at Paris where were found two Letters one for the King of France giving him an account of his design In the other he advised his Son immediately to cause himself to be Crowned King His Son having read this Letter was Crowned on the 11th of November only Five days before the arrival of his Father at Cascaes For the King of France had immediately sent some Persons after him who forced him to come back He advis'd him to return to his Country which he accordingly did The King came to Portugal very sad and lean His Son went out with joy to receive him and restored him his Crown and Dignity This was the event of the King of Portugals Voyage and Attempts which at first were hot but in the Conclusion fell to the Ground The following Year 1478 was unfortunate and remarkable because on the 23th of January was Born in Flanders of the Lady Mary Heiress to Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy and Maximilian Duke of Austria Philip who was afterwards happy in the great Dominions he acquired and the Successor he left tho his prosperity was not lasting Death snatching him away in the prime of his youth In the Month of April in the City of Florence certain Citizens conspiring against the Brothers of the House of Medicis who they suspected design'd to Usurp the Sovereignty of that City till then Free Murder'd Julian in the Church of St. Librada the other called Lawrence de Medicis saved himself in the Sacristy of the said Church Hereupon the other Citizens ran to Arms and apprehended Salviato Archbishop of Pisa one of the Conspirators in the Pallace of the Seigneury whither he went to exhort the People to defend their Liberty Without farther Process he hanged him out of the Window The Cardinal of St. George who was said to favour the Conspirators was in great danger Florence was Excommunicated for the Murder of the Archbishop but the King of France interposing the City was absolv'd rather through fear than for any good-will The Pope and King of Naples had also made War upon the Florentines but now also a Peace was Concluded and they were left at Liberty as they were before CHAP. VII Sardinia entirely reduced The Birth of John Prince of Castile The Inquisition first settled in Spain Peace Concluded betwixt France and Castile the death of King John of Aragon IN Sardinia the War continu'd hot and both parties looked for supplies from abroad The Genoeses who ought to have assisted the Marquess de Oristan as their ancient Allie forbore because they had lately concluded a Truce at Naples with the House of Aragon Fresh succours came daily to the Royallists from Aragon and Sicily and at last the Earl of Cardona Viceroy of Sicily went over in Person After several skirmishes the two Armies met near a Castle called Machomera There the Battle was given in which the Marquess was killed and his Army routed Artal his Son endeavouring to make his escape in a Boat was taken by Two Aragonian Gallies and carried Prisoner into Spain by Villamarin the Admiral He was Confined to the Castle of Xativa and all his Estate which was considerable as well in Sardinta as the Continent Confiscate Particularly the Marquisates of Oristan and Gociano were for ever annexed to the Crown and added to the other regal Titles This Battle was fought on the 19th of May. Thus that Island which had been so long contended for was at last wholly subdued by the Aragonians King Ferdinand of Castile tho the Affairs of Andaluzia were not altogether settled and his Queen was with Child returned to the Kingdom of Aragon for two reasons The first to reduce the Archbishop of Toledo and perswade him not to call in the King of Portugal again The other to revive the Association of the Towns against Robbers and Outlaws which decayed much by reason of the great charge of keeping Soldidiers in Pay To this effect the Cortes were held at Madrid where the Association was continued for Three Years longer Nothing could be concluded with the Archbishop tho endeavours were used to satisfie him there had been no design of killing him After the Cortes broke up King Ferdinand returned to Sevil the Queen earnestly desiring it because she was near her time Thither came Ambassadors from the King of Granada to desire the Truce might be renewed which was refused unless besides doing Homage he would pay the Tribute used formerly The King sent Ambassadors to Granada to treat of it and the Moore answered That the Kings who used to pay that Tribute were dead many Years before and that at present in the Mint of Granada no Gold or Silver was Coined but instead of it they made Spears Darts and Cimiters King Ferdinand tho' offended at this Answer necessity obliging him to it renewed the Truce On the 28th of June the Queen fell in labour and was delivered of a Son called Prince John who was unfortunately cut off in the Flower of his Age as we shall relate in its Place The King of Aragon tho tired with Age demanded this Child should be sent to him to be bred up after the manner of Aragon At this time the King of Aragon contended for the Archbishoprick of Zaragoça His aim was to confer it upon D. Alonso Bastard Son to King Ferdinand The Pope was willing to dispence with his Illegitimacy but not with his Age for he was but Six Years old and therefore desired to bestow that See upon the Cardinal Ausias Despuch believing the King would allow it by reason of the great services done by his Brother the Master of the Order of Montesa It proved otherwise for the King in a passion seized the Cardinals Estate and affronted his kindred The King of Naples interposing who was great with the Pope the King of Aragon obtained his desire and that Dignity was given to D. Alonso as perpetual Administrator This was the foundation of a Custom prejudicial to the Church ever since in use and meerly extorted from the Pope at that time It was then the Custom in Spain that all Bishops had their nomination from the King whence ensued another dispute about the See of Taraçoza for the Cardinal Andrew Ferrer dying the Pope bestowed it upon Andrew Martinez King Ferdinand opposed it designing that Church for the Cardinal of Spain who at last carried it Such another debate hapned about the See of Cuenca in which the King also prevailed A Bull was also granted by which the whole power of nominating their Bishops was granted to the Kings of Castile for ever Four years before another Bull had been obtained which excluded for the future all Strangers from reversions of Bishopricks James Saldan̄a Ambassador from King Henry at Rome procured it He went to Portugal with the Princess Joanna and from him is descended a noble Family there of his Name F. Alonso de Burgos Bishop of Palencia Built at Valladolid the famous Monastery of St. Paul of his
and the New King retired to Capua which he had fortified but was betrayed to the French by Trivulcio a Milanese the Governour Whilst the King of France was at Capua the Great Turk's Brother died Others say it was at Naples whether the King marched and was received into that most Noble City without any resistance upon Sunday the 22d of February The New King Ferdinand before the French came abandon'd all and retired to Castelnovo where were the Queen-Dowager her Daughter Frederick the King's Unkle and many other Lords Thence he went to the Castle del Ovo and lastly over to Sicily to wait some turn of Fortune But the French were so fortunate that in 15 Days after their entring upon the Borders of the Kingdom all submitted to them to the utmost point of Italy I believe never so great an Undertaking was concluded in so short a time Only some few Places in Calabria held out some time for King Ferdinand but at last submitted as did Rijoles which is in sight of Meçina where the Fleet of Spain lay but had no Orders to attempt any thing CHAP. V. The League against the French carried on with wonderful Secrescy The French King returns home The Venetians overthrown by the French King Ferdinand of Naples successful against them and recovers that Noble City NO sooner had the French possessed themselves of the Kingdom of Naples but all the Princes of Italy began to consider how heavy the Dominion of that Nation would lie upon them if suffered to settle and root it self in Italy King Ferdinand of Spain was in the greatest danger for the Island of Sicily whither he was informed the French designed to pass as soon as they concluded the Affair of Naples being chiefly animated to that Enterprize by the Prince of Salèrno one of the Outlaws and principal Enemy to the House of Aragon The better to oppose them he sought to draw the other Princes to a League against France To this purpose he had some Months since sent Laurence Suarez de Figuera to Venice and now sent a Gentleman called John Deza to the Duke of Milan with Orders to make an Overture to him not only of giving him one of the Princesses his Daughters but of making him King of Lombardy both which Proposals he willingly gave ear to He also practised to draw the Emperor and the English into the League and in order to it proposed cross Matches to strengthen the Alliance between Prince John and the Princess Joanna his Children and Maximilian and his Sister Margaret on