occasion shall require In the next place for a Brigade I shall point forth four Regiments having in them eight Companies a piece after the manner of a Regiment of eight formerly set down which amounts to 3888 men which number may serve for a third part of an Army of foot and make up a very compleat and sufficient Brigade And I shall order in this Brigade to have in it four Divisions that is to say a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard represented in the three first Regiments but the fourth shall be a reserve standing in the Reer of the Main-battail or Brigade whereby upon all occasions of the other retreating or being driven backward that Regiment may move up to relieve each part thereof that shall be distressed But upon the Long-march of this Brigade the two middle Regiments according to their order of dignity are to make the Battail which in the Figure were made the Van-guard and Reer-guard and that which formerly was the Van-guard is become the Battail and the Reer-guard the Reserve but where they have ground sufficient it will be better to march in that form of Battalia set down according to the Figure Folio 176. This Brigade consisting of four Regiments must be drawn up according to the dignity of their Captains but with this alteration of Arms for the former Regiments consisting of two Divisions this hath but one after this manner CHAP. XXII How to draw up an Army of twelve Regiments of Foot and three of Horse the Foot amounting unto 11664 men and the Horse unto 3000 in all 14664 men THe drawing up or an Army most properly belongs to the Serjeant-Major-General whose place and charge is of an high degree his commands being full of action and therefore ought to be a wise grave and able person and an experienced Souldier in respect he hath the ordering and disposing of the Divisions and Battalions according to that form which the General shall command him And upon all occasions he must be active and stirring up and down to spie out all advantages which might offend an Enemy and wisely to foresee all disadvantages that may bring the Troops into any disorder or confusion He hath absolute command over the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades otherwise called the three Grand Corporals of the Field who are to be his assistants and his mouth as he is the mouth of the Lord General or Martial of the Field and therefore must have a vigilant eye over all things seeing that the Generals command delivered to him be strictly kept and observed and withall acquainting and informing the three Serjeant-Majors of the Brigades of the Generals pleasure that they may forthwith put the same into execution Now the Method that I shall observe shall be according to the form of the former Brigade wherefore in the first place the Serjeant-Major shall do well to appoint out unto the eldest Serjeant-Major of the Brigades how to draw up that Brigade which shall be the Battail wherein the Lord Generals Regiment and the Colonels is to be upon the right and left of that Brigade and betwixt them the eldest Colonel and ninth Colonel according to this rule of Dignity in the Figure set forth 4 9 12 1. In the next place let the next Serjeant-Major of the Brigades in seniority draw up that which shall be the Van-guard and place the second Colonels Regiment upon the right and the fifth upon the left and between them the eleventh and eighth Colonels after this manner of this Figure 5 8 11 2. Let the last Serjeant-Major draw up that Brigade which shall be in the Reer and let him draw them up after this manner the third Colonels Regiment upon the right and upon the left the sixth Colonels and between them the tenth and seventh Colonels Regiment after this manner 6 7 10 3 This charge being given by the Serjeant-Major-General unto the three Serjeant-Majors of the three Tertias or Brigades how each particular Regiment shall be drawn up being every one single and compared alike each to other being rightly stated according to the rule of Dignity avoiding thereby confusion and disorder In the next place for the better expedition in drawing up the Army every Serjeant-Major of each Brigade draws the former Regiments assigned unto them unto such place as shall be appointed forth unto them by the Serjeant-Major-General being helped and assisted by the Field-Officers of the same Regiments the Serjeant-Major-General being an assistant unto them all seeing thereby all the Commands of the General rightly observed and fulfilled AN ARMY OF FOOT OR THREE SINGLE BRIGADS CONSISTING OF 11664 MEN DRAWN VP AND EMBATTELLED TOGETHER WITH THE PLACING OF THE CANNON Let these three Sheets be pasted together at length one after another so that they may appear as one single Leafe and let them be placed between Page 174 and 175. After this the General of the Ordnance his duty and care must be in the day of Battail to see that the Ordnance be well placed for at such time his wisdom is most discern'd keeping with the assistance of his Lieutenant the Train of Artillery together in good order He must have a vigilant eye upon all accidents that may fall but and make choise of such ground for their planting as the General of the Army and he shall think most fit and convenient He must be careful that all things be in a readiness putting the Master Gunners Gentlemen of the Ordnance and Commanders in minde of their duty that they do their best endeavours and acquit themselves like men It is likewise partly his charge to see that the whole Army be well provided with Ammunition because the Ammunition marcheth under his Train He must also be neer the General of the Army upon all occasions to receive his Directions and Commands and to know from him after what manner he will make his Battail that he may plant his Ordnance accordingly finding out Hills and Heights to play over his own men And when the Enemy shall present himself and come up to charge he must draw and plant his Ordnance as neer their Horse as possible may be to hinder them from breaking in upon the Divisions of Foot taking along with him Saylours and Pioneers to help to draw up the Ordnance and sufficient Guards to defend them As concerning the planting of the Ordnance when the Battalia is drawn up they may be disposed of several ways as sometimes they are placed upon the head of the Battalia others again between them by two and two and others threes upon the Flanks and Wings of the Muskettiers Some are of opinion that they ought to be planted upon the Flank and in the Reer of the Battalia by leaving a free place for Arms which may give no offence to their own men But as concerning this last way it might be answered it can no way be expedient for if an Enemy should perceive that the Frout is left bare without Ordnance it will give them cause
further trouble or to a half-facing to the right by taking it from the Reer if from that place they shall be opened and so likewise it were a great deal better in the closing of Ranks to close them forwards in respect it is for the more conveniency of their closing then to the Reer For then again they must perform a half facing which is not only unhandsome but troublesome to the souldier All that can be said to maintain it as I conceive in opening Ranks forwards is because they have not room in the Reer which seldome happens so in any exercise if discreetly ordered by him that leads them As for closing of the Ranks backwards I cannot conceive any solid reasons to confirm the same and therefore will pass over it and come to close our Ranks and Files to such Distance from whence they first were opened Files close to the right and left inward to Double Distance Ranks close forwards to Double Distance Files close to the right to your Open Order Ranks close forwards to your Open Order Files close into the midst to your Order Ranks close forwards to your Order Files close to the left to your Close Order Ranks close forwards to your Close Order Files close to the right to your Closest Order Ranks close forwards to your Closest Order Concerning the words of Command for Distances in the openings and closings of Ranks and Files what before is set down may be sufficient for any souldier to use in time of his exercise But now it will be expected to give some reasons for every one of these to shew them in their proper uses CHAP. XXI The use of each particular Distance and at what time to be used WHerefore first note that your distance of closest Order is of chiefest use unto the Pike in these particulars as first Charging against the Horse for that the Ranks then clapping in their left legs behind their Leaders right locking themselves so firm and stedfast one within another which 't were impossible for any Body of Horse to enter in amongst them Secondly it is of excellent use for to maintain a breach and to keep out an enemy Thirdly it is very useful to both Arms at such time when a Commander hath any thing of consequence to discover unto his Company which he may have many occasions so to do as before his Exercise to advise them to silence to observe their words of command and their directions and when they are to fight against an Enemy to perswade and keep them off from fear by assuring them good reasons of hopes of overcoming These or such-like speeches many times a Captain may have just occasion to express himself unto his Company and being at so close a Distance they may more aptly hear his words and obey his Commands But here now by the way too much preaching upon the head of a Company concerning matters of Exercise is too much a dulling of the souldier who rather would fall into action then so to be confounded with much talking Close Order may be of very good use also for most things which have been spoken of the closest Order only here the souldier hath a little more liberty in the handling of his arms by being at a wider distance This distance also is of good use before wheelings because many times upon their moving they are apt to flie out to their proper distance of Order which they alwayes should be at in their wheelings where note if first they were at Order they would flie out to wider distance Order is the distance which the souldier doth fight upon and is to be used skirmishing against an enemy it is also useful at such a time when the Drum shall beat a Troop and that the souldiers are marching to relieve some Court of Guard or making some expedition against an enemy for then they are in a fit capacity of distance for to fight It is also very useful and to be observed upon facings for all intire doublings and for wheelings Order likewise in File and open Order in Rank is to be used at such time when the Drum shall beat a March and the Body upon the moving or marching Open Order is the distance proper for all doublings of Ranks and Files by the half-files or by the bringers-up wherein they have interval of ground sufficient to move in It is also a very proper distance for facings and ever to be observed in time of Counter-marches It is the properest distance for the Ranks to be in upon a march but the Files are then to be at Order as is before exprest The use of double Distance is to be observed at such times when the souldiers shall stand or happen to be in some eminent danger of the Cannon-shot from the Enemy for standing then so thin they may be much preserved from danger it is likewise very good for Inversion and Conversion You may take notice of these brief directions in openings of Ranks and Files when the Files are commanded to Open to the right the left-hand File stands and all the Files take their distance from the left observing alwayes in the motions of Files their Leaders and to move altogether along with them If it be an opening of Files to the left then contrary-wise the right-hand File stands and they take their distance from the right So likewise for closings unto what hand soever they be commanded to close the out-most File is to stand the rest are to move and close to that In opening or closing of Ranks the first Rank is alwayes to stand the rest are to move either opening or closing according as is commanded alwayes observing in their motions their right-hand-men and moving altogether CHAP. XXII Directions of the way and manner of drawing up a private Company THe Postures being formerly described forth the dignity of places in a File and words of Command made known unto the souldier for their several distances It next followeth to shew the joyning of Files and drawing up a Company where first pray mind at such times when the Drums are beating about the Quarters and in several places make Proclamation as by order from their Captain for all Gentlemen Souldiers that are under his Command to repair unto his Randezvous unto such a place and at such an hour then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under his Command punctually at that hour and place thither to repair for the more incouraging of the souldiers as they shall come in and not to stir themselves from thence without some order from their Captain for fear of giving bad examples unto others And when they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in the Serjeants then may take advice with their Lieutenant and Ensign which of them they will appoint out to draw forth the Muskettiers and which the Pikes and whom they shall make the right-hand File-leader of the Muskettiers and who shall be the left and again who
the Corporal with his Sword drawn shall approach with a Guard of Muskettiers who are to be all arm'd and appointed as the Sentinels ready to present whereupon the Corporal with one only Muskettier advancing and perceiving him to be the Captain of the Watch indeed is to give him the Word in his ear having respectively cast down the point of his Sword afterward receiving further instructions from him he conducts him to his furthest Sentinel But if it shall appear that he be not the Captain or the Corporal knowing him not justly to be so by a just suspition he may then detain him although he shal give him the Word and then he shall further demand the Word of some other attending him from whom having received it he may more safely permit them to pass but of all others whatsoever that shall attempt a passage he is to receive the Word from them and not deliver it to them The Captain himself having done the duty in person of passing the first Round upon his return he is to send forth others upon the like duty such as he shall out of his discretion chuse from his Main-guard and may most confide in to whom he is to impart the Word at their setting forth upon the duty and not before with strict admonitions and full instructions what they are to do and what way to take Now if he shall be supplyed with men enough upon his own Guard he may at the same time command out several Rounders to be taken several wayes who are diligently to observe their directions given them and to be very vigilant in the observation of all things in their passage both by the eye and the ear and to admonish the Sentinels in case of neglect that all things be more carefully lookt unto in their duty And of these Rounders likewise as before the foremost Sentinel demands Who goes there When being answered satisfactorily as by the name of the Round or Friends the permits them passage to the neerest Sentinel who having stopt them there takes a further accompt what and who they are Which is done by calling forth his Corporal who placing the point of his Sword at one of their brests takes the Word privatly and so passes them by conduct to the furthest Sentinel But if there shall happen a mistake in the Word the Corporal is either to secure them with himself or by Guard to transfer them to the Main-guard Such as shall walk the Round are to take a strict accompt of all they meet what and who they are and in case of deficiency of answering justly on the one side or suspition of the other they are to secure and guard them to the Captain of the Watch. Now setting aside those Queries which some do make between Rounders and Counter-Rounders if they meet who shall give or take the Word the best and safest course is for them all that before the Word be either given or taken they go together to the neerest Corps du Guard and there to give the Word after which they are to pass upon their duty again and so having finished the Round and returning to the Captain of the Watch he taketh accompt of them of the things that they have done and observed in their duty and course upon the Round and thus the Captain still supplies the Rounds successively by such others as he shall take by seniority and dispose off for the like service Furthermore that all disorders irregularities and such persons as shall cause the same in a Town or Garrison may be found out and rectified and that all dangerous accidents by fire or otherwise may be prevented the Captain of the Watch commandeth out a Guard of Firelocks or Muskettiers to view the Streets and all suspitious and irregular persons as they take they are to bring to the Main-Guard of this Guard which is always conducted by a Serjeant and is called the Patrouille and if they happen to be Muskettiers and not Firelocks then they are to be every one provided of such an instrument as may cover the lighted Matches and keep them from discovery From these also as from the Rounders the Captain of the Watch takes full accompt of all their passages and observations on their duty When at any time any sudden approach shall be made or any Enemy discovered the Sentinel who is to be firm constant to his Place and Posture till he shall be relieved forthwith by firing gives the Alarm and immediately seconds it by crying with a loud voice Arm Arm. When the Alarm is thus given the other two Divisions immediately led by their Officers are orderly to march up to the Captain of the Main-Guard to the intent that all Guards of the Garrison may with expedition be made good and it is necessary that these instructions be given them indeed by the Serjeant-Major when he shall give the Word to the Minor-Serjeants who must likewise inform their chief Officers of it and from them the Souldiers are to be charged and acquainted therewith that so upon all occasions they may not be ignorant of this part of their duty but ready to perform it The duty of a Sentinel is to stand in the Place and Posture a full hour and no more at which time the Corporal or in case of his absence his Lanspassadoe is to relieve him and not onely him but all the Sentinels that are out upon duty relieving the farthest Sentinel first who falls in the Reer of the rest and so all the others backward in the like Order and then conducts the relieved Sentinels back to the Guard again At an early hour of the morning appointed for beating up the Revally the two Sentinels next unto the Guard are to retreat into it At the time appointed in the morning for opening of the Gates the Serjeant-Major attended with a sufficient Guard repairs to the Governour or place elsewhere alotted and there receives the Keys which being done he is to unlock first that Gate which is most remote from danger of the Enemy and the rest in order answerable but if it happen to be in place and time of imminent danger the Major commandeth forth a party of Souldiers conducted by an able Officer to go first and make diligent search for discovering of Ambuscadoes which may happen to be in any close suspected places as Lanes By-ways Hedges ruinous Cottages Churches Pits or Hollow-trees Woods Gardens and all such-like inclosures at which time he openeth not the Main-ports but only the Wickets And except upon command to the contrary which is not usual both the Guards and the Watches at the Gates are to be kept night and day and all persons upon them to continue upon their duty until they shall be relieved by order Upon the discharging of the Watch to the end that every Officer and Souldier may have notice to make speedy repair to their several Guards each several Drum first beats a Troop and afterwards a March in the Main-guard
where he lodgeth When he commandeth in the Army in absence of the Lord General upon occasion of fight his place is in the Battle that he may the better give Order to all Usually he hath a Company to lodge with him to serve him as his Guard and six or more of his Company attending on him He should not resolve upon any enterprize unless he consider of all that might happen and propound to himself greater difficulties in the action then in reality there be and so prepare remedies surpassing the said difficulties it being a singular benefit to be able to foresee with good judgement those things which might succeed in the uncertain and variable accidents of War As Sertorius saith A good Commander should rather look behind him then before him II. Of the Lieutenant-General of Horse THe Charge of the Lieutenant-General of the Horse is of great importance and must therefore be supplied by a Souldier of known Experience and Valour careful and vigilant he must be he marcheth and lodgeth for the most part with the Cavalry he ought to be well versed in the ways of the Country that he may either meet or avoid his Enemy as occasion shall required He must be always busied about his Enemies motion considering with himself from what place they may shew themselves with what number whether Infantry or Cavalry in what time they may probably come upon him and where to place himself to advantage to prevent them He must be circumspect and wary in the choice of the place appointed for Quarters in preparing good Guards causing the High-ways to be cleared and by-ones discovered placing men on those places where he supposes the Enemy may make head sending forth Scouts continually and placing Sentinels omitting no diligence to secure the Quarter where the Cavalry findeth it self to be exposed to most danger especially if they be lodged without Infantry He must be sure to have Spies in and about his Enemies Quarters He must look that the Captains wrong not their Souldiers but that he see them well armed and kept in good Order and that they and his Officers observe good Orders and Discipline As he ought to be severe in punishing so he must be ready and willing to hear his Souldiers just complaints and relieve them He must not suffer any extortion to be used by himself or others by which the Country is ruined and the Souldiery hated for too great liberty of the Souldiers produceth bad effects He ought to be knowing in the command of the Infantry for upon occasion of sending a good part of the Cavalry to several places he hath the charge not only of the Horse but of the Foot also And in the absence of the General the Orders from the Lord General or Lord Marshal come to him and to him are all reports made of the occurrences of the Cavalry and Army He may suspend a Captain of his command upon just cause but cannot restore him again without order from the General who must first give notice thereof to the Lord General When he passeth the Quarters of Cavalry the Trumpets sound but not in the presence of the General or in his Quarters When the General of Horse commands the whole Army and therefore takes his place in the Battle the Lieutenant-General placeth himself in the Van-guard of the Cavalry where otherwise the General useth to be III. Of the Commissary-General HE ought to be a good and experienced Souldier for that in the absence of the Lieutenant-General he is to have the command He must reconcile Differences which at any time arise among the Souldiers as having most to do with the Souldiery He is to keep Lists of the Guards Convoys and other services and is to distribute the Orders Every evening he is to go and receive the Orders and the Word and having given it to the General and Lieutenant-General he is to give it to the Quartermaster-General for him farther to distribute He is upon all occasions of singular use and entrusted with the Execution of the Orders In appointing the places or lodgings in several Exploits he must be free from partiality and such as at one time have cause of discontent he must make them amends the next that so he may see it was of necessity not of partiality His place being of great importance ought therefore to be supplied by one knowing and experienced IV. Of the Quartermaster-General THe Office of the Quartermaster-General is to a appoint the Lodgings or Quarterings wherefore he must be well acquainted with the Countrey with the Towns and Villages about it not only by Maps which in some measure will inform him but by his own experience that he may the better know where to place the Corps-du-gards and Sentinels and visit them by day and night and order what ways to secure them and is to keep a List of all the Guards Convoys Cavalcadoes or exploits by Horse He must shew the Allarm-place to the particular Quarter-masters when they receive the Word of him in the Evening He must be very cautious in giving in his reports true and if any Order for haste be delivered him by mouth he must not trust it to others but must himself deliver it V. Of the Captain A Captain ought to be a man Sober Continent and modest in his Apparel aiming rather at good Arms and Horses then gorgeous Apparel to see his Souldiers punctual in their respective Duties and often calling them to exercise Let him be generous and not given to Gaming lest the Souldiers pay by that means be diminished which will overthrow his credit He is diligently to observe the Orders he receives and to be punctually ready with his Troop where appointed himself being first on Horsback seeing his Troop compleat and full before he march He ought to know every Souldier in his Troop by name that upon any Exploit he may draw forth such as he discerns most fit for the business he hath in agitation The Captains taking notice of a Souldier does very much animate and encourage him He must cherish his well-deserving Souldiers and cashier the idle and debauched Let him always have 2 or 3 of his Souldiers well skilled in the Countrey for they may serve him as Guides for that those of the adjacent Towns or Villages are not always to be had nor is it at all times safe to intrust them to these Souldiers he is to contribute something extraordinary besides their pay Out of his Troop he is to chuse his Lieutenant Cornet c. impartially by their merit and not for favour or affection by which he shall be beloved of his Souldiers and not be forced to alter his choice by the Generals Order In the absence of the Captain the Lieutenant commands the Troop VI. Of the Lieutenant THe Lieutenant of a Troop ought to be an experienced Souldier having attained thereunto by the experience he attained in being a Corporal and Cornet from which by desert he attained to be
