oure lord M.ccc.lxviii they were no priestes nor consecrated persons but wer men of the laye sort geuen addicted to praiers had the name of Iesuites bycause the name of Iesus should be often in their mouth they be muche like to our bedemen in England The secte of new Hermites began in Vrbine a cytie in Italy in the coūtre of Vmbria where Polidor Vergile was borne and was the deuise of one Petrus an Hetruriane and they had in the same cytie a goodly hospital or guylde hal The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmunde sonne of Rychard erle of Cornewel whiche was brother to Henry the .iii. and was elected kyng of the Romanes heyre apparant to the Empyre by the princes electours aboute the yere of oure Lorde M.CC.lvii The special head place of that religion was Astrige wher the noble kyng Henry the .viii. hath nowe a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the blood of our sauiour as it was sayd into the realme The .v. Chapiter ¶ The original of sacred knightes and white secte WHILEST the cytie of Ierusalem afore our christenmen had cōquered it in y e yere of our lord M.xcix. was in subieccion to the Saracēs the Latine christians that liued ther tributaries purchased a lycence to buylde nere vnto the holye sepulchre dwellyng houses and among other they made an hospital of our lady to receyue the straunge pilgrimes and appoincted a prouost to entertain thē This was in Siluester the fyrst hys tyme the yere of our Lorde .ccc.xiiii. and renewed the yere of Chrst M.ccc xcvii in the tyme of Celestine the .iii. bishop of Rome After the paterne of this house was deuised a like house of virgyns in me mortal of Mari Magdalen to receiue the women that resorted thether It beganne in the .ii. Vrbanes daies the yere of our Lorde M. lxxxxix Notwithstandyng because the multitude of latine pilgrimes waxed very great they builded thre hospitals of s Ihō Baptiste as some saye albeit some thynke it was of Iohn Eleemosinarius that was the patriarke of Alexandria in the reigne of the emperour Phoca This secte one Gerardus adourned with a white crosse in a black vesture grand captain of these knightes was Ramundus when Clement the .v. had the sea of Rome about the yere of our Lorde M.ccc.x yet some affirme that the beginnyng of them was in the .iii. Alexanders dayes the yere of Christ M.c.lxxix and they be called of y e order of s Iohn or knightes of the Rhodes because thei wāne the Rhodes from the Turkes which afterwarde they lost againe in Ianuary in the yere of oure saluacion M. CCCCC.xxiii albeit they dyd long defend it manfully The templers order was begon in Gelacius the .ii. his daies in the yere of Christes incarnacion M.C.xxviii by Hugo Paganus and Gaufradus de sancto Alexandro they were named templers bycause they kept in a parte of the buyldynges neare to the temple they kepte Barnardus rule in their liuyng But Clement the .v. deposed thē partly for that they renoūced the faith conspired w t the Turkes partly forother notable crimes The order of Tentonickes or dutch Lordes beganne in Hierusalem by a Dutche manne whose name is not knowen Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christes crosse it began in the dayes of Clement the third the yere of Christes incarnacion M.C.xc. Petrus Fardinandus a Spaniarde began the order of sainct Iames knightes that lyued after s Austens rule vnder Alexander y e .iii. and in the yere of our lord M. c.lx.iii the same bishoppes daies ¶ Sāctius a kyng ordeyned the factions of Calatrauean knightes which professed the rule of y e Cisterciences Of the same profession be they of the order of Iesus Christes knightes whiche were instituted by Iohn the xxii bishop of that name in Portingale to resist the Saracens Alexandrians brotherhod of knightes in the realme of Castel y t begonne in Gregories tyme the .ix. aboute the yere of oure saluacion M.CC.xl. but who was auctor of thē is vncertaine Iames kyng of Aragonia dyd foūd ii sectes of knightes one named of s Mari de Mercede of those the office was to raunsom suche as were taken prisoners in warres against the Turkes The other sect is called Montasian knightes and they were a redde crosse both these orders Gregory the xi did alowe the yere of our lord M. The order of Minimes or lest brethren were founded by one Franciscus Paula a Silician after the example of Frauncisse his Mmorites The Apostolike brethren begāne in the yere of our lord M.cclx by the institucion of Gerardus Sagarelus in the toune named Perma in Lōbardie in the tyme of Alexander the fourth The whyt sect sprong vp in the Alpes descended into Italye hauyng apriest for their captayn But Bonifacius perceiuyng they should do no good to his honourable estate if they continued caused their captain to be headed at Viterbium as attainted of some heresie the yere of our lord M. cccc They wer a great nomber dyd no other thyng but lamēt the state of mākynd bewayle the sinnes of the people Theren as of this fashion both men women were called the whit sect because they weare whyte clothyng The .vi. Chapiter ¶ The Niniuites Assirians Antonians and Ceretanes NO lesse supersticion is in the fraternite of the Niniuites although they auaunce thē selues to haue receyued their maner of liuyng of y e Apostles for the end of their doynges is to worke their owne saluacion by dedes satisfactory to God wher in dede they derogate the effecte and power of Christes blod The rites be specified with outward holines as often assēblyng to praier hiryng of chauntry priestes supportyng pouertie be clothed in sackcloth and scourge one another w t whippes Of this painted penaunce they call them selues Niniuites as though they appeaced Gods wrathe in the same wyse as they of Niniuie dyd where in deede they had heartie cōtricion for their offēces these haue but pretenced holines and penitence they beganne vnder Clement the .iiii. the yere of our lorde a thousand two hundreth threscore and fiue The maner of theyr whyppyng came of the Romayne sacrifices and Lupercalia whereof I spake afore for thei vsed the same custome of a supersticious opinion Or if a manne wold be curious in boultyng out the original of their beatyng it may appeare to haue proceded of an obseruaūce of the Egyptiens For y e vsage was there that whilest they offered a cow with many ceremonies to their gret Idole as Herodotus witnesseth during y e burnyng therof they shuld one beate another miserably with wandes or roddes The title of their fraternitie came of the Romaynes whiche had diuers felowshyppes as Sodales Titii and Fratres Aruales that sacrificed to Ceres Goddesse of corne Another sort there is not onely idle but also
to these monthes Ianuary August DeceÌ„ber euery of them .ii. daies And to April Iune SepteÌ„ber NoueÌ„ber he gaue to eche of theÌ„ one day In this maner Iulius Caesar accoÌ„plished y e yere perfectely accordyng to the course of the sunne of the .vi. houres euery .iiii. yere amouÌ„teth a day whiche causeth leape yere as we cal it in latine it is named bissextus because euery forth yere we couÌ„te twyse the .vi. calend of Marche ¶ The monthes haue their name because they measure the space and course of the Moone Thus the yere hath .xii. monthes wherof April Iune SepteÌ„ber and NoueÌ„ber haue .xxx. daies all y e rest hath .xxxi. dayes sauyng February whiche hath but xxviii in the yere be .lii. wekes and a day Daies there be CCC.lxv .vi. houres The calendes nones ides hath theyr appellacions of y e maner of rekenyng of the Romaynes CaleÌ„des were named of callyng for at euery chauÌ„ge the chiefe rular of y e sacrifices called rex sacrificulus called to an asseÌ„bly in the Capitoly or place of Rome all them of the couÌ„tree and sheweth theÌ„ theyr festiual daies and what it was lawful to do y e monthe The Nones had y e name because thei were the .ix. day froÌ„ the ides whiche ides be y e midde daies of euery moÌ„th and had theyr appellacion of the Hetruscanes terme iduare that signifieth to deuide or seperate in y e middes This fashion of countyng the month endured to the CCCC.l. yeare of the cytie was kepte secrete among the byshops of theyr religion tyl y e tyme that C. Slauius P. Sulpitius Auerrio and P. Sempronius Sophullongus then beyng Consuls against the mynde of the Senatours disclosed al theyr solemne feates published theÌ„ in a table that eueri man might haue perseueraunce of them The Prime wherby we fynde the coniunction of the moue and all mouable feastes as Lent Easter Whytsondaye with other lyke was inuented by the great clarke sainct Barnarde ¶ The .v. Chapiter ¶ Who ordeyned the houres dyals clockes deuidyng the day and night HOVRES whiche beyng in noÌ„ber xxiiii accomplishe the space of a day night were so named of the soÌ„ne whiche in the Egyptians language is called horus They at the fyrst were appointed but twelue of this occasyon Hermes Trismegistus perceiuyng a certayne beast consecrated to theyr God Serapis to make water or pisse .xii. tymes in the day of equall distaÌ„ce supposed therfore that y e day ought to be deuided into .xii. houres This noÌ„ber dyd continue long but afterwarde y t day parted in .xxiiii. houres Anaximeneâ— a Milesian found in Lacedemony the fyrst dyal that declareth the houres by y e shadow of the Gnomon It was long afore they were vsed in Rome for as Plinie writeth in the .xii. tables there was onely rehersed the risyng goyng doune of the sunne a fewe yeares after Noone or midday was added whiche the Bedel or common crier dyd denounce This was but onely on cleare daies when they might perceyue the course altitude of the soÌ„ne The fyrst dyal was set vp on a pyller openly whiche stode behynd the coÌ„mon pulpite or barre called rostra at y e cost of M. Valerius Messala then Consuls in the fyrst battail Punike The water dial was vsed fyrst in Rome by P. Scipio Nasica y e ix c yere of the cytie to deuide y e houres of the day night Albeit it was inueÌ„ted by Câ—esibius of Alexandria Afterwarde clockes made of metall were inuented by subtyl wittes and saÌ„d dials were imagined whose authours be yet vnknowen In some places the clockes strike .xxiiii. houres by order in other some as in the West partes of the worlde it smiteth twyse in the day .xii. houres in suche order that the .xii. houre is at noone and at midnight whiche is more coÌ„modiouse for the rekeners then the other The daies whiche be rekened in sundry wyse of diuerse nacions began in Egypt where the yere monthes were also deuised they take all the space from midnight to midnight for one day and the Romaynes vsed the same maner For as Plutarche writeth the suÌ„ne risyng is the beginnyng of all affayres functions the night is a tyme of counselyng apparaunce and they had assigned to euery houre a soÌ„dry ministry as Martial in his Epigramme declareth The day vvas deuided in sundry vvise That euery hour had a seueral office The .ii. first serued for salutacion The third for lavvyers alteracion Tvvo next vvere spente in labours diuersly The sixt men might them selfes rest quietly The seuenth of vvorkes vvas resolution The eight vvas for vvrestlers and in conclusion The nynth vvas limitted for mennes repast And so furth the other of time vvas made no vvast ¶ The Babilonians called the space betwene the Sunne risynges a day The Atheniens named all that was betwene the goynges doune a daye The Vmbrians counte theyr day fro noone to noone but coÌ„monly the day is called the space from mornyng tyl night The night was diuided into iiii watches whereof euerye one as Hierom wytnesseth conteyned thre houres The .vi. Chapiter ¶ Who set furth bookes fyrst or made a library Printyng paper parchement arte of memory BOOKES whiche coÌ„teyne the monumentes of ingeniouse wyttes and be a regestre of all valiaunt prowesse in Grece were fyrst published as Laertius thinketh by Anaxagoras as Gellius sayeth it was Pisistratus that made the fyrst booke exhibited it to be redde openly Notwithstandyng Iosephus declareth y t the Hebrues and priestes of Egypte and Chaldee set furth bookes fyrst The Atheniens seriously multiplied y e noÌ„bre of bookes whiche Xerxes caried froÌ„ thence into Persie Seleucus kyng of Macedony caused them many yeres after to be conueighed to Athens again After that Ptolomeus kyng of Egypt gathered together vii C.M. bookes whiche were all brent in the former battaile of Alexandria Neuertheles Strabo recordeth that Aristotle dyd institute the fyrst lybrary and left it to Theophrast his disciple taught the kynges of Egypte howe they should order theyr lybrary Theophrast left it to Meleus of him Scepsis receyued it There was also a lybrarye at Pargamus verye auncient In Rome Asinius Pollio had the fyrste lybrarye whiche was occasyon that good wyttes emploied great and graue study in learnyng to the ample furtheraunce and commoditee of the common wealth of the cytie There be at this day many in Italy but the most famouse is the liberary whiche Frederike Feltrius duke of Vrbine dyd cause to be edified Truely the coÌ„modite of lyberaries is right profitable and necessary but in coÌ„parison of the craft of Printyng it is nothyng both because one manne may Prynte more in one day then many men in many yeres could write And also it preserueth bothe Greke Latine auctours fro the dauÌ„ger of corrupcion It was found in Germany at Magunce