the other side which Design was so well prosecuted that it was fully concluded by Francis de Rojas sent on purpose to Flanders Care was taken to raise Money in Castile and Aragon to defray the Charge of the War In Aragon the Cortes met which the King would have had the Princess Catherine hold but it would not be allowed and he was forced to come himself Such Industry was used that at last the League was concluded at Venice It was agreed this called the Most Holy League should last for the space of 25 Years and that between them all should be raised an Army of 34000 Horse and 28000 Foot proportionable to the Power and Ability of each of the Confederates It was given out the Design was to protect the Church and defend their own Dominions but in reality it was to drive the French out of Italy This Business was carried on with such wonderful Secrecy that the French Ambassador Philip de Comines Lord of Argenton a Man of great Wisdom and Experience then at Venice had not the least Intelligence of it and was so surprized when Augustin Barbadico Duke of Venice gave him an account of it that he asked whether the King his Master might return with safety into France The face of Affairs was soon changed for the Neapolitans repented of what they had done because the Insolencies committed by the French were intolerable The Duke of Milan was perplexed for that the Duke of Orlcans had secured the City Novara besides he understood that the French endeavoured to draw the Genoeses from his Subjection insomuch that he was forced with great Submission to have recourse to the Venetians for their Assistance The King of France understanding what had hapned resolved to return with all speed before the way was stopped Before his departure he appointed Gilbert Duke of Monpensier a Prince of the Blood Viceroy of Naples with him he left part of his Army and some able Commanders He also sent to the Pope to ask of him the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples and to let him know he desired to pass through Rome to confer with his Holiness about important Affairs As to the Investiture the Pope answered he was ready to do Justice according as he should find and as for his going to Rome it could not be without some great Disorder because the People were enraged against the French This unpleasing Answer made the King hasten his Journey He set out from Naples on the 20th of May Being come to Rome he found the Pope was retired to Perosa From Rome he went into Tuscany spent some Days at Siena and without entring Florence went on to Pisa The Florentines demanded the restitution of that City as had been promised them but the People of Pisa prevailed upon him Thence he went into Lombardy where Francis Marquess of Mantua General of the Venetians came to cut off his Retreat The French being fewer in number would have avoided fighting and endeavoured to join the Duke of Orleans but it could not be The Enemies met on the Banks of the River Tarro which runs within a League of the City Parma The Venetians lay near Fornovo a Village at the Foot of the Mountains the French at the entrance into the Valley There the Battel was fought which was one of the most remarkable that had hapned long in Italy At first the Italians had the better but then falling to plunder and seize the Cannon the French had leisure to rally and returned upon the Enemy with such Fury that they broke them with a mighty Slaughter The King was in great danger all his Guards being slain and tho' the Victor could not obtain of the Enemy a Truce for three Days wherefore he was forced to steal away to Aste without beat of Drum It was no small help to him in his retreat that the River being swollen with the Rain the Italians could not so soon pass it to pursue him Yet he sustained much loss by the Light Horse that kept in his Rear and the Country-people who took Arms to secure the Passes Above 4000 Italians were killed in the Fight The Duke of Mantua immediately sate down before Novara where he much distressed the Duke of Orleans Scarce was the King gone from Naples when the Affairs of that Kingdom began to change The Fleet of Spain commanded by the Earl of Trivento lay at Meçina Thither came
daily more People resorted thither and more Men of Note as the Duke of Bejar the Marquesses of Astorga and Aguilar Gazilasso de la Vega and the Duke del Infantado This encouraged the followers of King Philip. The Catholick King stayed at Astorga till the 15th of May thence he went to Ravanal designing to go on to Santiago and to appoint the Interview there Some of his Council advised him not to be too hasty because Delay would breed Discord among the Noblemen and the Favourites of King Philip and by that means he would be reduced to submit to his Father-in-Law This was the Posture of Affairs in Castile The Princes of Italy and other Nations expected the Event of King Philip's going into Spain believing the Catholick King would be Affronted and much Weakened This they were the more apt to give Credit to because they saw the Great Captain contrary to his King's Orders continued at Naples which they could not believe to be without some Mystery But he understanding these Surmises sent before his Horses and Equipage and with it Peter Navarro to acquaint the Catholick King with the true Reasons of his stay which were to Order the Garrisons and appease the Soldiers who mutinied for want of Pay On the other Side John Baptista Espinelo went away at the same time for Spain to Complain of the Great Captain and blame all his Proceedings which was easie to do because he had much Credit with the Catholick King Calumny often prevails above Truth at least its first Efforts are more violent Thus the Catholick King resolved to use all means to draw the Great Captain from Naples and to this purpose appointed his Son the Archbishop of Zaragoça to go and take the Government of that Kingdom upon him At the same time he sent John Lopez de Vergara Secretary to the Great Captain with a Note under his Hand wherein he solemnly Swore he would give him the Mastership of the Order of Santiago as soon as he came into Spain This was believed to be only a Design to intrap him for at the same time he Ordered Peter Navarro created Earl of Olivito to go with the Archbishop and Apprehend him in Castelnovo The reason why the King changed his Mind was because he received a Letter from the Great Captain assuring him of his Fidelity and swearing to stand by him and keep that Kingdom at his Devotion besides he promised he would soon be in Spain Thus this Storm was laid which at that time might have been of dangerous Consequence CHAP. IX The Spaniards and Flemmings at variance upon their first meeting King Ferdinand raises Forces pretending to Rescue his Daughter Many forsake him and he is forced to quit Castile An Interview of the Two Kings NO sooner were the Noblemen come to Corun̄a but there arose Disputes and Contentions among them nor could they agree with the Flemmings The Marquess of Villena took Place of all others and as Lord High Steward when the King heard Mass stood next the Curtin on the one Side and Monsieur de Vere as Steward for Flanders on the other They could not agree about the Interview betwixt the Two Kings The Castilians were for hindering of it that they might not agree the Flemmings as the more sincere People thought it best they should meet to prevent Misunderstandings Monsieur de Vere was he that appeared most for the Interview yet some malicious Persons said he did it out of malice to D. John Manuel by reason of his great Interest in King Philip. But he at this time gave greater signs of Discontent than of being in Favour the coming of so many Noblemen having very much startled him fearing least some of them should step in before him and be the cause of his fall All of them agreed in their Complaints against the Catholick King Some thought it hard he should take to himself half the Revenune of the Crown and not divide the Income of the Masterships Some said how could Three Kings be endured in Castile and D. John Manuel produced a Grant passed in France wherein King Ferdinand Stiled himself King of Castile Many reflected that all Commands in Spain were held in the Name of the Catholick King who was still to appoint Governors to many Cities whereas it would not be in the power of King Philip in a long time to dispose of those Posts Above all they exclaimed that he raised Men under Colour of setting his Daughter at Liberty she being kept up and not allowed to be seen by reason of her Indisposition This Article was true For King Ferdinand had sent out Orders to levy Forces upon pretence of Rescuing his Daughter to strengthen himself if they should come to an open Breach The Duke of Alva had already raised a Force in the Kingdom of Leon to stand by the Catholick King he only of all the Nobility adhering to him tho' he was sensible of the Danger he exposed himself to since all forsook the King even the Constable who was his Son-in Law and the Admiral his Cousin having thought it more for their Advantage to accompany King Philip. King Ferdinand not satisfied with raising Men in Castile sent an Aragonian Gentleman