of those whose time is not filled up with labour and useful businesse 8. Let your imployment be such as may become a reasonable person and not be a businesse fit for children or distracted people but fit for your age and understanding For a man may be very idlely busy and take great pains to so little purpose that in his labors and expence of time he shall serve no end but of folly and vanity There are some Trades that wholly serve the ends of idle persons and fools and such as are fit to be seized upon by the severity of laws and banisht from under the sun and there are some people who are busy but it is as Domitian was in catching flyes 9. Let your imployment be fitted to your person and calling Some there are that imploy their time in affairs infinitely below the dignity of their person and being called by God or by the Republick to help to bear great burdens and to judge a people do enfeeble their understandings and disable their persons by sordid and bruitish businesse Thus Nero went up and down Greece and challenged the Fidlers at their trade Aeropus a Macedonian King made Lanterns Harcatius the King of Parthia was a Mole-catcher and Biantes the Lydian filed needles He that is appointed to minister in holy things must not suffer secular affairs and sordid arts to eat up great portions of his imployment a Clergy man must not keep a Tavern nor a Judge be an Inne-keeper and it was a great idlenesse in Theophylact the Patriarch of C. P. to spend his time in his stable of horses when he should have been in his study or the Pulpit or saying his holy offices Such imployments are the diseases of labour and the rust of time which it contracts not by lying still but by dirty imployment 10. Let your imployment be such as becomes a Christian that is in no sence mingled with sin for he that takes pains to serve the ends of covetousnesse or ministers to anothers lust or keeps a shop of impurities or intemperance is idle in the worst sence for every hour so spent runs him backward and must be spent again in the remaining and shorter part of his life and spent better 11. Persons of great quality and of no trade are to be most prudent and curious in their imployment and traffick of time They are miserable if their education hath been so loose and undisciplin'd as to leave them unfurnished of skill to spend their time but most miserable are they if such misgovernment and unskilfulnesse make them fall into vitious and baser company and drive on their time by the sad minutes and periods of sin and death * They that are learned know the worth of time and the manner how well to improve a day and they are to prepare themselves for such purposes in which they may be most useful in order to arts of arms to counsel in publick or government in their Countrey But for others of them that are unlearn'd let them choose good company such as may not tempt them to a vice or joyn with them in any but that may supply their defects by counsel and discourse by way of conduct or conversation Let them learn easy and useful things read history and the laws of the Land learn the customs of their Countrey the condition of their own estate profitable and charitable contrivances of it let them study prudently to govern their families learn the burdens of their Tenants the necessities of their neighbours and in their proportion supply them and reconcile their enmities and prevent their Law-suits or quickly end them and in this glut of leisure and disimployment let them set apart greater portions of their time for religion and the necessities of their Souls 12. Let the women of noble birth and great fortunes do the same things in their proportions and capacities nurse their children look to the affairs of the house visit poor cottages and relieve their necessities be curteous to the neighbourhood learn in silence of their husbands or their spiritual Guides read good books pray often and speak little and learn to do good works for necessary uses for by that phrase S. Paul expresses the obligation of Christian women to good houswifery and charitable provisions for their family and neighbourhood 13. Let all persons of all conditions avoid all delicacy and nicenesse in their clothing or diet because such softnesse engages them upon great mispendings of their time while they dresse and combe out all their opportunities of their morning devotion and half the dayes severity and sleep out the care and provision for their Souls 14. Let every one of every condition avoid curiosity and all enquiry into things that concern them not For all businesse in things that concerns us not is an imploying our time to no good of ours and therefore not in order to a happy Eternity In this account our neighbours necessities are not to be reckoned for they concern us as one member is concern'd in the grief of another but going from house to house tatlers and busie-bodies which are the canker and rust of idlenesse as idâ—enesse is the rust of time are reprooved by the Apostle in severe language and forbidden in order to this exercise 15. As much as may be cut off all impertinent and uselesse imployments of your life unnecessary and phantastick visits long waitings upon great personages where neither dutie nor necessity nor charity obliges us all vain meetings all laborious trifles and whatsoever spends much time to no real civil religious or charitable purpose 16. Let not your recreations be lavish spenders of your time but choose such which are healthful short transient recreative and apt to refresh you but at no hand dwell upon them or make them your great imployment for he that spends his time in sports and calls it recreation is like him whose garment is all made of fringes and his meat nothing but sawces they are healthlesse chargeable and uselesse And therefore avoid such games which require much time or long attendance or which are apt to steal thy affections from more severe imployments For to whatsoever thou hast given thy affections thou wilt not grudge to give thy time Natural necessity and the example of S. Iohn who recreated himself with sporting with a tame Partridge teach us that it is lawful to relax and unbend our bow but not to suffer it to be unready or unstrung 17. Set apart some portions of every day for more solemn devotion and religious imployment which be severe in observing and if variety of imployment or prudent affairs or civil society presse upon you yet so order thy rule that the necessary parts of it be not omitted and though just occasions may make your prayers shorter yet let nothing but a violent sudden and impatient necessity make thee upon any one day wholly to omit thy morning and evening devotions which if you be forced to make very
a wicked Eye is an evil thing and what is created more wicked then an eye Therefore it weepeth upon every occasion Stretch not thy hand whithersoever it looketh and thrust it not with him into the dish A very little is sufficient for a man well nurtured and he fetcheth not his winde short upon his bed Signes and effects of Temperance We shall best know that we have the grace of temperance by the following signes which are as so many arguments to engage us also upon its study and practise 1. A temperate man is modest greedinesse is unmannerly and rude And this is intimated in the advice of the son of Sâ—rach When thou sittest amongst many reach not thy hand out first of all Leave off first for manners sake and be not unsatiable lest thou offend * 2 Temperance is accompanied with gravity of deportment greedinesse is garâ—sh and rejoyces loosely at the sight of dainties * 3. Sound but moderate sleep is its signe and its effect Sound sleep cometh of moderate eating he riseth early and his wits are with him * 4 A spiritual joy a devout prayer 5. * A suppressed and seldom anger * 6. A command of our thoughts and passions * 7. A seldom returning and a never prevailing temptation * 8. To which adde that a temperate person is not curious of sauces and deliciousnesse He thinks not much and speaks not often of meat and drink hath a healthful body and long life unlesse it be hindered by some other accident whereas to gluttony the pain watching and choler the pangs of the belly are continual company And therefore 〈◊〉 said handsomely concerning the luxury of the Rhodians They built houses as if they were immortal but they feasted as if they meant to live but a little while And Anâ—ipater by his reproach of the old glutton Demades well expressed the basenesse of this sin saying that Demades now old and alwayes a glutton was like a spent sacrifice nothing left of him but his belly and his tongue all the man besides is gone Of Drunkennesse But I desire that it be observed that because intemperance in eating is not so soone perceived by others as immoderate drinking and the outward visible effects of it are not either so notorious or so ridiculous therfore gluttony is not of so great disreputation amongst men as drunkennesse yet according to its degree it puts on the greatnesse of the sin before God and is most strickly to be attended to least we be surprized by our security and