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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

therein for to make it pleasant in taste or without for a need you may well use it or the Lapis Medicamentosus dissolved into fair water maketh an excellent Lotion for the putrified gums Outward ●emedies for the S●urvy in gen●rall Touching good outward remedies for the cure of this grief bathes Fomentations with also good oyls and unguents cerates cataplasms or empla●ters are each necessary in their due times provided they be of comfortable ingredients namely those which minister warmth and nourishment to the diseased parts and open the pores obstructed all such I say are most fit provided they be alwaies applied very warm and the partie be laid and kept warm upon it Further if it be If swelling grow in any part a Lixivium is good Of what the Lixivium is made a swolne member then this following bathe to ●oment the member will be good namel● a Lixivium made of fresh water and ashes and being onely but reasonable sharp for too sharp of the ashes will over heat yea and excoriate this done and cleared boyl some hot hearbs flowres and seeds fitting therein such are Cammomile Mellilote Dill Wormewood Balme Rosemary Thyme Sage Bay-leaves Bay-berries Juniper berries Annis-seed Fennel Co●iander Carraway Dill seeds or the like these ingredients or those of them which may be had use and let them be boyled a little therein and either stupes of woollen or linnen clothes wet therein or put the ingredients into bagges after the decoction is made with them and the place well fomented therewith and so laid to sweat with some of the hearbs in the same bagges well wrung out and hot applied till the next dressing But if the disease proceed with stiffnes and hardnesse of the sinews then forbear the Lixivium I mean put no ashes thereto and make the decoction of the mentioned ingredients boyled in the broth of the beef-kettle in wine beer or water for a need adding some salt and likewise if you have it Linseed oyle neats-foot oyle sheeps-foot oyle or oyle of Almonds oyle of Camomile Dill or earth-worms of Bayes of Lillies or some one of them A bath of blood very good Also where you can have it a good bath of the blood of beasts either cows horses asses goats or sheeps blood is exceeding good The manner how to bathe in this bath of blood namely to put the legs of the Patient yea and his body too if it may be into a tub made fitting and the blood kept warm part thereof being still kept hot on the fire and renew therewith the bath still as it cooleth with the warm blood for some reasonable time this restoreth A bath of milk and comforteth mightily the decayed spirits Milk of it self is also good to be used in that kind where it may be had Of Oyles thereto Oyles good outward helps and what they be OYls good to anoint which are Oleum Chamamillae Laurini Anethi or Lumbricorum with à little Spike oyl oyl of Turpentine oyl of Nutmegs pressed out oyl of Peter oyl of Exitor or oyl of Juniper Much hard frication very beneficiall or one of the same mixed with them or some good Aqua vitae and to use strong frication with warm soft hands long continued helpeth much Vnguents What Vnguents are herein helpfull GOod Unguents to help these griefs in my opinion are every warm and comforting unguent in use in the Chirurgions chest but I have had especial trial of an Unguent the composition whereof Two principall Vnguents of soveraign vertue against the Scurvie shall be hereafter described which is named Contra Scorbutum as also of the Vnguentum Populeon I mean the same composition Valerius Cordus hath described for I find it to be very good but you may well say how doth he contradict himself which even now adviseth warming Unguents and presently reciteth Populeon for one which is known to be cold but though I have haste let me I pray thee answer for my self in that one point which I know to be a principal Arcanum in Many ●edicines 〈◊〉 shew that which in effect they are not healing not looked into many a medicine hath a seeming shew to be cold and yet doth contrary effects witnesse Quicksilver juice of Lemmons Vitriol oyl of Vitriol Salt-peter Allum Sorrel and divers others which I could recite all which may easily be proved either hot or cold by their several strong operations and effects which they perform as for example to beginne with Quicksilver it is affirmed What Quicksilver is in shew and in effect to be extreme cold of infinite Writers and his repercussive qualitie sheweth the same as also in repelling and cooleth hot tumours with also the varietie of cold diseases and contractions Podagrical and Chirurgicall procured thereby to divers Artificers which work much therewith as namely to Guilders Foilers of looking-glasses and the like Trades-men which sheweth the same to be cold It also sheweth it self to be hot diversly as namely in that it is so extream subtil and penetrative so invisible to enter the body per poros cutis and being in the body so volatil and busie so caustick and corrosive so extream Laxative so diaphoretick so diaveritick so mundificative so incarnative and so sigillative or siccatrizing as the like medicine by the art or wit of man was never found out juice of Lemmons was ever reputed a cold medicine prescribed and given daily by the Physicians The different vertue of the iuyce of Lemmons in burning and pestilential fevers and that with good reason and good successe even to this day and yet to that notable and cold and terrible disease of the Scurvie how excellent hath it been approved how then in these two recited medicines holds the old Axiom Similia conservantur similibus contraria contrariorum remedia sunt even as true as vox populi vox Dei or pepper is hot in the mouth and cold in the maw if I would desire truly to cool and temper the boyling of the bloud inwardly which I my self would take yea were it upon the safeguard of my own life I would take five or sixe drops of good oil A singu●a● and approved good medicine to temper the boiling of blood of Vitriol in a draught of fair water with a little sugar a drop or two of Rose-water and as much wine vineger mark well my words if thou knowest not these medicines they are worth knowing or ʒj of saltniter which is also called Lapis prunella in the like liquor and for want of the sugar Rose-water or vineger of it self or with the water onely for a need I have often proved them so true coolers that they have stayed the Hemoragie or bleeding at the nose the latter whereof shal To stop bleeding at nose good rules seldome fail if you by outward means proceed rationally by applying to the forehead cold and astringent things as also to the nape of the neck also