a Lieutenant In the Captains absence he commands the Troop He must be diligent to see the Souldiers do their duties and see that their Horses and Arms be in good case He is to bring up the Reer of the Troop and see the Souldiers keep Rank File and Distance orderly after the Captain and Cornet and to permit none to depart from the Body or Troop In fight he is to be still in the Reer with his Sword drawn encouraging the Souldiers and cutting if not killing such as shall presume to flinch He is to keep a List of the names and sirnames of the Souldiers in his Troop and know the sufficiency of each Souldier that he may make use of them accordingly The Troop being to go to Guard when neer the Lieutenant is to go before to the Lieutenant that is to be relieved and take notice of the Corps-du-guard and receive information from him when and where the Sentinels are to be placed what ways to clear and all other things necessary and he must visit the Sentinels often both by night and day he first himself having placed them If the Troop be lodged in a Village the Billets must be signed by the Quartermaster of the Troop and distributed to the Souldiers before the Cornets lodging where the Alto is made to attend the said Billets so that in case of an Allarm the Souldiers may know whither to repair If they stay longer then a day in one place the Lieutenant is to visit the houses to see that the Souldiers keep good orders and being to go away to bid them be careful to put out their Fires If they go to be lodged in a Town or Fort and there to keep Garrison the Lieutenant is to accommodate their Lodgings according to their degrees and deserts and wheresoever they lodge longer then a day he must write the name of the Souldiers upon the said Billets that if the Souldier commit any Misdemeanor he may be the readier discovered and punished When the Troop is to March and the Trumpets sound to Horse he must be first mounted and see the Souldiers do the same with all speed and finding any lingering either out of idleness or an intent to Plunder severely to chastise them He ought to have knowledge of the ways And if the Troop be charged by the Enemy himself with some of the most experienced Souldiers and best mounted in the Troop are to stay behind VII Of the Cornet IN the absence of the Captain and Lieutenant the Cornet is to command the Troops but in the Captains presence upon a March his place is in the Front before the first Rank but behind the Captain in his charging of an Enemy he is to charge with the Captain and endeavour to break his Standard upon the Enemy and being broken and falling to the ground he is not to regard taking it up again his honour lying much in the breaking of his Standard in chase either of Horse or Foot But if the Enemy should take the Cornets Standard unbroken it were to him a great disgrace And this is contrary to the practice of an Ensign in the Infantry the preserving of whose Colours is ever esteemed his greatest glory as is evident in the Example of one Jaques Martaeus who when most of his Souldiers had forsaken him he fought so long as he could and finding himself over-powred wound himself up in his Colours and dyed The Cornet of Cuirassiers in march hath his place at the head of the Troop and presenteth himself in the Alarm-place but in fight in the midst of the Troop having two third parts of the Souldiers behind him And this is the place of his marching in these times which does most agree with the manner of marching of the Infantry where the Ensign marches before the division of Pikes The Souldiers in the Front-division of the Troop must be those best armed and the most couragious He must keep a List of the Troop and send so many to the Guard as the Captain or Lieutenant shall appoint Once every day he is at the Lord-Generals passing by the Troop to do obeysance to him by inclining his body and Cornet towards the ground VIII Of the particular Quarter-Masters THe Quarter-Masters duty is when all the Troops are lodged together to accompany the Quarter-Master-General in his laying out of the general Quarters but if they are to be lodged in several places some of the particular Quarter-masters accompany the Lieutenant-General others the Commissary-General and if a Captain command the Quarters then the particular Quarter-Master maketh the Quarter There is much trust reposed in him as the distributing of the Word and the Billets and therefore ought to be honest and true to his charge When he goes with the Quarter-Master-General to make the Quarters or Lodgings he must be very diligent taking with him two or three of his Souldiers which are to return to their Troop as guides to conduct the rest to their Quarters IX Of the Corporals THe Corporal is to assist his Lieutenant in placing the Sentinels the Harquebusiers are to discover and scoure the ways and to officiate as forerunners or Scouts under the charge of one of their Corporals who must be an experienced person in respect of the ways If any place of importance be to be guarded a Corporal with his Squadron is sent thither he must be capable of good literature for that he must keep a particular List of his Squadron X. Of the Trumpeters A Trumpeter ought to be a politick discreet and cunning person for that the delivery of Embassies to and from the Enemy are by him performed In going upon any such he ought to have a vigilant eye upon their Works Sentinels and other things that lye in his passage and privately conceal them till his return And in his discourse with his adversary very cautious and catching or circumventing him by trapping him in his parley Besides this he must sound all the sounds of the Trumpet as the Bontezelle that is Set on the Saddle the Cheval which is Mount on Horse-back the Standard that is Repair to your Colours One Trumpet must always lodge with the Cornet for which the Captain must give allowance and he must always have his Trumpet about him upon a sudden Alarm XI Of the Auditor THe Auditor ought to be a man of great integrity and understanding in the Law In the absence of the Auditor-General he heareth and judgeth the causes of the Cavalry and maketh report thereof to his General or in his absence to the Lieutenant-General without whose order he cannot execute any of his sentences He is to keep neer the person of the General or Lieutenant-General who are to see him respected He is to take notice of the prizes of Victuals brought to the Quarters of Horse that they be sold at reasonable rates and to see that the Victuals suffer no extortion by the Provost-Marshal or his Officers In the States Army and at this time
doubt he had lost his Country In a word if you fight you set your fortune upon the Dice if you husband your business warily the storm will over If you be an undertaker the sooner you bring your Cause to trial the better you are like to speed delays are dangerous for change of Air Diet and other inconveniencies may breed sickness and divers ill humors in your Army and if your Enemy will not fight but make a Fabian or lingring War he may put you to your shifts therfore first acquaint your self with the strength and quality of your Enemies forces with the state of his Country with his own disposition and the disposition of those that are neerest about him and before you declare your self gain some of his great men if it be possible to take your part maintain good Spies in his Court. Forecast all that can further or hinder your design before you undertake it and let your Cause be just left you draw the vengeance of God and jealousie of other Princes upon you In your preparation let your first care be of the belly want of Victuals hath been the loss of many a brave design and the ruine of great Armies Let your men be well trained and such as have been used to exercise and labour if you can let them be all of your own Subjects provide plenty of materials and other necessaries for your design and use the means to begin your War with some notable loss to your Enemy so shall you terrify him and discourage his Allyes and friends from giving him assistance When you come to fight chuse ground as neer as you can to fight upon proper for the number and quality of your men if you be strong in Horse chuse champion if your strength be on foot and that you want Horse chuse uneven bushy or inclosed ground and place some Muskettiers in the distances between those Troops you have which may advance and give fire upon the Enemies Horse if they offer to charge cover one of your Flanks if you can with some River Morass or Wood. Make your Front so large that your Enemy may not be able with his Wings to charge you in Flank Let your Battalions be small as of five or six hundred at the most which may nimbly move charge retire or succour each other at their pleasures for great Bodies are unweildy and being forced to move cannot keep their order unless the ground be very even for upon uneven ground they will either fall foul or be forced to open and if an Enemy can then make use of his advantage and charge they are easily broken and being broken are irrecoverable whereas small Troops although they break may under the favour and succour of their seconds put themselves again in order and be able to do good service Use means to draw your Enemy off the ground he hath chosen to stand upon it may to your advange perhaps bring some disorder in his Troops Be sure to have store of Seconds and always keep some Troops in reserve rather give then attend the charge it will encourage your own men and dishearten the Enemy Charge on that hand you think your self the strongest Let the distances between the Battalions as also between the Terâ—â—a's of your Army be carefully kept and get the advantage of Sun and Wind if you can Of a Chase IF your Enemy turn his back and fly let the third part of your Van-guard Battail and Reer as also a third part of both the Wings of Horse be appointed for the Chase and let one third part of them so appointed chase the Enemy disbanded the rest following in their order to succour the disbanded Troops if the Enemy should turn head and make resistance and let the other two thirds of the Army leisurely advance in good order to countenance the Troops in Chase if occasion should require When you would have the Chasers retire let the Drums and Trumpets of those Chasers that keep their order sound the Retreat that the disbanded Chasers may know where to find their Troops and if it be night let the Drums and Trumpets of the rest of the Army likewise sound And let there be fires made in divers places in the Army whereby all the Chasers may the better find the way to their Quarter Of a Retreat TO make a good Retreat is one of the Master-pieces of a General nor is it dishonorable for him to take the advantage of any time that he finds useful for the safety of his Army and good of the Cause although some young Souldiers more hardy then wise think it a disparagement to retire in the night but he that will not retire in the night when reason and the benefit of his party doth require may stay and be beaten in the day Many Examples there are in Histories of Armies that have been lost by such gallantry and their party thereby ruined There is no experienced General so indiscreet or ill advised as to follow a retiring Enemy with his Gross in the night especially if he find him retire in good order for so he may be drawn into Ambuscadoes or his enemy may wait for him in places of advantage and do him an affront and what knows he when he finds the Retreat made orderly but his Enemy seeks to draw him out purposely to intrap him by this means the party retiring may before day get into a place of safety whereas if he retire by day his Enemy may safely follow him with his whole Army and pass upon all advantages whereof he shall find plenty in a well-ordered Army if he know how to make use of them and take his opportunity I therefore conclude that to retire by night without sound of Drum with matches covered or to use any other secret way to avoid an Enemy when occasion doth require is not dishonorable but the duty of a good Captain The Order that the Prince of Orange retired in from Gelders FIrst He possessed a high piece of Ground that lay half-way between Gelders and Rhineberk to which Town he was resolved to March and lodged there 2000 men well intrenched with some pieces of Ordnance then he made ready three ways for the Tertia's of the Army to march in Front before the Troops began to march he sent away the Baggage and great Ordnance with some part of the Ammunition An hour before day or thereabouts he gave Order that the Army should march and the three Tertia's drew out of the Quarter without sound of Drum and marched in even Front about 200 paces distant from each other until they came an English mile or more from the Quarter and then Command was given that the Drums should beat In the Reer of each Tertia came ten or twelve Field-pieces with Ammunition and all other necessaries belonging to them On either Flank marched sixteen Troops of Horse and after the Foot at a large distance came the rest of the Horse In this Order did he
shall be the leader of the right-hand File of Pikes and who shall be the left For these four being such remarkable places of Honour unto the knowing souldier that special care must be had in placing deserving men to be there Now it is or ought to be the discretion of every Lieutenant and Ensign as being Commission-Officers to resolve the Serjeants herein that they may with more alacrity go on to draw the rest up between and so to order unto each of them their particular duties as to carry equal pains in drawing forth the Files Therefore in respect that for the most part in every Company they have three Serjeants two of them ought to take charge in drawing forth the Muskettiers being helpt by the advice of their Lieutenant and the other to draw forth the Files of Pikes being assisted in counsel by their Ensign for at such times the Officers ought not to be idle and to stand gazing upon each other but every one according to his particular place and relation should be very active and assisting to each other In the drawing up the Company the properest way will be then as you may understand in perfecting up a Company to draw them forth into Files and to make them fix deep as being our custome here in England and farther to have care in choosing able souldiers to be File-leaders who having spent some time and pains in their Files in shewing them their Postures they may be called to joyn into a body For farther direction herein unto the Serjeants whose proper place it doth belong unto to observe this order in drawing up their Files that they may ingrosse the Pikes into one body by themselves and the Muskettiers into another and not to flank the Pikes until such time they shall perceive that in both Arms they are compleat There are likewise several places of honour that the Serjeants ought to take notice of and to be informed of placing of men of worth and desert in both Arms that is to say in the body of Pikes and of the Muskettiers which underneath by figures I shall set forth for farther satisfaction therein Here I have set down the manner how the Serjeants should draw up their Files in each Arms apart by themselves and have figured forth unto them the four chief places of honour in both Arms. It concerns them therefore very much to mind and have regard to these particular places and to order such men of worth there which may be well deserving of the same and those Gentlemen whom they shall think fit after to be worthy of File-leaders places they are to draw them up between the figure 1 and the figure 4 and between the figure 3 and the figure 2 and that Rule to observe in both Arms and to be careful to place good souldiers in the Reer and such who may be able souldiers for half-File-leaders because there may be much occasion by Doublings to bring them up for to assist the Front Thus much I do confess may be sufficient for the present to give directions to the Serjeants for the drawing up the Files and joyning them together Next after I have shewn how to flank their Pikes with Muskettiers I will set forth unto them and the Drums where their places are upon a stand and where to be put upon a march Next followeth to flank the stand of Pikes with the Muskettiers command the Gentlemen of the Pikes to face to the right and left half-Ranks of Muskettiers to Face to the left and then to march and interchange ground facing after to their leaders and closing Files inward to order they will stand as underneath is set forth Having thus stated to them all their proper places next it will be convenient for the Captain to command them to shoulder their Arms both Pikes and Muskettiers and the Officers and Drums taking all their places as before directed they may begin to move and draw forth into a long march as here you see CHAP. XXIII Several reasons given for the placing of the Serjeants after this manner WHen a Body is drawn up in manner as before expressed the Captain being Commander in chief his discretion is to ballance the Officers as near as he can with equal dignity and worth his Front proportionally with the Reer To which purpose he takes unto himself the youngest Serjeant and places him on the right Angle in the Front whereby he may be there ready to march down into the Body or elsewhere according unto the discretion of the Captain to fulfil his commands as also to stand there as a spectator of the Captains actions and an assistant which may be much improvement to him And in like manner he commands the third Serjeant to the left Angle in the Reer as being the second youngest and may be a help unto his Lieutenant there as the fourth is to him in the Front The eldest Serjeant he orders to the left Angle in the Front as being the most honourable place for him being there ready to lead upon a march the Van of the Reer-Guard and the second Serjeant he is appointed to stand on the right Angle of the Reer to make them equal in dignity unto the Front Now if you please to examine the dignity of the Serjeants in the first place as the first Serjeant and the fourth making the number 5 and after take a view of the second place or Reer and there you shall observe that the second Serjeant and third may every way ballance themselves to be equivalent in the worth with the first and fourth carrying with them alike the same number So that it is clearly evident that the Serjeants are rightly stated in number and dignity the Front proportionably with the Reer in the judgement of any knowing Souldier Something more may be spoken of the second Serjeants place which you may take notice in his march to lead the second Division of Pikes which is the most honourablest place of leading that is appointed forth unto the Serjeants the first only excepted and upon a stand when they shall lead up their Divisions every Serjeant is to betake him unto his place as they were at first placed and to continue there until such time they shall receive further order from their Captain Thus much I conceive may give satisfaction unto the discreet Souldier in these particulars leaving them liberty to judge according unto their own best thoughts while we endeavour to draw up our Divisions all abrest again and to make some description of a Body The Captain upon his March having attained some convenient place to draw up his Company makes Alt and commands the Serjeants to lead up their Divisions upon the left and causes the Muskettiers to open from the Pikes making sufficient intervals for the Drums to beat two abrest even with the Front the first two between the right-hand-File-leader of Pikes and the Muskettiers upon the right the second two Drums doing the like upon the left
