on the highest part of the Gibbet with the other Thieves he was hanged His immense Riches sufficiently proved the Justice of this Sentence Afterwards those Receivers or Officers of the Treasury who were of his gang were laid hold on and several put to the Wrack they would confess nothing however so well those Caterpillars know how to wind up their bottoms desiring rather in the greatest extremity to lose their Lives then part with their Money They carried on this search even to his very friends and particularly Peter de Latilly Bishop of Chaalons and Chancellor of France He was accused of giving the Morsel that is to say of having poysonn'd the Bishop his Predecessor and also the late King He was put out of his Office and left a prisoner in tbe hands of the Arch-Bishop of Reims his Metropolitan The execrable Custom of Poysonning was grown very common in France and it grew so in my opinion because the Ministers of the deceased King had been so extream Violent and vindicative This Prelat accused of so Villanous a Crime was referr'd to the Judgment of the Bishops of his Province To that end there was a Council Assembled at Senlis in the Month of October of this year 1315. where the Archbishop of Reims was present with his Suffragans The Party accused upon his request and according to Law was first redintegrated to his Liberty and his Bishoprick and afterwards it having been proved that four Women had been Convicted and Punished for Poysonning his Predecessor he was absolved fully and wholly Year of our Lord 1315 The Gentry and Commonalty of the Country of Artois having divers causes of Complaint against their Countess Mahaut the King sent for her in presence of Ame the Great Earl of Savoy and obliged her to give him her Hand that he might take notice of it Year of our Lord 1315 This Ame the Great was one of the most considerable Princes of his time He acquir'd the Title of a Prince of the Empire which was granted him by the Emperor Henry VII in Anno 1310. He increased his Territory with the Lordships of Bresse and Baugey by his Marriage with Sibilla the only Daughter of Guy Lord de Baugey as likewise with a part of the little Country of Revermont by Purchase of the Duke of Burgundy who had it of Humbert Dauphin of Viennois and the Earldoms of Ast and Yvree the first whereof came to him by the Concession of the Emperor Henry VII the second by the voluntary subjection of the People His Wisdom made him reign in all the greatest Courts in Europe the Emperors King Philip's of France Edward King of England's and made him find the Art to be so much a Friend to all these Princes who were at great variance that he became the perpetual Mediator concerning those Differences which Interest and their Jealousie bred amongst them Year of our Lord 1316 The Truce with the Flemming being at an end about the very time of the Coronation the King assembled his Forces and whilst on the other side William Earl of Hayâ—ault ravaged the Country along the Scheld he besieged Courtray The unseasonable Weather did what the Flemming durst not undertake and forced him to raise the Siege but the infinite havock and spoil the Soldiers made caused a horrible Famine in Flanders About the end of the Month of May in the year 1316. King Lewis began to feel the effects of those Poysonnings grown so rife in France They had given him a Dose so violent by what hand was not known that it carried him off the Fifth day June An Accident which the Vulgar thought to be presag'd by a Comet which had Year of our Lord 1316 display'd its terrible Train in the Heavens the One and twentieth of the Month of December before He died at the Bois de Vincennes the Nineteenth Month of his Reign and the Eight and twentieth of his Age. He left Clemence his second Wife with Child being four Months gone By his first which was Margaret Daughter of Robert II. Duke of Burgundy he had had a Daughter named Jane to whom belonged the Kingdom of Navarre and the Counties of Brie and Champagne but the Kings Philip the Long and Charles the Fair found out pretences to detain them REGENCY without a KING for Five Months Year of our Lord 1316 WHen Lewis Hutin left this World Philip the Long Earl of Poitiers his Brother was at Lyons where in pursuance of his Orders he laboured to make them elect a Pope to supply the See that had been vacant for above three years He had employ'd himself with so much zeal that at length he got all the Cardinals to Lyons and had shut them up in Conclave in the Jacobins Convent They had been there together some days when the news was brought him of the death of Hutin this made him return to Paris with diligence after he had left the guard of the Conclave with the Earl de Fores. After the end of fourty days the Cardinals could come to no other agreement about the election of a Pope then to refer it to the single Vote of James Dossa a Cardinal Bishop of O Porto who without hesitation named himself to the great astonishment of the whole Conclave who notwithstanding let it pass so He took the name of John the Twenty second of that name He was of the Country of Quercy the Son of a poor Cobler but very Learned for those times The Succession of the Males to the Crown was established not by any Written Law but by the inviolable Custom of the French nevertheless because in all other Kingdoms and in great Fiefs the Daughters succeeded and that in France of a long time no occasion had been offer'd to exclude them The Friends and Parents of little Jane particularly Eudes Duke of Burgundy Brother of her deceased Mother were on the Watch pretending the Crown belonged to her in case the Fruit of Queen Clemences Womb should come to no Perfection In the mean time they named Philip the Kings Brother for Regent till the time of her delivery Philip V. King XLVII POPE JOHN XXII Elected the 7th day of August 1317. S. Eighteen years and Three Months whereof Five years under this Reign PHILIP V. Called the Long because he was Tall King of France XLVII and enjoying the Kingdom of Navarre Aged Twenty six years Year of our Lord 1316 THe Fifteenth of November the Queen brought a Son into the World whom they named John but he went out of it again eight days after He was buried in St. Denis and in the Funeral Pomp was declared King of France and Navarre Which hath given some occasion to some Modern Authors to increase the number of the Kings of France and to call him John I. Year of our Lord 1317 Then the Dispute touching the Crown was renewed with more heat then before Charles Earl of Valois seemed to favour little Jane and the Duke of Burgundy her Uncle claimed and
Lords and Citizens who were most to be suspected and bridled them with two strong Castles which he order'd to be built there Year of our Lord 1452 The University being one of the greatest Bodies and one of the most necessary to all Christendom the Cardinal d'Estouteville the Popes Legat making use of his faculty but by the Kings express Order employ'd himself in purging it of some abuses that had much disfigur'd them and made many good Reglements which are yet kept in their Archives Year of our Lord 1452 53 54 55 56 and 57. Never since the Slege of Calais had the Duke of Burgundy much concern'd himself in the War against the English but yet he was not free from crosses in his own Countries Those of Bruges being up in Arms Anno 1437. let him into their City as if they had intended to give him satisfaction then fell upon his Men killing above an hundred of them amongst the rest the Lord de L'Isle-Adam Himself ran a great hazard and escaped with much difficulty by breaking open one of the City Gates with Hammers After this fury they betook themselves to rove all about the Country Their rage began to cool when they found the rest of the Towns did not approve of their rash actions and that the Duke was coming to besiege them with a vast Army They craved his pardon which they obtained not but upon rude Conditions It cost them two hundred thousand Gold Crowns the loss of many of their Priviledges and the Lives of a dozen or fifteen of the most Factions The Ghentois gave him much more trouble by their frequent disturbances The most dangerous was that in Anno 1452. a Gabel or Impost was the cause of it He would needs settle it in Flanders and make it certain and fixt imposing 24 Gross Money of that Country upon every Sack of Salt They resolved to run all the hazards and extremities imaginable rather then suffer an Impost upon Water and the Sun which are free and universal Gifts bestow'd by Nature They relied upon the protection of the King and indeed he wrote earnestly and in high terms in their behalf to the Duke of Burgundy but having received an answer in terms that were yet higher he thought it not prudence to embarque himself in a Civil War being as yet not come to an end of the War against the English his Foreign Enemy The losses which the Ghentois met with in five or six great Fights did but heat their savage hearts the more but the Battle of Ripelmond and afterwards that of Gavre where they lost twenty thousand Men brought them so low they were forced to come to composition Two thousand Men bare Head and bare Foot with all their Counsellors Sheriffs and Officers only in their Shirts went out a League to meet the Duke and his Son to implore their Mercy The Gate through which they marched out to fight him at Riplemond was stopt up for ever They were condemned to pay four hundred thousand Ridders of Gold to bring their Banners that he might dispose of them as he pleased and to suffer a change of their Usages and Priviledges Year of our Lord 1453 Upon a Tuesday the Nine and twentieth of May Constantinople the Trunk of the Grecian Empire from which the Turks had lopp'd off all the Branches was taken perforce by Mahomet II. not more then three and twenty years of age Constantine her last Emperor perished there crowded to death by the multitude at one of the Gates of the City Such was The End of the Eastern Empire the which to reckon from the dedication of Constantinople upon the Nineteenth of May in the year Three hundred and thirty had lasted Eleven hundred twenty three years We shall henceforwards place the Turkish Sultans in the room of those Emperors Year of our Lord 1454 and 55. The Count d'Armagnac was not grown the wiser by his first chastisement he would play Rex hindring him that had provisionally the Archbishoprick of Ausch from taking possession and obstinately persever'd to keep his own Sister for his Wife maugre the Censures of the Church The King being therefore moved at the importunity of the Pope to wipe off this scandal from the Kingdom sent some Forces thither with five or six of his chief Commanders some whereof seized on the Country of Rovergne others on the Valley d'Aure and another Party on the County of Armagnac The City of Leytoure environed with a triple Wall and its Castle situate upon a steep Rock did not hold out long so that the Count sled out of the Country and retired safely to some Lands he had upon the Frontiers of Arragon Year of our Lord 1455 It concerned the honour both of the Kingdom and the King of France to justifie the memory of the Pucelle The King therefore ordered her Parents to Petition the Holy See to appoint some Judges that might review the Process Upon their request Calistus III. ordered Commissioners who were the Archbishop of Reims and the Bishops of Paris and Coutances who being met at Rouen looked into and examined the Proceedings heard divers Witnesses and thereupon fully justified that Heroick Virgin caused the former Process to be torn and burnt by which they had condemned her Their Sentence was proclaimed in Rouen at St. Ouins Churchyard and the old Market and likewise in many other Cities of the Kingdom There was no need of taking any course against her false Judges the greater part of them being perish'd either by suddain or such a shameful death as seemed to shew the hand of God upon them Year of our Lord 1455 During these years began those divisions which did not a little contribut to the losing of Navarre Blanch the Heiress of that Kingdom had a Son named Charles by John King of Arragon her Husband This Princess dying in Anno 1441. John took in second Wedlock Isabella of Portugal and retained the enjoyment of Navarre which in effect belonged to Charles as then about One and thirty years of age This dispute Armed the Son against the Father the Kingdom was divided The House of Gramont which was considerable took part with the Father that of Beaumont which was not inferior joyned with the Son The Mother in Law who could have wished the Son out of the World blew the coals and exasperated the Fathers anger From thence grew irreconcilable Enmity and cruel Wars Prince Charles having given Battle to his Father lost it and was taken Prisoner A while after he was set at liberty upon an Accomodation Year of our Lord 1456 The Dauphins ill Conduct and those insupportable Exactions he laid upon Dauphine particularly the Clergy did so irritate the King his Father that he commanded Anthony de Chabanes Earl of Dammartin to go and Arrest him Dammartin having been cruelly offended as we have related would have executed this Order severely had not the Dauphin been informed and made his escape in post-haste into the Principality of
it publickly The Faculty of Theology proceeded farther they made a Decree to receive or admit no more Doctors hereafter that did not first Swear to profess and maintain that the Virgin was conceived without any blemish or stain A great victory for the Cordeliers to have thus obliged their Adversaries to swear what they never intend to believe or practise Alms being the only Revenue of the Mendicants they endeavoured to engross the Confessions and Burials of all Seculars to themselves that so they might get pr ofit both by the Living and the Dead They had two advantages above the Ordinaries the first was the Union of their Community all labouring with one mind and never quitting the design they have once propounded to themselves the Second the exterior mortisied and singular Fashion of their Habits So that the Churches belonging to those Monasteries were ever crowded with throngs of People and the Parish Churches almost deserted the Sheep forsaking their natural Shepherds and the solid Food of their true Nursing Fathers to run after the others Spiritual dainties In the year 1409. when the 〈◊〉 came to know they had a Pope of their own Order which was Alexander V. they seemed as it were transported and out of their Senses hurrying thorow every street so verily did they imagine they should dispose of his power to their own advantage And indeed he did grant them all they desired and amongst other favours a Bull to the four Orders Mendicants which augmented their Priviledges to such an excess that the University of Paris opposed it and lopp'd off all those from their Body that made use of them The Jacobins and Carmelites renounced all right to it but the Cordeliers and Augustins stood up for them The King was fain to interpose his Authority Proclamation was made by sound of Trumpet at the Doors of their Covents forbidding them either to Preach or to Confess So that Pope John XXIII revoked that Bull and the Council of Constance annull'd all those abusive Priviledges They did not desist from carrying on their Enterprizes and maintained that one is not obliged to be at the Parish Church Masses upon Sundays and Holy-Days nor to make Offerings to the Curates upon those Days that such as were obliged to have Masses sung whether for the Living or for the Dead did not acquit themselves of that Obligation if they had it done by the Curates only for as much as he was bound to do so by his duty That the Law of God did enjoyn the paying of Tithes indeed but that it matters not to whom they are paid provided they are bestowed for pious Works That Saint Francis did regularly once a Year descend into Purgatory and take forth all those that died in his Habit or of his Order That the Friers Minors might hear Confessions without approbation of the Ordinary and provided they made Confession to them they were not obliged to confess to their Pastor no not once a Year The Council of Basile condemned these Propositions as erronious and tending to destroy the Hierarchical Order The Devotion of the Rosarie and of the Virgins Psalter instituted by Saint Dominique but afterwards disused and neglected were restored by the Preaching of the blessed Alain de la Roche a Jacobin particularly in Saxony Belgica and the lesser Bretagne and soon after confirmed by Pope Sixtus IV. You may remember to this purpose that Lewis XI ordained in his time the Devotion to be paid to the Virgin at Noon upon the ringing of a Bell. Nor must we forget now in the Year 1475. he commanded the Feast of Saint Charlemain should be Solemnized which had been otherwhile ordained by Pope Paschal upon the request of the Emperor Frederic I. and afterwards received and approved by all the Western Churches Innocent VII Pope of Rome approved the Rule of the third Order of Saint Dominique Lewis Barba Patrician of Venice Abbot of Saint Justinas at Padoua reformed the Order of Saint Bennet in 1408. and instituted the Congregation of Mount Cassin Anno 1419. Saint Bernardin of Sienna attempted to reform the Order of Saint Francis and to bring them to a more strickt Observance which divided it as it were in two Branches that of the Observantines or the narrow Sleeves and that of the Cordeliers Conventuals or of the great Sleeves Some Years after to witt in 1425. the Blessed Collect Boilet Native of Corbie a Holy Sister of Sancta Clara did likewise reform the Monastery of Nunns of her Order She died at Ghent in the Year 1447. On the contrary the Rule of the Carmelites as too austere was qualified and moderated by Pope Eugenius III. in Anno 1432. in the same manner they hold to this Day who are called Mitigated The Brangling Cobweb Scholastick Controversies still kept the upper hand in the University Their Latin was gross and had only the Termination but not the Phrases and pleasing Air of the true ancient Roman Tongue The Greek was a greater Stranger yet then the Latin and more barbarous but both of them began to be refin'd and polish'd the Latin a little before the midle of this Age in imitation of Petrarque and other Italians who after him set themselves upon the Study of Elegancy and the Greek about the Year 1460. when the learned Grecians sheltred themselves in divers Parts of the West after the taking of Constantinople Gregory Tiphernas came to Paris in Anno 1460. and presented himself to the Rector to teach the Greek Tongue and have that Reward allowed by Holy Decree which was granted Hermonyme of Sparta came soon after and taught that Language to John Reclin who took the name of Capnion then Janus Lascaris arrived and by his politeness gave a great Gusto to all the most learned Men. After that many showed their Parts as Poets Orators and Grammarians in both these Tongues The Credit of the University appeared very eminently at the time of the second Schisme as well as in the first Who was as we may say the chief Promotrice of the Pragmatick Sanction so holy and to this very Day so much regretted by good People We have hinted how the Cardinal d'Estouteville reformed the abuses of this Body in the Year 1452. and how Lewis XI gave Order to John Wesel a Cordelier to labour to banish thence those obstinate contests which were between the Realists and the Nominals Wesel having therefore Assembled the Principal Officers and Heads of the University with their Consent and Advice contrived an Edict dated the First of March in the Year 1473. at Senlis which forbid Teaching any more the opinions of the Nominals and comma nded that all such Books of theirs as were in the Libraries should be chained up lest any should come to peruse them or transport them from that place There were few Learned men in France but like Bees came out of this fruitful Hive Amongst the Divines you have John Gerson whom we have mentioned who lived
Bayard one of the Secretaries was Imprisoned and Villeroy his Compagnon deprived of his Employment James du Tiers and Claude Clausse Marquemont were put in their Places as in that of John du val Tresorier de l'Espargne Blond de Bochecour whose Wages or Salary was augmented to thirty Thousand Livers a certain presage of the future wasting of the Finances They likewise took away the Office of Grand Master of the Artillery or Ordnance from Claude de Tais to give it to Charles de Cossé Brisac the Lord amongst all the Courtiers the most lovely and the most beloved by the Kings Mistress Longeval accused to be of Intelligence with the Emperor redeemed himself by selling his fair House de Marchez in Laonnois to Charles de Lorrain who soon after was made Cardinal Of Twelve Cardinals that were then in France the new Ministers to be the more at large and at their own ease sent Seven of them to Rome upon pretence of Fortifying the French Party for the Election of a Pope when Paul III. who was near Fourscore years old should come to die Annebaud to satisfie to an Edict which they had purposely made that one man could not hold two great Offices was forced to quit that of Mareschal wherewith Saint André was gratified Francis I. had encreased the number of Mareschals even to Four but finding that the multitude debased that great dignity he had resolved to reduce them to two so that at this time there were but three They added a fourth which was Robert de la Mark Sedan Son in Law of Diana They made process against Odard de Biez likewise Mareschal of France and against Vervin his Son in Law They were not Condemned till the year 1549. Vervin lost his head His Father in Law an Honourable old Man and by whose hands Henry being then but Dausin would needs be made a Knight was shamefully degraded of his Office and the Order of Saint Michael He died of Grief in the Fanxbourg Saint Victor whither he had permission to retire The Earldom of Aumale was erected to a Dutchy in favour of Frances Eldest Son of Claude Duke of Guise The Dutchess d'Estampes having no more support at Court and seeing her self despised by all the World even of her own Husband chose one of his Houses for her Retreat where she yet lived some years in the Exercise of the new Religion to which her Example and Liberalities drew a great many People All the Kings Revenues being too little to satisfie the Covetousness of the new Ministers they sought to have Advice what to demand of him but the Genius of the French nor their Parliaments being yet used to suffer Monopolies and Farmers they employ'd Accusers or Informers who brought the richest Delinquents to Justice that they might enjoy their Spoils by Confiscations or by Compositions As to Things without Doors the Pope desired to have a defensive League with the King and for that end had sent the Cardinal Saint George Legate into France to give the King thanks for having promised his Natural Daughter Diana but nine Years old to his Grand-Son Horace and to negociate a more strickt Alliance with him The King gave no Positive Answer to the last Proposition his Affairs not being as yet in good Order and they suspecting his great Age and the Fidelity of his Children And indeed he was at the same time treating with the Emperor to get the Dutchy of Milan for John Lewis Farneze his bastard Son The King and the Emperor laboured separately and distinctly with the Turk the one to have a Peace with him the other to incite him to fall upon Hungary Year of our Lord 1547 as he had promised King Francis Now as on the part of France they neglected a while to send any News to Constantinople or even give notice of the death of that King the Emperor meeting no Obstruction obtained a Truce of Solyman for five Years paying him thirty thousand Crowns Tribute Annually and making him believe he held a very good Correspondence with the French and that they would have no more to do with the Port. Nevertheless Solyman desiring still to preserve his Amity with France would needs without being required have the King to be comprized in the Truce of Hungary as if he had been absolutely a Party contracting It is to be observed that in the Writings or Instrument of this Truce Solyman stiles Charles V. only simply King of Spain and the King of France the most serene Emperor of France his most dear Friend and Allie The Sixteenth of July the King being returned out of Picardy where he had been to visit the Frontiers saw at Saint Germains en laye the famous Duel between Guy Chabot Jarnac and Francis Vivonne la Chasteigneraye they quarrell'd about some certain intrigues of the Womens Jarnac had given the Lie to Chasteigneraye upon some villanious reproach of his concerning his Fathers second Wife He challenges him to fight the King permitted it causeth the Lists to be made ready and would needs be a Spectator with the whole Court He fancied Chasteigneraye would have the better whom he cherished and yet it fell out that Jarnac though much weakned with a Feavour that tormented him brought him down with a back blow he gave him on his hams They parted the Combatants but the vanquished not able to undergo so much shame in the Kings Presence would never suffer the Chyrurgions to bind up his wound but dyed of rage within a few days The King was so concerned at it that he sware solemnly never to permit the like Combats In the Month of August the Grands Jours or extraordinary Court of Justice began to be held in the City of Tours The troubles continued in Scotland The English were obstinately bent to have the young Queen for their King Edward and had gained a furious Battel against the Scots and after it taken several places The King sent therefore an Army into Scotland Commanded by Dessé Epanvillers who was accompanied by Peter Strozzi and Dandelot Brother to Chastillon They settled the Authority of the Queen Dowager stopt the Progress of the English and the year following brought the young Queen into France she was but six years of Age. Two Months before the Kings Coronation news came into France that the Protestant Princes of the League of Smalcalde were vanquish't by the Emperor in the Battel of Mulberg the twenty fourth of April That John Frederic Duke of Saxony their chief head and a Prince of great worth was taken Prisoner in the rout that the Emperor had caused him to be Condemned to lose his Head and having with much ado given him his life he detained him in Prison and had deprived him of his Dutchy to invest his Consin Maurice with it who was of the same House of Saxony and of the same Religion that all the great free Cities excepting Magdenbourgh had submitted that the Landgrave of Hesse had been forced to
intelligence of a School-master whom the desire of Gain had wrought upon to shew them a certain place where they might scale it It was upon a Shrove-tide Festival when Figuerba and all the Nobility of the Spanish Army were come thither to make a Carousel The City being taken Figueroa cast himself into the Citadel the Mareschal caused it immediately to be batter'd and in a few days forced it to capitulate Year of our Lord 1555 Queen Mary and the Cardinal Pool her Cousin fearing lest the quarrel betwixt the two Kings should embroil the English in a War earnestly desired to procure a Peace between them Their great instances engaged them to send Deputies betwixt Calais and Ardres to treat They Arrived there the one and twentieth of May. For their accommodation several Tents were set up containing a large Hall in the midst of them having four Gates one to the East for the Popes Legates one at the West part for the English Ambassadors one in the South for those of France and one on the North for the Emperors The two Princes according to the Proposals made by the English agreed well enough about the referring all their differences to the judgment of the Council but the King declaring he would not restore the Duke of Savoy till the Emperor surrendred up Navarre to Jane d'Albret and Piacenza to the Farneses the Assembly broke up without concluding any thing Neither the one nor the other were very well prepared for a War so that this Summer past without any great exploits The Imperial Army after several Marches and Skirmishes employ'd themselves in fortifying the Burrough of Corbigny upon the Meuse which they named Philip-Ville Martin Van Rossen Mareschal of Cleves who commanded it dying of the Plague the Prince of Orange succeeded him in that employ Beyond the Alpes after the capitulation of Siena they likewise took the Port-Hercole The French succeeded ill at the Siege of Calvi in Corsica The Mareschal de Brissac took Vulpian and though but little assisted by the Court made head bravely against the Duke d'Alva who succeeded Figueroa This Duke could bring Five and Twenty Thousand Men into the Field notwithstanding he received an affront before Saint Ia being forced to raise his Siege Year of our Lord 1555 The Five and Twentieth day of May Henry d'Albret King of Navarre died at Hagetmar in Bearn The King had a great desire to seize upon the rest of that petty Kingdom and to give Anthony de Bourbon who had Married the Heiress some Lands in exchange but Anthony hast'ned to go and take possession of it and his Wife found means to preserve it notwithstanding the perswasions and treachery of her Officers The King was so fretted at it that he dismembred Languedoc from his Government of Guyenne to bestow it on the constable he refused to give that of Picardy which Anthony surrendred upon his going away to Lewis Prince of Conde his Brother and gratify'd Coligny with it After his departure it hapned that la Jaille being gone to make incursion in Artois with a party of the Arriere-band was upon his return cut in pieces by Hausimont Governor of Bapaume a slight shock which yet so terrified the French that they put their Men in Garrisons About the same time the Diepois having Information that two and twenty great Flemmish Vessels were returning from Spain loaden with rich Goods went and laid in wait for them about Dover and not staying to fire at them went directly aboard Their Vessels were little and low the other large and high built so that they maul'd them with Shot and Granado's from above The Fight lasted six hours hand to hand at length some of them took Fire which burnt half a dozen of either Ships and parted them sooner then otherwise they would have done Jane Queen of Spain Widdow of Philip the Fair and Mother of the Emperor Charles V. died in Spain the Twelth of April Aged 73 years She had been lock'd up as one distracted ever since the death of Philip her Husband however the Estates still reserved the Title of Queen of Spain for her which in all publick instruments was joyned with that of the Emperor her Son This Great Prince finding his Body grown weak and his head crazy not being any longer able to support either the heavy burthen of worldly Affairs nor his own decayed Cottage Resolved in a Council of Women these were his two Sisters to renounce his Soveraignty Having therefore sent for his only Son Philip King of England to come to him to whom the year before upon his Marriage he had already given the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicilia and since that also the investiture of the Dutchy of Milan he assembled the Estates of the Low-Countries at Bruxels the Five and Twentieth of October and there he Created him first Chief of the Order of the Fleece then he resigned up those Provinces to him A Month after in the same City in presence of the Governors and Deputies of his other Estates whom he had called thither for that purpose he yielded up and remitted to him all other his Kingdoms and Seigneories as well in Europe as in the new World He had nothing now left him but the Empire which he held yet a year hoping to oblige his Brother Ferdinand to resigne that up likewise to his Son In the Month of March of this same year Pope Julius III. ended his life Marcel II. who was Elected in his place held it but one and twenty days and they Elected the Cardinal John Peter Caraffa Aged fourscore and one year old He was Son of the Count de Matalone in the Kingdom of Naples and they called him Theatin because he had been Archbishop of Theati and had there instituted the Order of Clerc's Regulars who took their name from that City Many because of the resemblance of the habit have confounded the Jesuits with them His religious life and austere manners which made the World affraid of a severe reformation were immediately changed into a proud and a luxurious huffing vanity He was of a haughty heart and a stubborn Spirit and yet suffer'd himself to be circumvented by his Nephews and led any way as they pleased Amongst the rest he had two Sons of his Brothers these were Charles who had born Arms for the French under the Mareschal Strozzi and Alphonso Count de Montorio greatly desirous to raise themselves the first very proud and rash the second more mild and moderate To this he gave the Government of the Church Lands and to the other a Cardinals Hat The Uncle and the Nephews for divers injuries received hated the Spaniards and by a necessary consequence all those of that party especially the Duke of Florence and the House of the Colonnas who besides all this have ever been averse to the power of the Popes Year of our Lord 1555 Being therefore prompted by this resentment and that spirit so ordinary in many of the Papal