affirmeth it safe and good of his own Practise and M. Richard Wood a worthy Father in Chirurgery confesseth the same in small joynts to be good but not in the knee Note also it is convenient if the occasion of dismembring grow by reason of a Gangrene the body of the party and spirits not wasted before with long sicknesse to let go some reasonable quantity of blood in dismembring because it is supposed to be venomous but in a spent weak body who hath had a long pining disease preserve his blood and spirits as careful as if they were thine own and yet remembring this one rule which all the London Hospital Chirurgions hold there is more hope in a weak spent body then in a full body note further that if the legg be taken off above the knee there is the more danger also there is great care to be had to the great vein and artery namely that thou take them up and pierce them thorow and make strong ligature about them which must be speedily done if thou canst do it but at first I fear thou wilt miss yet be not discouraged nor stand too long to seek them but go on with like hope Also if the occasion of dismembring proceed of a Gangrene by reason of an inward cause it were requisite to take the member off four fingers above the Gangrene at the Least if the member will bear it and let the Patient have some cordial potion furthermore in dismembring where there be two bones as namely in the leg it is not amiss to set the Saw first on the outward part of the leg that both the bones might be cut at once for the lesse thou shalt shake the member the better and the more ease to the Patient moreover concerning the second The composition of M. GallesVaguent and the good use of it dressing M. Gall teacheth this unguent following if occasion be as a good remedy to swage pain and cause the Eskar to fall but for my part except pain did cause me I should never respect the hasting of the Eskar to fall for I am of opinion as I have said in other places that it is frivolous to hasten the fall of any Eskar whatsoever which Eskar was forced by caustick medicines and yet I deny not this or the like unguent may be found to be of good use to swage pain therefore I have set it down and it is as followeth ℞ Terebinthine ℥ ij Butyrir●ce●tis ℥ iiij Cera ℥ i ss Ung. Populeon lib. ss melt these together and it is made then being warmed dip plegents therein and apply them but in want of this ungue●t a good digestive of T●●ebinthine and the yolk of an egg is as good Erplastrum de minio mollified with a little oyl of Roses Ung. Basilicum or Arceus Liniment are likewise good remedies the rest of the cure differeth little from the ordinary cure of ulcers only a great care must be had that all your dressings be warm and keep the cold from the end of the stump as much as you can and chiefely from the end of the bones to which purpose warm oyl of Roses daily applyed to the ends thereof will do well further to foment it with a good Lixivium wherein is strong wine is good after some fourteen daies sometimes also it will do well to make one dressing with Aqua vi●●e wherein a stup hot wrung out of the same may be warm applyed to the grief and then warm clothes and convenient rowlings and sometimes also one dressing with dry lint or of soft tow is likewise good and sometimes unguentum mixtum viz. Basilicum Aegyptiacum ana partes aequal The compositi●● of the Cataplasme The defensative Cataplasme or stuff often mentioned is made of the ordinary restrictive powder prescribed in the chest mixed with the white of an egge and wine venegar the strongest restrictive of all is already set down but in ordinary fluxes in wounds Bole may serve very well Thus much for this time touching dismembring being according to mine own practise Of the Scurvy called in Latine Scorbutum The Preface Marine●s most subject to the Scurvy THis lamentable disease which hath so long and so fiercely assailed Saylers and Sea-men of all sorts more then Landmen It is strange in so many ages past that no one Chirurgeon of our countrey men hath out of his experience taken in hand sincerely to set down to posterities the true causes signes and cure thereof neither left any instructions caveats or experiences for the prevention or cure of the same yet it may be some may say the cure thereof is common and we have in our own countrey here many excellent remedies generally known as namely Scurvy-grasse Horse-Reddish roots Nasturtia Aquatica Worm-wood Sorrel and many other good means the truth is we have so but mark how far they extend onely to the Cure of those which live at home or else it may be said they also help some Sea-men returned from far who by the natural disposition of the fresh air and amendment of diet nature her self in effect doth the Cure without other helps as daily it is seen This thing therefore being so what should I spend my time in teaching that Method or those medicines to the Chirurgions Mate which will not be had at Sea neither if they could be had will suffice for the Cure thereof where the disease raingneth fiercely This Treatise most concerneth Sea-men Having therefore very small time I must constrain my self to go briefely to the businesse in hand namely to enform the Chirurgions Mate how he should demean himself to comfort his Patients at Sea in that most dangerous disease neither will I here strive to give the curious Reader other content then this that if he like it not let him amend it himself which I should heartily rejoyce to see any good man do knowing mine own weakness A learned Treatise befits not my Pen and to declare those good medicines which cannot be had at Sea is but time lost What the Disease called the Scurvy is Definition of the Scurvy and the nature thereof THE Scurvy is a disease of the spleen whereby it is sometimes wholly stopped sometimes onely distempered sometimes also appearing with hard Scyrros swellings beginning and shewing themselves in divers parts of the body but more particularly on the thighes and leggs causing them to seem of a Leady colour the sharpnesse of which infectious humor oft offendeth the mouth and gummes of the diseased and causeth the flesh thereof to rot and stink The names of the Disease The divers appellations thereof THe Scurvy is called of some Cathexia universalis of other Sceletyrbe and of some Stomacacen it is a Chronical disease not simple but compound of many other diseases The causes of the Disease FIrst the Disease comes as is said by obstructions of the spleen and by the thicknesse of the humour not the multitude Some judicious Writers do affirm

diseased people For who is so fit or to whom doth the whole use of all good medicines so justly appertain unto as to the Surgeon that is expert who by his Majestie is prest and thereby commanded as well as by Christian dutie tied upon all occasions to heal wounded and other diseased p●rsons Galen in his third and fourth books De meth●do medendi doth name the Artist Medicus that doth cure ulcers and wounds c. and many ancient Writers call him Medicus Chirurgus whereby it appeareth that the Surgeon is Medicus à medendo and retains the name Chirurg●s by performing the art of healing in a practick way namely by the hand and therefore is rightly termed Medicus Chirurgus and thereby is capable to use all medicines for healing And if so of necessitie he must not be fo●●idden lawfull practice otherwise how shall he well perform his scope of healing when he is either in Ship in Camp or but any where in the Countrey where Physicians either are not at hand or will not come as when and where contagious diseases happen namely the small and great pox or the pestilence c. Now here in all conscience the Surgeon is to be admitted to shew his utmost skill for healing mens infirmities without danger of any Law if he be a man lawfully called as aforesaid to the exercise thereof otherwise it were very unreasonable that the Surgeon alone should be pressed out of the healing of his Majesties subjects where no Physician nor Apothecary is admitted to advise assist or direct him and yet to practise should be held unlawfull for him when he performeth his best in any action or part of healing for his patients good But God be thanked there are both ancient and modern good Laws Orders and Ordinances which do manifestly enable