al hoate diseases impostumes that require cooling drying This is also an excellent fodder for Oxen and kine and for the same purpose it was vsed to be sowen of the Auncient Romynes in olde time Of the right Trefoyle / or Treacle Clauer Chap. xli †The Description AMongst al the sortes of Trefoyles the same here is the largest in leaues that we haue yet seene it hath great round stalkes of a foote a halfe or two foote long ful of branches vpō the which there grow alwaies three leaues togither vpon one footestalke or stemme of a blackish colour and muche greater then the leaues of the common Trefoyl The flowers grow from the sydes of the stalkes vpon long stemmes thicke tufting and clustering togither almost like the flowers of Scabiouse of a deepe blew or skye colour The seede is broade and rough or a litle hearie and sharpe at the ende The roote is smal and slender †The Place The Herboristes of this Countrie do also sowe this kinde of Trefoyl in their gardens †The Tyme This Trefoyl flowreth in this Countrie in August ¶ The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium Trifolium odoratum at this time they cal it Trifolium foetidum Trifolium bituminosum in Frenche Vray Treste and Treste puant in base Almaigne Groote Claueren in Englishe The right Trefoyl stinking Trefoyl Smelling Clauer Treacle Clauer Clauer gentle and Pitche Trefoyl And this is that Oxytriphyllon of the which Scribonius Largus hath written †The Nature This Trefoyl is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The leaues and flowers or seede of this Trefoyl dronken in water is good for the payne of the syde the strangurie the falling sicknesse the dropsie and for women that are sicke of the mother or stuffing of the matrix for taken in suche sort it prouoketh vrine and the menstrual termes or flowers Trifolium The same leaues taken in the syrupe Oximel helpeth against the bitinges of venemous beastes The decoction of this Trefoyl with his rootes is very good for the same if the bitinges and stinginges of suche hurtful beastes be washed therewithall Moreouer they do with great profite mingle the said leaues or rootes with Treacles and Mithridates and suche lyke preseruatiue medicines whiche are vsed to be made agaynst poyson Also they say that three leaues of this Trefoyl dronke a litle before the comming of the fit of the feuer tertian with wine do cure the same foure leaues so taken do helpe agaynst the Quartayne Of Hares foote / or rough Clauer Chap. xlij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hares foote the great the smal but in leaues and figure one is lyke to the other †The Description HAres foote hath a round stalke rough the leaues are very like the leaues of Trefoyl or Trinitie grasse The flowers grow at the top of the stalkes in a rough spikie knap or eare very like to Hares foote The roote is small and harde †The Place Hares foote especially the lesser is very common throughout all the feeldes of this Countrie †The Tyme Hares foote is most commonly in flower in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lagopus of some Leporis Cuminum now Pes Leporis and Trifolium humile that is to say in english Hares foote Rough Clauer base Trefoyl in French Pied de Lieure and Treste bas in high Douche Hasenfusz Katzenklee Katzle in base Almaigne Hasen pootkens Hasen voetkens ¶ The Nature Hares foote is drie in the third degree and indifferent colde †The Vertues Hares foote boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth the laske and the bloody flixe Lagopus Of wood Sorrel / or Sorrel de boys Chap. xliij †The Description VOode Sorrel is a lowe or base herbe without stalkes the leaues do growe from the roote vpō short stemmes and at their first comming foorth are folden togither but afterwarde they spread abroade and are of a faire greene colour and fashioned almost like the Trefoyl sauing that eche leafe hath a deepe clift in the middle Amongst the leaues there growe also vppon shorte stemmes comming from the roote little smal flowers almost made like litle belles of a white colour with purple veynes all alongst sometimes of a yellowishe colour when they be fallen there rise vp in their places sharpe huskes or cuppes full of yellowishe seede The roote is browne somewhat red and long Of this is founde yet another kind the which beareth yellow flowers and afterwarde small coddes †The Place This herbe groweth in this Countrie in shadowie wooddes vpon the rootes of great olde trees sometimes also vpon the brinkes and borders of ditches †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Aprill and at the beginning of May. Oxys †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxys in Shoppes Alleluya of some Trifolium acetosum and Panis Cuculi Alimonia in French Pain de Cocu in high Douche Saurerklee Buchklee Buchamffers Buchbrot Gauchklee and Gauchgauchklee in base Almaigne Coeckoecks broot in English Wood-sorel Sorel du bois Alleluya Cockowes meate Sower Trifoly Stubwurt and Woodsower ¶ The Nature This herbe is colde and drie lyke Sorrell †The Vertues Sorel du bois is good for them that haue sicke feeble stomackes for it drieth and strengthneth the stomacke and stirreth vp appetite It is good for corrupt sores and stinking mouthes if one washe with the decoction thereof Of Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Kindes A Man shal finde many sortes of grasse one lyke another in stemme and leaues but not in the knoppes or eares for one hath an eare like Barley the other lyke Millet another like Panick another lyke Iuray and such vnprofitable weedes that growe amongst corne Some haue rough prickley eares and some are soft and gentle others are rough mossie lyke fine downe or cotton so that there are many sortes and kindes of grasse whereof we will make no larger discourse but of suche kindes onely as haue bene vsed of the Auncient Physitions and are particularly named Agrostis and Gramen †The Description THE grasse whereof we shall nowe speake hath long rough leaues almost lyke the Cane or Pole reede but a great deale lesser yet muche greater broder then the leaues of that grasse which groweth cōmonly in medowes The helme or stemmes are small a foote or two long with fiue or sixe ioyntes at the vppermost of the stalkes there grow soft gentle eares almost like the bushy eares of the Cane or Pole reede but smaller and slenderer The roote is long and white full of ioyntes creeping hither thither platted or wrapped one with another putting forth new springs in sundry places by the meanes hereof it doth multiplie and increase exceedinly in leaues and stalkes †The Place This grasse groweth not in medowes lowe places
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Abrotonum in Italion and Spanish Abrotano yet some of them call it Hyerua Lombriguera in high Douch Stabwurtz Gertwurtz Garthagen Shoswurtz Kuttelkraut Affrusch in base Almaigne Aueroone in French Auronne The great Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum foemina that is to say female Southrenwood in french Auronne femelle in high douch Stabwurtz weiblin in base Almaigne Aueroone wijfkē The small Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum mas in French Aronne masle in high Douch Stabwurtz menelin in base Almaigne Aueroone manneken and clein Aueroone The thirde kinde seemeth to be that whiche Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum Siculum which is a kinde of female Southrenwood the highe Almaignes do call it Wolrieckende Stabwurtz that is to say sweete smelling or sauering Southrenwood ⧠The Nature All the Sothrenwoods are hoate dry in the third degree of subtill parts †The Vertues The seede of Sothrenwood either greene or drie made into pouder or boyled in water or wine dronken is very good and greatly helpeth suche as are troubled with shortnesse of winde and fetching of breath by meanes of any obstruction or stopping about the Breast and is good against the hardnesse bursting shrinking of Sinewes It is good against the Sciatica the difficultie and stopping of vrine and for women that cannot easily haue their termes or natural floures for by his subtill nature it hath power to expell waste cōsume and digest all colde moysture and tough slime and fleume stopping the splene kidneys bladder and Matrix Sothrenwood dronken in wine is good against such venome as is hurtfull vnto man and destroyeth wormes The perfume thereof driueth away all venemouse beastes and so doth the hearbe in all places whereas it is layde or strowen The asshes of Sothrenwood mingled with the oyles of Palma Christi rapes or old oyle Oliue restoreth the heare fallen from the head if the head be rubbed therewithall twise a day in the Sunne or against a fyre If the saide asshes be mingled with any the aforesaide oyles the chinne be rubbed therewithall it causeth the bearde to come forth speedely Sothrenwood pounde with a rosted Quince laide to the eyes in manner of a plaister is very good profitable against all the inflammation of the eyes The same pounde with Barley meale and boyled togither dothe dissolue waste all colde humours or swellings being applied or layde therevpon Sothrenwood stieped or soked in oyle is profitable to rubbe or annoint the body against the benomming of members taken with colde and the brusing or shyuering coldes that come by fittes like as in Agues Plinie writeth that if it be layde vnder the bedde pillow or bolster it prouoketh carnall copulation resisteth all enchantments which may let or hinder such businesse the inticements to the same †The Daunger Sothrenwood is a very hurtfull enimie to the stomacke wherefore Galen the chiefest of Physitions neuer gaue the same to be receiued into the body Of Wormwood Chap. ij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Wormwood as Dioscorides saithe The first is our cōmon Wormwood The second is sea Wormwood the thirde kinde is that which is called Santonicum And bysides these there is founde an other kinde which is called in this countrey Romaine wormwood Absynthium Latifolium Common Wormwood Seriphium Sea Wormwood †The Description THe cōmon Wormwood hath leaues of a grayishe asshe colour very much cut iagged very bitter The stalke is of a wooddy substance of two cubites high or more full of braunches alongst the braunches groweth litle yellow buttons wherin when they are ripe ready to fall is found small seede like to the seede of garden Tansie but farre smaller The roote is likewise of a wooddy substance and full of small threedes or hearie rootes There is also founde in the gardens of some Herboristes of this countrey an other forte of this kinde of Wormwood the whiche is named of some men Absynthiū Ponticum much like to our cōmon wormwood sauing the leaues are much more iagged and finelier cut and not so bitter at the least way as that whiche is set and sowen in this countrey The second kinde whiche is the Sea Wormwood is also of a whitishe or gray colour and hath many whitish leaues much like to cōmon Wormwood but much smaller tenderer and whiter finelier cut it hath many floures like to small buttons the seede ioyning to the braunches like as in the common Wormwood It groweth to the heigth of a foote and halfe or more it is of a strong smell salt of a straunge bitter taste being gathered in his naturall proper place but being remoued into gardens or into groundes which are naturally holpē with sweete waters it doth maruelously alter both in sauour nature as diuers other herbes but especially such as grow in salt groundes are remoued frō their naturall soyle to some other place of a cōtrary kinde The thirde kinde of Wormwood called Santonicum is almost like to Sea Wormwood in his small tender and iagged leaues but the colour of this is whiter and the smell thereof is not so ranke WOrmwood Romayne is like the Wormwood aforesaide sauing that it is lower and smaller the leaues be also smaller and finer and not so white as the cōmon Wormewood but chaunging more towardes greene yet they turne somwhat grayish and ashe coloured It putteth forth yellow buttons the whiche afterwarde do bring forth both floures seede The roote is full of hearie threedes trayling here and there and putting foorth on euery side much encrease of new springs The fifth kinde of Wormwood is like vnto Sea Wormwood in his smal and tender leaues also it is like in the stalke of floures but it is of a sadde or deeper colour and it hath neyther bitter taste nor sauour The sixth kinde of Wormwood his leaues be long and narrow and of a whitish colour muche like the leaues of Lauender and somwhat like it also in sauour The stalkes also be of wooddishe substance in the toppes whereof there groweth both floures and seede like as in the reste of the Wormwoodes but smaller Absynthiū Pōticum Galeni Wormwood gentle / or Romayne †The Place The common Wormwood groweth naturally in stony places and rough mountaynes in dry rude vntoyled places There is plentie of it in many places of this countrey Sea wormwood groweth in salte ground and in places adioyning to the Sea It groweth plentifully in Zeland and Flaunders alongst the sea coast and in some places of Brabant as about Barowgh The third kind groweth in some places of Zwiserland vnder the hilles or at the foote of mountaines as Conrade Gesner that famous Clerke writeth Wormwood Romayne groweth plentifully in Hungarie places neare about Constantinople in some places of Almaigne
fifth is the wilde Buglosse or Sheepes tongue Lycopsis Garden Buglosse Anthusae genus Alkanet †The Description THe first kinde called of vs great Buglosse of the garden hath lōg rough swartegreene hearie sharpe leaues almost like to the leaues of Lettice but longer sharper at the ende The stem is rough and pricking of two or three foote high wherevpon groweth many proper littell floures eche one parted into fiue small leaues like to littell wheeles of a fayre purple colour at the first but afterwardes azure Whan they are fallen ye may see in the rough huskes three or foure long gray seedes full of riftes and wrinckles The roote is long and single and blackish in the outside The lesser Buglosses in their rough and hearie leaues and stalkes and also in their rootes are like to the aforesaide sauing they be lesse for their stalkes be shorter their leaues smaller and narrower their littell floures are in proportion like to the others sauing they be smaller and one is of a cleere blew or skie colour and other is of a browne violet or a blew like to a Cyanus the third is yellow and in proportion long and hollow The seede also is like the other sauing it is smaller and blacker The rootes of the Buglosses and especially of the firste kinde of the lesser Buglosses are of a diepe redde colour and are vsed to die and colour things withall The wilde kinde of Buglosse is like to the small Buglosses specially like to the second kinde sauing the leaues be rougher smaller and narrower The floures also be like the aforesaide sauing they be a great deale smaller blew The seede is small and browne The roote long and slender †The Place The great garden Buglosse groweth in some places of his owne accord as in the countrie of Lorraine aboute Nancie in fertile and chāpion places amongst the corne It groweth not wilde in this countrey but onely in gardens The smaller Buglosses grow in Italie Spayne and Fraunce and in diuers other countreys or regions and that which beareth blewe violet floures groweth also in some places of Germanie but they be not very cōmon in Flaunders neither are they to be seene or founde but in certaine mens gardens The wilde groweth in moste places of this countrie in barren soyle and grauelly grounde †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August and forthwith they deliuer their seede †The Names The three herbes are called in shoppes all by one name that is to say Buglossa or Lingua bouis in French Buglosse or Langue de buef in high Douch Ochsenzung in base Almaigne Buglosse and Ossentonghe in English Buglosse and Oxetongue Albeit it is not the true Buglosse for that is our common Borage wherof we shall write in his proper place Wherevnto agreeth Leonicenus Manardus and diuers other learned men of our time Lycopsis Syluestris Wilde Buglosse The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycopsis in the shoppes of this countrey Buglossa Buglossa domestica maior that is to say the great garden Buglosse of some it is called Buglossus Longifolia Peraduenture it is that kinde of Anchusae which Paulus Aeginetus calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Choerospelethon The smal Buglosses are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusae The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anchusa onoclea in French Orchanetie in English Alkanet or Orchanet The other is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusa Alcibiadium Onocheles This should be the second kinde of Anchusa or Orchanette in English Alkanet The fifth kinde is wilde and may be called Lycopus Syluestris the Apothecaries call it Buglossa Syluestris The French men cal it Buglosse or Langue de buef Sauu age The base Almaignes Wilde Ossentonghe some call it Scaepstonghe that is to say Sheepes tongue and it may be Pseudanchusa Plinij †The Nature The great garden Buglosse but specially his roote is of temperature somwhat colde and drie but in degree not farre of from the meane temperature The others are of the like complexion but somewhat hoater †The Vertues The roote of great Buglosse pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe is good to belayde too against scalding or burning with fyre against woundes and old sores With tine wheate meale it cureth the disease called the wilde fyre and of some saint Authonies fyre And layde too with vinegre it healeth fretting sores foule scuruines and hoate itchings The small Buglosses haue greate vertue against all the venim of sauage and wilde beastes and specially against the poyson of Serpents and Vipers howsoeuer it be taken whether in meate or drinke or whether it be caried about you The roote of the wilde Buglosse dronken with Hisope and Cresses doth kill and driue out all flat wormes engendred in the bodie of man The Physitions of our tyme do affirme that these herbes but especially the greatest do comforte and swage the heauinesse of the harte driuing away all pensiuenesse especially the garden Buglosse and that the floures stieped in wine or made into a Conserue causeth such to reioyce and be gladde as were before heauie and sadde full of anger and melancholique heauinesse Of Echium or Tipers Buglosse Chap. iiij †The Description EChium hath long rough and hearie leaues much like to the leaues of Buglosse but smaller than the leaues of the first Buglosse The stalke is rough full of littell braunches charged on euery side with diuerse small narrow leaues sharp pointed and of a browne greene colour scattered or spredde like littell feathers and very small towardes the height or toppe of the stalke betwixt whiche leaues are the floures of a sadde blew or purple colour at the first but whan they do open they shew a fayre Azure colour long and hollow with foure or fiue littell small blewe threedes nothing answering the floures of the other Buglosses but onely in the colour After that the floure is fallen the seede is blacke and small like to the head of an Adder or Viper The roote is long and straight and redde without Of this sorte there is an other kinde whose leaues stalkes rootes and floures are very like vnto the foresaide but his floures are of a light redde or purple colour †The Place It delighteth in fruitefull places and fertile soyle as aboute Brussels and Louayne and diuers other places of Brabant But that which beareth purple or light tedde floures groweth in Fraunce especially about Montepelier †The Tyme It floureth almoste all the Somer long oftentimes or at sundry seasons it bringeth forth seede as the other Buglosses †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Echium Alcibiacum Apuleius calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke Viperina and Serpentaria in Latine in Spanishe Yerua della biuora in French l'Herbe aux Vipers and l'Herbe aux Serpens in
base Almaigne Slanghencruye it is called in English wilde Buglosse the lesser it may be also called Vipers herbe or Vipers Buglosse ⧠Theoccasion of the name Alcibiacum This herbe was called Alcibiacum Alcibiadion of one Alcibiades the first finder out of the vertues of this herbe apresent remedie against the bitings of Serpēts Foras the aūcient Nicander writeth Alcibiades being asleepe was hurtwith a Serpent wherefore whan he awoke and saw this hearbe he tooke of it unto his mouth and chewed it swalowing downe the iuyce thereof after that he layed the herbe being so chewed vpon the sore and was healed Others name it Echion Echidnion Viperina c. Whiche is asmuch to say as Vipers herbe which names haue bene giuen to this plante bycause it is very good against the bitings of Serpents and Vipers and bycause also his seede is like the head of an Adder or Viper Echion siue Alcibiacum †The Nature It is of the same nature that Buglosse is of but that it is somwhat hoater and more subtile †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and dronke doth not onely helpe such as are hurt by Serpents but also after that a man hath taken it in manner aforesaide it will preserue him from being so hurte The like vertue hath the leaues seede It swageth the payne of the raynes or loynes Also being dronken with wine or otherwise it causeth plenty of milke in womens breastes Of Dogges tunge Chap. v. †The Description THe common Houndes tongue hath a harde rough browne stalke of two or three foote high the leaues be long much like the leaues of the great garden Buglosse but narower smaller and not rough but hauing a certaine fine horenesse vpon thē like veluet At the toppe of the braunches it beareth many floures of a darke purple colour The seede is flat and rough three or foure together like to a trueloue or foure leaued grasse the whiche do cleaue faste vnto garments whan they are ripe like vnto Aegrimonie and other rough seedes The roote is long thicke blacke withoutside †The Place It groweth almoste euery where in waste and vntilled places but specially in sandie coūtreys about pathes and high wayes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cynoglossum Cynoglossa and Lingua canis whereof also the Italians call it Lingua de Cane the Spaniardes call it Lengua de perro in English Dogs tunge or Houndes tongue in Freuch Langue de chien in high Douch Hundszung in base Almaigne Houdtstonghe This is that second kinde of Cynoglossa whereof Plinie wrote in the eight chapter of the .xxv. Booke it should seeme also to be a kinde of Isatis syluestris whiche a man shall finde described in some examples of Dioscorides in the Chapter Isatis And of Aëtius in his .x. booke and .viij. Chapter Limonium Cynogloss os altera Plinij †The Nature Houndes tougue but specially his roote is colde and dry yea colder than the great garding Buglosse †The Vertues The roote of Houndes tongue is very good to heale woundes and it is with good successe layde to the disease called the wilde fyre whan it is pounde with Barley meale The water or wine wherein it hath bene boyled cureth old sores woundes and hoate inflammations and it is excellent against the Vlcers grieuances of the mouth For the same purpose they make an oyntment as followeth Firste they boyle the iuyce thereof with hony of Roses than whan it is well boyled they mingle Turpentine with it sturring it harde vntill all be well incorporate togither than they applie it to woundes The roote rosted in hoate imbers and layde to the fundament healeth the inwarde Hemerrhoydes Of Gorage Chap. vi †The Description BOrage hath rough prickely leaues broade large of a swart greene colour at the first comming vp bending or rather spreading themselues abroade flatte vpon the ground in proportion like to an Oxe tongue The sralke is rough and rude of the heigth of a foote half parting it selfe at the toppe into diuers small braunches bearing fayre pleasant floures in fashion like Starres of colour blew or Azure and sometimes white The seede is blacke and there is founde twoo or three togither in euery huske like as in the common Buglosse but it is smaller and blacker then Buglosse seede There is also an other kinde of Borage which indureth the winter like to the cōmon Buglosse and is like to the aforesaide Borage in proportion sent sauour and vertues but his floures be very small and like to the common Buglosse floures but smaller †The Place It groweth in all gardens and in sandie champion countreys †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and continueth flouring all the Somer †The Names The auncient Fathers called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua bubula Libanium or Lingua bouis that is to say Langue de beuf ou vache in English Oxe tongue Plinie calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bycause it maketh men gladde and merie the Apothecaries name it Borago and accordingly it is called in Italion Borragine in Spanish Borraia Borraienes in English Borage in Frēch Bourroche or Bourrache in Highdouche Burretsch in base Almaigne Bernagie or Bornagie Buglossum verum †The Nature It is hoate and moyste †The Vertues Ye may finde this written of Borage that if the leaues or floures of Borage be put in wine and that wine dronken it wil cause men to be gladde and mery and driueth away all heauy sadnesse and dull Melancholie Borage boyled with honied water is very good against the roughnesse or hoarsenesse of the throte Dioscorides writeth that he hath heard say that if one pound Borage that hath but onely three braunches togither with his roote and seede and afterward a man giue the same to drinke to him that hath a Tertian ague cureth the same Also that of foure branches prepared after the same manner is good to be giuen to drinke against the feuer Quartayne Of Anthyllis Chap. vij †The Kindes ANthyllis as saith Dioscorides is of two sortes Whereof one may be called great Anthyllis and the other small Anthyllis Anthyllis prior Great Anthyllis Anthyllis altera Kali species Small Anthyllis †The Description 1 THe first Anthyllis in his stalke leaues is not much vnlike vnto Lentill sauing that it is whiter softer and sinaller The stalke is of a foote high white and softe with leaues spred broade white and softe also but smaller thicker then Lentill leaues the floures clustering togither at the toppe of the stalke of a yellow or pale colour The seede is in small huskes The roote is small and of wooddy substance The second is not much vnlike Chamaepythis It hath fiue or six small braūches or more creping or trayling alongst the ground thicke set with little small narrow
growe about hedges and olde walles and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muralium Perdicium and Vrceolaris and of some Parietaria Muralis Perdicalis in Shoppes Paritaria in Italian Lauirreola in Spanish Yerua del muro Alfahaquilla del muro Alfahaquilla de culebra in English Parietary Pellitory of the Wall in high Douch Tag vnd nacht S. Peters kraut Glaszkraut Maurkraut in base Almaigne Parietarie and Glascruyt †The Nature Parietarie is somewhat colde moyst drawing nere to a meane tēperature †The Vertues Parietorie is singuler against cholerike inflammations the disease called Ignis sacer S. Anthonies fyre spreading and running sores burnings and all hoate vlcers being stamped and layde therevpon An oyntment made with the iuyce of this herbe and Ceruse is very good against all hoate vlcers spreading and consuming sores hoate burning scuruy and spreading scabbes and such like impediments The same iuyce mēgled with Deare sewet is good to annoynt the feete against that kinde of goute which they call Podagra The same iuyce mengled with oyle of Roses and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The decoction or brothe of Parietorie dronken helpeth suche as are vexed with an olde Cough the grauell and stone and is good against the difficultie and stopping of vrine and that not onely taken inwardly but also layde to outwardly vpon the region of the Bladder in maner of a fomentatiō or a warme bathe Of Chickeweede Chap. xxxv †The Kindes ALthough Dioscorides and Plinie haue written but of one kinde of Alsine or Chickeweede neuerthelesse a man may finde in most places of this countrey diuers sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Alsine or Chickeweede ouer and bysides that whiche is found in salt groundes whereof the first and right Alsine is that whiche Dioscorides and the Auncients haue described †The Description THe great Chickeweede hath sundry vpright rounde and knobby stalkes The leaues growe at euery ioynt or knotte of the stalke alwayes twoo togither one directly standing agaynst an other meetely large sometimes almost of the breadth of twoo fingers not much vnlike Parietory leaues but longer and lesse hearie about the toppe of the braunches amongst the leaues groweth small stemmes with littell knoppes the whiche chaunge into small white floures diepely cutt and snipte after the floures yee shall perceyue huskes or Coddes somewhat long and rounde wherein lieth the seede The whole herbe dothe not differ much from Parietory for his stemmes also be through shyning and somewhat redde about the ioyntes and the leaues be almost of the same quantitie so that Dioscorides sayth that this herbe should be Parietory but that it is smaller and baser or lower and that the leaues be longer and not so hearie Alsine maior Great Chickeweede Alsines secundum genus The second Chickeweede The second is like to the great Chickeweede sauing that it is smaller and groweth not vpright but lieth and spreadeth vpon the ground The leaues are much smaller growing twoo and twoo togither at euery ioynt The floures huskes and seede is like the great Chickeweede The roote hath many small hearie threddes The thirde and smallest Chickeweede is not much vnlike the second but a great deale smaller in all respectes in so much that his stemmes be like vnto small threddes and his leaues no bigger then Tyme otherwayes it is lyke to the second The fourth kinde called of the base Almaignes Hoenderbeet that is to say Henbit hath many rounde hearie stemmes The leaues be somewhat round hearie a little snipt or iagged about the edges otherwise not much vnlike the leaues of great Chickeweede The floures be blew or purple do bring forth small close knappes or huskes in which is inclosed the seede The fifth kinde is like to the aforesayd in his hearie stemmes his leaues be longer narrower and iagged rounde about the floures of a cleare blew the seede is in broade huskes as the seede of Veronica or Paules Betony Alsines tertium genus The third Chickeweede Alsines quartum genum The fourth Cchickeweede Alsines quintum genus The fifth Chickeweede There is yet a sixte kynde of Chickeweede which groweth onely in Salte ground like to the others in leaues and knotty stemmes but chiefly like to the second kinde sauing that his stemmes are thicker shorter and the knots or ioyntes stande nearer one to an other The leaues are thicker the huskes be not long but flat rounde and somewhat squate or cornered like a great hasting or gardē pease euery huske hauing three or foure browne seedes almost of the quantitie of a vetche †The Place The great Chickeweede groweth in moyst shadowy places in hedges busshes amongst other herbes in such like places ye shall finde the rest but the sixth groweth not except onely in salte groundes by the sea side †The Tyme These herbes do most cōmonly floure about Midsomer †The Names The great Chickeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alsine and of some late writers Hippia maior in Italian Panarina and Centone vnknowen to the Apothecaries The second third are called of the Apothecaries Morsus gallinae Hippia minor in English Middle Chickeweede in high Douch Vogelkraut and Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Vogelcruyt Hoenderbeet and cleynen Muer The fourth also is called of some Morsus gallinae in high Douch Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Hoenderbeet it may also be called in French Morgeline Bastarde The fifth is called of the high Almaignes Huners erb of the base Almaines Hoender erue that is to say the Hennes right or Hennes inheritance it is also called in French Moron Bastard Moron violet and Oeil de Chat. The sixth whiche groweth in salte groundes wee may call Alsine marina that is to say Sea Chickeweede †The Nature Chickeweede is colde and moyst in substance much lyke Parietorie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The great Chickeweede pounde and layde to the eyes or the iuyce thereof straked vpon the eyes is good against inflammations and the hoate vlcers of the eyes The same vsed in manner aforesayde and layde to the place is good against all hoate vlcers that be harde to cure but especially those aboute the pryuie partes The small Chickeweede and specially the second kinde boyled in water and salte is a soueraigne remedie against the scuruy heate and itche of the handes if they be often wasshed or bathed in the same Sea Chickeweede serueth to no knowen vse Of Mouse eare Chap. xxxvi †The Description MOuse eare as Dioscorides saith hath many small and slender stemmes somewhat redde bylow about the whiche groweth leaues alwayes two togither standing one directly against an other they are small blackishe and somewhat long and sharpe poynted almost like to the eare of a Mouse or Ratte betwixte the leaues there groweth forth small braunches wherevpon are
slender stalkes creeping by the grounde vpon euery side whereof groweth small rounde leaues and somewhat large almost like to a pēny The floures be yellow almost lyke to gold cuppes The roote is smal and tender †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medows about ditches watercourses in Copses that stand lowe †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in May and continueth flouring all the Somer Nummularia †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Nūmularia Centummorbia of some Serpentaria and also Lunaria grassula in English Herbe two pence two penny grasse and Monyworte in Frēch Herbe à cent maladies in high Douch Pfenningkraut Egelkraut clein Naterkraut in base Almaigne Pēninckruyt Eghelcruyt †The Nature Two penny grasse is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The later wryters do say that if this herbe be boyled in wyne and dronken with Hony that it healeth and cureth the woundes and hurtes of the Lunges that it is good against the Cough but specially against the dāgerous Cough in yong children to be taken as is afore sayde Wilde Flaxe / or Tode Flaxe Chap. liiij Linaria Osyris †The Description STanworte wilde flaxe or Tode flax hath small slender blackish stalkes out of which groweth many leaues togither long and narrow much like to the leaues of Lyn. The floures be yellow large close before like to a frogges mouth and narrow behinde croked like to Larkes spurre or Larkes clawe The seede is large and blacke conteyned in small rounde huskes the whiche commeth forth after the falling of of the floure There is an other kinde of this herbe the which is not common and it beareth fayre blewe floures in all other things lyke to the other sauing that his stalkes floures and leaues are smaller and tenderer but yet it groweth vp to a higher stature To these kindes of wilde Flaxe or Linarie it were not amisse to ioyne that herbe which is called in Italy Beluedere This plante hath diuers small shutes or scourges bearing small narrow leaues almost like to the leaues of Flaxe the fluores be small and of a grasse colour and do grow at the toppe of the stalkes †The Place They grow wilde in vntilled places about hedges the borders of fieldes Osyris groweth in many places of Italy and Lombardie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names This herb is called in Shoppes Linaria and of some Pseudolinum and Vrinalis in English Tode flaxe and wilde flaxe in French Linaire or Lin sauuage in high Douch Lynkraut Flaschkraut Harnkraut vnser frawen Flasch wild Flasch krotten flasch in base Almaigne Wildt vlas The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Osyris but in this our age it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as we haue sayde it is called in Italy Beluedere in English Stanneworte †The Nature Stanworte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Osyris or Tode flaxe dronken openeth the old cold stoppings of the Liuer Milte is singuler good for such as haue the Iaunders without Feuers especially whan the Iaunders is of long continuance The same doth also prouoke vrine and is a singuler medicine for suche as can not pisse but droppe after droppe and against the stoppings of the kidneys and Bladder Of Shepherds purse Chap. lv †The Description BVrsa Pastoris hath round tough and pliable braunches of a foote long with long leaues depely cut or iagged like the leaues of Seneuy but much smaller The floures are white grow alongst by the stalkes in place whereof whan they are gone there riseth small flatte Coddes or triangled pouches wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long white and single †The Place Sheepeherds pouche groweth in streates and wayes in rough stonie and vntilled places †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly Pastoria bursa †The Names This herbe hath neither Greeke nor Latine name giuen to him of the Ancient writers but the later writers haue called it in Latine Pastoria bursa Pera Bursa pastoris in English Shepherds purse Scrippe or Pouche and of some Casseweede in Frēch Labouret or Bourse de bergers in high Douch Desthelkraut and Hirten sechel in base Almaigne Teskens or Borsekens cruyt †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Shepherdes purse dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe the spitting and pissing of bloud womens termes and all other fluxe of bloud howsoeuer it be taken for whiche it is so excellent that some write of it saying that it will stanche bloud if it be but only holden in the hande or carried about the body Of Cinquefoyle / or Fiue fingar grasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are foure sortes of Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle two kindes therof beareth yellow floures wherof the one is great the other smal The third kinde beareth white floures and the fourth kinde redde floures all are like one an other in leaues and fasshion Pentaphyllon luteum maius Yellow Cinquefoyle the greater Pentaphyllon luteum minus Yellow Cinquefoyle the lesser †The Description THe great yellow Cinquefoyle hath rounde tender stalkes creeping by the ground and running abroade like the stalkes or branches of wilde Tansie and taking holde in diuers places of the ground vpon whiche slender branches groweth long leaues snipt or dented round about the edges alwaies fiue growing togither vpon a stem or at the ende of a stem The floures be yellow and parted into fiue leaues The which whan they are vanisshed do turne into smal round and harde bearies like Strawberies in which groweth the seede The roote is blackish long and slender The small yellow Cinquefoyle is much like the other in his leaues creeping vpon the ground also in his stalkes floures and seede sauing that it is a greate deale smaller and doth not lightly take holdfast cleaue to the ground as the other doth The leaues are smaller then the others and of a whitish colour vnderneth next to the grounde Pentaphyllon album White Cinquefoyle Pentaphyllon Rubrum Redde Cinquefoyle The white Cinquefoyle is like the great yellow Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches creeping by the grounde and in his leaues diuided into fiue partes but that his stalkes or branches be rough The leaues be long and not snipt or dented rounde about but before onely The floures be white and the roote is not single but hath diuers other small rootes hanging by The redde Cinquefoyle also is somewhat like to the others especially like the great yellow kinde The leaues be also parted in fiue leaues and nicte or snipte round about the whiche are whitish vnderneth and of aswarte greene colour aboue The stalke is of a spanne or foote long of colour browne or reddishe with certayne ioyntes or knots but not hearie
Plantayne in high Douch Mittel and breyter Wegrich in basé Almaigne Breet wechbree The thirde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Quinqueneruia otherwise it is now called in Latine Lanceolata and Lanceola in English Ribbeworte in French Petit Plantain Lanceole and Lanceolette in high Douch Spitzer wegrich in base Almaigne Cleyn wechbree Hontsribbe We call the fourth Plantago marina in English Sea Plantayne in French Plantain de mer in base Almaigne Zee Wechbree †The Nature Plantayne is colde and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The leaues of Plantayne eaten with meates or otherwise are very good against the falling downe of Reumes Catarres they comfort the Stomacke and are good for such as haue the Phthisike which is a dissease in the lunges with a consumption of all the body And against the Cough The Decoction of leaues of Plantayne dronken stoppeth the blouddy flixe and other fluxes of the belly also it stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluous flowing of womens termes and all other issue of bloud The iuyce of Plantayne dronken stoppeth and appeaseth the great desire to vomitte and stancheth all fluxe of bloud aswell as the leaues and seede The roote of Plantayne by himself or with his seede boyled in sweete wine and dronken openeth the Conduytes or passages of the Lyuer and Kidneys being stopped and is good against the Iaunders and the vlceration of the kidneys and bladder Some haue writen that three rootes of Plantayne taken with wine and water doth cure the Feuer tertian and foure rootes so taken do cure the Feuer quartayne The vse of Plantayne is good against all euill corrupt and running sores and vlcers and against woundes both old and new all hoate empostems and inflammations against Cankers Fistulas the foule euill or French Pockes and all scuruinesse It is good against the byting of Madde Dogs to bruse the leaues of Plantayne and lay therevpon or to poure of the iuyce of Plantayne into the woundes or if it be mixed with emplaysters and oyntments that be made for such purpose The leaues of Plantayne do asswage and mitigate the paine of the Goute and are excellent to be layde vpon swollen members that are full of heate and payne or anguish The iuyce of Plantayne dropped or stilled into the eares is very good against the payne in the same And to be dropped into the eyes against the inflammation and payne of the eyes The same iuyce or the Decoction of the leaues or rootes of Plantayne do cure and heale the naughtie Vlcers of the mouth the tooth ache and the bleeding of the gummes or Iawes whan the mouth is oftentimes wasshed with the same The leaues of Plantayne pounde or stamped with salte and layde to the empostems wennes or harde swellings about the eares and throte cureth the same The roote also is good to be carried or hanged about the necke for the same purpose as some men wryte Of Buckhorne Plantayne / or Coronop Plantayne Chap. lxiiij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this countrey at this present two kindes of herbes both comprehended vnder the name of Crowfoote †The Description THe first Crowfoote or Hartshorne hath long narrow and hearie leaues bringeth forth vpon each side of the leafe three or foure shore startes or branches almost like to the branches of a Hartes horne It lieth spread vpon the ground like a starre Frō the middle of those leaues groweth vp small round hearie stemmes bearing long spiked knappes or torches like the middle Plantayne The roote is long and threddy Pseudocoronopus Buckhorne Plantayne Coronopus Ruellij Coronopispecies peregrina The second crowfoote hath three or foure stemmes or branches creeping vpon the ground alwayes lying flat vpon the earth but neuer mounting or rising higher are set full of long narrow iagged leaues much like to the leaues of the other Crowfoote Plantayne but smaller and nothing hearie The floures be small white growing betwixt the leaues the stalke well fastened to the stēme whan they are decayed there cōmeth forth small flat purses broade rough in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white of the length of ones fingar in tast lyke to garden Cressis One may also place amongst the kinds of Coronopus a certayne herbe whiche we shall now offer vnto you the which is a stranger but little knowen in this countrey seing that it is very well like to Harteshorne The leaues be long narrow branched with shorte startes altogither like to the leaues of Hartes horne sauing that sometimes they be bigger They lie also flat spread round vpon the ground and are somewhat rough hearie like the leaues of Hartes horne so that it is harde to know one from an other whan they are both without stalkes and floures But whan this herbe beginneth to haue stalkes and floures than the difference is easily marked for this herbe bringeth forth two or three rounde stalkes parted into sundry branches at the toppe whereof are placed knoppes and buttons like to Cyanus or Corne floure sauing that the scales of the knappes or heades be not so closely couched and layde one vpon an other the sayde scales seeme cleare and thorough shining especially whan the floure is fallen of and withered The floures come forth of the sayde knops or heads in colour and making like the floures of Cychorie but smaller The roote is long and slender †The Place The first kinde groweth in Brabant Flaunders in vntilled sandy places The second also groweth about wayes and dry sandy pathes and vpon bankes and rampiers especially in certayne places about Antwarpe where as it groweth so plentifully that almost one shall see none other herbe The third which is a strange herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens It groweth plentifully in Languedock in stony and dry places ⧠The Tyme The two first kindes do floure in May and Iune The third floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Latine Cornu ceruinum or Herba Stellae and Stellaria in English of Turner and Cooper Herbe Iue and Crowfoote Plantayne of Pena Buckhorne We may also call it Hartes horne Plantayne Buckehorne Plantayne or Coronop Plantayne it is called in French Corne de Cerf or Dent au chien it is vnknowen in Shoppes The Brabanders do call it Hertshoren and Crayenuoet cruyt Some late writers call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pes cornicis in high Douch Kraenfuz supposing it to be the same Coronopus whiche Dioscorides hath described in the. 123. Chap. of his second booke although in deede they be not like at all And therefore we haue called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudocoronopus that is to say Bastard Crowfoote The second kinde draweth neare to the description of Coronopus made by Dioscorides albeit that notwithstanding
be Polygonon of Dioscorides but for one of the foure kindes of Polygonon whereof Plinie hath writen in the xxvij booke of his History †The Nature All these herbes are colde in the second degree and dry in the thirde astringent and making thicke †The Vertues The iuyce of knotgrasse dronke is good against the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and all other fluxe or issue of bloud and is good against vomiting and laskes The same dronken in wine helpeth against the biting of venemouse beasts It is also good against tertian feuers to be dronken an houre before the fit The leaues of knotgrasse boyled in wine or water and dronken stayeth all maner of laskes and fluxes of the belly The bloudy flixe and womens floures the spitting of bloud and all fluxe of bloud aswell as the iuyce The iuyce of knotgrasse put with a Pessarie into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures and the inordinate course of the same and put into the Nose it stancheth the bleeding of the same poured into the eares it taketh away the payne of the same and dryeth vp the corrupt matter and filth of the same The same boyled in wine and Honie cureth the vlcers and inflammations of the priuie or secrete partes The greene leaues being layde too preuayle much against the great heate burning of the stomacke hoate swellings empostems the consuming burning of S. Anthonies fire and all greene or fresshe woundes Dioscorides also saith that Knotgrasse prouoketh vrine is good for such as pisse drop after droppe the whiche is founde true whan the vrine is hoate and sharpe The female Knotgrasse hath the same vertue as the male Knotgrasse as Dioscorides saith but not so strong And the third kinde also his vertues be much like to the Male knotgrasse Of Horse tayle / or Shauegrasse Chap. lxviij †The Kindes THere be twoo sortes of Horse tayle or Shauegrasse as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth †The Description WHan the great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle beginneth to spring it bringeth foorth rounde naked and hollow stemmes rough and full of ioyntes yea their roughnesse is such that Turners Cutelers other Artificers do vse them to polish make playne smoth their workes as the heftes of knyues Daggers c. At the top of those Asparagus shutes or stemmes groweth smal round and blacke knoppes or tuffets Afterwarde the stemmes do waxe browne and reddishe and bringe foorth rounde about euery knot or ioynte diuers little small slender and knottie russhes It mounteth so high that with his hanging russhes or small branches it is not much vnlyke to a Horse tayle The roote is white and hath ioyntes or knottes lyke the stalke or stemme Maioris Equiseti asparagus The. j. springs or shutes of Horsetayle or shauegrasse Equisetum minus Smal shauegrasse or Horsetayle Equiseti minoris flores The floures of smal Shauegrasse or Horsetayle The small Shauegrasse or Horse tayle is not much vnlike to the great It bringeth forth whan it beginneth to spring bare and naked stemmes that be also round hollow and knotty at the toppe or ende of those stemmes it hath as it were a spiked eare or knop of small white floures whiche perish incontinently Than springeth vp from the roote other shutes or branches full of knottes or ioyntes about the whiche also there groweth round knotty russhes like as in the great Horse tayle or Shauegrasse but not so great nor so rough but more softe and gentell so that they are nothing worth to polishe withall The roote is small blacke and slender †The Place The great Shauegrasse groweth in diches and pondes and very moyst places The small Horsetayle or Shauegrasse groweth in low shadowy places and also in dry sandie fieldes †The Tyme The naked stēmes of the great Horsetayle do spring vp in May. The shutes and blossoms of the small Horsetayle do spring in Aprill shortly after cōmeth vp the stemmes set full of small russhes †The Names These herbes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetū Equiseta Equiselis Equinalis and Salix Equina in Shoppes Cauda equina in Italiā Asprella Codo di cauallo prela in Spanish Cola de mula Rabo de mula in English Horse tayle and Shauegrasse in highe Douch Schaffthew in base Almaigne Peertsteert The greater kinde is called Equisetum maius of some Asprella in English great Shauegrasse and Horse tayle in high Douch grosz Schaffthew Roszschwātz Pferdtschwantz Roszwadel Kannenkraut in base Almaigne groot Peertsteert and Kannencruyt The small is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetum minus aut alterum and Equitium And of some as Anthonius Musa writeth Sceuola in English smal Shauegrasse and of some Tadpipes in high Douch kleyn Schaffthew Katzenwedel Ratzenschwantz Katzen saghel in base Almaigne cleyn Peertsteert and Cattensteert Equisetum maius The great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle †The Nature These two Shauegrasses or Horse tayles are colde in the first degree and dry in the second astringent and drying without sharpnesse ⧠The Vertues The decoction of Horse tayle in wine or water dronken stoppeth all fluxe of bloud al other extraordinary fluxes especially the inordinate issue of floures it doth also cure the bloudy flixe and dangerous laske and all other kinde of laskes And for all the aforesayde entents it is a soueraigne remedie as Galen writeth The iuyce of this herbe dronken alone or with wine is of the same operation and effect Horse tayle or Shauegrasse being taken in manner aforesayde is most cōuenient and profitable for all vlcers sores and hurtes of the kidneys the bladder and bowels and against all burstings Horse tayle with his roote boyled is good against the Cough the difficultie and payne of fetching breath and against inwarde burstings as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth The iuyce thereof put into the Nose stancheth the bleeding of the same and with a Pessarie or Mother Subpository conueyed into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures The same pounde and strowed vpon freshe and greene woundes ioyneth them togither and healeth them also it preserueth them from inflammation And so dothe the powder of the same herbe dryed and strowed vpon new and greene woundes Of white Roote / Solomons seale Chap. lxix ⧠The Kindes WHite roote or Salomons seale is of two sortes The one called the great or broade Seale of Salomon The other is the small and narrow Salomons seale Polygonatum latifolium Broade leaued white roote Polygonatum angustifolium Narrow leaued white roote †The Description THe great Salomons seale hath long roūd stalkes the leaues be long and greene larger longer softer then bay leaues betwixt the whiche leaues and the stalke vpon short stemmes hang pleasant white greene floures long and hollow three or foure togither so that euery stalke doth commonly bring forth moe floures than leaues The floures perisshed they turne into rounde bearies