by one I. Cuthenbergus a knight he found moreouer y e Inke by his deuise that Printers vse .xvi. yere after Printyng was fouÌ„d whiche was y e yere of our lord M. CCCC.lviii one CoÌ„radus an Almayne brought it into Rome Nicolas Iohnson a Frenchemanne dyd greatly polishe and garnishe it And now it is dispersed through y e whole world almost Before y e vse of Paper men vsed to wryte in leaues of date trees and somtymes on the barke of trees Afterwarde they wrote y e publique writynges in plates or shetes of leade their priuate matters in tables waxe for tables as Homer testifieth were afore y e siege of Troy Paper was deuised by king Alexander as Varro affyrmeth it was made of a kynd of fenne rishes that grewe in the marishe groundes of Egypte But Plinie sayeth it was vsed in the tyme of kyng Numa y t reigned CCC yeres afore Alexander his bookes whiche were found in a chest of stone in fyld by L. Pitilius a Scribe were writen in paper In processe of tyme paper that we vse nowe was inuented it is made of lynen clothe beaten together in mylles made for that vse Parchement as Varro wytnesseth was found in Pargamus albeit the writers of Hebrewe stories as Iosephus sheweth vsed parchement they wrote also in goate skynnes shepe skynnes in olde tyme as Herodotus declareth There be diuerse maner of papers as paper royal paper deinye blottyng paper matchauÌ„tes paper The vsage of writyng by caractes is very auncient and was found by Tyrotullius freman as Eusebius supposeth and Iulius Caesar vsed it muche in secrete and preuy counsels The arts of memorye was founde by Simonides in Thassalye For what tyme he was boden to a banket at a noble mannes house called Scopa it chaunsed that he was sente for to speake with .ii. yong men at the gate and straight waye the bankettyng house fel and destroyed al the gestes Then he because he remembred in what order and place euery man sate deliuered euery man his frende to be buried By that facte bothe he perceiued the order of the art of memory and what commoditee came to the remembraunce of man by suche places and images as bee conteyned in that feate In memory eâ—celled Cyrus kyng of Persye whiche could call euery man in his hoost by name Cyneas the ambassadour of Pyrrhuâ— the day after he came to Rome saluted euery order of nobles by their proper names Mithridates could speake xâ—ii languages Iulius Caesar could wryte reede endite and heare a tale al at ones Adrianus the emperour could do the same The .vii. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of warre with other thynges concernyng the same CHIVALRY wherein is declared the manly corage of noble captaynes was deuised as Tully sayeth by Pallas as Diodorus thynketh the maner of warre was found out by Mars Albeit Iosephus telleth that Tubalcain whiche was afore the flud dyd fyrst practise feates of armes whereby it appeareth that y e vse of warres is of great antiquitie but it is vncertayne who was the fyrst warrior Afore the findyng out of weapons menne vsed to fight with theyr fistes feete and bityng And thus beganne battaile as Lucretius writeth Handes gripen fote tothe nail VVere first vveapons vsed in batail Afterwarde they beganne to fight with staues and clubbes And therfore they assigne to Hercules a staffe and a Lyons skynne For men in the beginnyng vsed staues to reuenge their iniuries and quarels couered theyr bodyes with skynnes of wylde beastes in stead of armoure Palamedes ordered and set men fyrst in aray appointed watches and wardyng to be kepte and watche woordes in the battaile of Troy At the same tyme Synon excogitated bekons and fyres Plinie saieth that the Pheniciens inuented fyrst the polycies of warre Diodorus affyrmeth that Mars forged fyrst weapons and armed souldiers with theÌ„ and therfore the findyng out of theÌ„ is attributed to him but the instrumentes of warre were fouÌ„d by diuers men at sundry tymes Helmettes swordes and speares the Lacedemonians founde yet Herodotus supposeth the tergattes and salettes to be the inuencion of the Egyptians and so to haue comen into Grece The haberion was deuised by Midius Messenius shyldes by Pretus and Acrisius as they fought together ¶ Legge harnes and cristes of salettes were inuented by the Cariens Iauelynes Etolas Dartes with thonges or strynges by Etolus sonne to Mars billes by the Thraciens iustyng speares and morespikes by Tyrrhenus they were vsed first in the siege of Capua that Fulgius Flaccus laied to it penthesilea imagined poulaxes and Piseus huntyng staues bowe and shaftes sithes Iupiters sonne inueÌ„ted although Diodorus ascribeth the inuencion of theÌ„ to Apollo Notwithstandyng Artapanus whoÌ„ Eusebius reciteth saieth that the inuencion of Armour began by Moses whiche beyng very young acheued the first hardy enterprise against the Ethiopians Of all enginnes of warre the Cretians founde firste the crosse bowes the Sirians quarelles or boltes and the Phaeniciens found brakes and slinges howbeit Vegetius holdeth opinion that Baleares a people whiche dwell in the Spanishe seas ordained slinges Cranes or vernes to wynde vp great weightes were the deuise of Ctesyphon The rammar called in latyn Aries wherwith walles be ouerthrowen was made by Aepeus at Troy Thei sought a tertise called in latyn Testudo too myne walles Artemon Clazemonius instituted But of all other that euer were deuised to the destruction of man the goÌ„nes be most deuilishe whiche was perceiued by a certaine Almaine whose name is not knowen After this sorte it chaunced that he had in a morter pouder of brimstone that he had beateÌ„ for a medicine and couered it with a stoone and as hee strooke fyre it fortuned a sparke to fal into the pouder by and by there roase a greate flame oute of the morter and lyfte vp the stoone wherewith it was couered a greate heyght And after hee had perceiued that he made a pipe of yron and tempered the pouder and so finished this deadly engyn and taught the Venetians the vse of it when they warred against the Genuates whiche was in the yere of our lord M.ccc.lxxx For this inuencion he receiued this benefit that his name was neuer knowen lest he might for thys abhomynable deuise haue bene cursed and euil spoken of whilest the worlde standeth The waye to reclayme and ryde horses after y e iudgement of Plinie Bellerophon taught fyrst whiche rodde the swyfte Pegasus into a mountain of Libie called Chimera as Diodorus suppose it was Neptune Brydels bittes horseharnes or trappers the Peletronians a nacion of Thessalie found and as some thinke the cast to breake wyld horses was lerned of theÌ„ Also the Numidians rode their horses without sadles Cartes with two horses and waggons the Phrigians vsed fyrst chariotes Richthonius diuised fyrst in Grece fightyng on horsebacke the Centaures
y e one was more then a prophete so the other was aboue the state and condicion of Monkes Some assigne the original of it to Antony other referre it to one Paule a Thebane surnamed Heremite bycause he laide the fouÌ„dacion of y e maner of liuyng solytary Neuertheles for so muche as euery maÌ„ may speake his phantasye in a thing doubtful I thynke y e institucion of this monastical life to haue proceded of y e Essees a religiouse brotherhod among y e Hebrues that liued after a greater perfection then the Monkes did in their supersticiouse phaÌ„tastical tradicioÌ„s as appeareth by the .viii. boke of Eusebius de preparatione euangelica Of their precedence Antonye and Paule the Thebane toke example of orderyng the rules and preceptes of theyr religiouse scolars Albeit it shal agre of good right to ascribe the oryginal of it to Antony whiche although he were not the fyrst yet he did specially encorage the endeuours of al other to lead that lyfe and aucthorised the discipline of Monkes in Egypt And afterwarde Basilius in Grece and Hilarion in Syria dyd muche augment amplifie that purpose For this Hilarion a man of great vertue by callyng on the name of Iesus healed at the cytie of Gaza the sonnes of a noble woman whervpon the brute of him was so noysed that many out of Syria Egypte repayred vnto him he fouÌ„ded abbeys in Palestine instructed theÌ„ w t rules of liuyng As for Antony he liued in the wildernes of Thebais in Egypt builded there an abbeye where he him selfe w t Sarmatas Amatas and Macarius his disciples liued in so ernest contemplacion and praier â–ª that they liued onely with bread and water his holynes was suche that Helena mother of Constantine dyd commende her selfe and her sonne to his praiers He dyed in the wyldernes when he was an C.v. yeres olde the yere of oure saluacion CCC.lxi his disciples Amatas and Macharius encreased muche the religion after his death Sarmatas was slayne by the Saracenes The institucion of this state of liuyng came I graunte of a good zeele to godlynes but the deuil peruerter of all good thynges dyd so empoysone the heartes of them that folowed that they had more trust in their workes then fayth in Christes blod then euery man beganne new rules of workes to be theyr owne sauiours and went so supersticiousely to worke that al was out of rule and abhominable in the sight of God ⧠The .ii. Chapiter ¶ The diuision of monastical life into sundry secâ—â—s and â—actions AN hundreth .lxvi. yeare after y e death of Antony Benet an ItaliaÌ„ borne at Nursie in Vmbria when he had liued long in solitarines resorted to a cytie of Italy named Sublaque a cytie of the Latines forty miles from Rome And forbecause he was greatly delited with wyldernes and also the people preased there muche to see and heare his preachynges he departed thence to Cassine And in y e tyme of Iohn the fyrst about y e yere of our lord CCCCC xxiiii he buylded ther an abbey and assembled the Monkes that were dispersed alone in diuerse places into one couente and ordered them with instructions of maners rules of liuyng confyrmed with thre vowes that is chastitee wylfull pouertie and obedience because they shuld al together mortify their owne wyl and lustes These thre forenamed vowes Basilius bishop of Gesaria did fyrst institute and publishe in the yere of oure lorde CCC.lxxxiii And also assigne the yere of probacion or trial that religiouse persons had afore they were professed The order of CluniaceÌ„ses were ordeyned by one Odon an abbotte at Masticense