What meanest thou by waking LO Waking should be moderatly vsed for much watching corrupteth the braines and the good temperature it debillitateth the senses altereth the spirites moueth crudities alterations heauinesse of the head resolution of all the bodie dissipateth the naturall heate Hippocrates saith that sleeping and waking if they be excessiue they are euill perillous so mediocritie is best in all things The cause of waking is drinesse heat of the braines it drieth the habitude of the body so much touching sleeping waking The fift Chapter of repletion euacuation CO. Thou shalt vnderstand that repletion plenitude aboundance is all one matter therefore I would knowe howe many kindes of repletion there is LO There are two to wit in quantitie and qualitie CO. What meane you by repletion in qualitie LO I meane when the qualitie of the meate exceeâ—eth without the humors CO What meane you by quantitie LO I meane when meat drinke and humors are in so great quantitie that nature cannot ouercome and it is called excesse or satietie of the which come infinite maladies CO. Howe many kindes are there hereof LO Two to wit the one of meate called Satietas of the Latins the other of the humors CO. Is satietie of meate otherwise deuided LO It is yet deuided in two to wit the one is called satietas ad vasa that is when the stomacke and veines are so full that it maketh them ouer large as happeneth to them who are alwayes eating and drinking in such quantitie that they are constrained to vomit it vp againe these people are more worthie to be called beasts then men for that not onely offendeth God but wracketh their owne bodies The other sort of plenitude is called satietas ad vires which is when there is so great aboundance that the vertue force nor faculties of our bodies can not gouerne nor digest CO. Tell mee what the qualitie of repletion of humors is LO It is when all the humors or one alone exceedeth demaineth such as are good and loweable CO. How callest thou it when all and when one onely demaineth LO When all it is called plethore by the Greekes and plenitudo by the Latins when onely one or all domene as the vitious domains it is called cacochynne or iuice vitious either of the choller phlegme or melancholie CO. What is euacuation or inanition LO It is an outdrawing and taking away of the humors which domains and molesteth our bodies which are euacuated either vniuersally or particularly CO. Which are the vniuersall euacuations LO Those which are done by purgation vrining bleeding vomiting scarrification exercise friction bathing medicaments digerents hemerhoides menstruous purgations also by the acte venerian in like manner by abstinence of meate but that is done by accident CO. Tell me after what manner the euacuation vniuersall is done LO By purgations and by medicamentes catartickes accommodated to euery kinde of humor by thinges diureticks by vomitors by thinges which prouoketh spitting and diuers others which I leaue to the learned mediciner Phlebotomie how it is done when and after what fashion ye shal heare at length in the sixt Treatise like as of frictions The bodie is euacuated by the immoderate act of Venus like as diuers other mischiefes ensueth thereupon and first of all it is hurtfull to the eies and all the organs sensitiues to the nerues the thorax the neirs and partes neare to the neirs and diuers other partes of our bodies and maketh men forgetfull prouoketh the goute dolors nephreticks diuers diseases of the bladder bringeth soone old age consequently death it doth hurt immoderatly vsed not onely to man but to all animals Pliny telleth of two that died sodainely in the acte venerian women are alwaies better disposed as saith Hippocrates Notwithstanding the Bishoppe of Illerden in Spayne in his booke intituled Consilium fraternitatis reporteth that in his time a woman complayned to the King of Arragone that her husband did knowe her 30. times a day and her husband confessing the same to the King was commaunded vpon paine of death not to haue companie with her aboue sixe times a day least the woman shoulde thereby be in danger of her life wherein saith hee wee are not so much to maruaile at the abilitie of the husband as at the complaint of his wife seeing the verse saith Et lassata viris nondum satiata recessit And also in the xxx Chapter of Solomons prouerbs Three thinges are insatiable and the fourth is neuer satisfied But because such as delight in this pastime will formalize as also because the vsage hereof is sometime profitable to the Chirurgian I will not altogether condemne it but like as I haue set downe the incommodities so shall you heare the commodities hereof according as some learned men haue written Paulus Aegineta saith the vsage of Venus moderatly vsed maketh the bodie more agill quicke it softneth the instruments being hard it openeth the coÌ„duits it purgeth the phlegme and is profitable for all passions phlegmaticks for heauines of the head it driueth away anger sadnesse melancholicke passions imaginations nocturnals it procureth appetite Aetius saith it is a worke of nature and so being moderatly vsed it is good if the parties be hot and humide it euacuateth the sperme for otherwise it shoulde become in some qualitie venimous so it deliuereth man of great euilles of the which Galen speaketh Hippocrates saith that the first act of Venus ceaseth many great sickenesses so these are the commodities of Venus moderatly vsed Abstinence also euacuateth the bodie both in sicke folke and whole but by accident as ye haue heard the which is done two waies the first when ye neither eat nor drinke at all and that is called abstinence secondly when we take meat but not so much as is needefull for conseruation of the vertue and that is properly called diet CO. Which are the particular euacuations LO When the braines are discharged by the rouse of the mouth and euidently by the nose by the eyes and eares obscurely the lightes by the trachearter the stomacke by vomiting the intestins by the fundament the lyuer the melt the kidneis and the bladder by the vrine the priuie partes of women by purgations naturall of the which some are done by the gift of nature some artificially if neede be as in others of the which ye shall heare at more leÌ„gth in my book of womens diseases The sixt Chapter of perturbations and passions of the minde CO. Arist Deuideth the minde into two partes to witte the part of reason the other without reason and it is subiect to diuers passions therefore tell me what thou callest passion of the minde LO It is a suffering of the minde by the iust course the which maketh maketh maruailous mutations in the body and therefore most necessary to be marked because of the great chaunces which ensue thereupon as we may
liquor appeasing the thirst mixting the meat in the stomacke CO. What is thirst LO It is an appetite of a thing colde and humide for the drinke doth humect and refresh either actualment presently or potentially to come Pline sayth hot drinke is contrary to nature we must not drinke so soone as we sit downe to the table for it moues and augmenteth the Catâ—ars also there is nothing more euill for Catâ—ars nor to drinke when we goe to sleepe Here we must obserue in drinking that we drinke neuer so much that it it swim in the stomacke as those doe who drinke for pleasure of whome Crinitus maketh mention saying that the first draught quencheth the thyrst the second maketh a man ioyous the thirde maketh him drunken the fourth putteth him cleane out of his senses Macrobius make mention that eating do make a man quiet and drink causes him clatter drinke moderatly taken hath three offices the first it helpeth the digestino the second is to mingle the meates third is to bring it to the Liuer veines and arters and there is two sorts of it the one norisheth like as wine beere and ale the other doth not nourish as water The thirde Chapter of mouing and exercise CO. What meane yau in this place by mouing LO All kinde of voluntarie exercise as labouring running ryding playing wresling leaping dauncing fencing CO. Doe these exercises bring any commoditie to our bodies LO In right vsing of them there commeth great commoditie and in ill vsing great and perilous accidentes Hipocrates sayth who desireth health let him not bee dull to labour for a man may not be healthfull if he trauell not to dissipate the excrements of the third digestion that is much recommeÌ„ded by Galen but he blames all exercise that moues the bodie vnequally CO. What particular commoditie baue wee of exercise LO It helpeth the naturall heate it quickneth the spirite it openeth the pores of our bodies wherby the excrements are consumed and wasted it comforteth all our members it confirmeth the inspiration and other actioÌ„s of our bodies CO. What time is most mete for exercise LO It is best before meate or long time after meate for the stomacke being full of meate it hindereth the digestion Fuchius reporteth that the Schollers of Almaine play immediatly after meate which causeth theÌ„ to full of humors crudities scabbs and vlcers Hypocrates sayth that labour meate drinke sleeping playing and women ought to be moderatly vsed like as all other exercises the exercise should be afore or long after meate as ye haue heard when the digestioÌ„ is perfect in the stomack and veines if otherwise it be vsed there gathereth abundance of crudities and chollâ—rick humors the exercise duly done purgeth the body of many excrements the exercise ought to be done in this manner after yee rise in the morning ye shall walke a little to the end that the excrements of the first digestion may fall into the intestinies and those of the second into the bladder that done spit out all in the mouth throate stomack wash the haÌ„ds face and rubbe it with a rough cloth to cause it to exhall and dissipe the vapours CO. What saist thou touching rest LO Like as exercise duly vsed hath great force for the coÌ„seruation of health so on the contrary much rest not only dulleth the principall instrumeÌ„ts of our bodies but also the minde it maketh many crudities and thereupon great abundance of euill humors Galen reckoneth idlenes to be cause of many cold maladies as also the Mother of many mischiefes the which were too loÌ„g to recite in this place The fourth Chapter of sleeping waking CO. What is sleepe LO Galen sayth it is a rest quietnes of the bodie and chiefly of the spirits and facultie animall CO. What is the cause of sleeping LO The chiefe cause is in the braines when the vapours ascendeth thervnto and by the coldnes of the braines those vapours are changed into humors the which closeth the conducts of the nerues CO. What things doth prouoke sleepe LO All such thinges as maketh abundance of vapors like as wine ale full of barme milke and all thinges that are moist and cold and commonly after meate vapors ascendeth to the head and so prouoke sleepe CO. Doe all men sleepe like quantitie LO That is according to the temperature of the person for some sleepe longer some shorter CO. What space is ordinarily required for men to sleepe LO Seauen howers eight howers some Nine as Galen saith Plinie sayth that in sleeping we spend the halfe of our time it dulleth the head it hindreth to digest the crudities it gathereth abundance of excrementes it hebeteth and maketh grosse the spirits of old folks and children it retyâ—â—â— the excremeÌ„ts in sleeping couer well they head feete for cold of the extremities is verye contrary to those that hath the brains cold humide Plinie in the 7. of his natural history said that Epimenides did sleepe in a caue the space of Fifty 7. yeare being wearied by the heate of the sunne yet when he wakened he thought to haue slept but on day CO. What time is most meete to sleepe LO Hyppocrates Aetius and others are of the opinion to walke on the day sleepe in the night for that is the institutioÌ„ of nature also the sleepe should begin two howers after supper such time is most meete for the digestion of our meates for by slepe the natural heate is in the ceÌ„ter of the body Sleeping on the day filleth the braines full of humidity also it hindereth the concoction of the which coÌ„meth ganting riâ—ting winds heauynesse of the members chiefly of the head diuers sicknesses as catarrhes Cardan couÌ„selleth to slepe in the day but meaneth of such folke that doth not rest in the night CO. WheÌ„ men goe to sleepe Which side shold they lie on LO First on the right side because the meate goe more easily to the bottoÌ„e of the stomack therafter on the other side no wayes on the face for that causeth defluxions in the eyes as saith Iesus nor on the backe for that maketh heate in the raines apoplexie the maire the grauell and diuers other accidents in no wise the handes vnder the head as some doe for that causeth defluxion of humors on the lightes sleepe not soone after meate CO What is to be obserued in sleeping of sicke folkes LO Hippocrates saith those sickenesses wherein the sleeping is painefull esteeme them to be dangerous mortal if not painefull it is a good token CO Is it needefull to obserue dreames in sleeping LO Cardan saith dreames are not to be neglected because sometime by that we know the affections of the humors which demaineth as for example the sanguine dreames are merrie the cholericke dreames are fierie the melancholicke sadde the phlegmaticke colde for they thinke they see raine and snowe in their sleepe CO.