called Jaime Albion to acquaint the King of France with the Posture of his Affairs and request him to stir up the Duke of Guelders and Bishop of Liege to make War upon Flanders by that means to bring down King Philip to his own Terms Still the Talk of an Interview continued but could not be agreed upon King Philip resolved to set out from Corun̄a towards Santiago Before him marched the Germans with their Cannon in as good Order as if they were in an Enemies Country The same day being the 28th of May the Catholick King and Queen set out towards Betanços D. John Alonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Santiago had declared for the Catholick King which was the reason King Philip would not meet him there nor made no long stay in the Place but turned off to Orense and the Catholick King staid at Villafranca Then King Philip sent Word to the Catholick King that if he would send the Archbishop of Toledo to him he hoped all things would be adjusted to Content This was accordingly done and the Archbishop laboured to reconcile all Differences but advanced little the Nobility opposing it as unwilling that the Two Kings should be reconciled From Villafranca King Ferdinand went to Baneza and thence to Matilla at which time many Prelates and other Gentlemen forsook him being drawn away by the Nobles that had Declared against him This made the Catholick King despair of being able to support himself if the matter came to be decided by the Sword which was the cause he endeavoured to Compound with his Son-in-Law at any Rate Hereupon he sent him a Letter desiring they might meet without farther delay or hearkning to ill affected Persons His answer was only Complaints that the Catholick King raised
Cittadel into which the Citizens were retir'd Joseph Abencerrage came from Granada to relieve them but was overthrown and kill'd The Moors being ill affected to King Mahomet and favouring Benalmao Mahomet fled to Malaga and Benalmao was receiv'd into Granada on the first day of the Year 1432. In January the same Year Edward Prince of Portugal had a Son by his Wife the Lady Ellenor called Alonso afterwards famous for the Misfortunes that befel him All the People of Granada endeavoured to signify their Affection to the new King He took an Oath to be always a Friend to Castite and justly pay the Tribute agreed upon But he was of a great Age and therefore his Reign very short for he dy'd the 6th Month after his Accession to the Crown on the 24th of June Thus Mahomet the left-handed was again call'd from Malaga and restor'd to his Kingdom As soon as restor'd he made one Andilbar Governour of Granada instead of Joseph Abencerrage who was kill'd as has been say'd He concluded a Truce for a short time with Castile The Princes of Aragon ceas'd not to disturb the Peace on the Borders of Portugal and the King's Treasure being exhausted he could not withstand so many Enemies which oblig'd him to agree to this Truce Besides he was willing to oblige the King of Tunez who interceded for that King D. Alvaro de Isorna Bishop of Cuenca was sent to endeavour to reduce the Master of Alcantara who sided with the Princes of Aragon but could not prevail upon him Yet soon after some signs of Repentance appearing Dr. Franco was sent on the same Errand But he on a sudden deliver'd the Castle of Alcantara to Prince Peter and the Doctor himself to Prince Henry which render'd him incapable of the King's Mercy and also made him odious to the People as a Man who violated the publick Faith D. Frederick the Admiral and Peter Manrique the Lieutentant with a good Force were order'd to besiege Albuquerque and manage the War against the Princes of Aragon Gutierre de Sotomayor chief Commendary of Alcantara on the first of July at Night surpriz'd Prince Peter in his Bed and deliver'd him up to the King who in reward for this good Service made him Master of Alcantara in the place of his Uncle The Commendaries of the Order met and condemn'd D. John de Sotomayor whereupon D. Gutierre was chosen Master All the Nobles of Castile that had been imprisoned were discharg'd CHAP. IV. The declining posture of the Aragonians at Naples Yet that King is again invited thither and adopted anew by the Queen He agrees with Castile King John of Portugal dies Edward succeeds ALonso King of Aragon returning into Spain as has been said his Party wholly declin'd in Naples His Adversaries grew strong most of the Nobility sided with them and but few inclin'd to the Aragonians Yet they tho too weak to maintain that War undertook another The Family of Fregosa very powerful at Genoa being expell'd thence by Philip Duke of Milan had recourse for succour to Prince Peter who then supported the Interest of the King his Brother in Naples with a very small Power He hoping to make himself Master of that City or at least to be reveng'd on the Duke of Milan for the wrongs done during the late War joyn'd his Forces with the Fregosos and Fliscos and recover'd several places along the Coast of Genoa The Duke fearing to lose Genoa sent Embassadors to Spain promising the King to deliver to him the City Bonifacio the Capital of Corsica for which Island the Aragonians and Genoeses had long contended The King lik'd the Proposals and sent an Embassador into Italy to conclude the Peace Bonisacio could not be deliver'd the Senate of Genoa opposing it but instead of it they gave Portovenere and Letici Prince Peter came from Sicily whither he had return'd put Garrisons into those Places and leaving 6 Galleys with Duke Philip to guard the Coast sail'd away with the rest of the Fleet. Then having plunder'd an Island on the Coast of Africk call'd Circina now Charcana and setled the Affairs of Sicily and Naples he return'd to Spain to assist his Brothers without any hopes of recovering the Kingdom of Naples King Alonso however despair'd not believing the Forces of the Enemy would decay the Minds of the Natives would alter and the Queen her self grow weary of those Guests Nor was he deceiv'd for the Duke of Anjou was sent by the Queen into Calabria with orders to apply himself to the Military Affairs without concerning himself with the Government Caracciolo Seneschal of Naples gave this Advice hoping to draw all the Power into his own Hands and perceiving he was thereby grown odious he invited the King of Aragon into the Kingdom promising to stand by him Antony Vrsino Prince of Taranto a noble Person and ambitious of Honour sollicited the return of the Aragonians These advices mov'd the King of Aragon tho he did not wholly conside in those Men nor would he utterly reject their offers Therefore having fitted out a Fleet of 26 Galleys and 9 great Ships and left the Government of the Kingdom to his Brothers he resolv'd to sail over to Africk there to gain Reputation and be the nearer to his Friends With this design he set sail from Valencia and after touching in Sardinia arriv'd in Sicily The French had besieg'd the strong Castle of Trupia in Calabria and reduc'd it to such extremity that the besieg'd promis'd to surrender if not reliev'd in 20 Days Storms hinder'd the King from coming in time and the Place was deliver'd in his sight At Messina 70 Sail joyn'd the Fleet of Aragon and they altogether steer'd their Course for Gelves an Island on the Coast of Africk It is near to another Island call'd Sitre the lesser and is encompassed with dangerous movable Sands being but four Miles from the Continent full of Inhabitants and a delightful Place On the West it draws nearer the Continent to which it is joyn'd by a Bridge a Mile in length This enterprize was difficult the place being strong and well guarded for Bofferriz King of Tunez having intelligence of the Design was come thither to defend it At first landing the Aragonians took the Bridge and overthrew the Moors forcing them to retire to their Camp which also they enter'd and after a hot Dispute near the King's Tent put them again to flight The slaughter was not great nor the Booty but 20 pieces of Cannon were taken Nevertheless they could not make themselves Masters of the Island for the Islanders spent much time in capitulating till as they had design'd the Fleet for want of Provisions was forc'd to return to Messina There it was consulted how to recover Naples To forward this Design it happen'd that John Carracciolo was murder'd by the Contrivance of Corbella Rufa Wife to Antony Mariano Duke of Sessa she being the next to him in the Queen's Favour and