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
Prunella Prunell †The Description BVgle spreadeth creepeth alongst the ground like to Monyworte or Herbe twopence it hath somewhat long leaues and broade afore or at the top softe wrinckled and blackish his stalkes be smal tender creeping alongst the ground taking holdfast in certaine places here and there and from them againe spring other square straight stemmes of a span long bringing forth bright floures amongst certayne littell leaues compassing the stemme about of colour moste commonly blew and in some plantes white as snow The rootes are threedy and tender Prunell hath square hearie stalkes of a spanne long or more The leaues be somewhat long hearie and sharpe poynted The floures grow at the top of the stalkes thicke set togither like to an eare or spikie knap of a browne colour and mixt with blewe and sometimes also very white The roote is small and very threedy †The Place They grow both in certayne Medowes pastures wooddes Also Bugle is much planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme Bugle floureth in Aprill And Prunell oftentimes all the somer vntill Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is now called Consolida Solidago for a difference from other herbes whiche be also called by the same name it is called Consolida media in English Middell Consounde or Middle Comfery and Bugle in French Consoulde moyenne and Bugle in high Douch Gunzel and gulde Gunzel in the Shoppes of this countrey they call it Bugula and in base Almaigne Senegroen The second kinde is also called Consolida media but most commonly Prunella or Brunella in English Prunell Carpenters herbe Selfe heale Hooke heale in French Prunelle and some do also call it Herbe au Charpentier some call it Oingtereule in high Douch Brunellen and Gottheyl in Brabant Bruynelle †The Nature These two herbes be dry moreouer Bugle is hoate and Prunell temperate betwixt heate and colde or very littell colde †The Vertues The decoction of Bugle dronken dissolueth clotted congeled bloud within the body it doth heale and make sounde all woundes of the body bothe inwarde and outwarde The same openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and Gaule and is good to be dronken against the Iaundise and Feuers that be of long continuance The same decoction of Bugle cureth the rotten vlcers sores of the mouth and gummes whan they be wasshed therewithall Bugle greene fresh gathered is good to be layde vpon woundes galles or scratches for it cureth them maketh them whole sounde And so doth the pouder of the same herbe dryed to be cast and strowen vpon the wounde The iuyce of Bugles cureth the sores vlcers of the secrete or priuie partes being often dropped in and so doth the herbe brused and layde vpon The decoction of Prunell made with wine or water doth ioyne together and make whole and sounde all woundes both inwarde and outward as Bugle doth It is good to wassh the mouth often with the decoction of Prunell against the vlcers of the mouth and it is also a soueraigne remedie against that disease whiche the Brabanders do name den Bruynen that is whan the tongue is inflamed and waxeth blacke and is much swollen so that the generall remedies haue gone before Prunell brused with oyle of Roses and vineger and layde to the foreparte of the head swageth and cureth the aking of the same Of Auens / or Sanamunda Chap. xci ⧠The Description THe leaues of Sanamunda Auens or Herbe Bennet are rough blackishe and much clouen or deepely cut somewhat like to the leaues of Agrimonie The stalke is round and hearie of the length of a foote and half diuiding it self at the top into other branches which bringeth forth yellow floures like to the floures of Crowfoote Goldcup or Goldknap afterward littell round rough heads or knoppes set full of seede the which being ripe will cleaue or hang fast vnto garments The roote is short and reddish within with yellow threedy strings and smelleth somewhat like Cloues especially if it be gathered in Marche †The Place This herbe groweth wilde in woods and by hedges and quicksettes it is also planted in gardēs but that which groweth wilde is the greater and his floures be yellower than the other ⧠The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Garyophyllata by cause his roote smelleth like Cloues and of some Sanamunda Benedicta and Nardus rustica in English Auens herbe Bennet and of some Sanamunda in French Benoitte in high Douch Benedictenwurtz in Brabant Gariophyllate †The Nature Herbe Bennet or Auens is hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The decoction of Auens made with water or with wine and water togither and dronken resolueth congeled and clotted bloud cureth all inwarde woundes and hurts And the same decoction cureth outwarde woundes if they be wasshed therewithall Garyophyllata The decoction made of the roote of herbe Bennet in wine dronken comforteth the stomacke causeth good digestion it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer and clenseth the breast and purgeth it from grosse and Phlegmatique humors The roote dryed and taken with wine is good against poyson against the payne of the guttes or bowelles whiche we call the Colique Of Pyrola Chap. xcij. †The Description PYrola hath nine or tenne greene tender leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Bete sauing they be a great deale smaller amongst the whiche commeth vp a stalke set with pleasant little white floures muche like to the sweete smelling floures of lillie Conuall or May lillies The roote is small tender creeping here and there †The Place Pyrola groweth in shadowy places and moyst wooddes †The Tyme Pyrola is to be found in winter and somer but it floureth in Iune and Iuly Pyrola †The Names Pyrola is called in Shops Pyrola in high Douch Wintergrun Holtzmangolt Waldmangoldt in base Almaigne Wintergruen in English also Pyrola and Wintergreene in French Bete de prez and Pyrole †The Nature Pyrola is dry in the third degree and colde in the second †The Vertues The leaues of Pyrola alone by themselues or with other healing herbes is good to heale woundes and boyled in wine and dronken they heale both inward and outward woundes fistulas and maliguant vlcers Greene Pyrole is also good to be layde vpon woundes vlcers burnings and so is the pouder thereof to be strowed vpon and it is good to be mixt with oyntments and playsters seruing for the purposes aforesayde Of Serpents tonge / or Adders tonge Chap. xciij †The Description ADders tonge is an herbe of a maruelous strāge nature it bringeth forth but one leaf of the lēgth of ones finger in which groweth a littell stemme bearing a littell long narrow tonge like to a Serpent or as my Author saith like to the tonge of a Serpent †The Place Adders tonge is founde in this countrey in certayne moyst and
frutefull medowes †The Tyme This leafe is founde with his littell tonge in Aprill and May the whole herbe vanissheth away in Iune †The Names Plinie as some learned men iudge calleth this herb Lingua Linguace and Lingulace it is now called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua serpentis in some countries Lancea Christi and in other places Lucciola in English Adders tonge Serpents tonge in French Langue de serpent in highe Douch Naterzunglin in Brabāt On s Heeren speer cruyt and Natertonghesken †The Nature Adders tongue is dry in the third degree and of Nature very like Pyrola Ophioglosson ⧠The Vertues Adders tonge is also good very singuler to heale woundes both inward and outwarde it is also good against burstings or Ruptures to be prepared taken in like sorte as Pyrola The Decoction of the same made with water and dronken is good against hoate feuers the inflammations of the liuer and against all inwarde and outwarde heates The same incorporated or mengled with Swynes grease is good against burning and spreading sores or the disease called the wilde fire also against burnings and all hoate tumors and impostems Of Zunaria Chap. xciiij ⧠The Description THe small Lunarie also bringeth forth but one leafe iagged cut on both sides into fiue or sixe deepe cuttes or natches not much vnlike the leaues of the right Scolopendria but it is longer larger and greener Vpō the sayde leafe groweth a stem of a span long bearing at the top many smal seedes clustering together like grapes The roote is of threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth vpon high dry and grasie moūtaines or hilles by dales heaths †The Tyme The small Lunarie is founde in May and Iune but afterward it vanisheth away †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Lunaria Lunaria minor of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Lunarie or Moonewort in Frēch Petite Lunaire in high Douch Monkraut and klein Monkraut in base Almaigne Maencruyt cleyn Maencruyt The people of Sauoy do call it Tore or Taure †The Nature It is colde dry of temperature very like to Pyrola and Adders tonge Lunaria minor ⧠The Vertues This herb is also very good singuler to heale woūdes of vertue facultie like to Pyrola Serpents tonge very conuenient for all such griefes as they do serue vnto the Alchimistes also do make great accōpt of this herbe about their Science Of Thorow waxe / or Thorowleafe Chap. xcv †The Description THorowleafe hath a round slēder stalke ful of branches the branches passing or going thorow the leaues as if they had bene drawē thorough the leaues whiche be rounde bare tender at the top of the branches growe the floures as it were crownes amōgst small little leaues of a pale or faint yelow colour the which do afterwards chāge into a broune seede The roote is single white somwhat threddy †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Germany and England in the Corne fieldes amongst the wheate rye They do also plant it in gardens Perfoliatum ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Perfoliatum and Perfoliata in English Thorowwaxe and Thorowleafe in French Persefueille in high Douch Durchwachsz in base Almaigne Duerwas It is very doubtful whether this be Cacalia of Dioscorides †The Nature Thorowwaxe is of a dry complexion †The Vertues The decoctiō of Thorowwaxe boyled in water or wine healeth woundes and so doth the greene leaues brused and layde therevpon Thorowwaxe mengled with waxe or with some oyle or oyntment fitte to cure woundes healeth burstings or Harmes of yong Children being layde therevpon The same herbe whan it is yet greene brused and pounde with meale and wine and layde vpon the Nauels of yong Children keepeth vp the bowels drawing them into their naturall place and setleth them that fall too much downe and flaketh the same whan they are blasted vp and swollen And so doth the seede also made into pouder and layde too after the like manner Of Burnet / or Pimpinell Chap. xcvi †The Kyndes PImpinell is of two sortes the great and wilde and the small garden Pimpinell Pimpinella maior Wilde Burnet Sideritis altera Pimpinella minor Garden Burnet †The Description THe great wilde Pimpinell or Burnet hath long round stemmes two or three foote high vpon the whiche groweth leaues somewhat long dented round about and tied by long stemmes tenne or twelue leaues growing by a stemme standing displayed directly one against an other like vnto winges At the top of the stalkes are round knops or heads compact togither as it were of small purles or buttons the which at their opening bring forth small floures of a browne redde colour after them commeth a triangled seede The roote is long and thicke The small or garden Pimpinell is very much like vnto the wilde but it is in all points smaller and of sauour and smell more amiable or pleasant It hath softe and tender stalkes of a foote high or somewhat more set with a softe and fine heare or Cotton The leaues be like vnto the other sauing they be a great deale smaller greene aboue and blewishe vnderneath The floures be not so browne but of an incarnate or liuely redde with small yellow threedes hanging forth of the middest of them The roote is like to the other but a great deale smaller †The Place The wild or great Pimpinell groweth in dry medowes there is stoore of it found growing about Viluorde The small Pimpinell is commonly planted in the gardens of this countrey †The Tyme They do both floure in Iune and sometimes sooner and oftentimes vntill August †The Names Pimpinell is now called in Latine Pimpinella Bipennula Pampinula and of some Sanguisorba Solbastrella in Spanish Frexinna in English Burnet and Pimpinell in high Douch Kolbleskraut Hergotsbartlin Blutkraut and Megelkraut in base Almaigne Pimpinelle This herbe seemeth to be very well like to Sideritis altera of Dioscorides †The Nature Pimpinell is dry in the third degree and colde in the second astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Pimpinell dronken cureth the bloudy flixe the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the naturall issue of women and all other fluxe of bloud The herbe and the seede made into pouder and dronke with wine or water wherein Iron hath bene often quenched doth the like and so doth the herbe alone being but onely holden in a mans hande as some haue writen The greene leaues brused and layde vpon woundes keepe them from inflammation and apostumation Moreouer they are good to be layde vpon phlegmons whiche are hoate tumors swellings and vlcers Pimpinell also is very good to heale woundes and is receyued in drinkes that be made for woundes to put away inflammation and to stanche bleeding to much The leaues of Pimpinell stiped in wine and
dronken doth comfort reioyce the hart and are good against the trembling and shaking of the same Of Sanicle / or Sanikell Chap. xcvij. ⧠The Description SAnicle hath browne greene plaine shining and roundish leaues parted into fiue partes with deepe cuttes like vnto vine leaues or rather like Maple leaues amongst whiche there springe vp two stemmes of the heigth of a foote bearing many small round buttons at the toppe full of littell white floures whiche do turne into smal rough burres which is the seede The roote hath threedy strings and is blacke without white within †The Place Sanicle is founde in moyst woodes and stony bankes in hilly or mountayne countries Northerly †The Tyme Sanicle floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Sanicula of some Diapensia in English Sanicle in French Sanicle in high Douch Sanicle This is none of the kindes of Sinckfoyle or Pentaphillon as some would haue it †The Nature Sanicle is dry in the thirde degree astringent ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of Sanicle dronken doth make whole sound all inward and outwarde woundes and hurtes so that as Ruellius writeth it is a cōmon saying in Fraunce Celuy qui Sanicle à De Mire affaire il n'a That is to say who so hath Sanicle needeth no Surgean Sanicula Sanicle boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the spitting of bloud the bloudy flixe and cureth the vlceratiōs and hurtes of the kidneys The same taken in like manner or the iuyce thereof dronken cureth burstings especially whan the herbe is also layd vppon the greefe eyther brused or boyled The leaues thereof the roote boyled in water hony and dronken healeth the perished lunges and al malignant vlcers rotten sores of the mouth gummes and throote if the mouth be wasshed or gatgled therewithall Of Ladies mantell / or great Sanicle Chap. xcviij †The Description THis herb hath large roūd leaues with fiue or sixe corners finely dented round about the whiche at their first cōming vp out of the ground are folden togither or as it were playted Alchimilla Amongst them groweth small round stemmes halfe a foote long set here and there with little leaues and bringeth foorth at the top small floures clustering thicke togither of a yellowish greene colour with a smal yellow seede no greater then Purselane or Poppie seede inclosed in small greene huskes The roote is thicke as long as ones fingar browne without and hath threedy strings †The Place Great Sanicle or Ladies Mantell groweth in some places of this coūtrey as in certayne medowes in the hanging of Hilles whereas the soyle is of potters clay fat and redde ⧠The Tyme This herbe floureth in May and Iune †The Names The latter wryters do call this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Achimilla Alchimilla Stellaria Plāta leonis Pes leonis of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 howbeit this is not the right Leontopodium whereof Dioscorides writeth in English Ladies mantell great Sanicle and Padelion in French Pied de Lion in high Douch Synnan Lewentapen Lewenfusz Vnser frauwē Mantell grosz Sanickel in base Almaigne folowing the high Almaignes Synnaw Onser vrouwen mantel and groote Sanikel †The Nature It is dry like Sanicle but colder †The Vertues Ladies mantell is much like to Sanicle in facultie and serueth for all diseases wherevnto Sanicle is good Moreouer it taketh away the payne heate of all woundes inflamed vlcers and Phlegmons being applied thereto The same pound layde vpon the Pappes or Dugges of wiues or maydens maketh them harde and firme Of Sarrasins Consounde Chap. xcix †The Description SArrasines Consounde hath a round browne redde holow stalke three or foure cubites high as Pena writeth all alongst the whiche from the lowest parte euen vp to the harde toppe there growe long narrow leaues like to Wythie or Peach leaues dented round aboute with small denticles At the toppe of the stalkes growe bleake or pale yellow floures the whiche being ripe are carried away with the winde The roote is very threedy †The Place Sarrasines Consounde groweth in shadowy woodes and especially there whereas it is somewhat moyst †The Tyme This herbe is found with his floures most commonly in August Solidago Sarracenica †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Solidago Sarracenica Consolida Sarracenica of some Herba fortis in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery in French Consoulde Sarrasine in high Douch Heidnisch wundkraut in base Almaigne Heydensch wondtcruyt †The Nature Sarrasines Consounde is almost dry in the third degree and not without heate in taste bitter and astringent †The Vertues Sarrasines Consounde healeth all sortes of woundes and vlcers both inwarde and outward to be ministred in the same manner as the other Consolidatiue or healing herbes are whether it be giuē in drinke or applied outwardly with oyntments oyles or emplaisters The same boyled in water and dronken doth restraine and stay the wasting lyuer and taketh away the oppillation and stopping of the same of the bladder and gaule and is good agaynst the iaundise feuers of long continuance and for such as are falling into a dropsie The decoction of the same is good to be gargled against the vlcers and stinking of the mouth and against the vlceration of the gummes and throte Of Golden rodde Chap. c. ⧠The Description GOlden rodde at the firste hath long broade leaues spredde abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp a reddish or browne stalke of the length of a foote and half with leaues like to the first but smaller it spreadeth it selfe at the toppe into diuers small branches charged or loden with small yellow floures the whiche also whan they are ripe are carried away with the winde like to the floures of Sarrasines Consounde The roote is browne and hath threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in wooddes vppon mountaynes and in frutefull soyle †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Virga aurea that is to say Golden rodde in French Verge d'or in base Almaigne Golden roede and we know not as yet whether it hath any other name †The Nature The taste of this herbe is very like to Sarrasines Consounde and therefore it is of like nature Virga aurea †The Vertue and Operation Golden rod is also an herbe apt to heale woundes and hath the same vertues whiche Sarrasines Consounde hath and may be vsed in all disseases for the whiche the sayde Consounde is good The same boyled in wine and dronken is very good agaynst the stone namely in the reynes For it breaketh the same and maketh it to descend with the water or vrine and so doth also the water of this herbe distilled with wine and dronken by some space of time as wryteth Arnoldus de Villa Noua Of water
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
or spikie tuftes in August and the seede is rype in September †The Names These pleasant tufts or floures are called of Plinie libro 21. Cap. 8. Amaranthus and of some late writers Flos Amoris and Amaranthus purpureus in Italian Fior vellino in English floure Gentill Floramor Purple veluet floure in French Passeuelours in high Douch Samatblumen Floramor and Dausent schoon in base Almaigne Flouweelbloemen †The Nature These floures are of complexion colde and dry †The Vertues Floure Gentill or Floramor boyled in wine and drōken stoppeth the laske and the blouddie flixe Of Daysies Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Daysies the great and the small The small also is of two kindes whereof the one groweth in gardens the other groweth wilde †The Description The greate wilde Dasie hath grene leaues somwhat lōg dented roūd about the stem is round and set with like leaues groweth somtimes to the heigh of ij foot lōg at the top whereof it beareth fayre floures in the middell and set rounde aboute with a little border of small white leaues in manner of a pale not much vnlike the floures of the cōmon Camomill but much greater and without sauour Whā they perishe the littell smal white leaues fall downe the yellow in the middell which is the seede swelleth vp The small garden Dasie hath his leaues somewhat like to the abouesayde but they are smaller and not so much dented It sendeth foorth his floures from the roote vpon shorte small stemmes somewhat like the floures of the great Daysie sauing that the small leaues whiche in the great Daysie do compasse the yellow in the middle are so thicke sette or so double that a man shall perceiue very littell of the yellow in the middell or none at all And these floures are sometimes white somtimes very redde sometimes speckled or partie coloured of white and redde There growe also sometimes aboute the compasse of the sayde littell floures many more as it were small floures growing vpon small stemmes out of the knops or cuppes of the sayde floures The roote is white and threddy Bellis maior The great wild Daysie or Maudelynwurte Bellis minor hortensis The small garden Daysie The small wilde Daysie is like to the small garden Daysie in his leaues His littell floures do also spring vp from the roote vpon short stemmes they be also yellow in the middell and set aboute with little white leaues after the order of the great Daysie but they are a great deale smaller and without sauour as all the other sortes of Daysies be The roote is like to the roote of the small garden Daysie †The Place The great Daysie and the small wilde Daysie do grow in medowes and moyste pastures The fayre double garden Daysie is planted and set in gardens †The Tyme The great Daysie floureth most commonly in May. The small garden Daysie floureth from May all the Sommer long The small wilde Daysie floureth very timely in March and sometimes sooner and continueth flouring vntill Aprill and somewhat later †The Names These floures are called of Plinie in Latine Bellis and Bellius and now they are called in Latine Consolida minor and Herba Margarita of some Primula veris especially the small wilde Daysie in English Daysies in French Marguerites or Pasquettes in high Douch Maszlieben Massuselen and in some places Seitloszlin in Brabant Madelieuen and Kersouwen Bellis minor syluestris The small wilde Daysie †The Temperament These floures and herbes are of nature colde and moyst ⧠The Vertues and effects The decoction of the small Daysies with their leaues or boyled alone in water is good to be dronken against Agues the inflammatiō of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes The herbe taken in meates or potages doth loose the belly gentilly Mawdelenwurte or the herbie parte of the wilde Daysie is good against all burning vlcers and impostems and against the inflammation and running of the eyes being applied thereto The same layde vnto woundes keepeth the same from inflammation and impostumation Of Canterbury Belles / or Haskewurte Chap. xx ¶ The Kyndes THere be diuers herbes whiche haue floures like Belles whereof this Throtewurte or Haskewurte is a kinde of whiche we shall speake in this Chapter and it is also of three sortes that is to say the great and small and the creeping kinde ⧠The Description THe great Belfloure hath square rough hearie stalkes vpon whiche growe sharpe poynted leaues dented rounde aboute like to Nettell leaues the floures grow alongst the stalkes lyke Belles and like the floures of Rampions but farre greater and rough hearie within of colour sometimes white sometimes blew and sometimes Carnation or flesshe colour It beginneth to floure at the toppe of the stalke and so goeth florisshing downewarde The floures past the seede whiche is small and graye commeth vp in long knoppie huskes like the Rampion seede The roote is white much wrythen and interlaced Trachelium maius Great Haskewurte or Belfloure Trachelium minus The lesse Haskewurte or Belfloure Auicularia The small Belfloure in stalkes is like to the great sauing that it groweth not so high the leaues be somewhat long smaller whiter and not so deepely dented as the leaues of the greater Belfloure but very well like vnto Sage leaues The small Belles are violet and purple growing at the toppe of the stalke and clustering thicker then the floures of the great Belfloure The roote is slender and very threedy The third in his leaues stalkes is lyke to the first but his leaues be smaller and not so deepely cut The floures hang downewardes and grow almost harde by the stalke of a light violet colour in proportion and making like to the others The rootes most commonly are slender and crokedly creeping alongst the ground putting foorth new springs plantes in diuers places frō whiche groweth small long and thicke rootes not muche vnlike Rampions whereof both this and the former sortes are a certayne kinde There may be very well ioyned vnto these Belfloures the pleasant floures whiche are called at Paris Auicularia seing that they be somewhat lyke to the floures of Haskewurte or Belfloure The plante that beareth these floures groweth to the heigth of a hande breadth or twayne the stalkes are small and tender and set full of small leaues The floures growe at the toppe of the stalkes of a fayre purple colour almost fasshioned lyke a Bell or Cymball with a small white clapper in the middle They open after Sunne rysing and close agayne towardes Sunne sette and whan they be close they haue fyue crestes or playtes like the Belfloures or Couentrie Marians or wilde Rapes or lyke to Rampions and such other floures before theyr opening †The Place Both these Belfloures grow of their owne kinde in certayne dry meades and pastures and they be also planted in gardens The thirde is founde in diuers Champion places and sweete
pastures of Zealand And it is also planted in gardens where as it prospereth ouermuch for it doth so spread abroade and multiplie that it hurteth other herbes and cannot easily be weeded or ouercome Auicularia groweth in good ground in fields amongst wheate or where as wheate hath growen †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The Belflower is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Trachelium Ceruicaria and Vuularia according to the Douch name in English they be called Belfloures and of some Canterbury Belles The Plante may be very wel called Haskewurte or Throtewurte in French Gantel'ee in high Douch Halszkraut in base Almaigne Halscruyt And they are like the kindes of Rampions as the Couentrie Marians violet or wilde Rape is whereof shall be written here vnder The thirde kinde is vnknowen in the Shoppes of this countrie The Herboristes of Fraunce do call it Auicularia the Brabanders call it Urouwen spiegel And I know none other name except it be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Onobrichis that is to say the braying or sounding againe of the Asse wherevnto it hath some small proportion or similitude †The Nature Belfloure is of a complexion colde and dry like to Rampion wherfore it may be vsed in meate as the Rampions †The Vertues The Belfloure boyled in water is soueraigne to cure the payne and inflammation of the necke and inside of the throte and it is good against all vlcerations of the mouth if one do gargle or wash his mouth therewithall Of Autumne Belfloures / or Calathian Violets Chap. xxj ⧠The Description AMongst all the kindes of Belfloures there is none more beutiful in colour then this it hath small straight knottie stemmes at euery knot or ioint it hath two leaues set directly one against an other whiche be long narrow by each side whereof as also at the top of the stalke groweth forth pleasant floures whiche be long hollow alwayes bending outwardes like to a small long bell with two or three small white threedes in the middle They are of a blew colour so cleare and excellent that they seeme to passe the azured skies Whan they are paste there cōmeth vp in the middle of the floure a round long huske full of long small seede Calathiana viola †The Place These pleasant floures grow in moyst medowes low vntilled groundes standing in frutefull soyles ⧠The Tyme They are in floure about the end of August and September †The Names Plinie calleth these floures in Latine Campanulae Autumnales Viola Autumnalis we may also cal them in English Autumne Belfloures Calathian violets or Autumne violets in high Douch they are called Lungen blume for the which cause Cordus calleth them Pneumonanthe and truly it seemeth to be a certayne kinde of Gentian in base Almaigne it is called blauw Leliekens and Duysent schoon †The Temperament and Vertues The temperament nature and propertie of these pleasant little floures are very like vnto Gentian as the bitter taste declareth Of Marians violet / or Couentrie Belles Chap. xxij †The Description THis braue pleasant floure hath his first leaues whiche grow next the ground long broade and somwhat hearie not much vnlike the leaues of wild rose Campions from the middest whereof springeth vp the second yeare after the sowing or planting one stalke or moe full of branches set with suche like leaues but somwhat smaller there grow vpon the sayde branches many fayre and pleasant hollow floures most commonly of a cleare purple colour and sometimes white in proportion very well like to the common Belfloure but much larger and rounder and not so deepely cut about the brimmes or edges the whiche also before their opening are folden togither as it were with fiue crested playtes or edges Whan they are past there cōmeth vp smal roūd buttons or huskes with fiue rough endes or tayles whiche be hollow short plyed or turned backe in all things else like to the knops or huskes of Rampion or the common Belfloure The seede is in the middle of the sayde knoppie huskes it is small broune coloured like a Chestnutte The roote is white and thicke and putteth forth by the sides diuers other rootes Viola Mariana †The Place These pleasant floures grow about Couentrie in England and are founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes and are not yet very common ⧠The Tyme They floure from Iuly vntill September and afterwarde and notwithstanding though they seeme alwayes to floure yet they do also beare seede so that oftentimes as soone as this herbe beginneth to floure one may alwayes finde vpon the same buddes floures and ripe seede †The Names Men do now call these pleasant floures in Latine Violae Marianae that is to say in English Marianes violets we may also cal them Couentrie Rapes in base Almaigne Marietes of the old writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Rapum syluestre Of this kind also are the Belfloures described afore in the xx Chapter of this Booke †The Nature These floures and their roote specially are colde and dry †The Vertues Their vertue is all one with the other Belfloures and may be vsed in like sorte They vse about Couētrie in England where as great store of these plantes do grow to eate their rootes in Salads as Pena writeth in his booke intituled Stirpium aduersaria noua Fol. 138. Of Blew belles Chap. xxiij †The Description THese floures whan their plant beginneth first to spring vp out of the ground haue small rounde leaues like to Marche violets amongst the whiche springeth vp a long high hollow stalke set with long narrow swartgreene leaues amongst the whiche also at the top of the stalke grow fayre Belles or hollow floures greater than the floures of Rampion of colour blew turning towardes purple most commonly but sometimes also they be white Whan they are fallen away the seede is founde in small bullets or huskes like Rampion seede The roote is small and threedie The whole plante is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth foorth whan the herbe is broken or brused and tasteth like Rampions There is also a wild kinde of these floures the which is like to the aforesaid in growing leaues stalkes floures and seede Neuerthelesse it is a great deale and in all respects smaller and it yeeldeth a white iuyce also like the first There is also a certayne thirde kinde of this Blew belfloure muche greater than the first his stalkes be long and high his leaues be somewhat large and it hath very many floures growing alongst the stalkes as it were littell small Belles of a fayre blew colour and after them certayne hollow little huskes or Celles his roote at the first is long and slender but whan the plante waxeth olde the roote is full of knots and knobbes and diuided into sundry branches and finally this herbe is
commeth in their place round long knoppes or bolliens narrow at the toppe like to a small glasse or phiall The roote is white and of a spongie substance of the greatnesse of ones arme ful of knobbes and knottes with certayne great stringes hanging by it Nymphaea alba White water Lillie Nymphaea lutea Yellow water Lillie †The Place These floures do grow in Riuers and Pooles and other standing waters ⧠The Tyme Water Lillie floureth in Iune and sometimes sooner †The Names The first kinde of these floures is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nymphaea of some Clauus Veneris and Papauer palustre of the Apothecaries Nenuphar in English White water Lillie Water Rose and white Nenuphar in Italian Nenuphar biancho in Spanish Adarguas del Rio Escudettes del Rio Figuos del Rio blanquos in French Nenuphar blanc or Blanc d'eaué in high Douch Seeblumen wasser Gilgen Wassermahen Horwurtz Horftang in Brabant Plompen and witte Plompen The second kinde is called in Latine Nymphaea lutea and Nenuphar citrinum in English Yellow Nenuphar or Water Lillie in Italian Nenuphar giallo in Spanish Figuos del Rio amarillos Golfan Amarillo in French Nenuphar iaulne or Iaulne d'eaué The floure thereof as Dioscorides wryteth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blephara †The Nature Both sortes of Nenuphar and specially the roote are in temperature colde and dry without any acrimonie or sharpnesse †The Vertues The roote or seede of the white water Lillie boyled in wine and dronkē is good for them that haue the laske the blouddie flixe and Tenaūne whiche is a desire to go often to the stoole and may do nothing The same roote boyled in white wine cureth the diseases of the Milte and Bladder The roote seede of the white water Lillie are very good agaynst Venus or fleshly desires if one drinke the Decoction thereof or vse the pouder of the saide seede and roote in meates for it dryeth vp the seede of generation and so causeth to liue in chastitie The same propertie is in the roote as Plinie writeth if it be brused and applied outwardly to the secrete partes The Conserue of the floures therof is also very good for all the aforesayd disseases moreouer it is good against hoate burning feuers the head ache it causeth sweete and quiet sleepe and putteth away all venereous dreames The roote thereof brused or stamped is good to be layde to the payne and inflammation of the stomacke and the bladder The same roote pounde with water taketh away all the spottes of the skin whan it is rubbed therewithall and being mengled with Tarre it cureth the naughtie scurffe of the head The roote of water Lillie being yet greene pound layde vpon woundes doth stanche the bloud as Theoplirastus writeth The roote of yellow water Lillie boyled in thicke redde wine and dronken stoppeth the inordinate course of the floures especially the white fluxe Of Chamomill Chap. xxix †The Kyndes CAmomill as Dioscorides and other of the Auncients haue written is of three sortes The one hath white floures The other hath yellow floures And the third whiche is the greatest of the three hath floures betwixt redde purple Yet at this time there be diuers other sortes found and first there be two sortes of Chamomill which are very sweete and of strōg sauour called Romaine Camomill The one hath white floures the other yellow and bysides these there be others whiche do for the moste parte growe in deserte places and therefore we haue named them Camomill of the Forest or wildernesse †The Description THe first kinde of Camomill hath diuers long rounde stalkes creeping alongst the grounde and taking roote in diuers places very seldome growing higher than ones hande It hath diuers small tender leaues very small cut or finely iagged The second kinde is much like vnto the first sauing his leaues be smaller his floures be nothing else but certayne yellow buttons like the middle of the floures of the other Camomill without any small leaues growing about it as ye may perceyue by the figure but otherwise it is like to the first Camomill Of the number of these two kindes there is yet an other which hath small yellow leaues growing rounde aboute the small yellow knoppes or buttons and are altogither like to the first in leaues sauour and fasshion sauing his floures be altogither yellow These two kindes of Camomil that is to say the white the yellow haue a very pleasant sauour like the smell of a Cytron whereof they firste tooke their name in Greeke Chamaemelum Chamaemelum leucanthemum White Romaine Camomill Chamaemelum chrysantemum Yellow Romaine Camomill The third kinde of Camomill which beareth red purple floures groweth higher than the two others is not yet knowen vnto vs except it be that floure whiche some call flos Adonis and other Anemone †The Place None of the sweete Romaine Camomils groweth in this countrie of their owne kindes but are planted in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes and are come hither as strangers †The Tyme These Camomils do floure in Iune Iuly sometimes also sooner They last all the winter and may very well abide the colde †The Names The Camomill is also called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaemelum and as Apuleius writeth Benè olens at this day Camomilla in English Camomill in French Camomille in Douch Camille The first kind of sweete Camomill with the white floure is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaemelum album in base Almaigne Roomsche Camille in English white Camomill in French Camomille blanche The second kinde of sweete smelling Camomill with the yellow floure is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chrysanthemum and Chamaemelum luteum in English Yelow Camomill in French Camomille iaulne in Douch geele Roomsche Camille The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eranthemum and Chamaemelum purpureum It may be called in English Purple Camomill in French Camomille à fleur purpurée in Douch Roode Camille †The Temperament The Camomill especially the white is hoate and dry in the first degree and hath power to dissolue make subtill But the Romaine Camomils are hoater and more drying †The Vertues The Decoction of the floures herbe and roote of Camomill being dronken causeth women to haue their termes driueth foorth of the belly the dead frute prouoketh vrine breaketh the stoone It is of the like vertue if one do bathe in a bath of the same Decoction The floures and herbe of Camomill boyled in wine and dronken driueth forth windinesse and cureth the cholicke that is to say the paine in the bowels and bellie Camomill taken in the same sorte doth purge beautifie those that haue an euill colour remayning after the Iaunders and cureth them that haue any greefe or impediment of the liuer Camomill pound with his floures
with a decoction thereof made in water It is also good against the Suffocations of the Matrix if you giue it to be eaten or smelt too and it is of like vertue to Castorium as the learned writers of our time haue found out by experience The operation and vertues of the two others are not yet knowen but accordingly as one may iudge they are in facultie not muche vnlike the Camomils sauing that they be altogither feebler Some do write that golden Cotula boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaunders and restoreth the good liuely colour whiche is a signe that it is of like vertue vnto Camomill for Camomil worketh the same as we haue declared in the former Chapter Of Passe floure / or fiedde Mathes Chap. xxxi †The Description THis herbe hath thicke greene stalkes and leaues very small cutte and iagged much like bothe in stalkes and leaues and also in smell and sauour vnto Cotula foetida The floure is of a fayre purple red colour of fasshion and making like vnto the golde cup or the floure of Crowfoote whan they are past there come vp roūd rough knops like the knops of Crowfoote but somwhat longer wherein is the seede like to Spinache seede †The Place These fayre pleasant floures grow in some places in the cōmon corne fields as in Prouence and Languedoc and in some places of England in some countries they grow not but in gardens †The Tyme This herbe beginneth to floure in May and remayneth flouring all the Somer Heranthemum forte †The Names The stalkes leaues with the whole herbe that beareth these floures which is like vnto some of the Camomilles in sauour smell and proportion are sufficient enough to proue this herbe to be a kinde of Camomill and especially the thirde kinde called Heranthemum the floures onely whiche are not very like vnto Camomill floures causeth me to doubt For if the floures were like fasshioned vnto Camomill I would without doubte mayntayne this herbe to be the thirde kinde of Camomill which is the true Heranthemum whiche Dioscorides describeth to be greater than the two other kindes to haue a purple floure vnto whiche description this herbe draweth neare sauing only in the fasshion of his floure For the whole plant is greater and higher then Camomill but otherwise very like it and the floures be of a fayre purple red colour But whatsoeuer this herbe is it is better like to be the thirde kinde of Camomill than Consolida regia whiche we call Larckes spurre is or Aster Atticus whiche we call Sharewurte which haue bene both described of some writers for this kinde of Camomill although they were nothing like Camomill neyther in their leaues floures nor smell and they beare not redde floures but blew whiche is against the description of Heranthemum whose floures as it is aboue sayde Dioscorides writeth to be of a red purple colour Wherefore this herbe may better be called Heranthemum then either Larckes spur or Shareworte it may be called in English purple Camomill Redde Mathes and Passe floure it is also called in French Passe fleur the Brabanders call it Bruynettekens Some would haue it to be flos Adonis but their opinion seemeth not to be very likely bycause that Flos Adonis should seeme to be none other then a kind of Anemone †The Temperament The taste and smell of this herbe doth manifestly declare it to be of complexion hoate and drie like the Camomill but chiefly like to Cotula foetida †The Vertues The vertues and operation of this herbe are yet vnknowen vnto vs but if this herbe be Heranthemum it is singuler against the stoone as we haue alreadie written in the xxix Chapter of this Booke Of Buphthalmos / or Oxe eye Chap. xxxij ⧠The Description BUphthalmos is a braue plante with pleasant floures stems of a span or a halfe cubite long it hath three or foure stalkes set with tender leaues very small cut and iagged not muche vnlike vnto Fenell leaues but a great deale smaller and very well like to the leaues of the smal Sothrenwood sauing they be greener The floure is of a fayre bright yellow colour and large with many small thrommes or yellow thredes in the middle almost like to the floures of Marigoldes sauing they be much larger haue not so many small leaues set round about the golden knops or yellow heades The floure perisshed there commeth in steede thereof a rounde knop almost like the sedie knop of Passe floure the roote is blacke very thredie †The Place This herbe as witnesseth Dioscorides groweth in the fieldes without the towne in this countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens Buphthalmum ⧠The Tyme It beareth his floures in Marche and Aprill †The Names This herbe bycause of his floures whiche be of the quantitie and fashion of an Oxe eye is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buphthalmum Oculus bouis in high Douch Rindszaug Kuaug in base Almaigne Rundsooge and Coeooghe some call it also Cachla Cauta or Caltha This is the right Oxe eye described by Dioscorides In certayne places the Apothecaries do sell and vse the rootes of this plant in steede of the roote of blacke Hellebor and from hence it cōmeth that certaine studious Herboristes haue called this plant Helleborum nigrum and do count it for a very naughtie and vehement plante howbeit that of it selfe it hath not in it any speciall malice or force neither will it prouoke the stoole as some haue proued by experience Therfore some haue called it Helleborine tenuifolia some others call it Helleborastrum or Consiligo wherevnto it is nothing like †The Temperament Buphthalmos or Oxe eye is hoate and dry of a more sharper and cutting nature than Camomill †The Vertues The floures of Buphthalmos pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe layde to colde and harde swellings dissolueth and wasteth the same Some do affirme as witnesseth Dioscorides and Serapio that Buphthalmos or Oxe eye cureth the Iaunders causeth the body to be of good colour if one drinke it boyled in wine after his comming out of a bath Of Goldenfloure / or the wild Marygolde Chap. xxxiij †The Description THis herbe hath rounde smooth stēs diuided into many branches The leaues be long and deepely iagged round about as if they were rent or torne The floures grow at the top of the branches in fasshion like the floures of Camomill but they be a great deale larger and not only yellow like fine gold in the middle but also round about and of a pleasant smell The roote is white and threddie There is yet an other kinde of this herde in all things like to the same as in his stalkes colour floures sauour and fasshion but his leaues be a great deale more deepely cut and iagged euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinew The which I thought good to note to the ende that
but not so strong †The Vertues Masterworte is not onely good agaynst al Poyson but also it is singuler agaynst all corrupt and noughtie ayre and infection of the Pestilence if it be dronken with wine and the same roote pounde by it selfe or with his leaues doth dissolue and cure Pestilential Carboncles and Botches and suche other apostumations and swellinges being applyed therto The roote thereof dronken in wine cureth the extreme and rigorous fittes of olde feuers and the Dropsie and it prouoketh swet The same taken in manner aforesayde comforteth and strengtheneth the stomacke helpeth digestion restoreth the appetite and dissolueth the ventositie and blasting of the flankes and belly It helpeth greatly such as haue taken great squattes brusis or falles from aloft and are sore hurt and inwardly bursten for it cureth the hurtes and dissolueth and scattereth the blood that is astonyed and clotted or congeled within the body The same roote pounde with his leaues is very good to be layde to the bytinges of madde Dogges and to all the bytinges and stinginges of Serpentes and suche lyke venimous beastes The wilde Imperatoria or herbe Gerarde pounde and layde vppon suche members or partes of the body as are troubled and vexed with the gowte swageth the payne and taketh away the swelling And as it hath ben proued in sundrie places it cureth the Hemorrhoides if the fundement or siege be fomented or bathed with the decoction thereof Of Ferula Chap. cx ⧠The Description THE leaues of Ferula are great and large and spreade abroade and cut into very small threddes or heares lyke Fenell but a great deale bigger The stalke or stem is thicke ioyntie and very long in the toppes of the stalkes groweth great round spokie tuffetes bearing first yellowe flowres and afterward long broade and blacke seede almost as large as the seede of Melones or Pepones The roote is thicke and white and groweth deepe in the grounde or in the ioyntes or cliftes and Choppes of Cleeffes and Rockes There is also founde an other kinde of this Ferula but his leaues are not so smally cut and vnderneath they be white or of a grayshe colour but otherwyse they be as large as the other the seede is also lesse but in proportion lyke the other †The Place These Ferulas do growe in Grece and Italie and other hoate regions but they are strange in this Countrey and Flaunders Ferula †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ferula The other is also a kinde of Ferula and is counted of some to be a certayne Ferulago The whiche of Theophrastus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature There is no peculier or special vse of these Ferulas sauing that the liquor or gummes that floweth out of them as Sagapenum Ammoniacum and Galbanum are vsed in medicine wherefore their nature and vertue shal be described in the Chapters folowing To the Reader COnsidering welbeloued Reader that we haue written in the Chapters going before of some herbes out of the whiche flowe very costly sappes or gummes geathered dried and preserued the which are greatly vsed in Medicines and Surgerie especially as the sappe of Panax the whiche is called Opopanax and the sappe of Laserpitium the whiche is named Laser whiche in farre Countries do flowe out of the same herbes and are brought into this Countrey into all partes of Christendome of whose strength and vertue we haue not written therefore haue we in the ende of this part for a conclusion finishing of the same written of the nature and vertue of the same gummes And not onely of the gummes flowing out of the herbes aboue rehearsed but also of gummes and sappes flowing out of herbes or thereof made the whiche commonly we finde at the Apothecaries and are vsed in Medicines although that the herbes bicause they are not knowen in Christendome are not writtē or spoken of by vs omitting the sappes and gummes whiche flowe out of wooddes and trees as Rosin Pitche Turpentine and suche lyke we wyll write of the historie of wooddes and trees And in the description of these gummes and sappes we wyll folowe the learning of the Auncientes as Dioscorides Galen Plinie c. Declaring their names as they are called by the sayd Auncientes in Greeke and in Latine by the whiche they are nowe at this time knowen to the Apothecaries like as we haue yet hitherto done and written in the historie of herbes Of Opopanax Chap. cxi OPopanax is the gumme or sappe of the first kinde of Panaces called Heracleoticum as Dioscorides writeth it floweth out of the roote and stalke of Panaces as they shal be hurt or cut and the sappe when it is yet fresh and first flowen out is white and when it is drie it is altogyther yellowe lyke that which is coloured with Saffron And the best of this sappe or gumme is that same whiche on the outsyde is yelowe and within whitish for that is yet fresh †The Names The gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Opopanax and of the Apothecaries Opopanacum in Englishe Opopanax †The Nature Opopanax is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues Opopanax is very good against the colde shiuerings and brusing of Agues the payne and griefe of the syde the gnawing griping payne of the bowelles or guttes the Strangurie and for them that are squatte or bruysed within by occasion of falling if it be dronken with Meade or Honied water And to be taken in the same manner or with wine it cureth the inwarde scuruinesse or hurt of the bladder Opopanax as Mesue writeth taken the waight of two drammes or lesse pourgeth by siege the flegme and colde tough clammie and slymie humours drawing the same from partes farre of as frō the head the sinewes ioyntes Moreouer it is very good against al colde diseases of the brayne and sinewes as the Crampe and Paulsie c. The same taken in the like manner and quantitie doth mundifie and scoure the breast and is good for Asthmatique people and for them that are troubled with the shortnesse of winde or breath and with an olde dangerous cough It cureth also the hardnesse and other mishappes of the melt or splene and Dropsie if it be tempered or fliped in muste and dronken Opopanax doth scatter soften resolue al hard cold swelling or tumours being stieped in vineger and applyed or layde therto It is good to be layde to the Sciatica whiche is the gowt in the hippe or huckle bone and it easeth the payne of the gowt of the legges and feete beyng layde therevpon with the substance or pulpe of dried Raysons The same mingled with Hony and put in vnder in manner of a Pessarie or mother suppositorie prouoketh the flowres driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruite dispatcheth the ventositie of the Matrix or mother and cureth all hardnesse of the same Opopanax being layde