according to nature which maketh the actions of our bodie perfect CO. How many kinds of maladies are there LO Three to wit Intemperiâ— Euill confirmation and Solution of contiâ—â—â—nitie CO. What is Intemperie LO It is a maladie in the similar partes digressing from the owne temperature CO. Howe many wayes is that done LO Two wayes to wit eitheâ— by the simple intemperie by the aboundance of a humor onely as colde hot moist or drie CO. What is Euill confirmation LO It is a vice in the partes organicks eyther in the figure magnitude or scituation as for example that which should be naturally right is oblique so forth as if a part were augmented or diminished contrarie to nature in like maÌ„ner in the number of partes as if a man had sixe fingers or foure also in the scituation or collection as if partes naturally ioyned were disioyned as happeneth in dislocations CO. Which is the third kind of maladie Lo. Solution of contiâ—â—itie both in the similar and organicke parts which hath diuers names according to the varietie of the partes where they are The second Chapter Of the cause of Maladie CO. What is the cause of Maladie LO It is some affection which maketh sickenesse of the which some are externes some internes CO. Which are the externes LO They are called procatarticks or primitiues as strokes falles shot and such like or euill nourriâ—â—r CO. Which are the internes LO They are two to wit anticedents and coniunct CO. Which are the causes antecedents LO Euill humors in the body CO. Which are the causes coniunct LO It is that which maketh the sicknes presently and is alwayes with the sicknes and where the sicknes is not it is absent CO. Howe commeth the cause of maladie LO There are some we haue from the Mothers wombe and from the parents which wee call maladies heriditaries some doe ingender after our birth as by the regiment of life strokes and falles as you haue heard The third Chapter of accidents and Symptomes CO. What is accident or Symptome LO Galen sayth that symptome is any thinge that chaunceth to man by nature so the causes interne of sicknesses may bee called Symtomes CO. How many kinde of Symptomes are there LO Three to wit the first is when the action is offended which may be done three waies that is eyther abolished diminished or deprauated as for example in blindnes the sight is abolished dimished as suffocation as happeneth in the beginning of Catarack deprauated as for a certaine time as in changing the simple affection of our body or the whole habitude from one extremitie to another as the naturall heate into inflamatioÌ„ the scabs of the flesh into leprosie the third is in the vice of the excremeÌ„ts by immoderat retention or expulsion as the Hemorhoides the purgations of women the vrines these or any of these retayned or euacuated ouermuch maketh great accidents and so we end this treatise THE FOVRTH TREATISE OF tumors or aposthumes against nature in generall which contaynes XIII Chapters Written by Peter Low arellian Doctor in Chirurgerie and Chirurgian ordinarie to the King of France and Nauair Of tumors in generall Chapter 1 Of Phlegmon Chapter 2 Of furuncle Chapter 3 Of Anthraâ— or Carbunele Chapteâ— 4 Of gangrene or hâ—stiomen Chapter 5 Of Sphasell Chapter 6 Of tumors bilions Chapter 7 Of Herpes Chapter 8 Of tumors petuitoâ—s Chapter 9 Of flatâ—ons tumors Chapter 10 Of â—â—heorâ—ma steâ—tema mellericeris Chapter 11 Of melancholicke tumors Chapter 12 Of Cancer Chapter 13 The first Chapter of the causes signes and curation of Aposthumes in generall COinteret Now it is neceslarie wee come to the exercise of Chirurgerie for the more sure vnderstanding of the same wherein wee will begin at tumors er aposthumes against nature demaunding first of you what is an aposthume LO It is a disease composed of three diuers maladies to wit euill coÌ„plexioÌ„ in the similar parts euill composition or constitutioÌ„ in the instrumeÌ„tall parts dissolutioÌ„ of coÌ„tinuity in both similar instrumentall parts offeÌ„ding the actioÌ„s of the meÌ„ber where it is CO. What is the cause of Apostumes LO Some are generals and some are specials CO. Which is the generall cause LO Either fluxion or congestion CO. What is fluxion It is a mouing of the humors of the body to some certaine part the which either by the quantitie or qualitie or both together may not be receyued by the parte without offence CO. Which are the causes of fluxion LO They are double to witte eyther in the parte or partes that sende or in the parte or partes that receiue CO. Howe is the fluxion made in the part that sendeth LO When the facultie retentiue of the part is ouercharged with humors which offend either in quantitie qualitie or both for then the part dischargeth it selfe by the vertue expultrix chiefly when it is strong also when the parte that sendeth hath connexion with the part that receiueth or when the patt that receiueth is inferior to the part that sendeth or if the said partes haue any sympathie togâ—â—her as the stomacke with the braine CO. Which are the causes in the partes that receyue LO They are diuers as weaknes not hauing force to repell or driue them elsewhere the vesselles and conduites large where the matter doth passe or else because it is soft in substance and so easie to receiue sometime for the dolor which maketh attraction of the matter from the partes neare to it or great heate which draweth and prouoketh fluxion CO. What is congestion LO It is a masse of matter contrarie to the nature ingendred of the superfluities of the thirde concoction of the aliment and foode which are distributed for the nouriture of the parts of the bodie which chauÌ„ceth when the aliment is not so digested as it may well be appropriated to the part which shoulde be nourished CO. Which are the causes of congestion LO They are either imbecillitie of the facultie concoctrix of the part that it can not digest that which is sent to it by nature for the nouriture of it or imbecillitie of the facultie expultrix that can not expell the superfluities that resteth commonly in the partes CO. By what meanes knowe you the tumors made by fluxion and congestion LO The tumors made by fluxions are with great dolor rednes pulsation and make the degrees faster than the other which are done by congestion Those which are done by congestion gâ—owe little and little and doe diminish in like manner when they come to their declination CO. Which are the speciall causes of aposthumes LO Three to wit primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primitiue causes LO They are external causes as falles strokes and other externall violences which moue the humors of our body also great heate of the aire or meate or drinke taken ouer hot or ouer cold CO. which are the causes antecedent LO They are internall not knowne
the nerue which is deepe and hollowe If the dolor bee vehement with heate vse oyle of roses mirtles and cidoniorum with a little vineger mixe all together and drop a little in the eare cattes water distilled is good as saith Quersitanus If it tend to suppuration handle it as other apostumes The fifth Chapter of the Tumor that commeth behinde the eares called Parotides NAture hath placed by the rootes of the eares certaine little glands to the ende they may receiue the vennemous matter deposed by the braines Parotides is an inâ—â—amation or apostume of the glands behind the eares The cause is the humor which easily descendeth from the head partly because nature hath ordeined them for receptacles as ye haue heard and by reason they are soft colde and the passages large that bring the humor Sometime the cause commeth of the whole bodie like as in crise of feuer it may come of any one of the foure humors or all mixed together which may easily be knowne by the accidents The signes are tumor dolor vehement feuer pulsation with such other as yee haue heard in tumors The Iudgementes are that those by crisis without signe of maturation are euill and if it goe to the internall partes it is for the most part mortall as saith Auicen The Cure generall is to vse clisters bleeding in the veine Cephalicke vsing good dyet eating thinges of light digestion not vaporous abstayning from strong drinke the particular remedies differ not from the cure of other apostumes except that we vse no repercussiues but onely maturatiues attractiues and anodiues and some digerents in the beginning like as oyle of lillies Iris camomill bitter almondes with sheepes wooll or a cataplasme of digerent hearbes It is best not to abide the perfect suppuration but so soone as may be to cause it open for by that meanes the venemous vapor doth dissippe the dolor ceaseth and nature doth more easily discharge It may bee opened by canter or lancet but beware of the nerue veine and arters for the great accidentes that happen Being openeed it must be cured by suppuratiues mundificatiues incarnatiues and desiccatiues as ye haue heard in others The sixt Chapter of the Tumors in the nose called Sarcoma Ozena and Polypus THe nose is a part of the bodie by the which the braines doth discharge the excrements in the which do chauÌ„ce three kindes of maladies yet not much different the first is called Sarcoma which is an excrescence of fleshe against nature the second is called Ozena which is most dangerous ill sauoured the third is called Polypus which differeth not froÌ„ Sarcoma sauing that it is not so great Polypus is a tumor which proceedeth of the bone ethomides and sticketh fast to it The cause is rotten humor thicke and viscous which commeth from the head The signes are manifest to the sight and by the narration of the sicke The Iudgementes are these that which is hard and blacke must not be touched that which is soft may bee healed if the excrescence be white and soft without dolor it is easie to heale if it be redde and browne with dolor it is very difficill if it occupie both sides of the nose either the sicke sleepeth with open mouth or else he suffoketh The cure is most diffâ—cill as I haue oft seene and better it were to vse remedies palliatiues then to aduenture any perfect cure yet the cure in so much as may be is by vniuersall remedies as purging and bleeding and in good dyet Fuchâ—ns counselleth to rubbe the head with such things as haue vertue to corroborate drie the braines The particular remedies shall be according to the Tumor which is sometime hard otherwhiles soft the soft must be taken away with instrument or canter or some causticke pouder as pouder vitrioll mercurie arsenit allom spuma aeris atramentum sutorium ye may mixe any of these pouders with some vngueÌ„t anodine or honey vse deâ—ensiues for the inflamation vnguent pompholigs with a little balaust is good Also this water Rec. bolaustiorum corticis malorum granatorum an lib. 1. gelangae caudae equinae linguae passerinae et herâ—iariae an manip di radic bis tortae 4. vnc sumitatuÌ„ piri siluest manip di contundantur simul distilleutur fiaâ—â—aqua de qua frequenter abluat nares adde to it a little Allum If eyther this or the other which is harde degender into an vlcer cancrous touch it not but vse such remedies as ye shal heare in the vlcer Cancrons The seauenth Chapter of the tumor in the mouth called Vunla or Columella THe mouth as sayth Gordon is the instrument of voice in beastes and speaking in men in the which happen diuers grieuous and dangerous passions but we wil intreat of those which are moste daungerous beginning