And always the Captain ought to march his company after this manner all abrest provided he have ground sufficient for the same And being far more graceful so to do then to march them stragling upon a long march for it doth represent in some kind the manner of marching of a Regiment and at such times the Serjeants are to march upon the Angles as is before described moving to and again sometimes upon the Flanks and causing the Souldiers to keep their Distance of order in File and open order in Rank and to march all even abrest and after to return again unto their places CHAP. XXIV Before I come to make description of a Body I shall shew some further Reasons of the Serjeants places of lesser Companies with the placing of the Drums IT happens many times some Companies falls not out so large as is before set forth and that they have but three Serjeants and therefore it would be known when that they have but one Division of Muskettiers in the Van two Divisions of Pikes and one Division of Muskettiers in the Reer which is the Reer-Guard where then the placing of these three Serjeants and three Drums shall be upon their long March and where to be marching all abrest To which I answer in the first place the youngest Serjeant is always to attend the Captain and having no Division to lead he is to be upon the right Angle of the Front there expecting his Captains pleasure and commands and the second Serjeant is to lead the second Division of Pikes and the eldest Serjeant to lead the last Division of Muskettiers or the Reer-Guard here are their places upon the long march But when they are drawn up and so march even abrest the youngest Serjeants place as is before exprest is to march upon the right Angle in the Front and the eldest upon the left the second Serjeant is to march in the right Angle in the Reer They having their places thus stated are to move sometimes up and down upon the Flanks in their marching causing the Souldiers to keep their due distance of order in File and open order in Rank and to march even abrest and after they may return to their places again But here methinks I meet with some Objector by the way who saith the eldest is much wronged herein for that it is his proper place to be upon the right that when Forlorns are drawn off against an Enemy he is there ready first to lead them on claiming it as his due to give the first on set and therefore far more honour for him to be on the right then on the left and the eldest Serjeant rather placed on the left then on the right As for the second Serjeants place 't is fit he should be in the Reer to assist the Lieutenant there he having none but he to help him if any occasion should require To which I answer that it is the youngest Serjeants place to be upon the right Angle either upon a Stand or upon a March and not the eldest for these reasons following The youngest Serjeant is not placed there for any honour that it is to him for he hath no Division at all to lead upon the March except the Company be very great and if so he is placed so near the Captain to be serviceable to him to carry and convey his pleasures unto all the rest of the Officers As for the leading of the Van-guard upon the March the Captain takes that place unto himself and it is far more honour unto the eldest Serjeant to be a Leader of the Reer-guard or entirely the left Flank then to lead a Subdivision of Pikes And besides that it is properest for his place to be upon the left when they are all drawn up upon a brest for these two reasons as first he is thereupon in readiness to take his due place upon the sub-dividing on the long March and again upon a Stand when they are all drawn up and ready to engage against an Enemy and the Forlorns to be drawn forth equally alike from both Flanks he is then as ready in the Front to execute his Captains Commands the youngest Serjeant being likewise sent to be something helpful to him and attending after for further order from his Captain to send him relief by the second Serjeant as occasion shall require So that in my judgement take it either upon the long March or otherwise when drawn all up even abrest all things are so stated for his due honour and place that he hath no reason to complain nor any of the rest having all their due and proper places which doth belong unto them As for the placing of the Drums upon the long March every Division ought to have his Drums fall between such Ranks as before exprest excepting only the second Division of Pikes which may be excused when they are to beat a March as being all drawn up they are to fall in two to beat even abrest upon the right and one upon the left as is before set down If it should chance further in a Company to be so small to have but three Divisions that is to say one Division of Muskettiers in the Van the Body of Pikes in the midst and another Division of Muskettiers to bring up the Reer-guard and having but two Serjeants and two Drums the youngest Serjeants place will be as before mentioned upon the right in the Front and the eldest Serjeant upon the left and to take his place to lead the last Division of Muskettiers upon the long March and the first Drum to beat in the first Division of Muskettiers and the second to beat and to march along amongst the Pikes I have a little more enlarged my self in this Discourse of placing of the Serjeants then I at first intended but meeting many times with several Souldiers desiring satisfaction in every one of these particulars I shall perhaps undergo here the hard censure of some for this my tedious Discourse but such others which desire to be knowing herein I hope they will have a more favourable opinion of my good meaning unto them And here I shall conclude for the present concerning the particular places of the Serjeants in every private Company and now supposing as by order from the Captain the Serjeants have brought up their Divisions standing again as before expecting something more to be spoken unto them they silently stand to hear what follows CHAP. XXIV A Description of a Body of men throughout with all their several parts and kinds IT is very necessary knowledge to every particular Souldier to be acquainted throughout with all the parts of a Body of men drawn up with their several extents and bounds and with the true understanding of the same Where first note the Description of Files a File is a Sequence of men consisting of Leaders and Followers from the first unto the last the joyning of Files flank-wise maketh Ranks and is the compleating up of a
by Counter-march or by a Wheeling to bring their best Souldiers there to fight and likewise being debarred of room that they cannot double it nevertheless Facings are of such excellent use that they may with ease although standing at close Order turn every particular face to charge upon that part where they shall be assaulted by an enemy and farther this motion is performed with more facility then all the rest of the motions For in the others they alter the form of the Battail or changeth the place but in this they preserve both and it is ready for any attempt of an enemy if they should be charged all at once in Front Reer right and left Flanks they may be commanded so to face as to answer them all in every one of their charges Facings likewise are so necessary that they can hardly be spared in any other of the motions having relation in one kind or other to them all for to be used There is likewise farther to be understood that there are Entire-Facings and divisional Entire Facings are when they turn their Aspects all one way Divisional Facings are when they divert or turn their faces several ways as to the Front Reer and both Flanks all at one instant of time as shall be commanded There are likewise facings to the Front and Reer Angles that is to say of their outward and inward Angles Outward Angles are when they are commanded to face to the right Angle or to the left or both facing to the inward Angles as when they are commanded so as to face to the inward Angles towards the midst of Files There is likewise facing to the inward Angles towards the midst of Ranks as to the Center where note when there is any use of these Facings unto the inward Angles it is occasioned by some former words of command that hath made some large intervals in the midst of Ranks or Files and therefore they may give them such commands as these for to open or stand so that they may march and close again as at first This Facing to the Center I do conceive to be very useful when the Captain or Leader hath any thing of importance to speak unto the Company they standing at close order he may side-wise move down into the midst of the Ranks and Files and command them to face all to the Center they standing all round about him so close cannot chuse but hear and know what his pleasure and command will be and in obedience thereunto be very ready in performance for the execution of the same But before I come to set down the words of Command for Facings I shall desire all Leaders not to tye themselves up so as not to begin in their Exercise to command Facings until they have brought the Souldiers to stand at open order both in Rank and File as if it were not proper for them to command them to face till then Therefore rather for the reasons before set forth command them to chuse upon such close Distances to face that they may know the true use of them and at such times when they want ground that the other motions cannot be performed CHAP. XXVIII The words of Command for Facings Face to the RIght Left To both Flanks Right about Left about To Front and Reer Midst of Files Midst of Ranks Right Angle Left Angle Outward Angles in the Front Inward Angles in the Front Right Angle in the Reer Left Angle in the Reer Outward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles in the Reer Inward Angles of the right Flank Inward Angles of the left Flank Outward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles both of Front and Reer Inward Angles of both the Flanks to the Center Front Reer and both Flanks from the Center To the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Center As you were or To your Leader Having concluded the words of Command for performing of plain Facings there must be notice taken when any word of Command shall be given to face to any of the Reer-Angles they must be first faced to the Reer and they will make more easier performance of the same and likewise if any word of Command be given to face to the inward Angles upon the Flanks they must face them there likewise first and it will be easier fulfilled and likewise if any command be given to face to the four Angles or to Front Reer and Midst from the Center care must be first had that they may be first faced to the Center I might have proceeded a great deal farther in this place upon this Subject of Facings to have shewn several figures of Battail that might be produced and drawn forth affording much variety of forms and number and with much ease to be performed upon their several marchings according as they are ordered to face which might be very useful for service and affording much matter for any particular Exercise to use several firings upon the same But I shall have occasion in another place to make use of divers of them and setting them forth in the view when I shall begin to set down in any particular Leadings of my own which I have performed in our private meetings at Town-Ditch in London every Thursday-morning for the satisfaction of those loving Gentlemen who still do Exercise there and to such which shall come after CHAP. XXIX The many variety of Doublings with their parts and uses set forth for the practice of any Commander to make use of according unto his own discretion SInce there is in the true account no other dimension of a Battail but the Length and Depth so likewise it is to be understood that the Length of the Battail is doubled by the doublings of Ranks and half-Files and the Depth of the Battail is doubled by the doubling of Files and of the half-Ranks Now there are several Words of Command for the performance of each of these as to double Ranks and Files which do consist either of the doubling of number of men and persons and not of place or else the doubling both of number and place As for Example command either the Ranks the half-files or Bringers-up to double the Front to the right here only is the doubling of number of men and not of place for it adds but one man more to that hand whereunto they were commanded and gains but his particular place Again double Ranks to any hand entire or double the Front by the half-Files to the right entire it will be not only a doubling of the number of men but a doubling of the place and the Length of the Battail The use of doubling the Length of the Battail may be for two Reasons the one to over-wing an Enemy the other to avoid over-winging our selves Yet there must be care taken that in doubling of the Length that we fail not or be too weak in our Depth for the want of both either Length or Depth may be very dangerous to our selves and
may give great advantage to the Enemy For if there should want a sufficient Depth by gaining much Length in the Front we may perhaps be so weak there that an Enemy may quickly break through whereby much danger may ensue upon the same if not timely prevented by the discretion of the Commanders There is likewise in the doubling of Files or the half-Ranks doubling to either Flank a doubling of number of men and not of place carrying much variety of words of Command but the doubling of Files and of the left half-Ranks entire the Depth of the right Flank is not only a doubling of the number but a doubling of the place and Depth of the Battail In this doubling of the Depth care likewise must be had that we make not the Front too narrow lest we give opportunity to the Enemy to encircle and encompass it To conclude therefore take notice that Doublings were invented to strengthen any part of the Body that shall be weak whether in the Front or Reer-right-flank or left whether it be in number of men or place Length or Depth it is to be used according to the discretion of the Commander There is likewise farther to be considered in Doublings whether they double the number or place Length or Depth it is to be performed by one of these two either entire or divisional Doublings therefore I shall proceed and go on to shew what I conceive to be the properest way in the progress of them in a right order and therefore I will begin to set down the words of Command First to double the Front and so farther proceed to shew the Doublings of the Flanks And first of entire Doublings and next of the divisional and in the mean time I shall crave pardon from the courteous Souldier that I put not down several Pricks or Figures to set forth the same endeavouring rather to give him the words of Command for each particular Doubling with directions for performance of the same together with their several Reducements leaving it to his ingenious study and practice to make use of what he pleaseth where he may cull and chuse out such as shall be convenient and fit either for service or delight by the way advising him to retain in his memory what he intends to practise and not to meddle with any thing but what he assuredly knows will carry such weight and able reasons for their use and service as shall admit of no controlment from the judicious Souldier CHAP. XXX The words of Command for all Entire Doublings to the Front to be performed one time or other in time of Exercise Command RAnks to the right double Direction Every even Rank move forward with the right-leg and with three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the left double Or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the left double Direction Every even Rank from the Front move forwards with the left-leg and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right double or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double outward Direction Every even Rank move outward from the midst and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double inward or Ranks as you were Command Ranks to the right and left double inward Direction Every even Rank from the Front move inward from the Flanks and at three steps double the odd Reducement Files to the right and left double outward or Ranks as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right Direction Half-files advance your Arms and move forwards to the right into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the left Direction Half-files advance forwards to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right or Half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Half-files advance forwards to the right and left from the midst and move up into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward or half-Files as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Half-files move forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward or Half-Files as you were Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Direction Bringers-up advance your Arms and move forwards with the right leg into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Direction Bringers-up advance forward to the left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left outward Direction Bringers-up advance forward from the midst of the Reer to the right and left into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left inward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right and left inward Direction Bringers-up advance forwards from the Flanks inward into the Front Reducement Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the right entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the right march forth and double the odd Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks to the left entire Direction Every even Rank from the Front face to the left march forth and double the odd Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank or Ranks as you were Command Double your Ranks inward entire Direction Every even Rank from the Reer move away outward until you be clear of the standing part and after every even Rank from the Front move forwards and double the odd Reducement The inmost Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward and after close Command Double your Ranks to the right entire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men and double the odd Ranks Reducement Right half-Ranks double your left-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his left-hand-man Command Double your Ranks to the left entire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction Every even Rank from the Front move away to the left and double the odd Ranks by placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Left half-Ranks double your right-Flank every man placing himself on the inside of his right-hand-man Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Direction Half-files face to the right and march clear of the standing part after face to your Leader move up even abrest and double the Front Reducement Right
placing your selves before your Leaders Command Half-files double your Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. IV. Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIle-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders Command The Right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face outward and pass through to the right and left placing your selves before the outmost Files to your Leader and close your Divisions to open Order Command Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Direction The five first Ranks are to face about the next Rank to the Reer is first to begin the Motion the rest are successively to follow until the Leaders are become the Bringers-up Command The Left-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the left and place your selves on the out side of your left-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders and Bringers-up Direction The first and the two next Ranks from the Reer face about the two first Ranks from the Front and the two last Ranks from the Reer move forwards placing your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up face to to your Leader and close your Divisions Command The outmost File upon each File face inward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves behind your right and left-hand-men CHAP. V. Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Front-half-files inward into the midst and double your Reer inward intire Direction Half-files face outward and march cleer of the standing part after face to the Reer Front-half-files open from the midst to open Order after Wheeling to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks double the depth of the Battail by Wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left and Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer by division Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel off by Division moving down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and Right-half-ranks wheel about to the left and move away and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front and Reer Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front and Reer-half-files wheel to the right and left inward face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Direction Face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel off by Division and move even with the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the right intire Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the left until you have ranged even with the Front Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel about to the right and left Half-ranks wheel about to the left and move down to the Reer face to your Leader and close into the midst to order Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward Left-half-ranks wheel about to the right and move forward and double the right Flank to the left intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-Half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel about to the right move down and range even with the Reer face to your Leader reduceth them CHAP. VI. Six Figures of Battail with several Firings thereunto belonging Command RAnks and Files close to order they will stand us underneath is set forth from which we will draw our Figures after we have fired upon this Platform three or four times Command Double your Files inward intire advancing The first firing Let the first two Ranks advance forward ten paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left placing themselves before the Front of Pikes the next two Ranks and so the rest successively doing the like until they have Fired once over which reduceth them The second firing Let the first Rank advance three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest doing the like until all have Fired once over as before The third firing Let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes The fourth firing Let them Fire even with the Front and fall in with the Reer of the Pikes which being ended let the Pikes charge on Reducement Muskettiers double your Front by Division Command The first two Ranks stand the rest face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the two last Ranks move outward side-ways two paces The first firing Let every Division give Fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them advance forwards until they be cleer of the Pikes give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after moving down into their places Command Front-division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outward one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forwards and range even in Front and Reer with the Middle-divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the Front-division move three foot cleer of the standing part The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks altogether Direction Reer-divisions face outward the last Rank of Pikes and Muskettiers of the Front-division face to the Reer the last Rank of Muskettiers move down cleer of the Reer and close inward to order then last the Pikes port and after the Muskettiers have Fired charge on then retreating into their places again Command The first and the last Rank of Pikes face about and move down cleer of the Reer and close Ranks forwards to order outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and flank your own divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even abrest with your own Division of Muskettiers the Front-division of Muskettiers closing into the midst to order The first firing Let the Front-division give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right