a village of Burgundie And WilliaÌ„ duke of Aquitany gaue them on house the yere of our lorde ixC xvi in the tyme of Sergius the thyrd Not long after the religion of Camaldimenses was begoÌ„ne by Romoaldus of Rauenna in the mounte Apenninus the yere of our lord .viii. C.l. they kept perpetual sileÌ„ce euery wednesday friday they fast bread water they go barefoote lye on the ground In a part of the same mountayne called Vallis Vmbrosa or the shadowed valey in y e yere of Christes incarnacion M lx vnder Gregory y e vi Iohn Gualbert begaÌ„ne a new sect of Monkes named theÌ„ of the place where the abbey stode the shadowed valie order The Monkes of Oliuere sprong vp as a fruite of discorde the same yere that the variance was amoÌ„g the thre bishops were instituted by Barnardus Ptolomeus y e yere of Christ M. cccc.vii vnder Gregory the .xii. The faction of Grandimontensers beganne by Steuen of Auerne in Aquitany or Guyen the yere of our lord M.lxxvi vnder Alexander the second had theyr tytle of y e mountayne where their abbey stode A litle after y e same tyme Robert abbot of Molisme in Cistercium a Forest of Burgundie dyd institute y e order of Cistercians albeit some ascrib this to one Ordingus a Monke that persuaded Robert to the same aboue the yere of our lord M.xcviii vnder Vrbane the second Of this religion was the great clerke s Barnarde Almost an C. yere after this in y e yere of our lorde M.C.lxvi The order of Humiliates was diuised by certeine persons exiled by Fredericus Barbarussa which when thei were restored to theyr couÌ„tre apparelled the selfes in white liued by a kynd of vow in praiers penury workyng wulle were admitted by Innocentius the thyrd and other his successours Celestines were founded by Celestinus the fyfte of that name bishop of Rome in the yere of our lorde M.C.xcviii In England saint Gylbert at Tyrington Sempringham begaÌ„ne an order called after him Gylbertines in the tyme of Eugenius the fourth the yere of Christes incarnacion Mcxlviii The Iustinianes were inuented by Lewes Barbus a religiouse man of Venice In the abbey of sainct Iustine at Padway the yere of our saluacion M. CCCC.xii in the daies of Iohn the .xxiii. There were also orders of NuÌ„nes diuised after the same rules of supersticion as the other be ⧠The .iii. Chapiter ¶ Of the Hierominians Chanons Chatterhouse Monkes Whyte frears Crouchefryes with other HIERONIMIANS had theyr beginnyng of s Hierome whiche leauyng his natyue couÌ„tre went into Iury and ther not farre froÌ„ Bethlehem builded him an house where he liued very deuoutly the latter ende of his life in the tyme of Innocentius the .vii. The yere of our lorde M. CCCC.v After his example other counterfetted a resemblant of perfeccion namyng theÌ„ selues Hieronimians wearyng their cloothes of whyte and a coope playted aboue ouer their coate girde with a leather gyrdel There were also certayne Heremites called Hierominians of the foundacion of one Charles Grauel of Florence which made him selfe an Hermite of the same religion in the mouÌ„taynes of Fessulus other there
be y t say one Redo earle of mount Granel did institute them in Fessulus in the tyme of Gregorye the .xii. Yet there be that say that the originall of this brotherhod was instituted of Hierom in deserte that Eusebius of Cremona with other deuoute and holy men whiche kept conuersacion with him did enlarge and augment the familie of that profession As concernyng the Channons reguler ther be two opinions for some saye that Austen by and by after he was created byshoppe broughte hys Chānons in this rule and fourme of liuyng wherin they haue bene so lōg trayned and noseled vp other some bragge and make their vaunt that it was deuised of the Apostles and of this opinion was Thomas of Aquine But howsoeuer the matter go Austen was doubtles ether the inuentour of the secte or renewer of it and therfore maye be iustlye taken for an autoure of that faction and so was he likewyse of Augustines Hermites The Chanons clothyng was a white cote a linnyn rochet vnder a blacke coape with a scapuler to couer their head and shoulders The Hermites haue a contrary vesture a blacke coat with alike scapuler and another coat of whyte a lether gyrdle Of these there be diuerse orders As y e order of s Sauiour of the scopettines whiche wer ordeined by one Steuen Iames two men of Senes in the tyme of Vrbane the .v. the yere of Christ M.ccc.lxx and Gregory the .xi. by his consent confirmed thē in their hipocrisie The Frisonaries is another brood which began among the Hetrurians in the countie of Luces that is other wise called lateraneuse by the diuise of Iames Britiane in y e tyme of Ihō the .xxiiii. the yere of Christ M. cccc.xii thei were amplified encreased bi Eugenius the .iiii. The .iii. order is titled y e brethred of s Gregory de Alga this was ordeyned at Venece by Laurence Iustinian in the time of Innocencius the .vii. y e yere of our lord M cccc vii with diuers other orders whiche forsomuche as they rise sodēly like toad stoles in a raine I wyl omit thē Bruno of Colen y e red sometime the philosophi lecture at Paris did institute the Charterhouse monkes in the diocese of Gracianopolis at a place named Cartusia in the yere of our lord M.lxxx vnder Gregorye the .vii. their life was outwardly ful of painted holines in forbering flesh fasting bread and water eueri friday ful of solitarines muche silence euer pinned in and women were banished out of the house with other semblable ceremonies The Carmelites or white friers wer as some say begon in mount Carmelus after the example of Helias y e prophet which liued their lōg solitary they wer fyrst assēbled together by Almericus B. of Antioch y e yere of our lord M.clxx in y e time of Alexander the .iii. they wer so called our Lady friers of a chapel of our lady y t was in y e hil Carmelus Neuertheles vpon cccc yeares after in the tyme of Innocentius the third they were reformed by Albartus byshop of Hierusalem accordyng to the rule of Basilius and the colowre of their coape was turned into whyte by Honorius the third where afore it was russet The order of Pemōstratenses was instituted in the diocesse of Laudune by Northbergus a priest and the preceptes of that couent were gathered out of s Austens rules and admitted for good by Calixtus the seconde in the yere of our lorde M.C.xx. The Crouch or crosse Friers began about the yere of our lorde M.cc.xv. by the diuise of Cyriacus bishoppe of Hierusalem whiche shewed Helene mother of Constantine wher y e crosse lay hyd And in memorial of y e crosse he caused this brotherhod colledge of Friers to beare the crosse And yet they neuer knew what y e crosse weied in their bodyes or in their heartes forsomuche as they were sore wasted Innocentius the .iii. renewed the religion The .iiii. Chapiter ¶ Blacke and Gray friers the Trinite order Brigidians Iesuates new Hermites and Bonhomes ABOVTE the tyme of Innocentius the third arose two famouse founders of two supersticious sectes I meane Dominicke the Spaniarde and Frauncis the Italian of the countrie of Vmbria Dominicke at the fyrst was a Chanon but bycause he could not suffre to haue a superior and was also wery of the cloyster he inuented a newe fraternite named Dominicans black Friers or Friers preachers bycause they had the charge to preache y e Gospel without mixture of any pharisaical leauen The newe guyse of their vesture made innocente Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the .iii. by his bulle honorably admytted them the yeare of our lorde M.CC.xx. and Gregory the ninth putte the matter out of all doubt canonised Dominicke and by his bulle vnder lead alowed him for a sainct Frauncesse that was fyrst of y e friers Austens thinkyng that secte not to be sufficiently furnished with hipocrisie beganne a newe trade of liuyng in the mounte Appoeninus in a place named cōmonly Iauerna doubtles a ground worthy for suche a foūdacion as was besyde the worde of God it was set vp in the tyme of Honorius aforesayd They were named Minores of the humilitie lowlynes of hart that thei shuld haue but that was smally regarded furthest from their study Two yeres after y t was the yere of oure Lorde M.CC.xxix Frauncisse was sanctified by Gregory made a sainct Fraunciscanes afterward fel at cōtencion for the rules of their profession They that fayled somewhat of y e vnperfecte perfection of them retayned the name of Minorites styl the other titled them selues obseruauntes more worthy to be called obstinate The latter felowes were broughte into England by kyng Edwarde the iiii were greatly enhaunced by the famouse prince kyng Henry the .vii. At the same tyme was Clara the Vyrgyn countrie woman to sayncte Frauncisse whiche was a great foundresse of Nunnes of y e same rule that Frauncesse gaue his couent of them sprōg the basterde penitencers in the dayes of Iohn the .xxii. and the yere of our lord M.CCC.xv The order of the Trinite vnder the sayd Innocentius was begonne by Iohn Marta and Felyx Anachorita in Fraunce in the countrie of Meldine Then also was founded or els not long after in the tyme of Martin the fourth the brotherhod of Mayres seruauntes by one Philip of Florencia a Phisician and Benedicte the .xi confirmed it in the yere of our Lorde M.CCC.lxxxv The order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a wyddowe that was princesse of Sueta vnder Vrbane the .v. in the yeare of oure Lorde M.ccc.lxx it was aswell of men as women albeit thei dwelled seuerally by them selues The familie of Iesuites was the inuēcion of Iohannes Colūbinus in the citie of Senes in the time of the same Vrbane the yere of
Minerua at Rome in his tyme. They were brought into Italy by Euander the Archadiens whiche came into Italy to enhabite there as Ouide telleth in his booke De fastis The Hetrurians had also a fourme of letters by them selfes wherin the youth of Rome was enstructed as well as in the Greke letters whiche one Demaratus a Corinthian taught the Hetrurians And like as the Grecians had enlarged the nombre of theyr letters so the Italyans folowyng theyr example put to theirs f. k. q. x. y. z. h. whiche h. is no letter but a signe of asperacion f. they receiued of the Aeolians whiche both among the olde Romaynes Aeolians had the same sound pronunciacion that p. w t an asperacion hath whiche we vse in writyng Greke wordes And afterward Claudius Caesar as Quintiliane writeth appoineted y t it shuld be taken in the place of v. consonant as fulgus for vulgus fixit for vixit And euen so oure Englishemen vse to speake in Essere for they say fineger for vineger feale for veale coÌ„trary wise a vore for a fore voure for foure And by processe of tyme it was vsed for ph in Latyne woordes k. was borowed of the Grekes but no good auctoure vseth it in writyng Latyn q. was added because it hath a grosser sounde then c. The letter x. wee had also out of Grece although as Quintiliane iudgeth we might well forbere it in somuche y t they vsed for it ether c. s. or g. s. Lykewise y. and z were fet from the Grecians be vsed of vs onely to write Greke wordes ⧠The .vii. Chapiter ☞ The inuencion of Grammer NEXTE the letters the inuencion of Grammer must ordinaryly succede both because it is the fouÌ„dacion ground wheron al other scieÌ„ces rest also for asmuche as it taketh y e name of leters For GraÌ„ma in Greke signifieth a letter in English GraÌ„mer is an art that doth coÌ„sâ—st in speakyng and writyng without faulte so that euery worde haue his due letters and is diuided after the mynde of Quintiliane into twoo partes the waye to speake congruite and declaryng of Poetes As Tully writeth ther is required in gramariens the declaracioÌ„ of Poetes the knowlage of histories exposicion of wordes and a certaine vtteraunce of pronunciacion It had the beginnyng of