with Vunla which is called in our tongue the pap of the mouth Nature being prouident that nothing should offend hath placed in the roufe of the mouth this little peece of fleshe for diuers reasons first that we may pronounce and sâ—eake clearer for which cause it is called plectrum vocis also that the aire enter not in the trachearter till the force and impetuositie of the cold be corrected for we see in those who waÌ„t it haue both deformity of speach refrigiratioÌ„ on the lightes Vunla is an inflamation or aposthume either in forme long and is called Columella that is like a piller or like vnto the vine berrie called Vua The cause is eyther interne or externe the interne are hot humors which come from the head and cause an inflamation also asceÌ„ding from the stomacke as happeneth in rotten feuers in like manner of abundance of blood The cause externe is cold Cough excessiue eating and drinking at vnacostomed howers chiefly at night The signes are manifest to the sight chiefly in pressing downe the tongue accompanyed with dolor and feuer paine to swallow any thing the sick thinketh that he hath alwayes something in his mouth The iudgmentes are that sometime it falleth so much that it filleth vp the whole throate so the sick suffofoketh in case it be not quickely cutte if it be cutte altogether the patient waxeth dumbe or at least speaketh so as he may not be vnderstoode and his drinke doth auoyde by the nose which accidents I did see in a Chanon of S. Honorie in Paris who was my patient The Cure consisteth first in the forme of dyet tending to colde and drie vsing meates of light digestion drinking no strong not fumie drinke often vsing of clisters and bleeding in both the armes if ye perceiue plenitude ventouses on the shoulders and opening the head with scaâ—rifications frictions on the necke opening of the veines vnder the toungue The particular remedies shall onely be plantaine rose or common water with a little vineger
Scotland who is most skilfull in our Arte. The thirteenth Chapter of the tumor in the necke called Bruncoceli or Hernia gutturis THis Tumor which the Greekes call Broncon is rounde great ingendred of the humor Phlegmaticke betwix the trachearter and the skinne sometime occupying the most parte of the necke of the which there are diuers kindes according to the matter contained therein sometime like atâ—â—râ—ma other whiles like aâ—enfrisma The cause is not different from those that it is like vnto yet some are external some internal as coldayre drinking of euill water as those who dwell in Piemont who are much subiect because the most parte of their drinke is melted snowe also the retention of the purgations in women and great aboundance of the humor melancholicke The Signes are most euident to the sight The Iudgementes are that those that come by nature are incureable and those which are like aâ—eâ—frisma must not be touched those that are verie great aocompanied with veines are very dangerous in no wise to be touched those that are tractable must be opened by canter or lancet eschewing alwayes the veines The cure is like vnto atâ—â—râ—ma in the beginning it is good to apply a cake of leade rubbed with quicke siluer or the emplaister de vigo with mercurie and rubbing it with thy hand till it grow redde and vse things to prouoke spitting for the which it shall be expedient to vse fiue or sixe graines of the arabicke pouder in the meane time vse good dyet and thinges to cause loosenes of the bellie bleede in both armes if the maladie requireth Ye shall heare of this at more length in the Treatise of childe-birth by reason sometime it happeneth in time of trauailing The fourtenth Chapter of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma ANeâ—â—isme is an tumor sofr to the touch the which is ingendred of bloode and spirrit vnder the skin and muscles which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodye chiefly in the neck for which cause we speake of it in this place The cause is eyther dilatation incision or ruption of the arter which often chaunceh to women in the time of their birth to water men and others who vse violent labour through crying or greate violence which dilateth the arter The signes are this tumor in pressing on it with thy finger thou shalt feele great pulsasion and the tumor of the same coulor as the rest of the skin it is soft in touch and yeildeth to the finger by reason the spirrit retireth into the arter and hauing taken away the finger it doth returne presently and in returning making a noyse by reason of the blood and spirit which returneth at a litle incision this happeneth when the Aneâ—frisme is done by Anâ—stomis that is being opened and cut When the arier is riuen as happeneth in women and those of great exercise there issueth foorth more abundance of blood thaÌ„ spirrit and is more harde than the other and maketh lesse noyse in retiring Those which are superficiall in the exterior partes as the head legges and armes may bee knit and are cureable those which are profunde and interior as in the brest as of happenth to those who sweate excessiuely of the Venerian sicknes also those in the neck vnder the armes and flanckes and where there is great dilatation of great arters are not cureable but death ensueth in few dayes If the tumor be opened the patient dieth presentlye this happeneth oftentimes by the vnskilfulnes of the Barbors and Apothecaries that meddle therewith and ruine a number of people through their ignorance as I haue often seene for such people esteeme all tumors that are soft to be opened as common Aposthumes In Paris 1590. there happened such a disease to one called Captane Tayle who was one of the chiefest Captaines amongst the Spaniardes on the right side of his neck for the which I as Chirurgian ordinarie to the regiment was sent for found that it should not be touched of which opinioÌ„ was also my companyon Andrew Scot a man verye expert in his art who was at that time in great practise at Paris and now ChirurgiaÌ„ to the King of Scotland I ordained remedies to let the encreasing of it which receipt of mine being sent to the Apothecarie he thought it not meete medicine for an aposthume as he termed it he sent for his brother the glorious Barbor who seing the Captaine found no difficultie but sware with great othes that he had charmes for al sotes and the Apothecarie sware that hee had salues for al sores so preseÌ„tly opened it with a lancet ro auoide the matter as they thought which being the spirrit bold came forth with such violence that the Captaine died preseÌ„tly I doubt not but that in these countries there be many such things coÌ„mitted by such ignoraÌ„ts so destroy many people I vse alwayes in such chiefly in the neck vnder the arms and in the paps these remedies that I prescribed to the Spaniard that is first to draw blod in both the arms next to apply on the sore cerat Galen or de bolo or this Ree pulueris suhtilissimi boli armenici sanguinis draconis myrtiloruÌ„ lapidis calaminarii in aceto extincti absinthei an vnc 1. cum cerato refrigeraÌ„tis Galeni quantuÌ„ sufficit fiat vnguentuÌ„ siue magdaleon For the same effect I vse a cake of lead rubbed with quicksiluer these things will hinder the growing for a time although it be nere the noble parts If it be in the extremities as legges or armes they may liue a long time by the vsage of the aforesaid remedies I knew a womaÌ„ in Paris who had one very gret in her thigh liued 10. yeres if it be litle and superficial I find no better thaÌ„ cataplasme made of claret wine with the crops leaues of cypres which I haue often vsed on the arme when the arter hath been opened in stead of the veine Otherwise I knitt them after this forme first I incise the skin long-wise next discouer the arter and being discouered I passe a needle with a double thread vnder it two inches aboue the incision or ruption of the arter and theÌ„ knitts it with a double knot voydes awaye the blood contained and cureth the wound according to the estate it is in The fiftenth chapter of tumors or aposthumes in the paps THe papps which are part is glandulous ordained by nature partly for the decoration of women and partly to be answerable to the 2. chaÌ„bers of the matrix are ordained for the generation of milk are subiect to diuers diseases as other parts of like substance here we wil only intreat of the aposthume which hapneth in them The cause is such as ye haue heard in other aposthumes and the retensioÌ„ of the purgations also abundaÌ„ce of thick and knotty milk The signes are such as ye haue
heard in others as dolor pricking tensioÌ„ rednes feuer The cure consisteth in vniuerâ—all perticuler remidies vniuersall as purgatioÌ„s bleeding chiefly of the veines saphens veÌ„tosing friction on the thighes with other coÌ„uenient remedies for the prouocatioÌ„ of the purgations as ye shall heare at length in the treatise of the diseases in womeÌ„ Vse good diet tending to humidity The perticular remedies differ not froÌ„ others sauing that we vse familiar weake repercussiues because it is nere to the noble parts in the beginning it shal be good to foment the pappe with hot water vineger oyle of roses or this take the flowers of camomill lyn-seede fenegreck of ech half a pound the iuyce of mallowes roses and plantine of each three ounces vineger two ounces wet a cloth therein and lay on the sore If it tend to maturation vse this the crum of white bread and beane meale of ech halfe an ounce flower of Fenegreck half an ounce Mallowes althea and lillie roots of ech a little seeth them in milk putting therto the yolke of an egge fresh butrer a little saffion when it is come to suppuration open it with canter or lancet vacuate the humor and cure it as other apostumes make a bandage to holde it vp and labour not with the arme on the sore side for that maketh attraction of milke to it The sixteene Chapter of the Tumor in the thorax câ—lled Pleurisie PLeurisie is an inflammation and tumor of the membranes which knitte couer the ribbes whereof there are two sortes false and true the false is outward in the muscles of the short ribbes the true is that which cometh in the membranes which knitte the ribbes The Cause is externe and interne the externe is great heate or colde also great vsage of strong wine or very cold water violent exercise or colde ayre after great heat the internall cause is great repletion of all the body foure humors but chiefly the bloud and choler which make the most subtill part of the bloud ascend from the veine caue to the veine azigos thereafter in the muscles veines membranes inteâ—â—stals The Signes as saith Galen are great dolor from the shoulders to the nethermost ribbe punction in the side continuall feuer difficultie of respiring coughing hard pulse great alteration with want of appetite The Iudgementes are these that which commeth on the right side is not so dangerous as on the left if the spittle be blacke liuide and viscous with continual cough and vehement dolor long continuing it is mortall If the vrine bee thicke blewe or blacke it is mortall if the cough bee very drie and cease not it is an â—uill signe If the spittle be white light equal with little cough and the patient sleepeth well good appetite and the vrine redde coloured it is a good signe The Cure consisteth in vniuersall and particular remedies vniuersall as clisters bleeding in both the armes chiefly in the side opposite