Reer and then give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forwards and the inmost Division rank outward into Front and Reer and then give Fire altogether and file as they were the Pikes may charge whilst they make ready and fall into their places again they may continue upon this Firing a second time The third firing Let the Muskettiers and the two outmost men of the Pikes face to both Flanks and likewise the Middle-divisions of Pikes are to face to both Flanks after this manner the first two of the Reer-division are to face to the right and the two last men of the Front-division are to face to the left then let the Muskettiers give fire to both Flanks and the Pikes may after charge to the Front Reer and both Flanks until the Muskettiers make ready again this Firing may be continued twice to your Leader Command The outmost single men of Muskettiers in the Front-divion face about the two outmost men of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer-divisions move forward and close to order face to your Leader and close inward to open Order The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into the Reer the rest moving up successively giving Fire and falling off in like manner this may be continued twice over then face them to the Reer and let the Muskettiers rank to the right and left outward The second firing Let the first Rank of each Division give Fire and fall off to the right and left in manner and form of the former Firing until they have Fired twice over then to file as they were and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes move to the right one pace the second Division of Pikes move forward and double the Front to the left the second Division of Pikes from the Reer face about move down and double the Pikes in the Reer to the left to your Leader Middle-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to twice double distance face all to the Center and march two or three paces to your Leader The first firing The three last Divisions face to the Reer the two outmost men both of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Flanks then let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forth and give Fire as at first and after fall in again The third firing Let them give Fire by Extraduction and fall again in the Reer of the Pikes The fourth firing Let the Pikes charge the Horse and the Muskettiers give Fire altogether over their heads then move forth into their first places and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to double distance the outmost men of Pikes close inward to open order the third Rank of Pikes from the Front face about the third Rank of Pikes from the Front and the third Rank of Pikes from the Reer move forwards to order face to your Leader Front and Reer-divisions stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the first Divisions Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places and firing falling off in like manner the Muskettiers may give Fire on the ground they stand falling in the Reer of themselves This firing being twice performed we proceed to another The second firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers and those upon the Flanks give Fire and fall in the midst of Pikes in the mean time the last Division of Pikes may open outward until they be cleer of the standing part then let Pikes charge all whilst the Muskettiers make ready again This firing may be performed twice after which let them move forth into their places again and face to Front and Reer and give Fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge which being ended face them to their Leader Command The last Rank of Pikes of the Middle-division face about middle-division of Pikes move forward until you range even abrest with the midst of the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader the last man of the outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost-men move forward three paces and face to your Leader Ranks of the Front and Reer-divisions open from the midst to open order Reer-divisions move forward two paces The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in between the Pikes this may be done twice after which face to the Front and Reer and Fire there in the same manner then let Pikes and Muskettiers intercharge ground let them give Fire altogether unto Front and Reer then facing about interchange ground with the Pikes who are to charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready then retreating let them all face outwards and they will stand in form like a Saw after they have moved two paces The second firing Let the Muskettiers give Fire altogether to both Flanks and the Pikes to charge on after retreating they may order their Arms and face all to their Leader Reducement The outmost Muskettiers upon the Flanks move to right and left inward placing themselves in the midst of their own divisions the outmost men of Pikes to stand the rest to double Ranks to the left and the first Rank of Pikes to double to the right File-wise and the second Rank from the Reer to double to the left File-wise after let the outmost men of Pikes double their inmost Files into the midst then moving forward their divisions evening their Front closing Files to the midst to order they are reduced And now we will lodge our Colours and repose our selves until by the beat of the Drum we shall be summon'd to make our appearance CHAP. XII The third Exercise with four Files six deep BEing the third time brought into the Field compleatly arm'd where being drawn forth into Files and by the Leaders thereof exercised as before they are commanded to lead up their Files yet not presuming to place themselves but leaves that to the discretion of their Superiour Officers who knows best the desert of each particular man But by the way give me leave in this place to tell the Souldiers and Leaders of our private Meetings that this decorum is not rightly observed the Souldier thinking himself wiser then his Leader presumes to chop and change by Counter-marching of his File making some part of the Reer to be more honourable then the Front which cannot be for the youngest Souldier there is of more honor then the eldest in the Reer in regard it is the more honorable part of the Battalia therefore it is plain that they take more upon them then becomes them for no File-leader
ought to meddle with his File in matter of motions without consent of the superior Officers neither ought the Leader either through favour or out of malice when all the Files are joyned into one compleat Body to Countermarch the Files and after proceeding to other Motions depriving thereby the Leaders thereof of their due honour for else why just in the time of Exercise or Marching should one single File as the right or left be Countermarched if he bore not malice to some thrusting them by this unsouldier-like way out of their places and through favour or affection often times putting men of little desert into their places To leave this discourse not pleasing to some let the Commander draw forth one File of Pikes and double it by the Half-file and send a Serjeant to fetch the Colours and after closing his Ranks and Files to Order he may begin to make some alteration in the exercising of them in their Motions spending his time altogether upon Inversion and Conversion CHAP. XIII Thirty several Words of Command of Inversion and Conversion Command RAnks rank entire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and successively move into the Front Command Ranks rank four to the left Direction The first four upon the left stand the rest face to the left and by fours fall successively behind the first four upon the left Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction The inmost Files stand the rest open outward to double distance and after rank outward into the Front Command Ranks file three to the right and left outward by wheeling Direction The three outmost men upon the right and left wheel to the right and left outward the rest doing the like by threes after close into the midst to Order and face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and move to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward advancing Direction The outmost man upon the right and left stand the rest move outward until they be six in a File and the next outmost men are to stand the other doing the like and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst of Ranks Direction Front Half-files face about and right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance the rest open outward to Order and move to the right and feft inward to the midst of Ranks to your Leader and close Files inward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself before the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle File stand the rest advance forwards and file twelve to the right and left inward placing themselves before the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward Direction Files open from the midst to double distance and move three to the right and three to the left inward until you have made four Ranks six abrest after close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into Front and Reer every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Half-Files face about and rank to the right and left outward into Front and Reer as is commanded face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself behind the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle Files stand the rest move side-ways to the right and left and place your selves behind the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and Files open outward to double distance and move to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst making four Ranks six abrest after face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the Midst Direction Front Half-files face about and move outward and rank to the Midst and face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel to the right and left outward Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the right and left outward into both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank outward three to the right and three to the left into Front Reer and Midst face to your Leader and close Ranks and Files to their distance of Order Command Ranks file to the right entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest move forward and file to the right entire advancing Command Files rank three to the right Direction The first three men from the Front rank three to the right the rest successively doing the same closing Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks wheel to the left Direction Ranks open backward to open Order and wheel to the left Command Files rank six to the left Direction The first six men rank six to the left the rest successively doing the same until they have made four Ranks six abrest then close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the midst every man placing himself on the outsidst of his right and left-hand-man Direction Front Half-files face about and Front and Reer Half-files rank outward into the midst placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel three to the right and left outward Direction The last Rank face about and wheel by threes to the right and left outward towards both Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the right to Order they will stand four abrest and six deep Command Files file outward entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest advance forward and place your selves before the outmost Files after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files file to the right Direction The right-hand-File stand the rest face about and fall in the Reer of your right-hand-File to your Leader Command Files file twelve to the right Direction The first twelve stand the other move forward filing twelve to the right Command Files wheel inward into Front and Reer Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheele six to the right and six to the left until you have made two Ranks twelve abrest face to your Leader and close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks wheele inward to both the Flanks Direction Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the first Rank face about the first and the
last Rank wheel six to the right and six to the left inward to both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the midst to order Command Files file three to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Direction Half-files face about the three first and the three last Ranks are to stand the rest are to move by threes filing to Front and Reer to the right and left outward and after face to the Front and close their Ranks forwards to order Command Files file to the midst by Division Direction Half-files of the outmost Files face about and the outmost Files move forwards and file by Division unto the midst of Files face to your Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance and move forward to the right and left inward into the Front Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward Direction The outmost men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left making six in a File and then the next outside men in like manner are to stand the rest successively are to file as before CHAP. XIV Next followeth several Figures of Battail with Firings upon the same for the performance whereof Command BRingers-up to double their Front to the right and left inward and Ranks and Files to open to open order and Muskettiers to close outward to close order the inmost Files of Pikes close outward to the same distance and they will stand in four Divisions after let the Middle-rank in each Division open outward to open order they will produce the first Figure The first firing Let the first Rank give Fire and wheel off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of them in the Reer and they at the same time moving forwards in their places and give Fire as the first after wheel off into their places again The second firing Let the Middle-ranks advance three foot before the Front and give Fire face about and move down into their places again Command The last Rank in each Division move to the left one pace and double to the right File-wise and then advance forward until their first men exceed two foot the Front of each Division then let the first Rank open outward to open order and the last Rank close inward to the same distance The first firing Let the middle File give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand and after fall off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their ground and give fire in like manner and fall off into their places again and then the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again Command Face all about middle File move forward three foot clear of the Reer the first Rank close inward to Order the last Rank open outward something more then to open Order Upon this Figure let the first man in each division kneel down and then to give fire altogether over one anothers heads the Pikes at the same time charging brest-high to the Horse then face all to their first Front Command The last men in the Reer double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Muskettiers double your Pikes inward entire advancing and move forward three paces Files double your depth to the right and left outward of each Arms every man falling behind his Bringer-up Front Half-files double your Reer entire into the midst Files double to the right and left outward Files file to the right entire advancing which being done wheel them to the right about into a Ring in form as followeth Upon this Figure let the Pikes charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together which being ended let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader stands and wheel them off again to the left until he hath brought them into one straight File and then proceed Command Half-files double your Front to the right Ranks double to the right and left inward Files double outward entire advancing Half-files of each Arms double your Ranks forwards to the left Front Half-files double the Reer to the left Files file to the left entire advancing and wheel about into a Ring then face all to the Center and close Files of each Arms to the right and left inward to close Order Command Middle-men in each Division move backward and place your selves two foot behind your right and left-hand-men face all about to the right and close Ranks inward to Order Upon this Figure let them Fire by circumduction after this manner let the odd men of Pikes port and then the odd Muskettier where the first Front was is to give Fire and to move away to the left and the next odd man of Muskettiers upon the right immediately comes stooping underneath the Pikes into the first mans place Firing in like manner moving away into the next odd mans place of the Muskettiers upon the left the rest doing the same until the Muskettier come into his place again Command Face all to the Center odd men move forwards and place your selves two foot before the right and left-hand-men after face all to the right about Upon this Figure you may Fire likewise by way of circumduction the Pikes porting all round and having performed one Firing in this manner in the next place let the odd Muskettiers and Pikes move forth again and kneel down the odd Pike-men charging at foot the Muskettiers may give Fire altogether then let them face to the Center and let the odd men move forwards and place themselves between the right and left-hand-men then moving and closing their ring let them face all about to the right Then let the Captain go where the Leader of the File stands and wheel him about to the left the rest following until they be all brought again into one streight File Command Files file three to the left into the Front Files double to the right intire advancing Front-half-files move forwards three paces Files double your depth to the right of each Division Half-files double your Front intire into the midst The two first and the two last men of Pikes upon each Flank face inward the two Middle-ranks face outward the two last Ranks of Muskettiers face about march all three paces to your Leader To pass by the Firings which may be performed upon this Figure I shall proceed from hence to draw another Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers close inward to order Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes open outward to double distance Pikes double inward Rank-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure Fire to the Front in their several Divisions one after another and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the Reer the rest of the Divisions
Reer-divisions range even abrest with the Front to your Leader P. Command Front-division of Pikes upon the left face about march all until that Division be six foot cleer of the Reer then stand and Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left and move two paces to your Leader Q. Command Front-division of Pikes face about march all until the Front-division of Pikes range even abrest with the first Division of Muskettiers to your Leader R. Command The two outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost divisions of Pikes face outward move all until the outmost Muskettiers stand streight with the Front-division of Muskettiers then face to your Learder S. Reducement Divisions of Pikes face inward the three last Divisions face about march all some six paces Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the left Muskettiers face about move all two paces to your Leader Divisions move forwards and double your Front close Files inward to order and Ranks forward to order double Files to the left intire advancing reduceth them Thus much I conceive may be sufficient at one time for a Leader to exercise his Company with the motions upon their Facings so that he shall not need to trouble himself with any more then Firings Where first as is most properest we will begin with some plain Firings to the Front for the performance whereof let the Half-files double their Front to the left and Ranks and Files close forwards and inward to order The first firing Let them Fire by Divisions drawn forth ten or twentie paces and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers close their Divisions before the Front of Pikes and give Fire and fall all off upon the right Flank The third firing The Body moving or marching let the outmost Files face to the right and give Fire and lead away by the contrary side of their Pikes by the Leaders of the File the next File may do the same and consequently all the rest until all have Fired then let them face to the right the Pikes in the interim charging on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The fourth firing Let the Pikes open from the midst that the Muskettiers may come up between them two Ranks may kneel down and the other two stand upright and Fire altogether the Pikes then charging and after retreating they may close again into the midst continuing their Aspects to the right Flank the Pikes may port and the Muskettiers may slieve up upon the right and left of the Pikes the first Rank giving Fire and presently falling before the Front of Pikes the next Rank doing the same falling still behind their own Muskettiers and before the Front of Pikes as they are then faced and having all Fired after that manner they may Fire again and flank their Pikes then facing to Front and Reer they may give Fire to both places and fall off to the right and left and Flank their pikes from Front and Reer and after face to their Leader Command Files open outward to open order Muskettiers close outward to order the inmost Files of pikes close outward to order Ranks close to Front and Reer to order Reer-divisions of pikes face about Muskettiers face outward move all three paces to your Leader And now you have the Figure of battail pointed out in the first place unto you by the Alphabet The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner and moving down into their places again The second firing Let the Reer-divisions face about and after let them give Fire both to Front and Reer and falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again they may Fire a second time in the same manner The third firing Face all to both Flanks then let them give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging on three paces and the Muskettiers retreating three paces after facing to their Leader produceth this Figure following The first firing Let the two first Divisions advance three paces before the Front give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into the places of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their rooms giving Fire in like manner falling down into their places again this may be perform'd twice over after face them to Front and Reer The second firing Let them give Fire their Divisions advancing three paces before the Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves the Pikes charging on and the Muskettiers retreating into their places again facing to their Leader Command Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the left face about Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the right face to the right Front-division of Muskettiers upon the left face to the left Muskettiers march all cleer of the Pikes then stand after face them in their several Divisions to the left and move two paces to your Leader If you finde by the words of Command given to make the former Figure that your Divisions stand too thin you may face them all to the Center and move forward every Division two or three paces then face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right into the room or place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front Firing and falling off in like manner this Firing may be performed twice The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Wings advance forward three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move into their places The third firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move to the right two paces Reer-division move up upon the left of them then let them all both in Front and Reer give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after closing forward their Divisions may charge on and after retreating into their places again the Division of Muskettiers upon the left in the Front in the mean space facing about and moving down into their places The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers face to the Front Reer and both Flanks the Pikes face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and Port then let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves Pikes may charge on to the four Angles then ordering all their Arms move the Reer-division of Muskettiers forward even with them of the Wings then face all to their Leader The first firing Let the first division Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into the Middle-rank of Muskettiers they at the same time marching up into their ground Firing and falling off in like manner