markyng and obseruyng what was moost fytte or vnfittyng in communicacion whiche thyng menne counterfettyng in their speache made this arte euen as Rhethorike was perceiued For it is the duetie bothe of Grammariens and oratours to haue a regarde respecte howe to speake Hermippus saieth that Epicurus fyrst taught the arte of Grammer and Plato espyed and perceiued fyrst the commoditee profette of it In Rome it was nothyng estemed tyl one Crates Malotes was sent by kyng Attalus to the senate to teache it betwene the second thirde battailles of Punike a lytle afore the death of Ennius y e Poete It is of all other sciences the moost speciall for it sheweth a meane way to attayne all the rest of the faculties and artes Neither can a man come or attain to any excellencie in any arte onelesse he haue fyrst his principles of Grammer perfectly knowen and throughly perceiued Therfore in olde tyme Grammariens were called iudges and allowers of all other writers for that cause they were called Critici In this excelled Didimus and Antonius Enipho whose schole Marcus Cicero resorted vnto diuerse tymes after this affayres of the lawe were ended Nigidius Figulus Marcus Varro Marcus Valerius Probus the arrogant Palemon with many other Of the Grekes Aristarcus Aristotle and Theodoces were chiefe ¶ The .viii. Chapiter ¶ Of Poetrie and Meter and sundery kyndes of the same POETRIE is a goodly arte aswell because no other discipline can bee perceyued excepte a manne studie it vehemently for it comprehendeth al other sciences as for that where other faculties be deuised by the pregnance of mannes witte this art onely is geuen of nature by a diuine inspiracion w tout whiche Democritus affirmeth ther could neuer be excellente Poete for it procedeth not of art or preceptes but of a natural inspiracion and spiritual power And therfore Ennius called Poetes holy because they be by a special prerogatiue coÌ„mended praised to vs of God The beginnyng of this arte is very ancient and as Eusebius saieth it florished fyrst among the Hebrues that were long afore the Grekes For Moses the great capitain of the Iewes what time he led them out of Egypte into the land of promise passyng the red sea which by the power of GOD gaue place to them inspired by the holy ghost made a song of Exameter verses to rendre thankes to God for that benefite AND Dauid the holy Prophete of GOD after he was dispatched of all his affayres to warre and escaped the assaultes and daungers of treason liuyng in great peace deuised many pleasaunt balades and tuneable Hymnes of the praise of God in sundery kyndes of Meter For as samet Ierome saieth the Psalter of Dauid goeth in as good nombre and measures as either y e Greke Planudes or y e Latine Horacius sometyme in Alcaeus nombers sometyme in the meter of Sappho sometyme w t halfe measures What is godlyer then the song of Moses in Deutronomie and of Esaias more auncient then Salamon more perfecte theÌ„ Iob And we maye worthely ascribe the inuencion of it to the Hebrues but in deede Orpheus and Linus and after them Homere and Hesiodus dyd fyrst polyshe and adorne the Arte with all kynde of furnature The Romaynes receiued it not tyll of latter tyme for Liuius Andronicus as Tully wryteth CCCCC xiii yere after the cytie was builded Caius Claudius CeÌ„to and Marcus Tuditanus beyng coÌ„sulles set furth the fyrste Enterlude or fable a yeare before Ennius was borne Afore those dayes it was had in suche dispyte that if one had professed him selfe to be a Poete he was takeÌ„ for a murtherer or ruffian The beginner of meter was God whiche proporcioned the world with all the contentes of the same with a certain order as it were a meter for there is noone as Pithagoras taught that douteth but that there is in thynges heauenly and yearthly a kynd of armonye and oneles it were gouerned with a fourmal concorde and discribed nombre howe could it long continue Al other instrumeÌ„tes that we occupye be all fashioned by a maner of measure And Diodorus assigneth the inuencion of Meter whiche the Poetes fulfilled with a spiritual influence vse in their workes to Iupiter as to almightie God Of Meters there be diuers kindes that hath theyr name either of the thyng that is discribed therin as heroical Meter is so called of the valiaunt deades of armes of noble men that be coÌ„teined in it wherin also Apollo gaue his Oracles therfore Plinie saieth we haue that Meter of Pithius Oracle
or of the inuentoure as Aesclepiadical or of the quantitee as Iambus because it standeth of a shorte and a long whiche Archilocus founde fyrst or of the nombre of feete as Exameter and Pentameter whiche is also called Elegiacal the sheppeheardes songes Daphnis the sonne of Mercurie founde and other diuysed other songes whiche I let passe for my purpose is only to speke of the Inuentours of the Meter and not to persecute the particulars ¶ The .ix. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of Tragedies Comedies Satyres and newe Comedies TRAGEDIES and comedies had their beginning of the oblacions as Diodorus writeth whiche in olde tyme men deuoutly offered for their fruytes to Bacchus For as the aulters were kyndeled with fyre and the Goate leyed on it the quyre in honoure of Bacchus songe this Meter called a Tragedie It was named so either because a Gote whiche in Greke is called Tragos was the rewarde appoynted for him that was auctour of the song or because a Goate whiche is noyefull to the vynes whereof Bacchus was fyrst inueÌ„tour was sacrificed to Liber or of the groundes or dregges whiche in Greke is called Tryx with the whiche stage Players vsed to paynte their face afore that Eschilus diuised vâ—sers The beginner of them after the mynde of Horace was Thespis albeit Quintilianus saith Eschilus setfurth fyrst openlye Tragedies afore any other Sophocles Euripides dyd furnishe them more galantly In Rome Liuius Andronicus made the fyrst Tragedie wherin Accius Pacuuius Ouidius and Seneca excelled The Comedies began what tyme the Atheniens beyng not yet assembled into y e Cytie the youth of that couÌ„try vsed to syng solempne verses at feastes abrode in the villages and high wayes for to get monye they were so named of the Greke worde Comos for bankettyng or Come a strete and Ode a song Albeit it is vncertaine among the Grecians who founde it fyrst In this kynde of writyng Aristophanes Eupolis Cratinus bare the price of the Romanes Liuius Andronicus founde it fyrst In a Tragedie noble parsonages as Lordes Dukes Kynges and Emperours be brought in with an highe style In a comedie amorous daliaunce matters of loue deflouryng of maydens be conteyned Heuynes is apropried vnto a Tragidie and therefore when kyng Archilaus desyred Euripides to write a Tragidie of him be denied it wishyng that neuer suche thyng should chaunce to him as should be worthy of a Tragedye for it hath euer a myserable ende and a Comodie hath a ioyful ende A Satyre is a poesy rebukyng vyces sharpely not regardyng any persons There be two kyndes of Satyres the one is bothe among the Grekes and Romanes of auncient tyme vsed for the diuersytie of Meters muche like a Comodye sauyng that it is more wanton Demetrius of Tharsus and one Menippus a bondeman whom Marcus Varro did counterfeit were writers in this kynde The seconde maner of Satyres is verye railyng onely ordeyned to rebuke vyce and deuysed of the Romaynes vpon this occasion When the Poetes that wrot the olde Comodies vsed to handle for theyr argumentes not onely fayned matters but also thynges done in dede whiche although at the fyrst it was tollerable yet afterwarde it fortuned by reason that they inueyhed so liberally and largely at their pleasure against euery maÌ„ that there was a law made that no man should from thencefurth reprehend any maÌ„ by name Then the Romaynes in the place of those Comodies substituted suche Satyres as they had newly imagined Then also began y e new Comedie whiche coÌ„cerneth generally all men of meane estate and hath lesse bitternes and railyng but more pleasauntnes and pastime for the auditours Of this Menander and Philemon were auctours whiche aswaged all the crabbednesse of the olde writynges Of them learned Cicilius Neuius Plautus and Terentius the fourme to compyle Comodies albeit as Quintiliane saieth thâ—y vnneth attayned to the least portion of theyr patrone because the latin tong is not so fyt to receyue the ornamentes of eloquencie as the Greke tong is The Satyres had theyr name of vplandyshe goddes that were rude lassiuious and wanton of behauour In this fourme of writyng Lucilius Horatius Persius Inuenalis obtayned great fame and praise ⧠The .x. Chapiter ¶ The deuisers of Hystories Prose and Rhethorike HYSTORIES of all other writynges be mooste commendable because it infourmeth all sortes of people with notable examples of liuyng and doth excite noble men to ensue suche actiuite in enterprises as they reade to haue bene doone by their auncestours and also discorageth dehorteth wicked persons from attemptyng of any haynouse deede or cryme knowyng that suche actes shalbe regestred in perpetual memory to the praise or reproche of the doers accordyng to the deserte of their endeuoures Plinie writeth that Cadmus Milesius fyrst wrote hystories among the Grecians whiche conteined y e gestes of Cirus kyng of Persia Albeit Iosephus supposeth it to bee more probable that Hystories were begonne by the olde writers of the Hebrues as in the time of Moses whiche wrote the lyues of many of the eldest Hebrues and the creacion of the worlde or elles to the priestes of Egypte and Babilon For the Egyptians Babilonians haue bene of longest continuaunce verye diligente in settyng furthe thynges in writyng insomuche y t their priestes were specially appoineted to applye theim selues to that purpose of puttyng in writyng suche thynges as were worthy to be had in memory As concernyng the fyrst writers of Prose I cannot holde with Plinie whiche saieth Pheresides a Syrian wrote fyrst proâ—e in the tyme of kyng Sirus For it is no doubt but he that wrote hystories wrote also prose first and Pheresides was long after Moses whiche was ccccccc.lxxxviii yeres afore Ioathan kyng of the Ieues In whose tyme the Olimpiades beganne and this Pheresides as Eusebius wryteth was but in the tyme of the fyrst Olimpiade Of the Gretians Xenophon Thusidites Herodotus Theopompus floryshed most in writyng histories of the Romanes Titus Liuius Caius Crispius Salustius with dyuerse other were had in highe estimacion Afore that tyme they vsed Annals or Cronicles whiche contayne onely the geastes and factes of euery daye seuerally The fyrst office of an historiographer is to write no lye the seconde that he shal conzel no trueth for fauoure displeasure or feare The perfection of an historie resteth in matter and wordes The order of the matter requyreth obseruaunce of tymes discripcions of places the maners lyues of men theyr behauoures purposes occacions dedes saiynges casualtes acheuynges finishyng of thynges The tenour of the wordes asketh a brefe perspicuite and syncere trueth with moderate and peaceable ornamentes We may be sure that by and by after men were formed thei receiued of God the vse of speche wherein what tyme they perceyued some wordes to be profitable and some hurtefull in vtteryng of theim they appoynted and