upon the Besiegers the first charge was but with little success but at the second when they had gotten some Cannon and a Reinforcement of a thousand Men sent them by Rochepot Governor of Anger 's they broke thorough their Barricado's pierced even into the Bass-court of the Castle and followed them so close as they betook themselves to their Heels but not breaking down the Bridge the greatest part were kill'd or taken Prisoners In Languedoc Montmorency armed slowly thinking by such coldness to make them send him the Constables Sword which other considerations with-held Albigny and Lesdiguieres made War in Daufine by taking and re-taking several Forts from each other The latter being the stronger marched sometimes towards Lyons to assist Maugiron who held one of the Castles of Vienne for the King and had St. Chaumont for Antagonist He likewise went frequently towards Provence to help la Valete Montmorency also passed the Rhosne divers times but that was to endeavour to lay hands on some places to enlarge his Dominion Provence was miserably rent and distracted by three or four Factions not reckoning the Royalists The Duke of Savoy had his the Countess de Sault and the Count de Carees each theirs That of the Duke seem'd to be the most predominant and to draw the two others to his Interests but the the Countess it was Christierne d'Aguâ—rre Widow of Lewis d'Agout Count de Sault a Woman of great courage and of a high spirit would not introduce him into the Province but to make her Year of our Lord 1590 self the stronger and the Count de Carces likewise not being able to stand upon his own Legs gave that Duke footing only that he might be enabled to make head against la Valete For he imagined that being prime Lord of the Country and Lieutenant of the Forces by Authority of Parliament all the Authority there ought to devolve on him The Parliament was also mightily divided between these three Factions and moreover some of the Officers belonging to them had left them to follow the Kings Party and that of la Valete his Governor These had withdrawn themselves to Manosque where they affirm'd they were the true Parliament During the first heat of these Commotions the Dukes Money and Practises gave month January c. him the advantage the Magistrates of the chief Cities amongst others Marseilles and Aix being all for him A great Assembly of the Clergy and Nobility which was held at Aix in the Month of January resolved to put the Province under his Protection and deputed a Bishop and the eldest Consul of the City to him and after that the Parliament Ordained likewise that he should be called in to defend it To which they added that the Estates of the Bigarrats so they named the Royalists should be confiscate As to the rest it were folly to engage in a Relation of all the several Intrigues and Exploits of so many Parties who changing every moment both their Designs and the management of them did not well know themselves what they would have or do I shall therefore not mention them no more then those of several other Provinces Only of Bretagne let me say that the Prince de Dombes rudely repulsed the Duke de Mercoeur took Hennebon Montcontour and Lambale but could not engage him to a Battle I shall likewise take notice of the great change at St. Malo's because it was a place of great importance Honorat de Bueil des Fontaines Governor of the Town lodged in the Castle which month March lies upon the Harbour and had there stowed all the Riches he had scraped together in the time of his being in favour with King Charles IX The Malouins being persuaded that he had plotted to introduce a strong Garison into their City and set the wealthiest Merchants at Ransom conspired to rid their hands of him Having therefore corrupted a Valet de Chambre of his they scaled the Castle on the Fourteenth of March in the night and it so hapned that he was kill'd with a Carbine Shot at a Window whether by chance or designedly I know not After which they plundred his Goods then got the Duke of Mercoeur to justifie them and fell in with the League yet they warily refused to admit of any Soldiers but kept the Castle themselves The Affections of considering Men as well as fortune and success began to dispose their minds by little and little to favour the King Pope Sixtus better informed Year of our Lord 1590. July of the condition of both Parties and comparing the qualities and the manner of that Princes acting with the Duke of Mayennes did well foresee that he would have the better and indeed he received into Rome then to his Audience the Duke de Piney deputed from the Catholick Nobility notwithstanding the threats and protestarions of the Spanish Ambassador and had sent Order to his Legat in France that he should make no use of Excommunication but try all ways of prudence and gentleness to bring back the King The People began likewise to be made sensible of the real goodness of this Prince as he had already taught them to dread his courage And the Duke of Nevers who had hitherto remained as it were Neuter in his own Town after his having consider'd of all the methods likely to convert him judged none could be either more certain or more Conscious then wisely to thrust himself between the Huguenots and him to divide him from them and so draw him mildly towards the Catholick Church With this design he came about the beginning of July and brought in great numbers of the Gentry by his Interest and Example It was about the same time the King recalled the Chancellor de Chiverny and restored the Seals to him Montholon had discharg'd himself of them after the death of Henry III. fearing he might be engaged to Seal some thing in favour of the Huguenots though he still remained of the Kings Party in which he this year died honoured by good Men with the Surname of the French Aristides After his demission the Seals had been managed by the Cardinal de Vendosme then put into the custody of Ruse Secretary of State but without any power of using them save by Order of the Mareschal Biron who had a hand in every thing About the time of his return the City of St. Denis surrendred and a design the Leaguers had contrived upon Senlis miscarried St. Denis having consumed all their Stores wherewith it was as little provided for as Paris made their Composition which was advantageous enough because the King desired to lodge there As to Senlis Bouteville who was Lieutenant to his Cousin Tore there walking one night upon the Rampart overheard some People beneath in the Fosse who spake very low and perceived they planted a Ladder against the Wall he rouls down a huge Stone from the Parapet which beat the Ladder in pieces and broke the Thigh-bone of one of them this
of Balagny and had no less contempt then hatred for him after the check he received before Senlis Rhosne well acquainted with their discontent and having great intelligence in the City advised Fuentes to besiege it and that the French might not be able to bring relief in a Body to take in Dourlens first There were but few within the place notwithstanding Fifteen hundred Horse and Foot did make a shift to get in and at the same time the Count de Sainct Pol the Mareschal de Bouillon and the Admiral de Villars joyned together to succour it They had above four thousand Men and the Duke of Nevers was not above a days march distant with twelve hundred more but as there was no unity amongst those Chiefs and they disdained to obey that Duke they hastned to relieve the place before he joyned with them Fuentes encouraged by Rosne went to meet them at first the Mareschal made a very stout Charge but having the worst he falls to a retreat and the Admiral who staid behind to make another Charge engaged so far amongst the Enemies that they surrounded and took him Prisoner with fifteen or twenty Gentlemen of note and all his Foot were cut in pieces The Spaniards killed him and Sesseval in cold Blood for they are not wont to pardon any who having once been under their Pay shall take up Arms against them The King gave the Office of Admiral to Damville the Constables Brother and the Government of Havre to the Chevalier d'Oyse Brother of the deceased but restored the City of Rouen to perfect liberty having ordered the Fort St. Catharine to be demolished As the jealousie between Bouillon and Villars occasioned this loss that between the Duke of Nevers and Bouillon caused a more bloody one While Nevers excused himself Year of our Lord 1595 from undertaking the Command because they had reduced things into so ill-favoured month July a condition that he could reap no honour by medling with it and on the contrary Bouillon did all he could to thrust it upon him thinking thereby to shelter his Reputation under anothers name and amidst his fears and suspicions marched giddily about the place without attempting any thing it hapned eight days after the Battle that the Besieged who fought very well yet defended themselves but ill for want of Ingeniers unfortunately suffer'd the Enemies to force in upon them The Spaniards gained the Castle by a general assault upon a Bastion and made great slaughter of the Garison that was within it From thence they descended into the Town where finding no resistance they massacred all as well the defenceless Women and the Children as the Armed Men the raging Soldiers running thorough every Street and crying This is the Revenge for Ham. They gave no quarter but to seven or eight whereof Haraucour Governor of the City was one The Pavement was strewed with the Bodies of above three hundred Gentlemen who were gotten in and two thousand Persons more It is incredible how great the Spaniards joy was to find by this experiment it was possible for them to beat the French by fine force who till now were ever wont to beat them so but that which raised their hearts and spirits more yet was that at the very same time they had news from the Low-Countries that Mondragon who commanded their Army there in the absence of Fuentes had forced Prince Maurice to raise his Siege from before Groll in the Country of Overissel and having afterwards encamped near him boasted that he would hinder him from undertaking any thing all the rest of the Campagne So after they had setled Hernand Teillo Protocarerro Governor in Dourlens hover'd some days upon the Frontiers of Picardy and put a fresh Convoy into la Fere they marched towards Cambray full of the confidence of their taking it For consolation of these losses the King was informed his Affairs advanced very successfully at Rome After the Duke of Nevers was gone thence dissatisfied Pope Clement having notice that in France they had renewed the Proposition for making a Patriarch there relaxed somewhat of his severity and finding of late the King did not much sollicite him he began to apply himself to the King He wrote to the Cardinal de Gondy to renew that Negociation sent the Jesuit Possevinus to Lyons to confer about it with the Constable and with Bellievre and order'd the Cardinals Year of our Lord 1595 Protectors of the Chartreux Capucins and Minimes to command those Orders to month July mention and name the King in their Prayers which they had not hitherto done The Huguenots and even the Politicks were of opinion they ought to make him postulant in his turn and run after what he had rejected nevertheless considering the great Consequences the King resolved to send some Deputies of Rome and give them an express Procuration to Treat about the Conditions of his Absolution and to receive it in his name For this purpose he made choice of James David Du Perron and joyned Arnold d'Ossat with him as then but a simple Priest yet a Man of rare prudence and great merit who had before Negociated a long time in that Court It was said of the latter he had the talent to insinuate into the most Refractory and charm them to listen to him of the other that he left no room for reply if they would but hear him with attention so great was the rapidity and force of his Reason that he did not only persuade but he compel'd The multiplicity of Affairs that interven'd in the Kings Council having obstructed Du Perrons dispatch four Months together the Spanish Faction had a fair opportunity to make the Pope believe they scoffed at him and when this Agent did come contrary to their hopes they practis'd all their subtilties and laid what stress they could upon the ill success at Dourlens to hinder both him and d'Ossat from being admitted to Audience Then when they had been received which was about mid July and the Pope having taken advice of the Cardinals in private had declared month July in Consistory that two thirds of the Votes were for allowing Absolution to the King they were reduced to the starting of new difficulties about the manner endeavouring sometime to persuade it ought to be given at the Tribunal of the Inquisition then to crowd in some Expressions that wounded the King and at another time to propound some Formalities which should submit both him and his Kingdom to the Soveraignty of the Pope The Court of Rome was easily induced to lay hold of this last the bare prospect did so please them as they employ'd all their Arts and Engines to persuade the Kings month July and Aug. Agents to deposite his Crown in the hands of his Holiness who after the Absolution pronounced would have placed it upon one of their Heads again They got over this difficulty happily enough but three more rubs were thrown in their way the one that the
likewise somewhat to clear before him concerning the great Affair of the point of Grace with the Dominicans wherein they ran no less hazard should they miscarry then to be charged with temerity and errour month June July c. Whilst both parties were thinking to arm the one to attaque and the other to defend themselves their men of Learning began the War by divers writings which they sent picqueering abroad The most Signal that appeared on the Theatre for the Republick were Pol Soave of the Order of the Servites vulgarly called Fra Paolo John Marsile a Neapolitan Doctor in Theology and Fulgentius of the same fraternity with Pol Soave on the opposite Cardinal Bellarmine and the Cardinal Baronius appeared the most zealous defenders of his Holiness After these had dealt the heaviest blows a confused multitude of meaner Authors tilted at one another the meanest Lawyers and Canonists presuming according to the party they espoused either to restrain or extend the Authority of the Pope beneath or above the Council and Canons and to discourse of the power of Princes and the boundaries of their Dominion It was to be feared lest a more dangerous shock should follow the Pope drew his Forces together in the Dutchy of Spoleta and had given the general Command of them to Rainutio Farnese Duke of Parma He had promis'd himself to make his Censures Year of our Lord 1606 more biting with the sharp edge of his Sword and at first breath'd nothing but Battels and Sieges but these were old mens flashes which grew cold and drooping as soon as he began to feel the burtâ—â—â— of the expence the cares attending so great an enterprize and the perpleâ—ity he had run himself into The two most potent Princes of Christendom the Kings of France and Spain outvied each other in offering their Assistance but he perceived plainly that they at the same time treated with the Venetians and designed only to make an accommodation and gain the honour and credit to themselves The Spaniard had sent him a very obliging Letter and dispatched Francis de Castro Ambassador extraordinary to Venice The King of France also dealt with his Holiness by Alincour his Ambassador in Ordinary and towards the end of the year ordered the Cardinal de Joyeuse to go to the Venetians to Negociate the Treaty which was already much advanced by Fresne Canaye his Ambassador in Ordinary Year of our Lord 1607 The Cardinal found nothing so difficult as the re-establishment of the Jesuits the Senate perswaded they had not only animated the Pope to lay the interdiction but also month January stirred every stone and tried all possible means to debauch the people and the other religious Orders had caused information against them touching other Criminal matters and as if they had been Convicted banished them from all their Territories by a solemn Decree Wherefore they stood stifly upon it not to open the Door again for their re-admittance at least till such time as by a deportment wholly contrary to the former they had taken away all just cause of suspicion and jealousie month February As to the rest of the conditions they soon agreed upon them The Senate made a Vote to resign the Prisoners and not execute their Decrees till both Parties were satisfied therein to revoke all their Edicts made against the Interdiction and recall all the Religious Orders that had retired themselves excepting the Jesuits Reciprocally the Pope passed his word to take off the Censures and receive the Seigneury into his paternal affection Joyeuse and d'Alincourt Procurators for the King in this mediation promised to subscribe to these conditions and to become security to his Holiness for performance and his Holiness upon the receipt of this writing from their hands was to give Joyeuse power to take off the Censures month March The Cardinal de Joyeuse went post to Rome with these Articles The day after his Arrival which was the Eighteenth of March the Pope having admitted him to Audience did again make great Efforts at least in appearance for the restoration of the Jesuits for it concern'd him in honour not to forsake them visibly since they had been expell'd for his quarrel The Cardinal did as good as undertake to obtain this point if they would leave the business absolutely to his management but the Pope did not think that convenient The Cardinal du Perron who was then at that Court upon some other account employ'd his Eloquence to perswade him he ought not to break off the agreement for the Jesuits sakes since their return was not positively denied but only deferred The Pope pretended to yield to his ponderous reasons but it appeared at last that Du Perron's was a needless debate on that point since the Spaniards as was after known bad secretly obtained of his Holiness that he would make no further instance but for fashion-sake only whereof they failed not to give the Senate Notice They had had all the share they could desire in the secret inward managing of this Affair but they endeavour'd likewise to have the outward publick transacting The French would never suffer et which proved none of the least difficulties in the compleating it For these Urafty Politicians resolving to have a hand in 't or to break it sometimes demanded that the taking off the Censures should be done at Rome otherwhile essay'd to have some new Clause added to the Popes Brief Then again they endeavour'd to perswade they ought to oblige those Bishops that had not obey'd to come to Rome and defire absolution of his Holiness None of these succeeding they try'd to allarme him by spreading a report the Senate would protest against the surrender of the Prisoners but the Cardinal de Joyeuse secur'd him from that apprehension Having made all these attempts in vain they demanded that the Cardinal Sapate who had zealously stickled for the interests of his Holiness might be associated with the Cardinal de Joyeuse for the executing of the Brief But Joyeuse told them plainly he would sooner leave all as it was then suffer any other whoever he were to partake this honour with him month April Wherefore thus was their Affair determined After the Cardinal was returned to Venice and had consulted with the Seigneory they appointed the one and twentieth of April for the Action In the morning of that day before any other thing was done the two Pâ—â—soners were brought to the Dukes House and theredeliver'd into the Year of our Lord 1607 hands of a Doctor Commissioned by his Holiness for that purpose in the presence of several Witnesses That done the Cardinal entred alone into the Senate when he had been there some time they called in two Witnesses before whom he caused the Brief of interdiction and Excommunication to be read by a Herauld After which he gave absolution in due form with the sign of the Cross to the Senate and to all those that had incurr'd the said Censures An Act thereof
also troubled England the Kings William and Henry maintaining it was a Right and Prerogative of their Crown and in all times possessed by their Ancestors For which cause Anselme Arch-Bishop of Canterbury had lost his See but at last that difference was composed An. 1107. upon condition the King should for ever relinquish the Investitures in the Church and that reciprocally the Bishops should render him Hommage This was to speak properly nothing but the changing of terms for he that doth Hommage is a Vassal and receives and holds of him to whom he renders it And indeed the Popes could have wished that the Bishops had not done it to Lay-Princes and they had expresly forbid it to those in France but the resolution King Lewis the Gross and his Successors shew'd in this point obliged them to relaxe They durst not at the same time contend both with this great Kingdom and Germany they must leave some place of shelter in time of need and besides they did not so much trouble their Heads to lessen France with whom they had no contests for Dominion as to pull down the Emperours who being very powerful in Italy had still an aim of restoring their Imperial Throne in the City of Rome Besides France was better united and by consequence more difficult to be subdued then the Empire where the Subjects as well those of Germany as those of Italy and the Kingdom of Arles being divided amongst themselves and having all different Interests have at length ruin'd that vast body by their Jealousies and Rebellions It was for this reason the Popes made it their business so much to lessen that power and it is certain that all other Princes of Europe growing jealous of it as the most formidable then in being joyned willingly with the Popes to suppress it The defence of the Holy See and the Authority of the Church admitting a specious pretence to side with them This reflection is not useless Now to return to our Narrative Henry V. sunk under all this weight as his Father had done before In the beginning his Presence made things prosper in Italy but when after various success he was driven thence his burden was left to the mercy of Calistus who confined him to a perpetual imprisonment Then he himself tir'd with the daily Admonitions and Remonstrances from all parts and not able to wade through the many Conspiracies and Rebellions which hourly threatned to or'ewhelm him yielded the Cause at last He utterly renounced the Investitures and promised to leave the liberty of Elections to the Ecclesiasticks This was in Anno 1122. The scandal and persecutions which these Schismes caused in Christendom gave occasion in my opinion for that false prediction which was spread abroad in those days That the world was near its end and the Kingdom of Antichrist was then begun St. Norbert and some other persons of an irreâ—ragable Sanctity preach'd it as a most certain Truth which was but little doubted and begot so much terror that Pope Paschal who fled into France to avoid persecution staid some time in his journey at Florence to see what the event of this dreadful report would come to Soon after the agreement Henry V. being dead without Children the Empire was given to Lotbarius Duke of Saxony and after him to Conrade Those two Princes left the Popes in quiet and made no breach of Peace with them So that there was no more fear of Schisme on that side The Church having rested in tranquillity for eight years began to be disturb'd again by another most dangerous division for after the death of Honorius II. which hapned in the year 1134. two contrary Factions or Interests in the Sacred Colledge elected each a Pope on the same day One the Cardinal Gregory who took the name of Innocent the II. The other the Cardinal Peter Leonis who called himself Anaclet This last had been a Monk at Clugny a scurvy commendation for him to the Order of the Cisteaux which was then become the most predominant in France His Right if examined in due form appeared the best but his ambitious and haughty proceeding spoil'd his Title the great Gifts ☞ he made of things belonging to the Church to make himself Master of Rome gave just cause to believe there was somewhat of Simonie in his promotion and that he deserved not the Popedom since he bought it Many good people were of opinion so says John of Salisbury that in the like contests they ought to have owned neither of those concurrents but have elected a Pope anew who had not privately made any interest for the Popedom which is of such a nature as well as all other Benefices that whoever bribes for it renders himself unworthy of it And indeed King Lewis VII wavered for some time betwixt both parties and assembled the Council of Estampes to resolve him which of the two was the Legitimate The perswasions of Henry II. King of England had already a little inclined him towards Innocent the Council of Estampes fully determin'd it that Council having been satisfied by the discourses of St. Bernard who with much zeal and vehemence set forth the Right and Merits of that Pope After so solemn a decision most of the Princes in Europe declared for him there was only Roger Duke of Apulia and William Duke of Aquitain that supported Anaclet The First that he might have a Pope convenient for him and more easie to be managed then his predecessors the Second having been perswaded by Gerard Bishop of Angoulesme that his Election was Canonical It was thrown in Gerards Teeth that at first he had been of the contrary party but his spleen because he was not continued in his Legation of Aquitain by Innocent drove him to side with Anaclet who indeed confirmed it to him It was one of the handsomest and indeed most profitable employments the Court of Rome could bestow for besides the three Aquitains both Touraine and Bretagne were comprehended in it I divide Bretagne from Touraine because the former had its Arch-Bishop apart this was the Bishop of Dole who since the insurrection of Neomene took upon him to be the Metropolitan The often reiterated complaints of the Metropolitan of Tours and the sollicitations of the Kings of France in the Court of Rome could not obtain a Judgment in this matter for a long while but Philip Augustus tyr'd with their long delays prosecuted it with so much resolution and talked so high that Innocent III. determin'd it by a definitive Sentence in An. 1198. which restored Dol and the other Bishopricks of Bretagne to the Metropolis of Tours We find in the Life of St. Bernard how he withdrew Duke William from espousing the party of Anaclet so that there was none for him but Roger Duke of Apulia on whom Anaclet conferr'd the Title of King of Sicilia upon condition to pay an acknowledgment of Six hundred Crowns yearly to the See of Rome The Kingdom of Sicilia comprehended the
