Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	dress_v	fall_n	heal_n	20	3	16.3336	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

with Nature as great masters do and Nature pleased An old wives medicament better then an unwise Artists medicine E●●ours in Chirurgions worthy reproof with her milde and simple means is appeased and by divine providence the disease often easily made whole for I know it for a truth and by too much experience of my own as an eye witnesse in other mens work I have seen as great harm done and as grosse faults committed by unworthy Chirurgions for want of mature judgment in over-doing as by old wives or fools in under-doing For many Chirurgions never think they have played the workmen till indeed they have made work Some by errour for want of judgment others for base lucres sake prolonging and aggravating with things not onely contrary but also dangerous to nature oftentimes laying bare the bones and by fouling them with their caustick medicines when there is no need presaging wickedly before hand upon unperfect grounds bones to be foul when to their shames they have made them so themselves as is said either for want of honesty or want of true judgment to consider wanting charitable and Christian reasons or not being capable what the benefit and force of Nature is able to effect whereas if they would proceed mildly and with sleight Medicines they might oftentimes effect far more then they do or can Nam natura paucis contenta sublatâ causâ tollitur effectus Nature is content with small things and the cause removed the accidents or effects cease I wish rather a Chirurgion should heal gently yea though he should hazard the breaking out again of the grief which will not easily be if he rationally follow the precedent method rather then by keeping the the grief open long to give occasion of deformity lamenesse losse of limbs fistulaes or the like which very many in the height of their great conceited skill procure which were it but onely the guilt of conscience if they feared God they should not dare to do These and the like grosse errours unexcusable before God and man have brought to the Art a scandal and a sensible feeling of want upon many vertuous Professours hereof so that the guilty and unguilty are censured both alike by the common sort and the one smarteth for the others fault But those which for gain or otherwise will prolong the health of those that commit their lives or limbs to their mercy or approve of it the Lord pay them ten fold as much to their shame and so for this time I conclude concerning Apostumes onely let me give thee this caveat concerning Precipitate Mercury or of any kind of Turbith mineral use them not much near any bare bones without very great judgment for they will black the bones neither use any of them in any new wounds as is said for if you do they are very apt to procure lamenesse or shrinking of the finewes All swift healing in new wounds I esteem best yea without any caustick medicines at all if it may be which the Artist need not doubt of where neither bones broken nor other just thing of like kind hindreth the work Thus much concerning the general curing of tumours to the praise of God Of the Cure of Vlcers and Fistulaes FOr haste I have mixed Ulcers and Fistulaes together for that they are of affinity in shew and cure whose several definitions I also forbear for want of time and enter into the Cure at the first Wherefore note as followeth If you chance to have in Cure an Apostume that by the malignity of the humours or other evil disposition of the body changeth it self into a rebellious Ulcer concavous fistulaes or into any the like height of malignity or that such an Vlcer come to thy hand Vlcers Cu●es from another Artist be not out of hope to cure the same For if nature be not utterly thy enemy the member being not pierced thorow Prog●ostication in the joynt and so the ligaments rotten and perhaps the ends of the bones also or some other apparent token of incurability proceeding as followeth thou shalt be able to cure the disease by the help of God First therefore entring into due consideration of the age and strength of the Patient with other reasonable respects had give him a dose of ℈ ij or ʒ j. of pulvis Arthreticus and 3 daies after of Aurum vitae a dose viz. grains 8. which he shall take whilest he is yet in bed and cover him warm and yet but ordinarily and it will cause him gently to sweat some 2 or 3 houres then let him wipe himself and rise and after noon he will feel himself very much refreshed Then the next day or two daies after apply to the Ulcer a little Aqua benedicta that it may come to the bottom and into each part of the Ulcer namely with a little lint on the end of a Probe wet only therein and so leave the linte sticking in the mouth of the orifice for two daies dressing it only with oyl of Roses till the Esker remove with also a Minium plaister over it this will cause some pain and produce a strong Esker which being fallen fill the orifice full with dry lint for the first