a Surgeon to exercise his science and to breed up servants to be expert therein for the better continuance of the art and for the future encrease of good and able Surgeons for the service of his Majestie and the Common-wealth And to manifest the same his Highness not onely alloweth the use of inward and physical drugs and medicines to the Surgeons for his own service but is further gratiously pleased out of his own Coffers to pay for them as elsewhere in this Treatise more at large will appear Thus much in generall by way of Preface Now the Author in this following Treatise desires to excuse himself by way of Apologie to the Chirurgicall Reader for his over forwardnesse in the unfolding to the vulgar what he hath hereafter done by his explaining of a Surgeons Chest which he never intended untill nolens v●len● he was put upon it who having in his younger daies spent divers years in travel in forraign nations for the gaining of knowledge and experience in his calling setled himself in London where according to the weak talent of his education he endeavoured to obtain some answerable perfection therein that so by doing good he might give the better account of the dutie of his calling by cursing of such as committed themselves to his weak skill in which endeavours before he was in his own opinion worthie thereof it pleased the honourable Societie of Merchants trading to the East Indies in the beginning of the Trade to make choice of him and to appoint him Surgeon generall for all their imployments as well by Sea as Land reposing in him also the credit and trust for ordering and appointing fit and able Surgeons and Surgeons Mates for their ships and services as also the fitting and furnishing their Surgerie Chests with medicines instruments and other appurtenances thereunto Which credit and weightie charge so neerly concerning the lives of their servants reposed in him instigated him to imploy all his endeavours to answer their so great trust imposed on him For the effecting whereof hee had no way better to recompence them then by reducing their Surgeons Chests with all the particulars thereof into an order and method which was never undertaken before by any although very requisite but being once done it would not onely benefit them but also be a perpetual good for the service of his Majestie and the Common-wealth ●or by want hereof the said East India Companie and many of their servants as also many other publike actions abroad of great consequence have suffered much and namel● by unworthy impostors under the names of Surgeons to the dishonour of God and scandall of the true professors of the art of Surgerie by many mis●ries undergone both by the hardie Sea-man and valiant Souldier For remedie whereof and in want of some more learned and expert then himselfe he undertook the work the said honourable Company being ever most willing without limitation or grudging to beare the rea●onable charge thereof and to give approbation of the Authours weak endeavours which otherwise could never have been done who through Gods mercie and their favourable acceptance thereof hath performed the said charge and continued their servant to their contents for full twentie foure yeares alreadie Yet notwithstanding his dutie by reason of the trust reposed in him by his said honourable Masters wa● not therein fulfilled for he was if he would fabricate a new invented Surgeons ●he●t also tied in Conscience to instruct all and every Surgeon that was to make use thereof in their services in the knowledge and us● of all such m●dicines and new inventions as were of his production and induction And although it well might be conceived divers of them in knowledge otherwise exceeded him yet nevertheless in the true use of new medicine how good soever which he had intruded upon them not being within their owne former breeding and practice he was obliged also to instruct them in the uses and dangers incident by mistakes fit to be foreseene and that by writing As also he was further tied for his owne reputation sake to performe the same in some methodicall and plaine way And because untill that time no Writer that he could possibly finde out had ever handled or written any thing worthie of note of that subject namely of the methodicall composure of a militarie Surgeons Chest he was put upon the toyle and studie of new inventions for the fit composure of medicines and instruments and that without the helpe of Authours yea and without the help of the Surgeons themselves that were to use the said Chests who especially the more ignorant sort of them for their own private ends and in part to cover their imperfections and absurdities forcibly withstood him Yet notwithstanding all such discouragements after he perceived in himself any hope or abilitie of effecting the worke he proceeded on with courage being confident of the goodnesse and usefulnesse thereof for the preserving of mens lives and limbes and would also in time to come prove profitable both ●or the service of his Maiestie and the whole Common-wealth as at this day is manifest For this Work hath already turned the whole composure of

vitae are very good to cure wounds in joynts where the joynt water gleeteth out Diamoron simplex OR Diamoron simplex not unlike Mel Rosarum is profitable in Gargarismes against the eating ulcers of the mouth as aforesaid cutteth away flegme and cleanseth the mouth and throat and by reason of the pleasing tast thereof is the more comfortable to the diseased Syrupus raphani sylvestris OR Sirupe of wild Radish breaketh the stone mundifieth the reins provoketh urine is profitable for the Kings-evil and is an approved medicine for the Scurvy to be drunk daily Syrupus Prunellorum OR Sirrupe of Sloes doth refrigerate and comfort the stomack stoppeth fluxes healeth the excoriations of the intrals The dose may be ℥ ii at once Cons Rosarum Rubrarum OR Conserve of Red-roses is good for the heart and head strengthning and comforting both as also the bowels mitigating their heat and stoppeth fluxions and is much the more profitable in any grief if a few drops of oyl of vitriol be mixed therewith but beware of too much Conser Anthos OR Conserve of Anthos or Rose-mary flowers is of much use in physick because of the force it hath in comforting the brain and corroborating the sinews and is given with good successe for the falling sicknesse Apoplexie Lithargie dead and shaking Palsie but it will not keep long at Sea in hot Countries Rob. Berberies OR Conserve of Berberies doth refrigerate and is astringent it quencheth thirst and the heat of the stomack and bowels it causeth appetite removeth the waterish humour of choler cureth the bloody flix the flux of the liver the often gnawing and wringing of the guts caused by choler healeth the small pox and resisteth drunkennesse Rob. Citoniorum OR Conserve of Quinces doth bind comfort the stomack is good for choler stoppeth all kind of bloody fluxes and helpeth digestion Conser Luiule OR Conserve of wood-sorrel doth recreate and comfort the heart removeth putride humours refrigerateth and profiteth much in continual and contagious fevers being very cordial but will perish in hot Countries great store of this herb is found in Soldanie at the Cape of Good-hope as I am informed Conser Prunellorum OR Conserve of Sloes is of a comforting stiptick force very profitable to comfort a weak stomack oppressed with crudities good against all fluxes of the belly and also good to heal all inflammations