and Franckencense And they make thereof an Electuarie with Pepper Ginger and the leaues of Rue pounde togyther with hony the which is called Antidotum ex succo Cyreniaco the whiche is a singuler medicine against Feuer Quartaynes It is good against the bytinges of al venimous beastes and venimous shot of dartes and arrowes to be taken inwardly and applied outwardly vpon the woundes It is also very profitable layde to all woundes and bytinges of Dogges and other madde beastes and vpon the stinging Scorpions It quickeneth the sight and taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eyes at the first comming of the same if it be straked vpon them with hony Dioscorides saith that if it be put into the hollownesse of corrupt noughty teeth it taketh away the ache and payne of them but Plinie bringeth agaynst the same the experience of a certayne man who hauing tried the same for the extreame rigour anguishe he felt after that medicine threw him selfe downe headlong from aloft Neuerthelesse if it be wrapped with Frankencense in a fine linnen cloute and holden vpon the teeth it cureth the ache of the same or els the Decoction thereof with figges and hysope boyled togyther in water and holden or kept in the mouth Being layde to with hony it stayeth the vuula and cureth the Squinance if it be gargled with Hydromell or Mede and if it be gargled with vineger and kept in the mouth it will cause the Horseleaches or Loughleaches to fall of which happen to cleaue fast in the throote or wesande of any man It breaketh Pestilentiall Impostemes and Carboncles being layd thereto with Rue Niter hony after the same manner it taketh away Cornes when that they haue ben scarrified rounde about with a fine knife Being layd to with Copperous Verdigris it taketh away al superfluous outgrowinges of flesh and the Polypus growing in the Nosthrilles and all scuruie manginesse and layde to with vineger Pepper and wine it cureth the noughtie scurffe of the head and the falling of of heare If it be boyled in vineger with the pil of the Pomegarnet it taketh away al outgrowinges which chaunce in the fundement Against kybed heeles they first bathe the heeles or feete with wine than they annoynt the kybes with this gumme boyled in oyle The stinking gumme called Assa foetida is good for al purposes aforesayde howbeit it is not so good as the Laser of Cyrene yet it is very good to smell vnto or to be layd vpon the Nauell against the choking or rising vp of the mother They vse Benzoin in steede of Laser Cyrenaicum for all the purposes aforesayde that be attributed vnto sweete Laser †The Choyse The best Laser is that which is reddish cleare and bright and sauering like Myrrhe not greenish and of a good and pleasant smel the which being dissolued waxeth white Of Sagapenum Chap. cxiij SAgapenum the is sap or gumme of a kinde of Ferula or Kix like vnto Panax growing in Media altogyther vnprofitable sauing for that gumme or liquor that is drawen out of it And the best is that which as Mesue sayth doth melt by and by in the water and sauereth like garlike or betwixt Laser and Galbanum as Dioscorides saith whiche is sharpe and cleare of a yellowishe colour without and white within †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sagapenum and Sagapeniū of Plinie Sacopenium of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Sagapeni Succus They call it in shoppes Serapinum †The Nature Sagapenum is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues Sagapenum taken the waight of a dram purgeth by siege tough slymie humours and al grosse flegme and choler Also it is good against al olde cold diseases that are harde to cure it purgeth the brayne and is very good against all the diseases of the head and against the Apoplexie and Epilepsie To be taken in the same sorte it is good against Crampes Paulsies shrinkinges and paynes of the sinewes It is good against the shortnesse of breath the colde long and olde cough the paynes in the side and breast for it doth mundifie and clense the breast of al cold mentes or flegme It doth also cure the hardnesse stoppinges and windinesse of the melte or splene not onely taken inwardly but also to be applyed outwardly in oyntplaysters It is good against the shakinges and brusinges of olde and colde Feuers If Sagapenum be dronken with honyed water it prouoketh the flowers and deliuereth the dead Childe And to be taken with wine it is of great force against the bytinges and stinginges of all venimous beastes The sente or fauour of this gumme is very good against the strangling or vprising of the mother Sagapenum soked or stieped in vineger scattereth dissolueth and putteth cleane away all harde olde colde swellinges tumoures Botches and harde lumpes growing about the ioyntes And it is good to be be mingled amongst all oyntmentes and emplaysters that are made to mollifie and soften It cleareth the sight at the beginning it taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eye al spottes or blottes in the same if it be dropped into the eyes with the iuyce of Rue it is also good agaynst the bloodshoting and dinnesse of the same which commeth by the occasion of grosse humors Of Galbanum Chap. cxiiii GAlbanum is also a gumme or liquor drawen foorth of a kinde of Ferula in Syria called Metopium And the best is gristel or betwixt hard and soft very pure fat close and firme without any stickes or splinters of wood amongst the same sauing a fewe seedes of Ferula of a strong sauour not moyst nor to drye †The Place The plant out of which Galbanum floweth groweth vpon the mountayne Amanus in Syria †The Names Plinie calleth y◠plant out of which Galbanū floweth in Latine Stagonitis The liquor or gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Galbanum of some also Metopium †The Nature Galbanum is hoate almost in the third degree drie almost in the seconde ⧠The Vertues Galbanum is good against an olde cough and for such as are short winded and cannot easily drawe their breath but are alwayes panting and breathing It is very good for such as are broken and brused within against Crampes and shrinking of sinewes The same dronken in wine with Myrrhe is good against al venome dronken or shot into the body with venimous Dartes Shaftes or Arrowes To be taken in the same manner it prouoketh the termes and deliuereth the dead childe It hath the same vertue if it be conueyed into the secrete place or if a perfume therof be receiued at the place cōuenient and if the quantitie of a beane thereof be taken in a glasse of wine it helpeth against the payneful trauell of women as Plinie sayth The parfume or sent thereof driueth away Serpentes frō the
place where as it is burned no venimous beastes haue power to hurt such as be annoynted with Galbanum and those venimous beastes or SerpeÌ„tes as be touched with Galbanum mingled with oyle and the seede or roote or Spondilium or Angelica it will cause them to dye The parfume of Galbanum doth also helpe wemen that are greeued with the rising or strangling of the mother and them that haue the falling sicknesse and being layde to the nauel it causeth the Matrix or mother that is remoued from his naturall place to settel agâ—yne Galbanum doth mollifie and soften and draweth foorth thornes splinters or shiuers and colde humours and it is good to be layd vpon al colde tumors and swellinges and it is mingled with all oyntmentes oyles and emplaysters that haue power or vertue to warme to digest to dissolue to ripe and breake impostemes and to drawe out thornes and splinters It is good to be layde vpon the stoppinges and hardnesse of the melte and against the payne of the syde The same layde to with vineger and Nitrum taketh away the spottes and freckles of the face and from other partes of body If it be put into the holowe and naughtie tooth it taketh away the ache of the same It is good to be poured into the eares with the oyle of roses or Nardus agaynst the corrupt filth and matter of the same Of Ammoniacum Chap. cxv AMmoniacum is the gumme or liquor of a kinde of Ferula whiche is called Agasyllis as Dioscorides saith growing in the Countrie of Cyrene in Aphrica nigh to the Oracle of Ammon in Lybia whereof it is called Ammoniacum as some thinke The best Ammoniacum as Dioscorides writeth is that whiche is close or firme pure and without shardes splinters or stonie gristels or grauell and without any other baggage intermeddled with the same of a bitter taste drawing towardes the sauour of Castoreum and it is almost lyke the right Frankenesence in small peeces and gobbetes †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke after the name of the Temple of Ammon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ammoniacum in Shoppes Armoniacum and Gummi Armoniacum The best and purest of this gumme or liquor is called Thrausma as Dioscorides saith that is to say Friatura in Latine That which is full of earth and grauell is called Phyrama †The Nature Ammoniacum is hoate in the second degree almost drie in the same degree †The Vertues Ammoniacum taken the waight of a Dram loseth the belly and driueth foorth colde slymie flegme drawing the same to it from partes a farre of also it is good against the shortnesse of breath and for such as are Astmatique and alwayes panting and breathing and against the stoppinges of the breast the falling sicknesse the gowt the payne of the hanche or huckle bone called the Sciatica against the olde head ache and diseases of the brayne the sinewes and extreame partes It doth mundifie and clense the breast it rypeth flegme causeth the same to be easily spet out to be mingled with hony and lickt as a Lohoc or taken with the decoction of hulled Barley It is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Spleene or Milte it deliuereth the dead Childe and prouoketh vrine but there must be but a little of it taken at once for if it be taken in to great a quantitie or to ofteÌ„ it wil cause one to pisse blood It cureth all swellinges and hardnesse it slaketh the payne of the liuer and Splene being stieped in vineger and spread or layde vpon the place If it be mingled with hony or pitch and layd to it dissolueth harde lumpes or swellinges and taketh away Tophi whiche be harde tumoures engendred of the gowte in the ioyntes and extreme partes it consumeth also all colde tumours and Scirrhus matter being layde vpon And it is very good to be put into al oyntmentes and playsters that are made to chafe and warme to swage payne to soften and drawe It is good to be layde to the Sciatica or gowt of the hippe and vppon all payne and wearinesse of any parte with the oyle of Cyprus and Nitrum Ammoniacum is good to be put into Colyria and all Medicines that are made to cleare the sight medicines that are made to take away the dimnesse and webbe of the eyes Of Euphorbium Chap. xvi FVphorbium is the gumme or teare of a certayne strange plante growing in Lybia on the mount Athlante or Athlas next to the Countrie of Mauritania nowe called Morisco or of the Moores And it was first founde out in the tyme of Iuba king of Lybia the leafe of this plant is long and rounde almost lyke to the fruit of Cucumer but the endes or corners be sharper set about with many prickles which are somtimes fouÌ„d in the gumme it selfe one of those leaues set in the grounde doth increase and multiply diuers The sappe or liquor that commeth foorth of the sayde leaues burneth or scaldeth and straightwayesit congeleth and becommeth thicke and that is the Euphorbium The first Euphorbium is yellowish cleare brittle very sharpe and burning in the mouth and throte freshe and newe not muche elder then a yere for this gomme doth soone lose much of his heate and vertue by age as Galen and Mesue saith Euphorbium †The Place The Euphorbium described of the Auncientes groweth vppon the mount Athlas in the Countrie of Lybia bordering vpon Mauritania it groweth also in Africa and Iudea from whence it hath ben conueyed into certayne places of Spayne Fraunce Italie where as it bringeth foorth neyther floures nor fruit Pena hath seene it growing at Marselles and Monspellier in France where as he saw the floures and tasted of the fruite †The Tyme It putteth vp his leaues in the spring time whereof the first the second and the thirde is the stalke or stem and the rest growe foorth as branches and whan the plant is seuen or eyght yeeres olde it bringeth foorth yellow floures like in proportion to Balaustia and in Autumne the fruit is ripe of colour red and prickley c. †The Names This gumme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Euphorbium in shoppes Euforbium some call it Carduus Indicus and Ficus Indica that is to say the Thistell or figge of India some take it to be Opuntia Plinij This EuphorbiuÌ„ should seeme to be that wherof Solinus hath made mention in the xxvii Chap. of his Historie wheras he saith Proficere ad oculorum claritatem Et multiplex sanitatis praesidium fore ac non mediocriter percellere vim venenorum It is also the Euphorbium described by Iohn Leo in his African historie †The cause of the Name Iuba king of Lybia was the first finder out of this herbe and named it after the name of his Physition the brother of Musa who was also a Physition to the Emperour Auguste †The Nature Euphorbium is very hoate and drie almost
proportion of larkes spurre but muche smaller and of Carnation or a light redde purple colour and oftentimes white and growing meetly thicke togyther After the flowers there coÌ„meth certaine huskes or coddes in which is the seede whiche is rounde and blacke The roote of one of these kindes is all rounde and firme yellowe within and couered ouer with a blackishe pyll or skinne The roote of the other is most commonly long growen like a peare holowe both vnderneath and within †The Place These rootes growe by olde quicke set hedges and bushes in the borders of feeldes and in the pendant and hanging of hilles and mountaynes The smaller roote whiche is not hollowe is founde in certayne places of Brabant by Louaigne The greater whiche is also holow groweth in Germany wheras the one groweth the other groweth not at all so that ye shal neuer finde the full roote growing with the holowe roote nor the holowe roote growing by the full roote †The Tyme This herbe springeth betimes and bringeth foorth his stalkes and leaues in Februarie and flowreth in Marche and deliuereth his seede in April afterwardes the herbe fadeth so that nothing of him remayneth sauing the roote vnder grounde †The Names The roote whiche is holowe within is called in Germanie Holwurtz that is to say in English Holowe roote or Holewurt in Frenche Racine creuse in Brabant Hoolwortele that is to say in Latine Radix caua The other whiche is full close and firme is called in Brabant BoonkeÌ„s Holwortel Radix caua maior The great Holewurt Radix caua minor The small Holewurt This roote especially that whiche is holowe hath ben of long time vsed in the Shoppes of this Countrey for rounde Aristolochia it is so taken yet of some ignorant Apothecaries Some of the learned do thinke this herbe to be the Pistolochia described of Plinie Others woulde haue it to be a kinde of fumetorie caled Capnos Phragmites and some thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thesium Theophrasti Some also thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eriphiam Plinij and it seemeth to be somewhat lyke Eriphya that is written with y bycause it is founde in the spring time onely and therefore it may be well called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Planta veris. †The Nature Holeworte is hoate and dry in the seconde degree †The Vertues Holeworte cureth the Squinancie and olde tumoures or swelling of the throte or kernelles and Almondes of the same if one gargle or wash his mouth with the decoction of the same roote boyled in water onely or vineger for it hath power to cut and consume grosse humours It is also good agaynst the tumoures and inflammations of the vuula to be kept in the mouth and chewed vppon or the powder of the same layde thereto The same mingled with Vnguentum Populion nigrum or with some other of the same nature is good to waste and consume the HÄ™mÄ™roydes or piles and to swage the paynes of the same Of Swallowurte or Vincetoxicum Chap. iij. †The Description ASclepias is somewhat lyke the third kinde of Aristolochia in stalkes and leaues his stalkes be smothe rounde and small about two foote long with blackish leaues not much vnlyke Iuye leaues sauing they be longer sharper poynted The flowers growe vpon small stemmes betwixt the leaues of a pale or bleake white colour and sometime eyellowish and also blacke of a certayne strong sweetish sauour after them commeth long sharpe-poynted huskes or coddes the which do opeÌ„ of themselues whan they are ripe and within them is conteined seede lapped as it were in a certaine white wooll the whiche seede is reddish and broade not muche vnlyke the seede of Gentian The rootes be long round as it were small round threddie stringes or laces enterlaced one with another almost lyke the rootes of blacke Hellebor or Oxe heele and of a rancke sauour †The Place Asclepias groweth in rough high grauely and Stonie mountaynes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Asclepias of some it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hederuncula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Hederae folium and nowe it is called Hirundinaria and VincetoxicuÌ„ in Germanie Schwalben wurtzel in Brabant Swaluwe wortele we may call it in English Asclepias VincetoxicuÌ„ Swallowurt Asclepias †The cause of his first Name This herbe tooke his name of the Ancient father Esculapius which was called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whom both the Greekes and Gentils say that he was the first that found out Physicke wherefore they honoured him as a God †The Nature The rootes of Asclepias are hoate and drie and resist poyson †The Vertues The roote of this Herbe boyled in water and dronken slaketh the gryping paynes of the belly is very good for suche as are bitten of venimous beastes and madde Dogges not onely to be giuen to drinke inwardly with wine but also if the leaues be applyed outwardly The leaues of Asclepias pounde and layde to are good agaynst the malignant vlcers and corrupt sores both of the breastes and Matrix or mother Of Periploca Chap. iiij †The Kyndes THere are two sortes of Periploca wherof one hath no surname the other is called Periploca repens Periploca prior The first Periploca Periploca altera The seconde Periploca †The Description THE first Periploca is many wayes like vnâ—… Swallowurt or Asclepias but his leaues be somewhat larger and greater his little stalkes or branches are longer his huskes or coddes allâ— are longer and thicker and his rootes are like threddie stringes creeping on the grounde The other hath longer and larger leaues his stalkes and braunches are thicker and harder they perishe not in winter as the first do and his huskes or coddes are also greater Both these herbes beyng scarrified or hurt do giue foorth a milkie iuyce or liquor and specially the last for the iuyce of the first is oftentimes yellowish †The Place These plantes growe in Syria and suche lyke hoate regions they do not lightly beare their huskes in Brabant †The Names They are both called Periplocae and the second is called Periplocca repens both are thought to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apocynon of Dioscorides the whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Brassica Canina yet there is another Brassica canina a kind of wilde Mercurie ⧠The Nature and Vertues Apocynon is a deadly and hurtful plant not onely to man but also to cattel his leaues mixt with meale and tempered or made into bread it destroyeth Dogges Wolues and Foxes and other suche beastes that eate thereof Of Asarabacca Chap. v. †The Description ASarabacca hath swart greene rounde shining leaues lyke Iuye but a great dealerounder and tenderer in and amongst those leaues next the grounde growe the
of that it tooke his name †The Place Rosewurt or the roote sauering like the Rose groweth in Macedonia and Hungarie in this Countrie the Herboristes do plante it in their gardens †The Tyme It floureth in May but it beareth flower very seldome †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Radix Rhodia Radix rosata in Frenche Racine sentant les roses in high Douche Rosenwurtz in base Almaigne Rosenwortel in Englishe Rosewurt or the roote sauouring of the Rose †The Nature The roote which smelleth like the rose especially of that sorte whiche groweth in Macedonia is hoate in the second degree and of subtile and fine partes Rhodia radix Rosewurt †The Vertues The roote Rhodia layde to the temples of the forehead with oyle of roses alayeth head ache Of bastard Pelitory or Gartram Chap. xix †The Description PElitory hath leaues muche lyke to fenil al finely cut or hackt The flowers are yellow in the midle set round about with little white leaues somewhat blew vnder like the flowers of Camomil or lyke the flowers of the great dasie The roote is long and straight somtimes as byg as a finger hoate and burning the tongue †The Place This herbe is not founde growing of him selfe in this Countrie but it is found planted in the gardens of certayne Herhoristes †The Tyme Pelitory flowreth after May vntyl the end of somer in which season the seede is rype †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Saliuaris in shops Pyrethrū of some also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Frenche Pyrethre or Pied d' Alexandre in high Douch Bertrā Albeit mine Author setteth foorth this herbe for Pyrethro yet it is not aunswerable vnto Dioscorides Pyrethrum or Saliuarem wherfore I thinke we may wel cal it bastard Pelitory or Bertram Pyrethrum Bartram †The Nature The roote of Pyrethre is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Pelitory taken with hony is good agaynst the falling sicknes the Apoplexie the long and olde diseases of the head and against all colde diseases of the brayne The same holden in the mouth chewed draweth foorth great quantitie of waterish fleme The same sodden in vineger kept warme in the mouth doth mitigate and alay the tooth ache The Oyle wherein Pellitory hath ben boyled is good to annoynt the body to cause a man swet and is excellent good for any place of the body that is brused and shaken for colde and for members that are benummed or foundered and for such as are striken with the Palsie Of wilde Pelitory Chap. xx †The Description WIlde Pellitory hath round brittle branches the leaves be long narrow hackt round about like a Saw at the highest of the stalke grow flowers like the flowers of Camomil yellow in the midle set round about with smal white leaues the roote is tender ful of threds the whole herbe is sharpe biting almost in tast like Pellitory of Spayne for that cause men cal it also wild Pellitory †The Place Wilde Pellitory is founde about the borders of feeldes in high medowes and shadowy places somtimes vpon mountaynes and stony places †The Tyme This Pellitory flowreth from Maye vntyll September †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Pyrethrum syluestre that is to say Wylde Pellitory in Frenche Pyrethre sauuage in Douche Wilden Bertram of some Weisz Reinfahrn that is to say White Tansie This is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ptarmice or Sternumentaria but another herbe vnknowen of the Incientes ⧠The Nature This herbe is hoate and drye †The Vertues This herbe holden in the mouth and chewed bringeth lykewise frō the brayne flymie fleme almost as mightily as Pelitory of Spayne it is very good against the tooth ache It is also good in Sallades as Tarragon and Roquet whereof shal be written in the fifth booke Pyrethrum syluestre Wilde Pellitory Of false Dictam Chap. xxi †The Description THis herbe is lyke to Lentiscus or Lycoras in branches and leaues it beareth rounde blackish and rough stalkes and leaues displayed and spread lyke Lycoras at the top of the stalkes growe fayre flowers somewhat turning towarde blew the whiche on the vpper part or healf-deale hath foure or fyue leaues and in the lower or neather of the same flower it hath smal long threddes crooking and hanging downe almost lyke a bearde The flowers perished there commeth in the place of eche flower foure or fiue coddes something rough without and slymie to be handled and of a strong sauour almost smelling lyke a Goate in the which is conteined a blacke playne shining seede The rootes be long and white sometyme as thicke as a finger and do growe a thwart one another ¶ The Place It groweth in the I le of Candie as Dioscorides writeth in this Countrie it is founde in the gardens of certayne Herboristes ¶ The Tyme It flowreth in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly and sometymes the seede commeth to rypenesse ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragium and is the first kind or Tragium described by Dioscorides Some herboristes cal it Fraxinella and some Apothecaries do vse the roote of it in steede of Dyctam and do call it Dyptamum not without great errour and therfore it is called of some Pseudodictamum nothum that is to say Bastarde or false Dictam ¶ The Nature Tragium is almost hoate in the third degree and of subtil partes †The Vertues The seede of Tragium taken to the quantitie of a dragme is good agaynst the strangurie it prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone in the bladder bringeth it foorth and it moueth the termes or flowers of women The lyke vertue hath the leaues and iuyce to be taken after the same sorte and being layde to outwardly it draweth out thornes and splinters The roote taken with a little Rheubarbe killeth driueth forth wormes is very singuler of excellent vertue agaynst the same as men in these dayes haue proued by experience It is sayde also as recordeth Dioscorides that the wilde Goates whan they be stroken with darts or arrowes by the eating of this herbe do cause the same to fall from out of their bodyes aswell as if they had eaten of the ryght Dyctam And it is possible that for the same cause this herbe was first taken in shoppes in steede of the right Dyctam Tragium Of Polemonium Chap. xxij̄ †The Description POlemonium hath tender stalkes with ioyntes the leaues are meetely brode alwaies two set at euery ioynt one against another at the highest of the stalkes groweth white flowers hanging downewarde and ioyning one to another lyke a tuttay or little nosegaye after whiche flowers there commeth blacke seede inclosed in rounde huskes The roote is white playne and long Yet there is an other herbe taken for Polemonium whiche
flowers growe vp after the leaues and stalke are perished vpō short stemmes or stalkes lyke the flowers of Saffron The roote is round broade aboue and narrow beneath white sweete couered with many coates or felmes hauing by one syde right in the midle as it were a clift or parting where as the stalke bearing the flowre groweth The roote being dryed becommeth blacke There is also to be seene in Shoppes litle white rounde rootes the whiche they call Hermodactils in fashion partly lyke the aforesayde but that they be more flatte and haue no diuision in the middle as the abouesayde but what flowers and leaues they haue Mesue hath not left vs in writing †The Place Medowe Saffron as Dioscorides sayth groweth in Messenia and in the I le of Colchis whereas it tooke his first name It is also found in this Countrie in fat medowes and great store of it is found about Viluorde and about Bath in Englande †The Tyme The leaues of Medow Saffron come foorth in March and April the feede is rype in Iune in Iuly the leaues and stalke do perishe And in September the pleasant flowers come forth of the grounde †The Names The kinde of Hermodactil here figured is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some in Latine Agrestis Bulbus in Frenche Tue chien or Mort aux chiens in high Almaigne Zeitlosen Wisen Zeitlosen in base Almaigne of the Herboristes Hermodactilen Turner nameth it Mede Saffron wild Saffron The seconde kinde which is found in Shoppes is called of Paulus Aegineta Mesue Serapio and certayne other auncient Greeke Physitions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hermodactilus and by this name it is knowen in shoppes †The Nature Medow or wilde Saffron is corrupt and venemous therefore not vsed in medicine The seconde Hermodactill is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues That Hermodactil which is vsed in shoppes driueth foorth by siege slymie fleme drawing the same from farre partes and is very good to be vsed against the gowte the Sciatica and all paynes in the ioyntes †The Danger Medow Saffron taken into the body stirreth vp knawing and fretting in all the body as though all the body were rubbed with nettles inflameth the stomacke and hurteth the inwarde partes so that in fine it causeth blooddy excrementes and within the space of one day death The other Hermodactil vsed in Shoppes stirreth vp tossinges wamlings windinesse and vomiting and subuerteth and ouerturneth the stomacke †The Remedie If any man by chaunce haue eaten of wild Saffron the remedie is to drinke a great draught of Cowe mylke as maister Turner hath written If one put to that Hermodactill which is vsed in Shoppes eyther Ginger long Pepper Annys seede or Comin and a litle Mastik so taken it doth not ouerturne the stomacke neyther stirreth vp windinesse Of Lauriel or Lowrye Chap. xxxvi †The Description LAuriel groweth of the heigh of a foote and a halfe or more it hath many tough branches which will not easily breake with wresting or playing couered with a thicke rinde or barke round about the sayde branches but most cōmonly at the top grow many leaues clustering togither thicke and of a blackish colour like in fashion to Baye leaues but not so great the which being chewed in the mouth do chafe and burne the mouth tongue throte exceedingly The flowers grow vpon short stemmes ioyning and vppon the leaues well clustering togither about the stalke of a white greene or herby colour The fruit in the beginning is greene and after being ripe it is blacke almost lyke a Baye berie but lesser The roote is long and of a wooddy substance †The Place Lauriel groweth in rough mountaines amongst wood and is found in the Countrie of Liege and Namure alongest the riuer Meuse in some places of Almaigne It groweth also in many places of Englande †The Tyme It flowreth all bytimes in Februarie the seede is ripe in May. †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Daphnoides in Shoppes Laureola in Frenche and base Almaigne Laureole in high Almaigne Zeilandt in Englishe Lauriell †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the third degree drawing neare to the fourth †The Vertues The leaues of Lauriel open the belly and purge slymie fleme and waterie superfluities are good for suche as haue the Dropsie Like vertue haue fouretene or fiftene of the Beries taken at once for a purgation Daphnoides The leaues of the same holden in the mouth and chewed drawe foorth muche water and fleme from the brayne and put into the nose they cause sneesing †The Danger Lauriel doth vexe and ouerturne the stomacke very muche and inflameth hurteth and burneth the inwarde partes †The Remedie The leaues of Lauriell are corrected and made more apt to be receiued in like manner as Chamelaea Of Mezereon Chap. xxxvij †The Kyndes MEzereon as Auicenne Mesue and Serapio do write is of two sortes whereof one hath broade leaues the other narrowe And is set foorth by the Auncient Greeke Physitions vnder these two names Chamelaea and Thymelaea †The Description CHamelaea is but a lowe plante about the heigth of a foote and a halfe or two foote The stalkes be of a wooddy substance ful of branches the leaues be long narrow and blackish much lyke the leaues of the Olyue tree but smaller At the highest of the stalkes growe little pale or yellowishe flowers and afterward the three-cornered fruite like the Tithymales and Spourge greene at the beginning and red when it is ripe after blackish or browne whan it is drye Chamelaea Wydowayle Thymelaea whereof eache seede is rounde almost lyke a Pepper corne harde and bitter in the beginning and after hoate burning the mouth Thymelea hath many smal springes or branches of the length of a cubite or a cubite and a halfe the leaues are smal lesser and narrower then the leaues of Chamelea and thicker The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the springes or twigges The fruit is greene at the beginning and after red like the Haw or white thorne fruit hauing within it a white kernell couered with a litle blacke skinne very hoate and burning the tong These two plantes do neuer lose their leaues but are alwayes greene both in winter and somer †The Place These plantes do grow in rough vntoyled places about high wayes and are found in some places of France as in Languedock and about Mompelier great store and abundance †The Tyme Chamelea flowreth at the beginning of somer yeldeth his sede in Autumne Thymelea flowreth also in sommer and his fruit is rype in August †The Names The Arabian Physitions do call both these plantes by the name of Mezereon and some call it Rapiens vitam Et faciens Viduas The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamelaea Oleago Oleastellus of some Citocacium and it may be well
herbe that if ye geue to a childe newly borne the iuyce of this herbe that no venom shall after hurt him Of Scammonie Chap. lvi Scammonea Diadrygium †The Description SCammonie is a kinde of Windeweede whiche bringeth foorth many branches from one roote of the length of foure or fiue foote meetely great and thicke hauing leaues triangled and rough not much varying from the leaues of the blacke Bindeweede almost like the leaues of Iuye but more softer The flowers be white and rounde fashioned like a Cup or Bell of a strong and noughtie sauour The roote is long very thicke and of a strong sauour ful of sappe or iuyce the whiche men do gather and drie calling it Scammonium and is of great vse in Physicke ¶ The Place It groweth in Asia Mysia Syria and Iudea but the best commeth from Asia and Mysia †The Names This Bindeweede or Windeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some also as Dioscorides writeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Auncient Romains in Latine Colophonium The iuyce of the roote dryed is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scammonium in Shoppes when it is yet vnprepared Scommonea and whan it is prepared Diagredium or Diagridium †The Nature Scammonie is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The iuyce of Scammonie dried the whiche is called Scammonium as is abouesaid taken to the weight of sixe wheate cornes doth purge downeward vehemently cholerique humours Moreouer it is good against the Iaundise Pleuresie Frensie hoate feuers and agaynst all diseases the which take their originall beginning of hoate and cholerique humours The same layde to with hony and Oyle dissolueth all colde swellinges and with vineger it healeth all spreading scabbes scuruinesse and hardnesse of the skinne Scammonie layde to with oyle of Roses vineger healeth the olde paynes of the head The same with wooll put into the naturall places of women as a Pessus or mother suppositorie prouoketh the flowers and expelleth the secondine and dead childe ⧠The Danger Scammonie that is the iuyce of Scammonium is a very strong violent medicine bringing a number of inconueniences and dangerous euils if it be eyther taken vnprepared or out of due time and place First it ouercommeth and tormenteth the stomacke very muche causing wambling and windinesse in the same Secondarily it doth by heate so chafe the liuer blood that it engendreth feuers in suche as be of a hoate complexion Thirdly it openeth the veynes and hurteth the bowels and inward parts euen to the prouoking of blooddy excrementes And therefore without doubt Scammonie is very hurtfull to the liuer the hart and other inwarde partes †The Correction The first danger is corrected by putting the Scammonie to boyle or digest in a Quince or in the paste of Quinces vntyl the sayd Quinces be very tender and perfectly boyled When the Scammonie is thus prepared it is called Diagredium The second danger is preuented by mixing your Scammonie with some cold iuyce as of roses Psylium or with the substance or pulpe of prunes The third is amended by putting to the Diagredium some Masticke or the iuyce of Quinces Of Dulcamara Chap. lvij †The Description THis plant hath his stalkes and branches smal and tender of a wooddy substance by the which it climeth vp by trees hedges bushes The leaues be long greene not muche differing from the leaues of Iuie but somwhat lesser hauing sometime two eares or two little leaues adioyning to the lowest part of the same leaues like vnto franke Sage The flouers be blew growing togither euery flower diuided or parted into fiue little narrow leaues hauing in the midle a small yellowe pricke or poynt The flowers being past there come in their steede long beries red and very playne or smoth of a strange sauour clustering togither lyke the beries of Iuie The roote is smal and threddy Dulcamera Wood Nightshade †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst places about ditches and pondes in quicksettes and hedges †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and his seede is ripe in August †The Names The learned men of our age do cal this herbe in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dulcamara and Amara Dulcis some Herboristes of Fraunce do cal it Solanum lignosum that is to say Wooddy Nightshade in high Douche it is called Ie lenger ie lieber and Hynschkraut in Neather Douchelande Alfsrancke †The Nature Dulcamara is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues The decoction of this herbe in wine dronken openeth all the stoppinges of the liuer Moreouer it is good agaynst the Iaunders comming of obstructions or stoppinges The same decoction taken as is aforesayde is very good for suche as are fallen from high places agaynst brusinges and dislocations burstinges and hurtes of the inward partes for it dissolueth congeled and fixed blood causing the same to come foorth by the vrine and doth cure and heale woundes and stripes Of Doder or Cuscuta Chap. lviij †The Description DOder is a strange herbe without leaues without roote lyke vnto a threed muche snarled and wrapped togither confusely winding it selfe about hedges and bushes and other herbes The thredes be sometimes red sometimes white vpon the said threedes are fastened here and there little rounde heades or knoppes bringing foorth at the first small white flowers and afterwarde a little seede †The Place This herbe groweth muche in this Countrie vppon Brambles Hoppes and vpon Line or Flaxe and sometimes it is also founde growing vpon other herbes especially in hoate Countries as vpon Thyme Winter Sauerie Tithymale Germander Sea Holme but it is very little and smal and in drie places of this Countrie it groweth vpon Wodwaxen and vpō wormwood as I haue seene in my garden †The Tyme Most commonly this herbe is founde in Iuly and August and after that it beareth his flowre and seede ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cassytha in shoppes Cuscuta of some Podagra lini and Angina lini in French Goute or Agoure de lin in high Douch Filtzkraut Flachszseiden and Todtern in Neather Douchlande Scorfte and of some Wrange and Vildtcruyt The Doder whiche groweth vpon Thyme is named of the Auncient Greke Physitions of the Arabians Epithymū in like maner you may call by diuers names the Doder growing vpon about other herbes according to the diuersitie of the same as Cassytha Epichamaedris that whiche groweth vpon Germander Epitithymalos that whiche groweth vpon Tithymale Eperingium whiche groweth about Sea Holme Epigeniston whiche groweth about Broome Epibaton whiche wrappeth about Brambles Epilinum whiche groweth vpon Flaxe Epibryon whiche windeth about Hoppes Epapsinthion whiche groweth about Wormwood Et sic de alijs ss ⧠The Nature The nature of this herbe changeth according to the nature and qualitie of the herbes whereon it groweth insomuche that that whiche groweth vppon hoate
certayne long rough markes as it were small wormes hanging vppon the backside of the leafe The roote is blacke hearie and twisted or growing as it were wounden togither And it bringeth foorth neyther stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place Hartes tongue loueth shadowie places and moyst stonie vallies about welles fountaynes and olde moyst walles Phyllitis †The Tyme It beginneth to bring foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Phyllitis in shoppes Scolopendria and Lingua Ceruina in Frenche Langue de cerf in high Douche Hirszung in base Almaigne Hertstonge and for a diuersitie betwixt it and Bistorte the whiche they do likewise cal Hertstonge Steenhertstonghe this is not Hemionitis as some do thinke †The Nature Hartstong is of complexion very drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of the leaues of Hertstong dronke is very good agaynst the bitinges of Serpentes it stoppeth the laske and the blooddy flixe Of brode or large Splenewort / or Miltwast Chap. lxv †The Description HEmionitis is also an herbe without fruite as the abouesayde Fernes and Hartes tong without stalke without flowers and seede bearing leaues somewhat great large beneth and somewhat sharpe at the top not muche differing as witnesseth Dioscorides from the leaues of the seconde Dracunculus the whiche leaues are playne by one side of the other side they haue also strakes or rough markes euen as Hartes tong his roote is compact of many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy moyst stony and freshe places and is nowe found about the decayed places and ruines of Rome in some other places of Italie especially planted and set in the gardens of Herboristes In this Countrie it is yet a stranger †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hemionitis Splenium and of Gaza Mula herba not knowen of the Apothecaries we may call it Broade Spleneworte or large Spleneworte ¶ The Nature Hemionitis is meetely warme and drie of Complexion †The Vertues Hemionitis takē with vineger doth open and helpe the hardnesse and stopping of the splene and is a soueraigne medicine for the most part of accidentes and greeues comming or proceeding from the Rate or Spleene Hemionitis Of wild or rough Splenewort Chap. lxvi †The Description LOnchitis aspera is partly lyke the other Fernes for it beareth neyther stalke nor seede The leaues be long about the length of a spanne or foote not muche differing from the leaues of Polypodie but muche narrower creuised and cut into more diuisions The roote is browne and thicke like to the roote of Dryopteris †The Place It groweth vppon the brinkes of ditches in wooddes and low moyst places of drie Countries †The Tyme It abideth al the winter and bringeth forth newe leaues in April ¶ The Names This kind of Ferne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lonchitisaspera of some Longina and Calabrum of our later writers Asplenium magnum Asplenium syluestre in high Douche Spicant Grosz Miltzkraut in Neather Douchlande Grachtvaren We may name it in Englishe Great Spleneworte or Wilde Splenewort †The Nature Lonchitis is hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues Lonchitis is very good agaynst the hardnesse stoppinges and swellinges of the Splene or Melt when it is dronken or layde vpon with vineger vpon the place of the Splene outwardly Lonchitis aspera This herbe is also good for to be layde vnto woundes for it keepeth them from inflammation and apostumation Of Ceterach / or the right Scolopendria Chap. lxvij †The Description CEterach hath little leaues almost of the length of a mans fingar cut and iagged vpon both sides euen harde to the ribbe or middle sinewe with cuttes halfe rounde or compassed standing not directly but contrarie one to another fat and greene vpon one side but on the other syde it is rough and somewhat hearie reddishe or of a browne colour The roote is small blacke and rough muche platted or enterlaced And this herbe hath neither stalke flower nor seede ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in shadowy and stony places and it is muche founde about Welles neare vnto Namur and the quarters thereabout †The Tyme This herbe continueth greene al the winter and putteth foorth newe leaues in April †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asplenum or Asplenium in Shoppes Ceterach in Frenche Scolopendrie vraye in high Douch Steinfarn and Miltzkraut in base Almaigne Steenvaren in English Right Scolopendria Scaleferne Finger ferne Stone ferne Ceterach and Myltewaste †The Nature Ceterach is temperate in heate and cold of subtil partes somwhat drying †The Vertues The leaues of Ceterach taken with vineger by the space of fourtie dayes healeth the Melt that is hard and stopt and is very good agaynst Quarteyne Agues like vertue they haue boyled in wine and playstered vpon the left side Asplenum The same is also very good against the strangurie the hoate pisse the stone in the bladder it stayeth yeoxsing oryexing it openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and it is giuen with great profite to suche as haue the Iaunders Of Venus heare / or Iumbardie Maydenheare Chap. lxviij †The Kyndes VNder that name of Capillus Veneris at this day is set before vs two kindes of herbes not a litle lyke one the other wherof one who is the stranger is the right Adiantum True Maydenheare Ladies heare Venus heare Ruta Muraria Stone Rue or Wall Rue Capillus Veneris named of the Auncientes Adiantum The other is very common and hath bene vsed here for Capillus Veneris the whiche some men call Ruta Muraria in Latine and of others it is called Saluia vita †The Description THE right Venus heare hath the footestalkes of his leaues very smal blackishe and glistering with a certayne brightnesse The leaues are smal tender hackt or snipped round about like vnto the first leaues of Coriander but muche smaller The roote is tender The second kinde called Wall Rue hath likewise his leaues set vpon shorte and smal stemmes the which do somwhat resemble the leaues of garden Rue but lesser and something dented about playne and smothe vppon one side but the other side is laden or charged with small prickes or spottes The roote is tender and hearie And both these herbes be without eyther flowers or seede like to the Ferne. †The Place Venus heare groweth in walles and in stony shadowy places neare about waters and welspringes and there is great plenty therof found in Italie and Prouence It groweth not in this Countrie but it is brought drie to vs from Italie Reu of the wal is very common in this Countrie for it is to to be found almost vpon all olde walles that are moyst and not comforted or lightned with the shining
of the Sonne as are the walles of Temples or Churches †The Tyme They remayne all the yeere and renewe their leaues in Aprill †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Adiantum Polytrichum Callitrichū Cincinnalis Terrae capillus Supercilium terrae Apuleius calleth it Capillus Veneris Capillaris Crinita in the Shoppes of Fraunce and Italie Capillus Veneris it is for the more part vnknowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie in French Cheueux de Venus in high Almaigne frauwenhar in base Almaigne Vrouwen hayr The seconde kinde is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie Capillus Veneris and of some it is taken for Adiantum in the Shoppes of Fraunce Saluia vita of the learned at this time Ruta Muraria that is to say Rue of the wall in high Douche Maurrauten and Steinrauten in base Almaigne Steencruyt †The Nature Both these herbes be drie and temperate in heate and colde †The Vertues The decoction of Capillus Veneris made in wine and dronke helpeth them that are short breathed and cannot fetch winde also it helpeth such as are troubled with an harde or vnesie cough for it ripeth tough fleme and auoydeth it by spetting It prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone moueth the flowers deliuereth the secondine and vnstoppeth the liuer and the melt and is very good agaynst the diseases of the Melt and the Iaunders Capillus Veneris stoppeth the flixe of the belly stayeth the spitting of blood and is profitable against the fluxions and moystnesse of the stomacke against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Capillus Veneris as yet greene pounde and layde to the bitinges of venemous beastes and mad Dogges preuayleth very muche and layde vppon the head causeth heare to come agayne in places that are pilde or balde It dispatcheth also the swellinges of the throte called Strumes especially in young children when it is pound greene and layde therevpon The lye wherein the same hath ben stieped and boyled is very good to washe the scurffe of the heade for it healeth the same causing the rome and scales to fall of A cay or garlende of Maydenheare worne vpon the head healeth the ache and payne of the same as Plinie affirmeth The leaues of Adiantum mixed togither with a little Saltpeter and the vrine of a young child taketh away the shreucled wrinckles that appeare vpon the bellies of women lately deliuered of child if the belly be washed therwithall after their Beliuerance Men vse in this Countrie to put Rue of the wall in steede of Capillus Veneris in all their medicines and haue founde it to profite muche in the colde passions or diseases of the breast Of English or common Maydenheare Chap. lxix †The Description TRichomanes is a litle herbe of the length of a span without flowers and seede and hath the stalkes of his leaues very small and leane browne shining and smoth beset on both sides with many little pretie round leaues euery leafe of the bignesse of a Lentill straked and dashed on that side whiche is next the grounde with many small markes and strakes lyke Rue of the wall The roote is small and blackishe †The Place It loueth moyst and shadowie places and groweth about waters especially vpō moyst rockes and olde walles and great store thereof is found in this Countrie †The Tyme It abydeth alwayes greene like Venus heare and Rue of the wall Trichomanes †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fidicula capillaris and also Trichomanes in the Shoppes Polytrichon in high Douche Widertodt Abthon and of some Roter Steinbrecke in neather Douchland Wederdoot in Englishe Maydenheare and Common Maydenheare †The Nature This herbe is drie and temperate betwixt hoate and colde and of the same nature that Venus heare is †The Vertues Trichomanes after the minde of Dioscorides and Galen hath the same faculties in operation that Capillus Veneris hath Of Stone Liuerwort Chap. lxx †The Description STone Liuerwort spreadeth it selfe abroade vpon the ground hauing wrinckled or crimpled leaues layde one vpon another as the scales of fishe and are greene on the vpper part and browne on that side which is next the ground amongst the leaues there grow vp smal stemmes or twigges in the toppes wherof are certayne knappes or thinges like starres The rootes are like smal threddes growing vnder the leaues wherby it cleaueth and sticketh fast vpon the ground and vpon moyst or sweating rockes †The Place This herbe if a man may so cal it groweth in moyst groundes and stonie places and shadowie where as the Sonne shineth seldome ⧠The Tyme It bringeth foorth his starres in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lichen in Shoppes Hepatica in French Hepatique in high Almaigne Brunnenlebercraut or Steinlebercraut in base Almaigne Steenleuercruyt and Leuercruyt in Englishe Liuerwurt and Stone Liuerwort †The Nature Liuerwort is colde and drie of complexion Lichen †The Vertues The decoction of Liuerworte swageth the inflammation of the liuer openeth the stoppinges of the same and is very good agaynst Feuer tertians and all inflammations of blood This herbe as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth brused when it is yet greene and layd vpon woundes stoppeth the superfluous bleeding of the same and preserueth them both from inflammation and Apostemation The same doth also heale all foule scurffes and spreading scabbes as the Pockes and wilde fire and taketh away the markes and scarres made with hoate irons if it be pounde with hony and layde therevpon The same boyled in wine and holden in the mouth stoppeth the Catarrhes that is a distilling or falling downe of Reume or water and flegme from the the brayne to the throte Of Mosse Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be many sortes of Mosse whereof some growe in the feeldes some vpon trees trees and some in shadowie and moyst woods and some in the rockes of the sea †The Description THE first kinde of Mosse which groweth vpon trees and is most properly called Mosse is nothing els but a forte of small white leaues all iagged hackte or finely kerued twisted and enterlaced one in another without roote without flower or seede hanging and growing vpon trees 1. Muscus Mosse 2. Pulmonaria Lungwurt The seconde kinde groweth also about trees the whiche is called Lungwurt and it doth somwhat resemble Liuerwurt but that it is greater and larger with great scales layd one vpō another metely greene vpon one side and whitishe vpon the other side 3. Glodylockes Polytrichon or Golden Maydenheare 4. Ros Solis Sonne Dewe The third kind which some call Golden Polytrichon hath very small slender stalkes nothing so lōg as a mans hand couered with short heares of a browne greene colour changing vppon yellow the which doth sometymes put foorth other little bare stēmes with small graynes or seedes at the top Of this
