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A79400 Political and military observations, remarks and maxims, of Charles V. late duke of Lorrain, general of the Emperor's forces From a manuscript left by him, and never printed before. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, 1643-1690.; Beck, Rupert.; Savage, John, fl. 1680, engraver. 1699 (1699) Wing C3650; ESTC R200475 66,262 303

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that sometimes in separate Bodies and on several Occasions as with Flying Camps at Sieges Attacks and with Detachments and Convoys The General as the Spring doth cause the Motion of all the Wheels the principal of which are the Lieutenant-Generals so should be Persons of tried Fidelity Courage and Ability Their Numbers are incertain they act according to the General 's Orders which they hand to others as in relation to Marches assigning Incampments Decampments ordering Ingagements commanding Retreats and Pursuits therefore Foresight Prudence Courage Knowledge and a presence of Mind in the greatest Hurry are their requisite Qualifications OF THE CAVALRY HORSE is so requisite in an Army that good Success in a great measure depends thereon for all Places are first possessed by them and those that exceed in their Numbers are likeliest to become Masters of the Field for by them Garisons are victualled the Army provided with Forrage Convoys Parties and Quarters beaten up surprised and sometimes carried away By the Horse it is that the Enemy is streightened the Country ravaged and harrassed by Incursions There is not an Enterprize of Hazard and Difficulty where the Horse is not concerned by their means Designs are compassed facilitated and expedited The Horse being so necessary so many of them are to be had as may answer the proportion of your Foot as well as that of the Enemies According to whose different Characters and Usefulnesses they are ordered whether as Cuirassiers Light-horse Dragoons Croates or Heydukes By these Passes are seized Blocades made and Contributions raised Marches expedited Pursuits and Surprises given in the expeditious executing of which they are more necessary and exceed the Foot whose slow Motions are often Impediments and cause Disappointments while the Horse by their quick and long Marches are the great Advantage though attended with Inconveniencies as being a greater Care and Charge Of the Trooper THis Post though the lowest yet from thence some have ascended to the highest Degree of Honour in Military Imploys and as the same Soil produces Grain of several sorts so the Bush and the Palm hath the same Origine for Virtue is not always found in elevated Fortunes nor will that Illustrious DAME be confined to Pallaces but the Country Cottage doth sometimes afford the World Heroes who from their Clods of Earth their Ploughs and Spades have ascended to the height of Honour These Considerations ought to quicken those in the most inferiour Station to be Emulators of those Ensamples of Virtue gone before them and incourage themselves with Hopes that by a patient persevering in Well-doing treading in their Steps having Incouragements with Opportunities they may justly aspire at that Honour and Glory that others before them have compassed But as his Mind should be aspiring and qualified with Courage and Bravery being undaunted fearing nothing but Shame and as his Inside is adorned with generous Virtues so his Outside should also have that of a comely Presence strong and manly rather tall than little and used to the Fatigues of riding not such as are taken from Towns or Cities where by an effeminate Life they are made tender and unfit for the Hardships of a Camp He should be young in Years from Twenty to Forty for Nature gives such Impressions to Age that ill Habits are not easily rectified but an old Trooper is a useful Member if grown so under Service whose Skill in Horsemanship need not be questioned which Knowledge all should at first bring with them As the choice of the Man is made so should also the Horse in some measure correspond who should neither be young nor old but strong-set well-limbed and not of a great heavy make yet large and full chested short and strongly coupled and jointed of clean Limbs and good Feet such as will stand Fire It is in Germany where Horses fit for Military Service most abound nor will any stand Fire like them As the Horseman is to be under the Command of his Superiour so he ought to have the Command of his Horse that neither Gun nor Drum shall disorder nor make him break his Rank Our Trooper should be as careful of his Horse as of himself and by being diligent careful and obedient to Order fearing his Captain more than his Enemy he may come to attain to that Preferment that his Merit calls for Of the Brigadier or Corporal THE Captain singles him out from among the eldest of the Troopers as judging him best qualified and experienced he is to the Horse what a Corporal or Serjeant is to the Foot in the Quartermaster's Absence he supplieth his Place To discharge his Duty well he must be no Stranger to Writing It is from him that the Captain expects an Account of all Omissions and Disorders with a List of the Horse and Men and of the Condition they are in When upon Duty by the Major's Order he sets the Vedetes whom he directs to prevent Remisness he often visits and in due time relieves them It is his Province to instruct the Troopers also what Forrage and Provisions are handed to him from the Quartermaster he distributes Of the Quarter-master HE is as a Steward to the Troop so should be prudent intelligent and faithful being intrusted with their Subsistence Courage Resolution and Diligence ought to be his Qualifications from him is expected a particular List of the Mens Names and Places from whence they are with whom he is to reckon pay and discount He sets down the Orders given him by his Officers and visits the Mens Quarters and Stables and doth see that all be in Order from the Horseman to the least of his Accouterments that from the Bridle to a Girth there be nothing wanting The Ammunition also is his Care which he distributes whether in the Field or Garrisons and takes Care that their Quarters be ready before their arrival He is to be at the Captains Quarters Morning and Evening to carry the Orders he hath received from his Major He commands Detachments and conducts them to their Place of Rendezvous His great Business is to see that the Troopers live in their Quarters in good order and that Complaints be silenced and Grievances redressed Thus by keeping good Quarter and assigning Quarters he hath given him the Name of Quarter-master Of the Cornet THis Post is the first Step to Honour being expensive is fit only for such as have Estates or are Gentlemen This Station is not so troublesome as honourable and should be filled up by a Man of Quality as his first Essay and if he hath before made a Campaign as a Volunteer he is the fitter for this Post But tho' Favour should have introduced him yet if his Inclination were the moving Cause Success may be expected for where generous Sentiments do put upon quest for Glory there Obedience will become easy and he will readily execute his Superiour's Orders and will set all his good Qualifications on work to compass his desired end There is in a natural