and second dressing putting the same very gently in for it will be Second dressing exceeding tender I am of opinion that it is mere idlenesse to apply any medicine suddenly to provoke the fall of an Esker as I have mentioned elsewhere For I dare affirm it furthereth nothing good healing for when the time of nature is come it will fall without thy help thou canst not keep it on And I hold it as a hopeful sign of good healing when the Esker is slow in removing Wherefore the third Third dressing dressing after the natural fall of the Esker having for two dressings as is said used only dry lint take of the white Aquilla laxativa a little I mean 3 or 4 grains and mix with it Plantain or fair water or an ordinary Lotion onely that it be as a very thin Unguent and wet well the wound therewith warmed and fill it with dry lint and give the party in to drink of Aquilla vitae 4 grains upon the point of a knife This will cause him to vomit and make a strong diversion of the humours and then proceed in the cure with drying ordinary medicines namely dry lint onely some 4 dressings and some one dressing now and then with Fourth dressing a little Aquilla Laxativa upon any lint onely to touch the Ulcer within this causeth no pain at all or little some dressings Also I apply Basilicon either alone warm or sometimes mixed with a little of the powder of Aquilla Laxativa strewed thereon And when I use this dressing I let the dressing remain for 24 houres at the least and then to my dry lint again and perhaps if I perceive the Ulcer or Fistula to have any other secret cavities and see that it be not fully touched in

it The divers maner of their use is to be armed with dry soft lint to cleanse a wound sometimes again as is aforesaid armed with dry lint and dipped into some lotion oyl or liquor therewith to mundifie corrode or heal the grief according The ends of their use to the due occasion thereof and will of the Artist sometime to enquire the depth of a wound ulcer or fistula in which work many times great wrong is done by unconscionable or ignorant Surgeons to their Great danger in the ill use of the Probe Patients by forcing too far the Probe thereby to make the grief appear deeper which I advise young Surgeons to make a conscience of for by such abuse the Patient is many times greatly indangered of his The use of a long Probe life Further some use the longer sort of Probes with eyes like needles in wounds that penetrate through a member yea some are so hardy To draw the Probe therow the body wounded is evil they will put them through the Trunk of the body the Patient being wounded through the body all which I hold to be very idle for certainly it must be both very painful fearful dangerous to the Patient the custome of such artists is to draw laune or a fine linnen cloth being put into the eye of the Probe or stamule as some term it and dipped in some artificial balm thorow the member yea and some are so wise in their own conceits that they leave the said laun or linnen cloth in the wound from one dressing to another which for my part I utterly mislike for I know in all wounds nature striveth to make unition of the parts divided whoso keepeth asunder the parts by such courses it shall repent him except he be gracelesse My self have had reasonable experience in piercing wounds both through the trunk of the body and through the outward members and have ever contented my self in putting in to each orifice a short and easie tent which I commonly make of emplastrum stipticum Paracelsi or some other good plaister spread on a clout and rolled gently tentwise and so applyed dipped in Balm the tent being but of half an inch or an inch long at the most of which I never yet repented me except a broken bone be to come out and then I alter my intention according as the occasion enforceth with other answering and methodical courses due to healing being observed which in their places as time will permit shall be touched God willing No more at this time of the use of Probes Of Spatulaes great and small SPatulaes or splatters as they commonly term them are most needful instruments to spread unguent and emplaisters withal and also Their use to stir about and the better to compound any medicine on the fire Splatters of wood as well as of Iron necessary and to this latter work the Artist may make wooden splatters which will be far fitter and cleaner then those of Iron The Surgeons Chest cannot well be without both sorts and variety will do well wherefore they cannot be forborn in the Chest Spathula mundani THis instrument is newly devised by my self to serve upon any occasion A new instrument of extreme costiveness which often hapneth to sea men so that no purging medicine neither upward nor downward administred or taken will work which my self have more then once seen in which The use case the fundament with the speculum ani aforesaid if occasion urge is to be opened and the spoon end of this instrument put in the hard excrements there with drawn out which in some bodies are so dry that they may