in the Reer of them the Drums beating a troop let them march away and lodge the Colours the Muskettiers giving of a volley they may all betake themselves unto their several habitations until they shall be summon'd again by beat of the Drum unto their place of Rendezvous CHAP. XXI The seventh Exercise consisting of sixty four men eight Files eight deep THe Souldiers appearing unto the place of Exercise according unto the appointment of their Leader or accustomed thereunto by beat of Drum are drawn forth into several Files as is the usual custom And the Souldiers being instructed of the use and handling of their Arms by the Serjeants Corporals or Leaders of the Files spending such time therein as shall be convenient until the fetching of the Colours to which purpose they draw up their Files and joyn into a Body doubling the Front to the left by the Half-files and send for the Colours Which being brought unto the head of the Company and the Souldiers returned unto their several places and that the Body is closed in Rank and File to close Order then silence and the well minding of their Directions and their obedience is required of them being three main properties belonging unto every Souldier Now for more variety sake in matter of Motions the Leader may spend his chiefest time in Doublings by Wheelings giving upon all occasions the Souldiers their due distance unto every word of Command and instructing them with their several reasons and uses and so proceed to this that follows CHAP. XXII Two and twenty several Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and wheel about to the right and left until you come up even with the Front Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer by Division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the right and left and move down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the left and double the left Flank to the right intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank by division Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and and let and double the left Flank by Division to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling into the left Flank Direction Face to the left and Front-half-files that were wheel to the left Reer-half-files wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel of your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by division Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling into the right Flank Command Wheel your Left-half-ranks inward into the midst and double the right Flank inward intire Direction Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to more then double distance after face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double the right Flank inward intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right intire Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the left and move down upon the right into the Reer and face to your Leader Command Wheel your Right-half-ranks inward into the midst and double your left Flank inward intire Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Command Wheel your Reer-half-files inward into the midst and double your Front inward intire Direction Right and Left-half-ranks open from the midst to more then double distance and Half-files face about and wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double your Front inward intire Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of your Battail by wheeling into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and right-half-ranks wheel to the left and left-half-ranks wheel to the right until you meet to your Leader Command Wheel your Front-half-files inward into the midst and double the Reer inward intire Command Wheel off your left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the left intire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double intire the Depth of the right Flank Direction Left-half-ranks face to the left and wheel about to the left until you come down in the Reer of the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Length of your Front to the right Direction Half-files face about and wheel round to the left and move forward and double the length of the Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. XXIII Several Firings and Figures of Battail with sixty four men HAving passed over these several Wheelings by way of Doublings it will be sufficient time to proceed unto Firings wherefore first command to open their Files from the midst to open Order and the Bringers-up thereof to double the Front to the right and left inward The first firing Let them fire to the Front by Ranks ranking outward and after to rank as they were The second firing Let them give fire to the Front by ranks ranking inward and ranking again as they were and closing again to the Body of Pikes The third firing Let the Half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer by Ranks ranking outward and ranking in again as they were The fourth firing Let them advance forwards by two Ranks some ten paces before the Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and fall before the Front and Reer of Pikes and then fire again falling off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes then the Pikes may charge on and the Muskettiers may fall in the Reer of the Pikes and then Pikes may charge at Foot and the Muskettiers may give fire altogether over their heads The fifth firing Let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers move forth to the right and left and fire by extraduction then the Pikes may charge again and the Muskettiers may move forth as before and the first Rank of each division may give fire even with the Front and Reer and stand the rest may after move forth cleer of them and give fire falling behind their own Divisions of Muskettiers then face all to their Leader and close their Divisions forward to Order and then proceed to Figure of Battail Command Half-files face about
Muskettiers move forward until you be cleer of the Pikes the two inmost Files of Muskettiers stand the two outmost Files of Muskettiers move forwards until you be cleer of the inmost Files the two outmost Files of Pikes face outward and move three foot cleer of the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers and after to face to Front and Reer and to move forward until they range even with the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers then let them face all to the Front and stand streight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise and they will stand as in the next Figure Upon this Figure let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner Then let the inmost divisions give fire in like manner as the former did and wheel off to the right and left and be relieved by their own Reer-divisions of Muskettiers then let the Pikes chaege on and after retreating back again into their places Command The two middle-ranks of Pikes face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let the first Rank of Pikes face about and the first and last Rank of Pikes to move forward to Order face all to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places firing and falling off in like manner Next let the inmost divisions of Muskettiers do the same who may be relieved by the inmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer The second firing Let them all face to the Reer and give fire as they did to the Front The third firing Let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves first after falling off and interchanging divisions relieving each other then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreating back into their places Command The inmost divisions of Muskettiers to move forward until they be two foot cleer of the standing part then let them face all inward and move until the outmost divisions of Muskettiers range even abrest with the middle-divisions of Pikes to your Leader Upon this former Figure fire them to both Flanks where first face them outward let the first division give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the places of the Reer-divisions and they move up at the same instant of time into their rooms giving fire and falling in the Reer of themselves afterward into their places Next let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move inward and fall in the Reer of the next division of Pikes and then the first division of Muskettiers move forth and give fire in the ground they formerly stood on and fall in the Reer of themselves and stand and the next division of Muskettiers is likewise to move forth where formerly they stood and to fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge on and after retreat back again into their places and face to their Leader Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move to the left two paces and double to the right File-wise the two middle-divisions of Pikes face outward and move two paces to your Leader Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move forward until the first division of Muskettiers be placed three foot before the midst of the middle-divisions of Pikes and the second division be three foot behind the same standing streight with the Front-divisions of Muskettiers in the midst Upon this Figure they being faced to Front and Reer both Pikes and Muskettiers let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and stand let the rest move forward until they be cleer of the Front-divisions of Muskettiers and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again then let the Pikes open a little outward and charge all to Front and Reer and when they shall retreat back again into their places the Muskettiers may fire again as they did before and continue it as long as they please Or they may fire upon this Figure either to Front or Reer according to discretion as long as they please Now in respect much time hath been spent in the Motions by wheelings in plain firings and Figures of Battail we will draw forth one Figure more from the former that the Colours may be displayed and that we may conclude our seventh Exercise to refresh the Souldiers for a space until they shall again have warning from their Commander for another appearance Command The last Division of Muskettiers in the midst to face about middle Divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until you be three foot clear of the Front and Reer to your Leader each Division of Pikes face outward and move to convenient distance for the Colours to display to your Leader Reducement Front and Reer-division of Muskettiers face about Front-division move down and double the Reer-division to the left rank-wise to your Leader the two first Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face about then let them and the two last Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer move forward until they be even with the next Divisions of Muskettiers to your Leader The two middle Divisions of Pikes close into the midst to Order and to open their Ranks from the midst to something more then open Order the two outmost Divisions of Pikes face inward and move forward into the midst of the two middle Ranks in the Body to your Leader Front-divisions of Pikes face about and Front and Reer-Divisions to move forward and to close their Divisions to your Leader Files close to the right and left inward to Order Muskettiers in the Front and Reer double your Pikes by Division Files double your Depth to the right and left outward every man falling behind his Bringer-up they will be reduced as at first Now the Serjeants may draw off the Muskettiers filing them to the right and left outward thereby making a guard for the Captain and other Officers to march through trooping away and lodging the Colours which done one of the Serjeants command the Muskettiers to face about to the right and to present all and no man to give fire until they hear the beat of Drum no man pulling his Tricker but once which will be a means that they all fire handsomly together which being ended every man may depart home until he shall be called forth again CHAP. XXIV The Eighth Exercise consisting of sixty four men eight Files eight deep THe Souldiers being again brought into the Field or place of Exercise the Serjeants according to their wonted manner drawing forth the Files bids each File-leader to take
continued in the same manner until all have fired The eighteenth firing The Body still marching let them fire again after the same manner as before The nineteenth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling to the right Flank and after to rank to the right so many abrest as they were at first marching along with the Body The twentieth firing Let them fire and fall off on the contrary Flank The one and twentieth firing Let them give fire upon the gathering firing after this manner let the outmost File upon the left face to the left give fire and then face to the Front and stand until the rest be clear and then the next File to face to the left and fire and after face to the Front and then the first File may gather up even abrest upon the left of the second File then the third File may face to the left and give fire after face to the Front and stand until the other two march up on the left and joyn even abrest with him and consequently so all the rest until every File have fired and that they be all moved up even abrest with the Pikes The two and twentieth firing Let them wheel Ranks to the left and fire and after rank four to the left as they were at first and march even abrest with the Pikes The three and twentieth firing Let them fire to the left Flank Ranks inverting and after face to the Front and to rank again as they were The four and twentieth firing Let them fire by Files filing to the right and facing after to the left and fire to the left Flank and then facing to their first Front and to lead up their Files to the left again as they were The five and twentieth firing Let them fire by the outmost Files to the left Flank and lead away by the Leader up between or in the middle of Pikes The six and twentieth firing Let them face outward and fire upon a stand after this manner by Ranks dividing moving forth to the right and left and fire and fall in again into their places the Pikes may after charge on and retreat again into their places The seven and twentieth firing Let them fire by Ranks ranking outward into both the Flanks and moving forward and firing even abrest and ranking again as they were but not returning again into the midst of Pikes from whence they were drawn forth but fire to both Flanks and fall in the Reer of themselves The eight and twentieth firing Let them fire again and fall in the Reer or midst of Pikes The nine and twentieth firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers fire by Extraduction to both Flanks and return again into their places The thirtieth firing Let the Pikes open to the right and the Muskettiers move up into the midst and the first Rank give fire and slieve up to the right and left and place themselves before the Pikes the next Rank moving forward into his ground and slieving away in the Reer of them until all have fired The one and thirtieth firing Let them close their Divisions and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The two and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Files ranking outward and filing again as they were The three and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling outward into both Flanks towards Front and Reer the half-files are to face about the left half-ranks are to wheel to the right the right half-ranks to the left the Front-half-files doing the like may give fire facing after to the right and left inward ranking as they were into the midst of Ranks and facing again to the Flanks The four and thirtieth firing Let them fire two Ranks together and slieving presently away and flank the Pikes The five and thirtieth firing Let them face to Front and Reer and after move outward and facing to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The six and thirtieth firing Let them close Files into the midst to Order and fire again and let them fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes then face all to their first Front they are reduced Having spent all this time in the plain Firings we will in the next place proceed to Firings upon such Figures of Battail as followeth CHAP. XXV Several Figures of Battail Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Muskettiers double your Pikes entire advancing Files open from the midst to double distance the two outmost Files close outward to open Order and the two inmost Files close outward to the same distance half-files of each Division double the Front inward entire Ranks and Files close to Order the four outmost Files upon each Flank stand the four inmost Files upon the left face to the Reer then let the four inmost Files upon the left and the four inmost Files upon the right move forward three foot before the Front and Reer and then face to the left and move two paces then face all to the Front and move straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move forward until they be cleer of the standing part then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then closing their Files into the midst to Order before the Front of Pikes the Reer-division of Muskettiers may move forward unto the Front of the first division of Pikes and there rank outward and give fire altogether and file again as they were and after face about and move down again into their places the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers may next move forward some six paces there stand and rank inward and fire face about and file again as they were and move forward to the Front of their own divisions of Pikes face to their Leader The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes and at the same time let the Reer-division of Muskettiers move forward as they did before and fire even abrest with the first divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places and face to their Leader then let the two outmost divisions upon the Flanks give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes they may fire to the Reer in the same manner being thither faced The third firing Let them face to Front Reer and both Flanks and fire the first Rank of each division and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of the Pikes and the last Rank at the same time move forth and give fire and fall into their places again but before they thus fire the Front and Reer-divisions are to be wheeled to the left and then let them fire by * Move forth those Muskettiers into their former places before they
Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files from the midst of ranks losing ground Front-half-files face about Command Ranks to the right hand Countermarch losing ground Command Counter-march your right and left-half-ranks every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man they are reduced CHAP. XXXVIII Eight several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel your right and Left-half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Face outward Command Wheel the battail off by division from the Reer Command Wheel the battail inward to the right Flank from the left Face to the left Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right and Left-half-ranks by division from the midst of Files Face inward Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by division from the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about Command Wheel off your Front by division Command Wheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right face to the right CHAP. XXXIX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt them give fire to the Front by Introduction where first command to open their Files outward to open Order and then let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand then let the next Rank move forward and place themselves before the first Rank and give fire likewise and stand and so successively every Rank is to move forward and place themselves before the Rank that fired until all have given fire this being twice performed reduceth them and is tearm'd a firing of gaining ground The second firing Let them fire by Files inward to Order and fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The third firing Let them close their Files ranking outward into one intire Rank into the Front all at one and the same time and to File again as they were The fourth firing Let the Muskettiers double Ranks to the right and left outward and give fire three Ranks together the first kneeling the second stooping the third standing upright and after to double Files to the right and left inward The fifth firing Let them fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes who may after charge on and after retreat back again into their places The sixth firing Let them face outward and give fire to both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Half-files of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the standing part then let every division give fire again and fall in the Reer of themselves and then close their divisions The eighth firing Let them give fire eight Ranks together viz two kneel down two stooping two standing upright and the last two to be drawn forth and so fire them altogether The ninth firing Let the four first Ranks upon each Flank fire again and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes and let those Muskettiers face to Front and Reer and draw forth the last Rank of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to the right and left outward and place them in the midst of those intervals upon the Angles the Pikes being impaled then Fire them to Front Reer and both Flanks and four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves This firing may be continued as long as a Leader shall think fit then face about those Files standing at the Angles and move them in the Reer of those divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks from whence they were first drawn forth then let them face all to their Leader The tenth firing Let the Muskettiers in Front and Reer face outward and march cleer of the standing part then let them face to Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Front and the outmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Front face to the Reer then let the outmost divisions move and close ranks forward to Order and let the Pikes charge on and being retreated back again into their places face all to the Front and proceed to Figures of Battail according to the next direction Command Half-files of Pikes face about Half-files of the four outmost Files of Muskettiers face to the Reer the four outmost Files and the body of Pikes move forward cleer of the standing part to your Leader then let them face outward and move two paces then face to Front and Reer and move the like face all to your Leader and close Ranks forward and Files inward in each division they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Reer-divisions face about then let the first divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and fall in the room or place of the next divisions and they at the same time are to move up into their ground giving fire and falling off in like manner The second firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand in each division and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up and range even abrest with the first division then let them fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves then let those that formerly moved up face about and march down again into their places then let the Pikes charge on again as before and being retreated let them face all to both Flanks and give fire in form and manner as they did to Front and Reer The fourth firing Let the middle-divisions of Muskettiers advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part then let them all fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and the middle-divisions to move back again into their places then face to their Leader and move the inmost division of Muskettiers upon the right in the Reer to the left three paces then proceed Command Inmost divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer double to the right file-wise and after that division that doubled to face about and pass through the intervals of Pikes and place themselves three foot behind the Reer and the other division that was doubled to advance forward through the interval of Pikes and place themselves three foot before the Front then face to their Leader Let the second division of Muskettiers from the Front stand and all the rest move forward three paces then move the second divisions of Muskettiers to the right and left inward until they stand streight between the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes Front-division of Muskettiers face about and let them and the Reer-division move forward and inward three paces and after face to their Leader The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right by the outmost divisions of Muskettiers and come down into