John of Salisbury who governed the Church of Chartres the first in the beginning of this Century and the last towards the end Godfrey d'Amiens of whom we shall speak hereafter Peter of Poitiers who courageously opposed William VIII Duke of Aquitain who would force him to absolve him of the Excommunication wherewith he was fetter'd Gilbert Poree who held the same See as Peter but Twenty five years after Arnoulf Bishop of Lisieux Robert de Beauvais he was the Son of Hugh Duke of Burgundy John surnamed de la Grille who transferr'd the Bishoprick of Quidalet to that place now called St. Malo's Simon de Noyon and Guerin de Senlis In the time of Simon whilst he was at Jerusalem with King Louis VII in the year 1146. the Church of Tournay was cut off from that of Noyon to which it had been joyned in the days of St. Medard and had for their first Bishop Anselme who was Abbot of St. Viucent of Laon Guerin de Senlis was very great in the Reign of Philp II. and of Louis VIII Keeper of the Seals under the first Chancellor under the second I shall conclude with four Bishops of Paris whose Memory ought to be dear to that great City and the whole Gallican Church Stephen de Garlande Peter Lombard Maurice and Odon These two last bare the name of Sully Maurice because he was a Native of that place but of very poor Parents Odon because he was of that illustrious House Issue of the Earls of Champagne Stephen had been Chancellor of France under Louis VI. Peter Lombard was called the Master of Sentences from that Book so well known through all Christendom and which was the Foundation of all School-Divinity Maurice had a noble Soul liberal and magnanimous He founded the Abbies de Herivaux and de Hemieres as likewise two Monasteries for Virgins Gif and Hieres and laid the Foundation of the Church Nostre-Dame one of the greatest Buildings to be seen in France Odon his Successor finisht it and founded a Monastery for Women of the Order de Cisteaux at Port Royal being assisted in that Pious Work by the Liberality of Matilda Daughter of William de Garland He laboured also to root out an ancient but ridiculous Custom which had been suffer'd in the Church of Paris and in divers others of the Kingdom It was the Holy-day or Feast of Fools in some places they called it the Festival of Innocents It was observ'd at Paris principally upon the day of the Circumcision the Priests and Clerks went in Masquerade to Church where they committed a thousand Insolencies and from thence rode about the Streets in Chariots mounted upon Theaters or Stages singing the most filthy Songs and acting all the tricks and postures the most impudent Buffoons are wont to shew to divert the Rascally and Sottish Populace Odo or Odon endeavour'd to put down this detestable Mummery having to that effect obtain'd an order of the Popes Legat who made his Visitation there but we may well believe that his desire had not its full accomplishment that Custom lasting Two hundred and fifty years afterwards for we find that in the year 1444. the Masters of the Faculties of Divinity at the request of some Bishops wrote a Letter to all the Prelats and Chapters to damn and utterly abolish it and the Council of Sens which was held in Anno 1460. does yet speak of it as an Abuse which ought to be Retrencht The Bishops labour'd assiduously to edifie and instruct the Faithful by their Works and Doctrine most part of them have left their Writings whereof many have been published the rest as yet lie hid in several Libraries And truly as this Age was not ingrateful to Persons of Merit the liberty of Elections giving them opportunities to reward them there were more Men of worth and parts to be found then had been heard of in a long time who improved the Sciences with good success and drew an incredible number of Students to learn Philosophy and Divinity at Paris Human Learning or Les belles Lettres made some Attempts and Essays to raise it self which were not altogether in vain It appears in the Writings of Hildebert of John of Salisbury and Stephen de Tournay Peter Comester or the Eater Dean of the Church of Troyes and afterwards a Monk of St. Victors compiled the Ecclesiastical History and he was called the Master of it and Elinand Native of Beauvais a Monk of Froidmont wrote the Universal History to the year 1212. in Forty eight Books We have three Latin Poets or Versisicators who are not to be despised Galternus William le Breton and Leonius The first made a Poem of Alexanders famous Exploits which he Intitled Alexandreides Le Broton in imitation composed the Philippides containing the History of Philip Augustus and Leonius made himself known by several Copies which though not very long are gentile and full of Wit He was Canon of St. Victor I shall not set down all those whom in this Age the Church put into her number of Saints but only the two Bernards the one being the first Abbot de Tiron of St. Bennet's Order and the other Abbot of Clervaux whose Wit and clear Judgment his Zeal and Piety his Conduct and Capacity in business of the greatest weight made him appear with more luster then any other in his time Three Institutors of new Religious Orders Robert Abbot de Molesme that of the Cisteaux Stephen that of Grandmont and Norbert that de Premonstre Five Bishops Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury whom I place amongst the French though he were a Native of the Valley d'Aost because he Studied in France and was Abbot du Bec Peter Abbot de la Celle then Bishop of Troyes another Peter Bishop of Poictiers Aldebert de Brabant Bishop of Liege and Godfrey Bishop of Amiens They relate an action of this last which our times would sooner wonder at then imitate It was the Mode then for such as would be Gallants to wear long Hair curled and tressed this courageous Prelat one time refuses to admit any to the holy Table who came tricked up in that fashion and that refusal put them to such shame and confusion that they all cut it off themselves chusing rather to lose that vain Ornament of their Heads then the Comfort of eating the holy Bread of Angels When he found them so well disposed he admitted those as Men and Christians whom he before had turned away as dissolute Women or Men wholly effeminated About the year 1180. the People Reverenced a certain Maiden as a Saint whose name was Elpide or Alpaida dwelling in the Village du Cudot in the Diocess of Sens who for Ten years together would swallow nothing but the Sacred Host and though a simple Country Girl had great light and knowledge of things Natural and Divine This debility hapned after a severe fit of Sickness which had turned all her Body into a corrupt and stinking purulent Matter extreamly infected I
Archipelago and reduced Constantinople Year of our Lord 1262 to such streight that Manuel was upon the point to abandon it But the Genoese in hatred to the Venetians made a League with him and relieved him notwithstanding the intreaties of all the Christian Princes and the Popes Excommunications The Emperour Baldwin yet held for some time after the Island of Eubaea or Negropont The bastard Mainfroy not content to have usurp'd the Kingdom of Sicily without consent of the Holy See domineer'd over the Pope and the Countreys belonging to the Church most strangely Insomuch that Alexander IV. had offer'd that Kingdom to the King of Englands Son Edmund who had accepted it and to this end his Father had laid so many Imposts and Taxes upon the People that most of them made a League against him and were revolted Vrban IV. Successor to Alexander having caused the Crusado against Mainfroy to be Preached stirred up some French Lords to go into Italy who at the very first forced the passages of Lombardy and beat the Saracen Soldiers whom Mainfroy entertained in his Service but soon after their Pay falling short they came back into Year of our Lord 1262 France leaving the Pope more in the Briers then ever Year of our Lord 1262 The better to fortifie himself against his implacable wrath Mainfroy contracted Alliance with James III. King of Arragon giving his Daughter in Marriage to Peter his eldest Son who disdained not the Match because it gave him approaching hopes of having the Kingdom of Sicily Mainfroy having no Male-Children In effect it is by this means the Kings of Arragon have attained it and they must needs own they hold their Right from a Bastard an Usurper and Excommunicated person Year of our Lord 1263 The pious King Lewis did not understand this false policy which has quite other Maximes then are practised taught or allowed by Christianity and natural Justice And for this reason it was that he endeavour'd with all his power to decide the quarrels between his neighbours and not to foment them with this spirit of Charity he labour'd so happily to compose the business between the Barons of England of whom Simon Montford Earl of Leicester was Head with their King that they submitted to what he should ordain He calls his Parliament for this purpose at Amiens and pronounced the Sentence in presence of King Henry However the Barons found some difficulties and exceptions and would not abide by it Insomuch that the troubles continuing the Pope sent to revoke the gift of the Kingdom of Sicily which he had made to Edmund the King of Englands Brother since he could not pursue it and invested Charles Earl of Anjou Brother of St. Lewis His Wives vanity which made her greedily long to have the Title of Queen as well as her other Sisters inclined and perswaded him to accept of it Year of our Lord 1264 It hapned this year 1264. in a Village near Orviete that the Sacred Host cast forth Blood upon the Corporal or fine Linnen wherein the Sacrament is put to convince the incredulity of the Priest that celebrated the Mass Pope Vrban satisfied of the truth of this Miracle instituted the Feast and Procession of the Holy Sacrament to be solemnized the Thursay after the Octave of Whitsunday St. Thomas Aquinas who was then Professor in Theology at Orvieta composed the Office for it Vrban IV. being dead at Perusia the third of October the Cardinals after a vacancy of Four Months elected the Cardinal Guy the Gross a native of the Province of Languedoc who had been Married before he entred into Holy Orders He took the name of Clement IV. amongst his Virtues he is admir'd for his rare Modesty though very little imitated by his Successors He made a protestation at his first coming to the See that he would advance none of his kindred and so exactly did he keep his word that of three Prebendaries which his Brother had in possession he obliged him to quit two and far from Marrying his Daughters to great Lords ✚ as he might well have done he gave them such small portions that they chose rather to make themselves Nuns Towards the end of the Month of July about the beginning of the night a Comet was observed towards the West and some while after a little before break of day it appeared in the East pointing its tail Westward It was visible till the end of September lasting two Months and a half Year of our Lord 1405 Clement IV. upon his advancement to the Holy See ratified the Election his predecessor had made of Charles of France for the Kingdom of Sicily obtained of St. Lewis a Tenth of all the Clergy of his Kingdom for him and lent him all the Money he could scrape together having for that purpose engaged the Revenue of the Churches in Rome Year of our Lord 1265 Charles with this assistance with the Kings help and his Wives great care who sold all her Jewels to raise Soldiers which she cull'd and chose for the bravest got a good Army on foot to go into Italy by Land and in the mean time put to Sea with Thirty great Vessels and sailed to the Port of Ostia He was received at Rome with great Honour by the People declared Senator of that City which was as it were Governour and Sovereign Judge And the year following upon the 28th of June Crowned King of Sicily by the Pope in St. Peters Church upon condition to pay the Pope Eight thousand ounces of Gold and a white Palfrey every year never to be elected Emperour nor to unite that Kingdom to ☞ the Empire For the Popes would have no power left in Italy that was not lesser then their own Year of our Lord 1266 His Land-Army arrived not till about the years end which he compleated in Rome The following he marched to Naples the Guelphes flocking from all parts to List themselves under his Banner The Earl de Caserta quitted the passage du Gariglian most basely to him he afterwards gained the Post of St. Germain guarded by Six thousand Men and in fine the Twenty sixth day of February in the Campagne of Benevent he gained an entire but bloody victory against Mainfroys Army who was slain upon the place All submitted to the Conquerour both beyond and on this side the Fare except the City of Nocera where Frederic II. had placed a strong Garrison of Saracens which yet held out a long time It then appeared that Charles knew not how to Govern his good fortune with Humanity for he let Mainfroy's Wife and Children dye in prison with many Lords of that party and his Army committed horrid cruelties upon the taking of the City of Beneventum Year of our Lord 1267 Nevertheless as he shewed himself very obedient to the Popes Orders he declared him Vicar of the Empire in Italy with the Title of Keeper of the Peace and in this quality he by one of his Lieutenants subdued all the
had been erected by Pope Nicholas IV. and by the Kings Letters Patents in the year 1289. The others of this Kingdom which are now Ten in number Anger 's Poitiers Bourges Bourdeaux Cahors Valence Caen Reims Nantes and Aix were instituted in the following ages and at several times Now the University of Paris which excepting that of Toulouze was as yet the only singular one in France drew thither or bred there all that were then Men of Parts and Learning Albert the Great Thomas Aquinas Vincent de Beauvais all three of the Order of the Preaching Friers John Gilles or Joannes Aegidius who was also of the same Order Rigord of the Order of St. Bennet and Chaplain to Philp Augustus and Richard of Oxford all three Philosophers and Physitians James de Vitry Cardinal John de Sacrobosco who excelled in the Mathematiques Roger Bacon an English man by birth and of the Order of St. Francis a very subtil Genius and thoroughly versed and accomplished in all manner of Learning particularly in Chymistry in whose Works is to be found the secret for making Gun-powder Michael Scot who to acquire the knowledge of these Arts more perfectly and that of Astronomy and the Mathematicks Learned the Oriental Languages Alexander de Halez Bonaventure his Disciple and a long time after him John Duns Scotus all three of the Order of the Friers Minors and great Scholastiques Scotus lived Ten years in the following age they called him the Subtil Doctor and he was so indeed He was excited to some Opinons opposite to those of St. Thomas as their two Orders were which produced in the Schools those two Sects the Thomists and the Scotists They also reckon amongst the Learned Guy le Gross and Gilles de Rome famous Lawyers the first had been Married and yet became Pope the other was an Augustine Monk then Arch-Bishop of Bourges he lived many years in the age following and wrote Anno 1302. in favour of Philip the Fair against Boniface demonstrating that the Popes Authority does not extend to Temporals Robert de Sorbonne a native of the Village of that Name near Sens William de St. Amour and Christian de Beauvais born in those places and rough adversaries of the Friers Preachers and Minors William III. and Stephen II. Bishops of Paris Henry de Grand a famous Doctor in Divinity Hugh the Cardinal William Arch-Bishop of Tyre and Chancellour to St. Lewis Many of these Learned persons joyned a Holiness of Life to their exquisite knowledge The Church implores the Suffrages of Albert the Great of Thomas Aquinas and of Bonaventure as likewise of Peter de Chasteau neuf of the Order de Cisteaux and Legate from the Pope Martyr'd by the Albigensis in the year 1208. Of Bertrand Bishop of Cominges who rebuilt that City to which the name of its Restorer hath been given Of William de Nevers who daily fed Two thousand Poor Of Stephen de Die in Dauphiné taken out of the Order of the Chartreux Of Gefroy de Meaux who renounced his Bishoprick and retired himself into the Monastery of St. Victor in Paris which then was as it is now at this day most flourishing in Doctrine and Piety Of William de Valence under whom the Bishopricks of Valence and Die were united in the year 1275. and of Robert de Puy This Man very Noble for his Birth and much more so for his Virtue being slain by a Gentleman whom he had Excommunicated for his Crimes the People in revenge razed all the Houses belonging to the Murtherer and the King banished both him and all his Race out of the Kingdom We ought to add to this immortal company Eleazar de Sabran a Gentleman of Provence Earl of Ariâ—n whose perpetual celibacy in Marriage made him the compagnon of Angels and his charitable liberalities the Father to the Poor Yves Priest Curate and Official of the Diocess of Treguier in Bretagnc a good Lawyer and who by a more noble interest then that of Money was ever the Advocate of the Indigent and the Orphan The Men of that Calling own him for their Patron but imitate him seldom He died in the year 1303. Amongst those that wear the Crown of Glory in Heaven the great King Saint Lewis who wore the Royal Crown here below and his Nephew of the same name the Son of Charles II. King of Sicilia are of the highest rank This last buried the Grandeurs of this World in the Sack-cloath of his pennance turning Monk of the Order of St. Francis from whence he was drawn out againsth is Will to be made Bishop of Toulouze He died in the year 1298. Lewis X. called Hutin King XLVI Aged XXV or XXVI years Vacancy which began at the end of the Reign of Philip the Fair and lasted in all Two years Three Months and a halfe AS soon as Philip was dead his eldest Son Lewis succeeded him but he could not get to be Crowned at Reims till the Third day of August in the following year as well because he waited for his new Spouse Clemence Daughter of Charles Martel King of Hungary as because all the Kingdom was in combustion for the vexation of Imposts and the alteration of Moneys Year of our Lord 1314. and 15. Though he were in his majority and had been employ'd in Affairs for divers years nevertheless Charles de Valois his Uncle put himself in possession of the Authority displaced many Officers to advance his own Creatures and there being no Money to be found for the expences of the Coronation he upon that score took occasion to inquire into and examine the Officers of the Treasury especially Enguerrand de Marigny with whom he before had some rude bustlings Enguerrand sent for before the King to give an account of the Treasury had the impudence to tell him who was his Masters Uncle that he had had the greatest part and even to return him the Lie That Princes Sword had punished him at the same time if Heaven had not reserved him for a more infamous chastisement He was therefore seized upon some weeks after as he was coming to the Council this was on the Tenth of March put in prison in the Tower of the Louvre and from thence transferr'd into that of the Temple The prosecution being slow it was discover'd that his Wife abused by some Enchanters sought to bewitch or charm the King and make him languish to death by means of some waxen Images Those rascals being taken the King gives him up to the Law There were four chief Heads of accusation against him his having alter'd the Coins loaden the people with Taxes stollen several great sums and degraded the Kings Forrests His Process was made in the Bois de Vincennes by the Lords Pairs and Barons of the Kingdom who condemned him to the Gallows the Saturday before the Festival of the Ascension The Saturday following he was transferr'd from the Temple to the Chastelet and from thence they carried him to Montfaucon Where
drift being to keep them from agreeing all together upon one method or expedient Year of our Lord 1396 The Gallican Church did not allow of Confessors to such as were condemned to suffer death by the Law in this particular she followed the usage of the antient Canons which did not admit to the Communion those that were branded with enormous crimes The Monk of St. Denis observes in this year that Charles the VI. was the first that granted them this favour and says the honour of obtaining it was attributed to Peter de Craon because he set up a Cross of Stone nigh Montfaucon where those poor wretches use to make a stop to be confessed In those times they did not hang any criminal within their Cities they would have been thought too much polluted ✚ by that infamous execution but they cut off their Heads In many places they led the condemned persons on foot to the Gallows and that before break of day Year of our Lord 1396 The Seigneury of Genoa rather then submit to the command of John Galeazo Viscount of Milan put themselves under obedience of the King and transferr'd all the right of propriety they had to him The Kings Commissioners left the Government to the Doge or Duke after he had first resigned his Power and Dignity into their hands but in a little time they gave that Command to Boucicaut The Factions in that Seigneury had very near destroyed and brought it to nought The City was filled only with Robbers and Murtherers the Noblest were banished thence Merchants durst not open their Bank those most in power made War upon each other from street to street and had raised Towers at each corner of their Palaces to defend themselves The Mareschal desiring to settle some Order and his own Authority amongst them commanded they should bring all their Arms into his Palace forbad all Assemblies cut off the Head of Boccanegra and a dozen or fifteen more of the most Factious made strict inquiry after such as had committed notorious crimes raised and entertained several Companies that kept Guards in all the Markets and publique places and built two Castles which had communication with each other the one named the Darse at the mouth of the Port the other in the City called the Chastelet Year of our Lord 1396 The Twenty seventh of October was appointed for the stately and magnificent enterview of the two Kings upon the confines of their Territories between Ardres and Calais where they confirmed the Truce The King of England espoused the Daughter of France and rendred up Brest to the Duke of Bretagne and Cherbourgh to the King of Navarre who three years afterwards sold it to the King France having granted succors to the King of Hungary against Bajazeth the Duke of Burgundy gave them John Earl of Nevers his Son to be their Leader He had in his Army Two thousand Gentlemen of quality besides the Earl of Eu Constable Admiral John de Nienne John le Maingre-Boucicaut Mareschal of France Henry and Philip Sons of the Duke of Bar Guy de la Trimouille his Fathers Favourite and other Lords Year of our Lord 1396 At first they performed such valiant acts as are almost incredible but their follies and dissolute lives did after render them ridiculous to the very Turks Besides their presumption swoln by success engaged them with the Hungarians in the Siege of Nicopolis and then in a Battle the Twenty eighth of September where the Hungarians not caring to second them as they ought they were all cut off or taken prisoners Bajazeth caused above Six hundred to be hewed in pieces in presence of the Earl of Nevers and having made him dye almost as often with his threats and terrors he reserved him with Fifteen more of the great Lords for whose Ransom he obliged himself to pay Two hundred thousand Ducats That sum being made good to them five Months afterwards they were all set at liberty The Earl of Nevers arrived in France about the end of March following It is said that Bajazeth was so far from taking any Oath that he should never make War again upon the Turks that he exhorted him to take his revenge and promised he should ever find him in the Field ready to give him any satisfaction Year of our Lord 1397 The King was seized with the Fourth Fit of his Malady more severely then all the former had been He recover'd it again but was ever after troubled with it at least three or four times each year The Earl of Eu dying in his imprisonment amongst the Turks the Earl de Sancerre who was a Marescal of France was honoured with the Office of Constable Year of our Lord 1397 We must observe the better to understand what we shall relate hereafter that this year King Richard for some conspiracy whether real or pretended put his Uncle the Duke of Gloucester to death as also the Earl of Arundel and divers other Lords and banished the Earl of Derby Son to the Duke of Lancaster who sheltred himself in France and began to Reign very tyrannically The Emperour Wenceslaus King of Bohemia took a fancy for what reason I know not to visit the Court of France the King went to meet him as far as the City of Rheims this was in the Month of March and received him with as much magnificence as affection That Prince shewed his brutality the very second day the King had invited him to Dinner and when the Dukes of Berry and Bourbon went to fetch him from his own Lodgings they found he was already drunk and taking his Nap to refresh himself and digest his load of Wine Next day the King Treated him the Entertainment and Mirth had lasted longer if the King had not found a Fit coming upon him which brought him back to Paris He left the Duke of Orleance with him to keep him company and confer with him about the means of putting an end to the Schism Year of our Lord 1398 The Kings Council being weary of Bennets playing fast and loose and daily disappointments did decree according as they were advised by a great Assembly of Bishops Abbots and Deputies of the Universities that the whole Kingdom should be subtracted from his Obedience till he would condescend to the Session propounded and that in the mean while the Gallican Church conformable to her antient liberty should be governed by her Ordinaries according to the Holy Canons Bennets Cardinals approved of this substraction and forsook him retiring themselves to the new Town of Avignon but he stood it out and having gotten some Arragonian Soldiers to serve him for a Guard shut himself in the Palace of Avignon The Mareschal Boucicaut had order from the King to besiege him there he acquitted himself faithfully and pent him up so close that in a few days he would have been reduced to want of Provisions when order came to him from Court to change the Siege into a Blockade and suffer refreshments
come to his majority Year of our Lord 1422 The one and twentieth of October following King Charles VI. the weakness of whose Brain stupified with so many relapses made him a prey to every one that could but come to deal with him ended his Life and his unhappy Reign in his Hostel of St. Pol at Paris attended only by his first Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber his Confessor and his Almoner His Funeral was at St. Denis no Prince of the Blood went to it not even the Duke of Burgundy who was ashamed to give place to the Duke of Bedford This last as soon as the Ceremony was over caused young Henry his Nephew to be proclaimed King of France Charles VI. Reigned two and forty years and five and thirty days and lived fifty two He had by Isabella of Bavaria six Sons the three first of them died in their infancy the other three Lewis John and Charles appeared on the Theater and the last survived him and Reigned He had the same number of Daughters Isabella Jane Mary a second Jane Michel and Catharine The first was Married to Richard II. King of England then to Charles Duke of Orleans the second died in her Cradle the third devoted her self to God in the Convent at Poissy the fourth Married John VI. Duke of Bretagne the fifth Philip who was Duke of Burgundy and the last Henry V. King of England Before him the Kings of France were wont at all Ceremonies to appear with all their Regal Ornaments and wear some marks about them every day as their Robes lined with Ermines and a Crown upon their Hoods or their Hats In the Army a Coat of Armour Sem'd with Flower-de-Luces and a Hoop with Flowers pretty high upon their Helmets This King neglected all these Ornaments and did not distinguish himself at all from other People so that he seemed to have degraded himself of all Royalty That Quarrel which Pope Boniface had with King Philip the Fair was the Rock whereon the Papal Power both Spiritual and Temporal was split and shipwrack'd which till then had Master'd had Lorded it over the Emperors and other Western Princes The translation of the Holy See to Avignon brought them lower yet by removing them out of their natural place and laying open their defects which exposed the Court of Rome to the great contempt and scorn of all that did but make the least observation on their ill Conduct But to say the truth France that thought to aggrandise it self by this Spiritual Power of the Popes Court gained nothing but their Vices with the plague of Litigious Disputes and the Maletost or extraordinary Taxes But if the multitude of Cardinals were an advantage to the State France might have vaunted that she alone had as great a number as all the other parts of Christendom besides We have seen how Clement V. promoted to the Papacy by a method not strictly Canonical extinguished the Order of the Templers who were found to be all guilty in France but innocent in divers other Countries John XXII was the first who made it a fixt and permanent right to reserve the Fruits of vacant Benefices for the Holy See He bestowed the same Honour on the Bishoprick of Toulouze but thinking it too rich and of too great extent he divided it into five whereof Toulouze is one Montauban Lavaur Rieux and Lombers are the other four which he would have to be its Suffragants as also Mirepoix and Lavaur created new by him Moreover he restored the Bishoprick of Pamiez to that of Toulouze which had been taken away and brought under Narbonne by Boniface VIII when he erected it To recompence Narbonne in some manner he made two more in the same Territory these were Alet whose See was first at Limoux and St. Pont de Tomieres He likewise made four for that of Bourges Castres of a portion of that of Alby St. Flour of part of Clermont Vabres of part of Rodez and Tulles of part of Limoges He likewise erected four for the Archbishoprick of Bourdeaux which had been dismembred Condon from the Territory of Agen Sarlat from that of Perigueux Maillezais and Lucon from that of Poitiers Most of these sixteen Churches were Abbies changed into Bishopricks and their Abbots converted to Bishops The Popes return to Rome was attended with a Schism of forty years which troubled all Christendom but afflicted France particularly overthrew the Discipline of Elections and of Collations filled all the Churches with Mercinary Pastors nay hungry Wolves and absorded all her Revenues not only by ordinary Taxes upon each of them by Annats and Rights of Provision but by extraordinary Taxes and Tenths The Princes first the Duke of Anjou then the Duke of Berry and after him the Duke of Orleans favoured the cupidity of the Popes of Avignon that they might share in the prey the Cardinals gorged themselves the Prelats either for want of courage or in hopes of getting into fatter Benefices gave their consent the lesser ones were so much under the pawes of the Wolf they durst not so much as open their mouths The University of Paris alone opposed these disorders and notwithstanding the Princes menaces the corruptions of the Court of Avignon the tricks and artifices of the Popes that were Competitors they saved the Temporals of the Gallican Church and restored the Universal Churches Peace by extinguishing the Schism And truly this great work is in the first place due to their zeal and labour and in the second place to the care and perseverance of the Emperor Sigismund who called and maintained the Council of Constance and who made divers Voyages into Italy France and Arragon to establish Unity and Peace There was not in all the Kingdom so powerful a Body as the University as well for the multitude of her Scholers which sometimes exceeded the number of thirty thousand as because she was the Nursing Mother of all the Clergy of France The remonstrances she took the liberty to make to the Princes the care she had to procure the reformation of the State during the troubles and that which hapned to Savoisy are very strong proofs of it But we will add two more The one that in the year 1304. the Prevost of Paris having caused a Scholer that was a Clerk to be hanged they carried their complaints to the King and left off their Exercises till they had satisfaction He was fain to go to the Pope for his absolution The other was thus in the year 1408. William de Tignonville who was at that time in the same Office having likewise sent a couple of Scholers to the Gallows who well deserved it but were Clarks was forced together with his Lieutenant to go and unhang them to kiss their Feet and cause them to be brought with great ceremony to the Matburins where yet their Epitaph is to be seen We find by the Letters of Pope John XXII that the Oriental Languages the Greek the Arabian the