want of diligence and the intemperance is alike criminal in both according as the affections are either to the meat or drinke Gluttony is more uncharitable to the body and drunkennesse to the soule or the understanding part of man and therefore in Scripture is more frequently forbidden and declaimed against then the other and sobriety hath by use obtained to signify Temperance in drinking Drunkennesse is an immoderate affection and use of drink That I call immoderate that is besides or beyond that order of good things for which God hath given us the use of drink The ends are digestion of our meat cheerfulnesse and refreshment of our spirits or any end of health besides which if we go or at any time beyond it it is inordinate and criminal it is the vice of drunkennesse It is forbidden by our blessed Saviour in these words Take heed to your selves lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfetting and drunkennesse Surfetting that is the evil effects the sottishnesse and remaining stupidity of habitual or of the last nights drunkennesse For Christ forbids both the actual and the habitual intemperance not onely the effect of it but also thâ— affection to it for in both there is sinne He that drinks but little if that little makes him drunk and if he know beforehand his own infirmity is guilty of surfetting not of druâ—kennesse But he that drinks much and is strong to bear it and is not deprived of his reason violently is guilty of the sin of drunkennes It is a sin not to prevent such uncharitable effects upon the body and understanding And therefore a man that loves not the drink is guilty of surfetting if he does not watch to prevent the evil effect and it is a sin and the greater of the two inordinately to love or to use the drink though the surfetting or violence do not follow Good therefore is the counsel of the son of Syrach Shew not thy valiantnesse in wine for wine hath destroyed many Evil consequents to drunkennesse The evils and sad consequents of drunkennesse the consideration of which are as so many arguments to avoyd the sin are to this sence reckoned by the writers of holy Scripture and other wise personages of the world 1. It causeth woes and mischiefe wounds and sorrow sin and shame it maketh bitternesse of spirit brawling and quarrelling it increaseth rage and lesseneth strength it maketh red eyes and a loose and babling tongue 2. It particularly ministers to lust and yet disables the body so that in effect it makes man wanton as a Satyr and impotent as age And Solomon in enumerating the evils of this vice adds this to the account Thine eyes shall behold strange women and thy heart shall utter perverse things as if the drunkard were onely desire and then impatience muttering and enjoying like an Eunuch imbracing a woman 3. It besots and hinders the actions of the understanding making a man brutish in his passions and a fool in his reason and differs nothing from madnesse but that it is voluntary and so is an equal evil in nature and a worse in manners 4. It takes off all the guards and le ts loose the reins of all those evils to which a man is by his nature or by his evil customs inclined and from which he is restrained by reason and severe principles Drunkennesse calls off the Watch men from their towers and then all the evils that can proceed from a loose heart and an untied tongue and a dissolute spirit and an unguarded unlimited will all that we may put upon the accounts of drunkennesse 5. It extinguisheth and quenches the Spirit of God for no man can be filled with the Spirit of God and with wine at the same time And therefore Saint Paul makes them exclusive of each other Be not drunk with wine wherein is excesse but be filled with the Spirit And since Iosephs cup was put into Benjamins sack no man hath a divining gobler 6. It opens all the Sanctuaries of Nature and discovers the nakednesse of the soul all its weaknesses and follies it multiplies sins and discovers them it makes a man uncapable of being a private friend or a publick Counseller 7. It taketh a mans soul into slavery and imprisonment more then any vice whatsoever because it disarms a man of all his reason and his wisdom wherby he might
that we have a great work to do many enemies to conquer many evils to prevent much danger to run through many difficulties to be master'd many necessities to serve and much good to do many children to provide for or many friends to support or many poor to relieve or many diseases to cure besides the needs of nature and of relation our private and our publick cares and duties of the world which necessity and the Providence of God hath adopted into the family of Religion And that we need not fear this instrument to be a snare to us or that the duty must end in scruple vexation and eternal fears we must remember that the life of every man may be so ordered and indeed must that it may be a perpetual serving of God The greatest trouble and most busy trade and wordly incombrances when they are necessary or charitable or profitable in order to any of those ends which we are bound to serve whether publick or private being a doing Gods work For God provides the good things of the world to serve the needs of nature by the labours of the Plowman the skill and pains of the Artisan and the dangers and traffick of the Merchant These men are in their callings the Ministers of the Divine providence and the stewards of the creation and servants of the great family of God the World in the imployment of procuring necessaries for food and clothing ornament and Physick In their proportions also a King and a Priest and a Prophet a Judge and an Advocate doing the works of their imployment according to their proper rules are doing the work of God because they serve those necessities which God hath made and yet made no provisions for them but by their Ministery So that no man can complain that his calling takes him off from religion his calling it self and his very worldly imployment in honest trades and offices is a serving of God and if it be moderately pursued and according to the rules of Christian prudence will leave void spaces enough for prayers and retirements of a more spiritual religion God hath given every man work enough to do that there shall be no room for idlenesse â—nd yet hath so ordered the world that there shall be space for devotion He that hath the fewest businesses of the world is called upon to spend more time in the dressing of his soul and he that hath the most affairs may so order them that they shall be a service of God whilst at certain periods they are blessed with prayers and actions of religion and all day long are hallowed by a holy intention However so long as Idlenesse is quite shut out from our lives all the sins of wantonnesse softnesse and effeminacy are prevented and there is but little room left for temptation and therefore to a busie man temptation is fain to climbe up together with his businesses and sins creep upon him onely by accidents and occasions whereas to an idle person they come in a full body and with open violence and the impudence of a restlesse importunity Idlenesse is called the sin of Sodom and her daughters and indeed is the burial of a living man an idle person being so uselesse to any purposes of God and man that he is like one that is dead unconcerned in the changes and necessities of the world and he onely lives to spend his time and eat the fruits of the earth like vermin or a wolf when their time comes they dye and perish and in the mean time do no good they neither plow nor carry burdens all that they do either is unprofitable or mischievous Idlenesse is the greatest prodigality in the world it throwes away that which is invaluable in respect of its present use and irreparable when it is past being to be recovered by no power of art or nature But the way to secure and improve our time we may practise in the following rules Rules for imploying our Time 1. In the morning when you awake accustome your self to think first upon God or something in order to his service and at night also let him close thine eyes and let your sleep be necessary and healthful not idle and expensive of time beyond the needs and conveniencies of nature and sometimes be curious to see the preparation which the sun makes when he is coming forth from his chambers of the East 2. Let every man that hath a calling be diligent in pursuance of its imployment so as not lightly or without reasonable occasion to neglect it in any of those times which are usually and by the custome of prudent persons and good husbands imployed in it 3. Let all the Intervals or void spaces of time be imployed in prayers reading meditating works of nature recreation charitie friendlinesse and neighbourhood and means of spiritual and corporal health ever remembring so to work in our calling as not to neglect the work of our high calling but to begin and end the day with God with such forms of devotion as shall be proper to our necessities 4. The resting dayes of Christians and Festivals of the Church must in no sense be dayes of idlenesse for it is better