or excoriations occasioned by the same either taken on a knife in form of a Bolus or given in Glisters Electuarium Diacatholicon THis Electuary Diacatholicon doth purge gently all humours it is conveniently used in fevers and other diseases which arise from a certain evil disposition of the spleen and liver the dose is ℥ i. Electuarium Diaphenicon DIaphenicon purgeth easily and safely flegme and melancholy it helpeth the belly-ake chollick continual burnings fevers and all evils proceeding of choler and flegme the dose is ℥ i. Diaprunum simplex DIaprunum simplex is commended for a gentle laxative not onely against continual aud hot intermitting fevers but also against all hot diseases and against the vices of the lungs throat reins and bladder the dose is ℥ i. Confectio Hamech COnfectio Hamech purgeth choler melancholy and salt flegme and is therefore with great benefit used against diseases arising from the same the Canker Leprosie or dry Scurfe Madnesse Ringworm Itching Scabs and the like the dose ʒ vi Electuarium de succo Rosarum THe Electuary of juice of Roses is powerful in purging of yellow choler the dose is ℥ i. Extract Catholicon purgans THis extract is a laxative medicine being drawn from the most excellent of vegetable laxative ingredients fitting to be ever ready at hand in a Surgeons Chest or else where in Surgery The dose is small namely 15. grains at the most the tast pleasant not nauseous nor bitter at all neither causing tortions nor gripings in the bowells It is a medicine that will keep good for seven years without putrefaction the vertues whereof have been by the Author for many years well experienced both at Sea and Land approved of Now for that it is the honour of every expert Artist Cito tutè jucundè sanare that is quickly safely and pleasantly to perform his scope in the comforting and curing of his patient I have therefore thought fit to recommend the use hereof to the Surgeon to be practised by him as well in military as Domestick occasions And this medicine that here I commend to the reader answereth fitly those fornamed attributes by reason of his gentle and easie operation in safe purging per secessum or downward It exceedeth other purgatives therein the dose being duly observed for it purgeth the head the stomack the belly and liver of all grosse offending humours either flegmatick cholerick or melancholy also it purgeth watty and slimy humours and taketh away the chollick or gripings of the bowels and withall it comforteth the stomack yea any child or woman with child may safely take hereof It is best to be taken fasting in a morning and to eat in three hours after the receipt thereof onely the party may take drink or rather which were best warm broth or in want thereof posset drink or beer for a need somewhat warmed and the party that taketh it were best he keep within his Chamber and not to sleep in the time of the working of the medicines but if he goeth out urged by his necessities being careful to keep himself warm he is in no danger thereby although I confesse to keep in were better And whereas Paracelsus saith that every good laxative medicine ought to contain in general three operations or faculties as proper to it namely First that it purge nature without offence of danger Secondly that it strengthen nature being debilitated or weakned Thirdly that it do comfort nature yet the said Author is of opinion and that justly that the excellency of purgative medicines is not alwayes to be judged of by the numbers of stools it provoketh but much more for the Artanum thereof or hidden specifical power it hath in the curing and rooting out of diseases although they be inveterate And moreover this medicine is very safe to be given in cases of the plague or small pox where and when by advice a purge is fitting to be given Diatrion Pipereon DIatrion Pipereon doth help the stomack and is good against belching quartans cold and all flatious diseases or wounds of the species thereof you may ℞ ℥ i. honey ℥ v put them together being well mixed and keep the same to give upon occasion to a weak stomack fasting or at any time it will warm and comfort him much when men feel their stomacks oppressed with obstructions by reason of cold now and then a little thereof given them will much comfort them and preserve them well from fluxes of the belly Theriaca Londini THis conposition was heretofore appointed by the Doctors of the Physitions Colledge in London as a thing very requisite for that the

anodine plaister as namely Paracelsus plaister I hold chief next that I hold Emp. Betonica described by Arceus then Diacalfithios Minium Gratia Dei or Mellilote any of which as thy discretion and store affords is proper The rest of the Cure I refer to be proceeded in with balm and plaisters as is said in ordinary form and if any loose bones be remove them onely force none out before their time without great cause if no bones be imagined strive not to keep the wound open neither keep any hard tents wirhin the wound open Many by a custome keep tents to the bo ome of the grief so long till they make the disease incurable you need not be too vigilant in keeping new wounds too long open for the fear of putrefaction being once put away and digestion procured and no bones to come out the sooner you can heal the safer Many Surgeons also have a grosse custome of arming tents as they term it with precipitated Mercury or other the like Caustick medicines and put them into wounds to mundifie and also the better to digest them as they imagine but I may boldly affirm that as is said if neither fear of a Grangrene be neither broken bones to be taken out there is no cause of any Caustick medicines to applyed for the curing of a new wound at no time And I find by practice plain that Caustick medicaments within ulcers or fistula's have no other use but to take away a callous substance commonly in them to alter the viciousnesse of the humour and dispose the grief to a good healing which healing after followeth chiefly by the benefit of nature together with gentle and sanative applications for subl●ta cansatollitur effectus the cause removed the effect ceaseth and so fo wounds An admonition to Surgeons It is a shamefull errour of many foolish Empericks still to be too busie with Caustick medicines for how apparent is it that thereby they lame many through ignorance They will not see a wound incarn and red and good flesh to grow but straight they slander it of pride and call it proud flesh like their own and then must at the fairest Precipitate or Vitriolburnt go to work yea though the Patient be lame for it or at the least the grief put back again Truely the abuse of good Caustick medicines bringeth much slander to the Art of Surgery In the cure of Ulcers and fistula's and else where I have noted down my opinion of the true use of Caustick medicines to which I refer the Reader If therefore wounds happen with Gunshot which give no cause to fear a Grangrene then begin the first dressing with Balm Artificial very hot applyed the next dressing reasonable hot and so to the end of the cure using emplaisters and Ligatures convenient Of Burnings Of burning by Gunpowder Necessary Rule● for the Cure BUrning by Gunpowder which wanteth no grievous accidents often-times is incident in Arms to Souldiers and others therefore be ready at all times with remedies fit and effectual to asswage them And beginning thy work with Lotions as namely either a fomentation made with oly and water or with a