Apostles had possessed any thing either in common or in particular One Berenger who was Lecturer in their Convent undertook the affirmative and maintained it was an Article of Faith and very far from any thing of Error The difficulty was laid before the Pope at Avignon Whilst he was ordering it to be examined by all the Universities the General Chapter of the Friers Minors assembled at Perouse declared that they would hold to the Decretal of Nicholas which said it was so and as for that abdication of all propriety it was certain that Jesus Christ and his Apostles had taught it both by their Preaching and Example Which having by their Letters signifi'd through all Christendom and all their Doctors teaching the same in their Schools and in their Pulpits John XXII netled for that they had prevented his Judgment declared that the assertion in reference to our Lord Jesus Christ and his Apostles was erroneous for they might have sold changed or given away the things that were presented to them and for the Friers Minors That the Bull mentioned was not to be understood of things that consumed because the propriety of such things cannot be separate from the use of them but only of immovables For which he forbad them to make any further prosecution or proceedings in the name of the Roman Church For under that colour they troubled many People and often contended with the Prelats All this was but words and air for whether they had the property or simply the use only of the Meat and Drink bestow'd upon them they neither eat nor drank more nor less nor could the Pope have any advantage by it whether it were so or not so These Bulls nevertheless did so anger them that a great many went to the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria with their General Michael de Cesene The others that did not follow them in their Schism however stood stiff in the maintenance of their opinion saying that John XXII was an Heretick in this point Neither was he sparing to them in his Ecclesiastical Censures nor in punishing them with Faggot and Fire A great number of them were burnt in several Countries Anno 1324. and such had a cheap and easie bargain of it that had nothing but their Writings condemned to the Flames as it luckily hapned to Peter John de Serignan one of their Readers in Theology I fear I should fall into the ridicule should I set down the disputes they had about the colour the fashion and the Stuffs for their Cloaths whether they ought to be white black grey or green whether their Hoods or Capouches should be pointed or round large or streight whether their Garment was to sit loose or close to their body long or short Cloth or Serge. We shall only observe that concerning these Debates they were fain to Consult as much with his Holiness hold as many Chapters assemble Congregations publish Books and Manifesto's as if the whole weight and being of Religion and Christianity had depended upon it At the same time Philip Son of the King of Majorca and Cousin to the King of France took a fancy to have this Rule observed in its pure literal sence as not to live but by the labour of their hands and by Alms but to preserve their full liberty to own no Superior and to ramble wherever they pleased The Pope having deny'd him his Request he vented his anger against him in the same terms as the Begards and the Minors of Michel de Cesene The same Spirit of presumption possessed two Monks of the same Order John de Roquetaillade and one Haibalus if at least they were two distinct Persons who undertaking to speak against the abuses of the Court of Avignon and withall to make Prognosticks of Divine Punishments that were to fall upon the Pope and his Cardinals of the coming of Antichrist and the end of the World were detained a long time in Prison by Pope Innocent VI. These fogs thus obscuring the Order of the Friers Minors being dispell'd they soon recovered their credit But the Preaching Friers or Jacobins who had gotten the upper hand in this went and entangled themselves in the Controversy concerning the Immaculate Conception It befell them what we have observed elsewhere in speaking of John de Monteson To which I shall add that they moreover lost the honour and priviledge they had enjoy'd so long while of providing the King with a Confessor of their own Order and the Peoples hatred grew so outrageous against them that some beggerly Rascals having poysoned the Wells and Fountains these were accused as Authors thereof and hardly did they escape the fury of the Populace It would be an easie Task to fill a whole Volume with the wicked Prelats of this Age who sailed and steered by the Compass of the Court and Wind of the World who dishonoured their Profession betray'd the Body of the Church by flattery or sold her for Interest and in fine chose rather to be famous for their Crimes then for their Acts of Piety I shall observe only for the singularity of the Fact that Hugh de Geraud Bishop of Cahors whom Pope John XXII degraded of the Episcopacy for having conspired against him and deliver'd him over to the Secular Power who caused him to be Flayed drawn on a Hurdle and burnt alive The names of those other wicked Pastors deserve as little to be inserted in History as in the Holy Canon But the names of St. Roch born of a noble Family at Montpellier much called upon in a time of Plague of St. Gertrude a Nun at Delft in Holland of St. Peter of Luxemburgh made a Cardinal by Clement VII Pope in Avignon of John Peter Birelli General of the Chartreux and Roger le Fort Archbishop of Bourges of Peter d'Alenson of the Blood of France who enroll'd himself in the Order of St. Francis and was afterwards made a Cardinal much against his will are worthy of and immortal remembrance Besides the Begards the Bisoches and the Frerots who appeared in the former Age and the Flagellants of whom we are going to speak if there had been any other errors in France we might have called them the Off-spring of School-Divinity One John de Paris of the Jacobins Order to whom they had given the nick-name of Point-lasne subtilized I know not what Proposition touching the situation of the Body of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist the Bishops William of Paris Gilles of Bourges and another William of Amiens with the Doctors in Divinity having examined him forbid him to teach any more In the fourth Tome of the Biblioth of the Fathers we find that in Anno 1347. the Bishop of Paris together with the Doctors condemned certain Propositions made by one John Mercaeur of the Order des Cisteaux touching Volition and the Will of our Lord the causes of Sin and other such like which sounded but ill In the year 1348. we find that a Doctor named
a long time in this Age and retired to Lyons where he Died in Anno 1419. The Cardinal Dailly Peter de Versailles Bishop of Meaux Thomas de Courcelles Canon of Amiens a powerful and most admirable man for his Doctrine but yet more valuable for his modesty who drew divers of the Decrees of the Council of Basil William Forteon and Stephen de Bruslefer of the Order of St. Francis John Siret Prior General of the Carmelites Martin Magistri Doctor of Sorbonne and William Chartier Bishop of Paris who was maintained in the Schools by Charles VII And was a Good and Holy Man and a great Clerk Amongst the Curious in humane Learning I find Alain Chartier Brother of William out of whose mouth proceeded so many good Sayings and grave Sentences that Margaret Stuard Lewis the Dauphins Wife finding him one Day fast asleep in a Hall where she was passing thorow with her Train would needs do him the Honour to bestow a kiss upon him I find one Charles Ferdinand who being Born blind gave himself nevertheless so much to Study that he acquired a great deal of Reputation for his knowledge in Humane Learning in Philosophy and in Divinity He took on him the Habit of St. Bennet in the Abbey de la Couture at Manse There was likewise Judocus Badius Famous for many of his Commentaries John Bouteiller advocat in Parliament Author of the Somme Rurale Robert Gaguin General of the Order of the Mathurins Library-keeper to Charles VII and after sent on divers Embassies John de Rely Bishop of Anger 's who was Confessor to Charles VIII and harangued at the Estates of Tours for the three Orders Octavian de Saint Gelais of the illustrious Family of Lusignan who was Bishop of Angoulesme and began somewhat to Purge and Beautify our French Poetry I may add Peter Reuclin and Picus Mirandolus without borrowing any thing from Germany or Italy since themselves in their Writings own they had drank in that Fountain of all Arts and Sciences our University Trithemius relates that in the year 1456. there came a young Spaniard thither named Ferrand de Cordule Doctor in Divinity who astonished the whole University by his prodigious Learning for he knew all Aristotle by rote together with all the Law-Books also Hippocrates Gallen the principal Commentators on all those Authors the Greek the Latin the Hebrew the Arabian and the Caldean Languages Judicial Astrology much sought into and Studied but very little understood was in vogue and had great access in the Closets of King Charles VII and Lewis the XI Seven or Eight of their Prognosticks are to be seen concerning each of those Kings and 't is affirmed but perhaps not till after the events that they did foretel several particulars that came to pass The most Famous of them was Angelo Catto a Native of the Dutchy of Tarentum whom Lewis XI made Arch-Bishop of Vienne The Author of the Memoirs of his Life writes that going to King Lewis XI who was then hearing Mass at Tours he foretold the defeat and Death of Charles Duke of Burgundy the very day it happened at Nancy But if that had been true Philip de Comines who Dedicates his Memoirs to him would never have omitted it Printing was brought to Paris about the year 1470. by three Germans Martin Vlric and Michael very able men in that new Art In the beginning they used Characters that imitated writing Hand then Square or Roman Letters and some time after the Gothique or Lombard Letters and at last they came to the Italick and Roman Character Physick was likewise Cultivated with more success then formerly The Doctors of that Faculty knowing that an Archer of Bagnolet very much subject to the Gravel was condemned to Death for some Crime Petitioned the King that he might be put into their hands to try an experiment whether they could cut him and draw forth the Stone or Calculuos matter Their operation Succeeded very happily and the Archer survived a long time after in good and perfect Health During this whole Age France did not furnish the Church with any one Canonised Saint but there were many Illustrious Prelats The most remarkable of those that wore the Sacred Purple were Peter Dailly Grand Maistre of the Colledge of Navarre then Bishop of Cambray John de Roquetaillade Cardinal Arch-Bishop of Rouen Vice-Chancellor to the Pope and his Legat at Boulogne Renold de Chartres Arch-Bishop of Reims William d'Estouteville who was Legat in France and reformed the University Peter de Foix Arch-Bishop of Arles who had been of the Order of St. Francis Lewis d'Albret Bishop of Cahors who was named the delight of the'Sacred Colledge John Joffredy Bishop of Arras then of Alby John de Balue Bishop of Euvreux and William Briconnet Bishop of St. Malo's who all signalized themselves in the greatest affairs the six first being of noble Parentage and rare Learning Joffredi and la Balue of mean Birth that Son of a Peasant and this of a Taylor in Saintonge the former considerable however for his Erudition but la Balue only by his Intreagues and his Fourberies The Cardinal de Foix was he that founded the Famous Colledge bearing his name at Thoulouse with five and twenty Bourses to maintain Scholars We have had a very Learned Prelat from thence whose name will be sufficiently made known to all posterity without expressing it here Amongst the Bishops we may observe James and John des Vrsins Brothers and Successively Arch-Bishops of Reims Martin Gouge Son of an Inhabitant of Bourges who was Bishop of Clermont and to ennoble himself assumed the name de Charpagnes These three lived in the time of Charles VII whose affairs Martin administred and held the Seals till the time of his Death which happened in Anno 1444. Andrew Espinay Arch-Bishop of Bourdeaux had great Credit and Employments under Lewis XI Lewis d'Amboise Bishop of Alby John de Rely of Anger 's and Octavian de Saint Gelais of Angoulesme heretofore mentioned were considerable to Charles VIII The Clergy were but little vexed with Tenths during this fifteenth Age as well for the great respect which Charles VII had for the Church as because things were as yet so uncertain that the Pope who had ever raised them at discretion could no longer do it without the Kings consent nor the King without the Popes permission or allowance which neither of them did willingly grant to each other However in time they found out an expedient to share the Dole between them and strick the Ball very regularly each in his turn LEWIS XII Surnamed The JUST AND THE Father of the People King LVI Aged XXXVI Years compleat POPES ALEXANDER 5 years during this Reign PIUS III. Elected the 22th of September 1503. S. 26 Days JULIUS II. Elected the last day of October in the year 1503. S. 9 years and 4 Months LEO X. Elected the 11th of March 1513. S. 8 years and near 9 Months whereof one year and
the progress of those Opinions and to reform the Clergy whose dissolute behaviour had given rise to those Scandals The year after Lewis Berquin of Artois for Preching Luther's Errors was burnt in Paris the two and twentieth of March. This very year 1528. were forced the first Seeds Englands Schism The Cardinal Woolsey to be revenged of the Emperour who had deluded him and despised him as likewise to oblige King Francis who slattered his ambition and his avarice had perswaded his Master that his Marriage with Catherine of Arragon was not good it being against the Law of God that a Woman should marry the two Brothers for when Henry took her Year of our Lord 1528 she was then Widow of his eldest Brother Arthur that therefore the Pope must declare it null and that afterwards he might marry with Margaret the Kings Sister Widow of the Duke of Alenson In effect the Irons were put into the Fire and the Pope as things then stood betwixt him and the Emperour hearkned most willingly to it and commissioned two Cardinals Campejus and Woolsey to he judges of the matter upon the place He also sent a Bull to Campejus which dissolved the Marriage with order nevertheless not to deliver it nor to let it be seen but as a Secret But finding the Emperors Affairs succeeded better then his own and that he would make him repent it he sent to Campejus to Burn it and to wira-draw the business After which Catherine refusing to own those two Cardinals for Judges and appealing to the Holy See before whom the Ambassadors from the Emperor and the Arch-Duke Ferdinand protested likewise a Nullity of all that they could judge his Holiness removed and brought it before himself which enraged the King of England beyond expression Mean while Woolsey repented he had carried it on so far because he perceived now that Henry who so earnestly desired the Divorce had no inclination to marry Margaret of France but a Damoiselle of the Queens his Wife with whom he was Furiously in Love She was called Anne Bullen was Imbued with the opinions of Luther ☞ yet withal too gallent and one that could Sing and Dance too well to be wise or staid Henry observing therefore that he retarded the business instead of helping it forward with dispatch let him fall into disfavour and immediately every one turned their backs upon him This proud Cardinal who used ordinarily to say the King and I saw himself forsaken of all his Friends displaced from his Office of Chancellour then Banished to his Bishoprick afterwards made a Prisoner persecuted all manner of ways and reduced to the extremest misery In fine the following year as they were bringing him from York to London to answer to such Treasons as were laid to his Charge he dyed as it hath ever been desired those proud Ministers may die and fall who abuse the Authority of their Masters Year of our Lord 1529 After the ruine of the French Army in the Kingdom of Naples the Spaniards reduced all the Towns and Places at their ease In Milanois the Confederates Army commanded by the Duke of Vrbin regained Pavia which Dugast had taken but the Count de Saint Pol was surprized at Landriana by Antonio de Leva who marched out of Milan not above five Leagues from it In the midst of this danger his Lansquenets proved Turn-Coats his Italians abandoned him he was overcome and made prisoner All his Horse and his Van-guard made their escape to Pavia After this Defeat there was a kind of tacit Truce between the Princes All would have a Peace the King out of desire to get home his Children the Pope upon the consideration of his many former miseries and sufferings and the Emperor because he had obtained what he desired About the Month of June it was first concluded at Barcelona between the Pope and the Emperor very advantageous to the first because the other had a most eager desire to go and receive the Imperial Crown at Rome The principal Conditions were that the Emperor should give his Bastard Daughter to Alexander de Medicis That he should re-establish that Family in Florence with the same Power and Authority it had before they were driven from thence and that he should procure those Cities and Places to be restored which belonged to the Church On the other hand the Pope received him as Homager for the Kingdom of Naples upon the presenting him annually with a white Horse and gave him power of nomination to the four and twenty Cathedral Churches which were in controversie with this he also granted him a fourth part of the Fruits and Revenues of the Church as well in his own Lands as in those of the Arch-Duke Ferdinand to be employ'd in making a War against the Turks In the following Month of July Margaret Aunt to the Emperor and Louisa Mother of the King meeting at Cambray to Treat of a Peace between the two Crowns did conclude it likewise in presence of the Ambassadors from the Pope the King of England and the Venetians It was published the Fifth day of August The Articles were almost the same as those at Madrid excepting that the King retained the Dutchy of Burgundy to which the Emperor reserved his Rights and Actions to be pursued by fair and friendly methods and proceedings It was likewise agreed he should revoke the Sentence of Condemnation pronounced against Bourbon and that he should restore all his Goods moveable and immoveables Year of our Lord 1529 to his Heirs and as to his Ransome he should pay two Millions of Gold Crowns to the Emperor or for his Account to wit 1200000 Crowns ready Money upon the Release of his Children 400000 to the King of England as from him and for security of the remaining 400000. he should engage to him the Lands which Mary of Luxemburgh had formerly in Flanders Brabant and Haynault and which she brought to the House of Bourbon-Vendosme Moreover that he should redeem the Flower de Luce this was a Jewel of Price which Duke Philip the Good had pawned to the King of England whom he should likewise satissie in the Emperors behalf for the Sum of 500000 Crowns in Gold which he had promised to that King in case he did not Marry his Daughter As for the Venetians and Florentines the Allies of France they were comprized in this Treaty after such a manner that they were left to the discretion of the Emperor Although the King of England was discontented that it had been concluded without his knowledge nevertheless standing in need of the King for the vacating of his Marriage he forgave him the 500000 Crowns and gratified his Son Henry whose God-Father he was with the redemption of the Flower de Luce. In return the King so order'd it that the Doctors of his Universities and those of Italy held favourable Consultations touching the Divorce Whilst the Treaty was on Foot the Emperor leaving Spain Landed at Genoa the 12 th of August
Transactions between them from the time of Lewis XII he accused him of having ever broke the Peace failed in his word disturbed Italy and Germany and unjustly dispossest the Duke of Savoy He concluded by saying That of three things the King must chuse one Either to take the Dutchy of Milan for his third Son upon certain conditions whereof one was that he should restore the Duke of Savoy to his Lands or to accept of a Single combat between them Personally with what ever Weapons he pleased upon some Bridge in an Island or a Boat upon condition that the Victor should employ his Forces according to the appointment of his Holiness to reduce the Heretiques and oppose the Infidels Or to resolve upon a War that should be so Bloody as to ruin one of the two The King slighted these proud boasts but replied to the Accusations by an Apologetique Letter which he addressed to the Pope and Cardinals and which in very modest terms but very Pithy and Energetical cleerly satisfied every point the Emperor had touched upon and retorted all the blame upon himself In the interim divers overtures were made between the Pope the Emperor and the Ambassadors to prevent these two Princes from coming to an absolute rupture The Admiral de Brion had conquer'd all Piedmont to the Douere and found himself in a posture and condition to have conquer'd all the rest for they were terrified and Antonio de Leva who had taken the field and joyned the Duke at Vercel had not as yet got all his Forces ready Notwithstanding the King upon what Vely wrote to him that the Emperor this was before his Harangue had given him notice by Gravelle he would give up Milan to his second Son sent the Cardinal of Lorraine into Italy to conclude that business which he presumed was in much forwardness The Cardinal left order in the name of the King that Brion should not pass the Douere and also promised Antonio de Leva that he should not pass the Sesia and though he was informed by Veley whom he met at Sienna whither he followed the Emperor of what had fallen out since at Rome he forbore not being a confident man and one that thought nothing difficult to speak again of it to the Emperor and to put him in mind of his former promise The Emperor owned that he had given his word for it but that the King having continued to prosecute his War against the Duke of Savoy he was no longer obliged to perform it After this reply the Cardinal sent the King word he ought to provide well for his own defence Nevertheless the Pope who ardently desired to reconcile the two Kings would not give over but represented to each of them the Strength of the other much greater then indeed they were thereby to incline them to a Peace Wherefore the King not willing to begin the Rupture commanded Brion to undertake nothing but withdraw his Forces into Daufiné after he had well provided and Garrisoned the Places unless Antonio de Leva did pass over the Sesia On the contrary the Emperor not only prepared himself for War but likewise endeavoured to stir up all the World against Francis He dispatched an Year of our Lord 1536 Envoy into England to desire the Amity of King Henry and protest that all his resentment was buried in Queen Catherines Grave who died this year in the Month of January And although Henry had answered but very coldly he notwithstanding promised himself and grounded his hopes upon the inconstancy of his humour that if he once saw France invaded he would not forbear attempting somewhat upon the score of his ancient pretensions He had likewise made use of all sorts of Calumnies and false reports concerning the Germans to render the King very Odious He made them believe they were mortally hated in France that they were persecuted that they burnt them alive and that the King not only endeavoured to kindle Discords amongst them that so whilst they were grappling and pulling one another by the Ears Solyman his faithful allie might Invade the Empire of Germany But that he likewise maintained Rascals hired on purpose to set Fire on their Borroughs and Towns In effect this year there were a sort of People not known by whom nor for what they were set on who burnt several as well in France as Germany and especially the City of Troyes William du Bellay-Langey a man of Quality and a good Souldier but whose Eloquence did much greater service then his Valour composed an excellent Treatise in Latin and High-Dutch which was scattered over all those Countries and as well by that means as by the testimony of Dutch Merchants who affirmed they had been kindly used in France he disabused them but not without much ado After the Emperor at the head of two great Armies had made Solyman first retire and then forced Barbarossa to fly he breathed nothing but War His Flatterers who corrupt the minds of the wisest Princes by their excessive praise promised him no less then the Empire of all Europe the Poets and Panegyrists assured him of it and the Diviners and Astrologers no less confident or impudent in their Lying Prognosticks had so boldly foretold it should certainly come to pass that it had made Impression in feeble minds and Credulous Spirits Amongst whom the Marquess de Salusses was one who thinking to prevent destiny that the Emperor might seem to be obliged to him for doing that Voluntarily which he fancied necessity must at last bring him to went over secretly into his service But being as Treacherous as Shallow-brain'd he remained yet a while amongst the French to ruin their Affairs Some have said that the hopes they gave him that the Emperor would adjudge the Marquissat of Montferrat to be his which was Litispendente between him the Duke of Savoy and the Duke of Mantoua tempted him to that Infamous baseness The Duke of Savoy expected that the Emperor would employ his Forces to restore him and he already began to think his Affairs seemed to mend For John de Medequin Marquess de Merignan and Antonio de Leva besieged Turin and the King had sent to his Generals to abandon all their Conquests in those Countries excepting Turin Fossan and Cony It was ordered in a Council of War that Fossan should be Fortified The Marquess de Salusses who had the charge of it far from hastning the work retarded it all he could He diverted the Pioneers Provisions Powder and Ball Then when he perceived his Treason began to be discover'd he retired to his Castle of Ravel fathering his retreat upon the disobedience of the French Officers From thence he gave Intelligence of the poor condition of the place to Antonio de Leva who leaving Ten Thousand Foot and some Horse before Turin under the Command of James de Scaleng came and laid Siege to it and yet the purchase came not so cheap as he imagin'd for after he had
Nephews which is to create quarrels with every one that hath but any Lands that lie conveniently for them that they may dispossess them and get into their Seats they attaqu'd the one and the other It then hap'ned that the Count de Sancta-Fiore Chief of the House of the Sforza's seeing Sienna was surrendred and the power of the French much enfeebled on that side the Hills drew two of his Brothers out of the French Service Charles one of the two by a notorious piece of Treachery had caused three of the Kings Galleys to be brought to Civita-Vecchia and his Brother Alexander pretending he had bought them of him seized them and convey'd them to Naples having gotten them out from thence by the invention of the Cardinal Sforza his Brother who surprized a Letter from the Count de Montorio to the Governour of the City containing an order that they should suffer them to go forth His Holiness thought himself extremely offended at this Violence committed in one of his own Ports and at the same time the Cardinal Caraffa shew'd him undeniable Evidence whether such as he had really discovered or whether he had contrived them himself to engage them to a quarrel of a horrible Conspiracy framed by the Spaniards against his Holiness which much encreased the old Gentlemans choller The Cardinal Caraffa having buzzed this in his Brain caused Camilla Colonna to be put in Prison accused for having tamper'd in this damnable Design open'd the Pacquets of the Duke d'Alva where he attested he had found good proofs of it stopt an Envoy of Philip King of Spain's raised Soldiers and by fore seized upon Palliana and Neptuna places which belonged to the Colonnas In this juncture a favourable opportunity presented for the recovery of Siena the scarcity of Provision was such that the people were raving mad for hunger and whatever care the Duke of Florence could take to send Wheat thither they could hardly get enough for fifteen days So that if the Pope had but lent his Forces to the French and those had joyned with such as they had in Garrisons and that Octavio Farnese who Commanded some Forces for the King in Tuscany would but have gone heartily about it they might infallibly have regained that City by only carrying of bread to those unfortunate inhabitants But Mendoza who at that time acted a Vice-Roy of Naples expecting the Arrival of the Duke of Alva approaching the Frontiers of the Church with Ten Thousand Men the Pope was so much frighted that he chose some Cardinals to endeavour to make a Peace between the two Crowns and in the mean time commanded Octavio to dismiss the Forces he had at Castro and Petigliana which caused Octavio who was retired to Parma to quit the service of the French make a Treaty with the Emperor by the mediation of the Duke of Alva and send the Collar of the Order back to the King The Holy Father would perhaps have rested there if the Cardinal Nephew by force of Arguments representing those outrages the Spaniards had offer'd and perswading him that both his own person and all his House were in danger to be destroy'd by the cruel Treacheries of those Renegado Apostates had not made him take a resolution of Excommunicating and declaring War against them though he had neither Soldiers nor Friends nor Money and at most but two or three years of life without either Strength or Vigour And thus it is the Popes are sometimes the Victimes of their Nephews and for their sakes sacrifice their quiet the Treasures of the Church and the Peace of Italy nay sometimes even of all Christendom France was his only refuge the Potentates of Italy are wont to flatter the French to get their help for the Executing their Vengeance or to make their own advantages then turn their backs upon them when they have gained their ends or if they find themselves in the least danger they slip aside with the earliest ✚ and leave the French behind plung'd in the Bogg and expos'd alone to all the peril When the Pope therefore sent to the King to demand his assistance and in requital promised his towards the Conquering the Kingdom of Naples the wisest were not of opinion that he should give ear to those Propositions They consider'd besides that France was drained of Money that they had work enough to defend themselves against the powers of Spain Germany and the Low-Countries with whom they should speedily find England joyned that it would be a hard task to preserve Piedmont and therefore not fit to undertake a Forraign Year of our Lord 1555 War upon the faith of people unfaithful variable and deceitful and the assurance of an old Man who had one foot in the Grave and no other weapons but the spiritual Sword of very little use or effect in a temporal War They consider'd these things very well but there were none so bold as to remonstrate them to the King They would not oppose the Cardinal de Lorrain who embraced this business that the Duke of Guise might have the Command of the Army in Italy The Constable himself was content not to approve of it without opposing it He was well enough pleased that those Princes who stood in his way should go and embarass themselves in an enterprize which would carry them out of the King's sight and which could not but succeed ill and turn to their own shame but he did not foresee that it should prove more unfortunate yet to him then to them Thus was it that all the King's Ministers some by a cursed Court-craft or Policy others out of an irregular ambition engaged this Prince to that doleful Alliance It was rough-drawn at Paris and finished at Rome by the Cardinal de Lorrain The King sent him thither expresly and he desired the Cardinal de Tournon might be joyned with him whom he took along as he passed thorough Lyons though he were of a quite contrary opinion and publickly protested that it was against his will they made use of him in so ruinous a business These Cardinals being arrived at Rome in the Month of October Signed the League Defensive and Offensive between the King the Pope and the Holy See in all the Estates of Italy excepting Piedmont It was therein agreed that towards the expences of the War the two Princes should deposite Five Hundred Thousand Crowns at Venice the King Three Hundred and Fifty Thousand and the Pope one Hundred and Fifty Thousand That they should begin it either in the Kingdom of Naples or in Tuscany as should be judged most convenient That the King should send Twelve Thousand Foot into Italy Five Hundred Men at Arms and as many Light-horse which should be Commanded by a Prince That the Pope should furnish Ten Thousand Foot and a Thousand Horse that he should bestow the investiture of Naples upon a Son of France provided it were not the Daufin but he retained a good Portion for himself and much Lands