be poudered This disease killeth many and may by Costiveness dangerous the diligent Artist be easily cured as aforesaid This recited instrument may be easily forced into the fundament without the speculum ani to conduct it being anointed or greased and first warmed a little This grief cometh now and then to men which have the scurvy and it often so inflameth and excoriateth yea and sometime putrifieth the Arse-gut or Longanum that the party either dyeth thereof or the sharp humidity proceeding by reason of the inflammation and excoriation thence mentioned maketh passage for the aforesaid hard excrement after which followeth a most extreme and painful flux of blood which for the most part killeth them and yet is it often seen that the party being in time diligently attended by God his mercy Great care to be had in the cure of this disease may have comfort and remedy for it These hard excrements taken away the body returneth to the natural former habit again c. Pacis Pullicans Punches or Forcers Crowes bils Phlegmes Gravers and Files for teeth ALl these recited instruments and each of them are needful in the The use Surgeons Chest and cannot be well forborn for the drawing of teeth forasmuch as the cleansing of the teeth and gums and the letting of the gums blood are often no smal things for keeping men in health at Sea and sometimes do save the lives of men both at Sea and Land For we see that from an Apostume begun under a rotten or hollow tooth for want of drawing the same sometimes proceedeth Skill in drawing of teeth required great swellings in the face or in the amygdals and throat and the party is suffocated and dyeth Likewise by indiscreet drawing of a tooth either the jaw is broken or some other had accident is provoked Wherefore I hold none worthy to go for a Surgeons Mateto sea who is ignorant of tooth drawing and I esteem him an unworthy Surgeon how high soever he bears his head that can draw a tooth well and will upon need at Sea scorn or deny to do it The maner how how to draw a tooth aright For drawing of teeth the true manner is first well to divide the gum from the tooth in which work if you be wary you need not launch or cut the gum at all but only with the round sharp pointed end of the The use of a Phlegme phlegme to compasse the tooth close piercing by little and little still somewhat deeper but ever keeping round and close to the tooth till you feel your phlegme be as low as the jaw bone in which time you may do well then to consider what kind of instrument you wiltake to draw it and if it be the furthest tooth of the jaw either above or below The use of the Pullican or that it be a stump except it be of the formost teeth the Pullicans are the fittest instruments to draw with if it be any other of the great grinders and that there be reasonable hold on the inner side be it on The use of the Pacis the upper or lower jaw it is best done with the pacis but you must be wary you draw not a large tooth with a narrow pacis for so you

of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppur●●e H●ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Para●elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or ℞ flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised ℥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill ℥ iiij Axungia porcina ℥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those

die by the cruell hand of a murtherer Mercury for a little sweet pleasure she hath no wit to lay it where truely it should be but plead Ignoramus conceiving yet dares not say that some of the greater Planets as Sol or Luna by their gliddering shews wrought with some body that perhaps ignorantly put that Idol Mercury by Vulcans means to play the Dragon And so no more of that Foelix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum c. leaving suggestions and conceits and may be 's We will again to our intended scope namely to speak of better things concerning the secrets of the Art and leaving the errours of Impostors with all their base and dangerous elusions and abuses and proceed to the information of the well disposed younger artists And in this place considering that Mercury is appointed and appropriated as formerly is expressed to the cure of the diseases of the Liver I cannot but put the Reader in minde to admire the exceeding deep wisedome Prov. 7. 