actions and affections for example when it is written that God knoweth the waies of the righteous Psal. 16. and that he knoweth who are his 2. Tim. 2.19 Reuel 2. 3. I know thy works it is further meant that hee knowes them with loue fauour and approbation meaning to reward and crowne them Also where it is said whom he foreknew Rom. 11.2 also 1. Pet. 1. 2. his eternall loue imbracing these as his oâ—ne is vnderstood there for the knew barely before all reprobates and deuils them and their works too but not with fauour and allowance Also remember which is a word of sense yet it often importeth care loue delight 1. Cor. 11 Doe this in remembrance of mee also God remembred Abraham Gen. 18. The scripture is to be taken in the largest sense if nothing hinder neither matter phrase nor scope Estay as 1. Pet. 1. 13. Trust perâ—itly on that grace which is brought by the reuelation of Iesus Christ. where grace may be at large interpreted of glory as imposition of hands Heb. 6. 1. of the whole ministerie and all the whole order of Church gouernment as prescribed by the word All interpretations must bee fit as well as true and one place of Scripture can haue but one fit and proper interpretation which is very hard somtime to hit vpon These two words of God be sometime vsed in scripture to note not auauthoritie but excellencie of the thing or person whereof they be affirmed as Nimrod an hunter of God Genes Sacrifices of God Ps. 150. the weapons of God 2. Cor. 10.4 the hill of God Trees of God and the like which import an excellencie Estay in Ps. 51. The scripture as it vnderstandeth somtimes lesse then is spoken to wit in all hyperbolicall speeches as in Gen thy seed shall be as the starres so somtime there is lesse spoken and more vnderstood Prou. 3. despise not the Lords correction also despise not his kindnesse Rom. 2.4 Psal. 51. 17. the Lord despiseth not by this is ment regarding or highly esteeming which is more than not to despise likewise in that speach Math. 7. depart from me I know you not that is I abhorre you and will surely punish you Adam knew his wife Euah Genes 4. that is had most inward familiaritie with her euen such as accompanieth bed-company also shall neuer be forgiuen Mark 3. that is shall be eternally punished likewise shall neuer see death Ioh. 3. that is shall liue blessedly in heauen for euer and many such may in reading be obserued where lesse is written and more ment Estay in Ps. 61. Scripture sundry times doth teach spiritual duties of faith prayer thanksgiuing repentance loue c. by such termes as serued to expresse the legall Iewish ceremoniall seruice and sacraments thus christian prayers and prayses are signified by incense and euening sacrifice Psal. 43.2 and by a pure oblation in Malach. also our repentance taught by purging out the old leauen 1. Cor. 5.8 also our whole religious seruice and worship vnder the new Testament is declared by offering gifts at the altar Math. 5.23.24 and by offering our bodies as an holy and liuing sacrifice Rom. 12.1.2 The reason is because ceremoniall worship ought euer to haue gone together with spirituall whereof it was also a shadow and type and moreouer to informe the Hebrewes that howsoeuer the externall altar and priest and sacrifices were abolished by the death of our Lord yet there remained a true worship and true sacrifices for Gods people to offer Esay 63.21 from mistaking this the Papists build there altars Beza In the writings of the Prophets the spirituall benefits of the Messiah and eternall good things to be enioyed in heauen were wrapt vp in temporall and earthly promises which was done by Gods wise dispensation who respecting the rudenesse of those times and their tender weaknesse did by things present and desirable to their nature to lift the minde vp to the true and celestiall good things Examples hereof are very plentifull as Esay 55.1.2 also Esay 49.7.10.12 and Esay 60.10 11. and verses 13.16 17. 19. The ignorance of this Rule as it led the Iewes into a conceit of an earthly Messiah who should haue an outward Monarchie flourishing and ouerflowing in earthly dignity and wealth so â—it occasioned others to imagine foolishly and falsly that the promises of grace and life euerlasting did nothing appertain to the Fathers before Christ but that they were no better than swine fed full with the acornes husks and wash of this world In setting downe the X. commandements Moses vseth a sinecdoche in euery one that is by some particular vertue or vice which he nameth he meaneth all of that kinde with all meanes causes occasions of it as in the second commandement an Image is put for all false worship in the 5. parents put for all superiors and betters in the 7. adultery for all sorts of vncleanesse about generation murther for all cruelty c. also thou for all and euery one M. r Estay on 10. command The negatiue or forbidding commandements imply the contrary as 1. command