to the sore keeping good dyet abstayning from all strong drinke women violent exercises perturbations of the minde the particular shall be cataplasmes and linimentâ—s of flowers of camomill melllot annise seede linâ— seede and fenâ—greâ— if the dolor bee great and doth continue Fuchius counselleth frequent applycation of ventouses with scarrification of the parte affected If by these remedies the paine doth not cease neither that ye perceiue any euacuation of the humor neither by the mouth vrine nor fundament it is to be suspected to turne into Empiem which is a collection of matter betweene the ribbes and the region of the lightes sometime with corruption hereof for the which we make incision either by canter or lancet but rather by the canter for neither doth it close so soone nor is so dolorous the opening shall be betweene the third and fourth of the true ribbes beginning at the nethermost and so counting vpwarde sixe inches from the ridge of the backe If yee see tumor eminent in any place of the thorax open it in the most conuenient place Hippocrates counselleth to decouer the third ribbe and bore it with a trepan to let out the humor when it is open put in a hollowe tente either of siluer or leade let not all the matter auoyde at one time but by little and little and cure it as other apostumes The seuenteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the nauell called in Greeke â—â—câ—mphalon or Eminentia vmbilici VVHen the Peritone is dilated or riuen the Nauell doth swell or tumifie in such sort that sometime it riueth the cause is often in the midwife that either knitteth too neare or too long by the neere knitting either it slippeth breaketh or causeth conuulsion other grieuous diseases by the too long knitting it giueth place to the intestine or â—mentum or some bloud or fleshe waterie or windie vapors doe occupie the eminent place The Signes are knowne by the diuersitie of the matter contayned therein as if the omentum it is softe and in cullour not different from the rest of the flesh if the intestine the tumor is softe and inequall and returneth into the capacitie with a noyse if humiditie or vapours the signes are as in waterie and windie tumors if bloud which happeneth through the infecting of some veine or arter the signes are as in aueâ—â—risma if excrescence of flesh the tumor is hard and obeyeth not easily The Iudgements are these when the dilation is great it healeth not easily and often riueth by some violence or coughing The Cure is first in good regiment tending to sobrietie abstayning from all statuous meates and such as ingender crudities little mouing and such like Particular remedies consist in emplaisters astringent or the emplaister set downe in the practise of Petrus de Angilla also fomentations astringent and bandages chiefely in the beginning If that helpe not reduce the puddinges and quafe and cause the sicke to hold in his breath till ye knit the production let it fall of it selfe and produce the cicatrice If it bee riuen by violence or great cough that the intestine commeth out as happened to a woman whom I cured in Paris yee shall inlarge the wounde with a conuenient instrument reduce the intestine and vse the sutor pellitor and cure it as other woundes If there bee winde and water in the place cure it as ye shall heare more at large set downe in the Chapter of Hernes The eighteene Chapter of the Tumor in the belly called Hydrâ—psie HIdropsie is a Tumor against nature ingendred of great quantitie of water winde or phlegme sometime dispersed through the whole bodie and is called vniuersall otherwhiles in some part thereof is called particular most commonly in the capacitie of the Peritone of the which there are three kindes to witte ascites timpanites and anasarca Ascites is a maladie that causeth the bellie and legges
conceiued in the time of the monethly purgations or else the mother or father hath beene elephanticke After we are borne it commeth eyther of corruption of ayre as in places neare the Sea which maketh the humors of the bodie thicke also dwelling in hotte countries as in Aphricke Spayne and others where many haue this disease also in colde partes which thicken the humors plenitude of the humors chiefly of the melancholicke retention of the hemerhoides or purgation menstruall defect in the milte corrupteth the humors chiefely melancholy great vsage of melancholike meates ae Swine Goates Hares cheese and such like The Signes are great tumor occupying the whole member or some parte thereof which augmenteth by little and little not dolorous insensible which sometime is inflamed The iudgementes when it is vniuersall or particular it is incureable yet some remedies palliatiues may be vsed to lette and stay the maladie by purging the melancholicke humor bleeding bathing ventousing prouocation of the flowers and hemeroâ—hes vsing of good regiment and thinges that ingender good blood abstayning from things of contrarie qualitie the which must be done by the aduise of the learned Physitian If there come inflammation in the hart vse such remedies as are set downe in the Chapter of Phlegmon I haue seene some haue this maladie and liue 20. yeares and more by the vsing of good regiment but I haue knowne none to come to perfect cure The thirtie seauen Chapter of the tumor which commeth in the extremities of the fingers called Paneris or Paranochia THis Aposteme which occupyeth the extremities of the fingers and rootes of the nailes is called by the Greekes Paranochian by the Latins Reduuiae The Cause is melancholick humor venemous and most hot of the nature which proceedeth from the bones nerues tendons and membranes which couer the same The signes are vehement dolor whic maketh the â—icke almost beside himselfe great inflamation feuer and sundry other lik accidents as in Carbuncle The Iudgments it is sometime vlcered with virulent matter is verie dangerous as saith Gordonius oftentimes afore there bee any outward apparence in the flesh it rotteth both the bones and ligaments and membranes and then there is no remedie but to cut it for feare it infect the rest and also cause death as reporteth de Vigo The Cure first the sicke shal be purged and bleede in the arme opposite vsing good regiment and abstayning from all strong drinke as for the topicall remidies there are diuers opinions amongst our old writers some counsell repercussiues and â—nodins and supuratiues other counsell for the greatnes of this disease not to abide the maturation but presently make incisioÌ„ in the inner side of the part or ioynt the length of the said ioynt going to the bone to giue issue to the venim which is coÌ„monly the periost and bone let it bleed till it â—â—aunch of it selfe thereafter washe the part with strong vineger and Aquauitae wherein hath been delayed a little Treacle vsing a liniment of vnguent rosat Populeon with a little oyle of Roses or a cataplasme made of the leaues of Henbane Sorrell mandrakes rosted vnder the ashes and mingled with a little Butter or Hogges greace this doth appease the dolor and prouoke matter This being doone cleanse the vlcer and cicatrize it as in others The thirtie eight Chapter of the litle hardnes in the feete commonly called Cornes THose hard tumors which coÌ„monly occupie the toes and feete chiefly the ioyntes and vnder the nailes are called Cornes and in latin Clauus of the which there are three kindes to wit Corpus Callus and Clauus The Cause is chiefly in wearing straight shoes superfluous excrements which cannot auoide so remaineth in the partueruous and acquireth a certaine hardnes according to the nature of the part where they are The Signes are apparent to the sight The cure is that those that are little not deepe are to bee cut finely at the roote and filled vp with a little wax and greene copperous or else a little of the sande which remaineth of the vrine take heede yee cut not to deepe amongst the ligaments tendons for the great accidentse that followe as inflamation sometyme conuulsion and Gangren so that some loose their toes feete In cutting a part of it the roote groweth more large then it is best to foment the part with water of mallowes and Althea or water wherein Tripes haue been sod thereafter vse Gum Ammoniac dissolued in Aquauitae and laye one it or this which I haue often vsed made of lyke quantitie of Turpintine wax and verdegreace and applye thereon And so we end this Treatise and shall followe out to intreate of woundes in like manner THE SIXT TREATISE Of Woundes and containeth twelue Chapters Chapter 1 Of woundes in generall Chapter 2 Of the simple wound Chapter 3 Of the composed wound with losse of substaÌ„ce Chapter 4 Of the contused woundes Chapter 5 Of woundes done by gunshot Chapter 6 Of woundes in the veines and arters Chapter 7 Of woundes in the Nerues Chapter 8 Of wuundes by biting of venemous beastes Chapter 9 Of woundes in the bones Chapter 10 Of woundes in the head Chapter 11 Of woundes in the thorax Chapter 12 Of woundes in the bellie The first Chapter of the cause signes and curation of woundes in generall CO Like as wee haue proceeded in the former Treatise of Tumors wee shall follow out the same Method in woundes and so I demaund what is a wound LO It is a dissolution of the continui-tie recent bloudie without putrifaction in the soft hard or organicke partes CO. Which is the cause of woundes LO Whether they be animate or inanimate they are of three sortes of the which they take their denomination as if the wound be made by a thing sharpe pointed as a rapier launce or darte it is called thrust or stabbe if with a cutting thing it is called incision or cut if with a heauie blunt thing as a stone or club which commeth by force and breaketh contundeth the flesh it is called coÌ„tusion CO. Which are the signes of wouÌ„ds LO They are manifest according to the iudgement accideÌ„ts that follow CO. Which are the differents LO Some are simple others coÌ„posed CO. What is a simple wound Lo. It is that wherin is no lacke of substaÌ„ce healed one way only to wit by coÌ„solidatioÌ„ as sayth Hyppocrates CO. What is composed LO It is that in the which there is losse of substance and hath diuers intentions for the cure thereof CO. Differ woundes no otherway LO They differ also in that some heale easily some are difficill and some are mortall some without intemprie some little other great sperficiall profound in the simple or similar others in the instrumentall or orgaine parts some in soft some in hard partes CO. Which are those which heale easily LO
