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order_n	day_n	great_a	time_n	3,904	5	3.2951	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A94232	The husbandman, farmer and grasier's compleat instructor. Containing choice and approved rules, and directions for breeding, feeding, chusing, buying, selling, well ordering and fatning bulls, cows, calves, rams, ews, lambs, swine, goats, asses, mules, &c. : How to know the several diseases incident to them, by their signs and symptoms, with proper remedies to cure them; : as likewise all griefs, and sorrances what-ever. : Also, a treatise of dogs, and conies, in their breeding, ordering, and curing the distempers they are subject to. : To which is added, The experienced vermine-killer, in particular directions, for taking and destroying all sorts of vermine in houses, out-houses, fields, garden, graneries, and other places. / By A.S. Gent.	A. S., Gent.	1697 (1697)	Wing S7; ESTC R2532	103,960	176

Weather be not Wet Windy or Cold but if either of these keep him in the House to a more seasonable warmth and then for a time he must have his fill Morning and Evening of Milk or Whey and in a little time but once a day and so by degrees you may take him quite off from it When you perceive he is addicted to feeding at Three Months he may subsist altogether at Grass or Hay and now and then Bran and Skim-Milk when i● the Evening you house him If he in sucking time mumble or draw the Teat painfully look in his Mouth and under his Tongue you will find white Blisters growing that restrain the use of the Tongue cut these away and anoint the sore well with Honey ●nd Allom dissoved in Vinegar do so tili the part is healed lest the Calf pine away or sometimes by the Gangr●ening it dye That the growth may not ●e hindred see it be not afflicted with Lice if so rub him over with Butter and Salt melted and when it is well soaked with a hard Wisp of Hay or Straw and the next day with Urine wherein Wood-Ashes have been steeped Convenient times to Geld or Spay Calves with proper Directions to do it without endangering Life c. As you intend to bring up or dispose of your youn● Calves so you must take the order and observations in Gelding or Spaying them most hold Three Months a proper time for this but if you intend to breed them to be Oxen or Heifers a great deal longer time may be taken vix Six or Twelve Months and any time before Three Years is not too late though more dangerous for a Bull Calf or for a Cow Calf the time may be less and the weather in doing this ought to be moderately warm neither too hot nor too cold and the Spring and Fall in the warm of the Moon is most proper In Gelding having slit the Cod draw out the Stones with their Sinnews as far as you can without over-straining clap the Sinnews into a cleft Stick and so seer them off with a hot Iron anoynt them round with fresh Butter and sow it up with very fine Silk taking up no ●ore th●● the outward Rim or Edge In Spaying a Cow Calf when you have taken away the Matrix anoint the Incission with Oyl of Almonds o● sweet Olive Oyl see that no part of the Guts are disordered or out of place and in sowing up ●e careful not to tack any of them with your Stiches to the Skin lest it make them pine away and dye anoint the place for several days with either of the said Oyls and to keep of Wasps and Flies brush it over with a little Tar-water As for Bull Calves after Gelding put them in such Pastures or Places that they cannot leap nor strain themselves lest bleeding a fresh they endanger their lives and particularly if they be of any bigness keep them from Cow Calves for being apt to leap by that means they will much in●ure themselves and rub the Wound over till cured with the Ashes of the Vine and Lytharge giving them ●ut little water after Three days cutting and in it Fennel-seed boyled feed them as their Stomacks will bear which by this means is much enfeebled with sweet Grass Hay or green Boughs If the Wound swell anoint it with the Oyl of Rosemary and Hogs-Lard tempered together and warm but beware the Calf catch not cold How to m●nage or order your breed of Cattle in their Stalls Food Taming or Breaking Having a Breed c. in this forwardness the next thing to be considered is to bring them to gentleness and a good management for many Reasons or Conveniencies The Bull Calf when Gelded is c●lled a Steer and the Cow Calf a Heifer and to break them observe your Cow-house S●all or other