Thou shalt haue no other God that is thou shalt haue me for thy God commit not adulterie commandeth the contrary to liue chastly Estay Euery affirmatiue or commanding law implyeth a denying and forbidding as 4. com Keep holy the Sabb implyeth do not breake it Honour thy parents hath in it the contrary do not dishonour Euery commandement doth require obedience from the most inward secret thoughts and motions Reason because the whole law is spirituall as the command which forbids Adulterie forbids to lust after a woman an angry thought vnder murther Math. 5. The future tense is put for the imperatiue moode as Thou shalt not take the name c. Thou shalt not steale and so in the rest for thou maiest not thou oughtest not Estay on the ten command In setting downe the commandements God obserueth an exact order placing the waighest things and duties first afterward the lesse waighty as his essence and person before his outward worship his worship before his name his name before his Sabboth also duties of the second Table be lesser then the duties of the first and sins against the first greater theÌ„ sins against the 2. in equall comparison I meane in comparing thoughts with thoughts words with words actions with actions also maine duties with maine and meane with meane but not comparing the greatest sinnes of the second with the least of the first and smallest duties of the first with the weightiest of the second Table The last six rules do serue to guide vs in the right and full interpretation of the law or X. commandements By the ignorance whereof many remaine exceeding ignorant in Gods law to their great hurt Legall and Euangelicall sentences or promises must be distinguished not by books but
of proceeding Examples whereof amongst many easie to be marked take one or two The Church is compared to a vineyard an house a floore a net Againe that truth That all must belieue in Christ that will be saued is taught by way of commandement 1. Iohn 3.23 of exhortation Heb. 10.21 of example Heb. 11. of promise and of threatning also Iohn 3 18. also 36. Similitudes are rather for illustration to make darke things plaine then for confirmation to proue any doubtfull thing Such is the similitude of the euill steward of a vine Ioh. 15. of a King marying his sonne c. for similitudes are not argumentatiue The authority of diuine Scripture must not be subiected to humane capacitie August The reason whereof is because corrupt reason cannot diue so deep as Gods truth and the wisdom of God in his word is infinite our vnderstanding finite therefore they erre which will belieue no more than their reason can reach And this error hath been the mother of very many errors Whatsoeuer wee read in any heathen or ecclesiasticall author be it Father Doctor or Counsell or whosoeuer contrary to that wee read in scripture wee ought reiect it as false August In Ireneus we read that Christ died at the age of 50. yeeres Augustine that the communion ought to be giuen to infants In Origen that at length all deuills and men shall be saued and innumerable such like in other authors The reason is because the Scripture conteineth an infallible and perfect truth therefore it must needs be refused as false whatsoeuer in matter of religion and saluation is beside it or against it and whatsoeuer any of the learned Fathers do write truly iâ— must not be belieued because it comes from them but because it is grounded on Scripture or sound reason Certaine precepts are in common propounded to all as the X. commandements and whatsoeuer precept serues to expound them or illustrate them and some priuat to certain speciall persons as that to Abraham of killing his sonne to the Israelites of spoyling the AEgyptians Also diuers peculiar precepts to magistrates fathers and children pastors c. These common and proper precepts are to be marked because by that meanes a man shall the better walke in the waies of his calling August de doct christ All things reported and commended in Scripture must not be imitated by vs. Because many things well done were personall and not done for example to warrant vs to doe the like August de doct christ This being not knowne hath cast many vpon vnlawfull enterprises as one M. r Birchet in England who by example of Ehud thought he might haue killed a great personage in this land whom he took to be Gods enemie as some of Christs disciples offended by preposterous zeale in following Elias example calling fire from heauen When the Scripture speaketh somthing darkly it vseth for most part to ioyne thereto some plaine thing in the same place to giue light to it Whitaker Also it is Ieromes rule Esay 51. 1. the latter end of the first verse being somwhat hard is presently opened in the beginning of the second verse and in Deut. 7. 