about The flowers be white as snowe bringing foorth also bladders or rounde blasted balles at the beginning greene but afterwarde blackishe wherein groweth blacke beries about the quantitie of a pease The roote is small and threddie Vesicaria vulgaris Alcakengie or winter Cherie Vesicaria peregrina Blacke winter Cherie †The Place Alcakengie groweth in some wooddes of this Countrie about hedges and lowe moyst places and is much planted in gardens †The Tyme The little bladders and the fruite of this plante are rype in August and September †The Names Alcakengie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vesicaria of Plinie Vesicula of some Callion in Shoppes Alkakengie in French Alquequanges and des Coquerelles in high Douche Schlutten Boberellen Iuden Kirszen Teuffels Kirsen Iuden Hutlin and Rot Nachtschad in base Almaigne Criecken van ouersee That is to say Beyondsea Cheries in English it is called Nightshade Alkakengie and Winter Cheries The other strange kinde is called of men of this time Vesicaria peregrina and Vesicaria nigra in French Pois de merueilles in high Douch Munchs copfflin Schwarte Schlutten and Welsch Schlutten in base Almaigne Vremde Criecken van ouer zea and Swerte Criecken van ouer zea †The Nature The leaues of Alkakengie are colde lyke Petimorell The fruite is not so colde Moreouer it is of subtill partes The complexion of the strange Alkakengie is yet vnknowen †The Vertues The leaues of Alkakengie are good for all suche thinges as the leaues of Petimorel serue for but not to be eaten The Cheries or fruite of Alkakengie openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the kidneyes clenseth the bladder and prouoketh vrine Therfore they be very good against the Iaunders the ache greefe of the raines and bladder against the difficultie sharpnesse of making water and against the stone and grauell Of great Nightshade / or Dwale Chap. xci †The Description THis noughtie and deadly plant is taken for a kinde of Solanum bycause it doth somewhat resemble it It hath round blackish stalkes of two or three foote high or more vppon the whiche growe great broade leaues somewhat rough greater and larger yea blacker then the leaues of Morel the flowers be of a browne colour fashioned lyke to litle holow belles after the whiche there comme vp great round beries euery one vpon a stalke by him selfe about the bignesse of a Cherie greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they waxe towarde rypenesse they be of a faire blacke shining colour within the sayd beries is cōteyned a litle browne seede The roote is great putting foorth newe euery yere and bringing foorth a number of newe stalkes †The Place This herbe is founde in some places of this Countrie in woods and hedges and in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme The fruit or beries of this venemous Solanum are ripe in August Mandragoras Theophrasti Solanum lethale †The Names This herbe is nowe called Solanum lethale in Shoppes Solatrum mortale in Frenché Solanum mortel in high Douche Dollkraut Seukraut in base Almaigne Groote Nascaye and Dulcruyt or Dulle besien This is not Solanum Manicum neither Solanum Somniferum neither yet Mandragoras Morion the whiche Dioscorides describeth But it shoulde rather seeme to be that kinde of Mandrage whereof Theophrast speaketh in his sixth booke the second Chapter And for that cause it may be well called Mandragoras Theophrasti ¶ The Nature The leaues and fruit of this herbe are very cold euen in the fourth degree †The working The greene and fresh leaues of this deadly Nightshade may be applyed outwardly as the leaues of Petimorel to S. Antonies fire and the lyke hoate inflammations but it must be done by great aduise seing that this Solanum cooleth agayne more strongly than the common Nightshade ⧠The mischeuous Danger The fruite of this Solanum is deadly and bringeth such as haue eaten therof into a deepe sleepe with rage and anger the which passion leaueth them not vntill they die as it hath ben seene by experience as well in Almaigne as at Mechlen vpon some children who haue eaten of this fruite thincking that it was not hurtful Wherfore eche man ought to take heede that they plant not neyther yet suffer in their gardens any suche venemous herbes especially of suche sortes whiche beare a faire and pleasant fruite as this last recited kinde doth or if they wil haue it in their gardens then at the least way they ought to be carefull to see to it to close it in that no body enter into the place where it groweth that wil be entised with the beautie of the fruite to eate thereof as it commeth very oftentimes to passe vnto wemen and young children Of Solanum Somniferum Manicum Chap. xcij. Sleeping Nightshade Furious Nightshade †The Kindes THE dealy Nightshade whereof I haue written in the former Chapter causeth me yet to remember two other kinds of Solanum or Morel described of the Ancientes and of Dioscorides Whereof one is called Solanum Somniferum that is to say Sleeping Nightshade The other is called Solanū Manicum that is to say Mad or Raging Nightshade †The Description SOlanum Somniferum that is Sleeping Nightshade hath grosse and harde stalkes vpon the whiche groweth great broade leaues almost like to the leaues of the Quince tree The flower is great and red the fruite as yellowe as Saffron conteyned in puffed balles or coddes The roote is long and wooddy and on the outside browne The other Solanum called Manicum that is to say Madde or Raging hath leaues like Senuie or Mostarde but greater and somewhat like to the leaues of the right Branke Vrsine called in Latine Acanthus the which shal be described in the fifth booke It bringeth foorth from one roote ten or twelue stalkes of the height of two or three foote at the toppe of the sayd stalkes or branches groweth a rounde head of the bignesse of an Olyue and rough like the fruit of the Plane tree but smaller longer The flower is blacke when it perisheth it bringeth foorth a little grape with ten or twelue beries like the fruite of Iuie but playner and smother like the berries of grapes The roote is white and thicke of a cubite long and holow within To this Description agreeth that kinde of strange Mallowe whiche is called Malua Theophrasti and Alcea Veneta the whiche shal be described in the xxvij Chapter of the fifth part of this Historie †The Place Solanum Somniferum according to the opinion of Dioscorides groweth in stony places lying not farre from the Sea Solanum Manicum groweth vpon high hilles whose situation or standing is agaynst the Sonne †The Names The first kinde of these two herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Solanum Somniferum that is to say in English Sleeping Nightshade of some Halicacabon Dircion Apollinaris minor Vlticana herba and Opsago The second kind is called
wheate chewed in the mouth is good to be layd to agaynst the biting of mad Dogges The whole wheate is very profitable against the paynes of the gowt wheÌ„ a man plongeth him selfe therein euen vp to the knees as ye shall reade in Plinie of Sextus Pompeius who being so vsed was cured of the gowte Wheaten meale mingled with the iuyce of Henbane layde to the sinewes is good against the rheumes and subtill humours falling downe vppon the same The same layde vpon with vineger and hony called Oximel doth clense and take away all spottes and lentilles from of the face The meale of Marche or Sommer wheate layd to with Vineger is very good against the bitinges of venemous beastes The same boyled lyke to a paste or pappe and licked is very good agaynst the spetting of blood and boyled with Butter Mintes it is of great power against the cough and roughnesse of the throte The flower of wheaten meale boyled with hony and water or with Oyle and water dissolueth all tumours or swellinges The Branne boyled in vineger is good against the scuruie itche and spreading scabbe and dissolueth the beginninges of hoate swellinges The sayde Branne boyled in the decoction of Rue doth slake swage the harde swellinges of womans breastes The leauen made of wheaten meale draweth foorth shiuers splinters and thornes especially from the soles of the feete And it doth open ripe and breake al swellinges and impostumes if it be layde to with Salt Wheaten bread boyled in honied water doth swage and appease all hoate swellinges especially in putting thereto other good herbes and iuyces Wheaten bread newe baked tempered or soked in brine or pickle doth cure and remoue all olde and white scuruinesse and the foule creeping or spreading scabbe The Amylum or Starche that is made of wheate is good against the falling downe of rheumes and humours into the eyes if it be layd therevnto and it cureth and filleth agayne with flesh woundes and holow vlcers Amylum dronken stoppeth the spetting of blood and mingled with milke it swageth the roughnesse or sorenesse of the throte and brest and causeth to spet out easyly Of the Corne called Spelt or Seia Chap. ij †The Kindes SPelt is of two sortes The one hath commonly two cornes or seedes ioyned togither whereof eche grayne is in his owne skinne or chaffie couering The other is single and hath but one grayne †The Description SPelt hath straw ioyntes and eares much lyke to wheate sauing that the corne therof is not bare as the wheate corne is but is inclosed in a litle skinne or chaffie huske from whiche it can not be easily purged or clensed except in the myll or some other deuise made for the same purpose and whan it is so pylde and made cleane from the chaffe it is very wellyke to a wheat corne both in proportion and Nature in so muche that at the ende of three yeres the Spelt being so purged changeth it selfe into faire wheate whan it is sowen as Plinie Theophraste and diuers other of the Auncientes haue written ¶ The Place Spelt requireth a fat and fruitfull grounde well laboured and groweth in high open feeldes In times past it was founde onely in Grece but at this day it groweth in many places of Italie Fraunce and Flaunders †The Tyme It is sowen in September and October lyke vnto wheate and is ripe in Iuly ⧠The Names This grayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Zea of the Auncient Romaynes Semen and Far and at this day Spelta in Frenche Espeautre in high Douche Speltz and Dinckelkorne in base Almaigne Spelte and amongst the kindes of Far it shoulde seeme to be Venniculum album Zea. Far. Spelt †The Nature Spelt is of Nature like vnto wheate but somwhat colder drawing neare to the complexion of barley and somewhat drying †The Vertues The meale of Spelt with red wine is very profitable against the stinginges of Scorpions and for suche as spet blood The same with sweete Butter vnsalted or with newe Goates suet doth souple and mitigate the roughnesse of the throte and appeaseth the cough The same boyled with wine and Saltpeter cureth corrupt and running sores and the white scurffe of all the body the payne of the stomacke the feete and womens brestes To conclude Spelt in qualitie is very like wheate and is a good nourishment both for man and beast as Theophrastus writeth The bread thereof is not muche inferior to that is made of wheate but it nourisheth lesse Turner lib. 2. fol. 131. Of Amilcorne Chap. iij. †The Description THIS grayne is also lyke vnto wheate in the strawe ioyntes and growing but that the eares be not bare or not like wheate but rough with many sharpe pointed eares or beardes like the eares of Barley the cornes grow by ranges like to the cornes or graynes of Barley The seede is also inclosed in little huskes or coueringes like to spelt and being clensed and purged from his chaffie huske it is much lyke to wheate †The Place This Corne groweth in many places of Almaigne †The Tyme Men do also sow it before winter and it is cut downe in Iuly †The Names This Corne is called in high Douch Ammelkorne That is to say in base Almaigne Amelcorne and in Latine Amyleum frumeÌ„tum and is a kinde of Zea and Far and it shoulde seeme to be Halicastrum It may be englished Amelcorne or bearded Wheate The Nature and Vertue As this grayne is a kinde of spelt euen so it is very muche lyke vnto it in complexion and working beyng in the middle betwixt Wheate and Barley agreeable to all purposes wherevnto Spelt is good Amyleum frumentum The bread that is made of it is also somewhat lyke the bread of wheate Of Typhewheate / called in Latine Triticum Romanorum Chap. iiij †The Description ROmayne Wheate is like common Wheate in his blades and knottie strawes but the eares are more rounde and playne and better compact very muche bearded the grayne is like the Wheate There is another kinde lyke vnto this whose strawe and eares are smaller the eares be also pointed and bearded The seede is lyke vnto wheate sauing that it is smaller and blacker then our common Wheate is †The Place This Corne groweth not in all places nor is not very common but it is founde in some partes of Almaigne as in Aussois about the mountaynes and forestes where as wilde Bores and Swine do commonly haunt And the husbandmen of the Countrie do sowe it for the same purpose bycause of the Swine whiche do ordinarily destroy the other Corne but they come very seldome to feede vppon this kinde of grayne bycause of the rough and prickely beardes which do hinder and let them as Hierome Bocke writeth The seconde kinde groweth in the Iles of Canarie and in certayne places of Spayne Triticum RomanoruÌ„ aut Triticum Barbatum Romaine Wheat Triticum Typhinum Typhwheate â€
in the spring time and are ripe in August ⧠The Names Otes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Auena in high Douche Habern in base Almaigne Hauer in Frenche Auoyne The seconde kinde may be called in Englishe Pilcorne or pylde Otes Turner calleth the thirde kinde by the Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Auena sterilis whiche you may see described in the xvj Chapter of this fourth booke †The Nature Otes do drie much and are of complexion somwhat colde as Galien saith Auena †The Vertues Otes are good to be put in playsters and Cataplasmes wherein Barley is vsed men may also vse the meale of Otes in steede of Barley meale forasmuche as Otes as Galen saith do drie and digest without any biting acrimonie Oten meale tempered with vineger driueth away the Lentiles and spots of the face The same taken in meate stoppeth the belly Oten bread nourisheth but litle and is not very agreable or meete for mankinde Of Gockwheate Chap. xiiij †The Description BOckwheate hath round stalkes chauellured and fluted or forowed and crested of a reddishe colour about the height of two foote or more The leaues are broade and sharpe at the endes not muche vnlyke the leaues of Iuie or common Wythiwinde It putteth foorth shorte stemmes aswell on the sides as on the top of the stalkes vpon the said short stemmes there growe many white flowers in tuftes or clusters after the said flowers commeth the sede which is triangled and gray enclosed in a litle felme or skinne lyke the seede of blacke binde-weede described in the third part of the historie of plantes †The Place They sow it in leane and drie ground and is very common in the landes of Brabant called Kempene †The Tyme It is sowen in the spring tyme in somer after the cutting downe of Corne and is ripe niene or ten weekes after Fegopyron Tragopyron †The Names This kind of grayne and plant is called in Frenche Dragée aux cheueaux in high Douche Heydenkorne in base Almaigne Bockweydt after whiche name it may be englished Bockwheat The Authour of this worke calleth it TragopyroÌ„ certaine others do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Fagotriticum which is not Oâ—ymum described by Columel as we haue sufficiently declared in the fourth booke of our Historie of Plantes where as we haue in lyke manner declared howe it was vnknowen of the Auncientes I thinke this to be the grayne called in some places of Englande Bolimonge ¶ The Nature This seede without fayle is indued with no heate and is not very drie †The Vertues The meale of Bockewheate is vsed with water to make pappe whitpottes and great cakes of light digestion whiche do lightly lose the belly and prouoke vrine yet they be but of small nourishment The bread which men do make of this grayne is moyst sharpe or sower without any great nourishing It hath none other vertue that I knowe sauing that they giue the greene herbe as fodder and fourrage for cattell and they feede hennes and chickens with the seede which doth make them fat in short space Of Iuray or Darnell Chap. xv †The Description IVray is a vitious grayne that combereth or anoyeth corne especially wheat and in his knottie Strawe blades or leaues is like vnto wheate but his eares do differ both from wheat and Rye eares for they are diuided into many small eares growing vppon the sides at the toppe of the straw in the whiche small eares the seede is conteyned in proportioÌ„ almost lyke wheate cornes but muche smaller ¶ The Place Iuray for the most part groweth amongst wheate and sometimes it is also founde amongst Barley especially in good lande where as wheate hath growen before †The Tyme It waxeth ripe with the wheate and other corne Lolium ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lolium of the Arabians Zizania in Frenche Yuraye or Gasse in Englishe it is also called Iuraye Darnell and Rayne †The Nature Iuray is hoate euen almost in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Iuray layde on with Salt and Radish rootes doth stay and keepe backe wilde Scurffes and corrupt and fretting sores The same with sulfer and vineger cureth the spreading scabbe and leprie or noughtie scurffe when it is layde thereon The same with Pigeons dongue oyle and lineseede boyled layde playsterwise vpon wennes and such harde tumours doth dissolue and heale them It draweth foorth also al splinters thornes and shiuers and doth ripe and open tumours and impostemes If it be sodden with Mede or as Plinie saith Oximel it is good to be layd to to swage the payne of the gowte Sciatique They lay it to the forehead with birdes grease to remoue and cure the headache It is also founde by experience that Iuray put into Ale or Bier causeth dronkennesse and troubleth the brayne Of Pour Otes Festuca and Melampyrum Chap. xvi Aegilops Pour Otes Festuca altera Drauick wilde Otes †The Description POur Otes or wilde Otes are in leaues and knottie strawes like vnto common Otes the eares be also spread abroade like to the common Otes The graine is blackishe rough heared inclosed in hearie huskes eche one hauing a long bearde or barbe This is a hurtfull plant as well to the Rye as other corne Festuca or as the Douchmen call it Drauick is also a hurtfull plant hauing his leaues and strawe not much vnlyke Rye at the top whereof growe spreading eares wherein is conteyned a small seede of grayishe colour inclosed in litle skinnes or small huskes muche lesse and smaller then any other kinde of corne or grayne Ye may wel place with these that herbe or plant which of the Brabanders is called Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse flower whose description you may see in the second booke Chapter xiiij placed with those wild flowers that growe amongst corne for his seede is lyke to wheat and a hurtful or noysome weede to corne especially to wheate as Galen saith ¶ The Place You shal finde much of this geare amongst Rye and oftentimes amongst wheate and Barley †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aegilops and according to Plinie Festuca in English Wilde Otes or Pour Otes The seconde is called in high Douche Dort in Neather Douchlande Drauick it may be also very well called in Latine Festuca or Festuca altera in Englishe Wilde Otes or Drauick †The Nature Pour Otes are hoate as Galen testifieth †The Vertues The greene leaues layde to with the meale of th the seede of Pour Otes if it be Aegilops is good to heale hollowe vlcers called Fistulas especially those whiche are in the corners of the Eyes called Aegilopes The same sodden with Ale or Bier causeth the head to be dul and heauy after a dronken sort or manner like to
the common Melilot †The Description The true and right Melilot hath rounde stalkes the leaues iagged rounde about not muche vnlyke the leaues of Fenugreck alwayes growing three and three togither like to the Trefoyl The flowers be yellow and smal growing thicke togither in a tuft the which past there come in their places a many of small crooked huskes or coddes wheru◠the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and full of small hearie threddes The common Melilot hath rounde stalkes about two or three foote long full or branches The leaues do alwayes grow by three and three lyke to Trefoyl hacked rounde about lyke the leaues of Fenugreck or the right Melilot The flowers be yellow clustering togither after the fashion or order of spike the whiche vanished there come vp small huskes whiche conteyne the seede The roote is long al the herbe with his flowers is of a right good sauour specially whan it is drie †The Place The right Melilot groweth plentifully in Italy especially in the Countrie of Campania neare the Towne of Nola. In this Countrie the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The common Melilot groweth in this Countrie in the edges and borders of fieldes and medowes alongst by diches and trenches Melilotus Italica The right Melilot Melilotus Germanica The common Melilot †The Tyme These two kindes of Melilot do flower in Iuly and August during which time they yeelde their coddes and seedes †The Names Melilot is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melilotus and Sertula Campana The first kinde of these herbes is taken at Rome and in Italy for Melilot therfore is called Melilotus Italica that is to say Italian Melilot in French Melilot d'Italie and in Douche Italiansche or Roomsche Melilote The other kinde is called in Shoppes of this Countrie and of Almaigne Melilotus and is vsed for the same and hereof it commeth to passe that men cal it Melilotus Germanica in Frenche Melilot vulgaire in base Alemaigne Ghemeyne or Douche Melilote Some do also call it Saxifraga lutea that is saye Yellow Saxifrage and in high Douche Grosse steinklee in Englishe The common and best knowen Melilot ¶ The Nature Melilot is hoate and partly of an astringent nature and hath part of a digesting consuming dissoluing and riping power †The Vertues Melilote boyled by it selfe in sweete wine or with the yolke of a rosted egge or the meale of Fenugreck or Lineseed or with the fine flower of meale or with Cichorie doth smage and soften all kindes of hoate swellinges especially those that chaunce in the eyes the matrix or mother the fundement and genitors or coddes being layde thereto If it be layde to with Gawles or Chalke or with good wine it healeth the scurffe and suche sores as yeelde corrupt matter or filthe The same rawe and pounde or sodde in wine swageth the payne of the stomacke and dissolueth the impostumes and swellinges of the same being layde thereto The iuyce of the same dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of them and layde to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger cureth the head ache The common Melilote is vsed and found good for all suche thinges as the other serueth it is most vsed to swage and slake payne as the flower of Camomil is The same boyled in wine and dronke prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone and swageth the payne of the kidneyes the bladder and belly and ripeth fleme causing it to be easily cast foorth The iuyce therof dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and doth consume dissolue and take away the web pearle or spot of the eye Of Horned Clauer / or Medic fother Chap. xl Medica Spanish Clauer Italian or Spanishe Clauer †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Medica the which we haue seene in this Countrie The first kind hath flat huskes and turned or folded rounde togither The other hath long rough sharpe poynted huskes turning in also togither lyke a Rammes horne or Snayle as Turner writeth otherwise one muche lyke to the other There is also a thirde kinde wherof both Turner and this Aucthor do write †The Description THe first kind of Medica hath many rounde tender stalkes which grow not vpright but are spread abrode vpon the grounde like the common medow Trefoyl The leaues be like them of the commō Trefoyl The flowers be small of a pale yellowish colour for the most part they grow three and three togither The which once past there grow vp flat huskes or coddes turned round togither like a water snayle wherein the seede is conteyned the whiche is flat The roote is leane or slender and withereth or perisheth in this Countrie after that it hath once borne seede The second kind of Medica is much like the other in stalkes leaues The cods only be not so flat but longer sharpe pointed wherin is a sede like to the other The third kind hath many stalkes growing almost right vp theron leaues like vnto the other The flowers grow in tuftes almost like to the cōmon Trefoyl of color faire purple blew somtimes yellow therafter folow many roūd flat cods turned togither of that which eche asunder about the bignes of a Lentil The roote of this is long and continueth many yeres especially in Spayne Bysides these there is yet another kind of Medica or strange Trefoyl that which lieth not alōgst the ground but standeth-vpright a foote a halfe or two foote long It hath hard round stalkes diuided into diuers branches vpō the which grow meetly large leaues gray thicke three vpō one stemme almost like the leaues of Trefoyl or Fenugreck but muche lesse The flowers be white mixt with Crymsen or Carnation color Al the herbe aswel the stalkes as leaues is whitish and couered with a soft and gentle cotton or woolly roughnesse †The Place These kindes of Trefoyl growe in Spayne They growe not of their owne kinde in this Countrie but are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Medica flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and within short space after commeth foorth his crooked of crompled huskes The fourth kind flowreth in this Countrie at the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names The first two haue no certaine name which is knowē vnto vs therfore haue we named them in Latine Trifolia cochleata in Douche Gedrayde Claueren in French Treste au limason in English Horned Trefoyl or Clauer bycause their coddes veturned as water snayles wherein the seede is conteyned The third is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Medica in Spanish Alfafa after the Arabian name Fasfasa or Alfasfasa with the whiche Medica of Auicenna is named in Douch Spaensche Claueren in Englishe Spanish Trefoyl The fourth kind is counted of some to be Glaux of some to be Anthyllis of others it is taken for Polygala †The Nature Medica is of a colde nature †The Vertues Medica is good against
and Calamus in Frenche Canne or Roseau in high Douche Rorh in base Almaigne Riet in English Common Pole Reede Spier or Cane Reede The first kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nastus of this kinde in times past they made arrowes and dartes The seconde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo foemina this kinde dyd serue to make tongues for pipes shaulmes or trumpettes The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syringias Fistularis of whiche they make pipes and flutes With the fourth men did write in times past as they do now vse to do with pennes and quilles of certayne birdes the whiche for the same purpose were named Calami The fifth kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Donax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arundo Cypria The sixth which is our commō Canereede is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Arundo vallatoria and Arundo vallaris and Arundo sepicularis in Englishe Cane Reede Pole Reede Spier and the Reede or Cane of the vally The seuenth is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Arundo Indica in Frenche Canne in base Almaigne Riet van Indien and of some also Riet van Spaengien in English Spanish Canes or Indian Reede The Sugar Cane hath none other particuler name but as men do nowe cal it Arundo saccharata or Arundo sacchari that is to say in Englishe Sugar Reede or Sugar Cane in Frenche Canne de succré in Douche Suycker Riet The Aromaticall and sweete Cane is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Calamus odoratus Calamus Aromaticus Arundo odorata altogither vnknowen in shoppes for that whiche they vse to sel for Calamus Aromaticus is no reede nor roote of a reede but is the roote of a certayne herbe lyke vnto the Yellow Flagge or bastard Acorus the whiche roote is nowe taken for the right Acorus †The Nature The Cane Reede is hoate and drie as Galensayth The Aromatical and sweete Cane is also hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The roote of Cane Reede or Spier pound smal and layd to draweth forth thornes and splinters and mingled with vineger it swageth the paine of members out of ioynt The greene tender leaues finely stamped and layde to healeth cholerique inflammations or wilde fier also hoate swellinges and impostumes The ashes of the Pole Reede mingled with vineger and layde to healeth the roome and scales of the head whiche do cause the heare to fal of The Aromatical or sweete Calamus being dronken prouoketh vrine and boyled with Parsley seede is good agaynst the strangnrie the payne of the raynes the bladder and dropsie The same taken in any kind of wayes is very agreable to al the inner partes as the stomacke the liuer the spleene the matrix agaynst burstinges or ruptures ⧠The Danger The downe that is in the top of the Cane reede or in the tufting tassels ther of if it chaunce to fal into the eares bringeth such a deafenesse as is hard to be cured Of Reede Grasse Chap. lv †The Description REede grasse hath long narrow leaues two edged or sharpe on both sides with a sharpe crest or backe raysed vp so that they seeme almost triangled or three square The stalkes growe amongst the leaues to the height of two or three foote or more and do beare about the vpper part of the stalkes rounde prickley knoppes or boullettes as bigge as a Nut. The roote is ful of hearie stringes †The Place It groweth in this Countrie in moyst medowes in the borders or brinkes of ditches riuers †The Tyme It bringeth foorth his boullettes or prickley knoppes in August †The Names This herbe is called in base Almaigne Rietgras and therefore some take it for a kinde of grasse which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Calamagrostis in Latine Gramen Arundinaceum in Englishe Reede grasse With the which it hath no likenesse and therefore it serueth better to be named Platanaria and lykewise it is not lyke vnto Spargamum but it is more lyke that Butomon of Theophrastus that likewise in Greeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Platanaria †The Nature It is of a colde and drie complexion †The Vertues Some write that the knoppes or rough buttons of this herbe boyled in wine are good agaynst the bitinges of venemous beastes if it be either dronken or the wounde be washed therewith Of Rattel grasse Chap. lvi †The Kindes THere be two kindes of this grasse one which beareth redde flowers and leaues finely iagged or snipt the other hath pale yellow flowers and long narrowe leaues snipt like a sawe rounde about the edges †The Description THe first kind hath leaues very smal iagged or dented spread abrode vpō the ground The stalkes be weake smal wherof some lye along trayling vpon the ground do beare the litle leaues the rest do growe vpright as high as a mans hand vpon them grow the flowers from the midle of the stemme round about euen hard vp to the top of a browne red or purple color somwhat like to the flower of the red nettle The which being fallē away there grow in their place litle flat powches or huskes wherein the seede is conteined which is flat blackish The roote is smal tender Fistularia Reede Rattel Crista gallinacea Yellow Rattel The seconde kind hath a straight stemme set about with narrowe leaues snipt rounde about vpon the edges The flowers growe rounde about the stemme at the highest of the stalke fashioned like the flowers of the first kinde sauing that they be of fainte or pale yellowe colour or whitishe after the whiche there come vp litle flat powches or purses couered as it were with a litle bladder or flat skin open before like the mouth of a bladder Within the litle purses is the seede the whiche is flat yellowe or brownish The roote is small and short †The Place That with the red flowers groweth in moyst medowes and is very noysome to the same That with the pale or yellowe flowers groweth in drie medowes and in the feeldes also and is to them very euill and hurtful †The Tyme That with the red flowers flowreth in May and his seede is ripe in Iune The other flowreth in Iune and Iuly and almost all the sommer †The Names The first is called of the writers in these dayes Fistularia and Crista and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phthirion in Latine Pedicularis that is to say Louse herbe in high Douche Braun Leuszkraut bycause the cattell that pasture where plentie of this grasse groweth become full of lice They call it also in high Douch Rodel and Browne Rodel in base Almaigne Roode Ratelen some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alectorolophos of Plinie in Englishe Redde Rattel The other kind is called of the writers in these dayes Crista gallinacea and Crista galli bycause
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
white kernel or nut in tast almost lyke to the Chestnut †The Place The first groweth by the way sides and neare vnto waters in vntoyled places It is founde in Italy and some places of Fraunce It groweth abundantly in Thracia Tribulus aquaticus Saligot Saligot is found in certayne places of this Countrie as in stues pondes of cleare water †The Tyme Grounde Tribulus flowreth in Iune and after that it bringeth foorth his prickley seede †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus and Tribulus terrestris This is the first kinde of Tribulus terrestris or grounde Tribulus described of Theophrastus for he setteth foorth two sortes as we haue before sayde that is to say one bearing leaues lyke Ciche peason whereof we haue nowe geuen you the figure to beholde and the other hauing prickley leaues for which cause it is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phyllacanthus that is to say the prickley leafe The seconde kinde seemeth to be that kinde of Grounde Tribulus which Dioscorides speaketh of in his fourth booke whiche kinde is yet to vs vnknowen That whiche groweth in the water is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus aquaticus in French Chastaignes d'eau and Saligot in high Douch Wassernusz Weihernusz Stachelnusz Spitz nusz in base Almaigne Water Noten and of some Minckysers in English Water Nuttes and Saligot †The Nature Grounde Tribulus is colde and astringent is Galen writeth The Saligot is also of the same complexion but moyster †The Vertues The greene Nuttes or fruite being dronken is good for them whiche are troubled with the stone and grauell The same dronken or layde to outwardly helpeth those that are bitten of Vipers And dronken in wine it resisteth all venome and poyson The leaues of Saligot or water Tribulus are very good to be laide plasterwise vpon all vlcers and hoate swellinges They be good also agaynst the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth the putrefaction and corruption of the Iawes or gummes and against the kings euill and swellinges of the throte The iuyce of them is good to be put into collyries medicines for the eyes They vse to giue the powder of the Nuttes to be dronken in wine to suche as pisse blood and are troubled with grauell Also in time of scarsitie they vse to eate them as foode but they nourish but litle and do stoppe the belly very muche Of Madder Chap. lxxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Madder the tame Madder the whiche they vse to plant and sowe and the wild Madder which groweth of his owne kinde Rubia satiua Garden Madder Rubia syluestris Wilde Madder †The Description THE husbanded or garden Madder hath long stalkes or branches square rough and full of ioyntes and at euery ioynt set rounde with greene narrowe leaues fashioned lyke a Starre the flowers growe about the top of the branches lyke as in the wilde Madder of a faynt colour changing vpon yellow after which commeth a rounde seede at the first greene then red and at the last blacke The roote is very long small and red The wilde Madder is lyke to that of the garden but it is smaller and not so rough The flowers are white The roote very smal tender and somtimes also reddish †The Place The husbanded Madder is planted in Zeelande and Flaunders and in some places of Brabant by Berrow in good and fertill grounde The wilde groweth generally of it selfe alongst the feeldes vnder hedges and bushes †The Tyme They do both flower in Iuly and August †The Names Madder is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rubia in Shoppes Rubia tinctorum in high Douche Rodte in base Almaigne Rotte most commonly Mee and they call the powder of the Rotte Meecrappen in Frenche Garance in English Madder The wilde is called Rubia syluestris and of some learned men is thought to be Alysson of Plinie it is named Mollogo ⧠The Nature Garden Madder is drie of Complexion †The Vertues The roote of garden Madder boyled in Meade or honied water and dronken openeth the stopping of the liuer the melt the kidneyes and matrix it is good against the Iaunders and bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse The same taken in the like manner prouoketh vrine vehemently in somuch that the often vse thereof causeth one to pisse blood The decoction of the same dronken or the powder therof dronken in wine dissolueth clotted or congeled blood in the body and is good for such as are fallen from high and are brused or bursten within Men giue the iuyce of the roote to such as be hurt with venemous beastes and also the wine wherein the rootes and leaues haue boyled The seede thereof taken with Oximel or honied vineger doth swage and make lesse the Melt and healeth the hardnesse thereof The roote put vp vnder into the natural place of conception in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie bringeth foorth the birth the flowers and secundines The roote brused or pounde very small healeth al scuruie itche and manginesse or foulenesse of the body with spottes of diuers colours especially layde to with vineger as Droscorides teacheth The wilde Madder is not vsed in Medicine Of Goosegrasse / or Cliuer Chap. lxxiiij †The Description CLiuer or Goosegrasse hath many smal square branches rough sharpe full of ioyntes about whiche branches at euery ioynt growe long narrowe leaues after the fashion of Starres or lyke the leaues of Madder but smaller and rougher out of the same ioyntes grow litle branches bearing white flowers and afterwarde rounde rough seedes most commonly two vppon a stemme All the herbe his branches leaues and sede do cleaue and sticke fast to euery thing that it toucheth it is so sharpe that being drawen alongst the tongue it wil make it to bleede †The Place This herbe groweth in all places in hedges and bushes †The Tyme It flowreth and beareth seede al the Sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aparine in Frenche Grateron in high Douche Klebkraut in base Almaigne Cleefcruyt in Englishe Goose-grasse Cliuer and Gooseshare †The Nature Clyuer is drie of complexion †The Vertues They driuke the iuyce of the leaues sede of Goosegrasse against the bitings and stinginges of venemous beastes The same dropped into the eares healeth the payne and ache of the same This herbe pounde and layde vnto freshe woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same pounde with Hogges grease it dissolueth consumeth the disease of the necke called the kinges euil and al hard kernelles and wennes wheresoeuer they be if it be laid therto as Turner writeth Aparine Of Gallion Chap. lxxv †The Description GAllion hath small rounde euen stemmes with very small narrowe leaues growing by spaces at the ioyntes round about the stemme starre fashion
operation are muche like to Sowe Thistel or Sonchus and being vsed after the like manner be as good to al purposes They be also good for the eyesight if the iuyce of them be dropped into the eyes especially of that sort whiche is called Diuels bit Of langdebeefe Chap. xv †The Description THis herbe hath great broade leaues greater and broader then the leaues of Borache set ful of soft prickles from whiche leaues commeth vp a tender weake brittle and triangled stalke set with leaues of the same sort but smaller At the toppe of the stalke growe many small leaues thicke set and harde throng togither round about the stalke from amongst whiche litle leaues commeth a rough round Thistely knoppe bearing a purple flower the whiche is caried away with the wind The roote is thicke and crooked hauing many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the medowes of this Countrie and in moyst places by water brookes or ditches †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cirsium of some Buglossum magnum and Spina mollis in Brabant Groote Dauw distel vnknowē in shoppes some take Cirsion to be Langdebeefe T. lib. 1. fol. 143. †The Nature It is colde and drie of vertue like Sonchus †The Vertues Andreas the Herborist writeth that the roote of Cirsium tyed or bounde to the diseased place swageth the ache of the veynes called Varix being to muche opened or enlarged and fylled with grosse blood Cirsion Of Condrilla Gumme Succorie Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Condrilla as Dioscorides writeth the great and the small †The Description COndrilla is somewhat lyke to wylde Endiue his leaues be long grayish and deepely cut vpon both sides the stalke is small of a foote long or somewhat more in the litle stalkes of Condrilla is founde a gumme lyke Masticke of the bignesse of a beane wherevpon growe round knoppes which after their opening bringeth foorth faire flowers whiche in collour and making are much like to the flowers of wild Endiue but much smaller The roote is long and white like to Succorie The other Condrilla hath long leaues deepely indented vppon both sides lyke to the leaues of the wilde Endiue and for the most parte spreade abroade vpon the ground amongst which leaues grow vp smal playne holow stalkes carrying fayre yellowe double flowers the whiche past they turne into rounde blowballes like to fine downe or cotton and are carried away with the wind The roote is long and slender yellowish and ful of milke which commeth forth when it is cut or broken †The Place The great Condrilla is not common in this Countrie but is to be founde in the gardens of Herboristes The lesser which is our Dandelion groweth in al partes of this Countrie in medowes and pastures †The Tyme The great Condrilla flowreth in May and in Iune Dandelion flowreth in April and August ⧠The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla Condrilla Gumme Succorie Condrilla Dandelyon of Plinie Condrillon and Condrillis of some also Cichorion and Seris of the later writers Condrilla maior in this Countrie Condrilla and Gumme Succorie in Douche Condrilla The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla altera in shoppes Dens leonis and Rostrum porcinum in Frenche Pisse-en-lict in high Douche Korlkraut Pfaffenblat Pfaffen rorlin in base Almaigne Papencruyt Hontsroosen Canckerbloemen and Schorftbloemen in Englishe Dandelyon †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie lyke Endiue and Succorie †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Condrilla taken by it selfe or with wine stoppeth the laske especially comming of the heate of the liuer The same brused and eaten with his leaues rootes is very good agaynst the bitinges of venemous Serpentes The seede of Condrilla doth strengthen the stomacke and causeth good digestion as Dorotheus writeth Dantdelyon in vertue and operation is much like Succorie and it may be alwayes vsed in steede thereof It layeth downe the staring heares of the eyebrowes and causeth newe heares to grow if the iuyce be often layd to the place Of Groundswell Chap. xvij †The Kindes Although Dioscorides and other the Auncients haue set foorth but one sort of Erigeron yet for al that the later learned writers do set out two kindes the one great and the other smal vnto which we haue ioyned a third kind Wherfore Erigeron is nowe to be counted of three sortes Erigeron primum secundum The first second kindes of Groundswel Erigeron tertium The third kind of Groundswel †The Description THE great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaues deeply iagged and knawen vpō both sides like to the leaues of white Mustard or senuie The stalke is two foote high or more at the top whereof growe smal knoppes which do open into smal yellow flowers the which are sodenly gone changed into downie blowbawles like to the heades of Dantdelyon and are blowen away with the winde The roote is hearie and the whole herbe is of a strange smell The lesser Groundswel hath greene leaues whiche be also much torne and deepely iagged vpon both sides like the leaues of the great groundswell but a great deale smaller greener smother and not so rough The stalke is a spanne long at the toppe whereof growe yellow flowers whiche do also chaunge sodenly into hoare heades or blowbawles and doo flye away with the winde The roote is hearie and hath no proper smell The third Groundswel hath a straight slender stemme of a browne purple colour and set full of fine cotton or downie heares the leaues be long and narrow At the top of the stalkes grow smal knoppes out of which come smal pale yellow flowers the whiche incontinently after their opening do change and become so sodenly gray or white that he that taketh not the better heede may thinke that they are so at the first opening of the knoppes for euen the self same day and sometimes the very same houre of their opening they become gray or hoare and shortly after the knoppes do spreade abrode and open and the gray heare with the seede are blowen and carried away with the winde The roote is small and very tender †The Place The great Groundswel groweth in sandy groundes and alongst by wayes and pathes The lesser is often found amongst potherbes and commonly in the feeldes The thirde groweth in darke shadowed wooddes and dry Countries †The Tyme The great Groundswel flowreth in Iune and Iuly The lesser Groundswel flowreth al the sommer and somtimes also in winter when it is milde and not to colde The thirde flowreth at Midsomer ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Senecio of some Herbulū or Erechtites in Frenche Seneceon or Senesson in high Douche Grindtkraut in English Groundswel The first kinde is called Senecio
common Mallowe yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same Of Cucumbers Chap. xxviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cucumbers the garden and the wilde Cucumber The garden Cucumber is vsed in meates The wild kind is not good for that purpose but serueth onely for medicine we haue giuen you his description in the thirde booke of this historie the xl Chapter †The Description THE garden and eateable Cucumber hath long rough branches creeping alongest the grounde vpon whiche growe rough roundishe leaues and claspers or tendrelles The flowers growe betwixt the leaues and the stalkes of a faint yellowe colour that which being fallen away the fruite foloweth after which is long the outside thereof is sparckled and set full of litle bowles of bosses the coastes or sides be long greene at the beginning afterward yellow within the whiche groweth a broade or large white seede The roote is of a competent length †The Place These Cucumbers are sowen in gardens and loue places standing well in the Sonne †The Tyme The chiefest season for the eating of Cucumbers is in Iuly and August and they are ripe in September Cucumis satiuus Melopepon Galeni Cucumbers ⧠The Names This kinde of Cucumber is called of the later writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis satiuus or Cucumer satiuus of some Cucumis Anguinus or Anguria in shops Cucumer in French Concombre ▪ in high Douche Cucumern and Gurchen in base Almaigne Concommeren and this seemeth to be the same which Galen in libris de Alimentorum facultatibus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Melopepon †The Nature The Cucumber is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues Cucumber taken in meates is good for the stomacke and bowels that are troubled with heate but it yeeldeth small nourrishment euil insomuch that the immesurable vse thereof fylleth the vaynes with colde noughtie humours the whiche bycause they may not be conuerted into good blood doo at the length bryng foorth long and great agues and other diseases as Galen writeth The seede dronken with milke or sweete wine looseth the belly gently and is very good agaynst the exulceration rawnesse of the bladder and inwarde stopping of the same The greene leaues stamped with wine and layde to heale the bitinges of Dogges Of Melones and Pepones Chap. xxix ⧠The Kyndes THE Pepon is a kinde of Cucumber the whiche is nowe of diuers sortes as the great round and flat whereof the great is also of two sortes that is white and greene Pepones magni Great Melons or Pepons Pepones rotundi Round Melons or Pepons †The Description THe great Pepon hath long round great rough and hollow branches beset with short sharpe prickles The leaues be great broade rough parted into foure or fiue deepe cuttes or iagges much greater then the leaues of the Gourde by the sayde leaues come foorth clasping tendrelles whereby this Pepon groweth vp and taketh holdfast by euery thyng The flowers growe amongst the leaues very great and hollowe within iagged about the edges and of a yellowe colour The fruite is very bigge thicke and and long one sort thereof is of a greenishe colour with many ribbes or costes and the rinde is very harde the other sorte is white couered with a soft and tender rinde The seede is inclosed in the fruite and is white and broade much larger then the seede of the Cucumber The seconde kind whose fruite is round hath also prickly stalkes leaues the stalkes be smaller and most commonly creepe alongst the grounde The leaues be also smaller and not so deepe cut or rent The flowers be yellow lyke the flowers of great Melon or Pepō The fruite is rounde and somewhat the other white wherin groweth the flat whereof one sorte is greene and sede smaller than the sede of the other Pepone and greater than the seede of the Cucumber The thirde kinde of Pepones is muche lyke to the seconde in creepyng branches leaues and flowers but the stalkes be not so rough the fruite is flat brode and round couered with a soft and gentle rynde or coueryng cronkeled wrinckled about the borders or edgis lyke to a buckler wherin is the seede lyke to the seede of the Cucumber but greater There is also a wilde kinde of Pepons which are lyke the tame Pepons in stalkes and rough leaues but the fruite is smaller and altogither bitter lyke to Coloquintida or the wilde Gourde or wilde Cucumber wherevnto this wilde kinde is agreeable in vertue and operation Pepones lati Brode Melons or Pepons †The Place All these kindes of Melons and Pepons are sowen in gardens and vsed in meates except the wilde kind †The Tyme The fruite is ripe in August and sometimes sooner if it be a hoate season and a forwarde yere ¶ The Names This fruit is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Pepones of Galen also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sicyopepones that is to say Pepones Cucumerales Cucumber Pepons The first kinde is called in English Melons and Pepons in Frenche Pompons dyuer or Citroulen in high Douche Pseben in base Almaigne Pepoenen of the newe writers in Latine Magni Pepones of some Cucumeres Turcici in Almaigne accordingly Turckischer Cucumeren Torcksche Cōcommeren The seconde kinde of Pepons is called Pepo or Cucumis marinus of some Zuccomarin in French Concombre marin Pompons Turquins in Douch Zee Concommere in Englishe Pompons or Melons we may also name them Sea Cucumbers or Turkie Pompons The thirde kinde whiche is the large Pompone is for the same cause called Pepones lati Broade Pepons in Douche Breede Pepoenen and of some Torcksche Meloenen that is to say Turkie Melons †The Nature The garden Melons or Pompons are colde and moyst but not so moyst as the Cucumbers †The Vertues The fruit of the garden Pepon is not often eaten raw but wel boyled with good flesh or sweete milke for being so prepared it is better and lesse hurtfull than the Cucumber and is good for suche as haue a hoate stomacke The flesh or substance of Pepons finely stamped doth swage and heale the inflammations of the eye if it be layde vnto them and being bound to the forehead it stoppeth the falling downe of humours into the eyes The seede of Pepons powned with meale and their owne iuyce doth beautifie the face for it taketh away freckles and alspottes of the face if the place be well rubbed with it in the Sonne The quantitie of a dramme of the dried roote taken with meade or honied water maketh one to vomite The same layde to with honie healeth the sores of the heate whiche be full of corruption and filthy matter Of Citrulle Cucumber Chap. xxx †The Description THe Citrul or Citrō Cucumber is also a kind of Cucumber hauing rounde rough stalkes full of Capreoles or clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh hold vpon hedges and stakes The leaues be al iagged
