_a loss_n by_o venture_v great_a rather_o than_o give_v over_o the_o game_n nor_o can_v the_o hope_n of_o the_o discontent_a english_a ever_o die_v while_o the_o root_n be_v alive_a and_o they_o be_v foment_v by_o the_o malice_n and_o encourage_v by_o the_o force_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o neighbour_n join_v with_o so_o just_a pretension_n as_o those_o of_o edgar_n be_v general_o esteem_v when_o the_o preparation_n in_o scotland_n and_o intelligence_n in_o england_n be_v ripe_a for_o execution_n the_o earl_n edwin_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v towards_o the_o north_n but_o be_v by_o the_o way_n murder_v by_o some_o of_o his_o own_o retinue_n the_o earl_n morchar_n and_o hereward_n who_o be_v already_o upon_o the_o wing_n for_o the_o same_o flight_n discourage_v by_o this_o misadventure_n dare_v not_o pursue_v it_o but_o yet_o already_o engage_v too_o far_o to_o make_v a_o retreat_n they_o make_v way_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n fortify_v there_o the_o best_a they_o can_v and_o hope_v the_o scotch_a invasion_n will_v divert_v the_o king_n force_n from_o attempt_v they_o before_o winter_n and_o that_o the_o season_n and_o situation_n together_o will_v there_o cover_v they_o for_o some_o time_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o scotch_a king_n be_v discourage_v from_o begin_v his_o march_n by_o the_o news_n of_o these_o disaster_n among_o his_o confederate_n in_o england_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o send_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n and_o earl_n syward_a out_o of_o scotland_n to_o relieve_v and_o animate_v those_o lord_n retire_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n than_o to_o enter_v england_n without_o hope_n of_o their_o make_v some_o diversion_n but_o the_o king_n who_o never_o fear_v or_o slight_v any_o danger_n and_o know_v they_o be_v like_o disease_n to_o be_v take_v in_o time_n march_v immediate_o with_o his_o force_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n beset_v it_o upon_o one_o side_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o flat_a bottom_n boat_n and_o on_o another_o make_v a_o bridge_n of_o two_o mile_n long_o with_o incredible_a diligence_n and_o labour_n and_o with_o such_o speed_n as_o both_o surprise_v and_o terrify_v his_o enemy_n within_o so_o as_o despair_v of_o further_a resistance_n they_o all_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n mercy_n except_o hereward_n who_o with_o some_o few_o follower_n escape_v through_o the_o fen_n and_o through_o many_o danger_n arrive_v safe_a in_o scotland_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v send_v prisoner_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o some_o remain_v during_o the_o king_n life_n and_o other_o die_v be-before_a he_o with_o who_o they_o can_v not_o be_v content_a to_o live_v the_o king_n after_o this_o small_a adventure_n so_o happy_o achieve_v and_o the_o present_a peace_n of_o his_o kingdom_n restore_v yet_o consider_v the_o root_n of_o all_o his_o danger_n be_v in_o scotland_n and_o unwilling_a to_o take_v up_o present_a quiet_n and_o safety_n at_o too_o great_a a_o interest_n of_o danger_n to_o come_v resolve_v to_o march_v into_o scotland_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o endeavour_v to_o secure_v himself_o on_o that_o side_n either_o by_o a_o peace_n or_o victory_n he_o first_o send_v roger_n a_o norman_a than_o gospatrick_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o part_n of_o his_o force_n into_o the_o north_n to_o oppose_v the_o scotch_a army_n that_o be_v already_o enter_v those_o province_n with_o great_a spoil_n and_o ravages_n of_o the_o country_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o at_o a_o bay_n till_o the_o king_n come_v up_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o assemble_v his_o force_n at_o york_n with_o the_o best_a choice_n of_o man_n and_o officer_n and_o such_o number_n as_o he_o judge_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o expedition_n compose_v of_o english_a and_o norman_n who_o emulation_n he_o encourage_v with_o promise_n of_o reward_n and_o hope_n of_o establish_v their_o common_a safety_n by_o the_o success_n of_o this_o enterprise_n from_o york_n to_o durham_n he_o meet_v with_o many_o hardship_n and_o difficulty_n from_o the_o want_v of_o his_o army_n in_o a_o country_n which_o have_v be_v so_o late_o waste_v by_o the_o scotch_a force_n and_o his_o own_o and_o with_o which_o he_o be_v then_o content_v to_o prevent_v another_o invasion_n but_o have_v surmount_v all_o by_o his_o own_o care_n and_o the_o patience_n of_o his_o man_n from_o the_o example_n of_o their_o leader_n he_o march_v near_o the_o border_n without_o any_o opposition_n though_o common_a fame_n have_v make_v he_o expect_v the_o scotch_a will_v give_v he_o battle_n in_o england_n and_o not_o the_o trouble_v of_o so_o long_a a_o march._n but_o malcolm_n their_o king_n now_o destitute_a of_o hope_n or_o assistance_n from_o any_o foreign_a confederate_n or_o any_o insurrection_n in_o england_n after_o the_o late_a disaster_n of_o the_o discontent_a lord_n begin_v to_o cool_v the_o heat_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o instead_o of_o further_a invade_v england_n change_v his_o counsel_n and_o resolve_v only_o upon_o a_o defensive_a war._n at_o the_o news_n of_o king_n william_n entrance_n into_o the_o northern_a province_n he_o quit_v northumberland_n and_o with_o good_a order_n retreat_v back_o to_o the_o border_n and_o there_o encamp_v his_o army_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n without_o make_v any_o further_a incursion_n into_o the_o english_a territory_n either_o to_o secure_v his_o provision_n or_o not_o to_o provoke_v his_o enemy_n and_o render_v all_o term_n of_o reconcilement_n desperate_a or_o not_o to_o endanger_v his_o retreat_n in_o case_n of_o any_o disaster_n the_o king_n of_o england_n approach_v the_o border_n and_o thereby_o the_o scotch_a army_n think_v fit_a likewise_o to_o encamp_v his_o own_o both_o to_o refresh_v his_o soldier_n harass_v by_o so_o long_a and_o difficult_a a_o march_n as_o also_o to_o discover_v the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n observe_v their_o countenance_n their_o order_n and_o their_o motion_n and_o thereby_o judge_v of_o their_o design_n and_o direct_v his_o own_o to_o the_o best_a advantage_n so_o that_o for_o some_o day_n the_o two_o army_n stand_v at_o a_o bay_n seem_v both_o prepare_v for_o a_o fierce_a encounter_n and_o yet_o both_o content_a to_o delay_v it_o