3. God hauing said thou shalt not make mariages with Canaanites by and by declares this more fully in the next words Also the 3. verse of the first of Esay expounds the second and the former part of the first verse of Esay 53. doth expound the latter and in Rom. 10. the 5. and 6. verses mentioning the righteousnesse of the law and of faith expoundeth the 3. verse touching our owne righteousnesse and the righteousnesse of God also the confession spoken of in verse 9. is interpreted verse 13. by calling on the name of the Lord. and in vers 8. hauing said the word is neere in the end of that verse sheweth what word hee meaneth to wit not of the law but the Gospell This is the word of faith which we preach See the like Rom. 8. 20. 31. 2. Tim. 4. 6. Rom. 11.7.8 1. Cor. 5.9 Ephes. 5.32 and often elsewhere though not alwaies For somtime we are to range farther of to fetch the sense of some places which we read The not obseruing of this Rule holds many in ignorance and carieth others to many errors We may not imitate the workes of Christ which be miraculous and proper to him as mediator but his morall duties only For they onely were giuen vs for example and paterne Math. 11.29 30. 1. Pet. 2.21 1. Ioh. 2. 6. that wee should walke as he hath walked The ignorance of this caused some to counterfeit themselues Christ as one Moore in K. Edward the VI. his time and one Hacklet in Q. Ellzabeths time Dauid George and sundry others according to that foretold Math. 24. Those things which are subordinate one put in order vnder another doe not fight and iarre so as vpon affirming one of them should follow the denying or excluding of the other as grace of the Father merit of the Son operation of the holy ghost ministerie of the word faith sacraments are subordinate in the matter of mans regeneration and saluation Kickerman Therefore it will not follow we are saued by grace ergo not by Christ. or this we are saued by Christ or iustified by Christ ergo not by faith or this we are iustified and saued by faith ergo what needeth ministerie or sacraments or prayer or good works as popish Priests reason most absurdly Againe Gods prouidence and endeauour in the vse of second causes and meanes be subordinate vnder and seruing one the other Therefore it will not follow we need not pray nor worke nor vse phisicke for body or soule nor preaching because it is ready appointed by Gods prouidence what shall be and what not be which all our care cannot alter as many fantastically argue to their owne perill and ruine Thus in the deliuerie of Christ to death God and Christ and Iudas Satan and Iewes are all subordinate These three latter as instruments to the two former all doing one thing though not to one end Scriptures do diuers times by the poore and needy vnderstand all Gods people poore or rich The reason is because howsoeuer the equitie of the things commanded or forbid may stretch to all sorts wealthy and needy yet there may bee particular reasons why we ought more especially regard the poore and why to that end God would commend his owne peculiar care of them amongst many examples hereof take these few Psal. 10.14 Psal. 14. 6. Psal. 72.2 he shall iudge the poore with equitie but in the next verse this office of Gods magistrate is enlarged to all the people Hills shall bring peace to the people by iustice The like Ps. 82. 3. 4. Iudges are charged to doe right to poore and needy and to defend them yet it is their dutie to discharge and performe
singular number it argueth certainety as Sabboth of sabboth Lamentation of lamentation Micha 3.4 If it be in the plurall number it signifies excellency as Eccles. 1.1 vanitie of vanities song of songs Cant. 1. God of Gods Psal. 136.2 King of Kings Lord of Lords for most high and excellent Repeating of an adiectiue and of a substantiue sometime signifies encreasing as holy holy holy Iehouah Iehouah Temple c. A verbe repeated and twise gone ouer in a sentence maketh the speech more significant or else it shewes vehemency certainty speedinesse as to die by dying Gen. 2. and is my hand shortned in shortning Esay 30.2 A coniunction dubbled doth dubble the deniall and encrease it the more as Math. 13. 14. shall not not perceiue Some figuratiue speeches beside that they doe enlarge the sense and bring with them delight ornament they do also afford matter for nourishment of our faith as Math. 25.35 ye gaue me Christ to drinke here the putting of Christ for a Christian man doth nourish faith comfort a Christian man Also the like is to be said of putting Christ for a Christian Church as 1. Cor. 12.12 and Act. 9. 4. An Ironie which is when the contrary to that which is spoken is meant carieth with it a iust reprehension of some sinne whereof examples bee in Genes 3. verse last Also Iudg. 10.14 Mark 7.9.1 King 22.15 go vp and prosper 1. King 18.27 crie a loude for he is a God Questions do sometime import an earnest affirmation as Gen. 4.7 also Ios. 10.13 Ioh. 4.35 Gen. 37.13 1. King 20.2 and sometime they signifie a forbidding as why shall the gentiles say where is there God Psal. 79. 