being thus led at pleasure which speaks their want of Courage as well as a Deficiency of other Regal and Princely Qualifications which occasions that Remisness and Lenity by which they are exposed to be cheated It is also an inlet to Irregularities that gives an occasion to think as if they feared to do Justice lest they offend thereby their Parasites thus not only the injured Subject suffers but also the Prince in the Opinion of his Subjects It is also very essential to the Preservation of the Peace and Prosperity of a People that Princes be their example of good as being their Looking-glass whose Examples are Precepts whether good or evil which work more upon the Vulgar than National Laws Therefore they should be bright and shining Lights to lead the way to Virtue the same should be all those they intrust with Power without which they will be but so many Ignes fatui that lead the Ignorant a-stray where Virtue is not the Standard there Common-wealths are made the feat of Vice which might have been the stage of Virtue It is the Stay of a Common-wealth that the Magistate knows to use his Authority for the Eyes of each are on him as a publick Dial that regulates adjacent Clocks so Subjects steer their Actions according to their Morals and though there may be Reasons for repealing and changing Laws yet while they stand in force they should not be suffered to be broken that it give not occasion to have them contemned and so become of no more effect than so many Scare-crows with which those Birds whom they should banish become familiar even to pearch upon the Head of what before was their terror having by experience learned That they are no more than toothless Bugbears It is not sufficient to have wholesome Laws but they must be put in practice to restrain the Disorderly For there are a sort of restless Men never satifyed no not even with their own Choice such who like the Rainbow always oppose the Sun Be the Government what it will they are for contradiction still aspiring after what they enjoy not These are the eternal Exclaimers against all reigning Establishments and are the Diseases in a Common-wealth which as gangrened Members ought to be removed or cut off for the good of the Body They are the Vermine Excrements and Nusances of whom Nature should discharge itself as of a common grievance following the president of that Prince who would have that Horse killed whose fiery Temper gave disquiet to his Camerades With more Reason factious Men ought to be examplarily punished as being the more dangerous sort of Brutes whose restless Tempers would be of worse consequence were they suffered to take Root therefore should be early mowed down or nipt in their Bud Or at least their Sting should be taken from them that their Poyson may not swell that Part they would affect Lenity in a Prince on such Occasions may be of ill consequence to the Publick and as Tyranny may be fatal so may Lenity be the ruin of a Government And though a Prince may not find it necessary to see nor hear all he may see or hear and that Prudence will that he dissemble the Knowledge of many Things yet there is a time that Justice must take Place That evil may be restrained but so as to prevent Despair lest the Exasperated finding all hopes excluded should awaken Revenge to the desperately overturning all before them For as Oppression weakens the Government so that Prince loses his Reputation when he retaineth no more of the Regal Qualities than the name and pomp of State that outward appearence gives him Where a Prince is loved feared and obeyed there the Government thriveth and Florishes for in Union consists the Strenght of the Body Politick who as our Bodies are composed of several Parts each having assigned them their different Offices for the good of the Whole to which order they all submit and agrees so that if one Part or Member is offended the other participates and are not angry at each others Acts But if a foreign Power wound an Eye tread on a Toe or hurt a Finger the whole Body shall be affected so as to discover each their Resentments How will the Eye shew its anger the Nose shrink the Mouth exclaim and the Hands fly to the assistance of the grieved Part The Feet even the whole Body according to the danger take the alarm Thus each Part sympathises in the common Good or Evil that relate to the whole Thus each one should be concerned for the common Good of that Republick of which they are Members It is observable That amongst irrational Creatures there is not found that discord as amongst Men they do not devour and destroy those of their own kind in which Men are worse than the worst of Brutes for they tear and devour each other in which their Shame they glory For the promoting this Union the Prince should be circumspect patient and quick in dispatches shewing his Power and Justice to some and his Humanity and lenity to others and not fly out when Things answer not the proposed Ends but to be armed against Disappointments For no Ship though steered by a skillful Pilot will in bad Weather always answer the Helm Therefore since every Countrey hath its mixtures of good and bad such Caution ought to be taken as to connive at what cannot be helped and seem not to see when seeing may eclipse Authority if not exercised It was our Saviour's Advice in the parable That the Tares should not be rooted out lest it indamaged the Wheat Therefore Prudence would rather yield to Fate and shut the Eye and Ear and bend rather than hazard breaking The Emblem of Hercules his boisterous managing the Rudder till it broke may be of use to shew how the Steersman may spoil the Ship 's sailing for the want of a prudent compliance and yielding to the circumstances of times is the interest both of Prince and People Machiavel tells us That he who cannot dissemble knows not how to reign not that Insincerity and Hypocrisy is proposed to be the Standard for the Prince to walk by But here is intended such a Compliance only as may consist with Honour and the Peoples Interest There is an honourable Condescension or yielding till a fitter Opportunity may offer it self Princes sometimes deal with their Subjects as with Children whose weaknesses are born with till can be got from them that hurtful Play-thing they so passionately cry after Neither should a Prince heap riches to the unease of his People let them shear but not flea their Sheep Where is the Honour to have a beggerly Subjects As he is the Head of the Body he ought to have a Regard that they that represent his Authority do not abuse it by wounding the Feet for when they are infeebled what shall support the whole To prevent which Covetousness is to be discouraged for a Prince is never so rich