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scandix herba scauaria Acus pastoris or Acula bycause his sede is like to a needel in Frenche Aguille de berger in Spanishe Quixones in base Almaigne Naeldenkeruel in Englishe Shepheardes Needel wilde Cheruel and Needel Cheruill Scandix ¶ The Nature Scandix is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Scandix eaten is good wholesome for the stomacke and belly in times past hath bene a common herbe amongst the Greekes but of smal estimation value taken but onely for a wilde wurt or herbe Aristophanes in times past by occasion of this herbe taunted Euripides saying that his mother was not a seller of wurtes or good potherbes but onely of Scandix as Plinie writeth The same boyled and dronken openeth the stoppings of the liuer kidneyes and the bladder and is good for all the inwarde partes and bowels of man Of Myrrhis Casshes or Caxes Chap. liij †The Description MYrrhis in leaues and stalkes is somwhat lyke Hemlocke it hath great large leaues very much cut and iagged diuided into many partes hauing sometime white speckles or spottes The stalkes be rounde somewhat crested and two or three foote long at the top of the stalkes growe rundels or spokie tuftes with white flowers and after them commeth a long seede The roote is long rounde not much differing in taste and sauour from Carrot The whole herbe but especially the first leaues are beset with a soft downe or fine heare and are in smell sauour much lyke to Cheruil and therfore it is called in base Almaigne wilde Keruel that is to say Wilde Cheruel †The Place This herbe groweth of his owne kind in some medowes of Douchlande in this Countrie the Herboristes doo sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme This herbe bloweth in May and his seede is rype in Iune Myrrhis †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Myrrhis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myrrha and of the writers at these dayes Cicutaria bycause it doth somewhat resemble Hemlocke whiche is named in Latine Cicuta in Frenche Cicutaire or Persil d'asne in high Douche Wilder Korffel in base Almaigne Wilde Keruel in Englishe as Turner sayth Casshes or Caxes bycause Spinsters vse the stemmes both of this herbe and Hemlocke for quilles and Caxes to winde yarne vpon it may be called also wilde Cheruell or mocke Cheruill †The Nature Myrrhis especially the roote is hoate in the second degree of subtil partes †The Vertues The roote of Myrrhis dronken with wine prouoketh womēs flowers deliuereth the secondine dead child purgeth clenseth women after their deliuerance The same taken in lyke fort prouoketh vrine is good against the bitinges of feelde Spiders and suche lyke venemous beastes The same boyled in the broth of fleshe doth clense the breast from fleme and other coruption and is very good for suche as are leane and vnlustie or falling into consumption They say also that it is good to be drōken in wine in the time of Pestilence and that suche as haue dronken three or foure times of the same wine shall not be infected with the plague Of Asparagus Chap. liiij †The Kindes There be two sortes of Asparagus the garden and wilde Asparagus Asparagus Sperage Corruda Wilde Sperage †The Description THe Asparagus of the gardē at his first comming foorth of the ground putteth foorth long shutes or tender stalkes playne rounde without leaues as bigge as ones finger grosse and thicke hauing at the top a certayne bud or knop the whiche afterwarde spreadeth abrode into many branches hanging lyke heares The fruite groweth vpon the branches lyke round berries first greene and afterward of a yellowish red ▪ euen of the colour of Coral within that berrie is a blacke sede The rootes be long and slender and interlaced or wouen one in another The wilde Asparagus in his first springes and fruite is muche lyke to the garden Sparagus the rest is altogither rough and pricking for in steede of the long soft heares wherewithal the garden Asparagus is couered this hath nothing els but thornes very smal hard short prickley wherwithal the brāches are furnished †The Place The manured or tame Asparagus groweth in Burgundie and some other Countries as in Almaigne in stony places where as is good earth and fatte ground in this Countrie it is planted in the gardens of Herboristes The wilde kinde groweth in certayne places of Italy and throughout all Languedoc The bare stalkes or first tender springes of Asparagus shute vp in Aprill at what time they be boyled eaten in salade with oyle salt vineger The fruit is ripe in August ⧠The Names Garden Asparagus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus in shops Sparag in high douch Spargē in base Almain Coraelcruyt in english sperage The wild Asparagus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Asparagus syluestris and Curruda vnknowen in the shoppes of this Countrie ¶ The Nature Asparagus especially the rootes are temperate in heate and cold taking part of a certaine drynesse ⧠The Vertues The first tender springs of Asparagus parboyled eaten with oyle vineger prouoke vrine and are good agaynst the strangurie and they soften the belly The decoction or broth of Asparagus by it selfe or with Ciche Peason dronken openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and kidneyes and also it is good against the Iaundice stopping of the water strangury and the grauel stone Some say that if it be taken in the same maner it easeth and consumeth the Sciatica and payne of members out of ioynt The roote boyled in wine is good for thē that are bitten of any venemous beast Of Senuie or Mustarde Chap. lv †The Kyndes There be two sortes of Senuie the tame the wilde wherof also the tame or garden Senuie is of two sortes the one with a great white seede the other hauing a litle browne seede Sinapi hortense Mustarde seede Sinapi syluestre Wilde Mustarde seede †The Description THe tame white Mustarde hath great rough leaues at the first not much vnlike the leaues of Turnep but after the first leaues there folowe other that are smaller more iagged growing vpon the stalkes whiche hearie three or foure foote long diuideth it self into many brāches alongest that which grow yellowish flowers after them long hearie huskes or coddes wherin is the sede which is round pale greater then Rape sede in taste sharpe hoate The seconde kinde of tame Mustarde with the browne seede whiche is the blacke Mustarde common Senuy is like to the aforesayd in leaues sralkes and growing The flowers be yellow The sede is browne smaller then Rape seede and in taste also sharpe and hoate The wilde kind hath great large leaues very much iagged and rough with stalkes like the other but it groweth not so high The
beaten ¶ The Place The garden Rockat is planted in gardens and is also found in this Countrie in certayne rude vntoyled and stonie places and vpon olde broken walles The wild Rockat is found also in stony places about high wayes pathes †The Tyme Rockat flowreth cheefely in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Rockat is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruca in Frenche Roquette in Douche Roket in base Almaigne Rakette The first and also the third kind is called Eruca satiua hortensis in French Roquette domestique or cultiueé in base Almaigne Roomsche Rakette in English Garden or tame Rockat and Rockat gentil The wilde is called Eruca syluestris that is to say wilde Rockat in base Almaigne wilde Rakette †The Nature Rockat is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues Rockat is a good Salade herbe to be eaten with Letuce Purcelayne and other like colde herbes for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the stomacke causeth that such colde herbes do not hurt the stomacke but if Rockat be eaten alone it causeth headache and heateth to much therfore it must neuer be eaten alone but alwayes with Letuce or Purcelayne The vse therof stirreth vp bodyly pleasure especially of the seede also it prouoketh vrine and helpeth the digestion of the meates The seede thereof is good against the poyson of the Scorpion Shrowe and suche like venemous beastes The seede layd to with hony taketh away freckles lentils other faultes of the face also it taketh away blacke and blewe spottes and scarres layde to with the gawle of an Oxe Men say that who so taketh the seede of Rockat before he be beaten or whipt shal be so hardened that he shall easily endure the payne according as Plinie writeth The roote boyled in water draweth foorth shardes and splinters of broken bones being layde therevpon Of Tarragon or biting Dragon Chap. lviij †The Description TArragon hath long narrow darke grene leaues in taste very sharpe and burning or biting the tongue almost like Rockat not muche vnlyke the leaues of common Hysope but muche longer and somewhat larger The stalkes be rounde of two foote hygh parted into many branches vpon whiche growe many small knoppes or litle buttons the which at their opening shewe many small flowers as yellowe as golde intermingled with blacke They being past commeth the seede The roote is long and small very threddy creeping alongst the grounde hither and thither putteth foorth yerely here and there newe stalkes and springes Ruellius in his second booke Chap. xcvj saith that this herbe cōmeth of Lineseede put into a Radish roote or within the scale of the sea Onyon called Scylla in Latine and so set into the grounde and planted and therefore he saith it hath part of both their natures for it draweth partly towardes vineger and partly towardes salt as may be iudged by the taste †The Place Tarragon is planted in gardens but yet it is not very common †The Tyme Tarragon abideth greene from the moneth of Marche almost to winter but it flowreth in Iuly †The Names This herbe hath not bene written of by any learned man before Ruellius tyme neyther is it yet wel knowen but in some places of Englande France and certayne Townes of this Countrie as Anwarpe Bruxelles Malines c. where as it was first brought out of France And therfore it hath none other name but that whiche was geuen first by the Frenchemen who called it Targon and Dragon and according to the same it is called in Latine Draco and of some Dracunculus hortensis that is the litle Dragon of the garden it is also called in Englishe Tarragon whiche shoulde seeme to be borowed from the Frenche neuerthelesse it was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing Draco †The Nature All this herbe is hoate and burning in the mouth and vpon the tongue whereby it is certayne that it is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and in temperature muche lyke to Rockat †The Vertues This herbe is also good to be eaten in Salade with Letuce as Rockat for it correcteth the coldenesse of Letuce and suche lyke colde herbes Moreouer where this herbe is put into the Salade there needeth not much vineger nor salt for as Ruelius writeth it is sharpe and salt ynough of it selfe Of Cresses Chap. lix †The Description GArden Cresses haue small narrowe iagged leaues of a sharpe burnyng taste the stalkes be rounde of a foote long and bring foorth many small white flowers and after them little rounde flat huskes within which the seede is contayned of abrowne reddish colour ¶ The Place Cresses are commonly sowen in all gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Cresses that are timely sowen bring foorth their seede bytime but that whiche is later sowen bringeth foorth flowers and seeede more lately †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nasturtium of some later writers Cressio in Frenche Cresson alnoys or Nasitort in high Douche Kresz and Garten Kresz in base Almaigne Kersse in English Cresses Towne Kars or Towne Cresses †The Nature Cresses are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree especially the seede and the herbe when it is drie for being but yet greene they do not heate nor dry so vehemently but that they may be eaten with bread as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Cresses eaten in Salade with Letuce is of vertue like to Rockat good amōgst cold herbes for eaten alone it ouerturneth the stomacke and hurteth the same bycause of his great heate and sharpenesse The seede looseth the belly and killeth and driueth foorth wormes it diminisheth the melte prouoketh the flowers and putteth foorth the secondine and the dead childe It is good against Serpentes and venemous beastes and the parfume of the same causeth them them auoyde The same taken with the broth of a pullet or chicken or any other lyke moyst meates doth ripe and bring foorth tough fleme wherewithall the breast is combred or charged The same laide to with hony cureth the hardnesse of the melte scoureth away scuruinesse and fowle spreading scabbes dissolueth colde swellinges and keepeth the heare from falling of Nasturtium Being layd to with hony vineger it is good against the Sciatica payne in the hippes and the head ache that is olde and against all olde colde diseases To conclude the seede of Cresses is in vertue very lyke Senuie as Galen writeth Of water Cresses Chap. lx ¶ The Kindes Water Cresses are of two sortes great and small †The Description The great water Cresse hath rounde holowe stalkes of a foote and a halfe long with lōg leaues made of diuers other litle roundish leaues standing togither vpon one stemme The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the branches alongst the stemmes after whiche folow smal coddes or huskes within which is the seede which is small and
Almaigne Pfefferkraut in base Almaigne Pepercruyt This shoulde seeme to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lepidium of Paulus Aegineta of Plinie yet for all that this is not Lepidium of Dioscorides neither yet Plinies Piperitis although it be of some men sometimes so called it is fondly and vnlearnedly named in Englishe Dittany It were better in folowing the Douchemen to call it Pepperwurt Piperitis ¶ The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Some in these dayes vse this herbe with meates in steede of Pepper bycause it hath the nature and taste of Pepper wherof it tooke the name Piperitis And bycause the roote of this herbe is very hoate and of complexion lyke to Mustarde or Rockat it is therfore also very good agaynst the Sciatica being applyed outwardly to the huckle bone or hanche with some soft grease as of the Goose or Capon Of water Pepper Chap. lxvij †The Description WAter Pepper hath plaine roūd smooth or naked stalkes branches ful of ioyntes the leaues be long narrow not much vnlyke the leaues of withy of a hoate burning taste lyke Pepper at the top of the stalkes amongst the leaues growe the flowers vpon short stems clustering or growyng thicke togither almost lyke the flowers of Blite smal and white the whiche past there commeth a broade seede somewhat browne which biteth the tongue the roote is hearie †The Place This herbe groweth in all this Countrie in pooles diches standing waters and moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iuly August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hydropiper Piper aquaticū in French Poyure aquatique or Couraige in high Douch Waster Pfeffer or Muckenkraut in base Almaigne Water Peper in English Water pepper or Water-pepperwurt and of some Curagie †The Nature Water Pepper is hoate and drie in the third degre †The Vertues The leaues seede of water Pepper or Curaige doth wast consume colde swellinges and old hardnes also it dissolueth scattereth congeled or clotted blood that commeth of stripes bruses being laid therto The dried leaues be made into powder to be vsed with meate in steede of Pepper as our Dyttanie or Passerage is vsed Of Arsesmart Chap. lxviij †The Description THis herbe is lyke to water Pepper in leaues stalkes clustering flowers but it is neither hoat nor sharpe but most cōmonly without any manifest taste The stalkes be round haue many knobby ioyntes lyke knees The leaues be long and narrowe lyke the leaues of water Pepper but browner with blackish spottes in the middle which are not found in the leaues of water Pepper The flowers be of a carnation or light Hydropiper Persicaria red colour clustering togither in knops after whiche commeth abrode browne seede The roote is yellowe and hearie †The Place This herbe groweth also in moyst marrishe places and alongst the water plasshettes and is oftentimes founde growing neare to the water Pepper †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August and shortly after it is in seede †The Names This herbe is called of the latter writers in Latine Persicaria in Frenche Persicaire of some Curaige in high Douch Persichkraut or Flochkraut in base Almaigne Persickcruyt and of some Vloocruyt in Englishe Arsse-smart or Ciderage †The Nature Arsesmart is colde and dry of complexion †The Vertues The greene Arsesmart pound is good to be laid to greene or fresh woundes for it doth coole and comfort them and keepeth them both from inflammation and apostumation and so doth the iuyce of the leaues dropped in Of Indian Pepper Chap. lxix †The Kindes THere be three sortes of this Pepper the one with huskes of a meane lēgth and greatnesse the others huskes be long and narrow and the third hath short brode huskes in al things els not much vnlyke one another in figure and manner of growing Capsiacum Indian Pepper Capsiacum oblongius Long Indian Pepper †The Description THe Indian Pepper hath square stalkes somewhat browne of a foote high vpon whiche growe brownish leaues smooth tender almost lyke to the leaues of common Morrel or Nightshade but narrower sharper poynted Amongst the leaues growe flowers vpō short stemmes with fiue or sixe smal leaues of colour white with a greene starre in the middle After the flowers come smooth and playne huskes whiche before they be rype are of a greene colour and afterwarde red and purple The huskes of the first kinde are of a finger length The huskes of the second kind be lōger narrower They of the third kind are large short and round In the sayde huskes is founde the seede or graines of a pale yellow color brode hoate and of a biting taste lyke Pepper †The Place This herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this Countrie but some Herboristes doo set and maintayne it in their gardens with great care and diligence †The Tyme The seede of this Pepper is ripe in this Countrie in Septēber before winter Capsicum latum Large Pepper of Indie ¶ The Names This strange herbe is called of Actuarius in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Capsicum of Auicen Zingiber caninū of Plinie after the opinion of some men Siliquastrum and Piperitis of such as write in these dayes Piper Indianum Piper Calecuthium and Piper Hispanum in high Douche Indianischer Pfeffer Calecutischer Pfeffer in Frenche Poyure d'Inde or d' Espaigne in base Almaigne Peper van Indien and Bresilie Peper in Englishe Indian Pepper or Calecute Pepper †The Nature The Indian Pepper is hoate and drie in thirde degree †The Vertues Indian Pepper is vsed in diuers places for the dressing of meates for it hath the same vertue and taste as the vsual Pepper hath furthermore it coloureth lyke Saffron and being taken in such sorte it warmeth the stomacke and helpeth greatly the digestion of meates The same doth also dissolue and consume the swelling about the throte called the kinges euyll all kernelles and al colde swellinges and taketh away al spottes and Lentiles of the face being layed therevnto with hony †The Danger It is dangerous to be often vsed or in to great a quantitie for this Pepper hath in it a certayne hidden euyll qualitie whereby it killeth Dogges if it be giuen them to eate Of Pepper Chap. lxx †The Kindes THe old and ancient Physitions do describe and set foorth there kindes of Pepper that is to say the long the white and the klacke Pepper the which a man shal euen in these dayes find to be sold in the shops of the Apothecaries and Grossers †The Description AS touching the proportion figure of the tree or plante that beareth Pepper we haue nothing els to write sauing that we haue found described of the Auncientes and such as haue trauayled into India and the Countries about Calecute and bycause this is a strange kynde of of fruite not growing amongst
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
Africa Arabia Lybia other hoate Countries are very hoate euen almost in the third degree causing wheales pustulles and vlcers in the mouth consuming and eating the flesh euen to the bones but they which growe in Italy and Spayne be not so strong and as Simeon Sethy writeth they be hoate and drie in the seconde degree and therfore are fitter to be eaten bycause they be moderately hoate dry astringent especial the barke of the roote which is most desired in Physicke for the flowers young leaues be not of so strong operation and therefore doo serue better to be eaten with meates †The Vertues The barke of the roote of Capers is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the milt to be taken with Oximel or mingled with oyles oyntments fit for that purpose applyed or layd to outwardly vpon the place of the milt Also they vse with great profite to giue of this roote in drinke to suche as haue the Sciatica the Palsie and to them that are brused or squat or haue fallen from aboue It stirreth vp womens desyred sicknesse doth so mightily prouoke vrine that it waxeth blooddy if it be to muche vsed and in to great a quantitie It cleanseth olde vlcers and rotten sores that are harde to heale and layde to with vineger it taketh away fowle white spottes and morphew The fruite and leaues of Capers haue the lyke vertue as the rootes but not so strong as Galen sayth The seede of Capers boyled in vineger and kept warme in the mouth swageth toothe ache The iuyce of the leaues flowers and young fruite of Capers killeth the wormes of the eares when it is dropped in The Capers preserued in salt or pickel as they be brought into this Countrie being washed boyled and eaten with vineger are meate and medicine for it stirreth vp appetite openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and milt consumeth and wasteth the colde flemes that is gathered about the stomacke Yet they nourishe very litle or nothing at all as Galen saith Of Gooseberies Chap. xix †The Description THE Gooseberie bushe is a wooddishe prickley plante growing to the height of two three or foure foote with many whitishe branches set full of sharpe prickles and smothe leaues of a light greene colour somewhat large and round cut in snipt about almost like to vine leaues Amongst the leaues growe smal flowers and after them rounde beries the whiche are first greene but when they waxe ripe they are somewhat yellowe or reddishe and cleare through shining of a pleasant taste some what sweete The roote is slender harde wooddishe and full of hearie stringes †The Place The Gooseberie is planted commonly almost in euery garden of this Coūtrie alongest the hedges borders of the same †The Tyme The Goosebery bush springeth bytimes and waxeth greene in Marche yea and sometimes in Februarie it flowreth in April and bringeth foorth his fruit in May the which is muche vsed in meates The fruite is ripe at the ende of Iune Vua Crispa †The Names The Gooseberie is called of the later writers in Latine Grossularia Gesnere thinketh it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spina Ceanothos of Theophrastus The fruite is called in Latine Vua crispa of some Grossula of Matthiolus Vua spina whiche may be Englished Thorne grape in Frenche des Groisselles ▪ in high Douche Kreuszbeer and Kruselbeer in base Almaigne Stekelbesien or Kroesbesien and of some also Knoeselen †The Nature The fruite before it is ripe for then it is most vsed is colde and drie in the seconde degree and binding almost of the same nature that the vnripe grapes of the vine are †The Vertues The vnripe Gooseberie stoppeth the belly and all issue of blood especially the iuyce of them pressed foorth and dried The same greene Gooseberies or their iuyce is very good to be layd vpon hoate inflammations Erysipelas and wilde fire The leaues be likewise good for the same purpose but not al thing so vertuous The greene Gooseberie eaten with meates prouoketh appetite cooleth the vehemēt heate of the stomacke and liuer and doth swage and mitigate the inwarde heate of the same and is good against agues The young leaues eaten rawe do prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the grauell and stone Of redde Gooseberies Chap. xx ¶ The Kyndes OF these beries there be two sortes in this Countrie the one beareth ared fruite of a pleasant taste the other beareth a blacke fruit of an vnpleasant taste †The Description THE red beyondsea Gooseberie hath woddishe pliant branches couered with a brownish barke and brode blackishe leaues not muche vnlyke vine leaues but smaller The flowers growe amongst the leaues vppon the young sprigges or sprayes clustering togither and a great many hanging downeward by smal stringes or stemmes whē those flowers be past there grow vpon euery syde of the said stringes many small greene berries at the first the which afterwarde waxered of a pleasant quicke and sharpe taste The blacke Gooseberies are lyke to the aforesayde in branches leaues flowers and fruite sauing they be of a blacke colour and vnpleasant taste and therefore not vsed †The Place Beyondsea Gooseberies are planted in diuers gardens wherewithall they vse to make twisted hedges alongst by the allies and borders of gardens The blacke Goosederies growe of them selues in moyst vntoyled places alongst by the ditches water courses Vua vrsi Galeni Ribes vulgò †The Time Beyondsea Gooseberies are most commonly rype in Iuly †The Names This plant is called of the later writers in Latine Grossularia rubra Grossu laria transmarina Ribes and Ribesum yet this is not right Ribes The fruite is also called of the later writers Groslulę transmarinae and it shoulde seeme to be the fruite the whiche Galen lib. 7. de medicamentis secundùm loca calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vuae vrsi in shoppes they cal it Ribes in French Groiselles d'outre mer in high Douche S. Iohans treuble or Treublin and S. Iohans beerlin in base Almaigne Besiekens ouer zea and Aelbesiekens The first kinde is called Grossulae rubrae Ribes rubrum in Englishe Redde Gooseberies Beyondsea Gooseberies Bastard Corinthes common Ribes in Frenche Groiselles rouges in base Almaigne Roode Aelbesien and of this sort onely they vse in shoppes and meates The second kinde is called Ribes nigrum in English Blacke Gooseberies or blacke Ribes in Frenche Groiselles noires in base Almaigne Swerte Aelbesien †The Nature The red Gooseberies are cold and drie in the second degree and astringent or binding ⧠The Vertues Red Gooseberies do refreshe and coole the hoate stomacke and liuer and it is very good to be takē against al inflammation burning heate of the blood and hoate agues The same holden in the mouth chewed is good against al inflammation and hoate tumours in the mouth and quencheth thirst in hoate agues It stoppeth the laske comming of a cholerique humour and
not so blackishe as the leaues of the greater Myrtel The flowers be also white nothing differing from the others sauing that they be somewhat smaller and sometimes in leaues more doubble Also there is nowe founde a kinde of Myrtell whose leaues be greatest which be almost as large as the leaues of Periuincle called in Latine Periuinca in all thinges els lyke to the others Myrtus Myrtel tree ¶ The Place The Myrtell tree or bush groweth plentifully in Spayne and Italy about Naples It groweth not in this Counitre but in the gardens of certaine Herboristes the whiche do set it in paniers or baskettes with great heede and diligence they preserue it from the colde of winter for it cannot indure the colde of this Countrie The small Myrtell is more common in this Countrie than the greater †The Tyme The Myrtell tree flowreth but seldome in this Countrie except sometimes in a very hoate sommer then it flowreth in Iune without bearing either fruit or seede †The Names The Myrtell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Myrtus by the whiche name it is knowen in the shopppes of this Countrie The fruite of the Myrtel is called in shops Myrtilli †The cause of the Name The Myrtel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bycause of a young Mayden of Athenes named Myrsine who in beautie excelled all the Maydens of that Citie and in strength actiuitie al the lustie laddes or braue young men of Athenes wherefore she was tenderly beloued of the Goddesse Pallas or Mincrua Who willed her to be alwayes present at tourney and tilte running vauting and other such playes of actiuitie or exercise to the intent she should afterward as a iudge giue the garlande or Crowne of honour to suche as wan the price and best deserued the same but some of them who were vanquished were so muche displeased with her iudgement that they slue her The whiche thing as soone as the Goddesse Minerue perceiued she caused the sweete Myrtell to spring vp and called it Myrsine after the name of the Damosell Myrsine to the honour and perpetuall memorie of her whiche tree or plante she loueth asmuche as euer she loued the young Damosel Myrsine †The Nature Myrtell is drie in the thirde degree and colde in the first †The Vertues Myrtel beries are good to be giuen them which do spet vomit or pisse blood for they stoppe all issue of blood and the superfluous course of the menstruall flowers The same be also good against the laske the sores or vlcers of the blader The dried iuyce of Myrtelles serueth well for all the aforesayde purposes and also for the weake and moyst stomacke agaynst the stingings of Scorpions and the felde spider The decoction of Myrtel beries maketh the heare blacke keepeth it from falling it cureth the euil sores of the head and clenseth the same from roome or scuruie scales if the head be often washed therewithal It is good to washe outward vlcers and sores with the wine in which the seede of Myrtel hath ben boyled It is also profitable to be layd to the inflammations of the eyes with a little fine flower and agaynst the filthie matter or running of the eares being dropped therein It keepeth from dronkennesse if it be taken before hande The decoction of the seede and leaues of Myrtell stoppeth the superfluous course of the flowers if you cause them to sit or bath in it It is good to washe suche members as haue bene bursten or out of ioynt for it doth strengthen and comfort them The greene leaues of Myrtell are good to be layde vpon moyst sores and vpon all partes in whiche there is any great falling downe of humours The same with oyle of Roses or any other of the same operation is good against consuming sores and rotten vlcers wilde fire spreading tetters other such hoate scabbes or pustules The drie leaues of Myrtel layde to with conuenient oyntmentes or salues do heale the exulceration of the nayles aswel of the handes as of the feete and do take away the sweat of all the body Of the Bay tree Chap. xxiiij ¶ The Kindes There are two sortes of Bay trees the one with greene boughes branches and harde thicke leaues the other hath reddishe branches especially when it is young and softer leaues and more gentle then the first †The Description THE first kind of Bay groweth sometimes very high with a harde or thicke stem body or tronke the whiche parteth it selfe into many boughes branches couered with a greene rinde or barke and beareth leaues that be brode lōg hard thicke sweete smelling amongst which there rise small white or yellowishe knoppes the whiche doo open into flowers of an herbish colour and do change afterward into a long fruite couered without with a thicke blacke browne pyll or barke in which the kernell lyeth of a whitish gray colour fat oylie in taste sharpe bitter The seconde kind of Bay is not much vnlyke the first sauing that it groweth not so high and it putteth foorth oftentimes newe shutes or branches from the roote the whiche do often grow as high as the principall branches so that this Bay doth seldome growe to the fashion or shape of a tree The shutes branches of this Bay are reddishe and sometimes very red and when they waxe olde they are browne redde The leaues be lyke to the others sauing that they be more tender and soft and as well smelling as the other Laurus Laurel or Bay tree †The Place Bay groweth plentifully in Spayne and the lyke hoate Countries in this lowe Countrie they plant it in gardens and defende it in the winter time from colde with great diligence sauing Zealande and by the Sea syde in saltishe groundes for there it groweth well of his owne accorde and dieth not in the winter season as it doth in sweete groundes †The Tyme The Bay tree looseth not his leaues but abydeth greene both winter and sommer And about Marche or Aprill it putteth foorth new leaues springes it bringeth foorth no fruite in the lower Germanie but in Englande it beareth plentie †The Names The Bay is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laurus in high Douche Lorbeerbaum in base Almaigne Laurus boom in Englishe Bay or Laurel tree The fruit is called in Latine Lauri baccę in English Bay beries in French Bayes or Graines de Laurier in high Douche Lorbeeren in base Almaigne Bakeleers †The cause of the Name The Bay tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the name of a young Nymphe called Daphne the daughter of Ladon and the earth whom the God Apollo loued and was muche enamoured of her so that he folowed her euery where so long that at the last he tooke hold of her and held her fast But she not otherwise able to auoyde the importunate sewte of Apollo sodaynely called for succour of
tame Pomegranate tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Cytini The flowers of the wilde after Dioscorides are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 accordingly in Latine Balaustium in French Des Balustres And these flowers are very double and there foloweth no fruite after The flowers that bring foorth fruite are single and therefore they are named the tame The rinde or pill of the Pomegranate is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malicorium and Sidium †The Nature Pomegranates be colde and somewhat astringent but not al of a lyke sort The sower are more drying and astringent The sweete are not so much astringent but more moyst then the others Those that be in taste lyke wine are indifferent ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the Pomegrate is very good for the stomacke comforting the same when it is weake and feeble and cooling when it is to hoate or burning it is good also against the weaknesse and wambling of the stomacke lyke as the iuyce of Orenges and Citrons and it is very good against al hoate agues and the inflammation of the liuer and blood especially the iuyce of the sower Pomegranates and next to them suche as be of winish taste for the sweete Pomegranates bycause they engender a litle heate and breede winde are not very meete to be vsed in agues The blossomes both of the tame and wilde Pomegranate trees as also the rinde or shell of the Pomegranate made into powder and eaten or boyled in red wine and dronken are good against the blooddy flixe and the inordinate course of the mother not onely taken as is aforesayde but also to sit or bath in the decoction of the same The same barke or blossoms do stoppe the blood of greene woundes if it be applied in what sort so euer it be The same barke killeth wormes and is a good remedie against the corruption in the stomacke and bowels With the same barke or with the flowers of the Pomegranate the moyst and weake gummes are healed and it fasteneth loose teeth if they be washed with the broth or decoction of the same The barke and as Turner saith the flowers are good to be put into the playsters that are made against burstinges that come by the falling downe of the guttes The seede of Pomegranates dried in the Sonne haue the lyke vertue as the flowers it stoppeth the laske al issue of blood to be taken in the same maner The same mingled with hony is good against the sores and vlcers of the mouth the priuities and fundament Some say as Dioscorides writeth that whosoeuer eateth three flowers of the tame Pomegranate shal be for one whole yere after preserued from dropping or bleared eyes Of the Quince tree Chap. xxxix ¶ The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Quinces the one is rounde called the Apple Quince the other is greater and fashioned lyke a Peare and is called the Peare Quince †The Description THE Quince tree neuer groweth very high but it bringeth foorth many brāches as other trees do The leaues be roundishe greene vppon the vpper side and white and soft vnder the rest of the proportion is lyke to the leaues of the common Apple tree The flower changeth vpon purple mixed with white after the flowers cōmeth the fruite of a pleasant smel in proportion somtimes rounde as an Apple thruste togither and sometimes long lyke a Peare with certayne embowed or swellyng diuisions somewhat resembing the fashion of a garlyke head and when the hearie cotton or downe is rubbed of they appeare as yellow as golde In the middest of the fruite is the seede or kernelles lyke to other Apples Malus Cotonea †The Place Quince trees are planted in gardens and they loue shadowy moyst places †The Tyme The Quince is ripe in September and October †The Names The Quince tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus cotonea in high Douche Quittenbaum oder Kuttenbaum in base Almaigne Queappelboom in Frenche Coingnaciere The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malum Cotoneum in Shoppes Cytonium in Frenche Coing in high Douch Quitten opffel and Kutten opffel in base Almaigne Queappel in English a Quince an Apple or Peare Quince Some call the rounde fruite Poma Citonia in Englishe Apples Quinces in Frenche Pomme de Coing or Coing in base Almaigne Queappelen The other fruite whiche hath the likenes of a Peare Galen calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Struthia and it is called in Englishe the Peare Quince in Frenche Pomme de Coing Coignasse in base Almaigne Quepeeren of some Pyra Cytonia †The Nature The Quince is colde in the first degree and drie in the second and astringent or binding †The Vertues The Quince stoppeth the laske or common fluxe of the belly the Dysenterie all fluxes of blood and is good against the spitting of blood especially when it is rawe for when it is either boyled or rosted it stoppeth not so muche but it is than fitter to be eaten and more pleasant to the taste The woman with childe that eateth of Quinces oftentimes either in meate or otherwayes shal bring foorth wise children of good vnderstanding as Simeon Sethy writeth The Codignac or Marmelade made with honie as it was wonte to be made in times past or with sugar as they vse to make it nowe a dayes is very good and profitable for the stomacke to strengthen the same and to retaine and keepe the meates in the same vntill they be perfectly digested Being taken before meate it stoppeth the laske and after meate it loseth the belly and closeth the mouth of the stomacke so fast that no vapours can come foorth nor ascende vp to the brayne also it cureth the headache springing of suche vapours The decoction or broth of Quinces hath the lyke vertue and stoppeth the belly and all fluxe of blood with the violent running foorth of womens sickenesse With the same they vse to bathe the loose fundement and falling downe of the mother to make them returne into their natural places They do very profitably mixe them with emplaysters that be made to stop the laske and vomiting They be also layde vpon the inflammations and hoate swellinges of the breastes and other partes The downe or heare Cotton that is founde vppon the Quinces sodden in wine and layde therevnto healeth Carbuncles as Plinie writeth The oyle of Quinces stayeth vomitinges gripings in the belly or stomacke with the casting vp of blood if the stomacke be annoynted therewith The flowers of the Quince tree do stoppe the fluxe of the belly the spetting of blood and the menstruall flowers To conclude it hath the same vertue as the Quinces them selues Of the Peache and Abrecok trees Chap. xl †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Peaches whereof the one kinde is late ripe and most commonly white and sometimes yellow also there be some that are red The
in high Douche Quetschen and Blauw Spilling in base Almaigne Pruymen van Damasch The common browne blewe and Crimsen Damsons are called Hispanica The yellowishe Plummes are called in Latine Cerea and Cereola Pruna in Englishe the Wheaten or white Plumme in Frenche Prunes blanches The great rounde redde Plummes are called of some in Latine Pruna asinina in English Horse Plummes in French Prunes de Cheual ▪ in high Douch Roszp flaumen in base Almaigne Rospruymen The least of all whiche be small and rounde are called in Frenche Dauoines in high Douche Herbstp flaumen and in base Almaigne Palloken The wilde Plumme tree Blacke thorne and Sloo tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Prunus syluestris in high Douche Schlehedorn in base Almaigne Slehedoren in Frenche Prunier sauluage The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Englishe Slose whereof that kinde whiche is founde growing vpon the blacke thorne is called Catte Slose and Snagges in Frenche Prunelles or Fourdeines in Latine Prunum syluestre Pruneolum and Prunulum in high Douche Schlehen in base Almaigne Slehen The iuyce of Snagges or Catte Slose is commonly called in Shoppes Acatia and is vsed in steede of Acacia ¶ The Nature The garden Plummes do coole and moysten the stomacke and belly The Snagges and Catte Slose are colde drie and astringent †The Vertues Plummes do nourishe but litle and ingender noughtie blood but they doo gently loose and open the belly especially when they be freshe and newe gathered after they be ripe Plummetree leaues are good against the swelling of the vuula the throte gummes and kernelles vnder the iawes for they stop the Reume flowing downe of humours if a man will gargle with the decoction thereof made in wine as Dioscorides writeth The gumme of the Plummetree dronken in wine breaketh the stone and expelleth grauell as some do write The wilde Plummes doo staye and binde the belly and so doo the vnripe Plummes and all others that be sower and astringent The iuyce of wilde Plummes or Snagges doo stoppe the laske womens flowers and all issue of blood and it may be very wel vsed in steede of Acatia Of Sebestens Chap. xlviij †The Description AMongst the kindes of Plummes those which are called in Shoppes Sebestens may be accounted the which do also growe vppon trees whereof the body or stemme is couered with a white barke and the branches with a greene pil or rind The leaues be roundish The fruit is not muche vnlyke the least kinde of Damsons or Plummes but smaller of a blewishe colour and sweete taste white within and of a viscus or clammie substance in the middle whereof are small stones with kernelles in them lyke to Plumme stones †The Place This fruite groweth in Italy and other hoate regions from whence it is brought alredy dryed vnto vs. †The Names This fruite bycause of his clammishnesse and slyme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myxa and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myxaria in Shoppes Sebesten of some Sebastae of Matthiolus Prunus Sebestena ¶ The Nature The complexion of Sebestens drawe towardes colde and moyst and therfore they be of nature muche lyke to garden Plummes ⧠The Vertues Sebestens be good in hoate agues especially when the belly is stopte or bounde They be also very good against the cough and flowing downe of hoate and salt Catarres and Reumes vpon the breast and lunges They be also good against the inflammation of the bladder and kidneyes and against the strangurie and hoate pisse or the burninges of vrine Of Iuiubes Chap. xlix †The Kindes THere be two fortes of Iuiubes as Columella writeth that is to say redde and white †The Description IViubes is the fruit of a tree as the Sebestens be they be round and long not muche vnlyke an Oliue but smaller of colour either white or red in taste sweete the whiche being long kept waxe drie and full of wrinckles eache Plumine or fruite hath a harde long stone in it lyke in fashion to an Olyue stone but muche lesser ¶ The Place Iuiubes do growe in hoate regions as in Italy and other lyke places ⧠The Names This tree is called of Columella in Latine Ziziphus in English the Iuiub tree in Frenche Iuiubier and Guindoulier The fruite is called Zizipha in shops Iuiubae in English Iuiubes in Frēch Iuiubes and Guindoules in high Douche Brustbeerlin some thinke that Galen called this fruite in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Serica †The Nature Iuiubes are temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues Iuiubes eaten are harde of digestion and nourishe very little but taken in Electuaries syrupes and other medicines they appease mollifie the roughnesse of the throte the breast and lunges and are very good against the cough In the selfe same maner they are very good for the reynes of the backe the kidneyes and the bladder whether they be exulcerated or inflamed or vexed with any sharpe and salt humour Of Cherries Chap. l. ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cherries great and small the small Cherries doo growe vpon high trees and the greater Cherries vpon meane trees And of euery kinde there be two fortes some red some blacke Bysides these kindes there are Cherries that grow three foure and fiue vpon a stemme and also that hang in clusters lyke grapes whereof of the learned Matthiolus hath giuen vs the figures †The Description THat tree which beareth the common small Cherries or Mazars is most commonly great high and thicke lyke to other trees The barke of this tree is playne smooth of colour lyke the barke of the Chesnut tree three or foure fold double the which will suffer to be scaled rinded stripte and pylde like to the barke of the Birche tree The leaues be great and somewhat long hackt about the edges with teeth lyke a sawe The flowers be white and parted into fiue or sixe small leaues The fruite hath a sweete smak or taste of colour sometimes redde sometimes browne in proportion like the greater Cherries but smaller yea sometimes very small In the same there is founde a small stone with a kernell therein closed The tree that beareth the great Cherries is not very high but most commonly of a meane stature in al thinges els like the other both in leaues and flowers The fruite is a litle long and rounde and of a pleasant sweete taste of colour somtimes of a faynt red and almost halfe white and halfe red sometimes browne wel neareall blacke whereof the iuyce stayneth purple or a faire Crimsen lyke to Brasill Cerasia Sweete Cherries Cerasa Racemosa Cluster Cherries Cerasa austera Sower Cherries The sower Cherries are to be be accounted amongst the rest This tree is most commonly weake and tender neither high nor great and therefore of no long continuance The leaues be also smaller but other wayes lyke the leaues of the sweete Cherries the flowers be white
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cornus foemina in Englishe the female Cornel tree Houndes tree and Hounde berie or Dogge berie tree and the Pricke timber tree bycause Butchers vse to make prickes of it in high Douche Hartriegel it is called in Brabant of some Wilden Vlier that is to say Wylde Elder bycause the pith of the young shutes is somewhat like Elder Matthiolus calleth it Virga sanguinea †The Nature The garden or tame Cornell tree or fruite is colde drie and astringent †The Vertues The Cornell fruite of the garden taken in meate or otherwise is good against the laske and bloody flixe also they doo strengthen the weake and hoat stomacke The leaues and tender croppes will heale greene woundes and stoppe the bleeding of the same as Galen saith The wilde Cornell Berries are not vsed in medicine Of the Sorbe tree Chap. lij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Sorbus wherof one kinde is rounde like Apples the second is long after the fashion of Egges and the thirde sorte is brode in the bottome and not muche vnlyke the Peares †The Description THE Sorbe apple tree groweth high with a straight body or stemme of a brownishe colour and many branches couered with long displaied leaues which leaues are made of many slender leaues standing ryght ouer one against another all vppon one stemme whereof eche of the litle leaues by them selues are lōg and iagde about lyke to a sawe The flowers be white after them commeth the fruite in figure sometimes rounde sometimes long and somtimes lyke to a Peare and red vpon the syde next the Sonne ¶ The Place The Sorbus tree delighteth in colde and moyst places vppon mountaynes but cheefely in stony places It is founde in some places of Douchelande †The Tyme The Sorbus tree flowreth in March and his fruite is ripe in September Sorbus Sorbe Apple tree †The Names The tree whervpon this fruite groweth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sorbus in Englishe Sorbe Apple tree and for the rest of the kindes of this tree I referre you to the second part of Maister Turners herbal fol. 143. This tree is called in high Douche Sperwerbaum and in base Almaigne Sorbenboom The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sorbum in Englishe Sorbe Apple in Frenche Corme or Sorbe in high Douche Spiereling vnd Sporapfel in base Almaigne Sorben †The Nature The Sorbus fruite is colde drie and astringent almost lyke to the Medlers †The Vertues The Sorbe Apples gathered before they be rype dryed in the Sonne or otherwise doo stoppe the laske when they be eaten or the decoction of them dronken To conclude the Sorbe Apples or Seruice beries are muche lyke to Medlers in vertue and operation sauing that they be not althing so strong The barke of one kinde of Sorbus whiche is our Quickbeme is in some places wrongfully vsurped in steede of the barke of Tamariske for the diseases of the milte Some also haue vsed to make disshes and drinking Cuppes of the tymber of Quickbeme to drinke out of as a remedie agaynst the Splene but they are deceiued for they shoulde make them of Tamariske timber Of the Arbute or Strawherie tree Chap. liij †The Description THE Arbute is a small tree not muche bygger then a Quince tree the stemme or body whereof is couered with a reddish barke which is rough and scaly The young branches are smooth and redde set full of long broade and thicke leaues hackt rounde about like a sawe The flowers be white smal holow and doo growe in clusters after whiche commeth the fruite which is rounde and of the fashion of a Strawherie greene at the first but afterwarde yellowishe and at lastred when it is ripe ¶ The Place The Arbute tree groweth in many places of Italy and other Countries wild but it is vnknoin this Countrie †The Tyme The Arbute tree flowreth in Iuly and August the fruit is ripe in September at the comming in of winter after that it hath remained hanging vpon the tree by the space of a whole yere Arbutus ⧠The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arbutus of some Vnedo howbeit that name agreeth best with the fruite in Frenche Arbousier in Englishe the Arbute tree and of some Strawberie tree The fruiteis called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or as some write 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vnedo and Memaecylon in Frenche Arboses or Arbousies †The Nature The fruite of the Arbute tree is of a colde temperature †The Danger The fruite of the Arbute tree hurteth the stomacke and causeth headache Of Lotus or Nettle tree Chap. liiij †The Description LOtus is a great high tree spreading abrode his branches whiche be long and large The leaues be also large and rough cut round about the edges after the maner of a sawe The fruite is rounde and bigger then Pepper as Dioscorides writeth hanging vpon long stemmes at the first greene then yellowe and blacke when it is rype and drie and of a pleasant taste and sauour †The Place Lotus groweth plentifully in Africa and is founde also in many places of Italy and Languedoc †The Tyme The fruite of Lotus is ripe in September then it leeseth his leaues and recouereth agayne newe togither with his flowers in the spring time †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lotus Celtis in some places of Italy Bagolaro of some Perlaro in Languedoc Micocoulier and the fruite Micocoules Gesner saith that Celtis is called in French Algsiez or Ledomier Peter Bellon calleth it also in French Fregolier Matthiolus saith that the Arabians call this tree Sadar Sedar or Alsadar the Italians Loto Albero the Spaniardes Almez Turner calleth it in English Lote tree or Nettle tree bycause it hath a leafe lyke a Netle Cooper in his Dictionarie sayth that the fruite of Celtis or Lotos is called in Latine Faba Graeca †The Nature The drie Lotus is restrictiue and of subtil partes Lotus †The Vertues The shauinges or scrapinges of the shiuers or wood of Lotus boyled in water or wine stoppeth the laske the blooddy flixe and womens flowers or the flixe of the mother to be eyther dronken or taken in infuson The fruite doth also stop the belly and is good to be eaten without hurt to the stomacke Of the Chesnut tree Chap. lv †The Description THE Chesnut tree is a very great high thicke tree not much vnlike the Walnut tree The leaues be great large rough and crompled snipt or iagged about like a saw amongst the leaues at the top of the branches grow the Chesnuttes whiche are browne without somewhat flat almost after the fashion of a hart and playne and smooth pollished they be also inclosed in shelles and very rough and prickley huskes lyke to a