to plow upon holy dayes then to do nothing or to do vitiously but let them be spent in the works of the day that is of Religion and Charity according to the rules appointed 5. Avoid the company of Drunkards and busie-bodies and all such as are apt to talk much to little purpose for no man can be provident of his time that is not prudent in the choice of his company and if one of the Speakers be vain tedious and trifling he that hears and he that answers in the discourse are equal losers of their time 6. Never talk with any man or undertake any trifling imployment meerly to passe the time away for every day well spent may become a day of salvation and time rightly employed is an acceptable time And remember that the time thou triflest away was given thee to repent in to pray for pardon of sins to work out thy salvation to do the work of grace to lay up against the day of Judgement a treasure of good works that thy time may be crowned with Eternity 7. In the midst of the works of thy calling often retire to God in short prayers and ejaculations and those may make up the want of those larger portions of time which it may be thou desirest for devotion and in which thou think'st other persons have advantage of thee for so thou reconcilest the outward work and thy inward calling the Church and the Common-wealth the imployment of thy body and the interest of thy soul for be sure that God is present at thy breathings and hearty sighings of prayer assoon as at the longer offices of lesse busied persons and thy time is as truely sanctified by a trade and devout though shorter prayers as by the longer offices
appetite And if this permission be in innocent instances it may be of good use But Solomon tried it in all things taking his fill of all pleasures soon grew weary of them all The same thing we may do by reason which we do by experience if either we will look upon pleasures as we are sure they will look when they go off after their enjoyment or if we will credit the experience of those men who have tasted them and loathed them 5. Often consider and contemplate the joyes of heaven that when they have filled thy desires which are the sails of the soul thou mayest steer onely thither and never more look back to Sodom And when thy soul dwels above and looks down upon the pleasures of the World they seeme like things at distance little and contemptible and men running after the satisfaction of their sottish appetites seem foolish as fishes thousands of them running after a rotten worme that covers a deadly hook or at the best but like children with great noise pursuing a bubble rising from a wallnut shell which ends sooner then the noise 6. To this the example of Christ and his Apostles of Moses and all the Wise men of all ages of the world will much help who understanding how to distinguish good from evil did choose a sad and melancholy way to feliâ—itie rather then the broad pleasant and easie path to folly and misery But this is but the general Its first particular is Temperance SECT II. Of Temperance in Eating and Drinking SObriety is the bridle of the passions of desire and Temperance is the bit and curb of that bridle a restraint put into a mans mouth a moderate use of meat and drink so as may best consist with our health and may not hinder but help the works of the soul by its necessary supporting us and ministring cheerfulnesse and refreshment Temperance consists in the actions of the soul principally for it is a grace that chooses natural means in order to proper and natural and holy ends It is exercised about eating drinking because they are necessary but therefore it permits the use of them onely as they minister to lawful ends It does not eate and drink for pleasure but for need and for refreshment which is a part or a degree of need I deny not but eating and drinking may be and in healthful bodies alwayes is with pleasure because there is in nature no greater pleasure than that all the appetites which God hath made should be satisfied and a man may choose a morsel that is pleasant the lesse pleasant being rejected as being lesse useful lesse apt to nourish or more agreeing with an infirm stomach or when the day is festival by order or by a private joy In all these cases it is permitted to receive a more free delight and to designe it too as the lesse principal that is that the chief reason why we choose the more delicious be the serving that end for which such refreshments and choices are permitted But when delight is the only end and rests in it self and dwells there long then eating and drinking is not a serving of God but an inordinate action because it is not in the way to that end whether God directed it But the choosing of a delicate before a more ordinary dish is to be done as other humane actions are in which there are no degrees and precise natural limits described but a latitude is indulged it must be done moderately prudently and according to the accounts of wise religious and sober men and then God who gave us such variety of creatures and our choice to use which we will may receive glorie from our temperate use and thanksgiving and we may use them indifferently without scruple and a making them to become snares to us either by too licentious and studied use of them or too restrained and scrupulous fear of using them at all but in such certain circumstances in which no man can be sure he is not mistaken But temperance in meat and drink is to be estimated by the following measures Measures of Temperance in eating 1. Eat not before the time unlesse necessity or charity or any intervening accident which may make it reasonable and prudent should happen Remember it had almost cost Ionathan his life because he tasted a little hony beâ—ore the sun went down contrary to the Kings commandment and although a great need which he had excused him from the sin of gluttony yet it is inexcusable when thou eatest before the usual time and thrustest thy hand into the dish unseasonably out of greedinesse of the pleasure and impatience of the delay 2. Eat not hastily and impatiently but with such decent and timely action that your eating be a humane act subject to deliberation and choice and that you may consider in the eating whereas he that eats hastily cannot consider particularly of the circumstances degrees and little accidents and chances that happen in his meale but may contract many little undecencies and be suddenly surprised 3. Eat not delicately or nicely that is be not troublesome to thy self or others in the choice of thy meats or the delicacy of thy sauces It was imputed as a sin to the sons of Israel that they loathed Manna and longed for flesh the quails stuck in their nostrills and the wrath of God fell upon them And for the manner of dressing the sons of Eli were noted of indiscreet curiosity they would not have the flesh boiled but raw that they might rost it with fire Not that it was a sin to eat it or desire meat rosted but that when it was appointed to be boil'd they refused it which declared an intemperate and a nice palate It is lawful in all senses to comply with a weak and a nice stomach but not with a nice and curious palate When our health requires it that ought to be provided for but not so our sensuality and intemperate longings Whatsoever is set before you eat if it be provided for you you may eat it be it never so delicate and be it plain and common so it be wholsom and fit for you it must not be refus'd upon curiosity for every degree of that is a degree of intemperance Happy and innocent were the ages of our forefathers who eat herbs and parched corne and drank the pure stream and broke their fast with nuts and roots and when they were permitted flesh eat it onely dressed with hunger and fire and the first sauce they had was bitter herbs and sometimes bread dipt in vinegar But in this circumstance moderation is to be reckoned in proportion to the present customs to the company to education and the judgement of honest and wise persons and the necessities of nature 4. Eat not too much load neither thy stomach nor thy understanding If thou sit at a bountiful table be not greedy upon it and say not there is much meat on it Remember that