Funeral Of so many Lords and so many Bishops as were then at Orleans there were none but Sansac and la Brosse who had been his Governors and Lewis Guillard Bishop of Senlis who was blind that conducted his Corps to Saint Denis His Heart was left to the Church named Saincte Croix at Orleans The Guises excused their not attending it upon the necessity there was for them to stay with their Niece to comfort her But they were not exempted from reproach such as had more sence of Honour then Ambition much blamed them for not paying that little devoir to him from whom they had received so much honour And indeed some body tack'd a Paper upon the Pall that cover'd his Coffin wherein were these words Taneguy du Chastel where art thou This Taneguy as was well known tho banished from Court during the Reign of Charles VII his Master came generously back again thither to make a Funeral for that King at his own charges shewing his gratitude thereby and making it appear to all the World that his thankfulness for the favours he had received were above his fear of the resentments of Lewis XI a mortal Enemy to the memory and Servants of his own Father The Constable who had been sent for several times but crept along slowly by little Journeys having heard the tydings of the Kings death doubled his pace and Arrived the Eight of the Month of December at Orleans Entring into Year of our Lord 1560 the City he made use of the power belonging to his Office and commanded away the Guards that were at the Gates threatning to send them to the Gallows if he found them any more besieging or investing the King in that manner in a time of Peace and in the very heart of his Kingdom As for the Prince though he had free liberty as soon as ever the King expir'd nevertheless he refused to go out of Prison till he knew who were the prosecutors against him and who his accusers There were none durst undertake to play so desperate a Game and the Guises replied that all had been done by express Command of the King but did not produce any Order by vertue whereof he had been so prosecuted So that Thirteen dayes afterwards he came forth and went to Ham in Picardy attended with Honour and respect by those very men that had served as Guards upon him in his Confinement CHARLES IX King LX. POPES PIUS IV. Five Years under this Reign PIUS V. Elected the 7 January 1566. S. 6 Years 3 Months and 24 dayes GREGORY XIII Elected the 13. of May 1572. S. 13. Years wanting one Month whereof two years under this Reign Year of our Lord 1560. in December THose hopes many had conceived that King Francis II. being near the time of his compleat Majority might possibly extinguish all the Factions were now by his death changed into a just fear of finding them rather more enflamed and heightned from a Sedition to a Bloody War wherefore the Tumults increasing every day they made hast to Assemble the Estates from whom the silly vulgar expect a redress of all their grievances and troubles The first Session was held the Thirteenth of December in a great Timber Hall expresly built in the place called l'Estape The Chancellor begun it with a Speech becoming his gravity He blamed the violent proceedings in matters of Religion told them the only means to reclaim such as went astray was a good exemplary Life and sound Doctrine exhorted them earnestly to lay aside the injurious names of Lutherans Huguenots Papists and desired every one to forbear all hatred and own no passion but for the publick good in which consists the benefit of all particular Persons There was nothing else done at this first meeting only the three Orders were sent to confer together about their Papers and Instructions Some who were inspired with a bolder zeal had a mind to confer the Regency upon the King of Navarre but withal to leave the Education of the young King to his Mother to set bounds to the Government and make choice of a good Council for the management of all Affairs of State The Queen Mother took the Allarm caused the Kings Council to make a Decree which forbad the Deputies to intermeddle with the Government and made use of so many intrigues that the Navarrois a Prince very inconstant and irresolute was perswaded to confirm what he had promised her during the Imprisonment of his Brother Year of our Lord 1561 The second of January was the second Sessions of the Estates The three Orders made their Harangues John de Lange Advocate of Bourdeaux spake for the Third Estate James de Silly Earl of Rochefort for the Nobility and John Quintin a Canon of Autun and Doctor en Decret for the Clergy The two first laid great stress and weight upon the Vices of the Ecclesiasticks the cause of all the disorders The last endeavour'd to defend them retorted all upon the new Sectaries and reflected particularly upon the Admiral who demanded reparation Year of our Lord 1561 Quintin was obliged to do it in a set Speech at the closing up of the Estates Whatever accord there could be between the Navarrois and the Regent yet there was danger that the Estates if they consider'd their power might put some Fetters upon this Woman who was a stranger and besides they began to perceive that the Princes were forming parties and tryed to foist in certain propositions for their own interests or concerning their private quarrels Amongst others the King of Navarre put them upon calling for an account of the Finances and a particular of all the Gifts bestowed in the Reign of Henry II. himself proffering to surrender all that were given him This touched the Constable and the Mareschal de Saint André more then the Guises as having expended more in the Kings Service then they had gained The Regent soon perceived where it pinched and joyning them to her self upon this consideration easily adjourned the Estates to the Month of May and the City of Pontoise and ordained that she might be at less Charge and trouble to bribe them that there should come but two Deputies from each Government In the Month of February the King being come to Fountainbleau the Prince of Condé appeared there with a slender attendance that he might give them no jealousie The next day being admitted to the Privy-Council and having spoken of his innocency he asked the Chancellor whether there were any proofs against him the Chancellor answered No and all the Princes and Lords having testified that they were satisfied of his innocency the King commanded him to take his Seat The Council did after make a Decree which declared him wholly innocent and sent him back to the Parliament of Paris to get a more Authentique one as he did in a few days afterwards The courage of the Guises did not sink upon the rise of their enemies they were supported by the Catholick Party and
the Catholicks by them It is most certain but for them the old Religion must have given place to the new Sect. The Regent favour'd them in show that they might not fly out to extremes In the mean time the Navarrois desiring to enlarge his power began a quarrel by demanding to have the Keys of the Kings House brought to him not to the Duke of Guise that honour being his due in respect of his Office of Grand-Maistre The pretence was but slight but the King of Navarre carried it on so high that he was upon leaving the Court with all the Princes of the Blood and the Constable to come to Paris and deliberate concerning the Government of the State What did the Queen She regains the Constable and that he might have a plausible excuse to break their intended project prevailed with the King to command him in presence of the Four Secretaries of State not to forsake or leave him So that the Navarrois apprehending they might perhaps do well enough now without him was advised to stay and came to an agreement with the Queen who augmented his power of Lieutenancy From that time the Constable began to fall off from the Princes of the Blood The same proposition concerning the repetition of gifts being renew'd in the particular Estates of Paris he was made believe it was chiefly aimed at him because he had in truth received an Hundred Thousand Crowns under Henry II. whereof he had given no account To the apprehension he was under of being obliged to repay this Sum were joyned the several exhortations of his Wife the Dutchess of Valentinois Honorat de Savoy Count de Villars his Brother in Law his Son Henry Lord of Danville all which under the specious pretence of preserving the Catholick Religion persuaded him to enter into a League with the Duke of Guise and the Mareschal de Saint André the remonstrances of the Prince the Coligny's his Nephews and his Son the Mareschal esteemed one of the wisest Lords in the Kingdom were not so prevalent as to hinder it The Huguenots named this Union the Triumvirat These Brouilleries had hitherto retarded the Kings Coronation When these three Lords were thus united they carried him to Reims where he received the Crown the fifteenth day of May from the hands of the Cardinal de Lorrain Arch-Bishop of that See The Duke of Guise pursuant to the ancient Order of the Kingdom which gives place according to the dignity of their Lands or antiquity of Peerage not according to their birth did there precede the Duke of Montpensier a Prince of the Blood the Queen-Regent having so adjudged it though on the other hand she would have Alexander Monsieur her second Son Year of our Lord 1561 precede the King of Navarre who had a more eminent Title which was not so practised at the Coronation of Francis II. It had been agreed by the Treaty of the general Peace that within three years the right of the Kings pretensions to the Territories of the Duke of Savoy should be Examined and settled by Commissioners on either part King Francis II. and the Duke had named Deputies for that end in the year 1560. Anthony Seguier President in Parliament and Anthony de Chandon Master of Requests who were for the King made Six Demands 1. The County of Nice which they said was a Member of the County of Provence 2. The Cities of Turin Cony Montdevis Albe Querasque and Savillan 3. The County of Ast which had been given in Dower to Valentine de Milan Wife of the Duke of Orleans 4. The Dependancies of the Marquiss de Salusses specified in an Arrest or Decree of Parliament in the year 1390. 5. Homage of that Duke for what he held in Daufiné on this side Guyer le Vif and elsewhere in Focygny and in Genevois and the inheritance of Louisa Mother of Francis I. They produced their Titles and their Pleas the Deputies for the Duke their exceptions and their answers but seeing on either side they acted rather as Advocates then Judges they could not agree upon any thing and made their reports severally and diversly The Duke could not therefore obtain any thing till the year following when he was so earnest with the King that by Letters Patents of the eight of August he commanded that they should restore to him Turin Chivas Quiers and Villa-Nuova d'Ast excepting only the Ammunitions and Artillery in exchange for Pignerol Savillan and Perouse with all the Lands within their Limits Imbert de la Platiere Bourdillon the Kings Lieutenant beyond the Alpes started many difficulties sent warm Remonstrances to the Council to prevent the Execution of that Order and would not obey till after three express Commands and upon the most solemn and authentick discharges that could be imagined Which yet would have availed but little if the Dukes had not paid all the Arrears that were due to the French Garrisons in the said places and had not moreover lent a Hundred Thousand Crowns to the King The Ambiguous conduct of the Regent fomented the Troubles On the one side she feigned to give a favourable ear to the Huguenots for she permitted John de Montluc Bishop of Valence and Peter du Vall Bishop of Sées to Preach even in the Kings Family such Doctrine as was very much like theirs She wrote a long Epistle to the Pope wherein she said that till there were a General Council they might safely be admitted to the Communion of the Roman Church since they held or taught nothing contrary to Holy Scripture or the seven first Oecumenical Councils She set forth an Edict which commanded all men to leave them in peace and released from Prison and call'd home from Banishment all such as had been prosecuted upon that single account This was the first they ever had in their favour and on the other side she incited the Constable to complain aloud and openly of these things thus done to the prejudice of the Roman Church Honour would not allow the Constable to joyn himself openly with the Duke of Guise whilst the Prince of Condé continued to be his Enemy wherefore he begg'd the Queen to make an accommodation between them Both of them being therefore commanded to come into the presence of the King the Princes Cardinals and great Officers the Duke of Guise Addressing his Speech to the Prince assured him he had no way contributed to his imprisonment the Prince replied he held him for a Rascal and a Traitor whoever were the Author of it the Duke answer'd he believed so to and that this did no way concern him This past the King Commanded them to embrace and promise each other a sincere and cordial amity An instrument hereof was drawn up in writing which was signed by the two Secretaries of State The Parliament was in such a heat against the Edict the Queen had obtained in favour of the Huguenots because they had sent it only to the Presidials and not to
dispatched to the other World by several sorts of Death and Torments That at Lyons they defended themselves against Tavanes and afterwards against the Duke of Nemours who besieged that City the one after the other That above Fifty Thousand of theirs were Slain as well in Battle as in Tumults Seditions and Up-roars and that where-ever they were strongest they broke or melted all their Shrines Reliquaires and sacred Vessels of Gold and Silver which the Prince Coined into Money with the Arms and Effigies of the King and this made Money much more common in France then ever it had been known before this War The dread the Pope was in lest they should hold a National Council in France obliged him to assemble the General Council of Trent The Cardinal de Lorrain went thither this year upon the fifteenth of November with great equipage accompanied by forty Bishops and a good number of the most learned Doctors His Holyness had some reason to take the Allarm upon it the power of this great Cardinal gave him so much jealousie that he called him the Pope on the other side the Mountains And apprehended hended he would bring the Doctors of the Ausbourg Confession into the Lists For Year of our Lord 1562 he had given some hints and tokens at least in appearance that he did not disapprove their Confession altogether and they well knew that in his passage by Inspruc he had conferr'd with the Emperor So that the Pope as if he had beâ—n to deal with the greatest enemy of the Church Muster'd up all his Forces sent for all the Bishops in his own Dominions where they are very numerous borrowed even of his Neighbours and pray'd the King of Spain to assist him with his to strengthen his party in the Council that he might be able to make head against those of France and Germany Though Philip had lost his cause at Venice about precedency he failed not to revive it again in the Council Claude Ferdinand de Quinones Count de Luna his Ambassador before he would come to Trent had demanded of the Pope what place he should have there the Pope instead of giving a direct answer eluded and referred the decision of that right to those Legates who presided for him in the Council The Cardinal de Gonzague who was chief of them found an expedient to satisfie the Spaniards and not much prejudice the French Which was that the Ambassador of France should keep his place next the Emperor and in their Congregations he of Spain should by provision only have one apart by himself either next to Ecclesiastiques or on a Seat distinct just opposite to the other Ambassadors The Cardinal de Lorrain out of the apprehension he had lest this dispute should break up the Council obliged Lansac the Kings Ambassador to accept of this condition and to allow the Count should have a Seat apart near the Secretary to the Council He took this place therefore and having Commanded his Orator to speak went out the first of any for fear of some dispute at the Door But the difficulty was not determined as to the other Assemblies particularly the Sessions of Council and at solemn Mass where the Seats were not placed in the same manner so that the French demed the Spaniard the like favour there The Legates durst not decide it of their own heads but when they had received Orders from the Pope to give him the like rank at all ceremonies they contrived another expedient Vpon Saint Peters Day the Fathers of the Council being at Chappel there appeared a Seat between the last Cardinal and the first Patriarch and the Spanish Ambassadors sate there They had likewise given private Order to have two Censers that they might give the Incense to the French and him at the same time The French would not suffer it the Divine Service was interrupted the Legates the Ambassadors and some Bishops to prevent the scandal endeavour'd to find a Medium which was that they should omit the giving of Incense c. that day After this Council the same controversie was renewed at Rome by Lewis de Zuniga Requesens Great Commander of the Order of Saint James Ambassador of King Philip Henry Clutin de Oysel who was so for the King courageously maintained the right of France The Spaniard caused divers expedients to be propounded whereby he aimed to preserve an equality but they were all rejected by the French who would not only keep his ancient place and station but would have the Spaniard do so too that is beneath him So that the Pope after he had vainly sought to find out expedients did most solemnly adjudge the precedency contended for to belong to the French and maintained him in the possession of it Which was performed on the day of Pentecost in the year 1564. Requesens having protested against this Judgment and not appearing at the Celebration of that Festival Year of our Lord 1562. November Notwithstanding since that time the Ambassadors of Spain have many times disputed for the Precedency with those of France though for the most part to their own shame as well at Rome as in other Courts of Princes till in our dayes the most August King Lewis XIV upon a contest hapned in England between his and one from Spain obliged Philip IV. expresly to renounce it by an Authentick Instrument in Writing The 12 th of November Dandelot Arrived at Orleans with Twelve Cornets of Reisters making Six and Twenty Hundred Horse and Twelve Ensignes of Lansquenets under them near Three Thousand Men whom the Landegrave of Hesse had furnished him withal and some few dayes before Duras had brought in the Remnants of the Battel de Vere This Crime of bringing strangers into the Kingdom was in some sort excusable in them by the example of the contrary Party who had first caused both Horse and Foot to be raised in Germany by the Rhingrave and Count Rocandolf who were Protestants and had likewise called in some Spaniards which they might very well have let alone since there were above an hundred Catholicks in France for every Huguenot Year of our Lord 1562 The Princes Army being Twelve Thousand fighting men took the Field Their resolution was to go directly to Paris believing that upon the first and sudden fright they might force them before the Triumviri could return or put the Queen in so much dread that she would be brought to a more reasonable accommodation The event made the vanity of this Design plainly appear he could not so much as take the little Town of Corbeil and besides when he was lodged at Arcueil and other neighbouring Villages the Queen engaged him in divers Conferences wherein she pretended mildly to yield to him in divers points to hinder him from falling upon the Suburbs till the Parisians were recover'd from their terrible consternation and to debauch his best Officers amongst which number was Genlis who retired to his own home but yet remained ever a Huguenot
about mid January arrived the 12 th of February at Reims and was Crowned three days after by the Cardinal de Guise the See being vacant The Duke of Guise who was yet in Favour had the precedency of the Duke of Montpensier This latter being come within two Leagues of Reims resolved to carry it this time received an Order from the King which forbid him coming any nearer The next day the King Married Lovisa Daughter of Nicholas Earl of Vaudemont paternal Uncle of Charles II. Duke of Lorrain the Cardinal de Lorrain had when living made the first proposal for this Match When the King had made his entrance into Paris with his new Spouse the Deputies for the Protestant and Politique Party came thither to discourse concerning a Peace having first consulted by their Envoyez with the Prince of Condé who was at Basil They demanded Right might be done them upon Ninety two Articles many of which sounded very boldly but those that shock'd most were the holding of the General Estates the lessening of the Tailles and reducing them to the same Standard they were in under Lewis XII and that exemplary punishment should be inflicted upon Atheists and Blasphemers and the Laws and Ordonnances put in execution against Year of our Lord 1575 those enormous and infamous Pailliardise which provoked and called down the wrath of God upon France This malicious censure rendred the Huguenots more execrable at the Court then either their Rebellions or their Heresie These Conferences which lasted above Three Months and the several Negotiations wherewith they endeavoured to amuse the Rochellers and Damville were so far from healing all the suspitions fears and animosities in the minds of either party that they rather more increased and envenomed them So that the War continued every where In the neighbourhood of Montauban which was invested by the Catholiques and delivered by Choupes who marched thither with the Forces of la Noüe In Auvergne where Montal was defeated and slain by a Dame whom we may equal to the Amazones this was Magdeline de Sainct Neciaire Widow of Guy de Sainct Exupery Miraumont always followed by Threescore of the bravest Gentlemen who strove to do prodigious feats of Arms to merit her favour In Perigord where Langoiran surprized and cruelly sack'd the City of Perigueux In Languedoc where Damville did as much at Vzez and at Alez and in Daufiné where Montbrun gained a Battle against Gordes his enemy near Die and besieged him in that Town Some days after going forth to meet some Forces that were coming to deliver him he was himself defeated taken and sent to the Parliament of Grenoble who made his Process and condemned him to lose his Head This was in punishment for his having plundered the King's baggage and making this insolent reply to those that blamed him for it That Gaming and War made all men equal Francis de Bonne Lesdiguieres month February a private Gentleman but who had already attained to a great reputation supplied his Place in Daufiné and raised himself to a much nobler height by restoring a strict Military Discipline then the other had ever been able to do by permitting all manner of Licentiousness I shall pass over in silence those disturbances the Government of the Mareschal de Rais occasioned in Provence and the two Factions which troubled that Province Year of our Lord 1574 the one bearing the name of Carcistes from the Count de Carces Lieutenant for the King who was their Head the other Rasats who opposed his exactions Nor shall I mention some exploits of Montclue whom they had newly made a Mareschal of France For they were inconsiderable and after that the ill-favour'd wound in his Face by a Musquet shot at his besieging of Rabasteins for which he wore a Vizor-Masque the Huguenots dreading him no more then a Girl The Senate of Poland besought the King with all the respect and deference imaginable that he would be pleased to return into that Countrey if not they would proceed to the election of another Pibrac whom the Queen-Mother had sent thither to get the term prolonged found they had passed a Decree of the Fourteenth of July signifying that the Crown was vacant as by death and that the Estates should proceed to a new Election Finding they were resolved upon it he thought it more becoming and decent to retire then be spectator of the affront they were going to do his Master In the Diet they were divided into two parties whereof the one elected the Emperour Maximilian the other Sigismond Bathory Prince of Transylvania upon condition he should Marry Anne Sister of the deceased King This last more diligent then his Rival posted immediately to Poland Married the Princess and got himself into Possession which would have occasioned infinite troubles if death had not prevented it by snatching Maximilian out of the World A Court overflowing with voluptuousness and where all was steered by other hands then the Sovereign Pilots could not but be mightily agitated by the continual intrigues of busy Women and of Favourites Du Gua and Souvré were then the month June c. Kings chief Darlings the Queen-Mother employ'd these to set the Duke of Alenson and the King of Navarre at variance and to scatter some seeds of jealousie between the King and his Wife for fear she should make her self Mistriss of her Husbands Affairs pursuant to the Councils of the Duke of Guise They had likewise frequent counterscuffâ—es with the brave Bussy d'Amboise Favourite to the Duk of Alenson and with the Queen of Navarre who upheld the courage of that Prince upon whom they were eternally putting their little tricks It hapned about this time the King fell sick they made him believe he was poison'd month August by his Brother Upon this imagination he sends for the King of Navarre and commanded him to rid his hands of that mischievous Man so he termed him but instead of obeying him in his revenge tho that were to bring him one step nearer to the Throne he abhorred it and left the King the time to repent it Year of our Lord 1575 When he was recover'd the Mareschal de Montmorency ran great risque of his Life those that had been the occasion of his confinement having just cause to fear he would resent it if he got out of the Bastille resolved to thrust him out of the world that they might fall no more under such apprehensions To this end they reported that Damville who alone could deter them from so damnable an attempt was dead Indeed he was very sick of some morsel which had been given him and upon this rumour they perswaded the King to give order to Souvré to strangle the Mareschal in prison but Souvré though they assured him of being made Captain of Bois de Vincennes after the feat done made so many delays that they had certain news of the recovery of Damville and so durst not lay violent hands upon his Brother