who is appointed either upon the Marching all abrest or upon a Stand to take charge of the Reer-ward or left Flank of the first grand Division to fight them but upon the long March it is more honourable for him to fall down in the Reer and to bring up his own Lieutenant coming up into his place for it is greater honour though many times not believed to bring up a grand division then to lead a Sub-division In the next place it may be supposed that the Captain-Lieutenants place is too honourable to lead the Van-guard To which I answer That the Colonel himself is confined thither for upon the long March he draws off the Van-guard and leads them himself being attended on horse-back by the Martial and Quarter-master of his own Regiment Now leading away the Muskettiers of his own particular Company the Captain-Lieutenant being subservient unto him marcheth a foot upon the head of the first Division of Muskettiers and takes charge of them as assisting to his Colonel and fighting them if he receives no command to the contrary when they are all drawn up again even abrest it concerning him especially to be there resident in the absence of his Colonel for the better regulating of them The eldest Captains Lieutenant is always placed in the Reer of the Pikes either upon a Stand or upon a March it being very honourable unto him to bring up a grand Division of Pikes The third Captains Lieutenant is ordered to bring up the left Flank except it be upon the long March and then he is to exchange places with his own Captain There is yet one place vacant which is to bring up the right Flank and the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up many times through courtesie is called a Lieutenant therefore a Major may be so courteous as to assign him that place And here I shall conclude with the reasons of the places of the Officers of the first grand Division CHAP. V. Reasons for the placing of the Officers of the second grand Division ALthough the Colonel is Commander in chief yet his discretion is such as to leave the ordering of places to his Major and as he takes charge of the first grand Division so he leaves the second to his Lieutenant-Colonel who stands upon the head or midst of the same being drawn up all even abrest and many times leads the second grand Division as the Colonel doth the first as was the practise in the Regiments upon their March under the command of the Earl of Essex General of the Parliaments Forces To such as shall approve of this way which may be very good they shall not need to Counter-march the Ranks of the Lieutenant-Colonel as is before expressed before the drawing up of the Lieutenant-Colonels Company but draw them up on the right of that Division and to Counter-march the Ranks of the Majors and draw his Company up on the left But I shall leave that to the liberty of those that shall best fancie this kinde and proceed to that which is of more use The second grand Division standing in an even range with the first it will be convenient for the Lieutenant-Colonel to be upon the head thereof As concerning the Major he being an Officer at will hath no certain place assign'd unto him by reason of his moving as occasion shall require to both Divisions whereby he may give orders unto them all minding the good order of the Regiment throughout every part But if he will take his place to march in the properest place for him if they march all abrest will be in the Front between the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel but in the long march in the midst of both grand Divisions whereby he may have freer access unto them both whose vigilant eye in the well ordering of the Regiment is chiefly concern'd observing all the passages whether there be need of sub-dividing their Divisions and if at any time they shall be divided when there is ground sufficient enough he must give order again for the drawing them all up even abrest it being far more graceful to the Regiments marching In the next place the second Captain may claim it as his due to lead the second Body of Pikes as the eldest Captain challengeth the first and the reason given for his place may suffice for both The eldest Lieutenant in this grand Division which is the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant is assigned unto that place where he is set down for to be an assistant there unto his Lieutenant-Colonel for the well regulating of his men which march in the Reer as the Captain-Lieutenant is to the Colonels men who march in the Front and his Lieutenant-Colonel bringing up the whole Regiment is the second place of honour Some may conceive the Majors Lieutenant hath too great a place of honour in leading the Van of the second grand Division To which I answer If the Lieutenant-Colonel marcheth not there himself but shall bring up the Regiment certainly it must be cleer that it is the Majors due for to march there himself at times convenient and being so there is good reason in his absence his Lieutenant should lead his men or in his presence to be there as a helper unto him for the well regulating of his men as the other Lieutenants are to the other Field-Officers who every one of them according to their several places may have several occasions to call them off their Lieutenants therefore ought to be at hand and to march with them in their places whereby they may receive Orders from them and know how to act in their absence concerning their own particular Souldiers The second Captains Lieutenant is ordered to bring up the second Body of Pikes which being a grand Division it falls to him as due there as the eldest Captains Lieutenant doth in the first it being the greatest place of honour that can be given him in the Reer next to the Lieutenant-Colonel Having spoken thus much concerning every Field-Officer the Captains and their Lieutenants where their places are to march with the reasons for the same it will be expected to supply two places which are vacant in the Reer of the second grand division To which I answer Upon the long march the Lieutenant-Colonel himself moves down there and brings up the Reer of the whole Regiment and therefore it is left vacant for him But then you will say There wants an Officer to bring up the Reer of that Division wherein the Majors Lieutenant is placed To which I answer That there is none remaining to do it except it be the Majors Lieutenant himself For if the Major shall lead the second grand Division then his Lieutenant may move down to bring up that particular Division for to supply the same but in regard the Major as hath been shewn before hath many occasions to call him off it concerns his Lieutenant to keep his place which was first assigned unto him to avoid the trouble of moving up again in
Then let the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers next the Flanks advance forward 12 paces the Muskettiers upon the right to be led away by the Captain-Lieutenant and those upon the left by the third Captain being assisted by four Serjeants apiece let them fire the first Divisions some six or eight times over falling in the Reer of themselves then wheel them off to the right and left into the ground of those Divisions that follow them and facing again to their Front then let the Reer-divisions advance forward into their places and give fire in like manner to the former which being ended let those four divisions be led down into their first places Then let the next eight Divisions by the Pikes advance forward until they be cleer of the standing part those four Divisions upon the right are to be led away by the Majors Lieutenant and the Captain-Lieutenants Bringer-up and those four Divisions upon the left by the Lieutenant-Colonels Lieutenant and the third Captains Lieutenant assisted by 12 Serjeants then let them fire some half a score times the Front-divisions falling in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left into the ground of their Reer-divisions they then moving up into their places may fire after the same manner and having ended they may be led down all again into their first places Then Command the first Divisions of Muskettiers to face about to the right and let them and the two last Divisions move forward and range even abrest with those that stand before them and after face all to the Front then let the Muskettiers face outward and move 12 paces and after face again to the Front then move up those divisions that were the Forlorn-hope to the right and left into the Front unto their first places and those that were the Reserves up even abrest with the Reer from whence they were taken after let them fire in and even Front altogether some half a score times over and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Colonels eldest and second Captains move forward the Pikes and charge on if they please the Colours falling in the second Rank being furled up and after let all order their Arms and reduce them into Companies again Reducement Left-half-ranks of Pikes face about and move down until you range even with the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face to your Leader Right-half-ranks of Pikes advance forward and range even abrest with the Front-divisions of Muskettiers Files close to the left to Order of each grand Division then they will stand in two grand Divisions as at first the one in the Reer of the other then draw up the second grand Division provided there be room upon the left of the first Then let a Serjeant of each particular Company draw off those thirteen Files which before were taken off to ballance the Divisions into equal number and were appointed for the guard of the Ammunition or Baggage and bring them to joyn with their own Arms where their Captains Companies stands Which being done let every Captain draw off his own men being assisted by his Lieutenants and Serjeants and compleating them up into a Body as at first his Pikes to be flanked with Muskettiers they may after march away in single Companies after such manner unto their several Quarters as shall be appointed to them by the Major And here I shall conclude concerning a Regiment of six Companies CHAP. XIII The manner of drawing up a Regiment consisting of seven Companies conteining in the four Captains twelve Files of Muskettiers and six of Pikes in each of their particular Companies and in the three Field-Officers sixteen Files apiece of Muskettiers and eight of Pikes which amounts to the number of 864 men IT hath been my observation in the City of London and the Suburbs thereof there being eighteen Regiments nine of the Trained Bands and nine of the Auxiliaries that their Regiments in some have but six Companies others and that for the most part seven and again in some and but a few to have eight Companies I shall therefore for the better satisfaction of such as remain unskill'd herein go through them all partly to shew the practise of this our City in their several drawings up with the reasons to confirm the same And having passed over as much as is convenient to satisfie any ingenious Souldier concerning the drawing up of six Companies in a Regimental-way with the confirmation and reasons of every particular Officer as he there stands it may in many things give full light to this that follows of seven Companies Yet nevertheless for more fuller satisfaction herein I shall shew the true manner hereof that I may not be wanting to any Souldiers benefit that he shall receive thereby Where note for better Order herein that I have pitcht upon a particular number of men although it may many times fall out so that the Captains Companies and the Field-Officers cannot be so full as I have here set down Or again it may chance to fall out as in our Trained Bands of London that they be a great deal fuller as sometimes they are for I have led a particular Company my self upon a general day being drawn into the Filed consisting of above 300 men Yet nevertheless whether the Companies be great or small observe this general Rule make two grand Divisions and ballance their number equal in both Arms and make no more Sub-divisions then what you have Captains to lead and Lieutenants to bring up and let the Serjeants march by the Flanks and not presume either to lead or bring up any divisions being conceived by most to be very improper And again if you fight the Regiment let your Muskettiers as neer as you can be equal alike in their Sub-divisions as they may most conveniently fall out whether four five or six abrest it makes no great matter always leaving in time of fight between such numbers of Files six foot of ground interval for to wheel off their Ranks after they have fired Now suppose the whole Regiment were marching to their general place of Randezvous the Major being there beforehand attending the Companies coming in he Orders to the Colonels Company the most convenient place for their drawing up and next to him the fourth Captains Company upon the left and next to him the third Captain and after him the eldest or first Captain which makes the first grand Division In the next place he orders the Lieutenant-Colonels Company to be on the left of the whole Regiment standing in even Front with the Colonel upon the right of him the second Captain is placed and after him the Majors own Company which make up the second grand Division Having thus far proceeded let the Major command the Pikes and Colours to advance forward ten paces before the Front of Muskettiers then let him close the Pikes of the first four Companies to the right to Order and the Pikes of the last to the left to
Muskettiers upon the Flanks of each Body of Pikes after move forward the eight middle Files of particular division of Muskettiers some ten foot before the Front Then command the left-half-ranks or the four Files of Muskettiers upon the left of those divisions drawn forth to face about and to move down ten foot cleer of the Reer and after face to the Front Then let the 12 remaining Files of Muskettiers close to the Pikes to open Order and let every four Files of those remaining 12 upon the Flanks open outward six foot of ground betwixt each four Files and move the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers just against the midst of those three divisions of Muskettiers that are the Flankers to the Pikes and they will stand in the Figure as it is placed in Folio 170. Place this between page 170 and 171. They standing now in a perfect Order of a Brigade the number of men in this Regiment allowing it in a full manner according to the small Brigades of the Swedes I shall not need to point out of what service this Figure or drawing up may be in respect there is no ingenious Souldier but may cleerly perceive they stand in a very good Order to fight against an Enemy their Commanders being appointed forth to manage it accordingly Therefore I shall leave it to the practise of such who in time of need shall have occasion to make use of it and in the next place shew the manner of reducing them again into Companies First move forward those 12 Files of Muskettiers in the Reer of each body of Pikes six to the right and six to the left next to the outside of their own body of Pikes After command the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers to advance forward upon the left of those Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front then face them about and move them down into the midst of those Muskettiers that were the Flankers After let every Captain draw off his Pikes and Muskettiers and ingross them into particular Companies and they will then be ready to march away to their several Quarters And here I shall conclude concerning a Regiment of twelve Companies CHAP. XXI The manner of drawing up a Brigade or Tertia being a third part of an Army according to the practise of the Netherlands under the command of the Prince of Orange BEfore I shall begin to draw up this Tertia Army or Brigade I shall set down the observation of Col. Hen. Hexam in his Book treating of the Office of the three Serjeant-Majors of the Tertia otherwise called the three Field-Corporals His words are these The States Army by order of his Highness is divided upon a March into three Brigades or Tertia's and a Serjeant-Major of a Tertia being one of the great Captains of the Field receives his Order immediate from the Lord-General or the Lord Martial but most commonly of the Serjeant-Major-General of the Army how he shall form and order his Brigade or Tertia and how many Regiments of Horse and Foot are to march under it and with what Ordnance and Baggage He assigns and shews him the place where they are to draw out into Battalia and receives Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General whether they are to march in the Van-guard the Battail or the Reer So that in marching in every one of these he shall attend upon his Brigade and several Divisions and in the absence of the Serjeant-Major-General see that the order of marching and embattailing be duly kept and observed And every one of these three Serjeants-Majors of Brigades are to be at the command of the Colonel General or be that leads or commands that Brigade or Tertia and is to be sent to the Lord-General Lord-Martial or Serjeant-Major-General upon any occasion belonging to the service These three Majors of the Tertia's are to be lodged as neer the Serjeant-Major-General as conveniently may be and those three which attend upon the Van-guard the Battail or Reer which the Serjeant-Major shall make choice of ground for the placing of Guards and assign them to the Serjeant-Majors of every Regiment They are to go the Round and to visit the Guard commonly every night and at such an hour as the Serjeant-Major shall appoint them either by day or night If any of these three Serjeant-Majors of the Field shall finde any want of Powder Ammunition or Victuals either in the Van-guard Battail or Reer as well upon the march as when the Troops are quartered or during fight he is presently to advertise the Serjeant-Major-General of the Field with the said wants And then by his direction shall go with an Officer of every Regiment of that Tertia to the General or Lieutenant of the Ordnance or to the Commissary General of the Ammunition or Victuals A Serjeant-Major of a Tertia to conclude having received his Orders from the Lord-General the Martial or Serjeant-Major-general gives them to the Serjeant-Majors of every particular Regiment But because the Word and Orders are to be sent to Quarters far distant one from another the Serjeant-Major of every Regiment cannot come conveniently to the Serjeant-Major-General Therefore the Majors of every Brigade are to attend every morning and evening upon the Serjeant-Major-General to receive their Orders and to carry the Word to the several Quarters whither the Serjeant-Majors of Regiments comes to him and from him receives the Word and Orders The drawing up of Brigades in the next place comes to be handled after the way of the Hollanders therefore first take notice that Brigades are not tyed to a set number of Companies or Regiments but are ordered according to the several strengths of an Army As sometimes they consist of 12 Companies some of two Regiments others of three or four having in them not alike number of Companies or men which ought accordingly unto the several Divisions of a Brigade to be ballanced alike both in number of men dignity and worth as is in particular Regiments fully set forth And in respect that several Divisions make a Brigade and that according to the disposition of an Army all the Officers and Souldiers are divided into three parts called Brigades or Tertia's each of them having a several name to wit the Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard Now that Tertia which is to march first is called the Van-guard that which marcheth next in the middle the Battail and that which comes up last the Reer Every one of these upon march as was formerly expressed in the Swedish Brigade take their turns interchangeably for the second day of the March the Battail becomes the Van-guard and the Reer the second day the Battail and the third day the Tertia that had first the Reer is become the Van-guard So likewise there ought to be in every particular Brigade or Tertia a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard to each of them which with more conveniencie may be orderly brought to fight by him that shall be Commander in chief for the relieving each other according as
by the way laying of them secretly in some Ambushments Which being truely considered of care may be taken accordingly of Supplies in other remote places free from the danger of the Enemy To conclude a Quarter-Master ought to carry himself honestly and carefully in his place and to be well skill'd in the Art of Mathematicks that he may the better give Directions for fortifying and measuring of ground quartering of his whole Regiment and in hutting of the particular Souldiers The duty of a Serjeant HE that is a Serjeant to a Company ought to be well skill'd in the Postures and all Military Motions whereby in the first place he may endeavour to correct the errours of such who handle not the Arms in a handsome or a serviceable way And secondly that he may be helpful to his Captain or other Superiour Officer In time of his Exercise his duty is to draw forth the Files according to such depths as shall be appointed unto him by his Captain or other Superiour Officer and to order them in the drawing up and joyning together the Souldiers unto such places of honour as they shall direct him unto In a single Company he leadeth oftentimes a Division but ought not always there to march in respect he is concerned to see that the Souldiers march even in their Ranks at their distance of Order in File and open Order in Rank To which purpose he ought many times to be upon the Flanks and perceiving any Souldier out of order he may cast in his Halbert between their Ranks to cause him to march even abrest with his right and left-hand-men He is likewise either in Field or Garrison to lead his Squadron to their Guard and to carry to prison such Offendours as his Captain or other Superiour Officer shall commit to the Provost-Martial He is to see that the Muskettiers in time of skirmishing present all even abrest with their Matches all cockt giving fire all together in good Order and to direct them how to fall off and rally again in the Reer of their own Divisions His duty likewise is to fetch Ammunition Powder Match and all other Materials for the Company He is moreover every particular evening to attend at the place of Parade or at the Majors Lodging to fetch the Word and carry it to his Captain Lieutenant Ensign and Corporals and likewise as soon as he is come unto his Guard he must direct the Corporals where to set out the Perdues and Sentinels and how to order his Watch. He must likewise make Rounds and if he finde a Sentinel asleep in the Field he is to commit him to the hand of Justice And thus much concerning the duty of a Serjeant Of an Ensign AN Ensign being a Commission-Officer in the absence of his Captain and Lieutenant is Commander in chief of the Company and ought to march upon the head of the same leading them with a Half-pike His Captain and Lieutenant being present and upon a Stand his Colours ought to rest upon his side being held by his right or left-hand and unfurled upon the March his Colours ought to be shouldered taking up the corner-end of them in his right-hand and to let them be half flying the Pikes and Muskets all conforming unto the same Posture Marching through a City for the more grace his Colours may be wholly flying being advanced and held up by his right-hand or resting upon his right side He ought to be a proper man grave valiant and discreet and to be well skill'd in the Postures of the Pike in respect he leads them and they expect from him to be taught the Postures thereof He ought to be well skill'd in all the lofty Figures of the displaying of the Colours above the head and to make use of them according to discretion and command which is not onely a healthfull exercise to his body but also most becoming to him or any other Gentleman or Commander whatsoever that shall sometimes make use of the same although condemned through sloth and ignorance by others who will not take the pains to learn it An Ensign upon a Troop lodging he Colours or in time of skirmishing may fold them up and retreat into the second Rank for the securing of his Colours which he ought to stick by and not to stir from them at such a time although he hazardeth his last drop of blood or makes them his winding-sheet When the General shall pass by or any such man of worth he ought a little to vail his Colours inclining the head or narrow end thereof a little downward but not to bow his knee or uncover his head He may sometimes for his ease or recreation upon the March request some Gentleman of knowing trust of the Pikes to carry his Colours for him until such time as he shall come again for to take them In the absence of his Lieutenant when his Captain shall exercise the Company he may stick his Colours in the ground or deliver them to some Gentleman of the Pikes and fall down himself in the Reer with a Half-pike or Cane there to be an assistant to his Captain in supplying the Lieutenants place except his Captain should command him to the contrary He ought to have a Guard along with him as well to the lodging of his Colours as to any other place He ought to perform all courteous offices for the Souldiers unto his Captain which will gain him both love and reputation amongst them they thereby better respecting him and more couragiously following of him Of a Lieutenant HE that is a Lieutenant to a Company ought to be a good and able Souldier and well to understand the Duty of a Captain in respect that in his absence he is as Captain and Commander in chief over them He is likewise to receive all Orders Charges and Commissions from his Captain assuming no authority unto himself but in the absence of his Captain he is to see all such Orders he hath received duly executed for the better ease unto him He is likewise at such times frequently to exercise the Company in all their Military Motions Skirmishings and False-firings in the pan He is to hold the Serjeants and Corporals strictly to their duty causing them to provide all things necessary for the Company and to be assistants unto him where he shall see cause He is to teach and instruct the Souldiers in the use of their Arms and sometime for their ease he may command every File-leader to draw forth his File and to shew them their postures By which means he shall do such good service to his Captain that when he shall exercise them himself he may find them more apter and readier to fulfil his Commands at which time the Lieutenant ought to be in the Reer and to see all things there truly executed according to the Captains commands He is in time of danger and great importance to advise with his Captain about the welfare of the Company for knowing