decoction of the seeds of Quinces or of Mallowes March-mallowes Violets and a little Purslaine seed these and the like take away all the powder that sticketh in the flesh for it hindereth the cure And to asswage both the dolour thereof and the vicious humours Mel Saponis is an approved remedy for it taketh the fire out And to make it more easie for suppuration use Anodine Medicaments as Ceratum refrigerans Galeni Poputeon mixt with a third part of Unguentum album or a third part of Triapharmacon and oyl of Roses or Oyl of Eggs or of Roses mixt with the white of an egg Axunglaporcina washed in the juyce of Plantane or the juyce of Solanum or in water also the fat of rustie bacon washed in Rose-water or the ●●ke Also a decoction of wine vineger lib. i. Litharge in powder ℥ s and gently fomenting the part therewith taketh away all pains But to perfect the cure let good sanative medicines be applyed as the Unguentum co●●●a ignem set down in the Chest whose composition shall be manifest hereafter Observe also if occasion be that blood-letting be used which is very requisite to avert fluxions and to avoid putrefactions of humours But abstain from purging potions and the like at the first With these recited helps administred in their due time and place with also a good dyet the Surgeons Mate shall perform much in short time to the praise of the Almighty and his own comfort The Cure of Apostumes First what an Apostume is The Definition of an Apostume AN Apostume is a tumour composed of three kinds of diseases as Avieen affirmeth namely Intemperature Incommoderation and Solution of continuity all gathered into one magnitude and Tagaltius in his institutions affirmeth every tumour against nature is an Apostume The differences of tumours are many and are by many learned Writers handled at large of which my leisure will not permit me now to write The times of an Apostume are four The times of Apostumes are also at large handled learnedly by Mr. Gale Johannes de Vigo Ambrose à Paris and divers other good Writers and are noted to be in number four as namely Beginning Augmentation State and Declination What the begining of an Apostume is A good rule The beginning of an Apostume is noted to be the first collection of humors extraordinarily intruding into any one part of the body at which time with the Chirurgions care the proceeding of the disease is easily hindered according to that old Poetical verse Principiis ob●●a c. The next time of an Apostume is the Augmentation when the disease hath taken root and is not so well to be put back neither is it alwaies necessary nor safe to attempt it for it may be nature hath determined to send it out and this second decree or time of an Apostume is sometimes known by heat and pulsation increaseth a distemper generally of the body and an inclining to a feaver especially if the Apostume be hot or have malignity therein but the augmentation of cold Apostumes have often no other signs notable but onely an appearance of increase without any other distemper of the body for a long time together what the state of an Apostume is and the signs thereof The third time or degree which is the state or ripenesse of the grief is well to be known divers waies as namely the Apostume by this time is come to perfect maturity and the pain is either wholly or partly asswaged and the matter being neer the skin each child in Chirurgery may judge what is next in Art to follow by the beating out and discolouring of the skin for usually it is discoloured blacker or is very soft and if the Apostume lye deep by feeling you shall also sensibly perceive whether there be perfection

of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppur●●e H●ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Para●elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or ℞ flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised ℥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill ℥ iiij Axungia porcina ℥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those

which are of Mercury truly prepared for that they do not only duly evacuate but also divert and draw back the humours from the place offended which in truth is a great help to nature Also blood letting where occasion is may be used for diverting and mitigating a stubborn disease but after the use of Mercurial purges it is held of many not to be good to open a vein of which opinion I am without extraordinary reason urge the contrary And further if you intend to repel an Apostume you may make use of this following Cataplasme of Bean meal or wheat meal boyled with water and vinegar a convenient quantity that it be not over sharp adding a little Terebinthine and very warm apply it with also good close ligature and shift renuing the medicine every sixth or eight hours but observing as it is rehearsed that to repel an Apostume slender diet with convenient evacuation of the belly and Phlebotomy are as principals to be used Also a safe Cataplasme to repel an Apostume in the beginning is ℞ farina fabarum or Bean flower and castle sope ana ℥ j. wine vineger as much as will suffice boyl these one quarter of an hour together and you may mix a little water with the vinegar for fear it break the skin and apply it warm Note further that to an Apostume broken by a causticke I commonly use no other thing then unguentum basilicon warm from the first to the end of the cure or my artificial balm which I much rather commend upon my long experience except some dressings now and then I apply to it onely dry lint and if nature be not beneficial to incarn and help healing to my desire I use a gentle absterfive medicine namely a little precipitate mixed with the said basilicon or else unguentum Aegytiacum very hot but that only for one dressing one time and then to my former course again for certain daies together namely till the Esker be faln and at the least three dressings after which if it give me not good content in hope of amendment then I proceed further one degree namely I use for one dressing of oleum sulphuris per campanam or oleum Vitrioli with which I onely touch the Ulcer within I also give a purge thereupon if the Patient be strong and then to my old form again till nauure be at rest I mean as is said till the Eskar be clean gone and yet five or six daies further but if then I see it be still stubborn I proceed to the next step or degree and crave help from my honest old friend Mercury who if he fail me judiciously applied then I confess I am almost to seek but he seldom failed me performance if my Patient were not the cause the disease being by Art curable The mercurial medicine I most use in such cases you shal find to be rehearsed in the cures of Fistulaes and Ulcers If an Apostume be opened by a caustick medicine the Apostume of it self being concavous I mean having a great hollowness going deep this way or that way strive you not at all either with tents plegents or dorssels to fil the said concavities and to divide the parts asunder which desire unition but only dress the outward or superficial part with warm basilicon artificial Balm or the like convenient medicine putting it a little within the entrance of the orifice of the Apostume upon a little lint on the end of thy Probe until the first second and third dressing after the opening be past and if thou have any of thy Cataplasme remaining with which thou didst ripen the Apostume apply the same very warm if not apply some good Emplaster over it anointing it with balm