Duke of Alenson after the Peace made his residence at Bourges where Bussy d'Amboise Fervaques Laffin Simiers and some other Favourites of his obliged him to stay for their own advantage or for their security Towards the end of October he was prevailed upon to go to Court by the perswasions of the Queen-Mother and came to salute the King at the Castle d'Olinville near Chastres The King received so much joy by this visit that he gave notice by Letters Patents of it to all his Kingdom Bussy would not follow his Master but went and setled his Habitation in the Castle of Angiers chusing rather said he to play the King in that Countrey then the Waiting-man or Valet at Court As soon as they had thus withdrawn the Duke of Anjou they began to continue the ruine of the Huguenots to form powerful Leagues as well within the Kingdom which we shall presently mention as without by communication with Don Juan of Austria whom King Philip was sending Governour to the Low-Countreys and with the Popes Legat. Year of our Lord 1576 Don Juan and the Legat arriving at Court on the very same day and from different places the first incognito and the other in great state had access and very private Conference with the Kings Council and yet more particularly with the Duke of Guise The Queen-Mothers aim was in the first place to take off the King of Navarre and the Prince of Condé from the party and in order to this she was resolved to make a journey into Guyenne and discourse with them but whether she found they were not so disposed as she desired to be deluded by her or not she did not go In the mean time these two Princes who had no secure retreat for their Persons endeavour'd to make sure of some the Prince with more Craft then Faith or fair Play seized upon Brouage having order'd some Companies to slip in then upon Mirembean himself who was Lord thereof whom he forced to put him in possession of the place promising however to render it again within three Months In effect he did render it to him but soon after seized it the Second time upon some jealousie either real or pretended The Rochellers took the allarm and the Court fomented their suspitions so much that the Mayor sent to desire the Prince not to come to Rochel but the Ministers and People made them change that resolution and ordered that he should be invited provided he brought no more then his ordinary attendance Thus the Court plainly perceived he was not so absolute over the party as he would have made them believe The late conjunction of the Duke of Alenson with the Religionaries and Politiques and the advantageous Peace granted to them produced that mightly Faction to which the Authors of it gave the name of Holy Vnion and the vulgar that of The League or to say better revived and fagotted together all the other particular ones which had been already formed in divers parts under the Reign of Charles IX For the Lords during those troubles had taken the confidence to make Treaties and Confederacies amongst themselves without asking permission of the King and the People arrogated to themselves the liberty of giving their Oaths to others besides their Sovereign justifying themselves by presidents drawn from the Huguenots who indeed shewed them first the example Thus they framed one in Languedoc between the Cardinals de Strossy and Armagnac and some Lords of that Countrey another again in Bourdelois of which the Marquis de Trans of the House of Foix was General another much greater whereof Montluc advised Charles IX to be the Head There were also certain Fraternities joyned in Burgundy which to speak properly were a kind of a League Besides that in Limosin in the Vivarets and some other Provinces the People armed to defend themselves against all Soldiers of either party Year of our Lord 1576 They tell us likewise that the Queen-Mother had given notice to Charles IX that if he would not consent to the Massacre on St. Bartholomews there was a League ready form'd should execute it without him and it is certain that upon the apprehension there was of King Henry's being stopt in Poland several Associations were made in the Provinces to preserve the State and the Catholique Religion So that it was but only the joyning and cimenting all these distinct parties together to make up the great Body of the League The zealous Catholiques were the instruments the new Religious Orders the Paranymphs and Trumpeters the Grandees of the Kingdom the Authors and Heads The easy temper of the King gave way to its growth and the Queen-Mother lent it her helping hand She was not prompted to it by any zeal for Religion nor for any love or kindness towards the Guises but out of her mortal hatred to the Huguenots above all other Reasons because they earnestly desired she should give an account of her Administration and bawled open mouth'd against the disorders of the Court and the enormous Vices of the Italians especially against the new and vexations Tolls and Faxes those strangers invented every day The Pope and the King of Spain were the promoters of it this because the Huguenots were in friendship with the Gueux the Rebels in the Low-Countreys and he apprehended lest the Duke of Anjou grown more powerful might affect to embrace the Sovereignty of those Provinces or that the King of Navarre young and valiant would endeavour to wrest that Kingdom out of his hands which he so unjustly detained from him the other because he feared the Huguenots might become so strong as would oblige the King to hold a National Council and believed withal that if he could but exterminate them in France he might very easily attain his ends and trample on all the Protestants elsewhere Now the League appeared first in Picardy The People in that Countrey ignorant and devout but hot-headed easily took fire upon the apprehension was spread on purpose amongst them how the Prince of Condé would plant his Religion in that Province if he came to make his Residence at Peronne pursuant to the Treaty of Peace James de Humieres Governour of Peronne Montdidier and Roye great in Estate and Credit induced the Nobility and most of the Cities in that Province to sign it and Aplincourt a young Gentleman of his kindred took the Oaths of the Inhabitants of Peronne The Duke of Guise and the Duke of Mayenne engaged Champagne and then Burgundy to do the like Lewis de la Tremouille prevailed in Poitou being offended with the Huguenots who now and then surprized some Castle of his withal desirous to impugne the Count de Lude Governour of the Province In fine this Faction which had this taken root in every Province did on a suddain shoot forth such thick and lofty branches that it both cover'd and eclipsed nay almost stifled the whole Regal Authority When the Huguenots demanded with such instance the Estates-General
their Sluces so that his unfortunate Army was constrained to expose themselves to a march through that great Tract of Water not without loss of above three hundred Men. In fine after they had trudg'd near thirty leagues with incredible difficulties though it was but seven leagues distant by the direct road they arrived at Dendremond which served them as the second Plank after their Shipwrack Year of our Lord 1583. February c. The Queen Mother the Queen of England and the King himself for the honour of the French Nation mediated and interposed to allay the fury of the Flemmings and palliate the fault of the young Prince So much was effected by their Negociations that the States fearing he should give up to the Spaniard those places he yet held agreed with him by a Provisional Treaty That he should have ninety thousand Florins to pay his Army provided he would retire to Dunkirk and remain there whilst they endeavour'd an Accommodation and in the mean time surrender Dendremond and Dixmude month April and May They thought with the assistance of his Forces to raise the Siege of Eiendhoue but Biron who commanded them being ill seconded and withall unprovided of every thing was not in a condition to perform it but had enough to do to struggle for two whole Months together with his necessities Nevertheless the Duke of Parma durst not attaque him in his Camp near Rosendale Mean while the Disorders increased daily in those Provinces thorough the contrariety of Sentiments and diversity of the Interests of the States Deputies who agreed in nothing but their outcries against the French Therefore after the Duke of Anjou had for two Months languished in his melancholy abode of Dunkirk expecting their ultimate Resolution in vain he Embarqued the Eight and twentieth of June to come to Calais month June month July Two days after his departure the Ghentois blinded by their obstinate hatred against the French and the Catholick Religion shut up Birons passage whereby he might have gone to the relief of Dunkirk so that it surrendred upon Composition and after that Neuport Furnes Dixmude St. Vinochs Bergh and Meenen fell into the hands of the Spaniards These losses redoubled their out-cries and mutinies in Ghent and Antwerp in so much as the Prince of Orangé not finding himself any longer secure in Antwerp prudently retired into Zealand with all his Family the Two and twentieth of July having first assigned the States General to meet at Middeburgh A Month after Biron went likewise out of the Country with his Troops and led month July and Aug. them to the Duke of Anjou who was in Cambresis He made signs as if he would have raised more but this was only to have some pretenoe not to come to Court though the King had sent for him His last act had cover'd his face with so much shame and confusion that he avoided the sight of all Mankind wandring from place to place like one berest of his sences and was not able to admit his own Mother into his presence who went on purpose to seek him out Thus did he waste the last six Months Year of our Lord 1583 of this year the King taking little thought for him as knowing the only remedy for these Escapades is the neglect of them But himself troubled with Hypocondriacal Vapours which affect the Brain render the Mind feeble and inconstant possess it with fantastical and airy Visions had suffer'd himself to be led away with a humour of Devotion as little serious as unbecomming his Dignity A Cloister was his most usual Retreat Processions and Fraternities his most frequent Exercise and Pilgrimages his greatest Expeditions From these Devotions he would often in an instant leap into his pleasures afresh and had even found out the art to blend them together During the Carnaval he went by day about the Streets in Masquerade and at night into the Houses where a thousand youthful frolicks were acted then in Lent he went in Procession with the Penitents This year he erected a Fraternity at Paris named Penitents of the Annunciation because he began it on that day They marched by two and two in three Divisions of blew black and white cover'd with a Sack or Frock of those colours having a Vizord on their Faces and a Whip in their Hands or at their Girdle The Cardinal de Guise carried the Cross all the Grandees of the Court even the Chancellor and Keeper of the Seals were of them but not one of the Parliament would be present lest they should seem to countenance and authorise this Forreign Novelty The People were too well acquainted with the disorderly and licentious lives of the Courtiers to be moved with these superficial shews of Devotion and moreover those loads of Oppression laid upon them by the Minions in new Imposts creation of Offices and violent Taxes which were raised a thing unusual in this Kingdom without any Verification of the Soveraign Courts whetted the most slanderous Tongues and Satyrical Pens both against them and against their Master Joyeuse and Espernon level'd at the Duke of Anjou whose grandeur was an obstruction to their vast designs and the Guises were agreed with them on this point Espernon shock'd the Guises and was shock'd by them upon all occasions but Joyeuse would hold in with those Princes because he had Married a Wife of that Family or rather because he desired to make himself Head of the League and gain the support of so strong a Party The Queen Mother had a mortal hatred both for the Guises and for the Year of our Lord 1583 the Minions but she declining in her power found her self under the necessity of making use both of the one and other to ascend again She trod the same path to her dying day yet she endeavour'd to preserve the Duke of Anjou whom either of them sought to ruine and studies to bring him once more to the management of Affairs for her own ends though she were resolved not to let him hold it long Such was the disposition of all Parties then The King himself had put the first thoughts of dividing his Kingdom betwixt them into the heads of his brace of Favourites as if they had been his own Children Joyeuse had conceived a design to get Languedoc and to joyn the Comtat of Avignon to it and to this effect was resolved by the Authority of the King to oblige his Holiness to Excommunicate the Mareschal de Montmorency as a protector and favourer of Hereticks and to give him the Comtat in exchange for the Marquisate of Salusses Now that he might not refuse him this he had contrived an intrigue to seize upon it by means of William Patris Bishop of Grace Favourite of the Cardinal d'Armagnac the Popes Legat in those Countries but the Mine being discovered Patris was assassinated by order from Rome Joyeuse did not give over the pursuing of his point and finding he could get nothing but ambiguous answers
language reproaches and imprecations that a despairing fury and rage could possibly express the other was that having found the Popes Legat easily inclined to allow of his justificatio ntouching the death of the Duke he imagined it would be no hard task to obtain his remission for the Murther of the Cardinal Du Guast a Captain in the Regiment of Guards provided four Soldiers for this execution each of them being promised an hundred Year of our Lord 1588 Crowns The Cardinal therefore being called for by the King these Murtherers who waited his coming thorough a Gallery slew him with their Halberts Richelieu caused the Bodies of these two Brothers to be burnt and their Ashes to be scatter'd in the Air lest the People should make Reliques of them Pericard redcemed his life and liberty at the price of all his Masters secrets but neither threats nor caresses could extort the least sillable from the Archbishop that might stain the memory of his Friend and yet the King either because his fury was spent or because he had formerly loved him would not have them take away his Life Few People boasted of having a hand in this action either out of shame or for sear of a future revenge It will not be amiss to observe two things the one that such as had the greatest obligation to the House of Guise were the main Instruments of their destruction the other that these Princes were drawn into the snare under the publick faith and by the like most subtile and artificial dissimulations as they had joyned in to decoy those of the House of Bourbon and the Admiral de Coliguy at the Massacre in the year 1572. Such as were most clear-sighted did from that very time judge this must be attended with terrible Consequences the King himself began to perceive it when after the Murther of the Duke of Guise going to the Queen Mother to let her know what had past saying to her Madam now I am King indeed she asked him whether he had taken order to secure Paris and hinder the People from rising in all parts of the Kingdom and made him sensible as well by her countenance as her discourse that he was not yet in the condition he thought himself And then again when he found the Legat month December who though not much mov'd at the death of the Duke of Guise came now and declared he had incurr'd Excommunicatio Majorem for that of the Cardinal but much more yet when he came to know that not one of those Orders he had sent abroad had succeeded they not being able to seize upon any one of the Heads of the League For the Duke of Mercoeur who was at Nantes had diligent notice given him by the Queen Louisa his Sister and prevented their taking of him Likewise the Duke of Mayenne received a Courier at Lyons sent him by Roissieux a Gentleman belonging to his Brother and not finding the People of that Town in a disposition to protect him amongst them he went to Chaalon in Burgundy made himself Master of the Citadel and from thence hastned to secure Dijon The same Roissieux made them of Orleans take up Arms who besieged Entragues their Governor in his Redoubt at the Gate Baniere The Sixteen having kept the news private till they were secured of the Gates of Paris held an Assembly in the Town-Hall where they chose the Duke of Aumale to be their Governor For the first two or three days being yet uncertain of the events they put this colour upon their Revolt that it was to maintain themselves in perfect unity against all such attempts as might be made in prejudice to their liberties and the Catholick Religion but when they heard and found Orleans had declared and Year of our Lord 1588 the Duke of Mayenne in Burgundy they were no longer afraid to withdraw themselves from the Kings obedience whom they now called only Henry de Valois Year of our Lord 1589 With this beginning of new Troubles ended the year 1588. which the Prognosticators month January had predicted would be satal to all great Empires It would be prudence to bury in forgetfulness the furious heats of the Parisians against the King the declamations of the Pulpiteers the lewd Songs the infamous Discourses the bloody Satyrs wherewith they mangled his Reputation and I might omit were it not too great an injury and breach in History what the Faculty in Divinity esteemed the leading one of all Christendom asserted upon a Consultation held with them That the French were discharged of all Oaths of Fidelity and their Duty of Obedience towards Henry de Valois and that they might with a safe Conscience take up Arms against him which drew somewhat after it of a most terrible Consequence The first President Achilles de Harlay and many more of the Parliament directly opposed these Phrensies and endeavoured to moderate their overheated Spirits Bussy le Clere otherwhile a Fencer and then a Procureur in Parliament had the confidence to come into the Grand Chamber and cause a List to be read over of such as he said he had Order to Arrest When they had named the first President and ten or twelve others all the rest of the Company rose up and followed them most generously to the Bastille marching by two and two along the Streets to move the People to compassion In effect they were ready to run to their Arms but their Preachers hindred it by giving them to understand that all this was done for the maintenance of Religion and the publick safety Bussy kept those he had a mind to in the Bastille as the first President and some others The same day he seized upon many more in their Houses as well such as belonged to the same Company as to the Chambre des Comptes and the Cour des Aides but most of them got out again the same day or soon after having given their Oathsagainst the King Some realy changed Parties others dissembled till occasion presented to evade but many believed that they should be better able to serve their Country by returning to their places in the Parliament Of those was Barnabe Brisson who supplied the Office of first President and the next day held Audience with Doors wide open having made his protestation before a Notary that he did it by compulsion to save his own life and all his Families The League likewise changed the whole Bar as they pleased Molle was chosen Sollicitor General because the People earnestly demanded it for the reputation of his great Probity Year of our Lord 1589 When the League had thus reformed the Parliament the first Act they demanded month January of them was a Declaration to be sworn to by the Princes Cities and Commonalties of the Kingdom united with the three Estates for the preservation of Religion and publick security These three Estates were but the Seize and the Deputies of five or six Cities of that Party out of whom they had
together master'd almost all the rest of Daufine In Auvergne the Count de Randan a zealous Catholick had made sure of Limagne but on the contrary most of the Lords of the Province as we have before hinted resisted him stoutly The Parisians who thought the taking of the Bearnois so they called him infallible were mightily surprized when they saw he after the having received a supply of four thousand English the evening before the day that the Duke of Mayenne decamped from Diepe having made a long march came on All-Saints day attaqu'd and forced their great Retrenchments of the Fauxbourgs Saint Jacques and Saint Germains then the Fauxbourgs themselves with so much vigour that he might have entred the month November City had his Cannon but come timely enough to beat open the Gates It 's said he got up into the Steeple of the Abby St. Germains and thence at leasure contemplated the tumults and hurry he caused in Paris Bourgeing Prior of the Jacobins was taken in the Trenches of the Fauxbourg Saint Jacques with his Armour on and fighting courageously they convey'd him to Tours where the Parliament condemned him to be drawn by four Horses upon the Depositions of some Witnesses whether true or false who gave Evidence that he had incited Jacques Clement to kill Henry III. which he ever constantly denied and died so The Duke of Mayenne knowing the King drew toward Paris sent the Duke of Nemours thither with all expedition who did not arrive till towards night the next day he came himself with the gross of his Army Upon the noise of his arrival Year of our Lord 1589. November the King withdrew his out of the Fauxbourgs into the Field and having stood there three hours in battalia went to Linas From thence he went and took Estampes and Janville then Vendosme Maille Benehard who was Governor not having the discretion either to surrender it in time or defend it bravely was there beheaded He marched afterwards to Tours where he staid but two days and went to attaque Mans. In it there were twenty Companies of Foot and one hundred Gentlemen Bois-Daufin commanded there They had caused all the Suburbs to be burnt down as if resolved to defend themselves to the utmost extremity and yet at the first Cannon Shot glancing upon their Wall they made Composition which the more honourable by so much was it the more shameful In fine in Anjou Mayne and Touraine the League could preserve only the Town de la Ferte Bernard The King left that it being of more importance to employ his Arms for the reduction of Normandy In the Month of September Pope Sixtus had chosen the Cardinal Caetan to go Legat into France His Orders were To take care they should provide France month September with a King that were Pious a Catholick and agreeable to the French To that effect to go directly to Paris where the Ambassadors of Spain and Savoy were to meet to hear all the Propositions should be made to him to shew himself wholly disinteressed to engage for no Pretender to hear even the King of Navarre if there were any hopes of reconciling him to the Church with honour and dignity to the Holy See After these Instructions given the Pope received Letters written to him by the Duke de Piney deputed to his Holiness on behalf of the Royalist Nobility assuring him he was upon his Journey towards Rome to give him a good Account of that Body this caused him to stop his Legat for some weeks but the League importuned him so much that he was at last obliged to let him go month November He arrived at Lyons the Ninth of November so fraught with an opinion of his great Power and Conduct that he thought to dispose of all France at to his own pleasure and unravel all the grand Affairs with those little Intrigues and trivial Subtilties they make use of in deciding those amongst themselves at Rome So having refused the offer the Duke of Nevers made him of his City which ever since the death of Henry III. he had kept neuter betwixt both Parties and without giving notice of his coming to the Catholick Lords who were with the King but only to the Duke of Mayenne he caused his Brief to be published containing the subject of his Legation and afterwards came to Paris Year of our Lord 1589. November Now because in the Brief no mention was made of the Cardinal de Bourbon the Duke was possest with some apprehensions lest the Pope and the Spaniard had agreed to make some other Person King and by consequence make him lose that Authority he would preserve under the name of that Cardinal and therefore to prevent that danger he made haste before the arrival of the Legat to have him solemnly declared King and in effect he was proclaimed so in all the Cities of that Party by vertue of a Decree of the Council for the Union verified in Parliament and from that time Justice and all other publick Acts began to be administred in the name of Charles X. the Title and the Power of Lieutenant General still reserved to the Duke There were then four different Factions in Paris besides that of the Royalists who durst not too openly discover themselves That is the Party called the Politicks because they considered the State much more then Religion for which the greater part being less concern'd then for their own proper interest believed the stronger side was ever the most just and wished the King might become so but in the mean while never declar'd for him The second was that of the Lorrain Princes consisting of their Friends and a Party of Zealous Catholicks The third were the Spanioliz'd if we may use this Phrase whom the luster of Peruvian Gold had fetter'd to King Philips Interest and the fourth a sort of People too amorous and fond of liberty who aimed to set up a Government whereby absolute Authority might be restrained within the bounds of Laws This latter did not long subsist the other three though Enemies amongst themselves conspiring to make them odious and to destroy them in so much as not knowing which way to turn they quickly joyned with the Spanish who received them with open Arms. In the beginning the Spaniards promised themselves their own hearts desires from the charming power of their Pistols they did not know they had to do with People that were ever craving and never satisfied Wherefore when Mendoza the Ambassador imagining he had made a Party sufficient propounded in Council that they should chuse the King his Master for Protector of the Holy Union The Duke was hugely surprised and after he had consulted with his ablest Heads made Answer that the Legat being so near it would be thought a Crime to resolve upon so weighty a business without first communicating of it to him This reply piqued the Spaniard much and they were quits with him for some days after when he demanded Money
some respect for the King Of the Catholicks as well as Huguenots which were about him there were two sorts some who pressed for his change in Religion Year of our Lord 1590 others who hindred it And of these likewise there were such who solicited it and yet would not have it others that opposed it and yet would have it so The Zealous Huguenots whereof Plessis had greatest Authority not having yet been able to obtain an Edict of him in favour of their Religion and finding he inclined by little and little towards the Catholick resolved they would strengthen themselves with Forreign Aid And in this Prospect engaged him to demand some both in England and Germany so to beset and keep him closer united with the Protestant Princes He met likewise from abroad with another great cause of discontent Pope Sixtus V. had conceived a very high esteem for him an extream contempt for the League and a private hatred for the Spanish Government which was much more dreadful to him then all the Hereticks He had heaped up five Millions of Gold in the Castle St. Angelo the Spaniards importuned him to open his Chests for relief of the Catholick Party but he refused absolutely and that with words as sharp as their demands were arrogant Thereupon he happen'd to die the Seven and twentieth of the Month of August His Successor Vrban VII who proved to be of the same mind lived but thirty days and 't was suspected the Spaniards shortned the lives both of the one and other Gregory XIV who was elected in the place of Vrban being a Milanese by Birth and perhaps apprehending as he was very timorous that they might soon dispatch him after his Predecessors espoused the passions of his King and publickly engaged himself by promising assistance of Men and Money to the month December League Year of our Lord 1591. January The beginning of the year 1591. was made memorable by two Enterprizes one of the Chevalier d'Aumales upon the City of St. Denis the other the Kings upon Paris they both miscarried The Chevalier was by night gotten into St. Denis by means of some People who having passed the Fosse upon the Ice screwed open the Gate and let down the Draw-bridge When he was come into the midst of the Town Dominique de Vic who was newly made Governor goes forth into the Streets with ten or twelve Horse making a huge noise as if great Company were with him He puts the Assailants to a full stop then feeling their Pulses a little afterwards charged them so smartly that he beat back two hundred Men who were soremost upon the Body that came behind Then all betook them to flight The Chevalier with fifteen or sixteen of his lay dead in the Street not without some suspicion of being kill'd by his own Party This was in the night between the second and third of January the Eve of St. Genevieue not very favourable to the Parisians As to the Enterprise upon Paris the Twentieth of the same Month sixty of the most resolute Captains disguised like Peasants and leading Horses loaden with Meal for the City began to grow in want had order to seize upon the Gate St. Honore Year of our Lord 1590. January The Politiques who had notice to be in a Body at the Court of Guard would have joyned them five hundred Cuirassiers and two hundred Arquebusiers concealed in the Fauxbourg would have followed and these again would have been back'd by twelve hundred Men then the Swiss should have marched with several Waggons loaden with Pontons Ladders and Hurdles to scale it in several parts At the same time the King stood at the entrance of the Fauxbourg to give Orders but finding the Gate St. Honore filled up with Earth he judged his Design had taken wind and retired The City of Paris being hourly threatned with the like dangers the Duke of Mayenne was forced to bring in a Garison of Spaniards However to avoid reproach he would not order it of himself but refer'd the business to the Parliament who concluded after great Debate and Contentions it should be so By vertue of their Decree he put four thousand into Paris and five hundred in Meaux a sufficient number to make good his Command but not so many as to make them Masters there month February The inconvenience of the Season which was very sharp could not hinder the King from besieging the City of Chartres The Garison was but two hundred Soldiers but there were three thousand Citizens who believing they did maintain the Cause of God and of the Virgin made the Siege much longer and much more difficult then was expected He was twice or thrice of the mind to raise it Chiverny who was concerned for the recovery of that place because he had the Government of the Chartrain and all his Estate lay thereabouts was the only Man that obliged him not month April to give over This obstinacy of his proved happy in the end for the Town surrendred the Eighteenth day of April The Duke of Mayenne could not make a diversion by attaquing Chafteau-Thierry the taking whereof was very easie the Governor who was the Son of Pinard Secretary of State defended himself so ill that he was accused of Treason His Father and himself were hugely put to it and got out of the Briars rather by the intercession of Friends then any justification of themselves The length of the Siege of Chartres as doubtful at five weeks end as the first day emboldned the Tiers Party to hold up their Heads The young Cardinal de Bourbon a vain and ambitious Prince was Head and Author of it He thought the good Catholicks tired with the tedious delays the King made for his being instructed would confer the Crown on him as being the nearest Prince of the Blood and in this imagination had made a Cabal and sent to Rome to treat with the Pope concerning that matter At the same time his Brother the Count de Soissons was contriving another which would have mightily perplexed the King and made him forfeit his Credit amongst Huguenots The Countess of Guiche offended because the King did not now respect Year of our Lord 1591. April her as he had to be reveng'd of him re-kindled the love that Count once had for Madam Catharine his Sister and so well managed the intrigue that their Wedding was ready to be consummate but the King having discover'd the designs of either that of the Cardinal de Bourbon by means of the Cardinal de Lenoncour who revealed all his secrets that of the Princess by the treachery of a disgraced Chambermaid took such effectual order as removed all his apprehensions The Negociations for Peace began anew after the taking of Chartres Whilst Villeroy was setting them on foot there was an Assembly of the Heads of the League who all met either in Person or by their Deputies in the City of Reims to settle their concerns and the methods for making Peace or