away by the Floods at Valladolid and more at Medina del Campo In 40 Days no Corn was ground so that the People fed upon the Grain boil'd for want of Bread At Sevil the River Guadalquivir swell'd within a Yard of the top of the Walls Some of the Inhabitants liv'd aboard Ships for fear of being drown'd others Day and Night were repairing the Walls and Cauking the Gates These Rains and Storms began on the 28th of October and continu'd without ceasing till the 25th of March. Mean while the War with the Moors was carry'd on with various Success James de Ribera the Lieutenant at the Siege of Alora was kill'd with a Dart from the Wall At another place in a Skirmish the Moors slew John Faxardo Son to Alonso Faxardo the Lieutenant Perafan Son to James Ribera tho but 15 years of Age succeeded him in recompence for the good Service done by his Father These Losses were in some measure made up by the taking of Huescar a very strong Town by Assault Roderick Manrique Son to the Lieutenant Peter Manrique took it Besides a great Body of Moors that was marching to the Relief of it was overthrown by the Lieutenant of Caçorla and the Lord of Valdecorneja whereupon the Castle which still held out surrendred But another Misfortune soon allay'd the Joy of this Victory D. Gutierre de Sotomayor Master of Alcantara made an Incursion into the Lands of the Moors with 800 Horse and 400 Foot to attack Archidona The Moors gave the Alarm firing their Beacons upon which about 500 Men got together Arm'd with Darts and Slings and securing the Passes kill'd most of the Christians so that he escap'd with a very few This Misfortune mov'd the Lord of Valdecorneja to raise the Siege he had lay'd to Huelma tho it was near surrendring fearing the Moors encourag'd by this Success would come to relieve it He soon gather'd more Forces and joyning with the Bishop of Jaen wasted all the Territory of Guadix burning the Corn which was fit to cut His Force was 1500 Horse and 6000 Foot A great Number of Horse and 40000 Foot march'd from Granada to oppose him Nothing daunted at that Multitude he engag'd and put them to flight killing 400 the Night hindring the pursuit This Day the Lieutenant Perca signaliz'd himself for his Horse being kill'd and he wounded in the Leg he still fought so bravely afoot that the Moors were glad to leave him In the Kingdom of Murcia not far from Huescar there are two Towns call'd Velez el Roxo and Velez el Blanco The Lieutenant Faxardo lay'd Siege to and had them both surrendred These things we have related are what happen'd in three Years against the Moors we have put them together to avoid confounding the Memory This Year we now write of was Remarkable for the Peace concluded betwixt France and Burgundy which prov'd very Advantageous to France but this belongs to their Histories In Spain the Queens of Aragon and Navarre whilst the Kings their Husbands besieg'd Gaeta as shall be related obtain'd of the King of Castile who was going from Madrid to Buitrago to be entertain'd by In̄igo Lopez de Mendoça that the Truce should be prolong'd till the first of November John de Luna Lord of Illueca sent Embassador on this Account obtain'd this of D. Alvaro de Luna who then manag'd all things and was joyful for that he had a Son born at Madrid who was call'd D. John The King express'd great Satisfaction for it and the Nobility feign'd it to gain his Favour The Death of the Seneschal John Carracciolo the Duke of Anjou and Queen Joanna seem'd to have made way for the King of Aragon to obtain the Crown of Naples Many of the Nobility having consulted together seiz'd the City and Castle of Capua and sent thence Reginald de Aquino into Sicily to offer their Service to the King of Aragon provided he would immediately come to their Aid before the Enemy gather'd strength With the King were his three Brothers all of Age fit for War and well inclin'd to it Prince Peter was left in Sicily to gather the Fleet. The King with his Brother of Navarre and Prince Henry set sail from Messina only with 7 Galleys He touch'd at the Island Ponça then at Ischia and lastly came to Sessa whither a great Number of Noblemen was come from Capua to meet him The chief of them was Antony Marsano Duke of Sessa Here they consulted about carrying on the War and it was resolv'd to besiege Gaeta On the 7th of May it was invested by the Neapolitan Forces at Land and the Fleet of Aragon at Sea The Prince of Taranto came thither with his Forces The King of Aragon possess'd himself of Mount Orlando which overtops the City whereby great hope was conceiv'd it would surrender the Townsmen being in a Consternation and wanting Provisions But the Genoeses who were numerous there by reason of their great Trade resolv'd to defend the City They chose Francis Spinola a Man of Note who chiefly encourag'd them for their Commander and then turn'd all useless People out of the City whom the King of Aragon reliev'd and sent to the Neighbouring Villages which gain'd him the Affections of the Besieged and of all the Country The Senate of Genoa understanding the Danger their People were in by the Duke of Milan's Order sitted out 12 great Ships 2 Galleys and a Galliot Manning them well and putting in store of Provisions Blas Assareto was appointed to Command this Fleet a notable Souldier who had rais'd himself from a very mean Condition to that height by his Valour The King of Aragon set out to meet this Fleet with 14 Ships and 11 Galleys With him went most of the Men of Note not doubting of the Victory The Aragonians anker'd at the Island Ponça and the Genoeses on the Coast of Terracina Thence they sent a Herauld to acquaint the King of Aragon they came not to fight but only to carry Provisions to their Countrymen This Message was much ridicul'd by the Aragonians and both Parties made ready to fight Before they ingag'd 3 Genoese Ships were order'd to stand out to Sea that when the Dispute was hottest they might fall upon the Enemy's Rear The Aragonians believing they fled fell on without any Order The King attack'd the Genoese Admiral The Genoese bringing his Ship about poured abundance of Darts and Stones into the King's Poop In the same manner the other Ships grapl'd and fought as if they had been on Land The Aragonians had the Advantage in Numbers but that caus'd Confusion among them and many were Sea-sick whereas the Genoeses had the odds of being expert Mariners and us'd to that sort of fight The Galleys were of no use the Ships being ingag'd together and so much higher above the Water than the Galleys It was now late when the 3 Genoese Ships which at first were thought to fly fell athwart the
with a Company of Robbers did great harm thereabouts From Segovia whither he returned he resolved to go Visit his Father who was sick By the way at Alcalà he Visited the Archbishop of Toledo thinking by that Civility to gain him to his Party At Guadalajara he also Visited the Marquess de Santillana and so went on to Barcelona where his Father lay In the Kingdom of Valencia the Towns of Segorve and Exerica Mutinied at the same time and took up Arms. The People of Exerica to free themselves from the Tyranny of Francis Sarsuela who they pretended oppressed them Those of Segorve to follow D. Henry de Aragon contrary to the King's Will and Pleasure These Confusions lasted long but nothing remarkable hapned in them only that at length Segorve was confiscate and Exerica restored to its Owner King Ferdinand was at Barcelona consulting with his Father about the War in Russillon when News was brought him from Castile that that D. John Pacheco Master of Santiago departed this Life on the 4th of October upon whose Death the Nobles were worse divided than before Many aimed at that Mastership The Duke of Medina Sidonia the Marquess of Santillana and the Earls of Albuquerque and Benavente confided in their Riches and hoped that way to carry it D. Alonso de Cardenas chief Commendary of Leon was chosen in that City and D. Roderick Manrique Earl of Paredes at Veles The Marquess de Villena pleaded the Pope during his Father's Life-time had given him that Dignity but because he produced no Bull it was supposed he only did it to delay time till he could make an Interest with his Holiness As he went towards Villarejo de Salvanes to meet the Earl of Ossorno he was apprehended and sent Prisoner to Fuentiduen̄a King Henry Resenting this Affront and believing the Earl of Ossorno would not obey his Orders sate down with some Forces before Fuentiduena tho he was then much indisposed Many Lords as well Spiritual as Temporal repaired thither to serve him Delays were dangerous the King's Sickness increasing and the Weather being bad therefore they resolved to oppose one Fraud against another Lope Vasquez de Acun̄a Brother to the Archbishop of Toledo pretending to Treat with the Earl of Osorno's Wife secured her and a Son of hers and carried them away to Huete This obliged her Husband to release the Marquess Thus the Designs of the Earl of Osorno were disappointed King Ferdinand being informed what had hapned left the Care of the War in Ampurias to his Father and returned to Zaragoça There he thought if the Affairs of Castile would permit to assemble the Cortes of Aragon in order to raise Money whereof he stood in great want The more because the French Forces daily increased and they had besieged Elna with 900 Horse and 10000 Foot That place being reduced to great extremity surrendred on the 5th of December upon Condition the Garrison should march away in safety It was much feared lest Perpignan should be lost the Castle being already in the Hands of the French as were all the Garrisons about it This year was particularly Remarkable for the Havock made among the Jews in all parts of Sicily The Rabble without respect to D. Lope de Urrea their Viceroy who punished some of them killed many of those Wretches and plundered their Houses The Peace with the Moores of Granada was duely observed on both sides In Navarre there were Tumults between the Biamonteses who took part with the Princess Ellenor and the Agramonteses who favoured the King of Aragon CHAP. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile Ferdinand and Elizabeth usurp the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress and are proclaimed King and Queen The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress his Neece KIng Henry's Indisposition which had held him long daily encreased and being heightned with Troubles and the Toil of his late Expedition became mortal The Physicians ordered him to be carried to Madrid hoping the Air might contribute to his Recovery but neither that nor any Medicines proved effectual On the 11th of December having prepared himself as became a good Christian he gave up the Ghost at the end of the 45th Year of his Age and having Reigned 20 Years 4 Months and 22 Days His Will was not made in form but written in haste by John de Oviedo his Secretary in whom he reposed great Confidence He appointed the Cardinal of Spain and Marquess de Villena his Executors Being asked by F. Peter de Maçuelos Prior of S. Hierom in Madrid who Confessed him at that time Whom he appointed to Succeed him He said the Princess Joanna whom he recommended to his Two Executors as also to the Duke of Arevalo the Marquiss of Santillana the Earl of Benavente and the Constable in whom he most confided His Body was deposited without much Ceremony in the Monastery of S. Hierom at Madrid and thence as he had ordained translated to the Church of Guadalupe This Prince was for nothing so remarkable as for his loose Life He left no Issue Male and was himself the last of the Male Line of King Henry the Bastard King Henry's death caused a mighty alteration in Castile The greatest number took part with the Princess Elizabeth yet many adhered to the Princess Joanna particularly the Marquess de Villena and the Duke of Arevalo with all their Kindred and Followers supported that Lady They expected she should have the Title of Queen and they all the Power chusing a Husband for her where they thought fit All the Country from Toledo to Murcia sided with these Two Noblemen as did all the Men of Note in Galicia with such Resolution that they took Arms against D. Alonso de Azevedo y Fonseca Archbishop of Santiago because he declared for the other side At Segovia such as were there present publickly took the Oath of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth upon a Scaffold raised for that purpose Then King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth were proclaimed by a Herauld amidst the loud Acclamations of the People All kissed her Hand and conducted her a Horseback to Church Few Lords were then in Segovia and none of them Grandees The first that came to express their Loyalty were the Cardinal of Spain and Earl of Benavente soon after the Archbishop of Toledo the Marquiss de Santillana the Dukes of Alva and Albuquerque the Constable and the Admiral Others did their Homage and took the Oath of Allegiance by Proxy No Oath was taken to King Ferdinand till he came and swore to preserve the Privileges of the Kingdom He was then holding the Cortes of Aragon and Zaragoça and endeavouring to raise Money but as soon as he heard of the death of King Henry he set out for Castile He left his Sister Joanna Contracted to Ferdinand King of Naples then a Widower to preside in the Cortes It was usual with the Nobility of Castile to sell their Loyalty as dear
King even whilst Queen Elizabeth was living to make War upon the Moors in Barbary as soon as that in Naples were ended This Business was so far advanced that the King ordered part of the Spanish Forces to be sent out of Naples into Spain which was accordingly done The Earl of Tendilla offered if the King would assign him 40 Millions of Maravedies to conquer Oran and the Port of Mazalquivir with the Towns adjacent In case any of that Sum were left after defraying the Charge he promised to restore it but if it fell short to make it up of his own This Contract being well advanced was broke off by the Queen's death Yet that the Enterprize might not be wholly laid aside and the Neapolitan Soldiers be idle the Archbishop lent the King 11 Millions towards carrying on that Design A Fleet was fitted out on the Coast of Andaluzia at first intending to take Tedeliz a Town betwixt Bugia and Argiers to which purpose Intelligence was held with some Persons in it But this appearing to be a Place of no Consequence nor worth the keeping it was resolved to attempt Mazalquivir which in Arabick signifies the Great Port and Ptolomy calls it Portus Magnus It stands near to Oran almost opposite to Almeria only a little more to the Eastward The Fleet consisted of 6 Galleys and a great Number of Caravels and other small Vessels in which were about 5000 Men under the Command of D. James Fernandez de Cordova a Valiant Officer They sailed from Malaga upon Friday the 29th of August D. Raymund de Cardona was Admiral They met with bad Weather and were forced to put into the Port of Almeria Thence they set forward on the 11th of September and came to an Anchor with the whole Fleet in the Harbour of Mazalquivir On the Point of the Harbour was a Bulwark planted with Cannon with other Works under which our Fleet entred 150 Horse and 3000 Foot came to obstruct our Men landing The Landing-place was bad and the Weather tempestuous yet the Valour of the Christians overcame all Difficulties Peter Lopez Zagal a valiant Soldier was the first that leaped ashore The Moors were forced back to Oran and only 400 left in the Fort of Mazalquivir The Fort was battered the Commander of it killed by a Cannon-Ball and their best Guns dismounted This so discouraged the Moors that the third day they surrendered and the Spanish Colours were set upon the Walls It fell out very fortunately in the first place that the Fleet was stayed by ill Weather for upon the News of their setting out of Malaga a great Multitude of Moors assembled but having waited 8 days and Provisions growing scarce they thought our Fleet had steered another Course and so they dispersed Next that the very Day the Fort surrendered a great number of Moors came down the Mountain to relieve the Besieged who might have done us much harm if they had come soon enough They joined with those of Oran and took the Field in order as was thought to give Battel which yet they durst not do tho' our Commander drew out to meet them Some Skirmishes there were with our Parties that went out for Wood or Water of both which they were scarce The Command of that Fort with the Title of Captain General of the Conquests in Barbary was given to James Fernandez de Cordova D. Raimund de Cardona returned with his Fleet to Malaga on the 24th of the aforesaid Month. Those that were left at Mazalquivir concluded a Truce with the Moors at Oran by which a Free Trade was allowed between them which was very advantageous to the Moors because of their Trade This Enterprize gained the Catholick King much Reputation tho' at the same time malicious People gave out that was only a Colour to gather Forces which in reality were designed to keep out his Son-in-Law if he should attempt to come to deprive him of the Government This good Beginning encouraged the Archbishop of Toledo to spend most of his Revenue in prosecuting that Design insomuch that he thought of going over into Africk himself as at last he did About the middle of this Month the Queen was delivered of a Daughter called Mary The Catholick King sent Charles d' Aragon one of his Domesticks to visit her and advise King Philip to Peace King Emanuel of Portugal retired to Almeria because the Plague began to spread at Lisbon This same Year the Court of Chancery was removed from Ciudad Reall to Granada and the Bishop of Astorga made President King Ferdinand spent some Months at Segovia and in the Forrest of Balsain and on the 20th of October went away to Salamanca where he caused the Peace concluded with France to be Proclaimed which was not so well liked for the most part in Castile as in Aragon The same thing that pleased the one Kingdom discontented the other that is the Separation of the Kingdoms All things were disposed to oppose King Philip in case of an open Breach He from Brussels sent to require the Nobility to stand by him particularly the Marquess de Villena the Duke of Najara Garlciasso de la Vega the Duke of Medina Sidonia the Earl of Uren̄a the Admiral and Constable of Castile which Two last tho' related to King Ferdinand were wavering D. John Manuel with his Letters widened the Breach but always seemed desirous they should come to Agreement which he said was easie if King Ferdinand would leave Castile to his Son-in Law whose of Right it was Otherwise he must expect to be turned out of it and in danger of Aragon for King Philip either with or without his consent would be there very soon In order to it a great Fleet was fitting out in Zealand and 60 Sail were already in a readiness Notwithstanding the King of France sent twice to require King Philip not to undertake that Voyage till he had agreed with his Father-in-Law on the 8th of November he set out from Brussels for Zealand There he delayed the time whereupon it was believed he staied to have those of his Party in Spain to declare themselves openly The Marquess de Villena chief of them going at this time to Toledo it was supposed he had Orders from King Philip to secure that City which alarmed the People and the Family of the Silvas who stood firm to King Ferdinand joined with the Governor D. Peter de Castilla to oppose him but the Marquess went away quietly Besides the Family of Silva the Duke of Alva and the Archbishop of Toledo the principal Men that adhered to the Catholick King were D. Bernard de Rojas Marquess of Denia D. Gutierre Lopez chief Commendary of Calatrava Antony de Fonseca and Ferdinand de la Vega. These were for opposing King Philip by all means whatsoever if he should attempt to come to Castile before some Agreement were made This was the Resolution of the Catholick King tho' he was unwilling to take up Arms against his Children