common wealth ROME whiche was of al the worlde the moost renoumed cytee bothe for y e valiaunce of armes and ciuile policie whereby it was gouerned had thre fourmes of regimentes In the beginnyng it hadde kynges for Romulus whiche was builder thereof reigned there after him .vi. other vnder whom the principalitee lasted CC.xliiii yeares after the cytie was buylded Then Tarquinius beyng banished for the notable cryme and rape of Lucretia commytted by his sonne it was ordered by .ii. coÌ„suls Iunius Brutus L. Tarquinius Colatinus They had the name and title of coÌ„suls of the coÌ„sultacion prouision that they made for the coÌ„mon wealth they ruled the empyre coÌ„ducted hostes and by these offycers because they were annual y e yeares were counted Not .xii. yeres after the expulsyng of the kynges when .xl. cyties of the Latines Octauius Manilius sonne in lawe to Tarquinius beyng theyr capitayne had made insurrection and conspired agaynst the Romaynes T. Largius was created dictator or great master whiche offyce was highest in auctoritee and as Dionisius thynketh it was takeÌ„ of the Grekes among whoÌ„ Elymnetae had the same power that Dictators had in Rome Liuius referreth the original of theÌ„ to y e Albanes y e CarthaginieÌ„s had also theyr dictators This magistrate was neuer vsed sauyng in great daungers of the common welth it continued but .vi. monethes duryng that offyce al other magistrates were abrogated except the Tribunate or Prouostship of the coÌ„mons The consuls duetye was to name and proclaime him and that no tyme but in the night albeit what tyme the Veients had wonne y e Romaynes campe A. Cornelius Cosus Marshal of the armye nede so coÌ„strainyng denounced Mamercus Aemilius for Dictatour coÌ„trary to that statute Aboute thre huÌ„dreth yere after the buildyng of Rome y e publike state was transferred from the coÌ„sulshyp vnto the rule of tenne called decem viri whiche endured but thre yeres for by reason of the outragiouse lust of Appius Claudius against the mayd Virginea thei were desposed consuls were substituted to supplye theyr roume Then the CCC.x yere of the cytie in the place of Consuls were chosen marshals or prouostes of armyes whoÌ„ they named Tribunes Aulus SeÌ„pronius Attacinus L. Attilius LoÌ„gus T. Celicius Siculus The auctorytee of the commons beganne daylye sedicions and confederaties to encrease In suche sorte y e C. Cunuleius brought to passe that the coÌ„minaltee maried with the nobilitie and the Tribunes by theyr earnest instance and sute caused that the highe offyces were permitted to theÌ„ of the coÌ„mon sorte As the .ccc.lv. yere of the buyldyng of the Cytie P. Licinius Caluus was made tribune of the host the CCC.lxxxix yere L. Sextus Lateranus attayned the consulshyp the .ccc.xcix. yere C. Martius Lateranus was created Dictator From this maner of gouernaunce it was by Sylla and Marius brought to one rular or prince agayne Thus hath Rome had al kindes of administracion of the coÌ„mon welth The emperiall ornamentes of the kynges of Rome as fardels of roddes the aâ—e the garlond of gold the chayre of Iuory the kyrtyl or cope chariot trapped horses rynges coote armoures robes mantels of estate enbrodered gounes with garmentes of baudkyn or motley with all other royal apparell beganne among the Tuscanes whiche Tarquinius Priscus subdued and vsed these fyrst by the permission and licence of the Senate The .xii. lictours or sergeantes Romulus fyrst appointed after the maner of the .xii. nacions of the Hetrurians whoÌ„ he coÌ„quered whiche gaue to euery of their kynges when he was crouned a lictour or sergeant whose dutie was to wayte on the magistrates bere the roddes are of execucion The roddes as Plinie writeth were of byrche The institucion of taxes or nomberyng the people Seruius â–ª Tullius kyng begaÌ„ne in Rome fyrst but Moses long afore that noÌ„bred the Israelites therfore the fyrst taxe subsidie or tribute was ordeyned by Moses among the Hebrues and the couÌ„tyng of the nombre of the people Prysons fetters stockes gyues staues with lyke instrumeÌ„tes to punishe malefactours Ancus Martius as Liuie saieth did fyrst appoint theÌ„ to kepe men in feare and good order The .iiii. Chapiter ¶ Who ordered the yere the diuersite of it monthes nones Ides halendes and prime HERODOTVS writeth that the Egyptians afore all other men fyrst found out the yere by the course of the planettes and deuided into twelue monthes Diodorus assigneth it to y e Thebanes whiche staÌ„deth wel with the opinion of Heredotus because y e Thebanes be a nacion of Egypt and Egypt was somtyme named Thebe Seruius saieth that Eudoxus founde it fyrst after him Hipparchus Laertius semeth to ascribe it to Thales a Milesian whiche as he testifyeth fyrst perceiued the seasons and times of the yere and parted it into CCC.lxv daies but that as I thynke was but onely among the Grecians Iosephus witnesseth that y e yere was diuised by the Hebrues in Egypt afore Noe his flud There be diuerse fashions of diuidyng the yere the Archadiens finished their yere in thre monthes the Cariens Acarneus in .vi. monthes There was a yere that consisted in .xxx. daies whiche was couÌ„ted by the chauÌ„ge of the moone there was also y e great yere y t ended when all the planettes returned into one poincte or lyne after the mynde of Cicero it conteyned .xii. M. nyne C.liiii yeres of the sonne Iosephus in the fyrst of his antiquitie sayth it coÌ„teyneth but sixe hundreth yere The other Grecians nombred the ful yere with CCC.liii daies Romulus fyrst deuided the yeare into ten monethes whereof Marche that he named of his father was fyrst April the secoÌ„d had that name of Venus because she was borne of the frothe of the sea whiche is called Aphros Maye of the auncient men Iune of the yong men The other he named of their order and nombre as quintilis sextilis SepteÌ„bre October Nouembre December Albeit afterwarde Quintilis was called Iulius in honor of Iulius Caesar and Sextilis was chaunged into Augustus for the memoriall of the emperour Augustus Caesar Not withstandyng for so muche as this yere that Romulus ordered did neither agree to the course of y e soÌ„ne nor chauÌ„ges of the Mone Numa applied it to the course of the Moone by puttyng to .lvi. dayes whereof he made ii monethes the one he named Ianuary of Ianus the fyrst king of the Latines y e other February of theyr god Februus whiche had the preemineÌ„ce â—uâ—t their purificacions Afterward Numa of a supersticious opinion y t he had suposyng God to be delighted with odde noÌ„bres gaue to Ianuary April Iune August Septembre Nouembre December .xxix. dayes To Marche Maye Quintilis y t is Iuly and October .xxxi. and to February xxviii daies Last of al Iulius Caesar put to the whole yere .x. dayes syxe houres wherof he put
should bee withoute filth in their quoridian sacrifices THE significacion of the priestes crounes is to declare that thei ought to reiecte terrene and yearthely substaunce reseruyng to theimselfes only a compitente sufficience Anacletus first forbad priestes to haue beardes or long side heire Siricius decreed that all those men that were twyse maried or wedded a widdowe should bee no prieste Anastasius coÌ„maunded that none that was lame or maymed should bee admitted to bee a priest Bonifacius instituted that no manne could bee a priest afore he wer thirty yeres olde for that was the age of pristes in the olde lawe But the counsail of Laterane thought it sufficient if he were xxv yeres olde after the example of the Leuites whiche at that age ministred in the tabernacle Anacletus also appoyncted that euery Bishoppe should bee stalled and consecrated of their other auncient bishoppes ¶ The .vi. Chapiter ¶ Who diuised Parishes and Dioceses the order of Cardinalles Notaries and Chamberlaynes AFTER that the priesthod was ordaigned bothe least the cure should bee ouer greate and also that euery manne mighte know what his charge was and how farre his office extended Dionisius y â— yere of our lorde cc.lxvii deuided bothe in Rome and other places churches churcheyardes and parishes to curates and dioceses to bishoppes and commaunded that euery manne should bee contented with his prescript bondes But a fore that Euaristus appoinâ—ted titles of cures to y e priestes in Rome whose dutie was to christen all that wer coÌ„uerted from Paganisme to christeÌ„ religion and resorted thither to receiue the faith and to bury the dedde And afterwarde Marcellus decreed that there should bee .xxv. in number THESE bicause thei wer y e chief priestes in Rome and had the prerogatiue afore the rest wer named Cardinalles and of them without doubt the ordre of Cardinalles sprong first whiche for somuche as thei were in daiely presence with the bishoppe of Rome that then had the primacie of christendome wer had in great reputacion and reuerence And Innocencius the fourth of that name whiche was aboute the yere of our lorde M twoo hundred fiftie and foure willyng to augmente and auaunce their dignity commaunded by decree that from thencefurthe thei should ryde when thei came to the bishoppes palace and were a redde hatte wherby was mente that thei oughte to bee in arâ—dinesse too auenture theimselfes for the lawe of religion and spende their bloudde in Christes cause And Paulus bishoppe ordained that thei should haue scarlet roabes or kittelles This order standeth of three sortes for some bee bishoppes and be in numbre sixe The Cardinalles of Hostia Sabine Portua Tuculane Praenestine and Albane the other were either priestes or deacons albeeit in no certain or speciall numbre But there is another order in Roome of Notaries whiche were appoyneted by Iulius the firste of that name too write the actes of all godly martyrs and confessoures and registre theim for a perpetual example of constante verteous liuyng Albeeit I thinke it rather to bee the inuencion and diuise of Clemente whiche ordained seuen Notaries too enrolle the notable deedes of Martyres And Antherius after did more firmely ratify it Also Leo the firste a godly and well disposed manne seyng the people repaire thither from all partes of the worlde for pardon appoyncted certain officers of the priestes whom he named Chamberlaynes too kepe the toumbes and sepulchres of the Apostelles and Martyres that thei perceiuyng the holy reuereÌ„ce aboute the Apostelles graues mighte bee more enflammed with deuocion BVT all suche offices bee nowe peruerted and turned froÌ„ that godly purpose to vain worldely ostentacion and pompe bee redy marchandise in Rome the promocions be so great ⧠The .vii. Chapiter ¶ The prerogatiues of the bishoppe of Roome and his eleccion ONE special prerogatyue and preuiledge of y e bishopp of Rome is y t he maie chaunge his name if it seme to hym not very pleasaunte too his earâ—s As if it bee a malefactor he maie call his name Bonifacius if he bee a coward he maie be called Leo for a carter Vrbanus and for a cruell manne Clemens This was the ordinaunce of Sergius and thei saie thei dooe it after the example of Christe whiche chaunged Simon Bariona his name into Peter And of this it came too passe that euery bishoppe when he was elected chose the name of one of his predicessoures THE bishoppe of Rome is also borne on mennes shulders whiche custome came of the eleccion of Stephanus the seconde whom the people for his greate vertue and godlinesse with muche ioye of the eleccion bare on their shulders The maner of the pompe of bearyng was admitted but the counterferryng and folowyng of his vertue and syncere liuyng was omitted Albeeit it mighte spryng of a gentle custome that was â—mong the Romaines that euery riche manne or highe potestate should bee borne of hâ—s seruauntes in a bed THE authoritee too chose the bishoppe of Rome belonged firste too the Emperoure of Constantinople the deputie of Italy till the tyme of the Emperour Constantyne whiche licenced the Cardinalles and the people of Rome to elect hym This was aboute the yere of Christ cccccc foure score fiue A fewe yeres after Gregory the thirde with other his successoures when thei were vexed by the Lumberdes seyng thei could not haue redy helpe of the Emperoure of CoÌ„stantinople required aide of Charles Marcelâ—e Pippin and Charles the great kyng of Fraunce For whiche benefites Leo the thirde made and denounced Charlemayne Emperoure and gaue hym authoritee to ratify and confirme the eleccioÌ„ of the bishop of Rome but Nicolas y e secoÌ„d restrayned the eleccion onely too the Cardinalles whiche custome remaineth at this daie THE greate possessions that the bishoppes of Rome hath contrary to the example of Christe whose vicars thei name theimselfes and Peters pouertie their predecessoure wer gyuen them by Charles and Lewes emperoures And yet notwithstandyng all that large benignitee and kyndenesse shewed too hym and his auncetoures Ihon the twelfe made Otho kyng of Germany Emperoure and afterward Gregori the third a Germaine borne bycause too gratifie the Emperoure his countree manne decreed that the bishoppes of Magunce Treuerence and Colyne the Merques of Brandbrough the countie Palatyne Duke of Saxone and Kyng of Boemie should haue ful power to chose the Emperoure Aboute the yere of our Lorde one thousande and twoo THVS the bishoppes of Roome haue been enhaunced in worldly power that thei thynke theimselfes equall with Princes Kynges and Emperoures But as it was falsely vsurped so shall it by the woorde of GOD bee roted out and extirped as an vnprofitable tree The .viii. Chapiter ¶ The deuidyng of Priestes into suÌ„dry degrees a maner of sweryng and excomunicacion GREGORY surnamed the greate where afore tyme Priestes and chiefe Priestes were