Those which are in the flesh not touching veines nerues nor arters in bodies well composed and where there are no great accidents nor in partes dangerous CO. Which are dangerous LO All those which are interne also in the membranes of the braines in the heart lightes lyuer Diaphragma and great intestins and those that are within three fingers to the iointes also woundes in the nerues which cause conuulsion for their communication with the braines those in the Esophag vines Ingulare in the flanck thighes betwixt the fingers and all those yet are without tumor all woundes in the head both great smal wouÌ„ds that are depe made ouerthwart also some are difficill for the excellencie of the part being necessarie to all the bodie and life it selfe CO. Which are mortall LO All those in the substance of the braines heart lyuer midst of the lightes chist of the gall midst of the Diaphragme stomack milt kidneis small intestines bladder matrix trachearter and spinall medull Also those at the rootes of the emunctoires and noble partes in like manner in the veine caâ—e descending or ascending the veine part great arter or in the back cause present death be reason of the great euacuatioÌ„ of the bloode and spirrits CO. Which aere the particuler signes whereby you know those partes to be mortall LO Euerie one hath a perticuler signe as if the braines or membrane thereof be hurt the blood commeth foorth by the nose by the eares with vomiting of choller voiding of the excrementes vnawares to the partie the face vgly to the sight the feeling dull and vnderstanding hurt the patient falleth into rauing convulsion within 3 or 4 daies We know the heart to be hurt when there cometh out quantitie of blood thick black chiefly if the right side be hurt if the left it is more red and subtill the pulse becometh weake variable the colour pale with vniuersall trembling casting a cold ill sauoured sweat the extremities wax cold often sounding and dieth shortly We knowe the Lights to be hurt when the sicke doth breath with difficultie voyding a spumous blood at the mouth and wound lying on the wounded side speaketh and not on the other side some raue the red colour and heate goeth to the visage in the end issueth quantitie of matter at the wound The Diaphragme being hurt the flancks retire close there is great weight on the part dolor in the rig back cough difficultie of breath with issue of a spumous blood at the wound as in the Lightes If the Liuer be hurt there cometh out great abundance of blood the flanckes retire towards the back the colour like death the eyes sinke in the head want of rest the vrine is bloody the excrements purulent the sick cometh to lie on the belly the dolor is pricking extending to the breast bone and ribbes in respiring he draweth in his shoulders and vomiteth choller Paulus Aegineta reporteth that one lobe of the Liuer may be hurt and yet death not follow of necessitie If the Milt be hurt the blood cometh forth black thick at the wound or left flanck which with the stomack waxeth hard there is great drought dolor in the furcilles as in the Liuer If the Kidneys be hurt the dolor descendeth to the roote of the thigh testicles there is difficultie of vrine pissing of blood sometime blood staieth within the sicke dieth all swollen If the Orifice of the stomack be hurt there ensueth vomiting of choller as also of that which is eaten presently the pulse is weake sweating the extremities cold The stomack and intestine ieiunuÌ„ being hurt haue the same signes with the meat drinke issuing forth at the wound the flancks dolorous and hard the Patient voydeth choller at the mouth spitteth blood with great cold in the extâ—mities The Spinall medull hurt the sicke becometh paraliticke in a conuulsion and looseth the feeling the inferior conduites are relaxed so voydeth the seed vrine or excrements If the Bladder be hurt there is great dolor aboue the yarde pissing of blood voyding of vrine at the wound vomiting of choller cold in the extremities If the Matrix be hurt the dolor doth communicate to the liskes haunches thighes the blood cometh forth partly by the wound partly by the nature some lose sence and reason and some speach haue the same accidents with those that are hurt in the heart If the Intestines be hurt there is great dolor with continuall voyding of the fecall matter at the wound CO. What is to be considered of the Chirurgian touching the Iudgement of wounbs LO First to know what part is hurt the nature thereof whether there be any or no hope of health knowing the parts that are easie to heale difficile mortall also the vsage actioÌ„ substance situation of the same likewise the figure of the wound actions that happen the temperature age sex region season constitution of the time Wounds in the nerues teÌ„dons ioints bones without apparence of tumor are euil signes shew the humor to be brought to the noble part Wounds with fracture behinde are in danger of spaâ—me such being before are in danger of raâ—ing freÌ„sie Iâ— convulsion happen in a wound chiefly after some great inflaÌ„mation it is for the most part mortall sheweth the parts neruous to be hurt Wounds in the head if after x. daies symptons do happen signifie abscesse in the liuer and likewise great desire of drinke signifieth the same Wounds that haue bled much if conuulsion ensue are dangerous as also all thrusts in nerues tendons the vnuoluntarie vomiting of choller wheÌ„ the sick is hurt or the inflaÌ„matioÌ„ lasteth is an euill signe CO. Vntill what time should we stay our Iudgement of woundes in the heade LO Vntill Fortie daies and some late writers till fifteene and twentie daies dayes after which time commeth often feuer and other euill accidents which chaunce often at full Moone and dyeth as I haue sometime noted CO. What time of the yeare is most expedient for curation of woundes LO The spring time when the weather is neither hot nor cold the Autume is euill for the moystnes of the ayte as also the cold winter which is enimie to vlcers and woundes in the membranes and bone as sayth Hyppocrates CO. Howe many pointes are there to bee obserued in curing of woundes LO Fiue first in ordring of vniuersall remedies regimeÌ„t of life aire which must bee hot and temperate the sicke must be nourished with litle meate and of light digestion some-what refrigeratiue if there be feare of feuer or inflamation which danger is most to be feared afore the 7. day abstayne from wine and all strong drinke except through losse of much blood the hart be faint supp lightly abstayn from women and all vehement passions of
the minde If great dolor inflamation conuulsion happen as in partes neruous and bare of flesh let blood vse some light purgations if the bodie be Cacohchymick In great wounds of the head and in such times as is not conuenient ro giue potions at the mouth as ye shall iudge by the sicknes state of the diseased vse Clisters The second point in taking away of that which is noysome as Iron Balles Stones Wood Cloth and such like peeces of bones and congealed blood are also to be taken away being seperated from the part and not ioyned as before CO. By what meanes takest thou such thinges away LO They shal be taken away either by the part where they enter or partes whether they tend which is done by diuers sorts of instrumeÌ„ts fit for that purpose also by the helpe of these medicameÌ„ts radix pectinis veneris cum malua tusa Plin. lib. 24. cap. 19 Aristolochia ammo inacum cum melle arundinis radix conâ—â—sa et melliâ—dâ—nista altoresi fructus tritus dictanmum propolis narcissus lacerte caput tritum et appositum Oribasâ—â—s lib. 7. cap. 17. excepting alwaies if they bee in some parte noble and in that case are not to bee touched because it hasteneth death and helpeth not then we must consider if the thing be superficiall not yet passed the great vessels as veines arters and nerues it shal be best to drawe it out by the wound if it be passed the veines arters and nerues it shal be best to drawe it by the part whether it tendeth by incision of the part least by drawing it foorth where it came in dilacerations of the sayd parts which is to be obserued in broad arrowes by this meanes the wound healeth more easily by teason that the medicament may bee applyed on both sides and the matter doth voyde better Beware in making the incision to cut nerue veine or arter if at first they cannot be drawen out they are to be let alone for a certaine space in which time the fleshe which is about it doth consume and putrifie so giueth an easie issue The late practitioners thinke best to draw it out at the first if it be possible because then the patient feeleth not the sore so much as afterward also the part doth swel through fluxion of the humors which maketh the wound narrow accompanyed with greater dolor than at first For the extraction we situate the sick in such forme as when he was hurt and seeke the thing in sounding of it with meete instrument or the finger which is most sure and drawe it foorth with the least paine that may If the wound bee not great enough that it may not be drawen without delaceration of the flesh which maketh great inflamation dolor we must after the counsell of or auntients dilate the wound with a rasor to the end the thing therein may be drawen foorth the more easily for the which it is necessarie to know the forme substance situation and connexion of the part with the Symptomes which doe commonlye follow If the thing be in the bone it must be drawen by a Tyrefond and shaken a certaine time afore as counselleth Albrucrasis if the bone bee much broken it shal be best to vse dilatation both to drawe more easily the little peeces and also conioyne the great If without greate paine the bullet or other thing can not be founde and the sick feele no great harme â—hereof it shal be best to let it alone till such time it show it selfe which sometime hapneth not in long time as we see by dayly experience The third intention is to close the lippes of the wounde by suture bandage and ligators CO. What is suture It â—s a ioyning of the parts seperated against the course of nature with needle and thread to the end the cicatrize bee the surer in greate woundes as the Thighes Legge and aâ—mes where rhere is great distance betwene the brimms Iâ— the part be altogether cut haue almost no hold wherby to receiue life the suture auaileth not also if the lippes of the wound be swollen inflamed it must not be done till the inflamation be past and the wounde some-thing suppured in doing whereof it must neither be too slacke nor too straight CO. How many sortes of sutures are there LO Diuers according to the diuersitie of the wounde hurt partes and nature of the bodies and are commonly referred to three to wit incarnatiue retentiue and conseruatiue CO. After how many wayes vsest thou the incarnatiue LO Fiue wayes first we must haue a needle of a reasonable length somtime right otherwhiles curbed triangular at the point with a soft rounde greate thread to the proportioÌ„ of the needle and wound also you must hold your needle case on the other side of the wound to hold it steadie let the first stitch bee in the out-side of the wound and the case on the hurt side next the stitch on the hurt side of the other side and the case on the whole side beginning alwaies in the middest of the wounde taking reasonable great stitches in deepe woundes and superficiall in small woundes the lippes must be ioyned euen together so knit the thread and it cut neare the knot thereafter if neede be put an other stitch in the interspace obseruing alwayes an inch betweene the stitches CO. Howe is the second done LO Eyther with a needle or diuers together as if the wound be great and deepe and the thread not suffitient we passe an other needle in the wounde as the preâ—â—dent yet not drawing it through as doth women when they sticke a needle in their sleeues and turne threade abour it and after this order vse so many as shal be needefull according to the greatnesse of the wounde and this kinde of future we vse in clouen lippes which shal bee doone in this manner If it be not great and much dylated and the person neyther too yoong nor too olde nor of euill habitude wee take the lippe and cutte all the skin of the inner side of the cleft with an instrument then we passe one needle as abouesayd or two if neede be with an emplaister of Betonica or such like which doth conglutinat the lippe commonly in Ten dayes after which time cut the thread and out the needle and induce the cicatrize as in others Doe the like in the eares or nose being so clouen CO. How doest thou the third future incarnatiue LO With long needles and strong thread double with a hard knot in the end which we passe in diuers parts of the wound leauing alwaies an inche betwixt then passe a little round peece of wood the greatnes of a small goose quill in each side of the wouÌ„d vnder the thread and presse the lippes of it gently together and knit the thread with double knottes one after another vntill all be knit which is vsed in great wound CO. How is
