Selected quad for the lemma: opinion_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
opinion_n	principal_a	scurvy_a	unguent_n	32	3	16.5882	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

therein for to make it pleasant in taste or without for a need you may well use it or the Lapis Medicamentosus dissolved into fair water maketh an excellent Lotion for the putrified gums Outward ●emedies for the S●urvy in gen●rall Touching good outward remedies for the cure of this grief bathes Fomentations with also good oyls and unguents cerates cataplasms or empla●ters are each necessary in their due times provided they be of comfortable ingredients namely those which minister warmth and nourishment to the diseased parts and open the pores obstructed all such I say are most fit provided they be alwaies applied very warm and the partie be laid and kept warm upon it Further if it be If swelling grow in any part a Lixivium is good Of what the Lixivium is made a swolne member then this following bathe to ●oment the member will be good namel● a Lixivium made of fresh water and ashes and being onely but reasonable sharp for too sharp of the ashes will over heat yea and excoriate this done and cleared boyl some hot hearbs flowres and seeds fitting therein such are Cammomile Mellilote Dill Wormewood Balme Rosemary Thyme Sage Bay-leaves Bay-berries Juniper berries Annis-seed Fennel Co●iander Carraway Dill seeds or the like these ingredients or those of them which may be had use and let them be boyled a little therein and either stupes of woollen or linnen clothes wet therein or put the ingredients into bagges after the decoction is made with them and the place well fomented therewith and so laid to sweat with some of the hearbs in the same bagges well wrung out and hot applied till the next dressing But if the disease proceed with stiffnes and hardnesse of the sinews then forbear the Lixivium I mean put no ashes thereto and make the decoction of the mentioned ingredients boyled in the broth of the beef-kettle in wine beer or water for a need adding some salt and likewise if you have it Linseed oyle neats-foot oyle sheeps-foot oyle or oyle of Almonds oyle of Camomile Dill or earth-worms of Bayes of Lillies or some one of them A bath of blood very good Also where you can have it a good bath of the blood of beasts either cows horses asses goats or sheeps blood is exceeding good The manner how to bathe in this bath of blood namely to put the legs of the Patient yea and his body too if it may be into a tub made fitting and the blood kept warm part thereof being still kept hot on the fire and renew therewith the bath still as it cooleth with the warm blood for some reasonable time this restoreth A bath of milk and comforteth mightily the decayed spirits Milk of it self is also good to be used in that kind where it may be had Of Oyles thereto Oyles good outward helps and what they be OYls good to anoint which are Oleum Chamamillae Laurini Anethi or Lumbricorum with à little Spike oyl oyl of Turpentine oyl of Nutmegs pressed out oyl of Peter oyl of Exitor or oyl of Juniper Much hard frication very beneficiall or one of the same mixed with them or some good Aqua vitae and to use strong frication with warm soft hands long continued helpeth much Vnguents What Vnguents are herein helpfull GOod Unguents to help these griefs in my opinion are every warm and comforting unguent in use in the Chirurgions chest but I have had especial trial of an Unguent the composition whereof Two principall Vnguents of soveraign vertue against the Scurvie shall be hereafter described which is named Contra Scorbutum as also of the Vnguentum Populeon I mean the same composition Valerius Cordus hath described for I find it to be very good but you may well say how doth he contradict himself which even now adviseth warming Unguents and presently reciteth Populeon for one which is known to be cold but though I have haste let me I pray thee answer for my self in that one point which I know to be a principal Arcanum in Many ●edicines 〈◊〉 shew that which in effect they are not healing not looked into many a medicine hath a seeming shew to be cold and yet doth contrary effects witnesse Quicksilver juice of Lemmons Vitriol oyl of Vitriol Salt-peter Allum Sorrel and divers others which I could recite all which may easily be proved either hot or cold by their several strong operations and effects which they perform as for example to beginne with Quicksilver it is affirmed What Quicksilver is in shew and in effect to be extreme cold of infinite Writers and his repercussive qualitie sheweth the same as also in repelling and cooleth hot tumours with also the varietie of cold diseases and contractions Podagrical and Chirurgicall procured thereby to divers Artificers which work much therewith as namely to Guilders Foilers of looking-glasses and the like Trades-men which sheweth the same to be cold It also sheweth it self to be hot diversly as namely in that it is so extream subtil and penetrative so invisible to enter the body per