Housing conveniency be adjoyning to some inclosed warm Pasture make your self ●amilier with them when you house and feed them with sweet Provinder out of your hand for encouragement let the housing be kept clean to prevent Diseases and let their goings out and in be a● set times make their Stalls yoakwise about Seven Foot from the ground and if they become wanton head-strong or push with their Horns to mischief one another you must to break them of so ill a habit tye them in their Stables Twenty Four Hours wit●out giving them provender which Three or Four times used will make them very tame for by this means they will be brought to receive their Fodder more gently and with much Familiarity then stroak and scratch them gently spirt some sweet Wine or Wort into their Mouths which will induce them not only to endure your waiglet leaning hard on their Necks and Backs but in a little tim● to follow you gently then rub their Mouth with Salt and Water make up Balls of sweet Butter and C●mminseed and oblige them to swallow One or Two as big as an Egg in a Morning before they goe out to Pasture let the places where they stand be very Airy in warm Weather and close in cold and so they will in a short time be tamed and thrive the better some when they are Restiff or Head strong yoak them with a tamed O● or Steer and make them draw a light Plough or son a Weights but I think I have given the best Directions If the Pasture fail by reason of dry or excessive wet weather house them or feed them abroad with sweet and short Hay fine Pease-Straw Barly-straw Chaff-Tear● and Clover-Grass after Grass or the like for this manner of feeding in Winter greatly improves them Lupius and Chaff mingled together is Physical and Nourishing in the Spring to purifie the Blood give them green Sprigs of the Figg-Tree Ash Holm Elme or Oak Rules to be observed for preserving your Cattle and in g 〈…〉 plight with Signs of Sickness c. When you have made this kind of Cattle tractable the next main thing to be observed is how to keep the● healthy to do this see their Meat be given them in due season that no Infectious thing fall into it keep from their Stalls Hogs Ducks Poultry Pigions the scent of whose Dung is very offensive to them and if scattered in their Provinder makes them sick and breeds unwholsome Airs which cause the Murrain and Scab among them Comb them down and rub them well with hard Wisps as often as your leasure will admit at least once in Two Days wash their Claws and keep them from Gravel and swelling or from other Defects that may occasion them to break out Let them Blood though no urgent Cause require it Twice a Year viz. Springs and Fall of the Moon being in any of the lower Signs let them after it drink the Pickle of Olives with a Head of Garlick bruised and purge once a quarter if you see occasion at least Twice in the Year without it Three days together the First may be done by giving them Lupius

will certainly breed the Measles and other infectious Diseases any Carrion or dead Flesh is likewise hurtful ●o them though they will often devour it greedily if they ●ant their fill of other Victuals and this will inure to ●eed on the Living make Sows eat their own Pigs and ●oung Children in Cradles c. if they can conveniently ●ome ●● them as many Histories furnish us with Examples ●specially they will eat Poultry and indeed in that way ●rove a very dangerous Creature to others it can master ●r surprize give them no Fish-water nor the washings of ●f Mustard Plates or Trenchers in their Wash for that ●ill make them sicken Soap-water is likewise very bad ●nd will cause Diseases in their Eyes and Head and nail ●ome thin plates of Lead at the bottom of their Troughs ●hich cooling their Noses will please them the better in ●heir Feeding and has a certain Vertue to cure the Insla●ation of the Lungs for this is the hottest of all Do●estic● Creatures which makes him cove● cool places to ●emper and allay the Fervor that incommodes him Rules for fatening Swine in Champion Countries Where Woods many Tuffs of Trees or Copises are ●anting they must when at large be fed from the Ground ●re a ●arshey or Morish Ground is to be preferred before dry Ground that they may mouzle and dig up Wo 〈…〉 or Snales as also cool themselves with more conveni 〈…〉 in the hot Weather and get Roots which much con 〈…〉 butes to their Growth and Health especially Fern-Ro 〈…〉 Bulrush-roots the Roots of Sedges as also feeding u 〈…〉 divers