and Queen of Navarre These were all Chimera's framed according to every Man's Interest They said the Archbishop aimed at a Cardinal's Cap and desired a Bishoprick for his Companion F. Francis Ruyz The Duke del Infantado coveted the Bishoprick of Palençia for one of his Sons The Duke of Albuquerque would have the Castle of Segovia restored to the Marquess of Moya The Duke of Najara was displeased to see the Constable so great with the Catholick King and the Marquess de Villena was envious of the Duke of Alva's Favour The Earl of Benavente would have the Fair granted to his own Town of Villalon by King Philip confirmed tho' it was to the Prejudice of Medina del Campo Others had other private Pretensions without any regard to the Publick Good To prevent Disorders the Archbishop of Toledo and the Deputies for deciding of Controversies agreed that the Nobility should Swear That before the Meeting of the Cortes they would not call in any Prince nor make any sort of Contract with any and the Catholick King from Naples writ to many of the Nobility promising to content them in their Pretensions The Dissention among the Nobility gave occasion to many Disorders One was the escape of Duke Valentine from Mota de Medina He fled to the Lands of the Earl of Benavente and thence with the assistance of the said Earl to Navarre D. John de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent his Son Henry with Forces to besiege Gibraltar a Place given him by King Henry and taken away by King Ferdinand The Governour in it defended himself and Relief being sent by the Earl of Tendilla and the Councils of some Cities the Siege was raised The Archbishop of Sevill promised he would prevail with the Queen and the King her Father to stand Trial at Law with the Duke Afterwards the Duke and Archbishop met at Toçina with the Earl of Urena and Cabra and the Marquess of Priego and there engaged together to stand by the Queen and Kingdom to obey all Orders from the Queen and Council but as for the Cortes they protested if their Resolutions were not for the Honour of God and the Advantage of the Queen and her Kingdom they thought not themselves obliged to obey them D. Roderick de Mendoça Marquess of Cenete was upon marrying the Lady Fonseca but some Dispute arising about it that Lady was by the Queen's Order secured yet the Marquess took her by force out of the Monastery of Huelgas at Valladolid At Toledo the Earl of Fuensalida would not allow Peter de Castilla as Governour but the Family of the Sylva's and some Soldiers sent by Ferdinand de Vega standing by him the Earl was forced to desist At Madrid the Family of the Zapata's and D. Peter Lasso de Castilla took up Arms for the Catholick King and John Arias to oppose them At Segovia the Marquess of Moya secured the Great Church and Gates of the City hoping to recover the Castle Thus all the Kingdom was in a Flame and no body to quench it CHAP. II. Queen Joanna departs from Burgos Is wholly incapable of having any Part in the Government The Affairs of Naples Queen Joanna brought to bed of a Daughter at Torquemada Great Disorders in Castile THE Queen by reason of her Indisposition was rather a Hindrance than a Help to Business On All-Saints-day having heard Mass in the Monastery of Miraflores after Dinner she caused the Coffin of the late King her Husband to be opened as was believed fearing it had been carried away to Flanders by the Flemings who pressed to be paid their Arrears in order to return home This being proposed to the Queen she gave no answer but that she would take care to pray to God for her Husband It was several times proposed to remove her from Burgos but she could be persuaded to nothing that did not hit with her own Humour Her Company she most delighted in was the Lady Joanna d' Aragon the Marchioness of Denia the Countess of Salinas and the Lady Mary de Ulloa Being very big with Child she resolved to remove to Torquemada and carry the Body of her Husband in order to send it to Granada The day before she set out she commanded John Lopez de Lazarra her Secretary to write an Order by which all Grants made by her Husband were vacated This being a thing of dangerous Consequence the Secretary delayed it and thereupon she called Four of the Council to issue that Order She appointed such as had been of the Council in the time of her Mother to continue and the rest to be removed Some of the Commons asking whether she would be pleased to send Two of them to intreat King Ferdinand to come and assist her in the Government She answered she would be glad of the King 's coming but said nothing as to the Government Yet she bid them be gone and not meddle in any thing that related to the Cortes without her Order which was as good as dissolving that Assembly The Queen set out by night with the Body of her late King and came about midnight to Cavia and thence went to Torquemada where she stayed At Burgos remained the Council of State the Archbishop of Toledo the Admiral and Duke of Najara Differences arose about protracting the Term prefix'd to the Agreement made betwixt the Nobility The Constable opposed and the Admiral was for prolonging of it and having the Council Obey till the Catholick King came To obstruct whose coming some proposed the Queen should marry but the Queen would hear nothing of it Many Ambassadors from the Princes of Italy resorted to King Ferdinand at Naples It was contrived with the Assistance of the King of France to obstruct the Emperour's taking the Government of Flanders into his hands that so neither he nor his Grandson Prince Charles might come into Spain The King of France endeavoured to join in League with King Ferdinand and the Pope against the Venetians to recover such Places of his as they possessed The Catholick King was willing that so he might regain what they had in the Kingdom of Naples Yet he thought better to be at Peace with that Republick that he might be at leisure to attend the more important Affairs of Castile Some time before died his Ambassador to that State Laurence Suarez and his Son Gonzalo Ruyz de Figueroa succeeded him The Pope tho' assisted by the King of France against John de Bentivoglia who had seized the City Bolognia yet thought good to make use of the Catholick King who sent to acquaint Bentivoglia That he could not but assist the Pope in recovering the Patrimony of the Church Hereupon Bentivoglia offered to admit the Pope upon certain Conditions which was accordingly done King Ferdinand sent Antony d' Acun̄a to Congratulate with the Pope and endeavour to join in a strict League with him to the end to obtain the Investiture of Naples for himself and his Heirs notwithstanding
Pope must be deposed for opposing that Assembly according to the Decree of the 11th Session of the Council of Basil The Treaty betwixt the Pope and King of Spain advanced only the Pope was unwilling to pay the Spanish Forces and therefore had some thoughts of being Reconciled to the King of France but that sailing he stuck to King Ferdinand 500 Men at Arms 200 light Horse 200 other Horse and 2000 Foot were shipped at Malaga under the command of Alonso de Garvajal Lord of Xodar and Zamudio Collonel of the Foot It was given out these Forces were for Africk but it was not likely for at the same time Count Peter Navarro arrived at Naples with 1500 tattered Men the relicks of the late Misfortunes The King of France proposed to Marry his youngest Daughter to Prince Ferdinand and upon the Match to quit all Claim to the Kingdom of Naples and tho' the Catholick King liked it yet he pressed to have Bolonia restored to the Pope Still that King resolved to Protect that City whereupon the English Ambassadors formally required him to deliver that Place which was as good as declaring War if he did not He answered he was resolved to defend Bolonia as he would Milan The Pope fell so sick it was thought he could not escape The Emperor came as far as Trent having conceived hopes of being Seated in S. Peters Chair and possessing the Kingdom of Naples But the King of Aragon the Pope and Republick of Venice on the 4th of October concluded a League for Defence of the Church and against the Schismaticks