poros cutis and being in the body so volatil and busie so caustick and corrosive so extream Laxative so diaphoretick so diaveritick so mundificative so incarnative and so sigillative or siccatrizing as the like medicine by the art or wit of man was never found out juice of Lemmons was ever reputed a cold medicine prescribed and given daily by the Physicians The different vertue of the iuyce of Lemmons in burning and pestilential fevers and that with good reason and good successe even to this day and yet to that notable and cold and terrible disease of the Scurvie how excellent hath it been approved how then in these two recited medicines holds the old Axiom Similia conservantur similibus contraria contrariorum remedia sunt even as true as vox populi vox Dei or pepper is hot in the mouth and cold in the maw if I would desire truly to cool and temper the boyling of the bloud inwardly which I my self would take yea were it upon the safeguard of my own life I would take five or sixe drops of good oil A singu●a● and approved good medicine to temper the boiling of blood of Vitriol in a draught of fair water with a little sugar a drop or two of Rose-water and as much wine vineger mark well my words if thou knowest not these medicines they are worth knowing or ʒj of saltniter which is also called Lapis prunella in the like liquor and for want of the sugar Rose-water or vineger of it self or with the water onely for a need I have often proved them so true coolers that they have stayed the Hemoragie or bleeding at the nose the latter whereof shal To stop bleeding at nose good rules seldome fail if you by outward means proceed rationally by applying to the forehead cold and astringent things as also to the nape of the neck also

of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppur●●e H●ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Para●elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or ℞ flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised ℥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill ℥ iiij Axungia porcina ℥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those

affirmeth it safe and good of his own Practise and M. Richard Wood a worthy Father in Chirurgery confesseth the same in small joynts to be good but not in the knee Note also it is convenient if the occasion of dismembring grow by reason of a Gangrene the body of the party and spirits not wasted before with long sicknesse to let go some reasonable quantity of blood in dismembring because it is supposed to be venomous but in a spent weak body who hath had a long pining disease preserve his blood and spirits as careful as if they were thine own and yet remembring this one rule which all the London Hospital Chirurgions hold there is more hope in a weak spent body then in a full body note further that if the legg be taken off above the knee there is the more danger also there is great care to be had to the great vein and artery namely that thou take them up and pierce them thorow and make strong ligature about them which must be speedily done if thou canst do it but at first I fear thou wilt miss yet be not discouraged nor stand too long to seek them but go on with like hope Also if the occasion of dismembring proceed of a Gangrene by reason of an inward cause it were requisite to take the member off four fingers above the Gangrene at the Least if the member will bear it and let the Patient have some cordial potion furthermore in dismembring where there be two bones as namely in the leg it is not amiss to set the Saw first on the outward part of the leg that both the bones might be cut at once for the lesse thou shalt shake the member the better and the more ease to the Patient moreover concerning the second The composition of M. GallesVaguent and the good use of it dressing M. Gall teacheth this unguent following if occasion be as a good remedy to swage pain and cause the Eskar to fall but for my part except pain did cause me I should never respect the hasting of the Eskar to fall for I am of opinion as I have said in other places that it is frivolous to hasten the fall of any Eskar whatsoever which Eskar was forced by caustick medicines and yet I deny not this or the like unguent may be found to be of good use to swage pain therefore I have set it down and it is as followeth ℞ Terebinthine ℥ ij Butyrir●ce●tis ℥ iiij Cera ℥ i ss Ung. Populeon lib. ss melt these together and it is made then being warmed dip plegents therein and apply them but in want of this ungue●t a good digestive of T●●ebinthine and the yolk of an egg is as good Erplastrum de minio mollified with a little oyl of Roses Ung. Basilicum or Arceus Liniment are likewise good remedies the rest of the cure differeth little from the ordinary cure of ulcers only a great care must be had that all your dressings be warm and keep the cold from the end of the stump as much as you can and chiefely from the end of the bones to which purpose warm oyl of Roses daily applyed to the ends thereof will do well further to foment it with