ligators frictions good regiment in vnnaturall thinges thirdly in vsing particular remedies first digestiues for such woundes must sodainly be brought to suppuration for the which vse this cataplasme of mallowes violets althea sodden in fresh broth putting to it a little barley flowre butter basilicon and the yolkes of egges with a digestiue or this Take waxe turpentine calues grease goose grease honney mirrhe and oyle of roses mingle all together To appease the dolor vse oyle of camomill roses lillies mirtles oxyrodin and bol armenie The fourth intention is in correcting of the accidentes as dolor apostume gangren for the which vse such remedies as yee haue heard in the seconde Treatise The wound suppured and the accidentes corriged it must be cleansed with honney of roses and turpentine mundificatiue de appio apostolorum and such like as yee shall heare in the introductioÌ„ to Chirurgerie in the pooremaÌ„s guide Being cleansed wee vse incarnatiues and desiccatiues as was set downe in the former Chapter The fifth Chapter of woundes done by gunshot I Haue spoken of simple compound and contused woundes nowe will I intreat of woundes with dilaceration and losse of soft and hard partes and is made by diuers sortes of instrumentes as bulleâ—tes of lead iron steele brasse stones and other such like matter in diuers figures as round triangular quadrangular pointed flatte little and great which sometime penetrate sometime not whereof our auncientes haue made no mention except onely Celsus who telleth not with what instrument they were shotte with therefore though some haue written of late yet because they are of diuers opinions and written in sundry languages I will shewe my opinion touching the same not making any mention of others who haue written of the same This kinde of woundes is accompanied with tumor dilaceration of flesh veines arters nerues tendous ligamentes and boanes superficiall profound otherwhiles through the bodie and according to the difference the Chirurgian must take his indication to diuersifie the remedie in like manner apostume dolor corruption of the partes gangrened and mortified through the great aboundance of bloud dispersed betwixte the muscles also for the dissipation of the naturall heate sometime one onely accident otherwhiles diuers together for the which we vse two curatiue intentions to wit restitution of such things as are lost and to conioyne the partes deuided These wouÌ„ds come indifferently to all parts of our bodie whereof there are diuers opinions some thinke that there is venenositie in the pouder and burning in the bullette which is false for the thinges whereof the pouder is ordinarily made as brimstone saltpeter coales of diuers sortes of trees water wine and aquauitae haue no venenositie in them likewise there is no burning in the bullet for if the bullette of lead beeing shotte a great way should burne through heat would be melted it selfe I haue cured diuers within these tenne yeeres of diuers nations which haue followed the warres in Fraunce in the which I haue found no more difficultie then in other contused woundes so I thinke these accidentes come onely by contusion and dilaceration of the flesh and not by any venenositie nor vstion yet there may be some extraordinarie mixtion in the pouder which causeth venome for the which we take some other indication acccording to the thing The Causes Signes differences and Iudgements are not much different from those of other woundes set downe and sufficiently discoursed in the generall Chapter as for the Cure there are fiue intentions first to draw the ball secondly to appease the dolor thirdly to cause suppuration fourthly in mundifiyng generation of flesh and consolidation fiftly in correction of the accidents As touching the first and second to draw out the bullet and appease the dolor I haue discoursed at length in the generall Chapter neuerthelesse because in these woundes there is vehement dolor which weakeneth the sicke hindereth nature causeth fluxion letteth suppuration and consumeth the flesh which is contused I will set downe things more particularly for the appeasing thereof in chaunging the temperature of the whole bodie in due vsage of the sixe vnnaturall thinges by purgations bleeding and abstayning from thinges which cause dolor as great tentes sections straight bandages wrong situation of the part incision vnlesse there be great neede The topicall remedies as cataplasmes with bread milke yolkes of egges and a little saffron also mallowes sodden and beaten with wheate flowre oyle of roses and hogges grease and saffron are good or this Rec. sanguinis draconis boli armenâ—ci an onc 1. pulueris rosarum et myrtillorum an onc di aceti onc 1. albumina ouorum quatuor olei rosacei quantum sufficit fiat vnguentum If there be great heat oyle of roses with whites of egges and vineger layde about and on the part is good Also cerat Galen or vnguent rosat mesne with bol armenie sanguinis draconis pouder of roses and myrtles If we feare inflamation which oft chaunceth till the seuenth day vse the same remedies and shift them twise or thrise a day The tentes shall be soft wette in turpentine with a little hypericon and aquauitae according to the nature of the part and vse this remedie hotte and continue it till the inflamation bee past let the sicke eate and drinke little that he ingender no superfluities Auicen couÌ„selleth to giue meate to the sicke onely for sustentation of nature abstayning from wine for it is enemie to al wounds drinke sodden water with sugar or honey or ptysane till the inflamation be past keepe rest and quietnesse abstayning from all actions of the spirrit watching and women according to the disposition and nature of the hurt Third intentions consisteth in medicameÌ„ts suuppuratiâ—es which must be done with speede to the end they be lesse subiect to inflammation vsing remedies which are of qualitie hot and dry with vertue to correct the putrefaction let the GangreÌ„ mortification of the parte there are of diuers formes the simples are made of oyle of HypericoÌ„ of eggs yolkes of egges lynit seede Lillies Turpentine Mirh such like or this Rec. tereb enthine onc 2. corticis thuris drag 1. mastichis drag 3. olei hypericonis et rosaruÌ„ an parum vitellum vnius oui fiat medicamentuÌ„ Or this which I most coÌ„monly vse of HypericoÌ„ Turpentine and yolks of egges or my balme which is excellent in all kindes of woundes made thus Rec. summitatuÌ„ et florum scrophularie et hyperico nis an quantuÌ„ volueris offiâ—glossi vel herbe carpentariâ—ruÌ„ et consoli dae regis an quantum volueris terebenthinae venetae quantum sufficit macerentur in sufficienti quantitate olei hypericonis insolentur omnia in sole calidissimo spatio 40. dierum in vase plumbeo vel vitreo duplicato posteo fiat fortis expressio seruetur liquor pro balsamo The fourth intention is to mundifie and regenerate that which is lost which must
to the accidents Parey telleth of a man from whome hee drewe 100. sauceâ—s of bloode in Foure dayes who thereby was cured and otherwise hadde dyed Shaue the heade and applye Cataplasmes of Flower of Beanes and Oxymell with the Oyle of Roses and suche lyke that are somewhat cold and humide vse frictions and ligators on the extremities ventouses on the shoulders sometime to open the veine puppis ftontis sub lingua and the arter on the temples Abstaine in the sicknes and long after from women and perturbations of the minde The pâ—rticular is thus first we consider if the bone be broken that must be trepained roÌ„ged or lifted for the doing wherof the place must first be incisâ—d as ye haue heard yet it is not needfull to trepaune in all fractions and cleftes for sometime the first table is offended yet not penetrating to the diploy otherwhiles the duploy conâ—used the secoÌ„d table whole somtime the broken bone is a litle lifted so that the matter contained hath place to paâ—â—e and therfore it is not nedefull to trepan If any pece of bone the dura mater it must be drawn by fit instruments the trepan is good wheÌ„ the clefts in the are so litle that the matter caÌ„not euacuat yet it is not mete to trepanne in all fractures as ye haue heard noâ— to discouer the brains without necessity good iudgmeÌ„t so that the yoÌ„g Chirurgian may not so hastily as in times past trepan for euery simple fracture I wil shew wheÌ„ trepaning shold be vsed for what cause in what places also the way to trepan well First the ChirurgiaÌ„ shall well consider the stroke Simptomes if it be litle the veins betwixt the 〈◊〉 tables oâ— those that hold vp the dura mater with the â—rane be offeÌ„ded the blood fallen on the membrane then the trepan must be vsed to withdraw that matter which other wise wold cause death somtime it must be vsed for the out taking of the litle bones that pâ—ick the meÌ„brane also that more coÌ„modiously we may apply our remedies In al these things Hipp. couÌ„selleth to trepan When the fracture is inthe first table we vse the trepan exfoliatiue to giue issue to the blood which is betwixt the tables The time we shold trepan is 2. or 3. daies at the furthest after the hurt long delay causeth defluxion of humors on the dura mater which putrifieth causeth inflammation so incoÌ„tinent after we haue perceiued the offence of the crane and that the membranes suffer which is knowne by the sond or finger we should trepanne in the beginning yet sometime stay till the 7.10 or 14. day which is dangerous for which cause bee aduised in iudging therein Then wee must know what places may indure the trepanne which not for to auoid diuers accidents considering first if the boane be broken and separated in diuers pieces which if it be the pieces must bee lifted by fitte instruments and not by the trepan In like maÌ„ner we must not trepan on the fractures for that cutteth the veines arters filamentes which passe betwixt the pericrane and dura mater and cause great dolor and hemoragie of bloud for the which cause if occasion constraine vs to trepanne in those partes we applie the trepan on both sides of the future for the auoiding of the foresaid accidents as also for euacuation of the humor contayned The Trepan in like sort must not be applied on the open of the head in young children being yet soft and not solide nor on the temples for the muscles temporal where there is abundance of arters membranes nerues whereof commeth great fluxe of bâ—oud feuer conuulsion with other euill accidentes yet if fracture doth chaunce in those partes we apply the trepan a little aboue the saide muscle temporall Wee must not trepanne on the boane petrosa which is vnder the saide muscle nor on the boane of the