kinds of fattening and physical Grass and He 〈…〉 also Orchard where waste Fruits fall at Barn-doors 〈◊〉 find good feeding of all sorts of Corn amongst the 〈◊〉 or Straw and this with Beans Tears and some so 〈…〉 Barley will keep them in good Flesh Now if you design to fat them for immediate 〈◊〉 Sty them up and let them not out till they are as f●●● you desire in this Order keep them the two first 〈◊〉 fasting and early the third Morning give them a 〈◊〉 quantity of dried Pease and Beans repeat this at N 〈…〉 four hours after and when it is your time to go to 〈◊〉 but not any Water that day but the next give th●● same quantity of Meat and let them drink their ●●ll ● if you can conveniently get it twice or thrice 〈◊〉 give them a lusty draught of sweet Whey or swee● Milk and thus in a Month they will be sufficiently for Pork and in five Weeks for Bacon How to order and fat them in woody Countries The Swine delights most in woody Countries that ● full of Quagmires or where there is a sufficiency of 〈…〉 ●er and if there be any agreeable Food they will th 〈…〉 there very much as Beech Mastholm Services Med 〈…〉 Crabs Hazle-nuts Acorns and here likewise in 〈◊〉 Rooting they will find Snales Insects and Roots to ● on Turn them into the before-mentioned Woods or 〈◊〉 as are very near and most convenient to you for Weeks or two Months and when they are well fle 〈…〉 drive them to the Sty and shut them up for a Fortni 〈…〉 or three Weeks feeding them as before with old d 〈…〉 Pease and some spilt Beans give them likewise s 〈…〉 Fetches or Tears and they will grow hard of Fat ● their Flesh be white and eat very sweet and short ● Salt well and keep long 〈…〉 tract 〈…〉 to fatten Swine in Towns and particularly for Bra●n ●●r Larding For keeping and fattening Hogs in Towns where they ●ve no the advantage of leting them run abroad so much ●e 〈◊〉 Chandlers Grieves or the hard pressings of the ●llow may be dissolved by cutting the Cakes in small ●eces and boyling them in Wash or Whey or the ●ashings of Ale barrels or the like also O●fal boyled ●urnips Parsnips or Carrots sliceda Cart-load of which the ●eason of clearing the Grounds may be bought for little matter and when their Flesh is raised with these to ●arden it give in two days each Swine a Bushel of dry ●●se and a little Barley then two or three days after he ●ill b● fit for the Knife If you feed a Boar for Brawn or a Hog for Lard the 〈◊〉 Week you put either into the Sty give him a suffici●t quantity three times a day of Barley sodden till it be●ins 〈◊〉 burst the next Week give him undried and it will ●o what you desire if you give store of Swill in Was● Whey c. after it And these Rules are approved by ●he must Thrifty and Experienced in this mat●er How to order your Pork and Bacon for the well keeping of it and its eating sweet and savory After all I have said on this Subject there remains one ●hing very necessary to be discoursed of which is the ordering the Hog c. when killed When your Hog is singed or scalded hang him on some Hool● by the Heels and take out the Intrails then cut off the Head and after the Flitch is separated from the Chine if for Bacan or for Pork cut into the several Joynts pres● out the Blood as much as may be with clean Linnen-Clo●ths and let the Meat cool on the Table all Night and ●he next Morning salt it taking notice of all the bo●y places to stuff it well then if Pork put it into your Powdering-Tub that has rather had Oyl than Vinegar or any other sharp thing in it to prevent the Musting when this is done boyl some Water and Salt till it will ●● an Egg pour it on gently just warm and laying ●● of Salt cover it up close and set it in ● dry ● place As for your Bacon-Flitches lay them on Plan●s ● salt them well for a Fortnight or three Weeks when ● have taken Salt hang them up in the Wind to dry ● windy place then let the Smoak come to them by de●● for if it comes too much at first it hazards th●●●● Rusty Diseases in Swine their Causes S●●toms anb proper Remedies for th● Cure also other Griefs Ails H 〈…〉 c. For the Head-ach WHEN this is perceived by their unrest and ●● times drowsiness dulness of the Eyes 〈◊〉 their Heads against any thing that stands in their way ●● lancholy Grunting and Groaning Then let the Swine blood under the Tongue rub ● Mouth with Bay-salt and Vinegar and if it be ● give him Lettice-leaves if not Colewort or Beet-le●● to eat boyl in Whey Fetches Rosemary L●v●●d● and Vervein and give it to drink do this success●● two or three Mornings fasting For the Meas●es This Distemper is occasioned by excessive or un 〈…〉 some Feeding To remedy it take a hard Brush and ● it in cold Water rub the Swine all over with it hard ● gainst the Hair then take Parsly-Roots Rue and B●● ●●ch a handful boyl them in a Gallon of fair Water ● a handful of Bay-salt and two Ounces of Allom and ●ng kept the