the use of it perpetual and unreasonable to all purposes but that they have made it habitual and necessary as intemperance it self is made to some men 11. Use those advices which are prescribed as instruments to suppresse voluptuousnesse in the foregoing Section Of Chastity Reader stay and reade not the advices of the following Section unlesse thou hast a chaste spirit or desirest to be chaste or at least art apt to consider whether you ought or no. For there are some spirits so Atheistical and some so wholly possessed with a spirit of uncleannesse that they turn the most prudent and chaste discourses into dirt and filthy apprehensions like cholerick stomacks changing their very Cordials and medicines into bitternesse and in a literal sense turning the grace of God into wantonnesse They study cases of conscience in the matter of carnal sins not to avoid but to learn wayes how to offend God and pollute their own spirits and search their houses with a Sun-beam that they may be instructed in all the corners of nastinesse I have used all the care I could in the following periods that I might neither be wanting to assist those that need it nor yet minister any occasion of fancy or vainer thoughts to those that need them not If any man will snatch the pure taper from my hand and hold it to the Devil he will onely burn his own fingers but shall not rob me of the reward of my care and good intention since I have taken heed how to expresse the following duties and given him caution how to reade them CHastity is that duty which was mystically intended by GOD in the Law of Circumcision It is the circumcision of the heart the cutting off all superfluity of naughtinesse and a suppression of all irregular desires in the matter of sensual or carnal pleasure I call all desires irregular and sinful that are not sanctified 1. By the holy institution or by being within the protection of marriage 2. By being within the order of nature 3. By being within the moderation of Christian modesty Against the first are fornication adultery and all voluntary pollutions of either sex Against the second are all unnatural lusts and incestuous mixtures Against the third is all immoderate use of permitted beds concerning which judgement is to be made as concerning meats and drinks there being no certain degree of frequency or intension prescribed to all persons but it is to be ruled as the other actions of a man by proportion to the end by the dignity of the person in the honour and severity of being a Christian and by other circumstances of which I am to give account Chastity is that grace which forbids and restrains all these keeping the body and soul pure in that state in which it is placed by God whether of the single or of the married life Concerning which our duty is thus described by S. Paul For this is the will of God even your sanctification that ye should abstain from fornication that every one of you should know how to possesse his vessel in sanctification and honour Not in the lust of concupiscence even as the Gentiles which know not God Chastity is either abstinence or continence Abstinence is that of Virgins or Widows Continence of married persons Chaste marriages are honourable and pleasing to God Widowhood is pitiable in its solitarinesse and losse but amiable and comely when it is adorned with gravity and purity and not sullied with remembrances of the passed license nor with present desires of returning to a second bed But Virginity is a life of Angels the enamel of the soul the huge advantage of religion the great opportunity for the retirements of devotion and being empty of cares it is full of prayers being unmingled with the World it is apt to converse with God and by not feeling the warmth of a too forward and indulgent nature flames out with holy fires till it be burning like the Cherubim and the most extasied order of holy and unpolluted Spirits Natural virginity of it self is not a state more acceptable to God but that which is chosen and voluntary in order to the conveniences of Religion and separation from worldly incombrances is therefore better then the married life not that it is more holy but that it is a freedom from cares an opportunity to spend more time in spiritual imployments it is not allayed with businesses and attendances upon lower affairs and if it be a chosen condition to these ends it containeth in it a victory over lusts and greater desires of Religion and self-denial and therefore is more excellent then the married life in that degree in which it hath greater religion and a greater mortification a lesse satisfaction of natural desires a greater fulnesse of the spiritual and just so is to expect that little coronet or special reward which God hath prepared extraordinary and besides the great Crown of all faithful souls for those who have not defiled themselves with women but follow the Virgin Lamb for ever But some married persons even in their marriage do better please God then some Virgins in their state of virginity They by giving great example of conjugal affection by preserving their faith unbroken by educating children in the fear of God by patience and contentednesse and holy thoughts and the exercise of vertues proper to that state do not onely please God but do it in a higher degree then those Virgins whose piety is not answerable to their great opportunities and advantages However married persons and Widows and Virgins are all servants of God and coheirs in the inheritance of Jesus if they live within the restraints and laws of their particular estate chastely temperately justly and religiously The evil consequents of Vncleannesse The blessings and proper effects of chastity we shall best understand by reckoning the evils of uncleannesse and carnality 1. Uncleannesse of all vices is the most shameful The eye of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight saying No eye shall see me and disguiseth his face In the dark they dig through houses which they had marked for themselves in the day time they know not the light for the morning is to them as the shadow of death He is swift as the waters their portion is cursed in the earth he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards Shame is the eldest daughter of Uncleannesse 2. The appetites of uncleannesse are full of cares and trouble and its fruition is sorrow and repentance The way of the adulterer is hedg'd with thorns full of fears and jealousies burning desires and impatient waitings tediousnesse of delay and sufferance of affronts and amazements of discovery 3. Most of its kindes are of that condition that they involve the ruine of two souls and he that is a fornicatour or adulterous steals the soul as well as dishonours the body of his Neighbour and so it becomes like the sin of falling Lucifer
woman to lust after her And supposing all the other members restrained yet if the eye be permitted to lust the man can no otherwise be called chast then he can be called severe and mortified that sits all day seeing playes revellings and out of greedinesse to fill his eye neglects his belly There are some vessels which if you offer to lift by the belly or bottom you cannot stir them but are soon removed if you take them by the ears It matters not with which of your members you are taken and carried off from your dutie and severity 4. To have a heart and minde chast and pure that is detesting all uncleannesse disliking all its motions past actions circumstances likenesses discourses and this ought to be the chastity of Virgins and Widows of old persons and Eunuchs especially and generally of all men according to their several necessities 6. To Discourse chastly and purely with great care declining all undecencies of language chastening the tongue and restraining it with grace as vapours of wine are restrained with a bunch of myrrhe 6. To disapprove by an after act all involuntary and natural pollutions for if a man delights in having suffered any natural pollution and with pleasure remember it he chooses that which was in it self involuntary and that which being natural was innocent becoming voluntary is made sinful 7. They that have performed these duties and parts of Chastity will certainly abstain from all exteriour actions of uncleannesse those noon-day and mid-night Devils those lawlesse and ungodly worshippings of shame and uncleannesse whose birth is in trouble whose growth is in folly and whose end is in shame But besides these general acts of Chastity which are common to all states of men and women there are some few things proper to the severals Acts of virginal Chastity 1. Virgins must remember that the virginitie of the body is onely excellent in order to the puritie of the soul who therefore must consider that since they are in some measure in a condition like that of angels it is their duty to spend much of their time in Angelical imployment for in the same degree that Virgins live more spiritually then other persons in the same degree is their virginity a more excellent state But else it is no better then that of involuntary or constrained Eunuchs a misery and a trouble or else a mere privation as much without excellency as without mixture 2. Virgins must contend for a singular modesty whose first part must be an ignorance in the distinction of sexes or their proper instruments or if they accidentally be instructed in that it must be supplied with an inadvertency or neglect of all thoughts and remembrances of such difference and the following parts of it must be pious and chast thoughts holy language and modest carriage 3. Virgins must be retired and unpublick for all freedom and loosenesse of society is a violence done to virginity not in its natural but in its moral capacity that is it looses part of its severity strictnesse and opportunity of advantages by publishing that person whose work is religion whose company is Angels whose thoughts must dwell in heaven and separate from all mixtures of the world 4. Virgins have a peculiar obligation to charity for