artificial and tpplying daily thereto a good balm or basilicon warm and fear not if thou make thy applications warm and use good rowling and boulstring which is a principal part of the belly where thou seest cause but thou shalt heal comforably onely forget not if occasion be that sometime thou make injection into the concavity of the Apostume with some fitting mundificative or abstersive medicament namely with a fitting Lotion it will do well but use it warm and charge it not often with it not at all except great cause yet upon due occasion if an Apostume turn to a moist watry concavous Ulcer thou maist then add to thy Lotion Aegyptiacum but be not too busie with such medicines It may be also thou maist think how shall a good healing follow where the sore is not searched and with tents and like medicines A Caution healed first at the bottome my loving Brother in that thou shalt behold the excellency of Nature in our bodies which being once eased of the burden of that vicious and offending humour which was the cause of the disease it will at first seem admirable to thee being a divine work for nature intends healing without thy help first by little and litle she avoideth the dregs of the disease and ever as fast within by Gods providence incarning new flesh as the quitture is outwardly avoided not by means of thy incarnitives I must tell thee whereon I advise thee not to trust albeit they be never so good experience will shew thee that Abstersive medicines namely such as have vertue to scower and exiccate or drie leaving a certain st●pticknesse behind them do best incarn judiciously applyed yea and those medicines which are most caustick of all are truly most incarnative for I speak this upon my known experience that upon the true and judicious use of them the Ulcer will soon incarn only with the use of dry lint far more then with any unctious Medicine whatsoever yea though it be Unguentum aureum for it is an infallible rule in An infallible rule that divine mystery of healing who so can dry well can heal well if thou with thy over many causticks following each other or by keeping the parts too much asunder hinder it not for too much exiccation or drying will make work not heal which beware of Some Artists have in use long hard tents this way that way or dorsels or plegents for perpetual keeping open an Apostume for say they I will see a good ground and a sound healing at the bottome ere I take out my tents and then I will begin to shorten them I say such are unworthy Surgions yet I deny not an Apostume or Ulcer may be in such a part of the body as namely in the corner of the eye or in ano which in no wise will safely suffer healing till some caustick medicine have well searched yea and as it were seared the bottom which once effected go on in the name of God with your precedent courses of healing again namely with all soft gentle and speedy healing means as before said For Natura naturans naturat omnia and mark it for by this reason an old wife oftentimes exceedeth a great Artist in healing for she wrestleth not

unto God for his help and mercy and yet not to mistrust but to use all artificial means referring the successe to the Almighty Wherefore in this case I hold nothing better then a good purge of Rubarb and then to take three or four grains of Laudanum Paracelsi then after The cure of a flux through the contagion of the aire there may be given him one scruple of the best Treacle or Mithridate or London Treacle or meerly Laudanum alone You may give the party also a little Cinamon water or Aqua Theriaculis or Carduus water laying him to rest It were also to be confidered whether the body standeth in need of bleeding purging or a glyster but when as the disease proceeds from contagious and venomous aire and is fierce I hold it the safest course to forbear bleeding or purging for If the flux be fierce and sudden what to be done fear of drawing back the venome to the principal parts and rather to fly to Alexipharmacons or Preservatives as Venice Treacle Mithridate Diatesseron London Treacle or the like And presently after or immediately with it as is said give a dose of Laudanum which of it self is a perfect cordial and a good preservative Many learned writers are of opinion that this disease is infectious The flix through the aire is infectious and that the breath and excrements of the sick man may easily infect a sound man affirming also that from putrified and diseased bowels infections vapours do ascend and descend and partly the rather by a kind of sympathy our bodies have each with other but lest that opinion of mine uttered may perhaps offend the courage of young Artists Infection should not daunt Chirurgions called lawsully to the cure of any disease whatsoever whom I seek by all possible means to embolden let them take this rule from me in the fear of God I hold no disease infectious to me in that I have a lawful calling and I am therefore bound to visit the diseased which who so neglecteth God will find him out with that disease or a worse Now a word or two of such medicines as are belonging to the chest found in the ship or at the utmost may be found in the East-Indies or that are likely to be found there I intend to set forth some instructions for the Chirurgions Mate and first The cure of Dysentery at sea of Lientery note I have cured many both in Dysentery and Lientery with burned Harts-horn or in want hereof I have found that onely the hard bones of Beef or Pork calcined or meerly burned till they be white for so they must be and it may easily be done in any wood or coal-fire being not a fire of sea-coal and then being powdered fine and given continually in the ordinary drinks during the time of the sicknesse it helpeth much and you may assure your self that if you take much or little of it it can do no harm to be taken and with some few drops of Cynamon water if it may be had it is the better or a little Nutmeg and Cynamon in powder therein also I have givenit sometime with Rosasolis and fair water mixed of each two spoonfuls and ʒj of the powder of bones Another secret which hath cured many of the flix ℞ Wheat flowre and thrust it veryclose together into an end ofa clout and so bind it up hard and close like a bullet and put it into boyling water and boil it three hours or more and you shall find it will be very dry and hard as chalk and powder it and give of this powder ʒij or more in any liquid substance fitting and it is a very good midicine for any flux of the belly either white or red this medicine hath been often proved and found sure at sea and land yet it helpeth the vertue of the medicine well if the vehicle or menstrum you give it in be also good namely if you give it with some liquid medicine proper to the grief also Crocus Martis ℈ i. given in red wine Aligant or French wine or with beer or water for a need adding certain drops of Cinamon water it is a very good medicine The same also is given with Venice Treacle or London Treacle or good Mithridate is likewise very good but to a weak person give it alone with Sugar it will please his tast better then with other strong medicines The cure if the disease proceed of worms But if you perceive the disease proceeds of worms as often it doth then give the patient a glyster of a decoction of Althea roots with a little worm-wood adding Coloquintidaʒij where there is no great acrimonious A glyster pains in the guts but where there is great dolour in the guts rather put some Bay-berries namely ʒ ss