at Pisa By this League the King was obliged within 20 days after the publishing of it to furnish 1200 Men at Arms 1000 light Horse and 10000 Foot The Pope 600 Men at Armes the Republick was to join their Army to the other Forces and their Fleet to the 11 Galleys of Spain Whilst the War lasted the Pope and Venetians were to pay 40000 Ducats a Month to the King and 2 Months of it advance The King was to appoint the General and he made choice of D. Raimund de Cardona Viceroy of Naples The Venetians gave up any Pretensions they had to any Sum lent to the Kings of Naples of the House of Aragon The Emperor did not join in this League but it was declared that he knew of it as did the King of England James Garcia de Paredes who had been long a Pyrate and then went into the Emperors Service was taken at Vincenza by the Venetians Admiral Villamarin who was gone with the Galleys to Spain by the King's Order returned to Naples Berengarius de Olms was left with some Galleys on the Coast of Granada Roderick Baçan went to burn certain Vessels at Tetuan It was reported the King of Fez designed to besiege Ceuta both those Commanders repaired thither and understanding he lay before Tangier where D. Duarte de Meneses was Governor they failed to that Place The Town was distressed Roderick Baçan with his Men made a Sally in which he drove the Moors from some of their Works Next day the Portugues Horse did the like so effectually that the King of Fez raised the Siege This done the Spanish Commanders returned to Gibraltar with Honour The Viceroy of Naples prepared to March Count Peter Navarro was General of the Foot and lay with them near Gaeta the Horse being also in readiness Prosper Colona would not go upon this Enterprize because he had no great Command therefore Fabricius Colona was left as Governor and Lieutenant General It was observed that the Barons who had been of the Faction of Anjou were the forwardest to offer their Service Count Peter Navarro marched before with the Foot towards Pontecorvo On the 2d of November the Horse followed with the Viceroy The Emperor was now dubious which Side to incline to the Cardinal Sanseverino still fed him with uncertain hopes and the Ambassadon D. Peter de Urrea offered if he would enter into the League that the Army of the Allies should assist him in the Conquest of Milan as also to Reduce Guelders He inclined to accept of the Conditions before offered by the Venetians but it was too late for they were now grown strong Yet Hierome Vic Ambassador at Rome so contrived it that a cessation of Arms was concluded betwixt the Emperor and the Republick which proved of great moment The King of France failed not to give Orders to his General Gaston de Foix and send him supplies to oppose the Allies and at the same time laboured to raise Swiss and prevent them from joining for the defence of the Church as was laboured by the Cardinal of Sion He offered the Emperor to make him Pope or give him Authority to choose one that he would Restore to him the Lands of the Church belonging to the Empire give him what part of Naples he would ask and that Milan and Genoa should be obliged to assist him in his Wars as also that the Differences about Guelders should be composed by Persons of his own choosing The Cardinal Sanseverino seeing the Emperor unsettled took his leave of him The Viceroy of Naples would have marched to Florence to secure that City which held for the French but the Pope commanded him to march to Bolonia The Weather was Bad and the Country Rough many of the Soldiers fell sick but few died At Imola the Viceroy staied for the Artillery which came to him at the beginning of the Year 1512. Count Peter Navarro was before at Lugo and Bagnacavalo and thought good to Besiege Bastida a Fort belonging to the Duke of Ferrara upon the River Po in which was a Garrison of 200 Italians This Place esteemed Impregnable was taken by Assault in Five days and most of the Defendants put to the Sword It was delivered to Cardinal John de Medicis the Popes Legate The King of France having got Alonso younger Son to Frederick King of Naples gave out he would settle him in that Kingdom which seemed easie the Kingdom being left Naked of Defence and the People coverous of having a King of their own CHAP. II. The Seige of Bologna The King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated The Venetians recover Bergamo and Bressa and are overthrown by the French AFter the taking of Bastida Count Peter Navarro return'd to Imola There a Council of War was held to determin which way was best to begin the War Fabricius Colona advised to waste the Country and take in the weaker Places of the Country of Bologna and leave the City to the last Count Peter Navarro was positive for besieging Bologna and being a bold Man represented the taking of it as a matter of no difficulty His advice was followed because he was in great esteem among the Soldiery and never served well when contradicted The Duke of Termens dying in his way from Rome and the Duke of Urbin refusing then to command the Forces of the Church tho afterwards he sent his Lieutenant the Pope
of Granada Andrew de Cuesta Bishop of Leon D. Martin de Ayala of Segovia D. James de Covarrubias of Cuidad Rodrigo and D. Antony Augustin of Lerida Of the Divines the most remarkable were the Fathers James Lainez Alonso Salmeron and Peter de Soto of the Order of S. Dominick a Learned and Pious Man He died at Trent in his old Age He was under a cloud at Rome Salarraez King of Argiers this year laid Siege to Oran and Mazalquivir The Earl of Alcaudete was in Oran and his Brother D. Martin de Cordova in Mazalquivir both of them behaved themselves with much Bravery but the Defence of Mazalquivir which was hardest press'd will ever be famous D. John de Mendoça General of the Spanish Galleys coming thither raised the Siege Anno 1564. John Calvin died at Geneva the 19th of May Theodorus Beza succeeded him former wicked but the latter if possible worse To discover how wicked a Man Beza was it suffices to read his Love Poems By them it appears he was a fit Head for the Sect he professed D. Garcia de Toledo Marquis of Villafranca Son to D. Peter de Toledo who was Viceroy of Sicily and Admiral of Spain this Year on the 6th of September near the City Velez on the Coast of Africk took from the Moores the strong Castle El Pen̄ol built formerly by Count Peter Navarro but at this time possessed by the Moores On the 25th of July the Emperor Ferdinand died at Vienna His Son Maximilian the second of the Name succeeded him Anno 1565. D. Luis de Biamonte Earl of Lerin and Constable of Navarre departed this Life without leaving any Issue-Male and D. James de Toledo younger Son to Duke of Alva Marrying his Daughter Brianda inherited all his Estate Thus ended that Family which for many Years had disturb'd the Kingdom always opposing the natural Kings from whom it was descended Elizabeth Queen of Spain with the consent of the King her Husband went to the Frontiers of France as far as the City Bayonne in Guienne where she spent 17 days with her Mother and Brothers and then returned into Spain At the same time the Island of Malta began to be infested by the Turkish Fleet. Three Months were spent in the Siege many Knights and a great number of the Enemy were slain and among them the Pyrate Dragut taken off with a Cannon-Ball At last the Turks understanding that D. Garcia de Toledo Viceroy of Sicily was coming to the Relief of the Besieged they raised the Siege and sailed off having sustained great loss In Spain in pursuance of the Decrees of the Council of Trent many Synods were held the principal were those of Toledo Salamanca and Braga In that of Toledo was the Bishop of Siguença D. Peter de la Gasca and among the Deputies for the Church of Cuenca D. Alonso Ramirez de Vergara a Man very much noted for Learning and Piety and extreamly Charitable especially towards the Jesuits for whom he built at his own Cost a Colledge at Alcala whither his Bones were translated with much Solemnity on the 25th of October 1621. to a stately Church there built by the Ladies Mary and Katherine de Mendoça The Body of the Martir S. Eugenius first Bishop of Toledo was with great Solemnity brought from the Monastery of S. Denis near Paris and arrived at Toledo the 18th of November The King was present at the Feast with all the Royal Family the Princes Rodulphus and Ernestus Sons to the Emperor and the Bishops who were Assembled at the Synod Pope Pius the Fourth departed this Life the 10th of December Anno 1566. Cardinal Michael Gislerius born at Boschio in the Territory of Alexandria a City of Lombardy and of the Order of S. Dominick was on the 7th of January chosen Pope He took the Name of Pius V. and Govern'd the Church 6 Years 3 Months and 23 Days His Life and Conversation were so Holy few have been to compare to him The Catholick King was in the Forest of Balsain by reason of the heat of the Summer when on the 12th of August the Queen was deliver'd of a Daughter called Elizabeth Clare Eugenia Solyman the Great Turk had laid Siege to Sigeth a strong but small Town in Hungary before it could be reduced he died but yet his Army afterwards took the place He left his Son Selymus the Second his Heir Margaret Dutchess of Parma the Catholick King 's Sister Govern'd the Low Countries for him the Hereticks contemned her because she was a Woman and consequently those Provinces began to Mutiny Many extraordinary Insolencies were committed in several Places but most they raged against the Images of Saints that were in the Churches The Queen of Scotland flying the Rebellion of her Subjects at Home was forc'd into England where upon false Informations contrary to all Human and Divine Laws she was cast into Prison Anno 1567. The Archbishop of Toledo after his Case had depended many Years was by Order of Pope Pius the Fifth sent to Rome where he arrived the 28th of May and was sent Prisoner to the Castle of Santangelo till Judgment should be given The Rebellion in Flanders ran high and continued for several Years D. Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was sent by the King to quench this Fire Soon after his arrival the Princess Margaret went away for Italy and the Counts of Horn and Egmont were taken up by the Duke The Rebel Hereticks in France besieged Paris The Constable Montmorancy marched to raise the Siege They came to a Battel near St. Denis where the Catholicks got the Victory but with the Death of the Constable The Enemy with the Admiral their General were put to flight Count Aremberg who came from Flanders with 4000 Burgundians to the Assistance of the Catholicks was very instrumental in obtaining this Victory Anno 1568. On the 7th of March the Bodies of the Holy Martyrs Pastor and Justus were brought from Huesca and interr'd at Alcala de Henares where they suffered and were born The principal Ring-leader of the Rebellion in the Low Countries was the Prince of Orange who fearing to meet with what he deserv'd was fled His Brother Count Luis with several Companies of Germans entred West-Frizeland Count Aremberg with his Forces and the Spanish Regiment of D. Gonçalo de Bracamonte march'd against him but being too hasty in charging was overthrown The Count and many more being slain the rest fled to Groningen through the Marishes the Country being overflow'd by reason the Dikes were broken Count Egmont and Count Horn being convicted of Treason as is believed very wrongfully were by the Duke of Alva's Order executed at Brussels They were publickly Beheaded on the 4th of June and to prevent the People Mutinying they were strongly guarded to the Scaffold and all the Streets lined This Execution rather incensed than appeased the People This done the Duke of Alva march'd against the
Portugal But the Pope refused saying the Nomination of those Bishops belonged to the King and that he knew no other King of Portugal but King Philip. Nevertheless the Duke did not desist from prosecuting his Suit His Majesty made the Marquesses of Leganes and Almacan Grandees of Spain and of his Bedchamber The Prince of Astillano Son to the Duke of Medina de las Torres married the Daughter of the Marquess de Villanueva del Rio and Grandchild to the Duke of Alva Upon the last day of Novembet hapned a great Fire in the House of the Duke of Uzeda then Inhabited by the favourite D. Luis de Haro On the 2d of June the Prince of Conti came to Pergignan the capital City of Rousillon and Cerdagne and there as Governor of that Province took the usual Oath to the King of France On the 28th he laid Siege to Ville-franche and after 8 days it was surrendred to him There he staid till the 22th of July when Monsieur Marin Lieutenant General of Foot joined him and having Mustered their Forces and in vain attempted Lampurdan the Prince of Conti marched to S. George and the other Forces to the Towns along the River Ter. The Prince sent 300 Foot to Perpignan and 600 Foot and 1000 Horse to Roses Then he marched with 1000 Horse to Puçerdan D. Joseph Margarit and the Duke of Candale at the same time directing their Course to ZardanÌ„a with the rest of the Army by the way of BanÌ„â—las On the top of Mount Ribas these Commanders leading 1400 Horse and 1500 Foot were set upon by our Forces which tho much inferior in numbers killed and took 600 of their Foot and 400 Horse The Prince of Conti by the way of Villafranca and Colde Perra went to Hibra expecting there 4 Pieces of Cannon that were at Caragut a Town of the French 6 Leagues up the Country F. Peter de Valencuela of the Order of S. John General of the Artillery of Puçerdan having Intelligence that 500 of the Enemies Foot and 1000 Horse lay at Lapsirt put Garrisons into Villar and other Places in the way to Conflans 200 French Horse and 400 Foot marching towards Conflans and plundring the open Towns upon their return were set upon by Captain Francis Rodriguez who killed the French Commander and took many Horses and Mules loaden with the Booty Valençuela the Governor sent Colonel John Baptista Cataneo a Milonese with 200 Foot and 25 Horse to nail the 4 Pieces of Cannon that lay at Caragut He set out the 26th of September at Night lay in a Wood all the next Day and marched again at Night so that on the 28th by break of day they surprized 500 Foot and 50 Horse that guarded the Cannon They burnt the Houses where any opposition was made took the Marquess of Virague General of Artillery and his Lieutenant nailed the 4 Pieces carried away 100 Mules belonging to the Train and retired in time knowing that 300 Horse and as many Foot were coming upon them This made them march over the tops of the Mountains whence they could discover the Enemy and so returned safe to Puçerdan D. John of Austria advanced with his Army as far as Vique but the great Snows obliged him to return to Barcelona leaving 6 Regiments at Vique who defended that Place with incredible bravery Both Parties being by stress of Weather forced into Winter Quarters the Season seemed to have made a Cessation of Arms betwixt them The French threatning some extraordinary Action the next Spring his Majesty made mighty Preparations to oppose them drawing together Forces from all Parts and laying up great Magazines of Provisions and Ammunition The Duke of Lorrain who being outed his Dominions by the French had retired to Flanders and served there with great Reputation was of late grown very slack in the Service and no less burdensome to the Country of his Friends than that of his Enemy For this reason it was thought fit to remove him from his Command yet so as it might seem done rather to honour than offend him The Count de Garces was apppointed to manage this Affair with the Duke and performed it with singular dexterity conducting him first to Antwerp and thence sending him to Spain where he was Received and Entertained in the Castle of Toledo with all Princely Grandeur and Magnificence This most splendid Entertainment was the cause that many could not see into the true cause of his Removal but the sharpest sighted believed he held correspondence with France in order to be restored to his Dominions In England D. Pantaleon de Say Meneses Brother to the Earl of Penaguiao Envoy from the King of Portugal having affronted and wounded a Gentleman in the Exchange in London he and some other Porugueses with him were by other Gentlemen coming in turned out of the Exchange This Disgrace he so hainously Resented that the next Night he came to the Exchange with about 60 others all Armed with Swords and Pistols and Coats of Mail where they killed one Gentleman and raised great Tumults which done by the favour of the night they got to the Envoy's House Next day D. Pantaleon and some others were Apprehended and he being brought to his Trial was condemned to be Hanged which Sentence after very great Intercession made was changed to Beheading and he accordingly Executed Oliver Cromwell the Protector sent out two Squadrons one to the Streights and the other to the West Indies in both which Places he did much harm to the French Pope Innocent X. about the beginning of September was taken sick of a violent Flux which never left him till he died on the 7th of January following which was the year 1655. The Archbishop of Paris who had been a Prisoner in France Two years as if he had foreseen the death of the Pope made his escape to S. Sebastian in Biscay whence he made his way to Rome and was there favourably received by the Pope had the Cardinals Cap given him by his own Hand and a Present of 3000 Crowns in Gold Thus of a Prisoner he came to be a Cardinal and to have a Vote in the Election of the ensuing Pope Before the Pope died at Rome Peter Mazarine Father to the Cardinal of that Name Ambassador from the most Christian King and was buried with the Honours due to a Duke and Peer of France the Patent having been sent to him just before The Duke of Guise who as was said in the year 1650 more at large was Prisoner in Spain on account of the Troubles by him raised at Naples having at length in Compliance to many Princes who made Suit for his Liberty been Enlarged taking a solemn Oath never to bear Arms against Spain returned to France There after kissing the Kings Hand he asked leave without regard to his Oath to fit out a Fleet upon his own proper Cost and Charges to be a Terror to all the Dominions of the