during which time might bring forth some favourable occasion to change the Scene or turn the Tide another way But this Dame as crafty as themselves made no great haste to serve them but on the contrary would let them know her intercession only could save them When therefore the Dutchess of Mercoeur presented her self one Morning at the Gates of Anger 's she was rudely turned back and forced to retire to Pont de Ce but when her Pride thus humbled had taught her to refer her self wholly to the will of the fair Dame she was the very same day sent for and the King soon moved with the Tears of that obliging Sex and very ready to grant what his Mistress requested allowed the Duke an Edict almost as honourable as he could have expected when his power was greatest For having taken care in the Preface of it to excuse him though after his Reconciliation with the Pope nay even after the coming of the Legat into France he had not submitted to him supposing he acted in that manner for some reasons that respected the preservation of Bretagne which must have run the hazard of being invaded by Strangers whilst the Forces of France were employ'd upon the Frontiers of Picardy He declared That he held him and all those that had follow'd his Party for good and faithful Subjects restored them to their Estates and Commands Revoked all Judgments given against them Confirmed all such as had been made by the Members of Parliament and Presidial Courts of that Party Year of our Lord 1598 Moreover he gave the Duke Two hundred thirty six thousand Crowns Reparations month April for his Warlike Expences and Seventeen thousand Crowns Pension Besides this a permission to sell of the Corn that was in store to the value of Fifty thousand Crowns The keeping of the Castles of Guingamp Montemort and Lamballe Pass-ports for the Spaniards who lay in the River of Nantes to retire and power to keep the Places and Forces he then had till a Month after the Verification of this Edict Not to mention several other the like Conditions as those granted in the Edict for the Duke of Mayenne The Price of so honourable a Treaty was his Daughter whom the King in few days betrothed to his Son Caesar He had legitimated and enriched him with the Dutchy of Vendosine to be by him held with the same Rights and Advantages as the preceding Dukes had enjoy'd and with a promise to give him within four years wherewith to redeem all its Lands that had been alienated Which the Parliament verified without drawing any consequence for such other Lands as were of the Kings Patrimony which by the Laws of the Kingdom were re-united to the Crown from the moment he attained it The Treaty made the Duke of Mercoeur came to Anger 's to salute the King who received him as his Sons Father in Law The Contract for this future Marriage was sealed in the Castle belonging to the said Town and the Fiancailles or Betrothings were celebrated in the same place with as much Pomp as if he had been a Son of France The Cardinal de Joyeuse not disdaining to perform the Ceremony From Anger 's the King descended to Nantes and from thence went to Renes where the Estates of Bretagne were held He fojourned about two Months in those two Cities employing that time in putting every thing in good order for the quiet and security of the Province and collecting Twelve hundred thousand Crowns the greatest part whereof was given him by the Estates of that Country Whilst he was at Nantes he finished the business of the Huguenots Their Deputies being come to him at Blois he made them follow him thither and had put them off till after his Treaty with the Duke of Mercoeur That Treaty being perfected he would yet have made some further delay but they press'd it so home that he could scarce find any reasonable Excuse And besides he apprehended lest their despair should in the end put them upon some undertaking that might retard the Peace with Spain and give the Leaguers a plausible pretence to re-unite and take up Arms again This Consideration above any thing else obliged him to grant them the Edict which from the name of that Town is called the Edict of Nantes Year of our Lord 1598 It contains Ninety two Articles which are almost the same as those in the foregoing Edicts granted to them but it is more advantageous in that it opens them a Door to Offices of Judicature and Finance There were added fifty six other Articles which are called Secret the most important being that which left them several Places of Security besides all those they already held This Edict is that Safe-guard under which they have lived to this very hour in security and quiet and freely enjoy'd the Exercise of their Religion The King durst not send it to the Parliament to be verified till the Legat were out of the Kingdom so that it came not thither till the following year They labour'd incessantly at Vervins about the Peace the French did not insist so much now on Cambray although they had not yet passed by that Article The Arch-Duke impatient to consummate his Marriage with the Infanta Clara-Eugenia hastned as much as possible he could the grave pace of the Spaniard and obliged his Deputies to step over many trivial things Had it not been for the Allies of France the Treaty had been finished in less then three weeks The King demanded a two Months Cessation of Arms for them that they might send their Ambassadors the Spaniards refused it absolutely and upon this Contest the violent Spirits belonging to eithers Court the chief Commanders of their Armies and those that desired troubled Waters did not fail to press for a Rupture with all their might and interest but it availed nothing the two Princes were of a contrary disposition In the mean time the English Ambassadors arrived at Court which as then was at Nantes they did not shew themselves much averse to the Peace for the difficulties did not concern them but the States from whom they had Orders not to separate Now those would have none at all knowing too well the Peace could not be made without some prejudice to their liberty for which they had fought almost thirty years and without which they neither valued their Estates nor Lives chusing rather therefore to hazard all then to lose the Recompence of so much Labour Blood and Treasure One thing besides confirmed them yet more in this generous Resolution which was a Dispatch they intercepted coming from the King of Spain which gave his Deputies Order not to comprise them unless upon Condition to restore the Roman Religion over all their Country to reduce it to an absolute Obedience and fill up all Offices with Catholick Magistrates Year of our Lord 1598 Whereupon there were no Efforts no Offers but they made to the King to persuade month April him to continue
knew of it but then defended himself so poorly that they had just cause at least to accuse him of Cowardize The Duke of Savoy believed he might sleep quietly upon the Security of this Fortress and that of Montmelian They were both accounted impregnable the one because it was very regular the other for its odd situation for it stood upon a lofty Rock very steep on every side with Bastions not Mine-able a Fosse or dry Ditch hewn out of the quick Stone the Ground about it the same and cover'd with pointed Mountains which seemed accessible to none but the winged Inhabitants of the Air so that it was thought impossible either to make any Trenches or to raise Batteries This place was really well enough furnished but the Governor who was the Marquiss de Brandis of the House de Montmajor wanted Resolution The other on the contrary wanted almost every thing especially Provisions but in recompence was provided with a Commander who was very brave and resolved to all Extremities They called him the Chevalier de Bouvens Year of our Lord 1600 The taking of the City of Bourg was followed with all those of Bresse and the Country of Bugey Grillon with a Party of the Regiment of Guards seized on the Suburbs of Chambery The King going thither in Person the Count de Jacob month August who Commanded in the City capitulated to Surrender within Three days if it were not relieved The fear of being Plundred obliged the Inhabitants to anticipate the said term and open their Gates the very next day Miolans and Conflans made little resistance the Floods of Rain and difficulty of carrying their great Guns in a Country scarce passable for Carts defended that of Charbonnieres near Fifteen dayes But as soon as their Cannon had batter'd it in a place which seemed a Rock and was not so it was taken by assault the Nineteenth month Septemb. day of September After this Success Lesdiguieres push'd directly to Sainct John de Maurienne made himself Master of all that Valley to the foot of Mount Cenis Then entring into Tarantaise made them bring him the Keys of Briancon Monstiers and Sainct Jaquemont The report of these so sudden Conquests extreamly astonished the Pope The Spanish Ambassador solicited him most instantly that he would interpose his Authority to stop the King's Progress both these apprehended almost equally not the Ruin of the Duke of Savoy but that the French should have Passage to enter into Italy The Pope was therefore over-persuaded to send his Nephew the Cardinal Aldobrandin to the King in the quality of Legate with order to use all possible means to procure an accommodation It was much wondred at in the mean while that the Duke of Savoy did not go about to resist so Puissant an Enemy but on the contrary past his time at Turin in Dancing and making Love as if he had rested in the bosom of a profound Peace We cannot tell whether he relyed on the intercession of the Pope assistance from Spain the effect of some great Conspiracy or the event of some vain Predictions which assured him That in the Month of September there should be no King in France which proved true for he was then in Savoy Now when he found that all these failed him that the Citadel of Bourg was invested that of Montmelian formally Besieged and the Fort Sainct Catherine block'd up he began to awaken and draw his Forces together He promised himself that the Citadel of Montmelian would hold out at least Six Months believing the Heart of Brandis as well fortified as the place In effect that Marquiss did at first triumph in words as imagining they could raise no Batteries to Attaque him But when Rosny had found the way to plant them in four or five places for what cannot Money Ingenuity and Labour bring to pass his Bravery sunk on a sudden He permitted his Wife to hold Conversation with the Wife of Rosny and his Fears encreasing every hour he capitulated the month October Fourteenth of October to Surrender the Place upon the Sixteenth of November if it were not relieved within that time Upon which Design the Duke parted from Turin with Ten thousand Foot Four thousand five hundred Arquebusiers on Horseback and Eight hundred Maisires month October passed by the Valley of Aouste and along the little Sainct Bernard then came and encamped at Aixme The King went to meet him as far as Monstiers and had fought him but for the great Snow which fell in the Night and made a Barricade betwixt the two Armies The Duke needed but have made a Diversion towards Provence But Four thousand Spaniards lent him by Fuentes refused to go any further than Sainct Bernards and Albigny Lieutenant General of the Duke's Army had much ado to make them stay there to guard that Passage Mean time the timidity of Brandis had so infected the Courage of his Soldiers that there was no Spirit left amongst them For some out of fear did precipitate themselves from the Rocks to escape and the rest could scarce endure to stand under their own Arms and wanted even the Confidence to fire upon the Enemy Nay more Having suffer'd the French by small Parties to enter the Place they were found to be so numerous as to be able to Master them and could have turned them out So that having suffer'd himself to be reduced to this Condition he was forced to anticipate the term of the Capitulation and began to dislodge upon the Ninth day of November month Novemb. In the Place were found Provisions for above Four Months Thirty Pieces of Cannon mounted and Amunition enough for Eight thousand shot He talked a long time with the King in the Cloister belonging to the Dominicans and that same Night treated Rosny and Crequy with a Supper in his own House He afterwards Year of our Lord 1600 retired into France where his Cowardize was opprobrious even amongst the most Cowardly he took Sanctuary at Brandis in Swisserland and some while after was apprehended at Casal and carried Prisoner to Turim The Legate would not stir from Rome till the Ambassador of Spain had promis'd him in Writing the King his Master should agree to such Treaty as he could make and recall his Forces if the Duke proved obstinately contrary Passing by Milan he got the like Writing from the Count de Fuentes and the Duke whom he saw at Turin promised to stand to what he should think convenient His coming did not make the French put up their Swords the King would not see him till he was Master of Montmelian and the Five and twentieth of November coming to Chambery to receive him he refused to hear any thing of an accommodation month Novemb. or a Truce he only permitted the Dukes Deputies these were Francis d'Arconnas Count de Touzaine and René de Lucinge des Alymes Chief Steward of his Houshold should salute him then sent him to confer with Villeroy and at the same instant went
the cause felt in himself the Symptomes of that unhappiness which threatned him One would have said he had the Dagger already in his bosom He was often heard to send forth doleful sighs and words of ill presage the Heavens and Earth if we may give faith to such things did also afford him some very sinister ones It was observed that some days before the May which had been Planted in the Court-Yard of the Louvre was faln down of it self A Star appeared visibly at Noon-day in the Year 1609. the year preceding that a great Comet had been seen and the Loire over-flow'd most furiously as it had done a while before the violent deaths of the two Kings Henry II. and Henry III. The same year likewise the Inhabitants of Angoulmois both Gentry and Peasants affirmed they had beheld a frightful prodigy it was a fantastique Army which seemed to consist of about eight or ten thousand Men with Ensigns party-colour'd of blew and red Drummers ready to beat and a Commander of great appearance at the head of them who having Marched upon the Earth for above a League together lost himself in a Wood. It was about two years past that a Priest found upon an Altar at Montargis a Ticket which gave notice the King would be Assassinated And about the same time two Gentlemen of Gascogny of different places and of different Religions came expresly to Court to advertise him of the doleful and pressing Visions they affirmed to have had upon the same subject Of three or four of his Horoscopes terminated his life in his fifty seventh year Divers Prognosticators amongst others he who had otherwhile foretold the Duke of Mayenne the Murther of the Duke of Guise his Brother and the loss of the Battel of Ivry advertis'd him of an approaching and very sudden danger There was one so bold as to tell the Queen that Festival would conclude in Mourning and in Tears and that Princess starting one night out of her sleep weeping told the King she dreamt they were stabbing him with a Knife Himself was not ignorant that the number of the years of his Reign according as a Magician had computed to Queen Catherine de Medicis were even almost accomplished and he had some kind of confused knowledge of divers Conspiracies which were hatching against his person He in his life time had discovered above fifty many contrived or fomented by Church-men or some of the religious Orders such pernicious effects does indiscreet zeal produce but he could not avoid this last his hour was come and it seems all the former warnings which Heaven gave him were not so much to save him from the fatal blow as to make men certainly see and understand that there is a Soveraign Power ☜ which disposes of futurity Since it so certainly knows and fore-tells it month May. It had been a long time this execrable Monster named Francis Ravaillac had formed this resolution to Murther him He was a Native of Angoulesme Aged about two and thirty years Son of a Man belonging to the Law living at that time In the beginning he had follow'd the Trade of his Father then ran into a Convent of the Fueillans and was a Novice there but they thrust him out Year of our Lord 1610 for his extravagant whimsies Some while after he was imprisoned for a Murther of which notwithstanding he was never convicted being freed from thence he began anew to sollicite Law-Suits of which he had lost one in his own name for an Estate and Succession insomuch as he was reduced to turn Pedant and teach the poor peoples Children in the City of Angoulesme The austerity of the Cloister the obscurity of his Prison the loss of his process and the extreme necessity whereunto he was reduced confounded his judgment and irritated more and more his atrabilary humour From his early youth the Frenzies of the League their Libels and the Factious Sermons of their Ignivomous and Sanguinary Pulpiteers had imprinted in his mind a very great aversion for the King with this belief That it was lawful to kill those who brought the Catholick Religion into danger or made a War upon the Pope He was so very hot in these matters that he could not so much as hear any body pronounce the name of Huguenot but he fell into a fury Those that had premeditated to ridd themselves of the King finding this instrument so proper to act their Design knew very well how to confirm him in his Sentiments they had people at their beck who haunted him eternally though he knew not their intents who caused him to be instructed by their Doctors and enchanted him with supposed Visions and the other the like diabolical Arts. There are proofs that they carried him as far as Naples where in an Assembly at the Vice-Roy's Palace he met with many others who had all devoted themselves to the same end They made him come from Angoulesme to Paris two or three times in fine they managed and guided him so well to their liking and purpose that by his sacrilegious hand they perpetrated the detestable resolutions of their own wicked and accursed hearts The day after that of the Queens entrance the King was to have made the Marriage of Mademoiselle de Vandosme the eldest of his natural Daughters and the following day the Feast then the next Morning to mount on Horse-back and go to his Army But on the Evening of the Day of Entrance which was a Friday a little before four of the Clock as he was going to the Arsenal without Guards to confer with the Duke of Sully an Embarrass of certain Carts having stopt his Coach in the midst of the Street de la Feronerie and his Valets or Foot-men passing under the Channels of Sainct Innocents this Devil incarnate stept upon a spoak of one of the hind Wheels and advancing his Body into the Coach gave him two stabbs in the Breast with a Knife the first glanced along the fifth and sixth Ribb and did not enter his Body but the second cut the Arterial Vein above the Ventricle of the heart so that the Blood bursting forth with impetuosity choacked him in a moment he not being able to utter one word It had been foretold him he should die in a Coach so that upon the least jolt he would cry out as if he beheld the Grave open'd ready to swallow him But yet imagin'd he had escaped the effect of that prediction after two great hazards he run thorow the one at his going to visit the Dutchess of Beaufort the other in the Ferry-boat of Nully whereof we have made mention So strange an amazement and terror seized upon those who were present at this Tragical Accident that if Ravaillac had but dropt his Knife they could not then have discover'd him but being taken holding it yet in his hand he owned the Fact as boldly as if he had performed some Heroique Action There were two things then observed
Heresies already sowed in France For Anno 1492. the Morrow after Corpus-Christi Day a Priest who was hearing Mass at Nostre Dame snatched away the Host from the Celebrator after the Consecration and cast it on the ground to trample it under foot And in Anno 1502. a Picard Scholar Native of Abbeville committed the like Fact on Saint Lewis's Day in the Holy Chappel Both were seized immediately and some days after burnt alive in the Market aux Cochons without any signs of Repentance the first having his Tongue torn out the second his Hand cut off upon the very place where they brake the holy Wafer King Lewis XII having a great contest with Pope Julius II. demanded a general Council to reform the Church both in its Head and in its Members and caused one to be assembled at Pisa by the Suggestion and with the assistance of certain Cardinals dissatisfied with that Pope The said Council was soon driven from thence and retired to Milan from whence they were likewise forced to remove and came to end their days at Lyons That whole Affair was very ill managed the Pope opposed him with another Council which he assembled at Lateran and this being grown the more powerful did in the end constrain Lewis XII to renounce his and those Cardinals and Bishops that had been the Promoters of it to humble themselves before his Holiness to obtain Absolution The Officers of the Parliament of Provence having been all excommunicated by the Pope in this Council because they had hindred the execution of his Orders if they had not approved of the others and because they acted daily several things which in those times were taken to be designs The King desired they might submit and that Lewis de Souliers his Ambassadour to the Council having their special Procuration should in their Name formally disown all they had done against the Liberties of the Church against the respect due to the Holy See promise that for the future they would be more circumspect that they should ratifie this Submission within four Months and that he should desire their Absolution which was granted them The same Council had likewise cited the Prelates of France to come and shew the reasons why they still justified and maintained the Pragmatique It is probable they would to his Decrees have opposed or alledged the Liberties of the Gallican Church but Francis I. very far from supporting them did himself abandon that which his Predecessors had defended with so much resolution and firmness and passed or agreed to the Concordat with Leo X. of which we have made mention in the year 1516. The smart of so great and desperate a wound made the Clergy the Parliament and the University cry out in vain those two great Powers being now joyned together valued not their Complaints The Clergy had protested to take all Opportunities for the making of Remonstrances to the King for the Re-establishment of Elections this they pursued very well four or five times under King Henry III. and Henry IV. but at length they grew weary whether believing they were no longer obliged to labour to no end or that several of the Bishops gave it over in Charity to themselves as ☜ knowing they should never have attained the Preferments they enjoy'd if the right of Elections had been restored The Authors of the Novel Opinions spared no pains to convey and plant their Doctrines in the remotest Provinces Printing was a great help to bring their Works to light and make them spread the Zealots were at the charge of Printing and Dispersing them and the Country Pedlers whom they paid very well had always some of these new-fashion Wares in their Packs which they shewed for great Rarities to the curious and inquisitive Their Disciples crept into the Universities where under colour of teaching the Law or Greek or Hebrew they instilled their Doctrine into the hearts of the younger fry Others more polite and more dexterous insinuated into the Society of Women and studied to gain their favour that they might gain their belief Thus they gained an Absolute Power over Anne de Pisseleu Dutchess d'Estampes Mistriss of Francis I. over Margaret Queen of Navarre and over Renée of France Daughter of good King Lewis XII There were others who endeavour'd to get into the Houses of such Bishops as they believed to be most susceptible of their fancies James le Fevre Native of Estaples a little Town in Boulonois who was not Doctor in Divinity at Paris as many will have it at least he is not to be found in the Registry of that Faculty William Farel a Daufinois Arnold and Gerard Roussel Picards fell in about the year 1523. with William Briconnet Bishop of Meaux and entangled his Mind so with those dangerous Opinions that he began to own and Preach them There was the same year in that City a Wool-Comber by Name John le Clere who had the Impudence to say That the Pope was the Anti-Christ he was Whipped for it by the hands of the Hang-man and Banished the Kingdom This Punishment corrected him not he went to Mets to vend his Wares and was there Burnt for having broken down some Images Lewis Berquin Artesian by Birth a powerful Genius according to the Sentiment of Erasmus suffer'd a like Death at Paris the One and twentieth of April in Anno 1528. Now the Bishop of Meaux being charged with the Crime of Heresie retracted upon the first Admonition having before-hand sent away his Doctors amongst whom Arnold was so terribly scared that he continued a good Catholick ever after Gerard made his escape to Luther Farel went to Zuinglius at Zurich and le Fevre to Nerac to Queen Margaret The two others came also thither some time after and there began to form a new Church wherein they used no Mass nor observed the Canonical hours for Prayer but communicated by taking Bread and Wine and giving it to all that were present in the same manner said they as Jesus Christ and the Apostles had practised Before and after they made Sermons wherein they explained the Word of God They called it Preaching and their way of taking the Eucharist Manducation The Queen went amongst them and sometimes led her Husband thither who was very submissive to her Will and no less Zealous against the Authority of the Pope because that had furnished the Spaniard with a fair pretence to Invade the Kingdom of Navarre In the mean time Anthony Duprat Archbishop of Sens Cardinal and Legate Year of our Lord 1528 employ'd the whole Authority both of the Church and King to restrain this licentiousness he assembled a Provincial Council in the City of Paris Anno 1528. where appeared Six of his Suffragants and a Delegate from the Seventh They there propounded the Catholick Doctrines and condemned Luther's they Prohibited all Nocturnal Assemblies and the Reading of any Heretical Books with Excommunication against them their Abettors and Adherers On their part