effect emōg y e priestes of the Weste parties vntill the tyme of Gregory the seueth whiche was the yere of our lorde M.lxxiiii AND here Polydore protesteth that the syngle life of priestes dooeth more harme to the religion shame to the ordre and griefe to honest menne then their constrained chastite profiteth if thei wer restored to the libertie and chose it were no preiudice to the christen common wealth and honesty for the ordre In the beginnyng menne maried their sisters and kinswomen but Moses restrained theim of the Hebrues from the first and seconde degrees and Fabianus forbad the third and fourth whiche custome stādeth now in effect Theodorus did inhibite first that a manne might not mary that mayde to whō his father was a godfather It was confirmed firste by Gregory and after by Alexander the third that no man should mary his brothers wife lest it should bee thought to be a counterfet of the Hebrues Lamech was the first that euer had two wiues whose example many other ensued afterwarde The custome of purifiyng was taken of y e Hebrues but there is no daie or time appoincted for it Neuerthelesse for an honest order thei vse cōmonly not to be purified afore the moneth daie then with a few honest matrōs she cōmeth accompained to the church offereth a waxe taper the chrisome ⧠The .v. Chapiter ¶ Of the temples churcheyardes when the crosse was firste had in reuerence IN the old testement Moses sette vp a tabernacle curiously edified to God wherin supplicacion and intercessiō was made to hym for the sinnes of the people And in that he made the Arke of couenaūt in the whiche he put the twoo tables of stone conteignyng the lawe of the ten commaundementes Aarons rod and the potte of Manna After hym Salomō kyng of the Hebrues made at Hierusalē a temple of costly araie and sumptuously wrought I cannot to saie trueth perfectely tell where the firste churche of christen menne was buylded but by all coniecture it semeth that it was made of the Apostles either in Ethiopia where Matthewe preached or in lower Inde where Bartholomewe taughte or in Scythia where Andrewe shewed the worde of God Where thei doubtles either caused newe churches too bee edified or els transposed the idolles temples to serue the christen mennes vse abolishyng supersticion plantyng the true religiō of Christ Albeit it were not against reason to suppose there was a temple or hous of praier appoyncted by Iames at Hierusalē IN Rome the first that I reade of was cōsecrated by Pius bishoppe of Rome in the strete called Patricius at Nouatus bathes in honour of the virgin Prudentia at the requeste and suite of Praxedis her sister And after Calistus made a temple to the virgin Mari in a place beyōde Tyberis and instituted a churcheyarde in Appius strete and called it after his owne name notwithstandyng Abraham was the first that made any place of buriall in Hebron where he bought of Ephron an Hethite y e double caue for thre hundred sicles of siluer with the grounde aboute it and ther was Sara his wife and he himself buried NOHA buylded the firste alter and offered vpō it a burned sacrifice to the lord And Bonifacius the third caused that thei wer couered with linen clothes Constantinus when he had wonne the battaill against Maxentius by reason of a vision that he sawe of the crosse the daie of the battaill ordained that from thēce furth no manne should suffre death on the crosse And so in processe of tyme it was had in muche reuerēce and worship And Theodosius made a lawe that there should no Image of the crosse bee grauen in stone marble or in yearth lest men should tread on it Helene Constantines mother a verie vertuouse woman repaired too Hierusalem to seke the crosse of our lord where with greate laboure and diligence she found it and with it the other twoo whereon the theues were hanged but it was easy to perceiue Christe his crosse by the title whiche then did remain albeeit sore wasted and corrupted with antiquitee ¶ The .vi. Chapiter ¶ Of the auncient rite of sacrificyng feastfull daies dedicatyng temples the mistery of Fire holy Water CAIN and Abell the two sonnes of our first father Adam offered in sacrifice to GOD the firste fruites of their goodes Abell his oblacion was milke Cain his gyfte was corne Afterward whē the priesthode was ordained Aaron and his sonnes offered diuerse thynges with sundry ceremonies whiche be shewed at large in the boke of Leuiticus The Gētiles almoste all sacrificed to y e idols men or women after sundry rites as appeareth in the histories Gentile auctours And if it fortune that thei omitted any suche abhominable idolatry thei had greate punishment destrucciō of their fruite corrupcion of their waters infeccion of y e aire deth of catel greate droughtes womē had eiuill deliueraunce with many suche plages as Dionisius Hilicarnasseus witnesseth which the spirites of the aire procured to delude seduce men and confirme theim in their errour THE holy daies emong the Iewes were diuerse as the Sabboth daie the feaste of y e newe Moone the passeouer the feaste of swete breade Pentecost the feast of Tabernacles the dedicaciō daie whiche bee al shewed largely in the olde Testament The vsage of dedicating churches is of great antiquitie for Moses did sacrifice the tabernacle Salomon consecrated the temple that he buylded at Hierusalem And Esdras after when thei returned from the captiue of Babilō hallowed the temple newe again Of them we receiue our rite of hallowyng of churches albeit we haue mo ceremonies thē thei had FIRE was kepte continually on the alter by the priestes for without it and salte could no sacrifice bee duly made or ordinarely offred and we in oure Masses haue euer a taper of waxe burnyng And the emperoures of Rome had Fire bourne afore thē the Vestales had euer perpetual Fire in the tēple where thei serued Vesta THE spirites of y e aire that gaue doubtfull answeres to them that required any question of theim wer at the commyng of Christe all destroyed For what tyme he was caried into Egipte whiche is a countree full of supersticion and Idolatry all the Idoles of that region wer ouerthrowē fell to the ground at his commyng thither And in the tyme of Adriane the Emperoure bothe the wicked sacrifices wer abholished and also the oracles of Apollo at Delphos Iupiter Hammon in Egipte with like vanities wer subuerted bi the power of God through his sōne Iesus Christ HOLY water was ordaigned by Alexander the first to be consecrated to driue away spitites and was commaunded that it should bee kepte as well in churches as in priuate houses for thesame vse whereof are growen emong the commō people many supersticiouse erroures contrary to the woorde of
Therefore we must receiue confession for the absolucion sake that is geuen into the handes of the ministers The .ii. Chapiter ¶ Matyns singyng of psalmes by course Legendes of sainctes MATINS with Pryme and houres wer appointed fyrst by Hierom for one Eusebius of Cremona diuerse other that liued with him to y e entent that they might haue certain laudes and praisyng of God to syng in the churches And the fathers and old gouernours of congregacions receyued them folowyng this verse of Dauid in the .c.xix. psal Seuen tymes in y e day haue I geuen and song praise to the. Cipriane writeth that the Pryme and other houres toke their originall of Daniel Whiche after the custome of his countre thrise in y e day mornyng noone euenyng on his knees vsed to praye It was also the rite of the Heathen to haue mornyng prayers for Apuleius saieth that their religious when all thynges were duely finished song salutacions of the newe light and shewed that it was Prime of the daye where he meaneth by salutacions the mornyng songes that we cal Matyns and there declareth howe the houres of the day were sorted and deuided for sacrifices prayers Pelagius the secōd was the fyrst that cōmaunded priestes to say them daily that like as the iust mā falleth vii tymes on the daye so by instante continual praier he might as often ryse and amende Gregorius put to the beginnyng of euery houre Deus in adiutorium and Gloria patri c. Vrbanus the seconde ordayned the lady Mattyns to be sayd dayly and cōfirmed them in the counsel whiche he had at mount Clare in Fraunce The diuision of Dauids psalter in to .vii. partes called nocturnes accordyng to the .vii. dayes in the weke was the worke of Hierome at the request of Damasus bishoppe of Rome whiche also gaue cōmaūdement that it should be redde so in the churches and added Gloria patri to the end of euery psalme The Gloria patri was made in the counsel of Nicene Damasus also instituted that the psalmes should be song and sayd by course Albeit some say Ignatius did deuyse that afore his tyme whiche thyng was learned of Dauid or Asaph for in the olde sinagoge they vsed to syng their psalmes after that sorte but oure singyng is farre from their maner For our singers cry out so loude that we heare nothyng saue a noyse and those that be present can not be edified with the word It wer great furtheraunce to the religion if those singers not far vnlike to Iaies were either vanished out of the temples or elles their syngyng were so modifyed with more sobernesse that the wordes myght be vnderstande to the edifiyng of the layitie whiche is sore blinded with singyng and sound of instrumentes that be not fyt to edifye but to delight the eares This modest singyng was vsed by the holy Athanasius byshop of Alexandria through all his prouince and diocese as Austen witnesseth Damasus commaunded that the cōmon Crede shuld be sayd at euery houre Vitalianus inuented the decente tunes wherein the hymnes be song and ioyned the Organs to them Legendes of sainctes were made the yere of our lorde D.ccc. by Paulus Diaconus and Isuardus a monk at the desire of Charles the great And forsomuche as the persecucions wer so great that in the time of Dioclesian y e emperour there died .xvii. M. christē men within .xxx. daies space thei could not particulerly write al their lyues but made certaine general Legendes of martyres Cōfessours virgyns whiche we now cal the cōmon the fathers cōmaunded those to be red in y e churche on suche sainctes daies Afterward many thinkyng that they should be hearde rather for their muche bablyng sake deuised sundrye maners of praiyng diuerse vses as Benettes mōkes had one vse Barnardes another and Domynickes brethren had one order by thē selues euery prouincial byshop made a seueral vse in his diocese and all were confirmed by the bishoppes of Rome The .iii. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of fastyng almesse Aduent Lent Embryng daies FASTYNGE and Almesse deedes be as sainct Austen saieth the two wynges of praier wherewith it is made strōger and lighter to flye into y e presence of God and be more acceptable in his sight Fastyng hath bene vsed frō the beginnyng of the worlde What tyme the fruite of the tree of knowing good and euyl was forbodden to our fyrst parentes in Paradise bycause by suche abstinence thei myghte obteyne and enioye the felicitie euerlastyng Almesse in lyke maner sprong of the infirmitie and nedines of the nature of men for as thei felte hunger colde nakednes and suche other calamities as be in our mortall lyfe thei were constrayned to desyre aide and succour of other men and of almes Albeit Moses was fyrst that euer prescribed any lawe of gyuyng almes as apereth in the boke of Deutronomie Thys charitable almes must bee so freelye gyuen that we exempte none from the vse and part takyng of it and as the scripture sayth without respecte of parsonnes As for fastyng of that original proceded further for the vse of flesh and wyne from Adam tyl the time of Noha was vnknowne And Moses forbare meate fortie dayes and Helias dyd lykewyse Our sauioure Christe fasted the same space And God pardoned the Niniuites of their crimes because they fasted with repētaunce The Iewes also in their lawe so ofte as they either asked any benifite of God or would pacifie his wrath or render thankes for his benefytes or kept any solemne feastes vsed commonly to fast And certees he kepeth 〈◊〉 the true fast whiche forbeareth 〈◊〉 or forgoeth his supper but he that mynysheth his affections abateth his anger swageth hys pryde modifieth his desires mortifieth his lustes suffereth paciently all aduersitie that chaunseth to him that mā is the true faster Albeit the other is a coadiutoure to that thyng and helpeth muche that purpose Therfore to the intent we myght reclayme suche corrupcions of oure olde Adam The Apostles dyd ordeyne the fast of Lente as Hierome in a pistle to Mercella doth playnely declare Wherfore they that referre it to Telesphorus be foulye disceyued for he dyd not institute it fyrst but appoint that it should be kepte afore the Easter And added another weke to it that we cal Quinquagesima This weke he commaunded priestes to fast more then the layitie bicause y t thei which ought to be holier then the rest shuld in this ordinarye fast shewe more abstinence thē other The Apostles also instituted that .iii. wekes afore y e Natiuite of our Lord named Christmas shuld be solemnely fasted which cōstitucion was a while kept vniuersally but afterward it was resigned to the monkes and religious persons Calistus or as some thynke Vrbanus dyd begyn the Embringdaies quarterly for the preseruacion and amplificacion of fruites ordayned for the sustenaunce of man
clothes The white coloure was thought fittest for the dedde bicause it is clere pure and syncer and leaste defiled and when the tyme of their wepyng was expired thei put on their other vestures Of this ceremonie as I take it the Frenche quenes toke occasion after the death of their housebandes the kynges too weare onely white clothyng and if there bee any suche widdowe she is commonly called the white quene The Iewes ended their mournyng after .xxx. daies and Englishe men kepe the same rite The mournyng garmentes for the moste parte bee altogether of blacke colour and thei vse to weare theim a whole yere continually onlesse it bee bicause of a generall triumphe or reioysyng or newe magistrate chosyng orels when thei bee toward mariage But the custome of mournyng is no other thyng then mere supersticion specially if womeÌ„ or men haue a â—ouryng loke and a laughyng herte For all suche lameÌ„tacioÌ„ helpeth nothyng the dedde corps or solle of the deceased and disquieteth sore the liuyng THE maner of washyng ded bodies and specially of noble men and anoyntyng theÌ„ was receiued of our auncetrie whiche vsed to washe the bodies of the dedde and it was the office of theim that wer nerest of his kyndred to dooe it Solle Masse daie that is the second daie of Nouember was begon by Odilo that was Prouoste or Prouinciall of the Monkes of Cluniacenses order vpon the occasion that he heard about Aetna the mouÌ„tain of Sicilie oftentymes great wepyng lamentacion criyng whiche he supposed to bee the yellyng of eiuill spirites that bewailed bicause the solles of dedde menne wer taken from theim by the peticions and sacrifices of wel disposed christen people therfore he perswaded his coueÌ„te in the tyme of Ihon bishop of Rome to make a generall obite of all solles the daie next after the feast of al sainctes Aboute the yere of our lorde M and twoo our fathers receiued it as a godly institucioÌ„ full of pitiful charitee thus by processe of this Monkes supposicion sprong muche vain supersticion ⧠The .viii. Chapiter ¶ Of the seuenth daie thirty daie old maner of buriall hallowyng chalices priestes garmentes with other thynges HORATIVS the Poete and Seruius write that the Romaynes vsed customably y e nynth daie after the buriall to renewe the sacryfices and solemne rites of the funerall whiche thei named in latyne Nouemdialis of this we in our religioÌ„ haue gathered the fashion of kepyng the seueÌ„th daie with exequies and other ordinary oblacions And in England the custome is to kepe the thirty daie or moneth mynde with like Obites as were dooen on the buriall daies Or els it mighte seme that this kepyng of the seueÌ„th daie was brought vp after thesame sort emong vs as in mariages thei vsed in old tyme to renewe their vowes the seuenth daie For like as that daie was the soleÌ„ne beginnyng of encreasyng the issue of mankynde so thesame daie of burial is or should be the complet finishyng and ende of euery thyng The Massiliens in Fraunce passed and spente the daies of their burialles with priuate oblacions and feastyng of their kinsefolke without any maner lameÌ„tacion or sorowe whiche thyng the Englishe at this daie vse commonly to dooe In burials the old rite was that the â—ded corps was borne afore and the people folowed after as one should saie we shall dye and folowe after hym as their laste woordes to the coarse did pretende For thei vsed too saie when it was buried on this wise fare well wee come after thee and of the folowyng of y e multitude thei were called exequies Albeeit thei vsed at kynges and noble mennes funeralles to goo afore with tapers â–ª whiche custome we kepe still CHALICES wherin the bloud of Christe is consecrated were at the first of woode and that was the institucioÌ„ of the Apostles whiche would preuent all occasioÌ„ of auarise in priestes but Zepherinus afterward commaunded that thei should consecrate in a vessel of glasse NotwithstaÌ„dyng in processe that custome was broken And Gratianus decreed y t thei should saie Masse and consecrate with chalices of siluer or golde orels if those mighte not bee gotten in chalices of tynne albeit some referre this to Vrbane the firste Sextus the firste commaunded that the corporaces should bee of linen clothe onely and that of the finest and purest and he forbade that any laye manne should handle the hallowed vessels and namely womeÌ„ wer inhibited The hallowyng of priestes vestures and altare clothes with other ornameÌ„tes of the churche and the diuersitee of vestures of sundry orders was taken out of the Hebrues priesthod vsed in our churche fyrst by Steuen bishop of Rome fyrst of that name For at the beginnyng priestes in their massyng vsed rather inwarde vertues of solle then outward apparel of the body whiche is rather a gloriouse gase then any godly edifiyng Sabinianus decreed fyrst that the people should be assembled together to heare seruice at certayne houres of the day by ringyng of belles And Iohn the .xxii. ordeined that belles should be tolled euerye daye thrise in y e euenyng that then euery maÌ„ should say thrise the Aue maria The vse of belles came fyrst of the Hebrues wher y e high priest or bishop had in the skyrtes of his vppermoost vestures litle belles to ryng when he was in the holy place within y e vaile And euen the vayle hangynges candelsteckes with other vessels that we vse in the churche came also of theyr ceremonies The baners that be hanged abroad in the easter tyme may be vsed to declare the triumph of Christ ouer death the deuil and hel were taken of the heathen whiche in their victories did beare baners to declare signifye y e coÌ„quest of their enemies The .ix. Chapiter ¶ Of vowes goyng barefoote Letanies praiyng for them that neese crossyng the mouth when men yawne WHen we be brought into any extreme calamytie or dauÌ„gerouse adueÌ„ture y t can by no mans power or prouision bee releued the vrgent necessytie coÌ„strainyng vs we fal to praiers and vowes makyng as when we promise to set vp caÌ„dels Images of waxe or siluer w t other lyke supposyng therby to obteine remedy of our grief This custome was borowed of the Hebrues whiche vsed to make suche vowes to God diuerse other couÌ„tries of the GeÌ„tiles vsed y e ryte to their false gods In like maner goyng barefoote was taken vp of the Iewes fashion whiche in their sickenes other misfortunes were woÌ„t to pray coÌ„tinually .xxx. dayes forbeare wyne shaue their heare and after go barefoote to the temple make oblacion This maner of vowe was so ernestly vsed in the tyme of y e emperour Nero when Florus was president of Iurye y e Bernice sister to kyng Agrippa went her selfe barefote to the teÌ„pte of Hierusalem to obteine some
some thynke be assigned the yeres accordyng to the olde feastes of Apollo and Diana whiche the Romaynes Heathen solemnised euery hundred yere and of that thei were called Ludiseculares Aboute fifty yeres after Clemente the sixte decreed that it should bee celebrated euery fifty yeres as the Hebrues rite was bycause no manne was able to attain the olde iubile of an hundred yeres Laste of all Sextus the fourth restraygned the yere of grace to the xxv yere and he hymself kepte it at that daie whiche was in the yere of Goddes grace shewed by his sonne Iesus Christe too the worlde a thousande foure hundred three score and fiftene Aboute the same tyme Pardons were very â—ief and muche vsed but who was the firste authoure of theim I haue not redde in any wryter sauyng that saincte Gregory as I saied a fore proclaymed Pardons as a reward for theim that came too his Stacions This seede sowen by Gregory grewe too a ripe haruest in the tyme of Bonifacius the .ix. whiche reaped muche money for y e chaffe After this Alexander the sixte that was in the yere of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred assinged the Iubilee and Stacions to bee had insundery prouinces and countrees to the entent that lesse throÌ„g of people and more thrifte of money might come to Rome and so the people should only lose their money and saue their laboure But Moses was the firste authoure of the Iubilee as appeareth by Iosephus in the olde Testament ⧠The second Chapiter ¶ The bishoppe of Romes titles Collages of Scribes sealyng Bulles with Leade Annates FOR somuche as nothyng is so decent for a priest as gentlenesse nothyng so fitt as lolinesse nothyng more comly theÌ„ humblenes according to y e saiyng of our sauioure lerne of me for I am meke and loly in herte nor nothyng more against their ordre then pride arrogauncie Gregory the sainct bishop of Rome named hymself seruus seruoruÌ„ dei whiche thyng he did not onely vsurpe in title but also expresse in deede This name preface was receiued aâ—d vsed of his successoures but his hertie mekenesse was refused as a thyng that diminished their pontificall