10. also 2. Sam. 2 22. and sometime time they argue affections of admiring compassion faultfinding and complayning as Psal. 8.10 Esay 1.21 Psalm 22. 1. Concession and yeelding hath sometime in it a deniall and reprehension 2. Cor 12.16.17 But be it that I charged you not c. Holy writers speaking of things and persons which are past and gone doe vse sometime to anticipate that is they speake of them according to the custome of the place and time in which they wrote as Gen. 12. 8. the place named Bethel by Moses was named Luz in Abrahams time 1 Pet. 3. 19. Christ in spirit preached to them in spirit So they were indeede in regard of the time when Peter wrote this Epistle and not of the time wherein Noah liued In Genes 9. 2. Moses doth mention Canaan who at that time when such things as he writeth of were done was not borne And sundry other things in order of the story go before which in order of time were done after In Sacred accounts and Genealogies either the name or number of yeares how long some Prince raigned be left out The reason is because of the wickednesse of the Prince As Saul who raigned farre longer yet is said to haue raigned but two yeeres and an halfe that is lawfully and rightly Also in Mach. 18. three Kings Ahaziah Ioas and Amaziah are for their wickednesse left out The parts of time are vnderstood inclusiuely sometime and sometime exclusiuely In Math. 17. 1. it is written and after six daies Iesus tooke c. whereas Luk. 9. 28. it is written of the same thing that it came to passe about eight daies after the Reason is because Mathew put exclusiuely those daies onely which went between and were finished but Luke puts the two vtmost daies also into the reckoning Moreouer it is vsual in scriptures historicall to take the time spoken of either compleatly as fully finished or vncompleatly as being begun to be in finishing as 1. Kings 25. 19. 1. King 15. 18. 25. the last yeeres of the Kings of Israel and Iudah are not fully expired but some of them scarsely conteine moneths in them the rest of the yeers of their raigne being put compleatly The lesser number is to be counted vnder the greater and more compleat as Iudg 3. 11. the land had rest 40. yeeres when Othniell died vnder this number bee comprehended all the yeeres from the death of Ioshua vnto the death of Othniell and the 8. yeeres of seruitude vnder the Assirians Iud. 3. 20. the like is vsed diuers times in the Iudges as ch 5. 31. and 8.28 and 9.22 also chap. 10. 2. 3. The scripture vseth to call sonnes which by nature are no sons to them whose sonnes they be called but are there sonnes legally and by succession Thus Salathiel being sonne of Neri naturally Luk. 3.27 is legally and by succession made the sonne of Iechoniah whom he succeeded in the kingdome as Math. 1. 12. after this manner Zedekiah is the brother of Iechoniah or Iehoiakim 1. Chro. 36. 10. and his sonne 1. Chro. 3. 16. his brother by generation his sonne by right of succession By this rule the two Euangelists Mathew and Luke are reconciled in their Genealogie for Luke followes the naturall order and Mathew the legall order This word rather is put not alwaies comparatiuely when two persons or things are compared as like or vnlike but somtime negatiuely as a denying particle in stead of not as Luk. 18. 14. this man went away rather iustified then the other that is not the other but he departed iustified also Ioh. 3. 19. men loued darknesse rather then light that is they loued not light but darknesse This word behold is vsed not alwaies or only to stirre vp attention at the report of some waighty and admirable thing but most commonly it signifieth a thing manifest and plaine wherof all do or may take knowledge as Psalm 51. 6. Math. 1.23 and often elsewhere Doing doth somtime import beleeuing as Math. 7.2 but he that doth the will of my Father Now this is the will of my Father Iohn 6. 40. that he which beleeueth in the Sonne should haue life euerlasting These 13. Rules following are all taken out of M. Luthers works SCripture must be vnderstood not against Christ but for Christ. 2 Precepts presuppose faith as where it is written keep the commandements that is in Christ or by faith in Christ. also thou shalt loue the Lord thy God with all thine heart c. that is in Christ or by faith in him also doe this and thou shalt liue that is doe it in Christ. and so in the rest of this kinde 3 Interpretations must be drawne out of Scriptures these are the supreame and absolute meane of interpretation as the Spirit is the principall Interpreter 4 Many things are said in Scripture by anticipation and recapitulation 5 Negatiue speeches in Scripture be more vehement and forcible then affirmatiue 6 We may not interpret scripture by allegories vnlesse wee be able to auouch the allegoricall sense by some other place of scripture 7 Grammar must giue place to Diuinity Reason is Because things are not