a good Lixivium wherein is strong wine is good after some fourteen daies sometimes also it will do well to make one dressing with Aqua vi●●e wherein a stup hot wrung out of the same may be warm applyed to the grief and then warm clothes and convenient rowlings and sometimes also one dressing with dry lint or of soft tow is likewise good and sometimes unguentum mixtum viz. Basilicum Aegyptiacum ana partes aequal The compositi●● of the Cataplasme The defensative Cataplasme or stuff often mentioned is made of the ordinary restrictive powder prescribed in the chest mixed with the white of an egge and wine venegar the strongest restrictive of all is already set down but in ordinary fluxes in wounds Bole may serve very well Thus much for this time touching dismembring being according to mine own practise Of the Scurvy called in Latine Scorbutum The Preface Marine●s most subject to the Scurvy THis lamentable disease which hath so long and so fiercely assailed Saylers and Sea-men of all sorts more then Landmen It is strange in so many ages past that no one Chirurgeon of our countrey men hath out of his experience taken in hand sincerely to set down to posterities the true causes signes and cure thereof neither left any instructions caveats or experiences for the prevention or cure of the same yet it may be some may say the cure thereof is common and we have in our own countrey here many excellent remedies generally known as namely Scurvy-grasse Horse-Reddish roots Nasturtia Aquatica Worm-wood Sorrel and many other good means the truth is we have so but mark how far they extend onely to the Cure of those which live at home or else it may be said they also help some Sea-men returned from far who by the natural disposition of the fresh air and amendment of diet nature her self in effect doth the Cure without other helps as daily it is seen This thing therefore being so what should I spend my time in teaching that Method or those medicines to the Chirurgions Mate which will not be had at Sea neither if they could be had will suffice for the Cure thereof where the disease raingneth fiercely This Treatise most concerneth Sea-men Having therefore very small time I must constrain my self to go briefely to the businesse in hand namely to enform the Chirurgions Mate how he should demean himself to comfort his Patients at Sea in that most dangerous disease neither will I here strive to give the curious Reader other content then this that if he like it not let him amend it himself which I should heartily rejoyce to see any good man do knowing mine own weakness A learned Treatise befits not my Pen and to declare those good medicines which cannot be had at Sea is but time lost What the Disease called the Scurvy is Definition of the Scurvy and the nature thereof THE Scurvy is a disease of the spleen whereby it is sometimes wholly stopped sometimes onely distempered sometimes also appearing with hard Scyrros swellings beginning and shewing themselves in divers parts of the body but more particularly on the thighes and leggs causing them to seem of a Leady colour the sharpnesse of which infectious humor oft offendeth the mouth and gummes of the diseased and causeth the flesh thereof to rot and stink The names of the Disease The divers appellations thereof THe Scurvy is called of some Cathexia universalis of other Sceletyrbe and of some Stomacacen it is a Chronical disease not simple but compound of many other diseases The causes of the Disease FIrst the Disease comes as is said by obstructions of the spleen and by the thicknesse of the humour not the multitude Some judicious Writers do affirm

unto God for his help and mercy and yet not to mistrust but to use all artificial means referring the successe to the Almighty Wherefore in this case I hold nothing better then a good purge of Rubarb and then to take three or four grains of Laudanum Paracelsi then after The cure of a flux through the contagion of the aire there may be given him one scruple of the best Treacle or Mithridate or London Treacle or meerly Laudanum alone You may give the party also a little Cinamon water or Aqua Theriaculis or Carduus water laying him to rest It were also to be confidered whether the body standeth in need of bleeding purging or a glyster but when as the disease proceeds from contagious and venomous aire and is fierce I hold it the safest course to forbear bleeding or purging for If the flux be fierce and sudden what to be done fear of drawing back the venome to the principal parts and rather to fly to Alexipharmacons or Preservatives as Venice Treacle Mithridate Diatesseron London Treacle or the like And presently after or immediately with it as is said give a dose of Laudanum which of it self is a perfect cordial and a good preservative Many learned writers are of opinion that this disease is infectious The flix through the aire is infectious and that the breath and excrements of the sick man may easily infect a sound man affirming also that from putrified and diseased bowels infections vapours do ascend and