eies because there is great cauitie full of ayre and humiditie ordayned by nature to prepare the ayre that goeth to the braines And these are the places which we should eschew in applying the trepan yet I haue seene some trepanned in these places and heale but noâ— without great hazard The way to trepanne is thus First scituate the head of the hurt in good scituation and holden by some body that it doe not wagge close his eares with cotton haue a good fire least the colde ayre enter on the membranes which may make putrefaction then the Trepan perforatiue shall be applyed to make a hole for the pyramide of the great Trepan next apply the whole Trepan with the pyramide turning it about softly till thou hast made a way with the teeth of the Trepan then take out the pyramide otherwise it shall passe offend the membranes continue in turning softly the Trepan sometime to lift it to put off the sawinges of the bone and when thou art at the duploy which shall be perceyued by the outcoÌ„ming of the bloud you shall consider if it be needefull to passe further as yee haue heard take good heede in trepanning of the second table lifting oft the Trepan and sounding if it be neere cut if it be more cutte on the one side then the other presse the Trepan on the thickest part and in this take good heede for often in cutting the one before the other thou scratcheâ—t the dura mater which causeth inflamation and death being almost cutte assay with the eleuator to draw it without violence if there be much of the sawinges on the dura mater take them out This I thought good to aduertise the young Chirurgian touching this operation which being done thou perceiuest if the membrane be inflamed oâ— in any wise altered as oft happeneth and is most daungerous for which we giue clysters drawe bloud and vse fomentations on the place of anodins and repercussiues If there bee alteration make a medicin of honney of roses syrrupe of wormewood aquauitae with a little aloes and myrrhe some adde to it a little white wine If there bee great putrefaction put thereto a little Egiptiac if there be neither inflamation nor alteration it shall suffice onely a little aquauitae with honey of roses so continuing till the membranes be mundified applying alwayes the medicinâ— hotte and cure it afterwardes as othâ—r woundes Vse alwayes aswell in this as all woundes of the head the emplaister veneticum prescribed in the poore mans guide and also the emplaister of betonica or diacalciâ—â—os malaxed with wine There is great iudgement to be vsed in doing this operation and fewe there are founde that doe it well Many I haue seene of verye learned and expert men and heard of diuers to my great ioy comfort among which Gilbert Primrose and Iohn Nessmith Chirurgians to the King of Scotland men very expert in this operation like as in all operations chirurgicals God increase the number of such learned men in this
and first I demaund what is an ulcer LO It is a solution of contimâ—tâ— made by erosion in diuers parts of the bodie out of the which procedeth a maâ—ter purulenâ— which hindereth the consolidation thereof CO. Are they not different LO Some differ in nature in substance in quantitie figure and accidents CO. How differ they in nature substance LO Some are simple in the flesh without any other indisposition as saith Galen or are composed with one or moâ— maladies as vlcers with intemperie corruption of the bone aposteme nodositie and diuers other accidents CO. How differ they in figure and quantitie LO Some are round long profound superficiall great and small CO. How differ they by accidents LO Some are putride dolorous fistulous cancrous some are inueterate some recent some in on member some in other places CO. How many causes are there of vlcers LO Three primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primiâ—â—tiues LO Contusion scratching heates applycation of sharp medicaments corrosion great cold that extinguisheth the the naturall heate chiefly in the extremities CO. Which are the causes antecedent LO Euill humors in the bodie which come of euill nouriture or euill disposition of the bodie or some part thereof chiefly the lyâ—er and milt CO. Howe are these humors causes of vlcers LO Partly by their euill qualitie partly through abundance thereof do spoyle open coâ—ode the most debill parts of our body not hauing force to resist such malignitie and so causeth vlcers CO Which are the coniunct causes LO The foresayd humors conioyned in the partes vlcered as also all other violent thinges that haue force to vlcerate the same part CO Which are the signes Lo. They are euident or are in the body are knowne by the dolor nature or the place accidents excrements such as you shall heare in the sixe kinds of proper vlcers CO. Which are those sixe kondes of vlcers LO The first is sanious 2. virulent 3. filthie 4. cancrous 5. putride or stinking 6. corrosiue or rotten awaye CO. Haue they no other names LO They haue fiue other names and first by the humors secoÌ„dly of the matter that coÌ„meth froÌ„ them thirdly of the accidentes fourthly of the sicknes fiftly by comparing them to the similitude of beastes CO. How take they their names by the humors LO Some are of the Phlegmatick humor and are called Phlegmaticks some by the blood and are called sanguinis by the choller chollerick and by melancholy melancholick CO. Howe take they the nemes of the matter LO Of the great abundance of sany or humidity it is called vlcer sanious of the pus purâ—lent of the sordidities it is called â—ordide of the virulence it is called viruleÌ„t CO. How take they their names of the acdents LO Of the hardnes called callositie it is hard and callous of the cauâ—â—ns of it it is called cauernous of the fistule it is called fistulate of the putrifaction putride of the corosion or malignitie of the matter corosiue of the cankers or hardnes turned ouer it called cancrous of the dolor dolorous of aposteme apostemus In all vlcers where any of these raigne they heale not till they be takeÌ„ away CO. What is callositie LO It is a drie flesh without dolor because it hath no veine to make it humide nor nerue to giue it feeling CO Howe is that called which commonly commeth from vlcers LO It is called sanie or matter CO. What is sanie LO It is a corruption of the part which nature cannot digest and make it to nourish the same CO. How many sortes of sanie is there LO Two to wit that which is commendable as it ought to be and that which is not CO. Which is commendable LO It is that which is white light equall in consisteÌ„ce neither thick thin nor euill tasted CO. Which is not commendable or euill sanie LO It is a corruptioÌ„ of the inâ—â—ument much altered through vnnaturall heate according to that alteration it produceth euill sanie CO. What call you pus LO It is a kinde of sanie made of the nouriture and superfluitie of the meÌ„ber tending to corruptioÌ„ by the alteratioÌ„ of the naturall heate debilitie of the member out of the which coÌ„meth a matter called virus sordities CO. Whot is virus Lo. It is that which is ingeÌ„dred of the most subtill and hotte parte of the pituitous humor which nature cannot digest for the great abundance thereof CO. What is it thou callest sordities LO It is a grosse matter ingendred of grosse humors CO. What callest thou durities or hardnesse LO It is a thing hard and solide not easie to bee corrupted which may come of three causes that is great heate congelation repletion CO. What callest thou fistula LO It is a profound vlcer hauing the entrie hard narrow deepe cauernous from the which proceedeth a matter virulent CO. What is putrefaction LO It is a chaunge of the substaunce of our whole body or of some parte thereof through an vnnaturall heate CO. What is the cause of putrefaction in our bodies LO It commeth either that the spirite animall is corrupted or cannot goe to the parte for colde heate apostume pustulles vlcers ambulatiues venenous also putting of oyles and such like in deepe vlcers doth corrupt the fleshe also too much vsing of refrigeratiues in hotte apostumes and ligators which intercept the spirite CO. How many sortes of putrefactions are there LO Three ro wit Gangren Estachiles and Histiomen CO. What is Gangren LO It is a putrefaction of the parte hauing yet feeling and differeth in that from others CO. What is Estâ—â—acheâ— LO It is a putrefaction of the member or parte thereof without feeling corrupting both flesh and boane CO. What is Hâ—stiomen LO It is a whole corruption of the member eating consuming the whole bodie away CO. What is Corrosion LO It is a consumption of the fleshe through the bitternesse and sharpenesse of the humor CO. What are the causes of Corrosion LO The malignitie of the fleshe the humor cholericke phlegmaticke salt admixed CO. What callest thou Cancer LO It is a maladie of a matter colde and drie being hotte by putrefaction hardnesse and other signes as ye shall heare in his proper Chapter CO. What are the Iudgementes LO There are diuers according to the accidentes that fall and first that vlcers remaining a yeere or more vncured make the boane vnder them altered rotten wheÌ„ such vlcers are whole there remaineth a cauitie in the part vlcered all vlcers that are euil colored blacke are esteemed malignes if any vlcer being filled vp ready to cicatrice begin sodainely to runne againe without manifest cause it is in danger to become fistulous Hippocrates saith that vlcers which haue no haire about them are vneasie to heale and cicatrice also those vlcers which come by reason of some maladie as hydropsie cachexie are hard to heale Hippocrates saith also if any
it be greatlie altered and changed as followeth hee shall esteame it perill and danger of death when the nose and nostrels are extenuated and sharpened by the same Malady and the eyes hollow and the temples viz. the parts betweene the eares and forehead are leane and the skinne of the brow is hard dry and loose and the eares cold and shronke or almost doubled and all the face appeareth black pale liuide or leaden and greatly deformed in respect of that which it was in time of health When these things before mentioned appeare in the Face or the most part of them In the beginning or first daies of the Maladie he must enquire if he cannot knowe by any other token if it happen not by watching too much viz. that the Patient hath not had time nor opportunitie to sleepe or if he hath had a naturall flux of the belly or if the said thinges haue happened by famine for if it be so he ought not to feare danger On the contrarie if the Face appeare such and continue and the Patient saith that the said things doe not proceed of watching loosenes of body nor by fasting the Medicine Chirurgian may assuredly presage death approching and if the maladie hath already continued three or foure daies after hauing considered that as is aboue mentioned it behooued him to contemplate by other signes as by the eyes and other parts of the body To presage by the signes of the Eyes and Lippes JF the Eies cannot see the day or light and weepe or powre out teares against nature and against the Patients will Also when it seemeth that they are like to fall out of the head or that the one is euidently giuen lesse or diminished or that the white of the eyes is red and the vaines appeare red or liuide or that they are bleared or dimme or trembling and very moueable or deepe sonck in also when the sick