6. to the end of that most prudent King Solomon as appeareth in the Proverbs in his description of the whorish woman who after his setting forth of her dangerous wiles and cunning inticements for the intrapping of the foolish young man he thus concludes The young man goeth after her as an Oxe to the slaughter or as a fool to the stocks till a dart strike through his Liver or as a bird hasteth to the snare not knowing it is for his life and concludes her house is the way to hell going down to the chambers of death In which attributes of Mercuvie as aforesaid to the healing of the Liver it seems to me Mercury is as it were by God and Natures appointment prefigured and enjoyned for the healing of the foolish young man that had the dart strucken through his Liver for I am confident that dart was by Solomon meant the contagious disease of the French pox which by coitu vel contact● the poor fool gained by his folly from the whorish woman for that the learned and expert artist not onely by the pulse and the urine but by the complaint of the Patient yea and by his very countenance may gather his disease and that Solomons Dart hath stricken his Liver even with the pox For in the perfect cure whereof the Liver is first to be rectified for the which work I had almost said Mercury is beyond comparison if he be well guided by the experienced artist But if otherwise Mercury is a Dragon who for healing and killing hath no fellow as I formerly have denoted more then once And whereas it is vulgarly alledged that Chymick medicines prepared of Minerals and namely of Mercury are dangerous and deadly it is not denied but that they are so if that by art purū ab impuro the pure from the impure be not separated but this advantage the true Chymist saith he hath that in the preparing of his medicines he can take the pure from the impure Whereas even by the books of Hippocrates Galen Diascorides and very many of the most reverend ancient Writers it is manifest witnesse Antidotarium Mirspitium and many other works and dispensatories which testifie that they themselves have not at all so much as undertaken to separate purum ab impuro but have made and administred many Minerall medicines being of crude and unpurified substances amongst the rest Bondeletius used to give crude Mercury in pills to robust bodies to kill worms and for the pox and Crato a famous Physitian to three Emperors is said to have used to administer Zinabrium for the giddinesse of the head Julius Alexandrinus Matthrolus and Gesnerus these all used to give crude Copperas in Fluxes as witnesse Beguinus and Falopius used crude filings of Iron in menstruous obstructions also in the Jaundise and crude Sulphur in the effects of the Lungs The premises therefore considered judge then if the true prepared Chymick medicines given with judgement be not far more noble and worthy in themselves then they aforesaid and the rather to be embraced in that it is daily manifest that the Galenistical preparations of vegetable medicaments fail much in their ascribed or prescribed vertues especially with our Sea Chirurgions as is said in forraign parts to the danger yea and to the losse of many of their Patients yet not in the least excusing of the abuses by false prepared Chymick medicines and the harm they produce by their unskilful preparations and the absurd administration of them alluding whereunto divers worthy and famous Writers have mentioned caveats and namely Laurentius Hofmanes a learned German Chymist in his book entituled De vero us● sero abusu medic●mentorum Chymicorum he useth these words following as an instance of the danger of a false Chymick medicine An History A false Chymick medicine prepared unduely and so given saith he may not unfitly be compared to certain dangerous subtil Rats in India which by nature do watch the Crocodile of those parts which usually sleeps with his mouth wide open and these Rats being smooth and soft in their entrance do not awake the poor Crocodile at all but go in at his mouth very smoothly and easily without troubling him by taste touch or smell yet neverthelesse after they are got quietly into his bowels forthwith they with their divellish sharp small teeth begin to bite the poor Crocodile and in a small time they do so corrode his entrals that they make their own way out at their pleasure by the killing the poor creature and that if not immediately yet by a languishing deadly disease they perform their divellish end by perforating his entrals and so that improvident creature dyeth The occasion of the aforesaid Author his alledging this comparison proceeded by reason such an Indian Rat or rather in truth by a false Mineral medicine put into the body of a Brother of his as he affirmed which very smoothly went in at his mouth but within a short time had cruelly effected the killing of the party Also to the same purpose one Forestus of Paris a learned Writer affirmeth upon his knowledge that thousands of people in that city have dyed by taking of dangerous not well prepared Mineral for the most part Mercurial medicines and one Crato an ancient Writer also affirmeth that he kept a note of above eighty persons which to his knowledge had been killed absolutely in one year in the City where he dwelt by one Impostor and that by the onely giving of Turbith Mineral and yet of these but very few but become or seemed for a moneth or two to have been well cured of their diseases and yet after a small time they languished away and dyed some of Consumptions others of more fearful accidents by that most pestiferous Indian Rat be it for Sal Sulphur or Mercury unduly prepared And Cardanus an ancient worthy Writer reporteth of a woman sometime his Patient who dying of a vehement pain in her head after the