this is the virginity of the soul as puritie integrity and separation is of the body which doctrine we are taught by Saint Peter Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth thorough the spirit unto unfaigned love of the brethren see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently For a Virgin that consecrates her body to God and pollutes her spirit with rage or impatience or inordinate anger gives him what he most hates a most foul and defiled soul. 5. These rules are necessary for Virgins that offer that state to God and mean not to enter into the state of marriage for they that onely wait the opportunity of a convenient change are to steer themselves by the general rules of Chastity Rules for Widows or vidual Chastity For Widows the fontinel of whose desires hath been opened by the former permissions of the marriage-bed they must remember 1. That God hath now restrain'd the former license bound up their eyes and shut up their heart into a narrower compasse and hath given them sorrow to be a bridle to their desires A Widow must be a mourner and she that is not cannot so well secure the chastity of her proper state 2. It is against publick honesty to marry another man so long as she is with childe by her former Husband and of the same fame it is in a lesser proportion to marry within the year of mourning but anciently it was infamous for her to marry till by common account the body was dissolved into its first principle of earth 3. A Widow must restrain her memory and her fancy not recalling or recounting her former permissions and freer licenses with any present delight for then she opens that sluce which her Husbands death and her own sorrow have shut up 4. A Widow that desires her widowhood should be a state pleasing to God must spend her time as devoted Virgins should in fastings and prayers and charity 5. A Widow must forbid her self to use those temporal solaces which in her former estate were innocent but now are dangerous Rules sor married persons or matrimonial chastity Concerning married persons besides the keeping of their mutual faith and contract with each other these particulars are useful to be observed 1. Although their mutual endearments are safe within the protection of marriage yet they that have Wives or Husbands must be as though they had them not that is they must have an affection greater to each other then they have to any person in the world but not greater then they have to God but that they be ready to part with all interest in each others person rather then sin against God 2. In their permissions and license they must be sure to observe the order of Nature and the ends of God He is an ill Husband that uses his Wife as a man treats a Harlot having no other end but pleasure Concerning which our best rule is that although in this as in eating and drinking there is an appetite to be satisfied which cannot be done without pleasing that desire yet since that desire and satisfaction was intended by Nature for other ends they should never be separate from those ends but alwayes be joyned with all or one of these ends with a desire of children or to avoyd fornication or to lighten and ease the cares and sadnesses of houshold affairs or to endear each other but never with a purpose either in act or desire to separate the sensuality from these ends which hallow it Onan did separate his act from its proper end and so ordered his embraces that his Wife should not conceive and God punished him 3. Married persons must keep
the publick wisdom and necessity shall impose upon me at no hand murmuring against government lest the Spirit of pride and mutiny of murmur and disorder enter into me and consigne me to the portion of the disobedient and rebellious of the Despisers of dominion and revilers of dignity Grant this O holy God for his sake who for his obedience to the Father hath obtained the glorification of eternal ages our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen Prayers for Kings and all Magistrates for our Parents spiritual and natural are in the following Letanies at the end of the fourth Chapter A Prayer to be said by Subjects when their Land is invaded and over-run by barbarous or wicked people enemies of the Religion or the Government I. O Eternal God thou alone rulest in the Kingdoms of men thou art the great God of battels and recompences and by thy glorious wisdom by thy Almighty power by thy secret providence doest determine the events of war and the issues of humane counsels and the returns of peace and victory now at least be pleased to let the light of thy countenance and the effects of a glorious mercy a gracious pardon return to this Land Thou seest how great evils we suffer under the power tyranny of war although we submit to adore thy justice in our sufferings yet be pleased to pity our misery to hear our complaints and to provide us of remedy against our present calamities let not the defenders of a righteous cause go away ashamed nor our counsels be for ever confounded nor our parties defeated nor religion suppressed nor learning discountenanced and we be spoiled of all the exteriour ornaments instruments and advantages of piety which thou hast been pleased formerly to minister to our infirmities for the interests of learning and religion Amen II. WE confesse dear God that we have deserved to be totally extinct and separate from the Communion of Saints and the comforts of Religion to be made servants to ignorant unjust and inferiour persons or to suffer any other calamitie which thou shalt allot us as the instrument of thy anger whom we have so often provoked to wrath and jealousie Lord we humbly lye down under the burden of thy rod begging of thee to remember our infirmities and no more to remember our sins to support us with thy staff to lift us up with thy hand to refresh us with thy gracious eye and if a sad cloud of temporal infelicities must still encircle us open unto us the window of Heaven that with an eye of faith and hope we may see beyond the cloud looking upon those mercies which in thy secret providence and admirable wisdom thou designest to all thy servants from such unlikely and sad beginnings Teach us diligently to do all our duty and cheerfully to submit to all thy will and at last be gracious to thy people that call upon thee that put their trust in thee that have laid up all their hopes in the bosome of God that besides thee have no helper Amen A Prayer to be said by Parents for their Children O Almighty and most merciful Father who hast promised children as a reward to the Righteous and hast given them to me as a testimony of thy mercy and an engagement of my duty be pleased to be a Father unto them and give them healthful bodies understanding souls and sanctified spirits that they may be thy servants and thy children all their dayes Let a great mercy and providence lead them through the dangers and temptations and ignorances of their youth that they may never run into folly and the evils of an unbridled appetite So order the accidents of their lives that by good education careful Tutors holy example innocent company prudent counsel and thy restraining grace their duty to thee may be secured in the midst of a crooked and untoward generation and if it seem good in thy eyes let me be enabled to provide conveniently for the support of their persons that they may not be destitute and miserable in my death or if thou shalt call me off from this World by a more timely summons let their portion be thy care mercy and providence over their bodies and souls and may they never live vitious lives nor dye violent or untimely deaths but let them glorifie thee here with a free obedience and the duties of a whole life that when they have served thee in their generations and have profited the Christian Common-wealth they may be coheirs with Jesus in the glories of thy eternal Kingdom through the same our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen A Prayer to be said by Masters of Families Curats Tutors or other obliged persons for their charges O Almighty God merciful and gracious have mercy upon my Family or Pupils or Parishioners c. and all committed to my charge sanctifie them with thy grace preserve them with thy providence guard them from all evil by the custody of Angels direct them in the wayes of peace and holy Religion by my Ministery and the conduct of thy most holy Spirit and consigne them all with the participation of thy blessings and graces in this World with healthful bodies with good understandings and sanctified spirits to a full fruition of thy glories hereafter through Jesus Christ our Lord. A Prayer to be said by Merchants Tradesmen and Handicrafts men O Eternal God thou Fountain of justice mercy and benediction who by my education and other effects of thy providence hast called me to this profession that by my industry I may in my small proportion work together for the good of my self and others I humbly beg thy grace to guide me in my intention and in the transaction of my affairs that I may be diligent just and faithful and give me thy favour that this my labour may be accepted by thee as a part of my necessary duty and give me thy blessing to assist and prosper me in my Calling to such measures as thou shalt in mercy choose for me and be pleased to let thy holy Spirit be for ever present with me that I may never be given to covetousnesse and sordid appetites to lying and falsehood or any other base indirect and beggerly arts but give me prudence honesty and Christian sincerity that my trade may be sanctified by my Religion my labour by my intention and thy blessing that when I have done my portion of work thou hast allotted me and improv'd the talent thou hast intrusted to me and serv'd the Common-wealth in my capacity I may receive the mighty price of my high calling which I expect and beg in the portion and inheritance of the ever blessed Saviour and Redeemer Jesus Amen A Prayer to be said by Debtors and all persons obliged whether by crime or contract O Almighty God who art rich unto all the treasure and Fountain of all good of all justice and all mercy and all bounty to whom we owe all that we are and all