good for to washe the teeth agaynst the tooth ache The young and tender leaues wel pounde are good to be layde vpon swellinges and inflammations and do stop the running watering of the eyes Of the Aller Chap. lxxv †The Description THE Aller is a high great tree with many branches the whiche wyll breake quickely and will not lightly ploy nor bende The rinde of this tree is browne The timber is meetely harde and will last a long season vnder water yea longer then any other kinde of timber And therefore they make piles and postes for to lay fundations in fennes soft marrish grounds also they are very good to make pipes condites and troughes for the leading along and carriage of water vnder grounde but aboue ground water wil soone rot and consume it This timber waxeth red assoone as it is spoyled of his rinde and lykewyse when it is old and dry The leaues be somwhat clammie to handle as though they were wet with hony of fashion roundish and somewhat wrinckled not muche vnlyke the leaues of the Hasell nuttes The blowinges of Alder are long tagglets almost like to the blowinges of Birche The fruite is round lyke to small Oliue beris and compacte or made of diuers scales set close togither the which being ripe and dry do open so as the seede whiche is within them falleth out and is lost Alnus †The Place The Aller delighteth to growe in low moyst woods and waterish places †The Time The Aller beginneth to bud and to bring foorth newe leaues in Aprill as other trees do The fruite is ripe in September ⧠The Names The Aller or Alder is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Alnus in high Douche Erlenbaum and Ellernbaum in base Almaigne Elsenboom in Frenche Aulne †The Nature The barke and leaues of Alder are cold drie and astringent †The Vertues The barke or rinde of Alder bycause of his astringent power may be good against the impostumes and swellinges of the throte and kernelles or Almondes vnder the tongue euen as well as the shales or greene pilles of Walnuttes But as yet it hath not bene vsed by any sauing onely for the dyeing of certayne course cloth and cappes into a blacke colour for the whiche purpose it is very fit The leaues be much vsed against hoate swellinges vlcers and al inwarde inflammations Of the Beeche tree Chap. lxxvi †The Description THe Beeche is a great high thicke tree whose leaues be soft thinne playne smooth and meetely large almost like the leaues of Popler but smaller The blossoms therof are nought els but smal yellowish Catkens smaller then the Catkens of Birche but otherwise like The fruite is triangled or three cornered Nuttes in whiche are sweete kernels These Nuttes be couered ouer with prickly huskes or shales from out of whiche they fall downe when they be ripe ¶ The Place The Beeche loueth a playne open Countrie and moysture †The Tyme The Beeche bloweth and breaketh foorth into newe leaues at the ende of Aprill or Maye The Nuttes be ripe in September euen with the Chesnuttes ⧠The Names The Beeche tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fagus in Frenche Fouteau in high Douche Buchbaum or Buche in base Almaigne Bueckenboē The fruite is nowe called in Latine Nuces Fagi in Frenche Faine in base Almaigne Buecken nootkens in English Beeche maste †The Nature The leaues of Beech do coole The kernell of the fruite is somewhat moyst and warme Fagus †The Vertues The leaues of Beeche are very profitably layde to the beginning of hoate swellinges blisters and vlcers The water that is found in the holownesse of Beeches doth cure the noughtie scurffe and wilde tetters or scabbes of men and horses kyne and sheepe if they be washed therewithall Men doo not yet gather these Nuttes for mans vse yet they be sweete and good for to eate and they doo almost serue to all those purposes wherevnto the Nuttes of the Pine apple kernelles doo serue Of Birche tree Chap. lxxvij †The Description THe Birche doth often grow to a great high tree with many branches which haue many smal roddes or twigges very limber and pliant and most commonly hanging downewarde and will abyde to be bowed easily any way that one list The barke of the young twigges and branches is playne and smooth and full of sappe and of the colour of a Chesnut but the barke of the body and greatest branches of the tree is harde without white rough vneuen and broken or clouen vpon the branches that be of a meane sise or quantitie the barke or rind is somwhat speckled vnder the same barke next ioyning to the wood or timber there is founde another barke that is playne and smooth as paper so that in times past it was vsed to write vppon before that Paper or Parchement were knowen or inuented The leaues are meetely brode and somwhat snipt about smaller thē Beechen leaues but otherwise not muche vnlyke The Birche tree hath tagglettes or Chattons for his blossome lyke as the Hasell but much smaller in whiche the seede commeth ¶ The Place Birche groweth in wooddes and heathes and drie commons and also alongest the borders of Corne feeldes †The Tyme Birche putteth foorth his new leaues in Aprill in September his small Catkens and seede is ripe ⧠The Names Birche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Betula in Frenche Bouleau in high Douch Birkēbaum in base Almaigne Berckenboom †The Nature and Vertues Birche is not vsed in medicine wherfore his nature and vertues are not knowen in old time they vsed the inner thin barke of Birche in steede of Paper the young twigges and branches thereof to make roddes and besoms as they doo at this day Betula Birche Of blacke Aller Chap. lxxviij †The Description THE blacke Aller groweth not lyke a tree neyther waxeth it very great but it bringeth foorth many long straight roddes whiche doo diuide them selues agayne in other small twigges couered with a thinne blacke rinde vnder the whiche there is founde another yellowish rinde The timber or wood of these twigges is whitish with a browne red pith in the midle The leaues be brode lyke the leaues of Aller almost lyke to Cherrie tree leaues but rounder and browner The litle flowers be whitish after which come vp round beries which are greene at the first but afterwards red and blacke when they are dried of a strange vnpleasant taste ¶ The Place This kinde of wood groweth in lowe wooddes and moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth in April and the beries be ripe in August †The Names This plant is called of the Brabanders Sporckenhout and of the chyldren of this Countrie Pijlhout that is to say bolt timber or arrow wood bycause they make Arrowes with it to shoote withall in high Douch Faulbaum and Leuszbaum of some of the later writers in Latine Alnus nigra that is to say
this his businesse as it shalbest appeare by diligent reading ouer his workes so also may it easily be knowen by the testimonies iudgementes of the most learned Physitions of this age Of whom some are by their owne workes alredy extāt notable renowmed others by the great trauaile that they haue bestowed in translating him out of his tongue wherin he wrote into diuers other languages are made euidēt and famous but none before this into English Which hath made me desyrous folowing their example to make my Countreymen partakers of such knowledge as other learned and wise men in other Countries haue thought meete to be made knowen in the natiue tongues of their commō Weales Touching my selfe this onely I haue to promise that in this translation I haue vsed my most skil and diligence to please and pleasure al such as delight in this so honest and profitable a knowledge Most humbly crauyng a fauourable acception hereof at your Maiesties handes and pardon if any poynt I haue giuen iust occasion of blame and deserued reprehension From my poore house at Lytescarie within your Maiesties Countie of Somerset the first day of Ianuarie M.D.Lxxviij Your Maiesties most humble and faithfull subiect Henry Lyte ¶ To the friendly and indifferent Reader IF thou be ignoraunt gentle Reader and desyrous to knowe either how profitable this Historie of Plantes is or how worthy to be studied either how harde how highly in times past esteemed what be the causes of the hardnesse therof how they may be remedied and why the Authours hereof after so many learned both auncient and late writers tooke vpō him the setting forth of the same or why in his Innotations last edition he hath reuoked certayne thinges which in the first escaped him for thy instruction resolution in these matters I referre thee to the same Authours two Prefaces wherin he learnedly as briefly as the nature of the matters will permitte discourseth therof sufficiently But if thou wouldest know of me why I haue takē vpon me the translation publication of the same in this our natiue tonge as I might without any great labour yeelde thee many iust and reasonable causes of my so doing if I thought it greatly expedient or necessarie so to do so I thinke it sufficient for any whom reason may satisfie by way of answeare to alleage this action sententions position Bonum quo communius eo melius praestantius a good thing the more common it is the better it is Seing then that my translation shall make this good profitable historie which hitherto hath lien hid from many of my Countriemen vnder the vayle of an vnknowen language familiar and knowen vnto them and if it be good as no good man wil denie to enlarge a good thing and to make many partakers thereof then can there not lacke iust cause to be alleaged of this my doyng neither thinke I that any will mislike or repine thereat except such as either enuie the Weale of others whom they accompt simpler then them selues and therfore recken vnworthy to be in their owne language made partakers therof or els are so studious of their owne priuate gaine that they feare least by this meanes some parte therof may be lessened whyles others vnderstanding the nature and vertues of Plantes and herbes shal be the lesse beholding to their scrupulous skill But the good and vertuous Phisition whose purpose is rather the health of many then the wealth of him selfe will not I hope mislike this my enterprise whiche to this purpose specially tendeth that euen the meanest of my Countriemen whose skill is not so profounde that they can fetche this knowledge out of strange tongues nor their habilitie so wealthy as to entertaine a learned Phisition may yet in time of their necessitie haue some helpes in their owne or their neighbours fieldes and gardens at home If perchaunce any list to picke a quarrell to my translatiō as not being either proper or not ful if I may obteine of him to beare with me til he him selfe shall haue set foorth a better or til the next impression and the meane while consydering that it is easier to reprehend a mans doings then to amend it vse me as a whet stone to further him selfe I wil not muche striue for I seeke not after vayne glorie but rather how to benefite and profite my Countrie Fare well * ⎠* VV. B. GErmani fateor Dodoneo plurima debent Nec debent Angli Lite minora tibi Ille suis etenim plantarum examina scripsit Tuue tuis transfers quae dedit ille suis Quodue opus ijs solis priuatum scripserat illud Tu commune Anglis omnibus esse facis Crede mihi plantas quia transplantaueris istas Belgica quas primûm solaue terra dedit Inque Britannorum lętas adduxeris oras Lite tuae laudis fama perennis erit Dono te nobis Dodoneum Lite dedisse Donum est quo nullum gratius esse potest Nam terrae insignes foetus plantaque potentes Poeoniaque herbas hac ratione seris Inde etiam lites medicorum Lite resoluis Aegrotisue offers Phoebus vtalter opem Quid superest medici Lito hunc praestare fauorem Si quando affectus sit grauiore modo Confluit Litum gratis curate nec illum Laethoimmaturo vos sinitotè mori EIVSDEM Gratum opus est dignumue tuo sub nomine ferri ELIZABETHA potens cuius moderamine solo Paxiucunda Anglis atque Arbor pacis Oliua Sicviget vt passim per apricum incedere possit Gens Britonum tutò fragrantes carpere flores Quid igitur Litus plantas tibi ferret herbas Omnigenas donoue daret cui porrigat herbam Rex quicunque tenet spatiosum sceptra per orbem Thomas Nevvtonus Cestreshyrus PErpetuum tibi ver liber hic philomuse ministrat Ac paradisiaci germania laeta soli Her barū huic the saurus inest florumque suppellex Alcinoi hic hortos Hesperidumque vides Nec flos hic desit nec floris grata venustas Nec vires nec odor nec medicina valens Hoc viuunt viuentque libro Podalyrius Alcon Hippocrates Poeon Musa Galenus Arabs Phillyrides Chiron Epidaurius aque Melampus Gentius Euphorbus Iosina Lysimachus Telephus ac Mithridates Artemisia Achilles Alcibides Hieron Attalus atque Iuba Pamphilus Atrides Nicander Bassus Iollas Crateias Glaucon Cato Pythagoras Rasis ipse Dioscorides Auicenna Machaon Serapio Celsus Menecratesque tumens Aetius Aegineta Ruellius ac Theophrastus Tragus Auerrhoys Plinius Agricola Macer Oribasius Mesue Brunfelsius Ottho Manardus Zerbus Fuchsius atque Sethi Ginus Humelbergus Matthaeolus ac Columella Fernelius Pineus Pena Eliota Lobel Copho Taranta Leonicerus Iberque Lacuna Mago Varignanus Varro Ioannicius Soranus Constantinus Merula Aurelianus Guido Godaldinus Curtius Encelius Moschio Philotheus Cleopatra Bonaciolusque Arnaudus Rocheus Ferrius Albucasis Hildegardis Trotula Albicusque Torinus Pandulphus Suardus Manlius Diocles. Thurinus Dimocles Guilandinus Philaretus Bucius
groweth in the borders of fieldes about highwaies and the bankes of brookes or quiet standing waters †The Tymes It floureth in Iuly August and sometimes later Artemisia communis †The Names This herbe is called in shops Artemisia of some Mater herbarum in Spanish Artemya in English Mugworte in French Armoyse Cherbe S. Ian in high Douch Beyfusz Bucken S. Iohans gurtel in base Almaigne Byuoet S. Ians cruyt the which is this kind of Mugwort whiche is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Artemisia tenuifolia the which is the fourth kinde in Dioscorides and the third kinde in Apuleius †The cause of the Name Mugworte as Plinie saith had this name of Artemisia Queene of Halicarnassus and wife of Mausolus King of Carie who chose this herbe gaue it her name for before that it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parthenis that is to say Virginal some say that Artemisia was so called of the Goddesse Diana who was also called Artemis for bycause this herbe is singular for womens disseases who are all vnder the gouernment of Diana as the Heathen do imagine and dreame †The Nature Mugworte is somewhat astringent and not to hoate †The Vertues Mugworte pound with oyle of sweete Almondes and layd to the stomake as aplayster cureth all the payne and griefe of the same Also if one do annoynt his ioynts with the iuyce thereof mengled with oyle of Roses it cureth the ache shaking and drawing to gither of Sinewes If it be hanged or cast into barrels or hoggesheads of Bier it will preserue the same from so wring Whosoeuer shal carrie this herbe about him as Plinie saieth no venemous beast or any like thing shall hurte him and if he trauell vpon the way he shall not be weary Of Tansie Chap. x. †The Kindes Three be two sortes of Tansie The one great and yellow the other small and white Tanacetum maius Great Tansie Tanacetum minus White Tansie †The Description The great or common Tansie hath a blackishe stalke three or foure foote high diuided at the top into many single braunches at the end wherof are round tuftes bearing yellow floures like small round buttons or like the middle of the floure of Cammomill but greater and of stronger sauour The leaues be long made of many small leaues set directly one against an other and spread abroade like wings the whiche be also iagged and snipte like small feathers especially round aboute the edges the roote is slender casting it selfe here and there The small Tansie hath broade leaues much iagged and cut well like the leaues of Feuerfew but smaller and more cut and iagged The stalke is small of the length of a foote or more vpon the which groweth small tuftes bearing little white floures much like to the floures and tuftes of the white Mylfoyll or common Parrow The roote is harde and sometimes parted into two or three all the herbe is much like in smell and sauour to the other Tansie sauing that it is not so strong †The Place The first groweth about high wayes hedges and the borders of fieldes and is very common in this countrie The second groweth in some places of Italie in this countrey ye shall not finde it but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme They do bothe floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is now called in shoppes Tanacetum and Athanasia in Englishe Tansie in French Athanasie in high Douch Reinfarn in base Almaigne Reynuaer and Wormcruyt Some learned men iudge it for to be the third kinde of Artemisia called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Artemisia vnicaulis of Apuleius Artemisia Tragantes or Tagetes The second without doubt is also a kinde of Tansie the whiche some learned and especially the famous Matthiolus of Siena do thinke it to be right Milfoyle called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But if this herbe shoulde be the right Achillea the common Tansie should be also without doubte a kinde of Achillea for they are very much like one an other not onely in smell and taste but also in vertues and operation as we haue written in our Annotations †The Nature Tansie is hoate in the second degree and dry in the third as it doth well appeere by his strong smell and bitter taste The small Tansie is of the like operation or facultie †The Vertues The seede of Tansie is a singular and proued medicine against wormes for in what forte so euer it be taken it killeth and driueth forth wormes The same pounde and afterwarde mengled with oyle is very good against the payne and swelling of Sinewes If before the cōming of fittes of the Ague the body be annoynted with the iuyce of Tansie mengled with the oyle of Roses it will cause the Ague to be gone The same dronken with wine is good against the payne of the bladder and whan one cannot pisse but by droppes The roote condited or preserued with hony and taken of them that be sicke doth ease helpe very much such as are troubled with the goute in their feete Of Feuerfew Chap. xi †The Description FEuerfew hath many tēder leaues much torne iagged of a grayishe or white greene colour in colour and fasshion like to the first nethermost leaues of Coriander the stalkes be two or three foote long vpon whiche groweth many smal floures yellow in the middest and compassed aboute as it were with a little pale of small white leaues like to the order of Cammomil floures of a strong smell and bitter taste whan the floures be past the knoppes be ful of seede like to the knops of Cāmomill The roote is of wooddy substāce with diuers hearie threedes or strings hanging by †The Place It groweth well in dry places by olde walles and such like rough places †The Tyme Feuerfew floureth in Iuly August and almost all the Sommer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen and Paule 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Parthenium and Amaracus in shoppes and of Serapio Chap. 253. Matricaria of some Amarella or Marella in English Feuerfew of some Whitewurte also S. Peters wurt in French Espargoutte or Matricaire in high Douch Mutterkraut and Meidt blumen in base Almaigne Mater Moedercruyt Parthenium †The Nature It is hoate in the third degree and dry in the second degree †The Vertues Feuerfew dryed and made into pouder and two drammes of it taken with hony or other thing purgeth by siege Melancholy and fleume wherefore it is very good for such as haue the giddinesse turning in the head or swimming for them that are purse or troubled with the shortnes of winde and for Melancholique people and such as be sadde and pensiue and without speach The herbe without his floures boyled in water is good to be dronken of such as haue the stoone The same is good
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
decoctiō of the leaues is very good against all sores inflāmatiō of the mouth throote it fasteneth loose teeth if it be oftē vsed or holdē in the mouth Of Fumeterre Chap. xv †The Kindes There is two kindes of Fumeterre as Plinie writeth in the .xiij. chap. of the .xxv. booke of his naturall History Wherof the first is the common Fumetory the which was knowen vsed in Medicine of Galen Paule other the Greeke Physitions The second is an other herbe onely knowen of Plinie the whiche both are knowen in this countrey Capnos fumaria Fumeterre Capnos Plinij Phragmites Nedge Fumeterre †The Description THe common Fumeterre hath a square stalke beset with small leaues very tender weake and finely iagged somewhat gray like asshie colour like to the leaues of Coriander but much smaller the floure is small and purple growing togither like a littell cluster and changeth into littell small knops or beries wherein is very small seede The roote is but simple with a very few small heares or strings about the same Small Fumeterre hath also many slender branches vpon whiche groweth small iagged leaues in colour taste and in fashion also somewhat like the Fumeterre aforesayde It hath also certaine small threedes or clasping tendrels by the whiche it taketh holdfast in all places by Hedges and other herbes The floures are small and clustering togither of a white colour mixed with a littell blew after the floures there commeth forth small huskes or coddes in which is conteyned the seede The roote is single and of the length of a fingar †The Place Fumeterre groweth best amongst wheate Barley also it groweth in gardens amongst potherbes in Vineyardes and such other open places Small Fumeterre groweth vnder hedges in the borders of fieldes and about olde walles †The Tyme They do bothe floure in May and Iune †The Names The first of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fumaria and Capnium in Shoppes Fumus terrae in Spanish Palomilla y palomina y yerua malarin̄a in English Fumeterre in French Fumeterre in high Douch Erdtrauch Taubencropff Katzenkorbel in base Almaigne Grysecom Duyuekeruel and Eerdtroock The second is called of Plinie Capnos Pes Gallinaceus Therfore Capnos Plinij and this is that whiche is called Hermolaus of Aëtius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Capnum Chelidoniū not knowen in shoppes some following Plinie do call it in Latine Pes gallinaceus in French Pied de geline in base Almaigne cleyn Eerdtroock in English Hedge Fumeterre and Hennes foote †The Nature Fumeterre is hoate and dry almost in the second degree and so is Hennes foote as one may know by the sharpnes and bitter taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Fumeterre dropped into the eyes doth sharpen and quicken the sight the same mengled with gumme and layd to the eye liddes will cause that the heare that hath bene ones pulled of shall not grow againe The decoction of Fumeterre dronken driueth forth by vrine siege all hoate Cholerique burnte pernicious humors Bysides this it is very good against the foule scurffe and rebellious olde sores and the great Pockes The iuyce of Fumeterre dronken worketh the like effect for this purpose is of greater power than the Decoction of Fumeterre Henfoote or hedge Fumeterre as Plinie sayth is of the same nature vertue as the other Fumeterre and is a singular medicine against the weakenesse of the sight especially for such as seeme to see small strawes if the iuyce thereof be dropped into the eyes Of Germander Chap. xvi †The Description GErmander is a shorte herbe of a spanne or foote long bringing foorth from his roote many tender stemmes or branches The leaues are smal tender indēted cut about much like the leaues of certayne Okes but farre smaller The floures are small of a broune blew colour compassing round the toppe of the stalke The seede is small blacke and rounde The roote is small and slender creping vnder the earth here and there †The Place Germander groweth luckely in stony hilles mountaynes such like places also it groweth in wooddes it is to be found growing in certayne wooddes of Brabant and it is planted in gardens †The Tyme Germander floureth in Iune Iuly †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaedrys Trixago of som Quercula minor Serratula in Shoppes Chamędryos of the Italians Querinola Chamedrio Chamandrina in Spanish Chamedreos yerua in French Germandreé or Chesnette in English Germander English Treacle in high Almaigne Gamanderlein and Kleyn Bathengel in base Almaigne Gamanderlijn Chamaedrys Germander †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degrée †The Vertues Germander with his floures boyled in water and dronken deliuereth the body from all obstructions stoppings and cutteth of tough and clammy humors therfore being receiued as is before sayde it is specially good for them that haue the cough shortnesse of breath the Strangury or stopping of vrine and for such as begin to haue the Dropsie It bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse If it be dronken with vineger it is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Milte or Splene The iuyce of the leaues mengled with oyle and straked vpon the eyes driueth away the white Cloude called the Hawe or Pearle in the eye and all maner dimnes of the same Of Paules Getony Chap. xvij †The Kindes THere is two kindes of Veronicae or Betonicę Pauli The one is the right Veronica the which is called Veronica mas The other is a small herbe very like the right Veronica and is called Veronica foemina †The Description THe male Veronica is a smal herbe crepeth by the ground with smal reddish hearie braunches or stalkes The leafe is something long and somwhat greene a little hearie dented or snipte roūd about the edges like a sawe The floures are aboue about the top of the branches smal of a light blew mengled with purple the seede is in smal flat pouches The roote is smal hearie Betonica Pauli Veronica mas Paules Betony Herbe Fluellyn or Speedewell Groundhele Laudata Nobilium Veronica foemina The female Veronica doth also creepe and spread vpon the grounde it hath slender stemmes and somwhat large leaues a littell hearie and pleasantly soft The floures be yellow with small croked tayles like the floures of Larkes claw or Larkes spurre The seede is in small rounde huskes like the seede of Pympernell †The Place The male Veronica groweth in rough sandy places aboute the borders of fieldes and wooddes The female groweth in low moyst places †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first Veronica is called of Paulus Aegineta Lib. vij in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Betonica and therefore Doctor William Turner and I do call it Betonica Pauli
The common Herboristes do call it in Latine Veronica in high Douch Erenbreisz mennlin and Grundheyl in base Almaigne Eerenprijs manneken The second is called Veronica foemina of the Latinistes in Frenche Veronique femelle in high Douch Erenbreisz weiblin in base Almaigne Eerenprijs wijfken †The Nature Veronica or Paules Betony is dry and somewhat hoate †The Vertues Veronica as Paule witnesseth is specially good for the stoppings paynes of the kidneys The Decoction of Veronica dronken doth soder and heale all fresh and old woundes and clenseth the bloud from all euill corruptions and from all rotten and aduste humors and for that cause it is good to be dronken for the kidneys and against scuruinesse and foule spredding Tetters and consuming or fretting sores the small Pockes and Meselles The water of Veronica distilled with wine and so often new drawen vntill it waxe of a reddish colour is much vsed against an old Cough the drynesse and harmes of the lunges for men say that it will heale all vlcers inflammations and harmes of the Pulme or Lunges The Female Veronica is of the like operation but much weaker and not so good as the Male. Of Ground Pyne / or Iua Moscata Chap. xviij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of the herbe called in Latine ChamÄ™pitys as Dioscorides sayth the one like the other in smell and fasshion ChamÄ™pitys prima The first Grounde Pyne ChamÄ™pitys altera The second Ground Pyne †The Description THe first kinde of these herbes is a small herbe and tender creping vpon the ground it hath small braunches something croked the leaues be small narrow hearie of the sauour of the Pyne or Fyrre tree The floures be small pale yellow or white the roote is sleight or single of wooddy substaÌ„ce The second hath also small braunches browne hearie and tender croking in after the fasshion of an ancker out of which braunches groweth small hearie leaues much clouen and cut crosse wise The little floures be of a purplishe colour and grow about the stalkes in tuffes like garlaÌ„ds or crownets The seede is blacke and rounde and the whole plante sauoureth like to the other The thirde is the least of all and hath small white rough leaues the floures be yellow and in smell like to the others †The Place These herbes loue to growe in stony groundes and mountaynes in this countrey it is sowen and set in gardens †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names These three herbes be all called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aiuga Abiga and Ibâ—ga in shoppes Iua and Iua Artetica or Iua moscata in Spanishe Pinillo in English also Chamaepitys GrouÌ„d Pyne Herbe Iue Forget me not field Cypres in Frenche Iue musquée in highe Douch Velt Cypres of some Hoe langher hoe lieuer †The Nature They are hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ChamÄ™pitys tertia The third Ground Pyne ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Chamaepitys droÌ„ken in wine by the space of seuen dayes healeth the Iaundes dronken with Meade or Melicrat by the space of fortie dayes it healeth the Sciatica that is to say the payne of the hippe or hocklebone It is also good against the stoppings of the liuer the difficultie of vrine and causeth women to haue their termes or naturall sicknesse ChamÄ™pitys greene pound and mengled with Honie and layde vpon great woundes and virulent and corrupt vlcers cureth the same Also the same being greene pound and layde to womens breasts or pappes dissolueth the hardnesse of the same And being ordered as is beforesaide and layde to the bytings or stingings of Serpents Vipers and such other venemouse beasts is of great vertue and much profitable against the same The DecoctioÌ„ of ChamÄ™pitys dronken dissolueth clottie congeled bloud And the same boyled in vineger and dronken deliuereth the dead childe If the body be rubbed or annoynted with the iuyce thereof it causeth much sweating The like vertue haue the two other kindes but it is weaker and not of so great efficacy Of lauender Cotton / or Garden Cypres Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere be sundry sortes of garden Cypres growing in the gardens of this countrey †The Description THe first and the most coÌ„mon Cypres is a small tree or shrubbe of wooddy substance with vpright braunches bringing forth small narrow long and rouÌ„d ragged or purled leaues at the top of the braunches or stems groweth fayre Orenge-colour floures like the floures of Tansey but greater The roote is of wooddy substance with many strings or threddes hanging at it The other Cypres is much like to the first in stalkes leaues floures fasshion sauing that the braunches that bare the leaues are smaller set or couered with long small leaues the floures be paler smaller and the whole herbe is not of so strong a sauour but smelleth more gentilly and pleasantly The third kind his leaues be smaller shorter almost like the leaues of heath The fourth kinde his leaues be more single and like the leaues of the Cypresse tree but they are white The fifth hath softe wollie leaues as it were layde with a certayne downe or fine Cotton with stalkes creeping aloÌ„gst the ground The floures of these three kindes are not vnlike the floures of the first kinde Chamaecyparissus †The Place They grow not in this couÌ„trey but in the gardens where as they are plaÌ„ted †The Tyme They do both floure in Iuly and August †The Names Plinie calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chamaecyparissus some of the later writers do call it Santolina and Camphorata vnknowen in shoppes some call it in English Lauender Cotton and som Garden Cypres in French Cypres de iardyn in Douch Cypres The others without doubte are of the kindes of Cypres and not Cedre as some call it The seede of this herbe is called in shoppes Semen coÌ„tra lumbricos Semen Santonici Semen sanctum †The Nature It is hoate and very dry †The Vertues Plinie writeth that Chamaecyparissus droÌ„ken in wine is good against Serpents and Scorpions and other kinde of poyson Of Celandine / Figworte / and Marshe Marigolde Chap. xx †The Kindes THere be two kindes of the herbe called in Greeke Chelidonium wherof the one is the great Celandyne the other is small Celandyne in Latine Strophularia minor Chelidonium maius Great Celandyne Chelidonium minus Small Celandyne †The Description GReat Celandyne hath a tender stalke round hearie and full of braunches euery braunche hauing diuers ioyntes and knottes The leaues much like vnto Colombyne but tenderer deeper iagged or cut of a grayish colour by one side and greene vpon the other side somewhat drawing towards blew The floure is at the toppe of the braunches fayre and yellow like the wall Gyllofer turneth into long coddes or huskes in them is the seede whiche is small and pale All
Sterrewurte in French Aspergoutte menue or Estoille in high Douch Megerkraut Scartenkraut and Sternkraut in base Almaigne Sterrecruyt †The Nature It doth refresh and coole and is almost of temperature like the Rose †The Vertues It is very good against the ouer much heate and burning of the stomake being layde to outwardly vpon the same And being greene stamped and layd to the botches or impostumes about the share or priuie members preuayleth much against the same It helpeth and swageth the rednesse and inflammation of the eyes and fundament or siege and the falling downe of the Arse gutte The blew of the floure dronken in water is good to be giuen to yong children against the Squinancie and the falling sicknesse Some men say that this herbe putteth away all tumors swellings of the siege share and fundament yea whan it is but onely carried about a man Of Pennywurte Chap. xxv †The Kyndes WE shall describe in this Chapter three sortes of Penniewurte or Cotyledon wherof two kindes were well knowen of the Auncients as they be also in many countries at this day The thirde bycause of a certayne similitude or likenesse that it hath with Pennywurte of the wall we do call water Pennywurte Cotyledon vera Wall Pennywurte Cotyledon altera Matthioli Thicke Pennywurte †The Description THe leafe of the first kind of Pennywurte is rounde and thicke much lyke to Iuie leaues but rounder somewhat bluntly indēted about with some hollownes or concauitie aboue a shorte stem vnderneath in the middell of the leafe The stalke is small and hollow aboute a spanne long with diuers littell long floures of a whitishe or incarnate colour The roote is white and rounde like an Olyue Cotyledon aquatica Water Pennywurte The second kinde hath brode thicke and somewhat rounde leaues spread abroade round about the stalke like to Syngreene or Houslike from the middell whereof springeth vp the tender stalke bearing small floures Water Pennywurte hath littell smothe leaues rounde and hollow aboue but not very much euen as it were a small shollow plate the stem is vnderneth in the middest of the leafe somewhat drawing to wardes the proportion of Wall Pennywurte but it is smaller smother and of a swarter colour and and somewhat deeper natched or dented but yet bluntly also The floures be very small and white and grow beneth or also vnder the leaues The rootes be smal and hearie creeping and putting forth vpon euery side many smal yong leaues †The Place Pennywurte as Plinie saith groweth in stonie places neare the Sea but it groweth not in many coūtreys except it be planted or set in gardens It groweth plētifully in some parts of England in Sommerset shyre about Welles Mountayne or Syngreene Pennywurte is a rare plante it groweth in some places of the Alpes and other mountaynes beyond the Sea Pennywurte of the water groweth plentifully in this countrey in low medowes and moyst valeys whereas water standeth in the winter †The Tyme Wall Pennywurte floureth in May Iune but Pennywurte of the water floureth in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Cotyledon and Vmbilicus veneris and Acetabulum And of Plinie Herba Coxendicum Iacobus de Manlijs in Luminari maiori calleth it Scatum Coeli Scatum cellus in Italian Ombilico di venere Cupertioule in Spanish Scudetes Coucillos Capadella Ombligo de venus in English great Pennywurte and wall Pennywurte in French Nombril de venus in base Almaigne Nauelcruyt The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cymbalium Acetabulum alterum Vmbilieus veneris alter in base Almaigne Dat ander or dat tweede Nauelcruyt in English the second Pennywurte and Mountayne Pennywurte Pennywurte of the water is called in the shops of this countrey Vmbilicus Veneris Scatū coeli although it is not the right kinde as is beforesayd that base Almaignes do call it Penninckcruyt in English Sheepe killing Pennygrasse †The Nature The wall Pennywurte which is the right kinde is cold moyst the Pennywurte of the water is not without heate as may be perceiued by the taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Pennywurte of the wall is a singular remedy against all inflāmation and hoate tumors S. Anthonies fire kybed heeles to be annoynted therewithall and being applied to the stomacke it refressheth the same The leaues and roote eaten do breake the stone prouoke vrine are good against the Dropsie The second kinde is of vertue like to the great Syngreene or Houselike The vertue of the water Pennywurte or Pēny grasse is not yet knowen albeit the ignorant Apothecaries do dayly vse it in steed of that right Cotyledon wherein they do naught and commit manifest errour for the right Cotyledon is the great Pennywurte called of some Pennywurte of the wall bycause it groweth euer in old walles stonie places But this groweth in low groūds and Marisshes and is a hurtefull herbe vnto Sheepe Of Orpyne Chap. xxvi †The Description ORpyne hath a roūd grosse brittell stem set full of thicke leaues grosse full of sappe somwhat dented about the edges At the top of that stalke groweth many fayre purple floures of fasihion like the floures of S. Iohns wurte called in Greeke Hypericum The roote is white and very knobby or knottie There is a kinde of this herbe whose floures are white and also a thirde kinde whose floures are yellow the residue is agreable to the first †The Place Orpyne proueth wel in moyst shadowy places The people of the countrey delight much to set it in pots shelles on Midsomer Euē or vpō timber slattes or trēchers dawbed with Clay so to set or hang it vp in their houses where as it remayneth greene a long season and groweth if it be somtimes ouer sprinckled with water †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August Crassula maior †The Names They do now call this herbe Crassula maior some call it Fabaria Faba crassa in English Orpyne Liblong or Liue lōg in French Orpin Chicotrin in high Douch Mundkraut Knabenkraut Fotzlwang and Fortzwein in base Almaigne Mondencruyt and Smeerwortele Eufrasia †The Degree or Nature Orpyne cooleth in the thirde degree †The Vertues Orpyne in operation vertue is like to Houselike or Syngreene Of Eyebright Chap. xxvij †The Description EYebright is a proper small low herbe not aboue a span long ful of branches couered with little blackish leaues dēted or snipt roūd about like a saw the floures be small and white sprincled poudered within with yellow and purple speckes The roote is littell small and hearie There is yet an other herbe whiche some do call Eyebright although it be not the right Eyebright it groweth to the heygth of a foote or more The stalkes be round parted into many collaterall or side braunches vpon whiche are littell small leaues long and narrow most commonly
bending or hanging downwards The floures be redde The roote is small as the other Eyebright roote This I thought necessary to declare to the intent that men may learne to know the diuersitie betwixt them both that they shoulde not take the one for the other for this last kinde hath not the vertue of the true Eyebright †The Place Eyebright groweth in dry medowes greene grassie wayes and pastures standing against the Sunne ⧠The Tyme Eyebright beginneth to floure in August and floureth still vntill September and in forwarde yeares it is found to floure in Iuly It must be gathered and dryed whiles it is in floure †The Names Some call this herbe in Latine Euphrasia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ophthalmica Ocularis some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Euphrosyne in English Eyebright in Frēch Euphrase in high Douch Augentrost in base Almaigne Doghentroost that is to say in Latine Oculorum solamen †The Degree or Nature It is hoate and dry almost in the second degree ⧠The Vertues Eyebright pound and layde vpon the eyes or the iuyce thereof with wine dropped into the eyes taketh away the darknesse of the same cleareth the sight So doth a powder made of three partes of Eyebright dried and one parte of Macis if a sponefull of it be taken euery morning by it selfe or with sugar or wine And taken after the same sorte it comforteth the memory very much Eyebright boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaundice That other Eyebright is vnprofitable and therfore not vsed in Physicke Of Filipendula / or Oropworte Chap. xxviij †The Description FIlipēdula hath lōg leaues spread abrode like feathers made of many smal little leaues al dēted snipte iagged roūd about growing by a lōg string or smal stem not much vnlike the leaues of wild Tāsey or Burnet but lōger his stalke is round about the height of two or three foote at the top whereof are many faire white floures euery one parted in sixe small leaues like a little Sterre The seede is smal groweth togither like a button The rootes be small blacke whereon is hāging certaine small knops or blacke pellets as in the rootes of the female Pionye sauing the they be a great deale smaller †The Place Filipēdula groweth in Almayne Fraūce England vpon stony moūtaines rough places It is also plāted in diuers gardens †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly Filipendula †The Names Som cal this herb in latin Saxifraga rubea in shops Filipēdula or Philipēdula in Italiā Spanish Filipendola in French Filipende or Filipendule in high Almaigne Rotsteinbrech wilde Garben in base Almaigne Roode steenbreeck in English Filipendisla Dropwurte Redde Sarifrage †The Nature or Temperament Dropwurte is hoate and dry but not full out in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and drouken is good against the Droppisse or Strangury and against all the paynes of the bladder it causeth one to make water and breaketh the stone The same as Mathew Syluaticus Symon Genuensis do write is very profitable against the diseases springing of colde windinesse and blastings of the stomacke to be made in powder and taken in wine with Fenell seede If the pouder of the roote of Filipendula or Dropwurte be often vsed to be taken or eaten with meate it will preserue a man from the falling sicknesse Of Medewurte / or Goates bearde Chap. xxix †The Description MEdesweete or Medewurte which is called in Latine Vlmaria and Barba Capri hath great long brode leaues like Egrimonie sauing they be larger and longer rough boysteo as and harde crompled and wrinckled like to the leaues of Byrche or Elme trees The stalke is hollow square reddish sometimes as long as a man and beareth at the toppe a great many of small floures clustering growing togither like the blowing of Filipendula of colour white and sauour pleasant the whiche do chaunge or turne into small seedes whiche be as they were wrenched or writhen about and grow three or foure togither like to a little warte The roote is long blacke without and browne-red or incarnate within of a strong sauour astringent taste like Ake-kernels †The Place It groweth in medowes and mosty groundes also in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme This herbe floureth most commonly in Iuly and August Barba Capri siue Vlmaria †The Names This herbe is called in Latine Barba Capri Vlmaria and Regina prati in English Medewurte and Medesweete and of some after the Latine name Goates bearde in French Barbe de Cheure in Douche Reynette and grooten Gheytenbaert †The Nature Medewurte doubtlesse drieth much and is astringent wherefore it restrayneth and bindeth manifestly †The Vertues The rootes of Medesweete boyled or made into pouder and bronken stoppeth the laske and all issue of bloud The floures boyled in white wine and drōken cureth the feuer Quartayne Of Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe Chap. xxx †The Kyndes OF the false Bastard Rewbarbes there are at the least foure or fiue kindes and of them some be great and one is small Thalietrum magnum The great Bastard Rewbarbe Thalietrum paruum The small Bastard Rewbarbe †The Description THe first great Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe hath large leaues parted or diuided into diuers others somwhat nickt or dented about the edges the stalkes are straked and crested of a redde purplish colour in the toppes of these stalkes groweth many small and hearie white floures after them cōmeth small narrow huskes like coddes foure or fiue growing togither the roote is yellow long round and knotty and it groweth farre abroade in many places The colour of the vpper parte of the leafe is a browne greene or deepe greene and some are more darker and blacker than some but vnder they are of a lighter colour The second kinde of great Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe his leaues be of a blewish greene colour his floures be yellow and his stalkes longer the sauour more grieuous but otherwise it is like to the aforsayde The thirde is very well like to the first sauing that his small floures are of a light blew colour The small Thalietron is like vnto the abouesayde but in all respects lesse his stalkes be of a spanne long his leaues be thinne tender the rootes are small slender the little floures grow togither in small bundels or tuftes of a light yellow colour almost white and it is also of a very grieuous sauour †The Place The first kinde oftentimes groweth in moyst medowes it is also founde in gardens But that whiche hath the yellow and violet colour floures are brought to vs as straungers as that kinde also is with the blackish greene leaues The smal kinde is found in Zealand other coastes bordering vpō the sea †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names In certayne Apothecaries shoppes they
his hearie stalkes redde floures and sharpe billes sauing that his leaues are much more and deeper cut and his floures be somewhat greater The sixth is like the fourth in small weake tender heary stalkes in leaues deepely cut in floures and braunches sauing that the stalkes of the fifth kinde do grow longer and higher the leaues be greater and the floures larger lyke vnto littell Roses The roote is long and most cōmonly all redde and sanguine within The seuenth hath also long reddish hearie stalkes and great leaues lyke Crowfoote but larger his floures are blew after whiche there commeth forth small beekes or billes as in the other kyndes The roote is thicke long with many small strings †The Place These herbes do grow of themselues in barren sandy groundes by high way sides and borders of fieldes Herbe Roberte likewise groweth about olde walles and olde tyled or stone healed houses The twoo last kindes are not found in this countrey sauing in gardens where as they be planted Geranium haematites Sanguin Geranium or Blood Roote Geranium batrachiodes Gratia Dei or Bassinet Geranium or Crowfoote Geraniū †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune and sometimes also in Aprill especially the first kinde †The Names Al these herbes are called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latin Geranium Gruina or Gruinalis in Italian Rostro di Grua in Spanish Pico de Ciguen̄a Aguyas pampillos The first kinde is called Geraniū tuberosum Acus pastoris Acus Moschata and Geranium supinum in English Storkes byll Pinkeneedell and of some Moschata in high Almaigne Stortkensnabel in French Bet de grue in base Almaigne Oyeuaertsbeck or Cranenbeck The second is called Geranium alterum Geranium Columbinum and Pes Columbae in English Doue foote in Frēch Pied de Pigeon in high Douch Daubenfusz in base Almaigne Duyuenuoet The third is called in shoppes Rostrum Ciconiae and Geranium supinum in English Hearons bill or Storkes bill in high douch Storkenschnabel in base Almaigne Oyeuaersbeck or Cranenbeck The fourth kinde of these herbs is a kinde of Sideritis of the Auncients is called of Dioscorides Sideritis tertia and Sideritis Heraclea now they call it Ruberta Herba Roberti Robertiana Geranium Robertianū in English Herbe Robert in Frēch Herbe Robert in high Douch Rubrechtzkraut Schartenkraut and of some klein Scholwurtz in base Almaigne Robrechts cruyt The fifth is called Gruinalis Geranium gruinale in English Cranes bill in high Douch Kranichhals in base Almaigne Craenhals The sixth is called in high Douch Blutwurtz in base Almaigne Bloet wortele that is to say the Sanguine roote or Bloud roote and Geranium Haematodes for the same cause The seuenth is called Gratia Dei in English also Gratia Dei Bassinet Geranium and Croefoote Geranium in high Douche Gottes gnad that is to say the Grace of God in base Almaigne Godts ghenade and blauw Booterbloemen and Geranium batrachiodes †The Nature The most part of these herbes are of a drying tēperature some also are clensing haue power to ioyne togither or soulder but it is not much vsed to that purpose †The Vertues The roote of the first taken in wine driueth away and healeth al blastings and windinesse of the Matrix or Mother it prouoketh vryne and is very good for them that haue the stone The second as the Auncients say is not good in Medicyne Notwithstāding at this time it is much vsed against al woundes vlcers being layd thervnto Herbe Roberte doth stanche the bloud of greene woundes to be brused and layde thereto as Dioscorides saith The same herbe as hath bene proued sithence Dioscorides time is singuler against the sores vlcers of the Pappes the priuie mēbers especially of men if it be pounde layde therevnto or if the iuyce therof be dropped or poured in The decoction of Herbe Roberte cureth the corrupt vicers and rotten sores of the mouth and amendeth the stinking of the same The rest are not vsed in medicine Of Sea Trifoly and Mylkewurte Chap. xxxiij ⧠The Kindes THere be two kyndes of Mylkewurte differing both in name and figure whereof one is called Glaux and the other Polygala Glaux Milkewurte or sea Tryfoly Polygala Milkewurte †The Description THe first Milkewurte hath many smal stemmes cōming forth of one roote the sayde stalkes be weake and tender of halfe a foote high vpon which groweth small long leaues like the smallest leaues of Lentilles and are whiter vnderneth the leafe than aboue The floures amongst the leaues are like to Gillofloures but smaller of colour purple and incarnate The roote is smal full of hearie threedes and creeping alongst the grounde The second kinde of Milkewurte called in Latine Poligala is a small herbe with slender pliant stemmes of wooddy substance as long as a mans hande creeping by the ground the leaues be small and narrow like the leaues of Lentill or small Hysope The floures grow somwhat thicke about the stemmes not much differing from the floures of Fumitory in figure and quātitie sometimes tawney sometimes blewe and sometimes white as snow without smell or sauour after whiche floures there commeth small coddes or pursses like to them of Bursa Pastoris but smaller and couered by euery side with small leaues like littell winges The roote is slender and of wooddy substance †The Place The first Milkewurte groweth in lowe salte marshes and watery places nigh the Sea thoroughout all Zealand The second groweth in dry Heathes and commons by the high way sides †The Tyme Glaux floureth in Iune and Iuly Polygala floureth in May about the Rogation or Gang weeke the which the Almaignes call Cruysedaghen therefore they call them Cruysbloemkens as Tragus that countreyman wryteth †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Glaux and Glax that is to say in English Milkewurte in Frēch Herbe au laict in Douch Milchkraut and Melckcruyt Turner calleth it Sea Tryfoly The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Poligala that is to say the herbe hauing plenty of milke by which name it is not knowē for the Almaynes call it Cruysbloeme †The Nature Both these herbes are hoate and moyst as Galen sayth †The Vertues The firste taken with meate drinke or potage ingendreth plenty of milke therefore it is good to be vsed of Nurses that lacke milke The same vertue hath Polygala taken with his leaues and floures Of Pellitory of the Wall Chap. xxxiiij †The Description PEllitory or Paritory hath rounde tender thorough shining browne redde stalkes the leaues be rough somwhat broade like Helxine Parietaria Mercury but nothing snipte or dented about The floures be small ioyning to the stemme amongst the leaues The seede is blacke and very small couered with a littell rough huske or coate whiche hangeth faste vpon garments The roote is somewhat redde †The Place It delighteth to