in your decoction which decoction you may alsomake meerly of the brain if you please and make it not too slimy I mean put not too much bran or roots therein then add if you have it of Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains Deer suet ℥ ii or three ounces and give it stirring well the powder therein The means to kill worms this Aquilla Laxativa certainly will kill any worms and give present ease also almost all bitter things kill worms as Aloes Agaricum Coloquintida Worm-wood and the like but principally Aquilla Laxativa doth it sure and is safe to be given the dose by way of glyster is to 10. grains Mr. Edwards his medicine for the flux ℞ red-rose water ij spoons full Cinamon ℥ ij Almonds of vallence ℥ iiij unblanched the Cinamon is to be bruised and boiled in iij. pounds of water till ii pounds be consumed then reserve that decoction and add three pounds more of fair water to the former Cinamon and boil it as afore reserve both the waters together then beat or rather grind well your Almonds and being well ground and beaten add thereto some little quantity of the water mentioned grinding the Almonds therewith and again beat the said Almonds and so often beat and strain them with more of the said liquor or water till all the substance of them be in the decoction which will be in the form of an Almond milk then add rose water ij spoonfuls and as much sugar as to sweeten the said drink give the Patient thereof to drink so oft as he please Gluttony a cause of the Flux Let such as fear the flix not overgorge themselves for the evercharging straining of the stomack of● bringeth this sicknesse chiefly when the body is weak as also if the food taken be crude or not well boyled or rosted and meerly fresh without any Salt Also the use of eating Tamarindes brought from Bantham if you use them overmuch by their acrimony may easily cause a flux although their vertues in preserving from the Scurvy are unreproveable and very good indeed The signs of the places aff●cted with the Flux The higher towards the stomach

an Electuary and use thereof ʒ j. se at a time in Posset-drink or Wine according as the sicknesse taketh men if it take them cold I hold it better given in Wine or Posset-drink made with Wine if it may be had then with the usual Cordial Waters which is but a meere Fl●gma distilled from the barre herb at the best and often not truly so good for I well know that Wine is a true Cordial and gladdeth the heart of man which I must believe to be so for that the Booke of God doth so testifie of it And I know also it resisteth putrefaction in the very nature thereof Wherefore in my opinion if it were not in some who apparantly have a fervent burning Feaver where reason it self would advise me to forbear Wine I would use Wine before either Angelica Carduus Dragon-Water or any of the like kindes in the case of the Plague as I have divers times elsewhere recited The Dose of Elect. de Ovo This Medicine either taken alone a Drach or four scruples to a strong person diseased is excellent if it be taken with Syrrup of Citrons ʒ j. White or Claret Wine ℥ iij. or iiij ℥ and four drops of Oyle of Vitrol and the diseased layd to sweat upon it being orderly attended it is a most precious Medicine by my self very often tryed I having often made the aforesaid Receit and used it out with good successe Another Composition of Electuarium De Ovo being plain cheap and good ELectuarium de Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge as it was made and prescribed for publick use in Germany by the Physicians of the Emperour Maximilian in the time of a great Plague there in A●●● Domini 1600. being a most excellent Preservative against the disease and also a good curative medicine as followeth Take a new Egge and make a hole in the ●oppe put out the white and fill the place with Saffron undryed onely teased and the flakes opened asunder mingle it in the shell that it be like a paste the yolk of the egge and the saffron together and stoppe the hole being filled and boyl or stew it or rather bake it gently in the Imbers till it may almost be brought into powder but without burning of it then adde unto it of the rootes of Tormentil Morsus Diab Angelica Pimpernel and Zedoary of each ʒ ij make this into powder then take ℥ ij of old Venice Triacle and in want thereof so much Mithridate and with water of Scabious make it into an Electuary and give at one time for the largest dose or quantity one Drach and a half to a strong body to provoke him to sweat if he have the sicknesse It will provoke sweat plentifully but if it be by way of a preservative to prevent sicknesse then give him but the weight of 3 d. or 4 d. or 6 d. at the most at one time and let the Patient upon the receit thereof be laid to sweat for three or four houres and it will produce an admirable effect of health if it be with good order and discretion administred The Composition of the ancient Treacle Theriac Diatessar or the poor mans Treacle TAke chosen Myrrhe good Bay-berries hulled well Aristolochia roots and Gentian roots * of each 1. ℥ dissolve the Myrrhe in Sack and gently evaporate some of the Sack away and make the other ingrediences into fine powder then take ℥ xij of pure honey and according to Air incorporate it and mix all the aforesaid things with it make it boil a little gently and make an Electuary thereof and give a ʒ j. s or two ʒ ij of this Electu at a time to a strong body yea a strong person may safely take ʒ iij. The dose of Ther. Diatess And lay the party to sweat you may give it in white wine or claret or sack if the disease begin cold or in Beer Ale or posset drink and I have found by much practice that it is a sure good Cordial and Children may take it This medicine I my self would take upon the defence of my own life as soon as one of the greatest and dearest compositions in the Apothecaries shop And I further well know that the Apothecary may honestly afford The price of Ther. Diat●ss this kind of Diatessar truly made for 4 d an ounce and that an ounce thereof may be sufficient at several times given to cure a man diseased of the Plague God giving his blessing to the meanes and by way of preservatives given it may defend many from it But I confesse it is some what a bitter Medicine and so as I have said are most all good Medicines in practice for that disease wherefore whosoever m●s●keth a good Medicine for the bitternesse by his nice refusal may find his disease farre more bitter Nam dulcia non meruit qui non gustavit amara The vertue of it for other diseases This medicine is also excellent good against paines and gripings of the stomach or belly taking the quantity aforesaid or lesse and for the disease of the Colick or any windy pains or gripings of the small guts it is the best medicine that ever I knew A Caveat for administering of Ther. Diatess But beware it be not given to women with child for to such it is not grateful nor very safe because of the Myrrhe but to any woman which wants the due sicknesse of her seasons it is an excellent medicine and otherwise for any person diseased with the Plague A Cordial Confection or Preservative for women with child children infants and tender people The receit TAke chosen roots of Set-well called Zedoary the purest of them half a pound put them one whole day to infuse in Rose-water and wine-vineger mixed then let them dry gently which done with fine Sugar and Rose-water preserve them and give a small quantity of the same half an ounce or thereabout fasting the like you may do with Angelica rootes or with Enul Campan rootes or with The great vertue of the root of the Butter-burre a root called Butter-burre which is one of the most excellent roots for the cure of the Plague that ever was found out by Art this root the Germanes name Pestilence root as being held the best preservative and also cure for the disease of the Plague or Pestilence Another good Cordial for women with child children or delicate people TAke a Lemon or a good Citron ●●ew it in Rose water and Sugar cloven first into four parts and when it is half stewed adde The recei● some Cynamon in powder thereto it is a singular good Cordial so taken and for a preservative for tender women with child and dainty people the quantity of a Nutmeg thereof in a morning for such as are delicate and tender and cannot take medicines well that are The dose of it bitter Also for women with child if they take sometimes a toste sprinkled with rose