estate Cleâ—us added to saluteÌ„ Apostolicam benedictionem as a salutacion condigne and apperteinyng to the vertue godlinesse and a resemblaÌ„t to Christes gretyng whiche was peace bee vvith you or of the Hebrues that vsed too saie in their metynges peace bee vvith thee And this all our bishoppes haue reserued to them selfes as a peculiarâ— salutyng AS concernyng the Scribes that vsed to write the letters Apostolicall where afore tyme thei were wont to write for nothyng or els asked verie litle Ihon the .xxii. desirouse too encrease enlarge his substaunce founded a coâ—lage of Scribes that should write endite letters of their owne deuise and doo other offices but thei must be chosen out of his owne clearkes and muste paie and bee dismissed of money afore thei could bee admitted to y e roume He did also institute the taxe or subsidie y t thei paie whiche haue benefites of his gifte presentacion All suche thynges as belong to the Apostolicall penetencers Benet the .xii. diuised first and determined the price of al writtes bulles The custome of sealyng the bishop of Romes bulles with lede was taken vp by Stephen the third and Hadrian the first to the entent thei should endure longer where afore tyme the vsage was to sele in waxe with a ring And this was the yere of our Lorde vii c.lxxii at whiche tyme Hadriane was bishop afore those daies I finde no mencion of sealyng with leade as afore Carolus Magnus none of the Romaine Empiroures sealed letters with gold Pius the second did create Breuiatours and set theÌ„ in an order whiche Paule deposed but Sextus afterward renewed the roume as commodious for the purse and also instituted the new collage of Solicitours and proctors by whose counsaill and aduise all bulles and grauntes were made and ratified He also ordayned iâ— Notaries of the treasure Apostolical assigned to euery of them certain fees and profettes that he mighte haue spedy vtteraunce of the roumes Innocencius that succeded next Sextus diuised y e collage of Secretaries and Alexander the sixt encreased the number of writers of his Breefes to the sume of foure score and aboue THE Somoners and catchpolles that wer hangers on to those breuiators were by Nicolaus the third put out of office leaste all the poore shepe should be â—leied to the quicke But al this riffe raffe filled not so muche the popes cofers in seueÌ„ yeres as his Annates did in one Annates he calleth the yerely reuenewes or half part of the fruites of a benefice or spirituall promocion that he receiued of the newe Incumbentes These beganne firste at his owne benefices whereof he was patrone and Clement the .v. generally decreed it in y e yere of oure lorde M.CCC and v. Bonifacius the ix and Ihon the .xxii. renewed the decree for feare of forgettyng bycause it helpeth muche the purse ⧠The thirde Chapiter ¶ Of the secte of Symoniakes Heretikes Schismes PHILIPPE the deacon what tyme he had by his preachyng conuerted theim of Samaria to Christes religioÌ„ emong many other he turned one Symon a Magicien and inchaÌ„ter and baptised hym In short space after Peter and Ihon wer sent thyther to confirme theÌ„ in the faithe by gyuyng theim the holy Ghooste throughe laiyng on of handes this Symon perceiuyng the feat of Peter that he could by laiyng on of handes giue the holy ghoste profered to giue a large sume of money too haue that power taught him wheras he should rather haue obtained it by faith and godlines Peter moued at those wordes with anger saied thâ— money shal turne to thy destruccioÌ„ bicause thou supposedest the gyftes of God to bee boughte with money neither shalte thou haue one porcioÌ„ or doale of this charge for thy herte is not vpright afore God Thus reiected of his sute he became a greate enemie to Peter and in Rome seduced by his magike muche people in somuch that he was taken and proclaimed by Nero his charter a god with this title Simon deus sanctus But Peter with the swerde of Goddes worde after long conflicte of woordes and contencion of miracles betwene the Capitoly or counsaill chamber and the Mounte Auentine caused that as he was by his Magicall exorcismes lifted vp fliyng in the aire he had suche a fall that he brake his legge it coste hym his life in Aretia wher he laie at surgery for the healyng of his legge Of hym al that buie or sell the gyftes of the holy ghoste and saie the worlde was not of the creacion of God but proceded of a power aboue were named Simoniakes and so we cal them that
KnittiÌ„g nettes lxviii L LAborinthes lxxii Aborers passe the time with soÌ„ges xxii Lacedemonians maner of warre xxiiii Lacedemonians offerynges lv Layitee lxxxvii Lamech had two wiues C.vi Lame meÌ„ne maie not bee priestes xci Lammas day c.xxiiii Lampes Ci. Latyn stories xx Lawe xxxvi Lawe for drynkyng of wyne xcvii Law makers xxxvii Lawes of mournyng C.xxvi Lawes natural xxxvi Leade lviii Leagues liii Leape yere xliii Legendes C.xvii Legge harneis xlviii Lent C.xix Leoncious Gorgias Image lxiii Letanies C.xxx Letters xii Letters too coumpte with all xxix Lettyng of blod xxxii Leuer lviii Leuites lxxxviii Libertie of y e old Satyres xix Libraries xlviii Licinius Caluus xli Lycurgus xxxvii Lidians lix Lighter lxxx Lyne lxxviii Lynnen lxxii Linus xvi Liuius Andronicê° xvi Lookyng glasses lix Lottes xxxv Lucrecia lxxxvii Lupercalia lii M MAgiciens xxv MAgi xxxiiii Magike xxxiii Mahometes sect cxlv Maydes of Cipres lxxi Maydes of Rome and Grece x. Maiyng C.ii. Maioram xxxii Malcolme kyng of Scottes ix Maners of diuerse nacions in mariages viii Maner of rekenyng yeres xxix Mantill lxix Manumission xxxix Marble lxx Marchaundise lxxx Marche xli Marcus Cato banished phisicians out of Rome xxxi Marcus Tuditanus xvii Marcus Valerius ordaigned a Diall in Rome xliiii Mary the Virgyn died lxxxv Mariage beganne in paradise viii Mariage of diuerse nacions Ibidem Mariage of priestes Ciiii. Marius xli Mars author of cheualry xlviii Martyres Cxlvii and C.liiii Maskes lxxxi Cii Massagetes viii Masse y e partes therof C.x. C.xiii â–ª Mastes lxxx Marches lix Matyns Prime and Houres Cxxvi. Measures and weightes xxix Meates forbidden on fastyng daies Cxxi Melissus xi Meltyng brasse lviii Memory xlvii Memorye of martyres Cxxv. Menander xix Menne drified i. Menne liued by acornes lxv Menne of greate memory xlvii Menne wer first called christians in Antioche lxxxiiii Menne were sacrificed by the Gentyles Cviii. Menne wrote in plates xlvi Menon xii Mercury xxvi Mercury founde the concordes xxii Mercury founde the Harpe xxiii Mercurius Trimegistus appoyncted twelfe houres in the daie xiiii Metalles lviii Meter diuerse kyndes therof xvii Mice engender of the mudde v. Milke lxviii Ministers lxxxviii Minos xxxvii Minos had the firste rule on the sea lxxix Mirre lxi Moly xxxii Monarchie xxxviii Monethes xliii Monethes myndes Cxxviii Money lix Monkes Cxxxv. Morispikes xlix Moses xiii xvi.lvi and lxxii lxxvi Moses did prouulgate the first lawes xxxvii Moses did write the firste story xx Moses founde the trompe xxiiii Moses ordaigned deuorcementes x. Mossolanus xxxv Motleis lxix Mouldes lxiiii Mournyng C.xxvi Mournyng is supersticious Hypocrisy Cxxvii Mummius destroied Corinth lxiiii Murall croune lvi Musicke xxii Musicke maketh a man effeminate xxiii N NAbles xxiiii Aked games li. and lii Nasamones ix Naturall xxxv Nature gaue musike to menne xxii Nature of oyle Ciii Nauall croune lvi Necromancie xxxiiii Nemi li. Neptunus â— Neptunus had the Empire of the sea lxxix Nero firste persecuter Clv. Nesyng Cxxx. Nettes lxvii Newe yerares gyftes C.ii. Night sacrifices are abholished Cxx. Nilus dooeth ouerflowe Egipt xxviii Ninê° did enlarge his Empire xxxviii Noha made the firste aulter lxxxviii and Cvii Noha planter of the vine lxvi Noone xliiii Noones xliii Notaries xcii and Cxlix Numa added too the yere xiii Numbers xxix Nunnes xcvi O. OPelisti lxxv Obseruyng of dayes xxvi xxx Obseruyng of dyete was beginnyng of phisicke xxx Obâ—idionall crowne lvi Occasion of Idolatrie xi Ochus xxv Odde and euen lii Offeryng C. Offices sold iÌ„ Rome xciii Oyle C.iii. Oyntementes lvii Olimpiades l. Oliue oyle lxvi One God iii. Opinion of philosophiers ii Opinion of the birth of manne v. Oracle lxii Oracles doubtfull i. Oracles seased at Christes commyng C.viii. Oratour xxi Order of Cardinalles xcii Order of manumission xxxix Orestâ—us lxvi Organes lxxxii Organie xxxiii Orpheus xii xvi.xxi and xxv Original of Heathen goddes i. Otho a Germayne made emperour xciiii P PAyntyng lxii Alamedes araye xlviii Pallas ii Pamphilia lxix Panace xxxii Panciâ—s lvi Paper xlvii Parchement IbideÌ„ Pardons Câ—lvii Parishes xcii Partes of Rhethoricke xxi Partes of the nighte xlv Parthians xxxii Paschall Candelles C.xxiii Pater patratus C. Patriarches xcv Paule is conuerted lxxxv Pecocke lxviii Pelagius caused subdeacons to forsake their wifes C.v. Penitenâ—ers C.xlix Pensill lxiiii Pentecost C.xxiii Persecutors C.liiii Peter and Philippe had wifes C.v. Peter crucified lxxxv Peter conuerted thre thousande lxxxiiii Phedon lix Pherisides xx Phidias lxiii Philippe Emperour proclaimed an hereticke C.xxxi Philosophie xxv Philosophie in three or fiue partes xxvi Phirrhus daunce li. Phisicions famouse xxxi Phisicians lxxxii Phisike xxx Phoroneus xxxvii Pillers lxâ— Pipers fidlers xxiiii Pirodes stroke fire out of flinte lix Piromancie xxxiiii Pisistraius made the first booke xlvi Pithagoras called hym selfe a philosophier xxv Pithagoras obserued the day sterre xâ—vii Pithagoras rule lxxix Pittes who first digged theim lxxii Plaies or shewes l. and lii Plato v. Plinie xiii Plough lxv Plucking out of teth xxx Poetes vi Poetes bee called holy of Ennius xvi Poetry xv Polares xlix Polignotus lxiii Ponishement for aduoutry ix lxxxi PonishemeÌ„t for omittyng oblacioÌ„s cviii Pontifex Maximus xcix Possessions permitted too the clergi C. and xxxii Posthumius lv Potters crafte lxiiii Potters frame Ibi. Praier Cix Preachyng Cx. Price of writtes C. and xlix Priestes xcv Priestes first Masse C.i. Priestes forbidden to mary Cv. Priestes of Egypte lxviii Priestes of Egypte wrote stories xx Priesthode lxxxvii and lxxxviii Primatiue churche lxxxix Prime xliiii Princes Electoures xciiii Printyng xlvi Prisones xli Prognosticacions xxviii Promotheus lx lxii Prophesiyng xxxv Prose xx Protagoras ii Psalter of Dauid xvi Psammaricus v. Ptolomeus libraries xlvi Pultryes lxviii Punishement for aduoutrie viii Purificacion of women Cvi Purple coloure lxix Purple roabe Ciii Q Q Letter xiiii Varelles xlix R RAmmers xlix Eaders lxxxviii Readyng the bible at meate C.xxi. Reclaimyng of horsses xlix Reconynges xxix Reconsiliation of churches C.xxv Regalles xxiiii Religion vii lxxxiii Religions from the Cxxxvii too the. C. and xiv lefe Reliques C.xlvi Repentaunce a remidy for synne Cl. Rewardes l. Rex sacrificulus C. Rhethorician xxi Rhethoricke xx Right hande xcvii Rynges lx Ryngyng to seruise C.xxxi Rites of buriyng lxxiii Rites of mariage x. Royall ornameÌ„tes xli Romaynes burned their dedde bodies lxxiiii Romaynes league liiii Rome made orders xc Romulus xxxvii Romulus ordered the yere xlii Rowyng in boates lx ix Rudders lxxx Rue xxxiii Rulyng coÌ„mon welth xxxviii S. SAbbothe daies of the Iewes C.xxi. Sacramente of the aulter Cx. Sacrifices lxii Sayles lxxx Salomon xvi lxxii Salomon made the first temple C.vi Salte lxviii Salutyng with kysses xcvii Sanctuaries lxxv Sand diall xliiii Satyres xviii Saturnalia games liii Saturnus father of the goddes ii Sauery xxxii Sawe lxxviii Scaffoldes lxxvii Scarlet roabes xcii Schismes C.lii Scithians league liii Scotlande vse ix Scribes Cxlviii Secretaries C. xllx Sectes from the C. and .xxxiiii. too the C.xlv lefe Selandyne xxxii Senio lii Seruius Tullius lix Sethis posterite xxvii Sextyns lxxxviii Shaftes xlix Shalmes xxiii Shauen crounes xc Shildes xlviii