much more shall your Heavenly Father give his Spirit to them that ask him 4. The consideration of the Divine Omnipotence and infinite wisdom and our own ignorance are great instruments of curing all doubting and silencing the murmures of infidelity 5. Avoid all curiosity of inquiry into particulars and circumstances and mysteries for true faith is full of ingenuity and hearty simplicity free from suspicion wise and confident trusting upon generals without watching and prying into unnecessary or undiscernable particulars No Man carries his bed into his field to watch how his corn grows but believes upon the general order of Providence and Nature and at Harvest findes himself not deceived 6. In time of temptation be not busie to dispute but relye upon the conclusion and throw your self upon God and contend not with him but in prayer and in the presence and with the help of a prudent untempted guide and be sure to esteem all changes of belief which offer themselves in the time of your greatest weaknesse contrary to the perswasions of your best understanding to bee temptations and reject them accordingly 7. It is a prudent course that in our health and best advantages we lay up particular arguments and instruments of perswasion and confidence to be brought forth and used in the great day of expence and that especially in such things in which we use to be most tempted and in which we are least confident and which are most necessary and which commonly the Devil uses to assault us withal in the days of our visitation 8. The wisdom of the Church of God is very remarkable in appointing Festivals or Holidayes whose solemnity and Offices have no other special businesse but to record the Article of the day such as Trinity Sunday Ascension Easter Christmas day and to those persons who can onely believe not prove or dispute there is no better instrument to cause the remembrance and plain notion and to endear the affection and hearty assent to the Article then the proclaiming and recommending it by the festivity and joy of a Holy day Sect. II. Of the Hope of a Christian. FAith differs from Hope in the extension of its object and in the intension of degree Saint Austin thus accounts their differences Faith is of all things revealed good and bad rewards and punishments of things past present and to come of things that concern us and of things that concern us not But Hope hath for its Object things onely that are good and fit to be hoped for future and concerning our selves and because these things are offered to us upon conditions of which we may so fail as we may change our will therefore our certainty is lesse then the adherences of faith which because Faith relyes onely upon one proposition that is the truth of the Word of God cannot be made uncertain in themselves though the object of our Hope may become uncertain to us and to our possession for it is infallibly certain that there is Heaven for all the godly and for me amongst them all if I do my duty But that I shall enter into Heaven is the object of my Hope not of my Faith and is so sure as it is certain I shall persevere in the wayes of God The Acts of Hope are 1. To relye upon God with a confident expectation of his promises ever esteeming that every promise of God is a magazine of all that grace and relief which we can need in that instance for which the promise is made Every degree of hope is a degree of confidence 2. To esteem all the danger of an action and the possibilities of miscarriage and every crosse accident that can intervene to be no defect on Gods part but either a mercy on his part or a fault on ours for then we shall be sure to trust in God when we see him to be our confidence and our selves the cause of all mischances The hope of a Christian is prudent and religious 3. To rejoyce in the midst of a misfortune or seeming sadnesse knowing that this may work for good and will if we be not wanting to our souls This is a direct act of Hope to look through the cloud and look for a beam of light from God and this is called in Scripture Rejoycing in tribulation when the God of hope fils us with all joy in believing Every degree of hope brings a degree of joy 4. To desire to pray and to long for the great object of our hope the mighty price of our high calling and to desire the other things of this life as they are promised that is so far as they are made necessary and useful to us in order to Gods glory and the great end of fouls Hope and Fasting are said to be the two wings of Prayer Fasting is but as the wing of a Bird but Hope is like the wing of an Angel soaring up to Heaven and bears our prayers to the throne of Grace Without Hope it is impossible to pray but Hope makes our prayers reasonable passionate and religious for it relyes upon Gods promise or experience or providence and story Prayer is alwayes in proportion to our Hope zealous and affectionate 5. Perseverance is the perfection of the duty of hope and its last act and so long as our hope continues so long we go on in duty and diligence but he that is to raise a Castle in an hour sits down does nothing towards it and Herod the Sophister left off to teach his son when he saw that 24 Pages appointed to wait on him and called by the several Letters of the Alphabet could never make him to understand his letters perfectly Rules to govern our Hope 1. Let your Hope be moderate proportioned to your state person and condition whether it be for gifts or graces or temporal favours It is an ambitious hope for a person whose diligence is like them that are least in the Kingdom of Heaven to believe themselves endeaâ—'d to God as the greatest Saints or that they shall have a throne equal to S. Paul or the blessed Virgin Mary A Stammerer cannot with moderation hope for the gift of Tongues or a Peasant to become learned as Origen or if a Beggar desires or hopes to become a King or asks for a thousand pound a year we call him impudent not passionate much lesse reasonable Hope that God will crown your endeavours with equal measures of that reward which he indeed freely gives but yet gives according to our proportions Hope for good successe according to or not much beyond the efficacy of the causes and the instrument and let the Husbandman hope for a good Harvest not for a rich Kingdom or a victorious Army 2. Let your hope be well founded relying upon just confidences that is upon God according to his revelations and promises For it is possible for a Man to have a vain hope upon God and in matters of Religion it is presumption to hope
Divine instrument it does not prevail by the force of deduction and artificial discoursings onely but chieâ—ly by way of blessing in the ordinance and in the ministery of an appointed person At least obey the publick order and reverence the constitution and give good example of humility charity and obedience 8. When Scriptures are read you are onely to enquire with diligence and modesty into the meaning of the Spirit but if homilies or sermons be made upon the words of Scripture you are to consider whether all that be spoken be conformable to the Scriptures For although you may practise for humane reasons and humane arguments ministred from the Preacherâ— art yet you must practise nothing but the command of God nothing but the Doctrine of Scripture that is the text 9. Use the advice of some spirituall or other prudent man for the choice of such spiritual books which may be of use and benefit for the edification of thy spirit in the wayes of holy living and esteem that time well accounted for that is prudently and affectionately imployed in hearing or reading good books and pious discourses ever remembring that God by hearing us speak to him in prayer obliges us to hear him speak to us in his word by what instrument soever it be conveyed SECT V. Of Fasting FAsting if it be considered in it self without relation to Spiritual ends is a duty no where enjoyned or counselled But Christianity hath to do with it as it may be made an instrument of the Spirit by subduing the lusts of the