Agrimonia of some Ferraria minor Concordia and Marmorella in Spanish Agramonia in English Agrimonie in French Eupatoire or Aigremoine in high Douch Odermenich Bruchwurtz in base Almaigne Agrimonie of some Leuercruyt that is to say Liuerwurte Eupatorium †The Nature Agrimonie is of fine and subtill partes without any manifest heate it hath power to cut in sunder with some astriction †The Vertues The Decoction or brothe of Agrimonie dronken doth clense and open the stoppings of the liuer and doth strengthen the same is specially good against the weakenesse of the same Agrimonie boyled in wine and dronken helpeth against the bytings of venemous beasts the same boyled in water stoppeth the pissing of bloud The seede therof dronken in wine is singuler against the blouddy flixe and daungerouse laske The leaues of Agrimonie pounde with Swines grease and layde too hoate doth cure and heale olde woundes that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre Of Bastarde Agrimonie Chap. xl †The Kyndes THere be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Iecoraria that is to say Lyuerwurtes whiche are commended and founde good agaynst the diseases of the Lyuer whereof wee shall describe three kindes in this Chapter vnknowen to the old wryters The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie The third is Three leaued Agrimonie or Noble Lyuerwurte Pseudohepatorium mas Bastard Agrimonie the male Pseudohepatorium foemina Bastard Agrimonie female †The Description THe male Bastarde Agrimonie hath a long round stalke full of white pith within at the whiche groweth long blakish leaues somewhat rough and hearie snipte and cut round about almost like the leaues of Hempe and bitter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth many small floures of incarnate colour clustering or growing thicke togither in tuftes the whiche being withered and chaunged into seede it fleeth away with the winde The roote is full of threddy strings The female Bastard Agrimonie hath also a roūd purple stalke about three foote long and full of braunches The leaues be long and dented or snipt round about like the leaues of Hempe or of the other Agrimonie sauing that they be a littell larger At the toppe of the branches and round about the stalke groweth three or foure small leaues growing harde one by an other after the fashion of a starre amongst whiche is a knap or button that bringeth forth a yellow floure intermengled with blacke within whiche being withered is conteyned the seede whiche is long flatte and rough and hangeth vpon garments whan it is rype The leaues of Hepatica are broade and diuided into three partes not much vnlike the leaues of Cockow bread sower Tryfoly or Alleluya but larger Amongst the leaues groweth fayre azured or blew floures euery one growing vpon a single stemme the whiche do change into small bullets or bolyns wherin the feede is conteyned The roote is blacke and full of small hearie strings †The Place The Bastard Agrimonies do grow in moyst places by diches and standing pooles Hepatica groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens †The Tyme The Bastard Agrimonies do floure in Iuly and August but the Noble or great Lyuerwurt floureth in Marche †The Names The male Bastarde Agrimonie is called in Shoppes Eupatorium and is wrongfully taken of them for the right Agrimonie the which is described in the former chapter The learned mē in these dayes do call it Pseudohepatorium and Eupatorium aquaticum or Adulterinum Of Baptistus Sardo Terzola in highe Douch Kunigundkraut Wasserdost Hirssenclee in base Almaigne Coninghinne cruyt Hertsclaueren and Boelkens cruyt manneken We haue named the second Pseudohepatorium foemina in base Almaigne Boelkens cruyt wijfken it is thought to be that Agrimonie whereof Auicen writeth Chap. ccxliiij and therfore some haue called it Eupatorium Auicennae Hepatica siue Hepaticum Trifolium Noble Lyuerwurt or threeleaued Lyuerwurte The third which is called at this day in Latine Hepatica and of some Herba Trinitatis may be called in English Hepatica Noble Agrimonie or Three leafe Lyuerwurte in French Hepatique in high Douch Leberkraut Edel leuer cruyt We know of none other name except it be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Balaris whereof Hesychius writeth †The Nature The two Bastard Agrimonies are hoate and dry as their bitternesse doth manifestly declare Hepatica doth coole dry and strengthen ⧠The Vertues The male Bastarde Agrimonie boyled in wine or water is singuler good against the old stoppings of the Lyuer and Melte or Splene Also it cureth old feuer tertians being dronken The Decoction thereof dronken healeth all hurtes woundes for whiche purpose it is very excellent and to heale all manner woundes both outwarde and inwarde The female Bastard Agrimonie is of the same operation and is vsed more than the other in wounde drenches The Hepatica or Noble Lyuerwurte is a soueraigne medicine against the heate and inflammation of the Lyuer and all hoate Feuers or agues Of Tornesole Chap. xli †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Heliotropium or Tornesol The one called the great Tornesol and the other the small Tornesol Heliotropium magnum Great Tornesol Heliotropium paruum Small Tornesol †The Description THe great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes couered with a white hearie cotton especially about the toppe The leaues are whitish softe and hearie like veluet and fashioned like Basill leaues The floures be white at the toppe of the stalke growing thicke togither in rewes by one side of the stem the which at the vpper end do bend turne againe like a Scorpiōs tayle or the tayle of a Lobster or riuer Creuis The roote is small and harde The small Tornesol carrieth only but one stem of the length of a foote or somewhat more the which diuideth it self into many branches The leaues be whitishe almost like to the first but somewhat drawing towardes the leaues of the small Clote Burre The floures be yellow and small growing thicke togither and perish or vanish away without the bringing foorth of any fruyte like the floure of Palma Christi The seede is grayishe inclosed in triangled huskes or Coddes like the huskes of Tithymall or Spurge hanging downe vnderneth the leaues by a single stem they come forth without floure for the floure is vnprofitable as is before sayde †The Place The great Tornesol as Ruellius saith groweth in France in frutefull tylled groundes but in this countrey it is onely found in gardens The small Tornesol groweth in lowe sandie and waterie places and is found very plenteously in diuers places of Languedock †The Tyme The Tornesolles do floure about Mydsomer and in Iuly †The Names The great Tornesol is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Heliotropium magnum of the new or late wryters Verrucaria maior and Herba cancri Solaris herba Scorpionis herba and therefore the base Almaignes do call it Creeftcruyt and great Creeftcruyt The small Tornesoll is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
Heliotropium paruum of Aëtius Heliotropium tricoccum of some it is called Verrucaria in Spanishe Tornasol in French Tournesol in base Almaigne Cleyn Creeftcruyt and cleyne Sonnewendt †The Nature The Tornesols are hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues A handfull of the great Tornesoll boyled dronke expelleth by opening the belly gentilly hoate Cholericke humors and tough clammy or slimie flegme The same boyled in wine and drōke is good against the stingings of Scorpions it is also good to be layde too outwardly vpon the wounde They say that if one drinke foure graynes of the seede of this herbe an houre before the comming of the fitte of the feuer Quartayne that it cureth the same And three graynes so taken cureth the feuer Tertian The seede of this herbe pounde layde vpon Wartes and such like excressence or superfluous out growings causeth them to fall away The leaues of the same pounde and layde too cureth the Goute with brusings burstings and dislocation of members The small Tornesoll and his seede boyled with Hysope Cressis and Sall Nitri and dronke casteth foorth wormes both round and flat The same brused with falte and layde vpon Wartes driueth them away With the seede of the smal Tornesoll being yet greene they die and stayne old linnen cloutes and ragges into a purple colour as witnesseth Plinie in his xxj booke Chap. vii wherewithall in this coūtrey men vse to colour gellies wynes fine Confections and Comfittes Of Scorpioides / or Scorpions grasse Chap. xlij †The Description SCorpioides is a small base or lowe herbe not aboue the length of ones hande the stemmes are small vpon whiche groweth fiue or sixe narrow leaues and somewhat long after the fasshion of a Hares eare which is the cause that some Douche men call it Hasen oore The floures be small and yellow after whiche commeth the seede whiche is rough prickley three or foure cleauing togither distinguisshed by ioyntes and turning rounde or bending like a Scorpions tayle Matthiolus describeth an other Scorpioides with slēder stalkes and round leaues sometimes three togither At the toppe of the stalkes groweth two or three little small long hornes togither the whiche also do shewe as they were separated by certayne ioyntes Bysides these two kindes of Scorpioides there is yet twoo other small herbes whiche some do also name Scorpion grasse or Scorpion worte although they be not the right Scorpion grasse The one of them is called Male Scorpion the other female Scorpion Scorpioides Scorpion Grasse Scorpioides Matthioli Matthiolus Scorpion grasse The male Bastard Scorpioides groweth about the length of a mans hand or to the length of a foote his stalkes are crested and crokedly turning aboue at the top whereas the knoppes buddes and floures do stande euen like to a Scorpions tayle the leaues be long narrow and small The floures be fayre and pleasant being of fiue littell leaues set one by an other of Azure colour with a little yellow in the middell The female Bastarde Scorpioides is very much like to the male sauing that his stalkes and leaues be rough and hearie his floures smaller The toppes of the stalkes be likewise croked euen as the toppes of the male †The Place Scorpioides groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but is sowen in the gardens of certaine Herboristes The male Bastarde Scorpioides groweth in medowes alongst by running streames and watercoursses and the nearer it groweth to the water the greater it is and the higher so that the leaues do sometimes grow to the quantitie of willow leaues The female Bastarde Scorpioides groweth in the borders of fieldes and gardens ⧠The Tyme Scorpioides floureth in Iune and Iuly The Bastarde kindes do begin to floure in May and continue flouring the most parte of all the Sommer Pseudoscorpioides mas Bastard Scorpioides the male Pseudoscorpioides faemina Bastard Scorpioides the female †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Scorpioides in English also Scorpioides Scorpion wurte or Scorpion grasse in French Herbe aux Scorpions in base Almaigne Scorpioencruyt and of some Hasen oore that is to say Auricula leporis The other is iudged of Matthiolus for a kinde of Scorpioides wherfore it may be called Matthiolus Scorpioides or Trefoyl Scorpioides The Bastard Scorpioides haue none other knowen name but some count them to be Scorpion herbes as hath bene before sayde †The Nature and Vertues Scorpioides or Scorpion grasse is very good to be layde vpō the stingings of Scorpions as Dioscorides saith Of S. Iohns Worte Chap. xliij †The Description SAynt Iohns worte hath a purple or browne redde stalke full of branches The leaues be long and narrow or small not much vnlike the leaues of garden Rue the whiche if a man do holde betwixt the light and him they will shewe as though they were pricked thorough with the poyntes of needels The floures at the toppe of the branches are fayre and yellow parted into fiue small leaues the whiche being brused do yeelde a redde iuyce or liquor after the floures commeth forth small huskes somewhat long and sharpe poynted like Barley cornes in which is conteyned the seede whiche is small and black and senting like Rosin The roote is wooddish long and yellow There is also an herbe much like to S. Iohus worte aforesayde but it is very small and lowe not growing aboue the length of a spanne whose stalkes be very tender and the leaues small and narrow yea smaller then Rue in all partes else like to the aforesayde †The Place S. Iohns worte groweth by way sides about the edges or borders of fieldes The other smal herbe groweth in fieldes amongst the stubble harde by the wayes †The Tyme Saint Iohns worte floureth most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names S. Iohns worte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Hypericum and of some Perforata and Fuga Dęmonum in Spanish Coraiouzillo and Milfurado yerua de San Iuan in English as is beforesayde S. Iohns worte or S. Iohns grasse in high Douch S. Iohans kraut of some Harthaw in base Almaigne S. Ians cruyt †The Nature S. Iohns worte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues S. Iohns worte with his floures and seede boyled and dronken prouoketh the vrine and causeth to make water is right good against the stone in the bladder it bringeth downe womens floures and stoppeth the laske Hypericum The same boyled in wine and dronken driueth away feuer Tertians and Quartaynes The seede dronken by the space of fortie dayes togither cureth the payne in the hanches whiche they call the Sciatica The leaues pound are good to be layde as a playster vpon burnings The same dryed and made into pouder and strowen vpon woundes and naughtie olde rotten and festered vlcers cureth the same Of S. Peters worte / or Square S. Iohns Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Description THis
kinde of S. Iohns worte in his leaues and stemmes differeth not much frō Hypericum sauing that it is greater The stalke is long without branches or springs the leaues are like the other S. Iohns Grasse but longer browner and greener for the most parte vnderneth it is ouerlayde and couered with fine softe heare sweete in taste and do not shew thorow holed or pricked as the other The floures are like to Hypericum but paler and with longer leaues The buddes before the opening of the floures are spotted with small blacke speckes The seede is in huskes like the seede of Hypericum and smelleth likewise almost like Rosin There is yet an other kinde of this herbe the which the base Almaignes do call Conraet very like to the aforesaide sauing that his leaues be greater whiter not so hearie or softe but better like S. Iohns worte although they appeere not thorow prickt or holed The floures are like to the aforesaid ar also specked in the knappes and buddes with small blacke spottes The roote is woodishe like the other Rata syluestris c. Great S. Iohns worte Ascyrum S. Peters worte †The Place These herbes grow in rough vntilled places in hedges and Copses †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is wild Rue yet this is none of the kindes of the grieuous sauored or stinking Rue it is also called of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Androsaemum The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Ascyrum both are vnknowen in Shoppes in English Square S. Iohns grasse great S. Iohns worte most cōmonly S. Peters worte in high Douch Harthew Waldt Hoff The secōd is called of some Kunratz in base Almaigne Herthoy Coenraet †The Nature They are hoate and dry and lyke to Hypericum ⧠The Vertues The seede of S. Peters worte or square S. Iohns grasse dronken the weight of two Drammes with Honied water and vsed a long space cureth the Sciatica that is the payne in the hanches The same pounde is good to be layde vpon burnings The wine wherein the leaues therof haue ben boyled hath power to cōfolidate close vp woundes if they be oftentimes wasshed with the sayde wine Of Tutsan or Parke leanes Chap. xlv †The Description ANdrosemon is like to Saint Iohns worte S. Peters grasse It hath many rounde stalkes comming out of one roote the whiche do bring forth leaues muche larger than the leaues of S. Iohns wurte in the beginning greene but after that the seede is ripe they waxe redde than being brused betwixt ones fingers they yeeld a redde sappe or iuyce At the toppe of the stalkes groweth smal knoppes or round buttons the whiche in their opening do bring forth floures like to S. Iohns grasse but greater whan they are fallen or perisshed there appeareth littell small pellots or round balles very red at the beginning but afterward of a browne and very darke redde colour whan they be ripe like to the colour of clotted or congeled drie bloud in whiche knops or bearies is conteyned the seede which is small and browne the roote is harde and of wooddie substance yearely sending forth new springs Androsaemon †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey except in gardens where as it is sowen and plāted The Authors of Stirp Aduers noua do affirme that Androsemon groweth by Bristow in England in S. Vincentes Rockes and woody Cleues beyond the water But if Androsemon be Tursan or Parke leaues it groweth plentifully in woodes and parkes in the west partes of England †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Androsaemum vnknowen to the Apothecaries It hath none other common name that I know yet some do also call it Androsae mum fruticans Tutsan so called in French and in English is thought of some late writers to be Clymenon and is called of thē Clymenon Italorum siue Siciliana of our Apothecaries Agnus castus †The Nature It is hoate and dry like S. Iohns grasse or S. Peters wurte †The Vertues Androsemon his vertues are lyke to S. Peters wurte S. Iohns grasse as Galen saith Tutsan is much vsed in Baulmes Drenches and other remedies for woundes Of Woad or Pastel Chap. xlvi ⧠The Kindes THere be two sortes of Woad the one is of the garden and cōmeth of seede and is vsed to colour and die cloth into blew The other is wilde Woad and commeth vp of his owne kinde Isatis satiua Garden Woad Isatis syluestris Wilde Woad †The Description GArden Woad hath long broade swartegreene leaues spread vpon the ground almost lyke the leaues of Plantayne but thicker and blacker the stalke riseth vp from the middest of the leaues of two cubites long set full of smaller and sharper leaues the whiche at the toppe diuideth and parteth it self into many small branches vpon the whiche groweth many littell floures very small and yellow and after them long broade buskes like littell tunges greene at the first and afterward blackishe in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white single and straight and without any great store of threeds or strings The wilde is very like to the garden Woad in leaues stalke and making sauing that the stalke is tenderer smaller and browner and the huskes more narrow otherwise there is no difference betwixt them †The Place Garden Woad is sowen in diuers places of Flanders Almaigne in fertill good grounds The wilde groweth of his owne kinde in vntilled places ⧠The Tyme Both do floure in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Isatis and Glastum of the late writers Guadum and of some Luteum herba in English Woad or Pastel in French Guesde or Pastel in Spanish also Pastel in Italian Guado in high Douche Weibt and Waydt in base Almaigne Weebt †The Nature Garden Woad is dry without any sharpnesse The wilde dryeth more and is more sharpe and byting †The Vertues Garden or sowen Woad brused is good to be layde vpon the woundes of mightie strong people whiche are vsed to dayly labour and exercise and vpon places to stop the running out of bloud vpon fretting vlcers rotten sores It scattereth and dissolueth all colde empostumes being layde therevpon The wilde Woad resisteth moyst and flowing vlcers and consuming rotten sores being layde therevpon but against the other grieffes for which the garden Woad serueth it is of lesse strength and serueth to small purpose bycause of his exceeding sharpnesse The Decoction of wilde Woad dronken is very good for such as haue any stopping or hardnesse in the Milte or Splene Of Dyers weede Chap. xlvij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are long narrow blackish not much vnlike the leaues
of Woad but they are smaller narrower shorter from the middest whereof commeth vp the stalke to the length of three foote couered bylow with small narrow leaues and aboue with little pale yellow floures thicke set and clustering one aboue an other the whiche do turne into small buttons cut crosse wise wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long and single †The Place They sowe it in sundry places of Brabant as about Louayne and Brussels it groweth also of it selfe in places vntilled and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth in May and soone after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Latine as Ruellius wryteth Herba lutea and of some Flos tinctorius in base Almaigne Wounwe of some Orant but not without error for Orant is an other herbe nothing like vnto this as shall be more playnely declared in the processe of this booke †The Nature It is hoate and dry Herba lutea †The Vertues Seing that Herba lutea is not receyued for any vse of Physicke and is vnknowen of the Auncients we be able to wryte nothing els of this herbe sauing that it is vsed of Dyers to colour and dye their clothes into greene and yellow Of S. Iames Worte Chap. xlviij †The Kindes Saynt Iames worte or as some call it Saynt Iames floure is of twoo sortes Iacobea S. Iames worte Iacobea marina S. Iames worte of the Sea †The Description THe first kinde of S. Iames worte hath long browne red crested or straked stalkes two or three foote long The leaues be great browne much clouen and cut not much vnlike the leaues of Wormewood but longer larger thicker and nothing white The floures be yellow growing at the top of the stalkes like to Cammomill in the middest wherof is the seede gray and woolly or downy and fleeth away with the winde The roote is white and ful of strings The second kinde called S. Iames worte of the Sea is much like to the first but the stalke is nothing redde The leaues be smaller whiter and more deeper and smaller iagged The floures be like to the first kinde but more pale or bleaker The roote is long threddy and creeping and bringeth forth round about him new springs †The Place S. Iames worte groweth almost euery where alongst by wayes and waterish places and sometimes also in the borders of fieldes Sea S. Iames worte groweth in trenches and diches and like places adioyning to the Sea †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is now called in Latine Iacobea Herba S. Iacobi and Sancti Iacobi flos in Englishe Saynt Iames worte in French Herbe ou sleur S. Iaques in high Douch S. Iacobs bluom in base Almaigne S. Iacobs cruyt and S. Iacobs bloemen The second without doubte is a kinde of S. Iames worte †The Nature They are both hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues S. Iames herbe hath a speciall vertue to heale woundes wherfore it is very good for all old woundes fistulas and naughtie vlcers Some affirme that the iuyce of this herbe gargeld or gargarised healeth all inflammations or swellings and empostems of the throote Of Flaxe / or Lyn. Chap. xlix †The Description FLax hath a tender stalke couered with sharpe narrow leaues parted at the toppe into small shorte branches the whiche bringeth foorth fayre blewe floures in steede wherof being now fallen there commeth vp round knappes or buttons in whiche is contayned a blackishe seede large fatte and shining †The Place Flaxe is sowen in this countrey in fatte and fine ground especially in lowe moyst fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Flaxe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Linum and in Shoppes it is welknowen by the same name And here ye may perceyue the cause why the base Almaignes do vse the worde Lyn to all things made of Flaxe or Lyne as Linendoeck and Lijnen laken that is to say Lyneclothe or clothe made of Lyne in Englishe Flaxe or Lyne in Frenche Lin in highe Douche Flaschsz in base Almaigne Vlas Linum †The Nature The seede whiche is muche vsed in medicine is hoate in the firste degree and temperate of moysture and drynesse †The Vertues The seede of Lyn boyled in water and layde too in manner of a pultis or playster appeaseth all payne It softeneth all colde tumors or swellings the empostems of the eares and neck and of other partes of the body Lynseede pound with figges doth rypen and breake all Empostems layde there vpon and draweth forth Thornes and all other things that sticke fast in the body if it be mingled with the roote of the wilde Cocomber The same mingled with Cresses and Hony and layde vnto rough rugged and euill fauoured nayles aswell of the handes as of the feete causeth them that be corrupt to fall of and cureth the partie The same rawe pounde and layde to the face clenseth and taketh away all spottes of the face The wine wherein Lynseede hath bene boyled preserueth the vlcers old sores that shal be washed in the same frō corruption festering or inward rāckling The water wherein Lynsede hath bene boyled doth quicken and cleare the sight if it be often dropped or stilled into the eyes The same taken in glisters swageth the gryping paynes of the belly and of the Matrix or Mother and cureth the woundes of the bowelles and Matrix if there be any Lynseede mengled with Hony taken as an Electuary or Lochoch cleanfeth the breast and appeaseth the Cough and eaten with Raysons is good for such as are fallen into Consumtions and feuer Hetiques †The Daunger The seede of Lin taken into the body is very euill for the stomacke it hindereth the digestion of meates and engendreth much windinesse Of Hempe Chap. l. †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Hempe the one is frutefull and beareth seede The other beareth but floures onely †The Description THe first kind of Hempe hath a rounde hollow stalk foure or fiue foote long full of branches like to a little tree at the top of the branches growēth little smal round bags or huskes wherin is cōteyned the seede which is round The leaues be great rough blackishe parted into seuen nine ten and sometymes into moe partes long narrow and snipt or dented round about with notches like the teeth of a Saw The whole leafe with all his partes is like to a hand spread abroade The secōd is also in leaues like to the first and it hath a thicke stalke out of whiche by the sides groweth foorth sundry branches but it beareth neither seede nor frute sauing small white floures the whiche like duste or pouder is caried away with the winde Cannabis semen faciens Seede Hempe Cānabis absque semine Barren Hempe †The Place These two sortes of Hempe are sowen in fieldes
The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes most cōmonly two togither of a browne redde colour after the whiche there commeth vp small round beries of a swarte redde colour like Strawberies but harder within whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and spreading about here and there †The Place Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle groweth low and in shadowie places sometimes also by water sides especially the redde kinde whiche is onely founde in diches or aboute diches of standing water †The Tyme Cinquefoyle floureth in May but chiefly in Iune †The Names Cinquefoyle is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pentaphyllum and Quinquefolium in Italian Cinquefolio in Spanish Cinco en rama in English Cinquefoyle or Sinkefoyle of some Fyueleaued grasse or Fiuefingred grasse in French Quintefueille in high Douch Funfffingerkraut Funffblat in base Almaigne Vijfvingercruyt †The Nature Cinquefoyle is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Synkefoyle boyled in water vntill the thirde parte be consumed doth appease the aking and raging payne of the teeth Also if one hold in his mouth the decoction of the same and the mouth be well wasshed therewithall it cureth the sores and vlcers of the same The same decoction of the roote of Sinkefoyle dronken cureth the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of the bellie and stancheth all excessiue bleeding and is good against the goute Sciatica The roote boyled in vineger doth mollifie and appeace fretting and consuming sores and dissolueth wennes and colde swellings it cureth euilfauored nayles and the inflammation and swelling about the siege and all naughtie scuruinesse if it be applied thereto The iuyce of the roote being yet yong and tender is good to be dronken against the disseases of the Liuer the Lunges and al poyson The leaues dronken in honied water or wine wherein some Pepper hath bene mengled cureth Tertian and Quartaine feuers And dronken after the same maner by the space of thirtie dayes it helpeth the falling sicknesse The leanes pound layde too healeth filine burstings or the falling doune of the bowelles or other mater into the Coddes and mengled with salte and Hony they close vp woundes Fistulas and spreading vlcers The iuyce of the leaues dronken doth cure the Iaunders and comforte the Lyuer Of Tormentill / or Setfoyle Chap. lvij †The Description TOrmentill is much like vnto Sinckefoyle it hath slender stalkes rounde and tender fiue of sixe springing vp out of one roote and creeping by the ground The leaues be small fiue or most commonly seuen growing vpon a stem much like the leaues of Sinckefoyle and euery leafe is likewise snipte and dented rounde about the edges The floures be yellow much like the floures of wilde Tansie and Sinckefoyle The roote is browne redde and thicke †The Place Tormentill groweth in low darke shadowy woodes in greene wayes †The Tyme It floureth oftētimes al the somer long †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes and in Latine Tormentilla and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Septifolium in English Setfoyle and Tormentill in French Tormentille Souchet de bois in high Douch Tormentill Brickwurtz and Rot Heylwurtz in base Almaigne Tormētille The markes and notes of this herbe do approche very neare to the description of Chrysogonum †The Nature It dryeth in the third degree †The Vertues The leaues of Tormentill with their roote boyled in wine or the iuyce thereof dronken prouoketh sweate and by that meanes it driueth out all venim from the harte moreouer they are very good to be eaten or dronken against all poyson and against the plague or pestilence The same vertue hath the dryed rootes to be made in pouder and dronker in wine Tormentilla Also the roote of Tormentill made into pouder dronken in wine whan one hath no feuer or with the water of a Smythes forge or water wherein Iron or hoate burning steele hath bene often quenched whan one hath a feuer cureth the blouddy flixe al other fluxes or laskes of the belly It stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluouse rūning of womens floures all other kindes of fluxe or issue of bloud The Decoction of the leaues roote of Tormentill or the iuyce of the same dronken is good for all woundes both inwardly and outwardly it doth also open and heale the stoppings and hurtes of the Lunges and the Lyuer and is good against the Iaunders The roote of the same made into pouder and tempered or knoden with the white of an Egge and eaten stayeth the desire to vomitte and is good against the dissease called Choler or Melancholy The same boyled in water and afterward the mouth being wasshed therewithall cureth the noughtie vlcers and sores of the same Of Strawberries Chap. lviij †The Description THe Strawberrie with his small and slender hearie branches creepeth alongst the ground and taketh roote and holde fast in diuers places of the ground like Sinckefoyle the leaues also are somewhat like Sinckfoyle for they be likewise cut and snipte round about neuerthelesse it bringeth forth but onely three leaues growing togither vpon each hearie stem or footestalke The floures be white yellow in the middel somewhat after the fasshiō of Cinquefoyle the whiche being past it beareth a pleasant round fruite greene at the firste but redde whan it is rype sometimes also ye shall finde them very white whan they be ripe in taste and sauour very pleasant †The Place Strawberies growe in shaddowy wooddes deepe trenches and bankes by high way sides They be also muche planted in gardens †The Tyme The Strawbery floureth in Aprill and the frute is ripe in Iune †The Names The Strawbery is called in Latine Fragaria Fragula in English Strawbery Strawbery plante in French Fraisier in high Douch Erdtheerē kraut in base Almaigne Eerdtbesiencruyt The frute is called in Latine Fraga in French Des fraises in high Douch Erdtbeer in base Almaigne Eerdtbesien Fragaria †The Nature The Strawbery plante or herbe with the greene and vnripe Strawberies are colde dry The ripe Strawberies are colde and moyst †The Vertues The Decoction of the Strawbery plante dronken stoppeth the laske the superfluouse course of womens floures The same decoction holden kept in the mouth comforteth the gummes cureth the naughtie vlcers and sores of the mouth auoydeth the stinking of the same The iuyce of the leaues cureth the rednesse of the face Strawberies quench thirst the cōtinual vse of them is very good for them that feele great heate in their stomacke Of Siluer weede / or wilde Tansie Chap. lix †The Description THe wilde Tansie is much like to the Strawbery plante and Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches and in his creeping alongst and hanging fast to the grounde his stalkes be also small and tender The leaues be long deepely cut euen harde to
riuer of Reene In this countrey they sow it in gardens The other three kindes groweth in this countrey in sandy groundes about dry Diches and in certayne moyst places and in wooddes †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly Cotton weede floureth often and againe in August †The Names The firste kinde of these herbes is called of Theophrastus in his nienth Booke and .xxj. Chapter in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Theodore Gaza Aurelia And of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ageratum in Shoppes Sticas citrina and Sticados citrinum Of some Tinearea and Amaranthus Luteus in English Golde floure Motheworte or Golden Stechados and of Turner Golden Floureamor in high Douch Rheinblumen Mottenblumen Mottenkraut in base Almaigne Rheynbloemen and Rhijnbloemen There is yet an other herbe descrybed by Dioscorides called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elichrysum and Amaranthus the whiche is nothing like to Sticas citrina For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliochryson of Theophrastus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elychryson of Dioscorides are two seuerall herbes And therefore they are greatly deceyued that thinke Sticas citrina to be the Elichryson of Dioscorides The other three are all called at this tyme by one name in Latine Filago in Spanish Yerua Golandrina in high Douch Rhurkraut in base Almaigne Rhuercruyt or Root melizoen cruyt that is to say Bloudy Flixeworte The first of these three is called of Plinie Herba impia bycause that his last floures do surmount and grow higher than the first Some would haue these three herbes to be that whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Centunculum Centuncularis and Tomentitia but yet their iudgement is not right as it shall appeare in the Chapter nexte following †The Nature These herbes be of a drying nature The Golde floure or golden Staechas is hoate also as it may be perceyued by his bitternesse ⧠The Vertues Golden Staechas boyled in wine and dronken killeth wormes and bringeth them forth and is good agaynst the bytings and stingins of venemouse beastes The same boyled in lye clenseth the heare from Lyce and Nittes The same layde in Warderoobes and Presses keepeth apparell and garments from Mothes Of Gnaphalion / or Small Cotton Chap. lxij †The Description GNaphalion is a base or low herbe with many slender softe branches and small leaues couered all ouer which a certaine white cotton or fine wooll and very thicke so that ye would say it were all wooll or Cotton The floures be yellow growe like buttons at the top of the stalkes as ye may perceyue by the figure †The Place This herbe groweth no where but by the sea coast there is plenty of it in Languedock and Prouince †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gnaphalium Cētunculus Centuncularis Tucularis Albinum of some Gelafo Anaphalis Anaxiton Hires and Tomentitia Also Bombax humilis in English of Turner Cudweed Chafeweed Cartaphilago It may be called also Pety Cotton or small Bōbase in Frēch Petit Coton l'herbe borreuse or Cotoniere Pena in his Stirp Aduers noua calleth it Chamaezylon Gnaphalium †The Nature Gnaphalion is dry and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Gnaphalion boyled in thicke red wine are good against the blouddy flixe as Dioscorides and Galen doth witnesse Of Plantayne or Waybrede Chap .lxiij. †The Kyndes THere is found in this coūtrey of three sortes of Plantayne great plenty bysides whiche there is yet an other founde which groweth in salte grounde all whiche in figure do partely resemble one an other †The Description THe great Plantayne hath great large leaues almost like to a Beete leaffe with seuen ribbes behinde on the backeside which do al assemble meete togither at the ende of the leafe next the roote The stemmes be round of the heigth of a foote or more sometimes of a reddissh colour and comming vp from the roote in the middell amongst the leaues the which stalkes or stēmes from the middle vpwarde towardes the toppe are couered rounde about with small knoppes or heads whiche first of all do turne into small floures and afterward into smal huskes conteyning a blackish seede like to a Spike eare or a little Torche The roote is shorte white and of the thickenesse of a fingar hauing many white hearie threedes Of this kinde there is founde an other the Spikes eares or torches wherof are very dubble so as in euery Spyky eare in steede of the little knappes or heades it bringeth forth a number of other smal torches wherof eche one is lyke to the spike or torch of great Plantayne Plantago maior Great Plantayne Plantago media Middle Plantayne The seconde kinde of Plantayne is like to the first sauing that his leaues be narrower smaller and somewhat hearie The stalkes be round and somewhat cottony or hearie and bringeth foorth at the toppe spiked knoppes or torches a great deale shorter than the first Plantayne the blowings of it are purple in white The roote is white and longer than the firste The thirde kinde of Plantayne is smaller than the seconde The leaues be long and narrow with ribbes like the leaues of the other Plātayne of a darke greene colour with small points or purles set here and there alongst the edges of the leaues The stalkes be crested or straked and beare at the toppe fayre spiked knappes with white floures or blossoms like the spykie knoppes of the middle Plantayne The roote is shorte and very full of threedy strings The Sea Plantayne is narrower it hath long leaues very narrow and thicke the stalkes be of a spanne long full of small graynes or knops from the middle euen vp to the top much like to the torche of the great Plantayne The roote is also threddy †The Place The three first Plantaynes grow almost euery where in this countrey in pastures and leases about wayes and moyst places Plantago minor Small Plantayne Ribworte Plantago marina Sea Plantayne The Sea Plantayne groweth in salt groundes vpon the bankes and borders of salte water streames as in Zealand Barowgh in great plenty by the water Zoom †The Tyme The Plantaynes do floure most commonly in this countrey in the moneths of Iune and Iuly The seede is ripe in August †The Names Plantayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lingua Agnina Lammes tungue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shops Plantago in Italian Plantagine in Spanish Tamchagen Lengua de oueja in English Plantayne in high Douch Wegrich or Schaffzungen in base Almaigne Wechbree The first kinde is now called in Latine Plantago maior and Plantago rubra in English Great Plantayne in French Grand Plantaine in high Douch Roter Wegrich in base Almaigne Roode wechbree The second kind is called in Latine Plantago media in Frēch Plantain moien in English Middle
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
a littell flat rounde Hatte The roote is white long and single Of this sorte there is found an other kinde in all poyntes like to the aforesayde sauing that at euery head or knap there groweth in the steede of floures many other small knoppes or littell tuffets of floures hanging downe by long stemmes after the same manner as one may also sometimes see in some kindes of Daysies and Marigolds The second kinde of Scabious is the smallest or least amongst the kindes of Scabious no higher than ones hande much like vnto the great Scabious both in his leaues and floures sauing that it is smaller and the leaues be more deeper cut and iagged The third kinde is as it were a meane betwixte the other twayne smaller than the greatest and bigger than the smallest in floures much like the other twayne The leaues be long hearie and grayish snipt and cut rounde aboute but nothing so much or so deepely gaysht as the two others The roote is long and slender like the roote of the first and greatest Scabious There is also an herbe like vnto Scabious growing to the heigth of a foote half or two foote long with long narrow leaues like to the leaues of the greater Scabious or Diuels bitte the which be somwhat snipt and bluntly cut about the edges The stalkes or stemmes be round vpon the toppes whereof groweth small round knappes or bollines couered with scales like to the knops of blew Bottell or Cornefloure but much greater out of the middest wherof groweth purple hearie floures like to the middell parte of Cyanus or Blew bottell The roote is thicke shorte croked with many threedy strings †The Place The great Scabiouse and Iacea nigra do grow in medowes and pastures The smaller Scabious groweth in medowes and watery groundes that stande lowe Sheepes Scabiouse groweth in the fieldes and by the way sides †The Tyme They do all floure in Iune and Iuly Iacea nigra Materfilon or Knapweede †The Names These herbes were not described of the Auncient writers as far as I can learne and therfore they haue no Greeke nor Latine name to vs knowen The first is now called in Shoppes Scabiosa and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Scabious in French Scabieuse in Douch Apostemkraut Pestemkraut and Grindtkraut in base Almaigne Scabiose The second is now called Scabiosa minor that is to say small Scabious The third is called in English Sheepes Scabious in French Scabieuse de brebis in base Almaigne Schaeps Scabiose The fourth is now called in Shoppes Iacea nigra and Materfilon and it hath none other name knowen vnto vs. †The Nature All the Scabiouses are hoate dry digesters diuiders of grosse humors †The Vertues Scabious boyled by it self or with his roote in wine or water and dronken doth clense the breast and the lunges and is good against an old Cough the impostems of the breast and all other inward partes as in the clensing ripping sodering healing of the same The same effect hath the Conserue made with the floures of Scabiouse and sugar to be vsed dayly Scabious is also good against all itch scuruinesse to be pound and layde to the same or to be mixte with oyles and oyntments fit for the same The lye wherin Scabious hath ben boyled or stiped doth clense the heare frō all bran or white scurffe whiche is small duste or scales which falleth from the head whan the head and heare is wasshed therewithall The Decoction of Iacea nigra gargeled or whan the mouth is often wasshed therewithall it doth waste consume the impostems of the mouth and throte that are yet fresh and new and doth ripe and breake them that be olde The small Scabious and the sheepes Scabious are not vsed in medicine Of Deuels bitte Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THe stalkes of Deuels bitte are round and of two or three foote lōg bearing broade leaues very little or nothing at al snipt about the edges The floures be of a darke purple colour sometimes white growing round thicke togither like the croppe or floure of Hoppes after the falling away whereof the seede is carried away with the winde The roote is blacke harde short thicke with many threddy strings by the sides the whiche in the middell or as it were about the hart of the same seemeth as it were bitten of †The Place Deuels bit groweth in dry medowes and woodes and about way sides †The Tyme This herbe floureth most cōmonly in August the which being in floure is easie to be knowen otherwise it is somewhat harde to be knowen bycause it doth resemble Scabious or Iacea nigra Morsus Diaboli †The Names It is called in Shops Morsus diaboli in English Deuels bit in French Mors de diable in high Douch Teuffels abbisz in base Almaigne Duyuels beet Of some late writers Succisa in Latine And it hath none other names whereby it is yet knowen †The Nature Deuels bitte is hoate and dry like vnto Scabious †The Vertues The decoctiō of Deuels bit with his roote boyled in wine drōken is good against al the diseases that Scabious serueth for also against the Pestilence The same decoction dissolueth clotted bloud in the body by meanes of any bruse or fall Diuels bitte fressh and greene gathered with his roote and floures pounde or stamped and layde to Carboncles Pestilential sores and Botches doth ripe and heale the same The decoction of the roote boyled in wine and dronken is good against the payne of the Matrix or Mother and against all poyson Of Scordium / or water Germander Chap. lxxv †The Description THis herbe hath square hearie or cottony stalkes creeping by the ground and set vpon euery side with softe crimpled and round whitish leaues nickt snipt roūd about the edges like a saw betwixt which and the stalke groweth littell purple floures like to the floures of dead Nettell but smaller The roote hath threedy strings creeping in the ground †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medowes neare about diches is found in some partes of the countrey of Brabant †The Tyme Scordion floureth most commonly in Iune Iuly thā is the best gathering of it †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scordiū Trixago palustris of some Mithridatium in high Douch wasser Batenig and of some Lachen Knoblauch in base Almaigne Water loock in English also Scordion water Germander †The Nature Scordion is hoate dry in the thirde degree Scordium †The Vertues Scordion drōken with wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer the Milte the Kidneys the Bladder and the Matrix it prouoketh vrine and is good against the stoppings of vrine and strangury whan a man cannot pisse but drop after drop it moueth and prouoketh womens floures The same taken in manner aforesayde is good against the bitting of Serpents and
It is in vertue like Telephium wherfore if it be layde with vineger vpō the body it taketh away the white and blacke spottes and Lentils or freckles Also the herbe alone pounde and onely layde vpon such spottes and markes by the space of sixe houres taketh them cleane away but yet those spottes must be playstered afterwardes with Barly meale Of Mulleyne / or Hygtaper Chap. lxxxi †The Kyndes THere be foure sortes of Mulleyne as Dioscorides writeth whereof the two first are white Mulleyne and of them one is Male and the other female The third is blacke Mulleyne The fourth is wilde Mulleyne †The Description THe white male Mulleyn or rather Wolleyn hath great broade long white softe wolly leaues from the lowest parte vpward euen to the middell of the stem or somewhat higher but the higher the smaller are the leaues From the leaues vpwarde euen to the top of the stalke it is thicke set round about with pleasant yellow floures each floure parted into fiue smal leaues the whole top with his pleasant yellow floures sheweth like to a waxe Candell or taper cunningly wrought The roote is long and single of a woddy substance and as thicke as ones thombe The other white Mulleyne called the female Mulleyn hath white leaues frysed with a soft wooll or Cotton the stalkes and roote are like to the aforesayde sauing that the floures be white and parted into sixe littell leaues The third Mulleyn which is also of the female kind is like to the abouesayd in stalkes leaues floures sauing that his leaues be larger his floures are of a pale yellow colour with small redde threedes in the middell fasshioned almost like to a littell Rose The roote is long and thicke like the others Verbascum album mas White male Mulleyne Verbascum album foemina albo flore White female Mulleyne with the white floure The Blacke Mulleyn hath great blacke rough leaues of a strong sauour and not softe or gentill in handeling The floures be yellow in fasshion like the others but a great deale smaller the stalke and roote is like to the others The wilde Mulleyn is very much like Sage aswel in stalkes as in leaues It hath many square twigges and branches of wooddy substance alwayes two growing togither out of a ioynt standing directly one against an other The leaues be soft and whitishe like to the leaues of Sage but much greater and softer The floures grow at the toppe of the branches and are of yellow colour †The Place The Mulleynes grow about the borders of fieldes by the high way sides and vpon bankes The wilde Mulleyn is not common in this countrey but we haue seene it in the pleasant garden of Iames Champaigne the deere friende and louer of Plantes †The Tyme The Mulleyns do floure most commonly in Iuly August and September and the wilde kinde floureth againe more later †The Names Mulleyn is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbascum of Apuleius Lychnitis and Pycnitis and of some Candela regis Candelaria and Lunaria in Shoppes Tapsus barbatus in Italian Tassobarbasso in English also Tapsus barbatus Verbascū albū foemina luteo flore White female Mulleyne with yellow floures Verbascum nigrū Wilde Mulleyne Verbascum syluestre Wild Mulleyne Mulleyne or rather Wulleyn Higtaper Torches and Longworte in high Douch Wuulkraut Kertzenkraut Brēkraut Himelkraut Vnholdenkertz and Kunningskertz in base Almaigne Vollecruyt Wollebladeren and Tortsecruyt †The Nature The Mulleyns be dry without any manifest heate †The Vertues The roote of white Mulleyne boyled in redde wine and dronken stoppeth and healeth the dangerous laske and bloudy flixe The same boyled in water dronken is good for them that are broken hurte inwardely and against an old Cough of long continuance The decoction of the roote swageth tooth ache is good against the inflammations and vlcers of the Aulmondes or kernels of the throte to be kept warme in the mouth and the mouth to be wasshed and clensed by often gargeling of the same He do read that if dryed figges be wrapt in the leaues of the white female Mulleyn it shall preserue them a long time from corruption The leaues of Mulleyne are also good against the Hemorrhoides whan they be wiped and clensed therewith and it is good to wasshe the mouth with the decoction of the same The blacke Mulleyn with his pleasant yellow floures boyled in water or wine and drōken is good against the diseases of the brest and the lunges and against all spitting of corrupt and rotten matter The leaues of the same boyled with Rue do appease the payne of the side The leaues of blacke Mulleyn boyled in water are good to be layde vpon colde swellings called Oedema and vpon the vlcers and inflaminations of the eyes The same leaues pounde with hony and wine do cure naughtie and mortified vlcers and with vineger it cureth the inflammation of woundes The golden floures of Mulleyn stiped in lye causeth the heare to waxe yellow being wasshed therewithall The seede of Mulleyne is good to drinke as saith Plinie against the bursting and falling out of ioynte of members for it taketh away the swelling and swageth the payne The wilde Mulleyne stamped is good to be layde vpon burnings and scaldings made with fire or water and otherwise Apuleius saith that Mercury gaue Mulleyn to Vlysses whā he came neare to the inchanteresse Circe to the ende that by the vertue of Mulleyn he might be preserued against all the enchantments or witchings of Circe Of Blattaria / or Mothe Mulleyn Chap. lxxxij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are greene smooth long iagged or snipt round about and spread abroade vpon the ground somewhat like to the leaues of Veruayne from the middest of those leaues doo spring vp two or three stems bearing fayre yellow floures and sometimes also it beareth purple floures so lyke to the floures of Mulleyn in smel fasshion and quantitie that oftentimes as witnesseth Plinie this herbe hath bene gathered for wilde Mulleyne After the floures there arise small knoppes or bullets in whiche the seede is conteyned smaller than the seede of Mulleyn The roote is shorte and of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth by way sides in Vineyardes and certayne fieldes also about Riuers and is seldome founde in this countrey Blattaria ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names Plinie calleth it in Latine Blattaria some call it Verbascum Leptophyllon it maybe called in English Purple or Mothe Mulleyn it is called in French Herbe aux mites Herbe vermineuse and Blattaire in high Douch Schabenkraut Goldtknopflin and of some in base Almaigne Mottencruyt †The Nature As it may be well perceyued by the bitter sauour the herbe is hoate dry almost in the third degree †The Vertues As concerning the vertues of this herbe we finde none other thing wryten of it sauing that the Mothes and Battes do incontinently