becommeth squint eyed and looketh ouer thwart and hath a terrible and obscure looke and hath the visage all disfigured fearefull all these signes are pernicious and mortall Also when the Patient sleepeth with his eyes halfe open he doth not so by custome and the white of the eye shew it selfe the eye lids being onely closed and this happeneth not by the flux of the body nor by laxatiue medicines it is a signe of death Also when the eye lids the lips and nose seeme to be crooked and drawen awry also mortified and liuide these signes with the preceding foretell death to the sicke Likewise when the lips are leane hanging downe colde and pale against the nature of the sicke the Medicine Chirurgian may presage and prognosticate death to approch To presage by the maner of Lying and Reposing AS for Lying it is a very good signe when the Patient reposeth and resteth on the right side or left at his ease hauing his hands vpon his stomack or elsewhere not being stiffe nor his legs but flexible and to repose as in health is best For to lie with neck hands feet stifly extended and vnflexible is an euill signe Likewise when the sicke turneth wrings and tosseth vp downe often times with starting either in sleepe or waking and making the beds feet where the head should be casting himselfe down not knowing what he doth is an euill signe Also if hee often vncouer himselfe hauing no great heat in the extremities that he casteth forth his armes legs feet head sōtime on this side somtime on that it is a signe that he is in great anguish distresse also it is a pernitious signe to sleepe with the mouth open contrarie to nature likewise to sleepe with the face vpward hauing the legs enterlaced and folded together as it were cords and that by the force and violence of the Maladie is a bad signe or when they are much enlarged against reason Likewise he that sleepeth contrarie to nature custome with the belly downeward laid close to the bed sheweth and signifieth confusion and alienation of sences or great rage dolor of the belly Also whosoeuer in the day of Critication and force of the Maladie constraines and forceth himselfe to rise sit vpright and is impatient puts himselfe in danger and it is an euill signe in all vehement great Maladies but worse in pulmonick passions ¶ To Presage by the Teeth VVHen one gnasheth the teeth not as a man that hath extreame cold but with collision in the Feuer hath not had it naturally nor by custome it signifieth trēbling of the spirit consequently death and if he be shortly after voide of reason and alienated it signifieth death approching ¶ To Presage of the signe of Death by the Vlcer IF there happen to the sicke person any Vlcer Antrax or Carbuncle whether it goe before the Maladie or come with the Malady if the Vlcer dry vp and it become neither greene liuide nor black and you perceaue the sicke to grow worse you may prognosticate death ensuing ¶ To presage by the Handes VVHen the Patient sicke of the burning Feuer or in the Maladie of the lights called Peripneumonia or in bastard frenzie and not perfect or in great dolor of the head seekes haire and there about below vpon the bed as threds and haeres of the face also feathers or filth of the couerings also straw rushes and other thinges thinkes to take hold of the seeling walles the which are al mortall signes ¶ To presage by Breath or Respiration THe Breath or Respiration signifieth often dolors or inflammations or burning in the spirituall members as in the heart and lights but when it is great and rare so that there is any long space betwixt the Respiration it signifieth alienation of vnderstanding and reason And when the breath issueth out of the mouth nostrils very cold it foretels great perill of death But gentle Respiration in any hot Maladie being ioyned and accompanied with a Feuer is signe of health in those that do end in fortie daies ¶ Of the Prognostication by Sweat THe healthfull commendable and good Sweat in all hot Maladies is that which hapneth in the day of Critication Iudgement and chifly when it is vniuersall the Patient findes himselfe thereby eased strengthened And if it happen not in the same day be not vniuersall it is no good signe For the mortall Sweat is particular cold as in the forehead in the head or face only and this in the burning Feuer and other Maladies declareth continuance of the Maladie ¶ To presage of the Right side and Left WHen the Patient feeles not any dolour tumor hardnesse or Inflammation vpon the Ribbes it is a very good signe and when the one side is as soft as the other without dolour But if there be dolour tumor hardnesse or Inflammation on both sides or on the one more then the other it is an euill signe For if he feele great motion or pulsacion in one of the
sides one may prognosticate great distresse and dolour or alienation and confusion of Reason If with this pulsation the eyes be very moueable the Patient is in danger of Frensie and to be franticke or to destroy himselfe ¶ To presage by signes of Apostumes vnder the sides THe Collection of Apostume in a burning Maladie vnder both the sides with tumor and dolour is more dangerous then vnder one of the sides onely and chiefly lesse dangerous vnder the left side then vnder the right and if the Patient die not in the first daies and if it continue xx daies and the feuer cease not nor the Apostume diminish it is a signe that it shall come to maturation and if it happen on the seauenth daie with the flux of blood at the nose it easeth well which the Medicine Chirurgian may prognosticate when the Patient saith that he hath paine in the head or forehead and that his eies are dimme or obscure chiefly when the Patient doe not exceed 30 or 35 yeeres of age And when the collection or Apostume is soft and without dolour and moueth or varieth when it is handled it requireth longer time to be cured then the precedent but it is not so dangerous And if it continue 60 daies and the Feuer cease not neither the tumor diminish it shall come to maturation and purgation you shall prognosticate so much of Apostumes in the belly the Apostume then being hard great and with dolour is dangerous mortall The soft without dolour and volable from one place to another is of longer continuance but without comparison lesse dangerous ¶ To presage of Apostumes in the bottome of the Belly THe Apostumes of the Belly doe neuer become so great as those that breed vnder the Midriffe and yet they are lesse which engender vnder the Nauill and most commonly they come to suppuration or putrefaction It is a good signe wheÌ„ they purge by flux of blood at the Nostrels from the parte of the Apostume also all such Apostumes by laps of time and in the end may come to putrefaction and purgaâ—ion by maner as followeth It is then conuenient to consider that the forenamed Collections or Apostumes come by diuers meanes to putrefaction or purgation for some purge altogether outwardly and are little round and sharpe or pointed they are most healthfull and feast mortall The sarge grosse and flat spatious and not round nor sharpe are dangerous and those which breake and purge within the belly although they make some tumors outwardly are more pernicious dangerous then those which make no imminence outwardly and which haue not the skinne discoloured ¶ To presage what the matter ought to be that issueth out of Apostumes THe Corruption and matter which commeth out of Apostumes altogether white and not vnsauorie is good and healthfull that which is otherwise howe much the more it deflects from white so much the more is vitious and bad The end of the first Booke The second Booke of the Presages of Hyppocrates and first of Hidropsie ALl manner of Hydropsie with the hot feuer is dangerous and mortall For the Patient is molested and afflicted by any vehement feuer and grieuous dolour and therefore dieth This Maladie often proceedeth of the Hepatick passion which is the Maladie of the Liuer It hapneth also by passions in the Guts Intestines and Entrals Meseraick raynes or melt inferiour parts That which comes by the Entrals or Meseraick and inferiour parts is knowne by Inflation in the feet and by long and continuall flux of the body albeit the dolor of the belly is not mitigated nor appeased nor the belly diminished nor growen lesse That which proceeds of the Liuer is known by the signes following viz the Patient hath a drie cough and spitteth almost nothing and his belly is hard bound in such sort that there cometh nothing from it but with great paine and trauell also his feet are swollen Moreouer there are tumors and inflations sometime on the right side sometime on the left then they depart and dissipate that is they goe and retourne ¶ To presage of the signes of Life and Death in hot Feuers WHen the Patient is cold in the head hands and feete and that the sides and belly are burning vehement hot it is a signe of an euill and dangerous Malady But when the sicke person doth easily turne himselfe from one side to another without trouble also when all the body is equally hot and sauourie it is a signe of salubritie On the contrarie side when all the members are heauy as the armes legges and all the body it is to be feared And if the Nailes be therewith liuide or leaden one may prognosticate Death approaching But if the Nailes fingers and feet be altogether black it is not so dangerous a signe especially when any other good signe doth appeare as if the Patient feele no great dolour and beareth it strongly and endureth his sicknes without anguish albeit that which is black will fall away and the dimme will be euacuated by Apostume ¶ To presage by signes taken from the Geneters and Yarde VVHen the Genitors and Yarde are shronke in and apparently diminished against nature it is a signe of great dolour and present death ¶ To presage by Sleeping and Dreaming AS for sleeping and slumbring the one is naturall and healthfull and the other vnnaturall and vitious The naturall rest is taken in the night and waking in the day And although it is not altogether wholesome to sleepe froÌ„ the breake of the day to 8 or 9 of the clocke at morning yet notwithstanding it is more profitable then to sleepe in the rest of the day But if one neither sleepe by night nor day it is dangerous and a signe of great dolour of folly of alienation of sences reason and vnderstanding present or future ¶ To presage by purging of the belly or fecall excrements AS for easing of the Belly and euacuating of superfluities and excrements it is best when the sicke person follow the custome in Maladies which they did in health and especially according to qualitie and quantitie of his diet For how much the more it is dissonant and different it is so much the worse The naturall egestion ought not to be too liquide or adust but indifferently proportioned compounded in colour to the meates and that the Patient goe to stoole without paine or dolour And if the matter be liquide it is not altogether to be disliked when it comes without ventositie or violence not often in a short time For so it would make the person weake debile froward and in danger of swoonding and death It is also to be allowed about the end of the Maladie that the egestion excrementall matter become thicke and not too dry and of a good colour as drawing neere to red or browne and be not very vnsauorie Also if there come foorth wormes about the end of the sicknes with the excrements it is