flesh or removing any hindrances of religion And it hath been practised by all ages of the Church and advised in order to three ministeries 1. To Prayer 2. To Mortification of bodily lusts 3. To Repentance and is to be practised according to the following measures Rules for Christian Fasting 1. Fasting in order to prayer is to be measured by the proportions of the times of prayer that is it ought to be a total faft from all things during the solemnity unlesse a probable necessity intervene Thus the Jews eate nothing upon the Sabbath-dayes till their great offices were performed that is about the sixth hour and S. Peter used it as an argument that the Apostles in Penteâ—ost were not drunk because it was but the third hour of the day of such a day in which it was not lawful to eat or drink til the sixth hour and the Jews were offended at the Disciples for plucking the ears of corn upon the Sabbath early in the morning because it was before the time in which by their customs they esteemed it lawful to break their fast In imitation of this custom and in prosecution of the reason of it the Christian Church hath religiously observed fasting before the Holy Communion and the more devout persons though without any obligation at all refused to eat or drink till they had finished their morning devotions and further yet upon dayes of publick humiliation which are designed to be spent wholly in Devotion and for the averting Gods judgements if they were imminent fasting is commanded together with prayer commanded I say by the Church to this end that the Spirit might be clearer and more Angelical when it is quitted in some proportions from the loads of flesh 2. Fasting when it is in order to Prayer must be a total abstinence from all meat or else an abatement of the quantity for the help which fasting does to prayer cannot be served by changing flesh into fish or milk-meats into dry diet but by turning much into little or little into none at all during the time of solemn and extraordinary prayer 3. Fasting as it is instrumental to Prayer must be attended with other aids of the like vertue and efficacy such as are removing for the time all worldly cares and secular businesses and therefore our blessed Saviour enfolds these parts within the same caution Take heed lest your hearts be overcharged with surfetting and drunkennesse and the cares of this world and that day overtake you unawares To which adde alms for upon the wings of fasting and alms holy prayer infallibly mounts up to Heaven 4. When Fasting is intended to serve the duty of Repentance it is then best chosen when it is short sharp and afflictive that is either a total abstinence from all nourishment according as we shall appoint or be appointed during such a time as is separate for the solemnity and attendance upon the imployment or if we shall extend our severity beyond the solemn dayes and keep our anger against our sin as we are to keep our sorrow that is alwayes in a readinesse and often to be called upon then to refuse a pleasant morsel to abstaine from the bread of our desires and onely to take wholsome and lesse pleasing nourishment vexing our appetite by the refusing a lawful satisfaction since in its petulancie and luxurie it preyed upon an unlawfull 5. Fasting designed for repentance must be ever joyned with an extream care that we fast from sin for there is no greater folly or undecency in the world then to commit that for which I am now judging and condemning my self This is the best fast and the other may serve to promote the interest of this by increasing the disaffection to it and multiplying arguments against it 6. He that fasts for repentance must during that solemnity abstain from all bodily delights and the sensuality of all his senses and his appetites for a man must not when he mourns in his fast be merry in his sport weep at dinner and laugh all day after have a silence in his kitchen and musick in his chamber judge the stomack and feast the other seâ—ses I deny not but a man may in a single instance punish a particular sin with a proper instrument If a man have offended in his palate he may choose to fast onely if he have sinned in softnesse and in his touch he may choose to lye hard or work hard and use sharp inflictions but although this Discipline be proper and particular yet because the sorrow is of the whole man no sense must rejoyce or be with any study or purpose feasted and entertained softly This rule is intended to relate to the solemn dayes appointed for repentance publickly or privately besides which in the whole course of our life even in the midst of our most festival and freer joyes we may sprinkle some single instances and acts of self condemning or punishing as to refuse a pleasant morsel or a delicious draught with a tâ—cit remembrance of the sin that now returns to displease my spirit and though these actions be single there is no undecency in them because a man may abate of his ordinary liberty bold freedom w th great prudence so he does â—t without singularity in himself or trouble to others but he may not abate of his solemn sorrow that may be caution but this would be softnesse effoeminacy and undecency 7· When
is declared In the fourth Commandement hee proclaims himself the Maker of Heaven and Earth for in memory of Gods rest from the work of six dayes the seventh was hallowed into a Sabbath and the keeping it was a confessing GOD to bee the great Maker of Heaven and Earth and consequently to this it also was a confession of his goodnesse his Omnipotence and his Wisdom all which were written with a Sun beam in the great book of the Creature So long as the Law of the Sabbath was bound upon Gods people so long GOD would have that to be the folemn manner of confessing these attributes but when the Priesthood being changed there was a change also of the Law the great duty remain'd unalterable in changed circumstances We are eternally bound to confesse God Almighty to be the Maker of Heaven and Earth but the manner of confessing it is chang'd from a rest or a doing nothing to a speaking something from a day to a symbol from a ceremony to a substance from a Jewish rite to a Christian duty we professe it in our Creed we confesse it in our lives we describe it by every line of our life by every action of duty by faith and trust and obedience and we do also upon great reason comply with the Jewish manner of confessing the Creation so far as it is instrumental to a real duty We keepe one day in seven and so confesse the manner and circumstance of the Creation and we rest also that we may tend holy duties so imitating Gods rest better then the Jew in Synesius who lay upon his face from evening to evening and could not by stripes or wounds be raised up to steer the ship in a great storm Gods rest was not a natural cessation hee who could not labour could not be said to rest but Gods rest is to be understood to be a beholding and a rejoycing in his work finished and therefore we truly represent Gods rest when we confesse and rejoyce in Gods works and Gods glory This the Christian Church does upon every day but especially upon the Lords day which she hath set apart for this and all other Ofâ—ices of Religion being determined to this day by the Resurrection of her dearest Lord it being the first day of joy the Church ever had And now upon the Lords day we are not tyed to the rest of the Sabbath but to all the work of the Sabbath and we are to abstain from bodily labour not because it is a direct duty to us as it was to the Jews but because it is necessary in order to our duty that we attend to the Offices of Religion The observation of the Lords day differs nothing from the observation of the Sabbath in â—he matter of Religion but in the manner They differ in the ceremony and external rite Rest with them was the principal with us it is the accessory They differ in the office or forms of worship For they were then to worship God as a Creator and a gentle Father we are to adde to that Our Redeemer and all his other excellencies and mercies and though we have more natural and proper reason to keep the Lords day then the Sabbath yet the Jews had a Divine Commandement for their day which we have not for ours but we have many Commandements to do all that honour to GOD which was intended in the fourth Commandement and the Apostles appointed the first day of the week for doing it in solemne Assemblies and the manner of worshipping God and doing him solemn honour and service upon this day we may best observe in the following measures Rules for keeping the Lords day and other Christian Festivals 1. When you go about to distinguish Festival dayes from common do it not by lessening the devotions of ordinary dayes that the common devotion may seem bigger upon Festivals but on every day keep your ordinary devotions intire and enlarge upon the Holy day 2. Upon the Lords day wee must abstaine from all servile and laborious workes except such which are matters of necessity of common life or of great charity for these are permitted by that authority which hath separated the day for holy uses The Sabbath