his Captains intentions and purposes before-hand he may be the better provided to withstand the furious onset of the Enemy He ought to have the Ensign and all other Officers of the Company as near him as may be there being often-times urgent business to make use of them as occasion shall require He must neither cashiere nor punish any man in the presence of his Captain but ought to make him acquainted therewith that he may punish the offender by committing him either to prison or cause him to give recompence to the party wronged To conclude he ought to know how far his power doth extend either in the presence or absence of his Captain always demeaning himself so that he may gain the love of his whole Company by acting those things amongst them as may be just and honest Of a Captain HE that is a Captain of a Company ought in respect he leadeth the same and is Chief to appoint unto the Officers their several places what Divisions they shall lead and where they shall march and according to the number of Files to make his Divisions answerable thereto by dividing his Muskettiers as near as he can the one half upon the right of the Pikes and the other upon the left for they being the Flankers ought equally to be ballanced but if there be an odd File it ought to be contrived and carried to the right In the Van Battail or Reer he must according to the number of his men order his Officers places and draw them off accordingly in as equal a way as they will afford He is as well as his own to know all the several duties of his Officers and to be a good Posture-man himself that when he sees any of his Souldiers handling their Arms in an undecent and slovenly manner he may the better reprove them for the same And although many Captains regardeth them not but leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour Officers yet it is a great deal of honour to him when his Souldiers shall be taught by himself they more cheerfully and confidently marching along with him when as they perceive that he is throughly knowing in all things belonging to his charge He shall do well to exercise his Company sometimes himself teaching them how to fight upon all occasions whether it be to Front Reer or Flanks or upon surprise of an Ambuscado or any other disadvantage which may befall them informing them how to fall off and rally again in good order And at such times he must couragiously and wisely behave himself and incourage his Souldiers of hopes of Victory casting off all appearances of fear or danger whatsoever cheerfully animating his Souldiers to fall on taking care and making much of them and not to forsake them until such time they may be relieved by others He is to have a fatherly care of his Souldiers timely providing for the maimed wounded and sick such helps and remedies as their present conditions requires He must likewise see that there be no want of Victual Arms or Ammunition He ought not to be covetous nor keep back his Souldiers pay but to see them duly paid visiting and relieving them according to their several wants and necessities His care must be to execute Justice appease quarrels punish offenders by doing whereof he will maintain the honour and dignity of his place He ought to carry a very even hand over his Souldiers and to be very courteous and kind unto them yet with that restriction of familiarity that he come not under contempt And again he must not be too rigid and harsh caning or beating them without just cause lest he incurre their hatred who secretly or in time of Battail will seek to be revenged of him endeavouring to kill him before their enemy therefore he ought to be wise and discreet in his commands and carriage towards them His place of marching with his Company is some six foot before the first Division of Muskettiers but if his Company be drawn up he is either upon a Stand or upon the March to be on the head of the Pikes six foot before the Ensign In time of Battail although he leads his men up first against the Enemy yet he is not always tied to be in the Front having often just occasion to remove down into the Reer Midst or Flanks carefully casting his eye upon all parts of the Body thereby preventing the least error or neglect of his Souldiers directing them what to do keeping them in good order as long as occasion shall require Moreover he ought to be very religious temperate and discreet faithful in his trust valiant in the field against the face of his enemy and being besieged in either Town or Fort for to preserve his honour never give his consent for the yielding it up until it be past hope that there is no possibility to hold it out any longer Of a Serjeant-Major HIs duty is every morning and evening or upon any other occasion to attend upon the General Martial of the Field or Serjeant-Major-General of the Army to receive his Orders how or in what manner the Regiment shall march whether in a single Battalion or else in two to be joined with others After which he gives order accordingly unto the Captains how to draw up their Companies and orders them accordingly At which time of embattelling or marching he ought to be as near the midst of the Regiment as he can for the better regulating of the same He is to place all the Officers according to their Dignity where they are to lead and where to bring up and which men they shall take charge of to fight causing the Drum-Major after they are all drawn up and the other Drummers to beat a March and to move all at one instant as occasion shall require He ought to make all the Divisions as near equally alike as possible he can He must likewise be well verst in the several drawing up of Regiments with their various forms of Battail that according to the condition of the place ground number of men and Orders received from the Major-General or Majors of the Brigades he may not shew himself a Novice or one that is to seek nor ought he to go dully or slothfully upon his charge or place but to be very ready quick and nimbly performing with much ease and readiness his Battalions and grand Divisions In their drawings up he may be permitted to have Pen Ink and Paper for to take an accompt of the several strengths of the Captains Companies and to order his men accordingly and ought to give unto all the Officers of the Regiment notes in writing of their several charges and places In time of fight or otherwise marching with the Regiment he is to be on horse-back in regard he is the eyes hands and feet thereof in time of Battail he is to see every Officer to perform his charge and Souldier his duty forcing and compelling them forward if in case
they turn their backs He is also to distribute to the Captains and other Officers such Orders as he shall receive from his Colonel or other Superior Officer In marching with the Regiment not alone but with the Army he must know from the General Martial or Major-General whether the Regiment be to march in the Van-guard Battail or Reer He ought to have some knowledge or information of the Country whether it be long or streight thereby judging how to order his marching so as he may not be disturbed by the enemies Horse or Artillery Being troubled with Baggage if there be any difficult passage he ought to be there present to prevent such disorders as may happen giving directions for their placing and marching as they may not be any hinderance to the Regiment putting them in order again before the Regiment shall enter into their Quarters at which time he may give license to the Captains and their Ensigns to take their lodgings excepting only those who are appointed for Guardians who must enter the Corps du guard and place their Sentinels until such time as they shall be relieved by others Now if a Regiment be to be quartered or lodged either in the Field or under shelter if in the Field he must cause it to be barracado'd or intrenched by the Waggons or other defences of the Field after which he is to place his Corps du guard round about the Quarters and the Sentinels at so near a distance that they may hear one the other speak being about 80 or 100 paces off from the Corps du guard being placed double a Pike and a Musket and five paces from them other single Sentinels are to be placed which are called Perdues And in case of Alarm the Sentinel Perdue shall retreat to the double Sentinel and in case of necessity all together having given fire are to retreat to the Corps du guard He must likewise at divers hours of the night visit the Corps du guard and if an Alarm be given in the Field he is to betake himself to the Alarm-place of the Regiment and there to form his Battalion and to send men to double the Guards on that part where the Alarm was given and to give notice thereof to his Colonel or other Superior Officer if they be present of what passeth The Ensigns ought not to retreat unless their Colonel or he give leave no Order at any time ought to be altered but by him in respect he giveth none but such as he receiveth from the Colonel It is his duty to speak for Ammunition as Powder Bullets Match and for Victuals if there shall be any want in the Regiment which provisions ought to be delivered unto him and he to see it equally distributed unto the Companies according unto the proportion given out And likewise he is to give Order what proportion or number of workmen or commanded men shall be drawn forth to work If under shelter then he is to view the place both within and without appointing the places for the Corps du guards and Sentinels and the way of the Rounders that it be free It will be expedient for him to chuse the Alarm-place whither the Companies upon the Alarum given are to repair being the Rendezvous for the whole Regiment being careful to place sufficient Guards both upon the Walls and about the Gates for their more security Which being ended he may give leave to the Captains to go to their Lodgings and several Quarters there to remain until they shall be called upon Duties for the due performance whereof he is to cause them to cast Lots whereby they may know what part of the Walls may fall to their turn He is to command the Captains to enter the Guards about ten or eleven a clock in the morning he is likewise to open and shut the Gates at the rising or setting of the Sun and to place the Watches upon the Walls presently upon the shutting of the Gates and to relieve them upon the opening thereof And as he doth receive his directions for marching imbattelling viewing of ground and placing of Guards from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of that Brigade so he is to deliver them over to the Captains and Officers of that Regiment and to call upon them to whom it appertains to see them duly executed In the presence of his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel he is to be an assistant unto them in seeing all orders and directions duly performed and in their absence he hath the same authority and command as they He ought after he hath received the Word and Orders from the Serjeant-Major-General or Serjeant-Major of the Brigade he presently delivers them to his Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel and afterwards to the Serjeants of every Company drawn in a Ring according to the Seniority of their Captains which are to come and attend upon him for the same In the absence of his Superiour Officers he giveth the Word himself every night he is to visit all the Guards of the Regiment commanding them duly to keep the turns of their Watches and Marches seeing that one Captains Company perform not more duty than another to the end that both the honour and labour may be equally divided among so he may exercise the whole Regiment being thereunto required by his Colonel or Lieut. Colonel in all their Distances Facings Doublings Wheelings and False firings or in their absence of himself he hath full power so to do To conclude he ought to be well grounded in all Military Affairs and to be both wise and valiant Of a Lieutenant-Colonel HE that is a Lieutenant-Colonel to a Regiment hath a very honourable place having power and command over all the Regiment in the absence of his Colonel and may also at such time exercise the Regiment in all the Military Motions and is to lead the Regiment upon the head thereof but when his Colonel is present he bringeth up the Reer if they march in one Division but if in two in some places he leadeth the second as his Colonel doth the first or if in three as formerly is shewen he commands the Van-guard the Colonel the Battail and the Major the Reer-guard His place is not of so great pains and toyl as the Majors is therefore he ought in the drawing up of the Regiment to be helpful and assisting unto him in that particular and in all others where he shall think fit To conclude the greatest affairs of the Regiment being carried forth by the Major there is the less remaining to be spoken concerning him but that he see all things duly observed throughout the Regiment according unto such orders received from those which are above him Of a Colonel IT concerneth every Colonel to take care that his Companies be full and compleat if it may be that they be well provided of Arms and to take cognizance what Exercises are continually performed by them communicating Orders and commanding all Officers of his Regiment what is
Souldiers who under pretence of some discontent for want of pay c. may thereby with less suspition receive entertainment from the enemy and if it be possible to be listed with the Horse whereby they may gain the fairer opportunities in Field or Garrison to give certain intelligence of all Designs and Occurrences in the enemies Quarters Before their departure from you let them take their several instructions for the more you have the better if they be design'd for several places and unknown unto each other both for times places of conveyance which places must be strictly observed duly searched for such informations as your Spies shall convey thither and thither let your answers advices be reconveyed for their further instruction Sometimes there may arise matters of such importance and consequence that it will not only be convenient to certifie by Letter but most necessary to make appearance in person and there to consult and advise together if perhaps the enemy shall be resolved to fall upon some of the opposite Quarters suddainly c. For Cursary Spies and present Intelligence the people of meanest rank and quality are the fittest Instruments as common Peasants Pedlars Sellers of Strong-waters or Tobacco and the like who may pass unsuspected and with more security effect your purpose There are yet another sort of Spies of another nature who are denominated double who being chosen to this Office upon great experience of their trust and constancy may in some cases be allowed to inform the enemy aright in some such affairs of yours as may not be prejudicial to you but to insinuate and win belief upon the contrary party and hereupon let them secure themselves into the private service of some of their Prime Officers whence they shall as being better acquainted more easily discover and more certainly inform of the enemies proceedings and intentions CHAP. XXIV Of Military Watches HOw necessary these Watches are in all Armies is evident to all men the grand and chiefest care whereof for order and direction resteth in the Serjeant-Major who issueth out such precepts therein to the Captains or Companies as he himself before received from his superior Officer according to the said precepts received whether it be in Garrison or Field the work and duty required is to be performed either by Squadrons or ful Companies having respect unto the strength or weakness of the place to be guarded and in such places as are most likely for the Enemy to make his approaches in and that there they be careful to fortifie the Guard above other places of less concernment which must be observed by the Major in surveying the Guards and Guard-places in his walking of the grand Round and so according as his discretion shall see fit to take from the stronger places of Guard such Souldiers as may supply the defects of the weaker The appointment of particular Guards unto particular Captains is in the power of the Major or otherwise he commandeth the Serjeant of each Company to attend him at his Quarters at any hour of the day as he shall think fit where every one that is to do duty upon the Guard that night taketh his lot in order which lots are shuffled together in an Hat which directeth him upon what Guard to attend that night This being done all the Serjeants that have their direction for the duty of the Guard are to make a Ring or Circle according to their degrees in Seniority To the Senior of all which Company of Serjeants the Major giveth the Word privately in his ear who after the same manner passeth it to the next and so from man to man unto the youngest who whispers it in the ear of his Major who sends it back again in the former manner for securities sake until it come to the senior Serjeant again who then leaves it in the ear of his Major which preventeth all mistakes for each particular Company The Guards being thus set in order the Officers relieved ought to inform the Officers of the Relievers of all the several duties of their several Guards c. Every Commander in Chief of that particular Squadron which he is appointed unto leadeth up his own Squadron from the Parade to their appointed Guard to which when they approach the Officer in Chief delivers the Word to the Corporal or his Lanspassadoe and they to their Superior Officers The manner of relieving is by planting a guard of Pikes next to the Relievers and adjoyning to them in the Reer a guard of Muskettiers through whom the Relievers are to pass and the Relieved to march back to their Quarters After all things thus set in order the Captain of the Guard in person by strict injunction commandeth every man to his duty from which no man either Officer or other is to depart without an especial license and in all Alarms to stand close and quietly to their Arms expecting further instruction and command what they are to do And all this time and constantly a Sentinel is appointed to guard the entrance into the Main-Guard Every Officer and Souldier in a Regiment is worthy of Honor Pay and Encouragement according to his Merit and Seniority and to this end there ought to be a perfect List of the names and number of all particular Souldiers and Officers in every Squadron which List or Catalogue is to remain in the hands of the several Corporals or Lanspassadoes which Corporals are diligently to see what defects there are of all several necessaries in their Corps du guard and to be careful that they be continually supplied which he must do by information to his Major and in case of his absence or neglect to his Captain who may inform the Governor that all wants of Fire Ammunition or Lights be made good and compleated The Corporals according to order and precept given to them are to dispose of the several Sentinels as well Pikes as Muskettiers and to have an especial care that they keep their Muskets prim'd and laden and their Match cockt and lighted with their Pan guarded which must be observed by their often visiting the several Sentinels to see that all things be in due order and with silence to the end that the Sentinels may always be heard as often as occasion is offered The Office of every Sentinel after he is placed upon his duty and in his due posture according as is above declared is to enquire of every passenger or other that shall but stir Who goes there yea though it be the Captain himself and howsoever the remotest Sentinel from the Corps du guard is to permit him with his Retinue to pass yet he is bound to have an eye upon them till he approach the nearest Sentinel to the Corps who upon the like demand is answered The Captain of the Watch which latter Sentinel commands him to stand and therefore with a loud voice calls forth his Corporal the Sentinel not stirring from his place or posture until