covetous Persons who having never so much are grasping at more and never truly enjoy what they really in one kind properly poffess But to return The Ass likewise brouses on Briar-staks will eat Ch●● pleasantly and indeed by reason of his hardiness ●● the few Diseases incident to him requires little looki●● to although his Labour is considerable for though here by reason of the abundance of good Horses riding ● him is accounted scandalous and not used but by t●● meaner sort yet in other Countries they are used by great Ladies as Palfreys with ●●broidered Carpets and guilded Trapings thrown over them However if we abate this in England and should lay them aside as useless for riding there is notwithstanding much business they are capable of For as to carrying Burthens the la●● sort are comparable to Horses they will hold out a 〈◊〉 way without fainting or●tireing Then for draw● Burthens in a Cart they are very serviceable as also ● the Plough in light ground or where there is no ●● of Trees stiff Clay or large Stones for indeed ●● Creature put beyond its strength is foiled and disorder● and makes it unpleasant to him for the future Of Covering and the proper time their order in bringing forth c. The breeding of these Creatures are in all particular the same with the Mares both in time and manner And for a good breed the Male and Female must be both of a reasonable Age large bodied sound and of a good kind The Male must be at least three years old for ●●om th●●● to ten they ●ro very 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bredding though they bring forth their Col●s sometimes at two year and a half but it appears by th● bad thriving not to be so well nor good for Service or Pontinuanc● To make the She-Ass retain the Seed you must after she has been well leaped drive her up and down for an hour or more a handsome pace She seldom bringeth forth two at once and appears to have a kind of shame in her delivery for when she finds her burthen ready to come forth she will if possible retire into some dark ●hady place to avoid being seen They bring forth their Foal in a twelve Month and for a good breed it is conveni●nt to let them be covered but once in two years that they may bear kindly every other year Aristotle accounts their Lifes to be thirty years and indeed they are very healthy being afflicted with but a few Diseases The best covering time is from the twentieth of May to the tenth of June and whilst they are with Foal they must not be greatly laboured nor hard driven but labour does the Male good for by reason of his extream letcherousness he grows nought if he stands idle The ordering and weaning the As●-Colt when to break him Considerations of its Nature and the housing required A. for the ordering the Ass-Colt when cast suffer it the first year to run with the Dam and the next tye him up gently with her only in the night time The third is a si●●eason to break him and render him tractable for labour which will not be very difficult to do by reason of his ●●ate dulness and easiness to be handled There is in this Creature a great love towards her young for if it be in danger and cry out for help she will not stick if possible to run through a circling fire to it But above all things they dread the Water not willingly ●a●eing to dip the tips of their Hooss in it and indeed the much wetting their Hooss in travel or wet grounds is the cause of most of their Distempers neither unless exceeding dry will the Ass of her own accord willingly drink in any strange Water and when they drink they do it so mannerly as if they were afraid to touch it with their Lips Some who have been curious to search into the 〈◊〉 of ●t affirm that seeing the shaddow of the●● goodly large ●ars in th● Water in which they take great Pride they are offended and suddenly draw back as ●earing they ● wetted They delight to lodge in wide Rooms and by reas●● of the melancholly guality that abounds in them they among all Creatures if any thing at all are the least delighted in Musick and for the same reason ●●oubled ●● fearful dreams