of the Jewes though consisting principally in rest and established by God did yeeld to these The labour of Love and the labours of Religion were not against the reason and the spirit of the Commandement for which the Letter was decreed and to which it ought to minister And therefore much more is it so on the Lords day where the Letter is wholly turned into Spirit and there is no Commandement of God but of spiritual and holy actions The Priests might kill their beasts and dresse them for sacrifice and Christ though born under the law might heal a sick man and the sick man might carry hâ—s bed to witnesse his recovery and confesse the mercy and leap and dance to God for joy and an Ox might be led to water and an Asse be haled ouâ— of a ditch and a man may take physick and he may eat meat and therefore there were of necessity some to prepare and minister it and the performing these labours did not consist in minutes and just determined stages but they had even then a reasonable latitude so onely as to exclude unnecessary labour or such as did not minister to charity or religion And therefore this is to be enlarged in the Gospel whose Sabbath or rest is but a circumstance and accessory to the principal and spiritual duties Upon the Christian Sabbath necessity is to be served first then charity and then religion for this is to give place to charity in great instances and the second to the first in all and in all cases God is to be worshipped in spirit and in truth 3. The Lords day being the remembrance of a great blessing must be a day of joy festivity spiritual rejoycing and thanksgiving and therefore it is a proper work of the day to let your devotions spend themselves in singing or reading Psalms in recounting the great works of God in remembring his mercies in worshipping his excellencies in celebrating his attributes in admiring his person in sending portions of pleasant meat to them for whom nothing is provided in all the arts and instruments of advancing Gods glory the reputation of religion in which it were a great decency that a memorial of the resurrection should be inserted that the particular religion of the day be not swallowed up in the general And of this we may the more easily serve our selves by rising seasonably in the morning to private devotion and by retiring at the leisures and spaces of the day not imployed in publick offices 4. Fail not to be present at the publick hours and places of prayer entring early and cheerfully attending reverently and devoutly abiding patiently during the whole office piously assisting at the prayers and gladly also hearing the Sermon and at no hand omitting to
may very much be helped if we take in the assistance of a spiritual Guide therefore the Church of God in all ages hath commended and in most ages enjoyn'd that we confesse our sins and discover the state and condition of our souls to such a person whom we or our superiours judge fit to help us in such needs For so if we confesse our sins one to another as S. Iames advises wee shall obtaine the prayers of the holy Man whom God and the Church hath appointed solemnly to pray for us and when he knowes our needs he can best minister comfort or reproof oyl or Causticks he can more opportunely recommend your particular state to GOD he can determine your cases of conscience and judge better for you then you do for your self and the shame of opening such Ulcers may restrain your forwardnesse to contract them and all these circumstances of advantage will do very much towards the forgivenesse And this course was taken by the new Converts in the dayes of the Apostles For many that believed came and confessed and shewed their deeds And it were well if this duty were practised prudently and innocently in order to publick Discipline or private comfort and instruction but that it be done to God is a duty not directly for it self but for its adjuncts and the duties that go with it or before it or after it which duties because they are all to be helped and guided by our Pastors and Curates of souls he is careful of his eternal interest that will not lose the advantage of using a private guide and judge He that hideth his sins shall not prosper Non dirigetur saith the Vulgar Latin he shall want a guide but who confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy And to this purpose Climaâ—us reports that divers holy persons in that age did use to carry Table-books with them and in them describ'd an account of all their determinate thoughts purposes words and actions in which they had suffered infirmity that by communicating the estate of their souls they might be instructed and guided and corrected or incouraged 6. True repentance must reduce to act all its holy purposes and enter into and run through the state of holy living which is contrary to that state of darknesse in which in times past we walked For to resolve to do it and yet not to do it is to break our resolution and our faith to mock God to falsifie and evacuate all the preceding acts of repentance and to make our pardon hopelesse and our hope fruitlesse He that resolves to live well when a danger is upon him or a violent fear or when the appetites of Lust are newly satisfied or newly served and yet when the temptation comes again sins again and then is sorrowful and resolves once more against it and yet fals when the temptation returns is a vain Man but no true penitent nor in the state of grace and if he chance to dye in one of these good moods is very far from salvation for if it be necessary that we resolve to live well it is necessary we should do so For resolution is an imperfect act a term of relation and signifies nothing but in order to the action it is as a faculty is to the act as Spring is to the Harvest as Egges are to Birds as a Relative to its Correspondent nothing without it No Man therefore can be in the state of grace and actual favour by resolutions and holy purposes these are but the gate and portal towards pardon a holy life is the onely perfection of Repentance and the firme ground upon which we can cast the anchor of hope in the mercies of God through Jesus Christ. 7. No Man is to reckon his pardon immediately upon his returnes from sin to the beginnings of good life but is to begin his hopes and degrees of confidence according as sin dyes in him and grace lives as the habits of sin lessen and righteousnesse growes according as sin returnes but seldom in smaller instances and without choice and by surprize without deliberation and is highly disrelished and presently dash'd against the Rock Christ Jesus by a holy sorrow and renewed care and more strict watchfulnesse For a holy life being the condition of the Covenant on our part as we return to God so God returns to us and our state returns to the probabilities of pardon 8. Every Man is to work out his salvation with fear and trembling and after the commission of sinnes his feares must multiply because every new sin and every great declining from the wayes of God is still a degree of new danger and hath increased Gods anger and hath made him more uneasie to grant pardon and when he does grant it it is upon harder terms both for doing and suffering that is we must do more for pardon and it may be suffer much more For we must know that God pardons our sins by parts as our duty increases and our care is more prudent and active so Gods anger decreases and yet it may be the last sin you committed made God unalterably resolv'd to send upon you some sad judgement Of the particulars in all cases wee are uncertain and therefore wee have reason alwayes to mourn for our sinnes that have so provoked GOD and made our condition so full of danger that it may be no prayers or tears or duty can alter his sentence concerning some sad judgement upon us Thus GOD irrevocably decreed to punish the Israelites for Idolatry although Moses prayed for them and God forgave them in some degree that is so that he would not cut them ofâ— from being a people yet he would not forgive them so but he would visit that their sin upon them and he did so 9. A true penitent must all the dayes of his life pray for pardon and never think the work completed till he dyes not by any act of his own by no act of the Church by no forgivenesse by the party injured by no restitution these are all instruments of great use and efficacy and the means by which it is to be done at length but still the sin lyes at the door ready to return upon us in judgement and damnation if we return to it in choice or action and whether God hath forgiven us or no we know not and how far we know not and all that we have done is not of sufficient worth to obtain pardon therefore still pray and still be sorrowful for ever having done it and for ever watch against it and then those beginnings of pardon which are working all the way will at last be perfected in the day of the Lord. 10. Defer not at all to repent much lesse mayest thou put it off to thy death-bed It is not an easie thing to root out the habits of sin which a Mans whole life hath gathered and confirmed We finde work enough to mortifie one beloved