Hereupon it is to be supposed the Relievers are advanced toward the Main-Guard where the relieved are to be drawn off and to make a stand expecting till the Relievers shall come up which being done the relieved then are to troop homeward and after that they have attended and seen their Colours lodged they are to disband and not before And now further to satisfie the expectation of the Lovers of the Art Military it shall not seem unseasonable here to declare somewhat concerning the manner of Field-Watches or Vigils de Campe denoted unto us by the Expert and Ancients under these three Notions The first are Castra temporanea aleager ad placitum pitcht onely for the present and may perhaps alter and change it's Station in a day or an hour according to the pleasure and judgement of the General and Commanders in chief Secondly there are Castra a select or constant Camp so called because of their intentions of continuance in the besieging of a Castle or Town c. until they shall have taken the same or by some other necessity or further advantage forced to raise their Seige The third and last called Castra Such a Camp as is pitcht before or neer some Rivers side to oppose and frustrate the Incursions of the Enemy who otherwise might this way break in for the infesting or taking of a Country Now concerning such Watches or Guards which shall relate unto several Camps both in regard of the several and most convenient places for securing the Camps by Sentinels and Perdues they are to be primarily appointed and ordered according to the discretion command of the Masters of the Field whether Generals or Majors of Brigades afterwards the Serjeant-Majors Captains of Regiments according to their commands and relieved order are to design them for the aforesaid place To enlarge the several Arguments and Disputes that might further arise in-point of Field-duties relating thereunto would be too tedious and to little purpose in regard that whosoever shall but diligently observe what hath before been set down concerning the duty of Watches in Garrison and Fortresses may sufficiently be able to apprehend and perform all manner of Duties that shall concern this Field-service provided that he be careful to adhere to the directions of the Field-Officers in all points and diligent to observe the manner of managing of all things according to their instructions And therefore to avoid prolixity and fruitless disputes I refer the Reader to what hath been above related CHAP. XXV The ordering of a private Company unto a Funeral-occasion WHen any Commander or Souldier of worth shall be deceased a private Captain that would shew respect and honour by marching along with his Company attending the Corps to the place of burial must order his Souldiers after this manner They being summon'd by beat of the Drum to meet at their usual place of Rendezvous they may be drawn up according to the usual manner having a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard being thus ordered and each of the Souldiers having either in his Hat a black Feather or Ribbin the Captain may draw them off and order them to their Long-march moving them away in an orderly manner unto the place of him that is deceased and there make Alt. After which he may command the Muskettiers in the Van to open to the right and left outward to such convenient distance as the Pikes may move up between them and take possession of their first ground and those Muskettiers may face about and move down cleer of the Pikes and after close their Files inward to Order and face to their Leader Now being in two Divisions let them so continue with their Arms ordered until such time as they shall perceive the Corps to be brought forth into the Street then the Captain may face them all about and move them some three Pikes length before the Corps after which he may command his Muskettiers to perform their Funeral-Posture which is to have their Muskets under their left Arm with the But-end upward their Rests likewise on that side trailing After which the Pikes are to face again to their first Front and to lay the narrow end of their Pikes down upon the ground after facing about to the left and bringing up the But-end of their Pikes on their right side conforming themselves with the Muskettiers in their Funeral-Postures In the next place the Ensign strips his Colours off from the Staff and ties them about his right Wast putting a black Ribbon towards the very end of his Staff he after faceth to the Body of Pikes standing in the Reer of them and trailing his Staff in the same Posture Next followeth the Captain having in his hand a Half-pike or Leading-staff conforming himself likewise to his Funeral-Posture Thus being all ready to march and rightly faced toward that place where the Corps are to be interred are after this manner following to lead and to bring up The first Division of Muskettiers which was the Reer-guard is led by the Lieutenant the next Division of Muskettiers that was formerly the Van-guard is led by the second Serjeant the Body of Pikes is led by the eldest Serjeant he trailing a Half-pike upon the head of them the Ensign bringing it up and the Captain twelve foot short of him bringing up the Reer of the whole Company And after him the Ministers marching just before the Coffin in the Reer next unto it the neerest kindred and after them those that are invited to the Funeral Having thus stated the manner and order of the Military Part with all others belonging thereunto for any ordinary Funeral-occasion I shall in the next place proceed to shew their Order upon the March and how each Arms ought to be disposed before the Corps enter into the Church with the rest of the Train All persons being ordered as before expressed the Drums being covered with Black-bays and placed betwixt the second and third Ranks in each Division and all being ready to move the Drums may begin to beat their Funeral-March and the Lieutenant leading them away with the But-end of his Pattison upward and comported the rest following and marching in a leasurable and slow way along together until they come within a hundred foot of the Church-door or place where the Corps are to be interred there making Alt. After which let the Muskettiers in their Ranks File to the right and left not advancing ground and face in opposition making a Guard for the rest to pass through and resting their Muskets or putting the But-end thereof to the ground with the Barrel towards them which is a conformity to the Pikes being ordered In the mean time let the Pikes advance their Arms and immediately after move forward betwixt the Guard of Muskettiers and let their Ranks afterward file to the right and left making also a Guard their Pikes being ordered and they as the rest facing in opposition Then let the Captain who brings up the
have his Horse-head in ballance and at command then grasping the Pummel of the Saddle with his left hand and standing with his full body close to the Horse-side and just between the Bolster and Cantle of the Saddle always on the nere side of the Horse with the help of his right Hand he shall put the left Foot into the left Stirrup and with his right Hand taking fast hold on the highest part of the Cantle behind he shall by the help of both Hands gently but strongly and in an upright posture without inclining his body to either hand raise himself until he may stand perpendicular upon his left Foot and then casting over his right-leg place himself in the Saddle He being now mounted his Postures are as follow Command 2. Vncap your Pistols Direction Turn down the Caps of your Pistol-cases or Holsters with your right-hand Command 3. Draw your Pistol Direction Draw your Pistol out of the Case with your right-hand always the left Pistol first mounting the Muzzle of it Command 4. Order your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your Bridle-hand and remove your right-hand towards the Muzzle and rest the But-end upon the right Thigh Command 5. Span your Pistol Direction Sink your Pistol into your bridle-hand and take your Spanner in your right-hand and put it upon the Axle-tree winding it about till it stick and return your Spanner to its place Command 6. Prime your Pistol Direction Holding your Pistol in your bridle-hand as when you Span'd it take your Priming-box in your right-hand pressing the Spring with your fore-finger to open the Box put Powder into the Pan. Command 7. Shut your Pan. Direction Press in the Pan-pin with your Thumb and shut it Command 8. Cast about your Pistol Direction With your bridle-hand cast about your Pistol and hold it on your left side with the Muzzle upwards Command 9. Gage your Flasque Direction Take your Flasque in your right-hand and with your fore-finger pull back the Spring then turn the mouth of the Flasque downwards and let go the Spring Command 10. Lade your Pistol Direction Press down the Spring which openeth the Flasque with your fore-finger and bringing the mouth thereof to the Muzzle of the Pistol turn the Powder into the Barrel Command 11. Draw your Rammer Direction Draw your Rammer with your right-hand turned and hold it with the head downwards Command 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home Direction Hold the Rammer-head in your right-hand and take the Bullet out of your mouth with your thumb and fore-finger and put it into the Muzzle of your Pistol and your Rammer after it and so ram home Command 13. Return your Rammer Direction Draw forth your Rammer with your right-hand and return it to its place Command 14. Pull down your Cock Direction Bring your Pistol towards your rightside with your bridle-hand and resting the But-end upon your thigh with your right-hand pull down the Cock. Command 15. Recover your Pistol Direction Take your Pistol into your right-hand and mount the Muzzle Command 16. Present and give Fire Direction Your Pistol being in your right-hand with your fore-finger upon the Tricker incline the Muzzle thereof towards your Mark with a fixed eye and by degrees on the right side of your Horse-head turning your right-hand so that the Pistols Lock may be upwards having obtained your Mark draw the Tricker and give Fire Command 17. Return your Pistol Direction Return your Pistol and with your right-hand put it into your Case Concerning the Snap-hans Pistol those Postures wherein it differeth from the Fire-lock Pistol are these Command 18. Bend your Cock Direction Hold your Pistol in your Bridle-hand and with your right hand bend your Cock Command 19. Guard your Cock Direction Pull down the Back-lock with your right hand it will secure the Cock from going off Command 20. Order your Hammer Direction Draw down the Hammer upon the Pan with your right hand Command 21. Free your Cock Direction Thrust back the Back-lock with your right thumb thereby to give the Cock liberty For the more easie and speeding lading of the Pistol for the gaining of time and avoiding the carrying of either Flask or Touch-box there is an invention of a Spanner or Key which contains six Charges of Powder at the least and priming-Powder sufficient for those Charges and for the Cartouches wherewith the Pistol-cases be furnished which the Cuirassier will find to be of very good use The Cartouches are made of white Paper cut into convenient breadth and length and rowled upon the Rammer or other small round stick the edge being passed down and the Rammer drawn out one end of the Paper is to be doubled in to keep the Powder from falling out these Cartouches are to be made so big as to fill neerly the bore of the Pistol and of length to contain as much Powder as the Pistol requires for a Charge When the Powder is in tie it with thred and then put in the Bullet also tying that also these the Souldier may make at spare hours and have them always by him When he uses his Cartouches he must bite off the Paper at the head of it and so put it into the Barrel of the Pistol with the Bullet upwards and then ram it home these being beforehand prepared it will much expedite the work of lading his Pistol The Cuirassier being well mounted and throughly exercised in his Postures the next thing he should apply himself unto is to be a good Marksman to attain which he must be frequently shooting at Marks on Horsback having such set upon a Tree some higher and some lower The Cuirassier being armed Pistol-proof he must not give fire but at a very neer distance being careful to make his Bullet do execution the principal place of advantage to aim at is the lower part of the belly of his Enemy his arm-pits or his neck Some are of opinion that it is not fitting for a Cuirassier to give fire till he have his Pistol under his Adversaries Armor or against some unarmed place and if he miss of an opportunity of hitting the man he may aim at the head or brest of his Horse He is commonly to give the charge upon a Trot and seldome galloppeth but upon a pursuit Having spent both his Pistols and having no opportunity to load again he must then betake himself to the last refuge his Sword placing the Pummel of it upon his right thigh and with his right hand to direct the point thereof by his eye raising it higher or lower as ocsion serveth aiming at his Enemies Neck Arm-pits Eye or about the Pummel of the Saddle at his Belly c. but being past his Enemy he is to make a back-blow at him aiming to cut the buckle of his Poldron thereby disarming one of his Arms c. Of Exercising the Harquebusier and Carbine NOtwithstanding there be some difference between the Harquebusier and Carbine in their Horse their Arming and their Piece
yet in regard the Harquebus differeth nothing from the Carbine in length only in the Bore the manner of using them is one and the same In Marching he is to carry his Carbine hanging at his Belt by his right side or else to order it upon his right thigh In Fight he is to strive to gain the left side of his Enemy contrary to the Curassier because that in presenting he is to rest his Carbine on his bridle-hand placing the butt-end on the right side of his Breast neer his Shoulder He must exercise himself that he may use his Carbine with exactness and dexterity and be exquisite in shooting at Marks For the manner of handling the Harquebus or Carbine the directions before delivered may serve for sufficient Instruction but forasmuch as now adays our Carbines are made with Snaphans and somewhat differ from the former I will set down the order of handling of it in the several words of Command Postures for the Snaphans-Carbine 1. Order your Carbine 2. Sink your Carbine into your Bridle-hand 3. Bend your Cock 4. Guard your Cock 5. Prime 6. Shut your Pan. 7. Cast about your Carbine 8. Guard your Flasque 9. Lade your Carbine 10. Draw your Rammer 11. Shorten your Rammer 12. Lade with Bullet and ram home 13. Withdraw your Rammer 14. Shorten your Rammer 15. Return your Rammer 16. Recover your Carbine 17. Order your Hammer 18. Free your Cock 19. Present 20. Give fire He is to use his Sword in all respects as the Curassier Of Exercising the Dragoon THe Dragoon is of special use and service to assist the Cavalry as Infantry for there be many considerable Exploits which cannot be effected by the Cavalry alone The Muskettier must therefore exercise himself to give fire on Horsback When they come to guard a Passage or do other the like service they are to alight and to demean themselves as Infantry and being alighted to do their service every of them is to cast his Bridle over the neck of his Sides-mans Horse in the same order as they marched keeping them so together by some purposely appointed to attend them Of Exercising the Cavalry in their Motions THe Horsman being sufficiently instructed in the managing of his Horse and in the use of his particular Arms it is time now that he be taught how to demean himself being joyned in a Body The Horse being to be exercised is to be drawn up into a Body not by Ranks as in the Infantry but by Files and those of 5 deep according to most Authors or of 6 deep according to others that of 5 being a number not divisible by 2 so that in doubling of Ranks or Half-files or the like there will always remain an odd Rank Others would have them especially the Harquebusiers to be 8 in File making the Troop to consist of 64 Men being drawn up into a square Body Being thus put into Battalia the first thing they are to be instructed in is Distance and herein there is a disagreement among Authors Some making Close order to be 2 paces Open order 4 paces and so forward to a triple quadruple Distance proportionable Others make but two kinds of Distances Close order which is 3 foot and Open order which is 6 foot And here a difference is to be observed between the manner of taking the Distance of the Cavalry and that of the Infantry for in the Foot the Distance is taken from the Center or middle of the Souldiers Body which here cannot be understood but only of the space of Ground between Horse and Horse But the best and latest Authors are of opinion that the Cavalry being to be exercised in their Motions should be at their Distance of 6 foot or Open order standing right in their Ranks and Files The Motions which belong to the Exercising of the Cavalry are principally four viz. 1. Facings 2. Doublings 3. Countermarches 4. Wheelings And here note that in the exercising of the Cavalry we use to this day the same words that the Graecians and Romans did of old for a File the Romans called Versus and Decura a Rank Jugum a File-leader Ducanus because their Decurae or File consisted of 10 Bringer-up they termed Tergi-ducor a Leader being every odd man in a File Phrastes a Follower which is every even number Substes a Side-man Astes Their Distances also were the same with ours their two Cubits every Cubit being a Foot and a half of our Measure agrees with our three Foot their four Cubits our six Foot and so increasing upon occasion They ordered their Horse-troops at six Foot Distance between File and File in March and three Foot in fight In all the motions we also retain the same words of Command which they used Facing they called Declinatio to the Right Left Hastam Scutum Facing about Immutatio Doubling by Ranks Files Duplicandi duo genera per juga versus Their Countermarches the same which we use Evolutio Chorica Macedonica Laconica per Decurias Scutum Wheelings the same with us Conversio ad Hastam Scutum Reversio est conversionis restitutio Inflexio Wheeling about The use of Facings is to make the Troop perfect to be suddenly prepared for a Charge on either Flank or in the Reer Doubling of Ranks or doubling by Half-files or by Bringers up is used upon occasion of strengthning of the Front Doubling of Files or doubling by Half-ranks serveth to strengthen the Flanks Countermarches serve either to reduce the File-leaders into the place of Bringers-up and so have the best men ready to receive the charge of the Enemy in the Reer or to bring one Flank into the place of the other or Front and Reer or either Flank into the middle of the Body The use of Wheelings is to bring the Front to be ready to receive the Charge of the Enemy on either Flank or Reer For the better information and satisfaction and for the easie apprehending of what hath been said those several Motions are here following represented in Figures by a Troop of Harquebusiers of 64 men and in every Figure the file-leaders are represented by this kind of A. the Bringers up by this kind of a. and the rest of the Body by this kind of a. The form of the first standing To face them to the Right is done by commanding Direction This is done by turning all at one and the same time to the right hand The Front is where the right Flank was To reduce them to their first form the word is Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the left hand From thence to face them to the left the Word is Command To the right hand Direction It is performed by turning to the left From hence they are to be reduced by saying Command As you were Direction It is performed by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reer though it be proper first to do it by the right hand yet for the more ready way I
into the Field to be Exercised as it is in use at this day Let this suffice for their particular Marching and Drawing up into Battalia as for their Marching in gross we shall next come to speak of that Concerning The MARCHING of an ARMY Both HORSE FOOT With the Train of Artillery Baggage c. Exemplified in an Army of 22000 Foot and 5000 Horse With the manner how the Prince of Orange Marched to besiege Groll The Marching of an Army I Come now to let you see an Army of 22000. Foot and 5000 Horse with thirty pieces of Ordnance to wit eight Half cannon six Quarter-cannon and sixteen Field-pieces march in a Country where they may be charged either in Front or Reer then shall I give you some rules for passing of Straits and Rivers And lastly I will shew you the form and Order that the Prince of Orange observed in some of his Marches You are to observe that the Army is to be divided into Van-guard Battail and Reer and because the Van is the most honourable place they change every day so that he that hath the Van this day hath the Reer to morrow and he that had the Battle marcheth in the Van so likewise he that had the Reer the first day marcheth in the Van the third day and this Order doth the Regiment in every Tertia also follow Being thus divided they are all upon Order given by the General to stand ranged in Battalia either in their several Quarters or in some place of Arms appointed for the whole Army and standing so in readiness Command being given to March There shall first set forwards 500 Horse in one or more Troops as occasion shall require to discover and cleer all the Passage that the Army is to march by they shall advance an English Mile or more according to the Quality of the Country before the Army and send a Corporal out of every Troop which best knows the Country with fifteen or sixteen Horse to search and scoure all suspected ways those Corporals shall also advance as much before their Troops as their Troops are before the Army or thereabouts according as the Country is opened or covered and always keep three or four Horse a Musquet shot before them to prevent any sudden surprise and if they discover any Enemies they are presently to send a Horse-man to advertise their Troops and they likewise to give notice to the Army They must also diligently inform themselves as neer as possibly they can with the strength of the Enemy and still send Messengers with advertisement by whom they shall also receive Order how they shall retire or dispose of themselves After them shall follow 1000 with Fire-locks and Half-pikes divided into several Troops as well to succour the said Horse as to guard the Ordnance of the Van-guard that follow and they shall also send fifty men on either Flank with sufficient Officers to discover and keep off small parties Then shall march two Companies of Pioniers to even the way for the Artillery and with them one Waggon with Materials and an other with Victuals Next eight Field-pieces all ready charged and attended by two Gentlemen four Gunners two Waggons loaden with Powder two with Bullets and one Conductor Then three Quarter-cannon likewise charged and attended by one Gentleman two Gunners one Waggon loaden with Powder one with Bullets and one Conductor After them four Half-cannon upon their Carrages attended by two Gentlemen four Canoniers four Waggons loaden with Powder four with Bullets one with a Bucks head and other Instruments necessary to mount and dismount the Pieces and two Conductors Next shall follow 2000 Horse marching in a good distance by Regiments or Troops and in good Order After them the Van-guard of Foot consisting of 7000 and marching orderly by Regiments at their appointed distances There shall follow them half the Ammunition and Victuals for the Army then the Generals and Chief Officers Waggon and lastly the particular Waggons belonging to the Van-guard and half of that which belongs to the battail marching and taking place in the same Order as do the Regiments they belong unto in their several Bodies Then shall march the Battail consisting likewise of 7000 Foot followed with the rest of the Ammunition Vivers and baggage of the Battail and also with that which belongs to the Reer After them shall march in well ordered Divisions the Reer of the Foot consisting of 6000 Foot and next 2000 Horse as aforesaid Then in the same order as is mentioned in the Van-guard shall march four Half-cannons three Quarter-cannon and eight Field-pieces accomplished with their appurtenances as Powder Bullets necessary Instruments and sufficient persons to manage and attend them Next them 1000 Fire-locks to guard the Ordnance and succour the Forlorn-hope of the Reer as is aforesaid Lastly to close up the Army shall march 500 Horse observing the same Order as is prescribed them in the Van-guard Many there are that dislike the placing the baggage among the Troops especially when the Army is to pass any narrow way or straits because the Waggons take up so much ground and separate the Troops so far that upon occasion they will not be able to succour each other and it is certain that an Army thus divided may easily be affronted But there is no General so ill advertised being to pass a strait that hath not intelligence where his Enemy attends for him whether it be in Front or Reer And if his Enemy waits for him a head he can let his baggage come in the Reer next after the Reer of the Foot If he follow him he may place his baggage before the Van-guard of the Foot ever taking care to appoint a sufficient guard to attend it and in an open Country where the Troops may march in Battalia the Waggons may well march between the Troops placing themselves likewise in Ranks and making a Front as large as the Body they follow so shall they take up but little ground and be no trouble at all and there they are out of danger which otherwise they will be subject to if an Enemy be neer and strong in Horse The Order that the Prince of Orange Marched in going to besiege Groll FIrst marched the Horse belonging to the Van-guard After them two Companies of Pioniers with two Waggons loaden with Victuals and one with Quarter-poles Next the Enginiers and Quarter-masters a Horse-back Then followed the Guards and after them three Field-pieces of six pound Bullet and six Chambred-pieces of twelve pound Bullet with all things belonging to them upon ninteen Waggons five for the Field-pieces and fourteen for the Chambred-pieces Next came the Van-guard of Foot consisting of six Regiments and followed by three Waggons loaden with 3000 pound of Powder one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets and upon them sixty or seventy empty bags to deal out the Powder Then followed a Lieutenant with fifty men taken out of the