descend and partly the rather by a kind of sympathy our bodies have each with other but lest that opinion of mine uttered may perhaps offend the courage of young Artists Infection should not daunt Chirurgions called lawsully to the cure of any disease whatsoever whom I seek by all possible means to embolden let them take this rule from me in the fear of God I hold no disease infectious to me in that I have a lawful calling and I am therefore bound to visit the diseased which who so neglecteth God will find him out with that disease or a worse Now a word or two of such medicines as are belonging to the chest found in the ship or at the utmost may be found in the East-Indies or that are likely to be found there I intend to set forth some instructions for the Chirurgions Mate and first The cure of Dysentery at sea of Lientery note I have cured many both in Dysentery and Lientery with burned Harts-horn or in want hereof I have found that onely the hard bones of Beef or Pork calcined or meerly burned till they be white for so they must be and it may easily be done in any wood or coal-fire being not a fire of sea-coal and then being powdered fine and given continually in the ordinary drinks during the time of the sicknesse it helpeth much and you may assure your self that if you take much or little of it it can do no harm to be taken and with some few drops of Cynamon water if it may be had it is the better or a little Nutmeg and Cynamon in powder therein also I have givenit sometime with Rosasolis and fair water mixed of each two spoonfuls and ʒj of the powder of bones Another secret which hath cured many of the flix ℞ Wheat flowre and thrust it veryclose together into an end ofa clout and so bind it up hard and close like a bullet and put it into boyling water and boil it three hours or more and you shall find it will be very dry and hard as chalk and powder it and give of this powder ʒij or more in any liquid substance fitting and it is a very good midicine for any flux of the belly either white or red this medicine hath been often proved and found sure at sea and land yet it helpeth the vertue of the medicine well if the vehicle or menstrum you give it in be also good namely if you give it with some liquid medicine proper to the grief also Crocus Martis ℈ i. given in red wine Aligant or French wine or with beer or water for a need adding certain drops of Cinamon water it is a very good medicine The same also is given with Venice Treacle or London Treacle or good Mithridate is likewise very good but to a weak person give it alone with Sugar it will please his tast better then with other strong medicines The cure if the disease proceed of worms But if you perceive the disease proceeds of worms as often it doth then give the patient a glyster of a decoction of Althea roots with a little worm-wood adding Coloquintidaʒij where there is no great acrimonious A glyster pains in the guts but where there is great dolour in the guts rather put some Bay-berries namely ʒ ss in your decoction which decoction you may alsomake meerly of the brain if you please and make it not too slimy I mean put not too much bran or roots therein then add if you have it of Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains Deer suet ℥ ii or three ounces and give it stirring well the powder therein The means to kill worms this Aquilla Laxativa certainly will kill any worms and give present ease also almost all bitter things kill worms as Aloes Agaricum Coloquintida Worm-wood and the like but principally Aquilla Laxativa doth it sure and is safe to be given the dose by way of glyster is to 10. grains Mr. Edwards his medicine for the flux ℞ red-rose water ij spoons full Cinamon ℥ ij Almonds of vallence ℥ iiij unblanched the Cinamon is to be bruised and boiled in iij. pounds of water till ii pounds be consumed then reserve that decoction and add three pounds more of fair water to the former Cinamon and boil it as afore reserve both the waters together then beat or rather grind well your Almonds and being well ground and beaten add thereto some little quantity of the water mentioned grinding the Almonds therewith and again beat the said Almonds and so often beat and strain them with more of the said liquor or water till all the substance of them be in the decoction which will be in the form of an Almond milk then add rose water ij spoonfuls and as much sugar as to sweeten the said drink give the Patient thereof to drink so oft as he please Gluttony a cause of the Flux Let such as fear the flix not overgorge themselves for the evercharging straining of the stomack of● bringeth this sicknesse chiefly when the body is weak as also if the food taken be crude or not well boyled or rosted and meerly fresh without any Salt Also the use of eating Tamarindes brought from Bantham if you use them overmuch by their acrimony may easily cause a flux although their vertues in preserving from the Scurvy are unreproveable and very good indeed The signs of the places aff●cted with the Flux The higher towards the stomach