proceeded by inanition that case is pitiful and the cure very doubtful but neverthelesse where it so falleth out all nutritive and comfortative remedies are to be appointed as namely if it proceed of cold either in frost or by want of due and sufficient food consideration is to be had by adding warmth of food and rayment with cordial and comfortive remedies also the Artist must truly inform himself whether this disease be a Gangrene or a Sphacelus whether a partial or a total privation and mortification with the utter losse of the sense of the fleshy and nervous parts and if he find sense in the parts there is life and hope Rulis to be observed if the Gangrene is caused by venomous diseases But suppose a Gangrene proceeds of a venomous cause as many times it doth and namely in time of contagion as of Carbuncles in the Plague the small Pox or by other malignant Feavers when as the Artist may neither purge his Patient nor open a vein safely but with fear except he may be well warranted either by good and grave advice of the expert where such may be had in want of which the Artist ought to search by authority of the most ancient Writers that he can come at for the avoiding of the eminent danger of death to ensue upon his Patient and to go warily in the want of better advice What to be observed if it be caused by fulness● viz. If the grief proceed of fulnesse which seldome it doth at Sea or in Camps then his first rule in Art must be as is said that a thin dyet and cooling be prescribed his Patient and that he be admitted no wine nor strong drink also that he may be appointed some cooling Julep to be made him namely if the Patient be in Ship or Camp he is there confined and constrained to the Surgeons Chest and then let the Surgeon examine his provisions and if he find he have any cooling waters and Syrups fitting thereunto he may proceed to take as followeth A receit to be administred to the Gangrenated ℞ Aq. Lactuc Acetos Endiviae Buglos Borag Frag. Plantag Lujulae or some one or more of the most fitting aforesaid waters viz. ℞ Aq. Lujula 2 l. Syr. Limon vel Violar ℥ ij Ol. Vuri●l gut 12. The Dose of it Misce give the Patient every two or three hours two or three spoonfuls hereof the glasse being ever shaken when it is poured out and if he hath not been at stool that day in which he is to take the Julep you may give him a Supposi●ory and having had one stool give him a The Receit of a Diaphoretick Diaphoretick viz. ℞ Aurum vitae gr 8. or Mithridat ʒ 1. Elect. de Ovo ℈ 1. Confect Alcherm ℈ ss Ol. Vitriol gut 4. in Aq. Borag Lujulae Acetes vel Buglos viz. of any one of these ℥ 4. with Syr. Limon Citri Lujulae The order of the applying of it Violar or some of them Misce fiat haustus give it the Patient being laid warm in bed and cover him warm and provoke him to sweat gently and as you find his strength continue his sweating for an hour two hours or more which done keep him in a moysture one other hour at the least which ended let him cool and dry paulatim and warily and having so done and refreshed himself till four or five hours ended then you may if you see cause give him the like Cordial again and proceed again as before to sweat him the second time and give him 8. grains of Aurum vitae ●or a Diaphoretick which done you may then admit him rest and respite again for a fitting time wherein you may advise what further is requ●site to be done in which time not omitting in any case both before his laying down to sweat and after as also betwixt his sweating ever to apply all fitting topical helps viz. by scarifications and hot fomentations of some good lixivium such as aftrr the taking off members in the mortified place hereafter are described Thus much in brief of the Gangrena A Definition of Sphacelus and the cure thereof from some ancient Writers to shew the Reader their opinions and judgments thereof for that some Artists have grounded their judgments that their relations are according to good practice and therefore are to be imitated A Sphacelus saith Falopius and likewise Fabritius is an affect of a part already utterly mortified and therefore not to be cured but by amputation that the whole body come not to corruption thereby Extremum genus morbi requirit extrema remedia and this abscission is not done without great danger of death for often even in the instant act of amputation the Patient dyeth by the profusion of blood and spirits wherefore the strength of the sick is to be considered and Cornelius Celsus alledgeth Cap. 25. The opinion of Celsus concerning Sphacelus lib. 5. that in his time they used to take off the Sphacelated member by cutting the flesh round about unto the bone in the whole part near the rotten or sphacelated part and cutting ever in the live flesh not leaving any of the mortified flesh untaken away further Celsus say Another way of amputation they doth admonish us in this work that the skin and also the flesh be brought and drawn upwards that the bone may be the better covered by some of the said part in the healing of the stump but the same Authour confesseth also that by such abscission causing exceeding pain with over-large effusion of blood and spirits death usually followeth therefore to avoid hemorrage they must presently use actual Cauteries to burn the parts adjacent in which may be conjectured how cruel that course is to the Patient and uncomfortable and prepare the upper part thick enough to be a firm cover to the vessels But after himself not approving that course he saith that he took another way of curing which as he said happily succeeded by which work no profusion of blood hapned because no blood floweth from a mortified part neither is grief moved therein but lest the corruption should spread it self further saith the said Authour I burned the putrefied part remaining every where with red-hot Irons that were heavy and well burnt untill the Patient did feel the heat of the fire and that he suffered some small pain and the rather they did it they write because the same operation is very profitable and therefore burned ever some of the sound flesh also because the putrefaction is best to be drawn out by a red-hot Iron as I suppose saith he which is apparent to the eye for the humours are apparently seen to boyl about the Iron and likewise the weaknesse of the parts considered by burning it is fortified the adjacent parts being freed from many noxious humours thereby so that the weak part receiveth strength and within a few dayes begins to separate the living from the dead part and