had been adjudged to a Lady as being given her in Dower with an express Declaration that after her Decease the Heirs should enjoy it in equal proportions That many Bishopricks were without Bishops and their Goods usurped by prophane Persons that of neer eight hundred Abbeys to which the King named there were not an hundred Titulary or Commendatory Abbeys and that of those the greater part did but only lend their names to others who in effect enjoy'd the Revenue Thus were the Churches without Pastors the Monasteries without Religious Votaries the Votaries without Discipline the Temples and Sacred Places fallen to ruine and converted to Dens of Thieves When the Clergy perceived they were thus left a prey to all the World and that the Licentiousness of a Civil War exposed their Goods to the first occupier the Catholicks falling on them with no less greediness then the Huguenots they endeavour'd to re-unite themselves for their own security and the Bishops were forced to reside in their Bishopricks if not to feed their Flocks yet at least to preserve wherewith to feed themselves Before this necessity they ran from them as dismal Solitudes the divertisements of Paris and Servitude at Court were a more pleasing exercise History observes how Anno 1560. John de Montluc Bishop of Valence speaking his mind freely one day in the Kings Council complained how forty had been seen at once in Paris wallowing in all manner of Debaucheries and Idleness Therefore the Parliament enjoyned them by a Decree to return to their Bishopricks and to perform their Duties otherwise they should be constrained to it by Seizure of their Goods and Equipage But perhaps considering after what way they lived there for the most part their absence might be less scandal to their Flocks then their residence ☜ would have proved In this Age were not made any new Orders of Monks I shall however mention that of the Minimes which began in the precedent Saint Francis a Native of Paolo in Calabria was the Institutor of it and did plant it in France at the time he was called thither by King Lewis XI Pope Sixtus IV. approved it in 1473. And Julius II. Confirmed it in 1506. All those of the Mendicants renewing their Ancient Fervour and Discipline some sooner others later begot divers Reformations That of Saint Francis which hath ever been more abounding than any other in diversity of Habits and Observations of Rules produced three new Branches that of the Capucines that of the Recollects and that of the Piquepusses That of the Augustines did likewise produce one which is the Hermites of Saint Augustine as the Carmelites also produced the Congregation of those named Deschaux I pass by in silence that of the Dominicans or Jacobins Reformed and that of the Augustins deschaussez or Barefooted forasmuch as they belong to the Seventeenth Age. And to speak first of the Recollects we must know that there having been at divers times many different Congregations in the Order of Saint Francis who vaunted each the observing the Rule of their Patriarch in its greatest purity and simplicity Leo X. had ordained that they should all be comprised and reduced into one under the name of the Reformed That notwithstanding there were yet many more of them who affected to be more rigid then the rest and to observe the Rule litterally pursuant to the Declarations of Nicholas III. and Clement V. That in the year 1531. Clement VIII caused certain Convents to be assigned by the Superiors of the Order where they placed those that had the Spirit of Piety and Recollection for which cause they were named Recollects The Cities of Tulle in Limosin and of Murat in Awvergne were the first in France who allowed them any Convents some Religious Friers having brought this Reformation out of Italy about the year 1584. they had one at Paris at present they have in the several parts of the Kingdom neer an Hundred and fifty which are divided into seven Provinces The Original of the Capucins so named from the extraordinary form of their Capuchon or Hood was thus In the year 1525. a Frier Minor Observantin named Matthew de Basci of the Dutchy of Spoleta a Votary in the Convent de Montefalconi affirming that God had commanded him by a Vision to the exercise of a more severe Poverty and that he had shewed him the very manner how St. Francis was cloathed cut out a long pointed Hood or Capuche* and such a Habit as the Capucins now wear and retired himself into Solitude by permission of the Pope Some others prompted by the same Spirit joyned with him to the number of twelve The Duke of Florance gave them a Hermitage in his Territories and so by little and little his band increased to that number that in the year 1528. Pope Clement VII approved this Congregation under the name of Friers Minors Capucines Pope Paul III. confirmed it Anno 1536. with permission to settle in any place and gave them a Vicar General and Officers and Superiors Such as have believed that Bernardinus Ochius who Apostatized and went over into the Camp of the Philistins or Hereticks was the Institutor of so Holy a Congregation were very ill informed perhaps the advantage he had of being once their General and one of the first and most noted of those that embraced this Reformation hath caused the mistake In the Reign of Charles IX they were received into France and had first a Convent at Meudon which the Cardinal de Lorrain caused to be crected for them and another little one in the place called Piquepuz where now are the Religious Pentients of the Tiers or third Order of Saint Francis King Henry III. transferr'd them from that place into a Convent he caused to be Built for them in the Faux-burg Sanct Honoré They have nine Provinces in this Kingdom and above four hundred Convents The Tiers Order of St. Francis named the Penitents were in the beginning only a Congregation of Secular Persons both of the one and the other Sex but some while after they were made regular Now in the following Ages being extreamly relaxed one of the Society named Vincent Massart a Parisian undertook to Reform them about the year 1595. The first Convent of this Reformation was built in the Village of Franconville between Paris and Pontoise and the second in the place called Piquepuz at the end of the Faux-burg Saint Antoine whence the vulgar hath named them * Piquepusses This Order is divided in four Provinces and hath about three-score Convents Pope Eugenius IV. having thought fit to mitigate the Rule of the Carmelites the said mitigation having made them fall into a too great relaxation Saincte Theresia a Nun of this Order in the Convent of Auilla in Castille the place of her Birth brought them again to their former Austerity She began with the Sisters for whom she built a Monastery at Avile Afterwards she undertook to restore the Men likewise
763 Send Deputies to King Henry III. to proffer him the Government of the Country 769 d'Estree beloved of Henry IV. goes to the Siege of Amiens the murmurings of the whole Army obliges her to quit the Camp 859 Sollicites the King to marry her 869 Her death 871 Europe began to be more enlightned in the 16th Age. Chu 16 th Age. F FAbian Son of Blaise de Montluc assists his Brother Bertrand in his Design for the East-Indies 701 Famagusta the Capital City of Cyprus gainedby the Turks 713 Federick Marquiss of Baden assists the King against the Huguenots 710 Ferdinand Emperour Brother of Charles V. 692 His death ib. Flemmings cannot endure the Inquisition 695 Final taken by the Spaniards 893 Florida whence the Name 700 Florence Duke assists the Duke of Nevers to seize upon Marseilles 769 la Force Massacred at the Saint Bartholomews 720 His Son Escapes ib. Fort Charles in Florida built by the Spaniards and taken by Dowinique de Gourgues 701 Fra Paolo otherwise Pol Soaue writes for the Republique of Venice against the Pope 926 Is like to be Murthered 928 France in Civil War for Religion 679 Hath always the preference before Spain 685 Afflicted with two most cruel Maladies 757 Their King essentially most Christian 798 Francis I. settles the Art of making Silk in Poitou 904 Was not severe against the Huguenots Church 16 th Age. Recalls his Legats from the Councel of Trent ib. Francis II. King of France 657 Falls Sick 670 His Death and Burial 671 Franche-Comte attaqued by the French 842 Promised to Biron with a Daughter of Spain 884 Given to Isabella Clara Eugenia Infanta of Spain 869 Conditions of that Donation ib. Frisia gives all Power to the Prince of Orange 751 Fuentes Governor of the Low-Countries 843 Besieges Cambray 847 Gains a Victory upon the French 847 Obliges Prince Maurice to raise the Siege of Grol 848 Takes Cambray and does not make an ill use of his Victory over the French ibid. Personal Enemy of Henry IV. 878 Fulgentius writes for the Venetians against the Pope 926 G GAbriella d'Estreé beloved of Henry IV. assists at the Ceremony of his Conversion 832 Gantois hate the French and the Roman Religion 762 Gascons in Dispute with the Provenceaux 825 Gaspard Bishop of Modena Nuncio in France 871 Delegated to take cognisance of the Nullity of Marriage of Henry IV. and Margaret of Valois 871 Geneva the Duke of Savoy endeavours to seize it 802 Withdraw from their Obedience to the Bishop Church 16 th Age. Call in Calvin and Farel to be their Pastors ib. Is as it were the Pontifical seat of Calvinisme ib. Gerard Balthazar a Franc-Comtois Emissary of the Spaniards Kills the Prince of Orange with a Pistol 767 Gondi the Cardinal confers with Biron 806 Golf of Venice the Ceremonies used there at the Reception of Henry III. 733 Gregory XIII Pope regulates the Calender 761 Gregory XIV declared an Enemy of the Peace and Union of the Church Enemy of the King and of the State 815 His death 818 Grisons renew the Alliance with Henry IV. 892 Quit the Roman Religion Chur. 16 th Age. Guiche the Countess beloved by the King of Navarre 773 Angry at the King 's forsaking her she endeavours to debauch his Sister 814 Guienne acknowledges Henry IV. 824 Guises make themselves Masters at Court under Francis II. 657 c. Duke of Guise possesses the whole favour of Francis II. 660 The Huguenots would ceaze him to make his Process 665 Fortifies himself with the Name of the King 669 Causes the Prince to be apprehended and prosecuted 670 Gains the Battle of Dreux 686 And makes the Prince Prisoner ib. His Courtesie and Gallantry ib. Lays Siege to Orleans 887 Is assassinated by Paltrot ib. Justifies himself of the Murther at Vassy 887 His Praises ib. Guise Duke returns into France with his Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain 692 Defends Poitiers bravely and acquires much reputation 706 Is the Principal Author of the Saint Bartholomew 717 Is made the Chief to execute that Massacre 718 Declares for the League and seizes on the Cardinal of Bourbon 768 The Pope compares him to the Machabees 784 Has several Advertisements given him of his Danger 786 Is assassinated by the Order of Henry III. at the Estates of Blois ib. His Body is burnt by Richelieu 787 Guise the Cardinal bears the Cross in a Procession 764 Would make himself Master of Normandy 781 Is hindred by the Duke of Espernon ib. Guise Duke before Prince of Joinville made Prisoner at the Death of his Father 787 Escapes out of Prison 817 Is attaqu'd near Abbeville by King Henry IV. 821 Aspires to the Crown 832 Kills Saint Pol Governor of Reims and makes his accommodation with Henry IV. 841 Reduces Marseilles to obedience of the King 852 Gustavus Ericson introduces the Confession of Ausburgh in Sweden 913 H. HAinaut suffers scarcity 760 Hampton-Court the place in England where the Treaty between Queen Elizabeth and the Huguenots was concluded 683 Havre de Grace deliver'd to the English ibid. Besieged by the French Surrendred 689 Henry d'Angoulesme Bastard Brother to Charles IX has Order from the King to kill the Duke of Guise 712 Henry of Navarre Espouses Margaret of Valois 717 Generosity of that Prince who refuses to kill the Sole Heir of the Kingdom 740 Hates his Wife who hath as little Love for him 750 Henry III. is kill'd on the same day and at the same place where he advised the Massacre of St. Bartholomew 795 Henry Cardinal Archbishop of Evora King of Portugal after the death of Sebastian 752 Henry grand Prior of France Bastard Brother to the King 753 Henry III. King of France and of Poland 737 Leaves Poland 732 Makes his Entrance into Paris 739 Hates the House of Guise 745 Loves the Princess of Condé 757 Forms the design of putting the Duke of Guise to death 780 Besieges Paris reduces it to extremity and is kill'd at Sainct Cloud 795 Heemskerk Admiral for the States of the United Provinces attaques the Spanish Flota is slain his death glorious 790 Henry IV. his coming to the Crown 797 Gains the Battle of Ivry 705 Besieges Rouen 821 820 Beats up the Duke of Guise's Quarters at Abbeville 821 Opposes at Fontaine-Francoise and bears the brunt of the whole Spanish Army and gives proofs of his Heroick Courage 845 Receives his absolution from Rome 849 His consternation upon the loss of Amiens 858 Regains that Town in Sight of the Arch-Duke 862 Demands of the Duke of Savoy the Restitution of the Marquisate of Salusses 876 His Marriage with Mary de Medicis 885 Does what he can possibly to save Biron and in fine leaves him to the Law 895 Loves the Princess of Condé and is ready almost to declare War against the Arch-Duke upon her occasion 936 c. Forms the Design to pull down the House of Austria 938 His Wife Mary de Medicis Crowned 941 Is Murthered 942 Predictions of his death 941
His Wives his Mistresses and his Children 943 944 His praise ibid. Henry Duke of Bar Successor of Charles Duke of Lorraine 940 Marries in his Fathers Life-time with Catherine Sister of Henry IV. 868 Henrietta Charlotta Daughter of the Connestable de Montmorency inspires Henry the IV. with the Love of her who marries her to the Prince of Condé and he carries her into Flanders 936 A Design is formed to steal her away and bring her back into France 937 Hercules II. Duke of Ferrara 862 Holland Leagues against Spain 756 Hospital of Saint Lewis to entertain such as are infected with the Plague 911 L' Hoste Nicholas discovers the Secrets of France 908 The Spaniards make him betray his King and his Master de Villeroy whose Servant he was ibid. Drowned in the Marne upon his Flight 909 L'Hostel de Ville or Town-Hall of Paris gives Fifty thousand Crowns to him that should kill the Admiral de Coligny 690 Huguenots Original of that Name 667 General Massacre of them at the Saint Bartholomew's 718 Acknowledg Henry IV. for King and maintain him in his Right 979 Their suspitions of him after his Conversion 855 860 Forsake him at the Siege of Amiens 860 Apprehend a Saint Bartholomews in the Camp ibid. Were formerly called Sacramentaries Church 16 th Age. Paul Huraud de l'Hospital Archbishop of Aix Excommunicates the Councellors of Parliament Church 16 th Age. I. THe Count de Jacob renders the City of Bourg 882 James King of Scotland is proclaimed King of England after the death of Queen Elizabeth 903 Holds his first Parliament at London 911 They conspire against his person and intend to blow up the House of Parliament at Westminster 919 Consequence of that Fougade 920 Jannizaries mutiny against Amurat III. retard his Enterprizes 887 888 Jarnac the place where was fought the Famous Battle of that Name 714 Jane Queen of Navarre is cited by the Pope to appear at Rome if not her Lands and Estates are proscribed Church 16 th Age. Brings her Son Henry of Navarre and Henry Prince of Condé to the Huguenots after the loss of the Battle of Jarnac and re-assures their Spirits by her Exhortations 705 Comes to Court by the perswasions of the Admiral and under the Pretence of the Marriage of her Son to the King's Sister 716 Telligny is sent to her for that purpose 715 Dies by over-heating her self or rather of poyson 716 Jesuites turned out of France with Infamy 843 Are restored maugre the oppositions of the Parliament and their Remonstrances by the first President 907 Are accused of the Conspiracy of the Powder-Plott against James King of England 920 Purge themselves of it ibid. Impost that hath ever increased since its first beginning 676 Impost upon Wines compared to the Crocodile for its growth ibid. Joyeuse loses the Battle of Coutras with his Life 778 Joyeuse Cardinal sent to Rome by the Duke of Mayenne to Treat concerning the Conversion of King Henry IV. 833 Serves the Republique of Venice most Wonderfully in their accommodation with the Pope Isabella of France marries the King of Spain 659 Isabella de la Paix espouses Philip II. King of Spain 692 Enterview between Catherine de Medicis her Mother and the said Princess 693 Is poysoned by her Husband though great with Child 700 Isabella Infanta of Spain marries the Arch-Duke Albertus her Father gives her the Low-Countries in favour of this Marriage 869 Conditions of the said Donation ib. Issoire given to the Huguenots for a place of Security 743 Judges ordained to inform about the Assassinate committed on the person of the Admiral de Coligny 718 K. JOhn Kepler a Learned Mathematician 911. Kermartin kills the Marquiss de Belle-Isle 852 The Widdow attempts upon his Life 870 Kervan-Saray Turkish Hospitals Koburg a Family issued of John Frederic Duke of Saxony 938 Korneburgh a Gate of Antwerp seized by the Duke of Anjou's Men. 762 L. LAffin Favorite of the Duke of Anjou 744 Debauches the Mareschal de Biron 878 Betrayes Biron 894 Reveals all to the King ibid. Landriane sent into France to support the League 845 His ill conduct ibid. Lansac Ambassadour of France at the Council of Trent yields somewhat to the Spaniard upon the Sollicitation of the Cardinal de Lorraine 685 Lerma Duke Minister of Spain hinders the War between France and Spain 889 Lieutenant General of the Kingdom a Title given by Francis II. to the Duke of Guise 665 The Parisians give it to the Duke of Mayenne under Henry III. 790 Is granted by Catherine de Medicis to the King of Navarre 671 Limoges holds their Obedience to Henry III. 791 Livron besieged 738 Defends it self bravely 739 Loire a design to joyn the River of Loire to the Saone 911 Longueville Duke undertakes to go and beseech Henry IV. to make himself Christian and then desists 798 His Death 845 Cardinal Lorraine Crowns Charles IX 674 Goes to Rome after the death of Pius V. 716 Is called the Pope on the other side the Alpes 684 His death 739 Louchali retires from the Battle of Lepanto with Two and thirty Galleys 714 Louis King of Sicilia first Founder of the Order of the Holy Ghost 753 Louis XI Institutor of the Order of Saint Michael 754 Louis XIV obliges Philip IV. to renounce the precedency under his hand-writing 685 Louis XII causes the Council of Pisa to assemble Church 16 th Age. Louisa Daughter of Nicholas de Vaudemont marries Henry III. 739 Louviers taken at Noon-day by Biron 815 Ludovic of Nassaw sent to the King by the Admiral 715 They render him the Castle of Orange ibid. Enters the Low-Countries and surprizes Mons. 716 Lusignan Castle reputed impregnable and famous by the Fables of Melusine taken by Teligny 706 Luther Martin an Augustine Monk Church 16th Age. His defects ibid. Casts away his Frock and marries ib. Dies at Islebe ibid. Luxemburgh Sebastian defends the Port of Leith against the English 662 Lyons taken by the Huguenots 680 Deliver'd from Eminent dangers of Ice are ungrateful 930 M. JOhn Mason first Huguenot Minister at Paris Church 16th Age. Maderes taken by the French 701 Maestricht taken by the Duke of Parma Mailly Brezé Philip Captain of the Guard du Corps Seizes the Prince of Condé at the Estates of Orleans 670 Malta besieged by the Turks 693 Mancicidor Secretary of King Philip for the affairs of War deputed for to make the Peace with the United Provinces 931 Margaret of Lorraine Mother of Mary Stuart Governeth Scotland 662 Margaret Dutchess of Savoy her Councels to Henry III. whose Aunt she was 733 Margaret Dutchess of Parma Governess of the Low-Countries her conduct 695 Margaret Daughter of France assists at the Assembly of Saint Germains under Charles IX 676 They propound to marry her to the King of Navarre 712 Her Marriage dissolved 876 Permitted to come to Paris an Accident that hapned to her at the Hostel de Sens her life 915 Margaret Queen of Navarre adheres to Calvinisme Church 16th Age.
869 Du Perron Cardinal made choice of to go to Rome to demand the Absolution of Henry IV. 848 Compleats the said important Affair 849 His Birth Church 16 th Age. Piali Bassa Admiral of the Forces sent by the Turk to Malta 693 Pius IV. takes the Alarm at a National Council in France 668 His Vanity Vide Chur. 16 th Age. Pius V. makes a League between the Spaniards and Venetians 715 De Piles valiantly defends Saint John d'Angely 708 Poissy the place of the famous Colloquy of that Name 676 Politiques a Faction Ch. 16 th Age. John Poltrot Meré Assassinates the Duke of Guise 687 Prodigles at the Deaths of Henry II. Henry III. and Henry IV. 941 Provinces-Vnited sollicite the French and the English to enter into a League 931 Pseffercon a Renegado Jew advises the Emperor to cause all the Jewish Books to be Burned Chur. 16 th Age. Writes against Renchin ib. Q QVarante of Paris chosen out of several Cities 788 Proclaim Charles Cardinal of Bourbon King 799 Quercy Appenage of Margaret of Valois 755 Quin̄ones Conde de Luna Ambassador of Spain at the Council of Trent disputes the precedency with France 685 John Quintin Speaker for the Clergy at the meeting of the Estates under Charles IX 673 Gives the Admiral Satisfaction 674 R RAbastains Besieged by Montluc where he was hurt 740 The Mareschal de Rais by his Practises hinders Rochel from receiving any relief from England 724 Rambouillet beats the leagued at Sablé and takes many Prisoners releases his Wife 807 Rasats a Faction under Henry III. 740 Rapin sent to Touloze by the Prince they make his Process 699 His death revenged 709 Reformed Religion at what time the Huguenots took that Title 743 Religion makes People undergo every thing 723 Makes even the very Women become couragious ib. La Renaudie chosen by the Huguenots to assemble those of their belief 665 Indiscreetly discovers his Design ib. Kills his Cousin and is Kill'd 666 Re-Union Edict given by Henry III. 783 Is sworn to by the King 784 Jo. Ribaud returns to Florida is ill treated by the Winds and worse yet by the Spaniards 700 Jo. Ribaud sent to Florida by the Admiral builds a Fort there and returns ib. His Men coming away after him are reduced to such Streights by Famine that they eat one of their Sick Company are relieved by the English ib. Rochel enters into the Huguenot Party 698 Fortifie themselves after the Saint Bartholomew 722 Is invested 723 Fortified by the Huguenots it defends its self wonderfully well ib. Rodolph King of the Romans Son of the Emperor Conducts Henry III. 733 Requesens Governor of the Low-Countries 750 Gains a famous Battle ib. A League against him ib. Rosny Surintendant of the Finances 840 Ambassador in England 903 Rosoy in Brie the Rendezvous of the Huguenots to surprize Charles IX at Monceaux 696 Rossius a Physician Hanged 825 De Roüet a Damoiselle beloved by the King of Navarre is cause of his Death 684 Rouen besieged by the Kings Army conducted by the King of Navarre and the Duke of Guise 683 Their Fort Saint Catherine taken by Assault ib. The City taken by Storm and Sacked ib. Besieged and quitted by Henry IV. 800 Roussel Francis May David surprizes the Castle of Vernueil and makes himself Master of the Town after a long Fight 682 N. de Roye Mother-in-Law to the Prince of Condé seized at the Estates of Orleans 670 Rybeirac Second in a Duel to Entragues the first Example of that kind 750 S. SAbellius his Errors in Vogue Sacierge Peter Chancellour under Lewis XII Church 16th Age. Sacramentaries a Name given to the Huguenots ib. Sagner Advoyer of Berne brings a Message for renewing of the Alliance with Henry IV. 898 Saint Cloud the place where Henry III. was lodged during the Siege of Paris and Murther'd 795 Sainte-Croix Marquess takes the Acores upon Don Antonio 760 His cruelty ib. Sainte Soulene draws off his Ships when they were ready to engage 760 They make his Process ib. Saint John d'Angely Besieged by the Duke of Anjou is taken after a rude Siege 708 Saint Luo Favorite of Henry III. forfeits his favour because he would undeceive his Master 772 Hurts the Prince of Condé to whom he afterwards Surrenders himself a Prisoner 778 Salsede Nicholas his Original his Treason and his Death 759 Salusses Marquisate seized by the Duke of Savoy 785 The King redemands it 870 Treaty for the exchange of it 887 Saveuse a brave Picard his death 793 Schomberg passes into Germany on behalf of Charles IX 716 Scbastian King of Portugal loses a Battle against the Moors 752 The Seize or the Sixteen Henry III. resolves to punish them 780 Sollicite the Duke of Guise to come to their assistance ib. Seize upon the Gates of Paris and elect the Duke of Aumale for their Governor 781 Will set up the Government of a Common-wealth or Republick Devote themselves to the Spaniard 814 Own the Duke of Guise for their Head 819 Cause some Presidents and Councellors to be Hanged ib. Obstruct the Reduction of Paris 836 Serini Count defends Liget bravely his generous Death 693 694 Sigismund of Austria King of Poland is infirm 715 Sixtus V. Pope his Ambition 792 Solyman enraged for having missed Malta falls upon Hungary 693 Dies before Ziget ib. Sonnas a Commander of the Savoy Forces that attempted to surprize Geneva is taken and Executed 900 Example of the extraordinary and unheard of Love of his Wife ib. James Spifame quits a Bishoprick to take a Wife Church 16 th Age. Strasburgh redoubles their Guards after the Saint Bartholomew 722 Strossi Cardinal makes a League 744 Surenne place of the famous Conference between the Royalists and the Parisians 830 The Swiss depute to Henry III. in favour of the Huguenots 774 Remain in the Service of Henry IV. 976 Are received and feasted at Paris 898 T TAlsy a place of Conference between the Queen and the Prince of Condé 678 Tanneguy du Chastel his Generosity and Acknowledgment 671 Tanguerel Batchellor of the Sorbonne Condemned by the Parliament for having maintained a Thesis against Kings 678 Tard-advisez rebels under Henry IV. 840 de Thiard a Poet and a Mathematician Church 16 th Age. de Thou Nicholas Bishop of Chartres Crowns Henry IV. 836 de Toledo Roderique General of the Milan Forces for the Duke of Savoy beaten and slain by Lesdiguieres 833 Truchard Maire of Rochel makes the Town enter into the Huguenots Party 698 Toloza exercises many Cruelties at the Saint Bartholomews and Hangs five Councellors 721 Henry de la Tour Vicount de Turenne Contriver of the Association of the Duke of Alenson the King of Navarre and the Prince of Condé 724 Is made Mareschal of France upon his Marriage with the Heiress of Sedan 818 Surprizes Stenay the Evening before his Nuptials ib. de Tournon Cardinal refuses to give place to the Princes of the Blood 676 Trans the Marquess his two Sons are slain 756 Tremblecour Commands the
Lorrain Forces 842 Triumvirate under Charles IX 681 Feared by the Queen ib. Troyes Abbot of Gastine hath his Head cut off by the Order of the Prince of Condé 683 Gebard Truchses Archbishop of Colen Marries Success of the said Mariage 766 c. Tunis Kingdom demanded by Catherine de Medicis for her Son 722 Turin rendred to the Duke of Savoy 675 V Du Vair a Councellor labours for the reduction of Paris 837 du Val Peter Bishop of Sees preaches some Sentiments very like to Calvinism 675 Valence assaulted in vain by the Huguenots 668 Valery Lands belonging to the Widow of the Mareschal de Saint André given to the Prince of Condé to continue his Love 689 La Valette a Favorite to Henry III. 737 Varade the Jesuit a great Enemy to Henry IV. is brought by the Cardinal de Piacenza 838 The Cardinal de Vendosme presides in the Council held at Tours 815 Venice receives Henry III. in a most gallant manner 733 Acknowledges Henry IV. for King of France 800 Venetians exclude the Ecclesiasticks from the Management of Affairs 661 James Vennes Maire of Dijon is beheaded 841 Vesins takes Montluc's great Cornet 722 Villars Governor of Rouen gives himself to the Guises 782 Makes a furious Salley upon the King's Army 821 Restores Rouen to the King and is made Admiral 839 Villa-franca taken by the Duke of Lorrain 812 Villegagnon sent to Florida by the Admiral Treats the Huguenots ill there 700 Villeroy Secretary of State retires from Court 780 Is made choice of for a Conference for the Conversion of the King 823 Sees the King who is very well satisfied with his Conduct ib. Viniosa the Count follows Don Antonio Prior of Crato King of Portugal 760 Vinon Besieged by the Duke of Savoy 817 Is bravely defended ib. W. Virtemberg Duke quits the Huguenots 679 Vitry refuses to Sign an accommodation for Religion with Henry IV. 798 Enters with some Forces into Paris 806 Hinders some that intended to open the Gates to the King 810 Makes his agreement with the King 835 Wolfang Duke of Deux-Ponts brings an Army into France 704 His March 705 Takes la Charité ib. His Death ib. The University Condemns Henry III. 788 Makes a Decree against Henry IV. 807 Declares Henry IV. unfit to come to the Crown ib. Assemble at Navarre to own Henry IV. 838 Warwick Ambrose Earl Governor of Havre de Grace Surrenders the Place 689 West-frizeland the Government is given to Prince Maurice 767 Vzez erected to a Dutchy and Pairie 730 Y YEure a River 836 Yonne a River 777 Yvetot place where the Dukes of Mayenne of Parma and Montemarcian were hemm'd in by Henry IV. 822 Yvry the Campagne or Field where was fought the famous Battle of that Name 705 Z ZAmet the famous Partisan under Henry IV. 871 Zelande League themselves against the Spaniards 757 Ziget a Fortress in Hungary attaqued by Solyman 693 Is gained ib. Zuinglius his Sect as much in Vogue as that of Luther Church 16 th Age. Zuniga Requesens Ambassador of Spain disputes for Precedency with the French and loses it 685 Zutphen Leagues against the Spaniards 757 FINIS * Pisatello * Countrey of Liege a Kempen in Brabant a East Frisia a North Holland b Zealand c Bishoprick of Munster d Bish of Osnabrug e Dutchy of Westphalia f Hesse Emp. Arcadius and Honorius in their 5th year 406. Emp. Honorius and Theodosius II. Son of Arcadius 408. in May. Church Emperour Honorius in his 18th and Theodosizs 11. in his 5th Emp. Theodosius 11. and Valentinian Son of Constantius and Placidia Sister to Honorius 423. in August Reigned 29 years 6 Months Emp. Valentinian III and Marcian who Marries Pulcheria Sister to Theodosia in August 450. R. Six years six Months Emp. Marcian and Maximus Murtherer of Valentinian 455. in March Then Majorian R. six years and half Emp. Stiff Majorian and Leon I. R. 17 years and half Emp. Zenon 474. Clovis or Louis so to be u d rstood th rough the whole History * Clodowic Ludwin or Louis all the same Name Emp. Anastasius raised to the Empire by Ariadne the Murtherer of Zeno her Husband * It lies between the Bridges of Amboise First Wars for Religion * Or Amaulry Manners and Customs Church Emp. Justin is Electin July R. 8 years * Or Gontier Emp. Justinâ—an Son of a Sister to Justin Created by his Uncle in April R. 38 years 7 Months * Languedoc * Barons T is the Town of St. Clou. * They were named Bajobares or Bajoarians * Part of the high and middle Austria * Good Friday * Great Master of his Horse * It is not well known what Forrest this was It is now St. Germain des Prez * Dutchies of Parma Plaisance Modena and Boulognia * States of Venice Trent and Mantcua * Vulgarly St. Mard. Cherebert Aribert Caribert is the same Name Emp. Justin Son of a Sister of Justinians in Novemb R. 13 years 9 Months * Thence comâ—s the Name of Halbards * Pavois Emp. Tiberius II. Chosen by Justin in August R. four years * The 7th or 8th part of a Muid and the Muid is a third part of a Tun. Emp. Mauritius Son in Law to Tiberius in Aug. Reigned nigh twenty years * They set up their new made King on a Shield or Target and so carry'd him before the People Emp. Phocas chosen by the Army kils Mauritius in Novemb. R. 18 years * At Chaalons Emp. Heraclius elected by the Army put Phocas to death R. 3â— years * This a 〈◊〉 upon 〈◊〉 confines 〈◊〉 Bâ—abant â—nd of Has 〈◊〉 The â—th of 〈◊〉 Manners and Customs * Le Pavois * Fosâ—erers Campus Martiâ— * Cubicularius * Regiae * Vir inluster Queens were fined most Pious and most Clement * Domicelli * Majores personae Minores personae The Church * In Latin Videâ—â—â— * Agricola * Carilesaâ— * Eparchâ—us * Stephen * Aribert Caribert and Cheribert are the same Name * Ansegisile Ansgise Anchisus Emp. Conâ—tantinâ— Son of Heraclius R. four Months Then Heraclâ—â—n Son of his Stâ—p mother R. Six Months Emp Constance Son of Constantine R. 26 years * Vulgarly Baucdour Emp. Constant Pogo or the Bearded Son of Constans R. 17 years * Arenes A Theater or Gravelly place to Fight or a kind of Amphitheater * Owen * Not now known * Regulus * Guillimer Gislimer Emp. Justinian II. Son of Progonatus Reigned nine years and an half * They yet call such in French Dodüe as are fat Emperor Leontius I. having chasâ—d and mutilated Justin Reigned two years and some months Emp. Tiber. Absim elected by the Soldiers degrades Leont Reigned seven years 700 c. 706 and 7. Emp. Justinian II. restores himself and puts Tiberius to Death Reigned seven years Church * St. Mauries in Chablais * St. Honorat * St. Vandrille * Deicola * Remiremont * Trudon * Baldomer * Vowed or Marry'd themselves to Chastity and Devotion *