which make them not only groan ● make piteous noise in their sleep but also if they ● near any hard thing to beat their Feet and Heads w●● by they much hurt and bruise themselves but much m● those of their kind that lye near them How to order the Ass in snowey or hard frosty Weather 〈◊〉 there is little to be got abroad In the Winter Season if the Snow be on the gr 〈…〉 especially you must feed him in the House with Ch 〈…〉 sweet Pease-Straw and Hay chopped short hard Bid● or chipings of coarse Bread beaten small and to con●● and keep them in heart fit for service give them ● and then Bran in sweet Whey skim Milk or Wort ● it must be very thick or for the reason before menti 〈…〉 he will hardly fish for it though never so hungry T● care to let them stand dry and if their Hoofs grow ● shape pare them and bring thim into a fashionable for that they may grow in thickness in many places wh● they labour much or go on stony ground they ● shooed but this must be done lightly and within co●pass that they interfeer not to lame them in their tr●ing Diseases particularly incident to them and their Cures Pains in the Head THis comes from wet and cold in travel or lying and sometimes of extream hent in the hot Summer Season To remedy this take Polipodium of the Oak a handful Wood-Sorrel or Field-Sorrel a like quantity boyl them in stale Beer and give it him hot soon after let him bl●od behind the Ears For defects in the Lungs This is known by his heavy and painful breathing his lamentable braying not clear but inwardly as it were To remedy this defect boyl Liquorish well bruised two Ounces Centory a little handful in three pints of ●●ning Water till a third part be consumed then give it him at two equal potions well strained Morning and Envening fasting For the Hide bound This is occasioned by being too much in the wet and cold To remedy it Let him blood under the Tail rub him well over with hard wisps boyl the roots of Fennel in new Wort a handful to a quart add an ounce of Lupins and half as many Camomile-Flowers give it as a drench a pint at a time Morning and Evening To purge Melancolly Take three or four Laurel-leaves a sprig or two of Savin a quarter of an Ounce of Stibium boyl them well bruised in a quart of Whay and give him the liquid part well strained to drink and let him fast six hours after For Madness or Giddiness This is occasioned by the contending of heat and cold in the Brain

naturally subject to Melancholly ●lighting much in the Earth and holes in Rocks and ●her dark Caverns yet exceeding Lustful and violent ● the act of Copulation that when they have performed ● they swoon and lye in a Trance for a pretty while as ● they were dead which they being sensible of retire ●o the secretest Places to perform their Generation work ●s for t●e Males they are very cruelly bent and would ●ll all the young ones as soon as the Females had kindled ●d not Nature by instinct given the Females a cunning to ●de them and so politickly close up the holes that ●e Buck Conie cannot without extraordinary search find ●em which he little minds if they fall not in his way The ●oe Conies are great breeders very wonderful in ●eir e●crease● bringing forth young ones every Month ●d therefore when you keep any tame you must ●e at ●e trouble to watch them when they kindie and as soon ● they have done it put them to the Buck or else they ●ill mourn and not regard the bringing up their young ●es ●o chuse Conies for a profitable breed to keep tame or in a close Warren If you design to keep Conies tame or to put them to ●eed n●a Warren or any other convenient Ground ●he be●● marks to know a good breed by is the clearness ●f their Eyes and the richness of their Furs as for the ●tter that is accounted the best and richest which has ●n equal mixture of white and black hair yet so that ●e black rather shadows the white than the white any ●hing it all over-mastering it For a black Skin with a ●● silver Hairs is accounted much the Richer than a ●hite Skin with a few black Hairs but however an ●qual and indifferent mixture of both is very acceptable ●nd will produce a profitable breed Consider next that ● be deep thick smooth and shining and a black Coat without Silver Hairs though it be not so good as that ●hich has yet is much to be prefered before a py'd a ●●n a yeallow or a grey Let your Hut be very large Now as to the profit of the rich Conies every one ●● them killed from Martilmas until Candlemas are worth ●● ordinary ones for they are in body much fatter and l●ger and when another Skin will yield but two pence o● three pence they are worth two Shillings or more ●cording to the scarcity of them And again they encre● oftener and at one kindling bring forth more than ● wild Conie and if you keep them in Boxes are alw● ready at hand for your use at every season of the ye● without any fategue or trouble charge of Nets H● Ferrets or any other Engines and their Flesh you h● for nothing for the Skins will recompence and over 〈◊〉 your Charges How to order your Boxes to keep Conies in If you intend to have good success in your● tame 〈◊〉 you must have things according to accomodate them th● they may breed and thrive and particularly Boxes ●● of good Wainscot in thin Boards about two Foot squa● and one Foot high and these squares divided into t●● Rooms the greater Rooth having open Windows of W●● through which the Conie may feed at pleasure and the lesser totally darkened in which she may lodge and ●●dle and before them a Trough to put in the food 〈◊〉 other necessaries and these Boxes you may set one upo● another for divers stories where there is not larg● conveniencies keeping the Buck Conies by themselv● and your Does seperate unless those that have not b● and with such it is convenient you let a Buck lodge A● when your Does kindles one Nest and then proceed●● kindle another take the first from her and put them to●●ther in several Boxes among the Rabits of suitable a● but there let them have sufficient room for if they ● pestered or as it were stifled up you must not expect them to thrive Of feeding and preserving Conies This feeding the best sort of Conies may be done with a great deal less cost and trouble than some People pretend to or at least ways than the ignorant in ordering them would make the World believe The best Food that you can feed a Conie with is the shortest softest and sweetest Hay and one Lo●d will serve two hundred Couples a whole Year and out of this sto●k of two hundred you may spend in your own House or dispose among your Friends two hundred and sell two hundred more in the Market and nevertheless maintain the Stock good to answer every ordinary casualty Put your Hay into little cloven Sticks and so place it that they may easily reach it and pull it out yet so as neither to seatter or waste it in the Troughs under their Boxes put Oats in their Water and this may properly be their ordinary and constant Food for whatever besides you give them is properly termed rather Physical than Substantial Food and is upon changing dyet for a time conduceing to their health and it may be so ordered to ●e done twice or thrice in a Fortnight and such things may properly be given for the cooling of their Bodies naturally inclinable to heat The best Greens you can give them for the purpose and intentions aforesaid are Mallows young fresh Clover-grass blades of green Corn fower Docks young Turnip tops Cabage and Colwert-leaves and the like all which are very cooling and nourishing and now and then yet but rarely you may give them sweet Grains but beware you do it not often for then you will certainly bring the Rot among them and sweep them away in a very short time In your greens as Grass Corn or the like see there be no young Hemlock in it for they will covet to eat it though all of a sudden it makes them sicken and dye being a kind of poyson to them The Boxes and Holes must not be neglected to be kept clean for they above all things abhor●stench and nastiness and therefore they must not be omitted to be cleansed every day Of Conies in Warrens their ordering feeding c. As for those that are in Warrens there cannot properly be this care taken of them however something is to ● considered as to let them have Bushes and Shelters t● prevent the Hoggard or wild Hawks Kites c. sei●● their young when they bring them out of their Burrough to Air and teach them to feed as also sence such ple●● as may shelter them from the Pole-Cats that haunts the● when they are out a feeding on Moon-shiny Nights ●● other things that disturb them and in Winter when 〈◊〉 weather is hard and little to be got scatter short swe●● Hay especially when the Snow lies on the ground ● feed on scatter likewise some Greens to nourish ●● physick them so that they be kept sound but particularly plash down small Twigs or Boughs of Sallow Birch Osier Beech or any wholsome Tree scatt● them in little heaps lightly up that they