come to this herbe whersoeuer it be strowen or layde Of Petie Mulleyn / or the kindes of Primeroses Chap. lxxxiij †The Kyndes PEtie Mulleyn whiche we call Cowslippe and Primerose is of two sortes great and small The great is also of two sortes the one hath yellow sweete smelling floures the other hath pale floures The smaller sorte which we call Primerose is of diuers kindes as yellow and greene single and dubble Verbasculum odoratum Cowslippe Verbasculum album Oxelippe †The Description THe firste kinde of petie Mulleyn hath white leaues crumpled and wrinckled somwhat like to the leaues of Bittayne but whiter and greater and not so snipt or indented about the edges amongst the whiche there ariseth bare and naked stemmes of the length of a mans hande bearing at the toppe a bunch or as it were a bundell of nine or ten yellow floures of a good sauour and hanging lopping downewardes after whiche floures past ye shall finde in the huskes wherein they stoode littell long bulleyns wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is white and of threedy strings The Oxelip or the small kinde of white Mulleyn is very like to the Cowslippe aforesayde sauing that his leaues be greater and larger and his floures be of a pale or faynt yellow colour almost white and without sauour The Prymerose whiche is the very least smallest Mulleyn hath small whitishe or yellowish greene leaues in all partes like to the leaues of Oxelippe amongst the whiche there riseth vp littel fine hearie stemmes eche stemme bearing but one onely floure like to the floures of Oxelippe both in smell colour proportion The roote is also small and threedy like the roote of Oxelippe Of this kinde some be very fayre and dubbell There is yet an other sorte whiche is very like the laste recited kinde in all partes sauing that it bringeth forth greenish floures of colour like to the leaues of the Prymerose herbe or plante †The Place Cowslippes Oxelippes and Prymeroses grow in lowe moyst wooddes standing in the pendant or hanging of hilles and mountaynes and in certayne medowes The white is common in this coūtrey and so are al the rest especially the greene dubble kindes whiche are planted in gardens Verbasculum minus Prymerose †The Tyme These herbes do floure in April and somtimes also in March February †The Names The petie Mulleyns are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Verbascula in Shoppes Primulae veris and Herbae paralysis and of some Artheticae in English Cowslippes Primeroses Oxelips and dubble Cowslips Primeroses and Oxelips in high Douch Schlusselblumen in Brabant Sluetelbloemen The first kind is now called in Latine Herba S. Petri in English Cowslips in French of some Coquu prime vere Brayes de Coquu in high Douch Himelschlussel S. Peters kraut geel Schlusselblumen wolrieckende Schusselblumen in base Almaigne S. Peeters cruyt and welrieckende Sluetelbloemen The second kinde is called in Shoppes Primula veris Herba Paralysis in English Oxelips in high Douch wilde Schlusselblumen weis Himelschuslel in base Almaigne Witte Sluetelbloemen and of some witte Betonie The thirde kinde is called in Latine Verbasculum minus in Shops Primula veris minor in English Primerose and wood Primerose in base Almaygne cleyn witte Betonie or enkel Sluetelbloemen and cleyn Sluetelbloemen †The Nature The small or petie Mulleyns are dry in the third degree without any manifest heate †The Vertues The petie Mulleyns that is to say the Cowslips Primeroses Oxelips are now vsed dayly amongst other pot herbes but in Physicke there is no great accompt made of them They are good for the head synewes and haue other good vertues as Pena and Mattiolus write Of Aethiopis Chap. lxxxiiij †The Description AEthiopis hath great brode woolly leaues like to the leaues of Mulleyn but rougher better cottoned or frysed and not so rounde by the edges but more torne with deeper cuttes in aboute the borders and roundly spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the whiche there springeth vp a square rough hearie stalke diuiding it self abrode into sundry branches alōgst that which rounde aboute certayne ioynts it bringeth forth many white floures almost like to the floures of dead Nettell but a great deale bigger The roote is long and thicke lyke the roote of Mulleyn †The Place This herbe groweth not in this countrey but in the gardēs of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Aethiopis floureth in May. †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Aethiopis and other name than Aethiopis we know not Aethiopis †The Nature Aethiopis is meanely hoate and dry †The Vertues Aethiopis is good for those that haue the Pleuresie and for such as haue their breasts charged with corrupt and rotten matter and for such as are greeued with the asperitie and roughnesse in the throote also against the Sciatica if one drinke the decoction of the roote thereof For the sayde diseases of the breast lunges it is good to licke oftentimes of a confection made with the roote of this herbe and hony Of Sage of Ierusalem Chap. lxxxv †The Description Pulmonaria SAge of Ierusalem hath rough hearie large browne greene leaues sprinckled with diuers white spots like drops of milke Amōgst the sayd leaues springeth vp certaine stalkes of a span lōg bearing at the top many fine floures growing togither in a bunch like Cowslip floures of colour at the first redde or purple and somtimes blew after the floures it bringeth foorth small buttons wherein is the seede The roote is blacke long and thicke with many threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst shadowie places is planted almost euery where in gardens †The Tyme It floureth betimes in March and Aprill and shortly after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called of the Apothecaries and Herboristes of this countrey Pulmonaria Pulmonalis in Latine Pulmonis herba that is to say Lungewurt or the herbe for the lunges and of some it is called in Latine Symphitum Syluestre whiche may be Englisshed wilde Comfrey the Picards call it Herbe de cueur we call it in English Sage of Ierusalem Cowslip of Ierusalem in French Herbe aux poulmons in base Almaigne Onser vrouwen melck cruyt and Onser vrouwen spin that is to say Our Ladies Milkeworte bycause the leaues be full of white spottes as though they were sprinckled with milke There is yet an other Lungeworte whereof we shall write in the third Booke †The Nature and Vertues This herbe hath no particular vse in Physicke but it is much vsed in meates and Salades with egges as is also Cowslippes and Prymeroses whervnto in temperature it is much like Of Veruayne Chap. lxxrvi †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Veruayne the one called in Latine Verbena recta that is to say Vpright or straight Veruayne The other is called Verbena
supina that is to say Low and base Veruayne the whiche againe is diuided into two sortes the male and female †The Description THe straight or vpright Veruayne hath vpright and straight stemmes of the heigth of a foote and more full of braunches with small blewishe floures growing vpon the same The leaues be greene dented about and in some places deepely cut or torne lyke an Oken leafe The roote is short and hath many threedy strings Verbeneca recta Vpright Veruayne Hiera Botane mas Flat Veruayne Hiera Botane foemina The female flat or low Veruayne The flatte or creeping Veruayne hath tender hearie and square stalkes or branches of the length of a foote or a foote a halfe creeping by the grounde with roundish leaues dent or snipt round about like to Oken leaues or the leaues of Germander described in the xvj Chapter of this booke but far smaller then Oken leaues greater than the leaues of Germander the floures be fayre and blew growing alongst the branches at the top After which there commeth small flat coddes or pursses like the seede of Paules Betony whiche we cal Speede well The roote is thredy The second kinde of flatte or creeping Veruayne whiche is also the female low Veruayne is very like to the aforesayd so that as Plinie in the xix Chap. of his xxv booke writeth Some haue made no difference betwixt the Male and Female and to say the truth there is but small differēce betwixt these two herbes for the female is very wel like to the male aswell in stēs as in the leaues floures and rootes sauing that the stemmes of the female are rounder his leaues be somwhat smaller and hath more store of branches comming vp from the roote The floures also grow thicker or nearer togither than the floures of the male flat Veruayne †The Place The first kinde of Veruayne groweth in rude places about hedges walles wayes streates and diches The second kinde groweth in gardens and lowe shadowy places and of this forte the male is more common than the female †The Tyme The Veruaynes floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The first kinde of Veruayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbeneca Columbina Columbaris Herba sanguinalis Crista gallinacea Exupera and of some Feria or Ferraria Trixago Verbena recta and Columbina recta in Shoppes Verbena in Italian Vermina tola vrgibaon y Macho in English Veruayne or Varueyn in French Veruaine in high Douch Eisernkraut Eisernhart Eisernrich in base Almaigne Verbene Ysercruyt and Yserhert The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at this time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Pythagoras Erysisceptrum and of some others Demetria in Latine Sacra herba Verbenaca supina and Cincinalis of Apuleius Licinia Lustrago Columbina supina and Militaris in Shoppes very erroneously it is called Chamedryos or Chamedrys in English Base or flat Veruayne in high Douch Erdtweirauch and of some following the errour of the Apothecaries Gamanderle and Blawmenderle in base Almaigne it may be called Neere oft cruypende Verbene that is to say in French Veruaine basse ouse trainant par terre †The Nature These two kindes of Veruayne are of a drying power †The Vertues The leaues of vpright Veruayne or the roote alone or both together boyled in water are very good for the sores and vlcers of the mouth and iawes if the mouth be wasshed with the same Decoction The Decoction of the herbe or of his roote swageth tooth ache fasteneth loose teeth to be often gargled withall or kept a good space within the mouth The same dronken continually by the space of fiue dayes cureth the grypings of the belly Veruayne mengled with oyle of Roses and vineger or boyled in oyle layd to the head after the manner of a playster cureth the head ache The same vertue hath a garlande or Corone of Veruayne against head ache to be worne vpō the head as Archigenes saith The leaues of Veruayne pound with swynes grease or oyle of Roses doth mitigate appeace the paynes of the Mother or Matrix to be applied thereto The same pound with vineger are good to be layde to S. Anthonies fyre and naughtie scuruie and rotten sores and stamped or pounde with Hony it healeth greene woundes and closeth vp olde The flat and base Veruayne is good against all venim and poyson against the bytings and stinging of Serpents and other venemous beasts to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the greefe The leaues thereof dronken in olde wine the weight of a dram and halfe with asmuch Frankēcens by the space of fortie dayes fasting cureth the Iaundes It is good to wasshe the mouth with the Decoction of the leaues and roote thereof boyled in wine against the fretting festering sores of the mouth and iawes or the almondes or kernels vnder the throte The greene leaues pound layd too taketh away the swelling the paine of hoate impostems and tumors and clenseth corrupt and rotten vlcers Some write that the water wherin this Veruayne hath bene stiped being cast or sprinckled about the hall or place whereas any feast or banket is kepte maketh all the company both lustie and merie And that a branche of three knottes or ioyntes of this herbe is good to be dronken against a feuer tertian and a branche of foure ioyntes is good against a feuer quartayne Of Nettell Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Nettels The one is the burning and stinging Nettell The other is the dead Nettell whiche doth not burne nor sting at all And each of these kindes is of diuers sortes For of the hoate and stinging Nettell there be three kindes that is to say the Greeke or Romayne Nettels and the great the small the burning Nettels whereas againe they are diuided into two kindes to wit the Male and the Female so that the Romayne Nettell is the Male and the other twayne are the Female The dead Nettell shal be described in the next Chapter †The Description THE Romayne Nettell hath round rough hollow and hearie stalkes The leaues belong rough burning or stinging deepely natched or dented aboute betwixt the leaues the stalke it bringeth foorth small rounde and rough buttōs or pellettes full of browne flatte shiuing seede like vnto lyne-seede but rounder smaller Vrtica syluestris The wilde Nettell or Romayne Nettell Vrtica maior The great cōmon Nettell The small Nettell is like to the Nettels aforesayd but it is much smaller not exceeding in length a foote or a foote and a halfe The stalkes be round and rough and the leaues belike to the other sauing they be smaller and greener The seede is bigger and the roote is shorter †The Place The Romayne Nettels are found in some woodes of this countrey as the wood of Soignie but not very commonly it is also sowen in the gardens of Herboristes
The other kindes grow in all places as by hedges quicke settes and walles †The Tyme Nettell seede is ripe in August †The Names The Nettell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Shoppes Vrtica in Italian Ortica in Spanish Ortiga in French Ortie The first kinde is now called Vrtica Romana and Vrtica mas in English Greeke or Romayne Nettell or the male Nettel in French Ortie Griesche ou Romaine in high Douch Welsch nessel in base Almaigne Roomsche Netelen The second kinde is called Vrtica cōmunis Vrtica foemina and Vrtica maior in English Great common nettel in French Ortie in high Douch Heyternesse in base Almaigne groote Netelen Vrtica minor The small Nettell The smallest kinde is called of Plinie Cania and now Vrtica minor in English the small Nettell and the small burning Nettell in French Petite Ortie and Ortie brulante in high Douch Brennessel Habernessel in base Almaigne heete Netelen †The Nature The burning or stinging Nettels are hoate and dry of thinne substance ⧠The Vertues The seede of Romayne Nettell tempered or mēgled with Honie and oftentimes licked clenseth the breast from tough and slimie fleumes other corrupt and rotten humors Also it is good for the shortnesse of breath the troublesome and vehement cough that children be often vexed withall the inflammation of the lunges and the old Pleuresie or long sought The same dronken with sweete wine doth stirre vp bodely pleasure and is good against the blasting and windinesse of the stomacke The seede of Romayne Nettell dronken with Meede the waight of a scruple at night after supper causeth one to vomit or cast vp very easily The leaues thereof boyled with Muscles and dronken do soften the belly and prouoke vrine The decoctiō of the leaues of al the kinds of Nettels dronken with Myrrhe prouoketh the Menstruall floures And so doth nettle seede dronken with sweete wine The iuyce of the leaues gargarised helpeth much against the falling downe of the Vuula and the inflammation of the same The leaues of Nettels pound with salt are good to be layde to the bitings of madde Dogges virulent and malignant vlcers as Cankers and suche like corrupt and stinking vlcers or sores and vpon all harde swellings impostumes and botches behinde the eares The same mengled with oyle and waxe and layde to the hardnesse of the Metle or Spleene cureth the same The same pound and layde to the Nose and forehead stoppeth the bleeding of the nose and put into the nose causeth the same to bleede Nettell leaues pounde with Myrrhe and reduced to the order of a Pessarie whiche is a mother suppositorie and put into the Matrix prouoketh the floures Of Archangell / or Dead Nettel Chap. lxxxviij †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Dead Nettel The one which sauoreth or smelleth but little the other whiche hath a strong stinking sauour otherwise there is but small difference betwixt the one the other and the first kinde of these herbes is of three sortes the one with white floures the second with yellow floures and the third with reddissh floures Also the second kinde is of two sortes and differeth but onely in the colour of the floure ⧠The Description The first kinde of Dead nettels is not much vnlike the stinging or burning Nettels his leaues belong and dented round about like to the other nettel leaues sauing they be whiter and they styng not The stalke is square roūd about the which groweth white yellow or red floures betwixt the leaues and the stemme fasshioned like to a hoode or open helmet The roote hath threedy strings The second kinde which is the stincking Dead nettell is like to the other like the common nettell sauing that his leaues be smaller somewhat rounder All the herbe is of a very euill strong stincking sauour The floures of one kinde are pale and the floures of the other kinde are of a browne redde colour smaller than the floures of the first Dead nettell †The Place Dead nettell groweth euery where about hedges quicke settes and wayes and also in gardens †The Tyme The Dead nettell floureth the most part of all the Somer from May forwarde †The Names Plinie calleth the Dead nettell in Latine Lamium Dead Nettell or Archangel Lamium and Anonium or Aononium at this present it is called Vrtica iners or Vrtica mortua in Italian Ortica morte and Ortica faetida in Spanish Ortiga muerta in English Dead nettell Blinde nettell and Archangel in French Ortie morte in high Douch Todtnessel Taubnessel in base Almaigne Dooue and Doode Netelen †The Nature The dead Nettell is of temperament like to the other Nettels †The Vertues Dead Nettell pounde or brused with salte doth dissolue and cure harde wennes botches and impostems being layde therevpon and in vertue is very like the other nettels Of Motherworte Chap. lxxxix †The Description MOtherworte hath square browne stalkes the leaues be of swarte greene colour large and deepely gayssht or cut almost like to Nettell or Horehound leaues but a great deale larger blacker and more deepely cut somewhat approching towards the proportiō of the Oke leaues The floures grow like garlandes or Cronets rounde about the stalke like the floures of Horehound of purple colour not much differing frō the floures of Dead Nettell sauing they be smaller after the floures commeth the seede which is smal browne conteyned in littell prickley huskes The roote is small diuided into many small threedy partes †The Place It delighteth to grow in rough vntilled vneuen places about old walles wayes †The Tyme Motherworte floureth in Iune Iuly and August within whiche time the seede is also ripe Cardiaca †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine of suche as haue pleasure in herbes Cardiaca in English Motherwort in Frēch Agripaulme in high Douch Hertszgspan and Hertszgsper in base Almaigne Hertzgespan This is a kinde of the three herbes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sideritides of some Heracleae And it is the first kinde of the sayde herbes Therefore it may be well called in Latine Sideritis prima Whereof we shall write againe in our second Booke in the Chapter of Horehounde The herbe which Matthiolus setteth forth for the Sideritis prima is a kind of Horchounde and is called in this countrey Marrubium palustre that is to say Marrish or water Horehound †The Nature Motherworte is of a temperate heate and yet not without bitternesse and therfore it is also abstersiue or clensing †The Vertues Motherworte brused and layde vpō woundes keepeth them both from inflammation and apostumatiō or swelling it stoppeth the bloud and doth close cure and heale the same Of Bugle / and Prunell Chap. xc †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Prunell The first is called Bugle And the second reteyneth still the name of Prunell Bugula Bugle
sorte of Violets whereof we shal intreate in the next Chapter following But if we ought to call these Violets by the aforesayde name the name will best agree with the small Castell Gilofer The greater sorte is called in English Garnesie Violets white Gilofer Stocke Gilofer Castell Gilofer the smaller kinde may be so called also The greater sorte is called in base Almaigne Stock Vilieren and the smaller sorte is also called of them Heeten Vilieren †The Temperament These Violets are hoate and dry of nature somwhat like to Walfloures ⧠The Vertues The floures of stocke Gillofers boyled in water dronken is good against the difficultie of breathing and the cough These Violets do likewise prouoke the floures and vryne and do cause to sweate if one do sitte ouer a bathe or stewe full of the decoction thereof To conclude they are of nature very like to the yellow or Walgilofer The whiche yet notwithstanding is in all respectes better fitter in Medicine than the stocke Gilofers Of Dames violets / or Gilofloures Chap. v. †The Description DAmes Gillofers hath greate large leaues of a browne greene colour somwhat snipt or dented rounde aboute the edges Amongst the whiche springeth vp a stemme beset with the like leaues full of branches whiche beareth sweete and pleasant floures at the toppe in proportion like to the Gillofers aforesayde most commonly of a white colour sometimes carnation and somtimes reddish afterwardes cōme vp long rounde coddes or huskes in whiche the seede is conteyned Of this kinde of Damaske Violets or Gillofloures are they also which ar now called Dētarias wherof there be ij sortes The first hath fiue leaues or moe like hempe growing vpon one litle stem the stalkes be smal and short not much aboue the heigth of nine inches vpon thē grow smal floures of a violet colour in proportion like to Garnesee violets or Dames Gillofloures after them comme huskes seede like to them The rootes be somewhat thicke vneuen and as they were couered with certayne scales Violae Matronales The other his leaues grow alongst the little stalkes are spread abroade like to the leaues of the Aishe or Walnut trees sauing they be smaller The floures be almost white the huskes or cods are like to the huskes of garnesey violets the rootes be rough vneuen much like to the rootes of the first kind †The Place The violets or Gillofers are very common almost in all gardens †The Tyme They floure in May and oftentimes else whiles Somer lasteth †The Names These floures be now called in Latine Violae Matronales in English Damaske violets Dames violets or Gillofers and Rogues gillofers in French Violettes de Dames in high Douch Winter violen wherefore some do also call them in Latine Hyberna viola or Viola hyemalis in base Almaigne Mastbloemen and after the Latine name they call it Ionefrouwen vilieren whiche may be Englished Dames violets The other kinde is knowen by the name of Dentarie and is not otherwise knowen to vs. †The Temperament and Vertues These floures are not vsed in medicine therefore their temperature and naturall operation is yet vnknowen Of Bolbanac / or strange Violets Chap. vi ⧠The Description BOlbanac hath hard round stēs full of branches his leaues be great large dented or tothed of a brownegreene colour and snipt or dented about the edges not much vnlike the leaues of the Fylberte or Hassel tree The floures be like to the floures of Damaske violets of a pale purple colour the whiche being vanisshed there commeth vp white huskes which be flat rounde and very large of the quantitie of a groote or Testerne wherein is conteyned a browne seede after the fasshion of the Moone the whiche may be seene thorough the thinne huskes or skinne of the Codde The roote is white a litle thicke and somwhat knottie or knobbie which after that it hath borne sede perissheth Yet there is founde a certayne kinde whose roote dieth not yearely and that kinde both in his leaues broad huskes is smaller than the abouesayde Viola Latifolia †The Place This herbe is founde sowen in certayne gardens of this countrey †The Tyme Bolbonac floureth in Aprill and May the next yeare after the sowing †The Names Forasmuch as these floures are somewhat like vnto violets therefore they are now placed amongst the kindes of Violets and are called in Latine Violae Latifoliae of some Violae peregrinę For vnder the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke and Viola in Latine are commonly comprehended all sortes of floures whiche be any thing like vnto Violets The Herboristes and certayne Apothecaries do call this herbe by a certayne barbarous and strange name Bolbonac the Brabanders or base Almaignes do call it Penninckbloemen that is to say Penny floure or mony floure and they call it also Paeschbloemen The Auncients did account it for a kinde of Thlaspie especially for that kinde descrybed by Crateuas whiche some do call Sinapi Persicum and of Dioscorides Thlaspie Crateuae †The Temperament and Vertues The seede of this herbe is sharpe and biteth the tongue and of a drying qualitie and therefore is in vertue like the other Thlaspi Of Gillofers Chap. vij †The Kyndes VNder the name of Gillofers at this time diuerse sortes of floures are contayned Wherof they call the first the Cloue gillofer whiche in deede is of Diuerse sortes variable colours the other is the small or single Gillofer his kinde The third is that which we cal in English sweete Williams Colminiers wherevnto we may well ioyne the wilde Gillofer or Cockow floure which is not much vnlike the smaller sort of garden Gillofers Vetonica altilis Carnations and the double-cloaue Gillofers Vetonica altilis minor The single Gillofers Soppes in wine and Pinkes c. †The Description The Cloue gillofer hath long small blades almost like Leeke blades The stalke is round and of a foote and halfe long full of ioyntes and knops it beareth two leaues at euery ioynt or knot The floures grow at the top of the stalkes or stemmes out of long round smooth huskes and dented or toothed aboue like the spice called cloaues or like to a littell crownet out of the whiche the small feathered leaues do grow rounde about spread in compasse whereof some be of colour white some carnation or of a liuely flesshe colour some be of a cleare or bright redde some of a darke or deepe redde and some speckled and do all smell almost like Cloues Whan the floures be past there groweth in the sayde round cuppes or huskes other long poynted huskes like barlie cornes in which the small blacke seede is inclosed Armerius flos primus Sweete Williams Armerius flos tertius Vetonica syluestris Wilde Williams or Cockow Gillofers The Pynkes and small feathered Gillofers are like to the double or cloaue Gillofers in leaues stalkes floures sauing they be single and a great deale smaller
The leaues be long narrow almost like grasse the smal stemmes are slender and knottie vpon whiche growe the sweete smelling floures like to the Gillofers aforesayde sauing eache floure is single with fiue or sixe small leaues deepe and finely snipt or frenged like to small feathers of white redde and carnation colour after whiche floures there groweth also in the rounde huskes other sharpe huskes or as it were long pellottes in the which the seede is conteyned The first sweete William or Colmenier which is now called in Latine Armerius flos is also somwhat like to the cloaue Gillofers their leaues be narrow their stalkes ioyntie their floures small like to littell Gillofers growing three or foure togither at the toppe of the stalkes somtimes nine or tenne togither like to a nosegay or small bundell of floures of colour sometimes red and sometimes spotted with white and somtimes but very seldom all white There is an other kind of Armeriorum whose leaues be broade almost like the leaues of floure Constantinople The stalkes of this kinde with the nuÌ„ber of small floures growing togither which are of colour redde and white speckled or sprinckled with small spots are very like vnto the aforesayde Armerijs There is also a certaine thirde kinde Armeriorum with thinne whitishe or faynte greene leaues and slender smooth knottie stalkes whiche in handling seemeth to be somwhat fatte or clammy in the toppe of the sayde stalkes grow small floures clustering or growing rounde togither of a fayre wasshed purple redde colour after them commeth narrow seede vessels or small huskes like as in the other Gillofers wherein the seede is conteyned The wilde Gillofers are somewhat like to Armeria or Colmeniers they haue also small knottie stalkes narrow leaues but yet they be larger shorter a great deale whiter greene than the leaues of the gillofers or Pinkes The floures be most coÌ„monly redde somtimes also white deepely cut or iagged almost like to white Pinkes or Soppes in wine but without sauour The floures gone the seede growth in long huskes like to Pynkes or feathered Gillofers †The Place The Cloaue gillofers and the smaller or single Gillofers with the sweete Williams and Colmeniers are set and planted in the gardens of this countrie The wilde Williams or Cockow gillofers do grow of them selues in all medowes and moyst grassie places The other kinde of Armerius groweth in Germanie in certaine rough hillie places that stande open against the Sunne In Flaunders also there is sometimes found a certaine wilde floure like to the Gillofers and Armerijs sauing it is very small ⧠The Tyme All these sortes of floures do most commonly floure all the somer time from after May vntill September †The Names The two first sortes are now called flores Garyophyllis of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine VetionicÄ™ some iudge them to be Cantabricam whereof Plinie writâ—… in the .xxv. Booke Whereof the first is also called Ocellum Ocellum Damascenum Ocellum Barbaricum of some it is called Vetonicam altilem VetonicaÌ„ Coronariam in English garden Gillofers Cloaue gillofers and the greatest brauest sorte of them are called Coronations or Cornations in Italian Garofoli in high Douch Graszblumen Negelblumen and Neglin in base Almaigne Ginoffelen in French Gyrofflees and Oeilletz or Oilletz The second sorte is also of the kinde of Vetonicarum or gillofers and may well be called Vetonica altilis or Vetonica Coronaria minor in English single Gillofers wherof be diuers sortes great small as diuers in colours as the first kindes are called in Englishe by diuers names as Pynkes Soppes in wine feáthered Gillofers small Honesties they are called in high Douche Mutwille of some Hochmut accordingly they be called in Latine Superba that is to say Gallant prowde gloriouse in base Almaigne Pluymkens and cleyn Ginoffelen some call them also in French des Armoiries or des Barberies That sorte which are called in English sweete Williams are counted also to be of the kindes of the garden or Cloue gillofers called in Latine Vetonica or Cantabrica but now they be called in Latine Flores Armerij yet some esteeme them to be a certayne kinde of HerbÄ™ tunicÄ™ the Germaynes call them Donderneglin Feldtneglin Heidenblumen and Blutsyropfle in base Almaigne Keykens of the Frenchmen des Armoires There is a kinde of this herbe which is common in the countrey gardens and they call it Colmeniers The fourth is a kinde of wilde Vetonica and therefore it is called Vetonica syluestris in English wilde Williams Marshe gillofers or Cockow gillofers in high Douche Gauchblum in Brabant Crayebloemkens and Coeckcoeckbloemkens it may be called also in Latine Armoraria syluestris vel pratensis or Flos Cuculi and in French des Barbaries sauuages †The Nature For the most parte all these kindes of floures with their leaues and rootes are temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues The Conserue of the floures of the first kinde made with Sugar comforteth the harte the vse thereof is good against hoate Feuers the Pestilence Of floure Constantinople Chap. viij †The Description THe floure Constantinople hath two three or foure long holow and vpright stemmes full of knees or ioyntes with a certaine roughnesse At euery ioynt groweth two leaues which be somwhat long and large and of a browne greene colour the floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many clustering togither after the manner of Tol-me-neers or sweete Williams but somewhat larger of the colour of Red-lead or lyke to the colour of the Orenge pill that is throughly ripe The floures be very pleasant and delectable to looke on but they are without any pleasant sente or sauour The leaues and stalkes be somewhat rough The roote is whyte and diuided into diuers other long and slender rootes in taste somewhat sharpe †The Place The Herboristes and suche as haue pleasure in the straÌ„ge varietie of floures do plant these in theyr gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do florisshe from Midsomer vntill it be almost winter Flos Constantinopolitanus †The Names This pleasant floure is called of the Herboristes Flos Constantinopolitanus that is to say Floure Constantinople †The Nature The roote of this herb is hoate dry as it doth manifestly appeare by the tast Of hose Campion Chap. ix †The Description ROse Campion his stalkes be round woolly and knotty hauing at euery knot or ioynt a couple of long softe woollie leaues like that leaues of Molin or higtaper but much smaller narrower The floures growe at the top of the stalkes out of long crested huskes whereof some be of an excellent shining or Orient redde some be white The single floures are parted into fiue or sixe leaues with little sharpe poynts in the middell of the floures wherevnto the smaller endes of the little leaues of the sayde floures are ioyned Whan the floures are perisshed there groweth within the
playted or crested huskes other coddes or huskes whiche be somewhat long and round wherein the seede whiche is blacke is conteyned The roote is long and small †The Place These floures are planted in the gardens of this countrie †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August Lychnis satiua †The Names These kinde of floures are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis coronaria and Lychnis satiua of some Athanatos and Acydonium of Plinie Iouis flos in English Rose Campion in French Oeillets Oeillets Dieu in high Douch Margenrosrlin Marien rosen and accordingly they are now called in Latine Rosa mariana in base Almaigne they are most commonly called Christus ooghen †The Nature The floures are hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede with the floure or either of them alone dronken are good against the stinging of Scorpions Of wilde Campion Chap. x. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of these floures that is to say a white and a redde whereof the white kinde is the greater and of a larger grothe The redde is smaller and lesse ⧠The Description THe wilde white Campion hath a rough white stemme The leaues be white cottony much like to the leaues of Campions sauing that the stalkes be slenderer and the leaues narrower and not so white The floures growe out of a rough huske greater then the huske of the garden Rose Campion and the proportion of the floure is muche like to the same but more indented aboute the edges and without any sharpe poynted peake in the middell the floures being vanisshed there commeth after them rounde bollettes or pellets in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is ordinarily of the length of a foote and halfe and as thicke as a finger Lychnis syluestris alba The white wilde Campion Lychnis syluestris purpurea The purple wilde Campion The redde wilde Campions are in all things like to the white sauing that they grow not so high and their roote is not so long but is for the moste parte shorter and hearie The floures be redde and in proportion like to the other †The Place These floures grow in vntilled groūdes in the borders of fieldes alongst the wayes some also vse to set them in gardens and it commeth to passe that by often setting they waxe very double †The Tyme They floure most commonly from May vntill the ende of Somer †The Names The wilde Campions are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis syluestris of some Tragonatum Hieracopodium or Lampada in the Shoppes of this countrie Saponaria howbeit this is not the right Saponaria in English wilde Campion or wilde rose Campion and of some Crowesope in high Douch Lydweyck wilde Margenroszlin and in some places widerstosz in Brabant Iennettekens †The Nature These floures with their plante are in temperament like to garden rose Campions †The Vertues The seede and floures with the whole herbe of the wilde Campions are very good against the stinging of Scorpions in somuch that their vertue is so great in this behalfe that this herbe onely throwen before the Scorpions taketh away their power to do harme The seede taken in quantitie of two Drammes purgeth downewarde the hoate and cholerique humors Of Cockle / or fielde Nigella Chap. xi ⧠The Description COckle or fielde Nigelweede hath straight slender hearie stemmes the leaues be also long narrow hearie grayish The floures be of a browne purple colour changing towardes red diuided into fiue small leaues not much varying from the proportion of the wilde Campions after the which there groweth rounde bolleyns or cups wherein is cōteyned plenty of seede of a broune or russet colour †The Place These floures grow in the fieldes amongst the Wheate Rye and Barley †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly †The Names This floure is now called amongst the learned mē Githago or Nigellastrum or Pseudolanthium of some flos Micancalus as Ruellius writeth in English field Nigella or Cockle in high Douch Raden Groszraden and Kornrosz in Brabant Corenroosen and Negelbloemen in French Nielle Anthemon †The Temperament and Vertues The vertues temperament of this herbe are not yet knowē bicause it is not in vse sauing of certayne fonde people whiche do vse it in the steede of Yuray or Darnell or for the right Nigella to the great daunger and perill of the sicke people Of Blew Gottell / or Cornefloure Chap. xij ⧠The Description CYanus hath a crested stalke vpon the whiche growe narrowe sharpe poynted grayishe leaues whiche haue certayne natches or cuts about the edges sharpe corners like teeth About the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small round buttons whiche be rough scalie out of the whiche grow pleasant floures of fiue or sixe small iagged leaues most commonly blew especially the wilde kinde Sometimes also those that grow in gardens do beare grayish purple crimsen and white floures the whiche being vanisshed there groweth within the scalye huskes heades certayne long seede whiche is inclosed in a hearie downe or Cotton There is also in certayne gardens an other kynde of Cyanus whose floures be lyke to the aforesayde it hath greate broade leaues larger than the leaues of the garden Rose Campion the whiche bee also softe and woolly lyke the leaues of Mullen The floures of this hearbe are lyke to Cyanus Corne floure Cyanus maior Great Corne floure the other Cyanus floures both in his Scaly knopped buttons as also in his iagged or frenged leaues seede but a great deale larger and of colour blew in the middle turning somwhat towards redde or purple The roote is of long continuance and sendeth forth new stemmes and springs yearely †The Place Cyanus or Blew bottell groweth in the fieldes amongst the wheate but specially amongst Rie Those which haue the white and purple floures and the great Cyanus are sowen and planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do flowrish from May vntill August †The Names This floure is called of Plinie in Latine Flos Cyanus of some later wryters Baptisecula or Blaptisecula in Italian Fior Campesi in English of Turner Blewbottell and Blewblaw it may also be called Hurte Sicle and Cornefloure in French Aubifoines Bleuets Perceles and Blaucoles in high Douch Kornblumen in Brabant Corenbloemen and Roghbloemen The second kinde is called Cyanus maior and is counted of the learned for a kinde of Verbascum and therefore they call it Thryallis and Lychnitis in high Douch it is called Waldt kornblumen and in Brabant groote Corenbloemen we may also call it in English great Cornefloure and wilde Cornefloure †The Temperament Cyanus or Blewblaw is colde and dry †The Vertues This Cornefloure brused or pound is profitably layde vnto the rednesse the inflammation and running of the eyes or to any kinde of Phlegmon or hoate tumor about the eyes The distilled water of Cyanus cureth the rednesse and payne of the
eyes whan it is either dropped into the eyes or else that the eyes be wasshed therewithall Of Marygolds Chap. xiij †The Description THe Marygolde hath three or foure stalkes of a foote and a half long set with leaues somewhat long large and of a white greene colour at the toppe of the stalkes growe pleasant bright shining yellow floures somewhat strong in sauour the whiche do close at the setting downe of the Sunne and do spread and open againe at the Sunne rising Each floure hath in the middest thereof a yellow or browne crowne like to a shauen Crowne about the circuyt or compasse wherof there are set many littell small yellow leaues Whan the floures are vanisshed there groweth in the places from whence they fell certayne round knops like vnto great buttons cōpact of many crooked seedes growing togither into a knop like a button each seede alone is croked like to a halfe Circle or the new Moone The roote is white and threddy †The Place These floures do grow in euery garden where as they are sowē and they do yearly spring vp a new of the fallen seede Calendula ⧠The Tyme They floure almost euery moneth in the yeare but especially from May vntill winter †The Names They be now called in Latine Calendula and of some Caltha and Calthula in English Marygoldes and Ruddes in Italian Fior rancio in French du Soucy and Sousie in high Douch Ringelblumen in base Almaigne Goutbloemen Pena calleth it in Latine Caltha poetarum and Chrysanthemon †The Nature The Marygolde in complexion is hoate and dry †The Vertues The floures by them selues or togither with their plante boyled in wine dronken prouoketh the Menstruall fluxe The same with their herbe dryed and strowed vpon quicke coles draweth forth the secondyne or afterbirth with the dead childe the fume thereof being receyued at the conuenient place The distilled water of Marygoldes put into the eyes cureth the rednesse and inflammation of the same The conserue that is made of the floures of Marygoldes taken in the morning fasting cureth the trembling and shaking of the harte it is also good to be vsed against the Plague and corruption of the ayre Of Horse floure / or Cowe wheate Chap. xiiij †The Description HOrse floure hath a straight stemme of a foote long with three or foure branches by the sides couered with long narrow leaues at the toppe of the braunches growe fayre spiked eares full of floures and small leaues deepely cut and iagged in proportion not much vnlike to a Foxetayle This eare beginneth to floure below so it goeth flouring by little and littell vpward Before the opening of the floures the small leaues buddes of the floures are all of a fayre blewish purple colour and immediatly after the opening of the floures they are of a yellow colour mixed with purple and after the falling away of the floures those small purple leaues do also loose their colour and waxe greene and in steede of the floures there commeth broade huskes wherein commonly are inclosed two seedes not much vnlike vnto wheate cornes but a great deale smaller and browner The roote is slender and of woody substance †The Place This plant groweth amongst wheate and Spelt in good frutefull groundes †The Tyme Melampyrum floureth in Iune and somtimes in Iuly Melampyrum Triticum vaccinum †The Names They call this herbe now in Latine Triticum vaccinum or Triticum bouinum that is to say Cow wheate or Oxe wheate in French Bled noir ▪ that is to say Blacke wheate or Corne in high Douch Kuweyssen and of some Braun fleischblumen in Brabant Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse floure And it should seeme to be that vnprofitable herbe wherof Theophrastus writeth in his viij booke Chap .v. And Galen Primo de alimentorum facultatibus Cap. vltimo called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melampyrum which as they do write is but a weede or vnprofitable plante growing amongst wheate and so called bycause of the seede whiche is blacke and proportioned like wheate Yet this is not the Melampyrum of Dioscorides the whiche also is called Myagrion †The Nature Horse floure or Blacke wheate especially the grayne or feede is hoate and rayseth vp fumes †The Vertues The seede of this herbe taken in meate or drinke troubleth the braynes causing headache and dronkennesse yet not so much as Yuray or Darnell Vaccis pabulo grata inuocua Of Zarckes spurre Chap. xv †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Consolida regalis whereof one kinde groweth in gardens and the other is wilde Delphinium Garden Larkes spurre Bucinum Wilde Larkes spurre ⧠The Description THe garden Larkes spurre hath a round straight stem full of branches fet with tender leaues all iagged and cut very small or frenged much like to the leaues of the smaller Southrenwood The floures grow alongst the stalkes at the toppe of the branches and are compacte of fiue littell leaues growing togither somewhat like to the March violet sauing that one of the leaues of this floure is long and hollow hauing behind it a croked spurre or tayle turning like the floure of wilde Lyn or Toode flaxe These floures are of colour sometimes purple blewe sometimes white and sometimes Carnation after the falling of of these floures there commeth vp long roddes wherein is conteyned browne seede The wilde Larkes spurre is lyke the other but a great deale smaller in his stalkes and leaues and in length shorter These floures are like to the about-sayde but they be much smaller and grow not so well togither of a fayre purple blew colour like vnto Violets and after them also commeth vp coddes wherein the seede is contayned †The Place The garden Larkes spurre is sowen in this coūtrie in the gardens of Herboristes The wilde groweth amongst corne in fertill countries †The Tyme The garden Larkes spurre floureth all the Somerlong The wilde floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The garden Larkes spurre is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Delphinium of some late wryters Flos regius or Flos equestris Also Calcatrippa in Italian Sperone de Caualliere The wilde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delphinum alterum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bucinum it is now called in Latine Cōsolidaregia aut regalis in English Kings Confounde wilde Larkes spurre or Larckes Claw in French Consoulde royale and Pied d'alouette in high Douch Rittersporn and according to the same in base Almaigne Riddersporen that is to say Knightes spurre †The Nature Larkes Claw in complexion is temperately warme †The Vertues The seede of the garden Larckes spurre dronken is very good agaynst the stinging of Scorpions in deede his vertue is so great against their poyson that the only herbe throwen before the Scorpions doth cause them to be without force or power to do hurte so that they may not moue or sturre vntill this herbe
be taken from them The seede of wilde Larkes spurre is of vertue like to the garden Larke spurre but not so strong Of Columbyne Chap. xvi †The Description COlumbyne hath great broade leaues with ij or iij. deepe cuts or gasshes in the leaues like to the leaues of the great Celondyne but whiter in some kindes of a darke sage colour but of no strong sent or sauour neither yelding forth any such yellow iuyce sappe or liquor whan it is brokē or brused as the Celondyne doth The stalkes be round playne or smoth of ij or iij. foote long vpon which growe the floures cōpact of two kindes of little leaues wherof one sorte are small narrow the others growing with them ar hollow with a long croked tayle like larkes Claw bending somwhat towards the proportiō of the necke of a Culuer The floures are somtimes single somtimes dubble of colour somtimes blew somtimes white sometimes skie colour somtimes red somtimes speckled intermēgled with blew white After the vanisshing of the sayde floures there commeth foorth iiij or fiue sharpe huskes or cods growing ioyntly togither wherein is cōteyned a blacke shining seede Aquilegia †The Place They sowe and plante them here in gardens and they do also grow in high woodes and rockes but not in this countrie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune †The Names This floure is now called in Latine Aquilegia or Aquileia and of the later writers Columbina vnknowen of the Auncients howbeit some-late wryters make a question whether it he Ponthos Theophrasti siue Desiderium after the interpretation of Gaza it is called in English Columbine of the shape proportion of the leaues of the floures whiche do seeme to expresse the figure of a Doue or Culuer in French Ancoly in high Douch Agley and Ageley in base Almaigne Akeley †The Nature Columbine is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues This floure as Ruellius writeth is not vsed in Medicine howbeit some of the new wryters do affirme it to be good against the Iaundice and sounding and it openeth the wayes of the Liuer and the people vse it against the inflammation and sores of the iawes and windepipe These floures mengled with wheaten meale make a good playster against scratches and gaules Of Goates bearde / or Iosephs floure Chap. xvii Barba hirci Scurzonera †The Description GOates Bearde hath a round straight knottie stem couered with long narrow leaues almost like to Garlycke leaues At the toppe of the stemmes it beareth fayre double floures and full of colour sometimes blewishe purple with golden threedes in the middell and sometimes yellow the whiche in the morning at Sunne rising do open and spreade abroade and do turne bende towards the Sunne and do close agayne and go togither at noone After the vanisshing of whiche floures out of the knoppes or heades from whence the floures are fallen there groweth a certayne long seede with a hearie tufte at the toppe And whan this seede is ripe his knoppie head openeth and is changed or turned into a rounde hearie baule lyke to the heads of Dantedelyon which fleeth away with the winde The roote is long and as thicke as a finger in taste sweete The whole herbe with his stemmes leaues floures and roote is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth forth whan the plante is broken or brused The Spaniardes Scurzonera seemeth also to be a kinde of Tragoponon or Buckes bearde it hath long broade leaues and somewhat thicke and vneuen aboute the borders or edges a slender stemme parted into diuers branches whereon groweth floures very like to the floures of Tragopogon and of a yellow colour the roote is long and thicke and white within and couered with a thinne blacke barke or rinde †The Place Goates Bearde groweth in certayne medowes it is also planted in gardens for the beawtie of his floures Scurzonera groweth in Spayne vpon diuers shadowie mountaynes and in moyst watery places it is also often founde in Thoringia a countrie of Germanie †The Tyme The floures of bothe these kindes of Plantes come foorth in May and Iune †The Names This hearbe is now called in Latine Barba hirci and is taken for the herbe whiche the Auncients called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Barbula hirci and Coma in English Goates bearde Iosephs floure Starre of Hierusalem and Go to bedde at Noone in French Barbe de bouq and Barbe de Prestre in high Douch Bocksbart Gauchbroot in base Almaigne Bocxbaert and Iosephs Bloemen The Spaniardes call the other Scurzoneram whiche is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Echium in Greeke and in Latine Viperinam †The Nature Goates bearde is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Goates bearde boyled in water dronken swageth paynes and cureth the prickings and empostems of the side The sayde roote also is very good to be vsed in meates and Salades to be taken as the rootes of Rampions Scurzonera is thought to be maruelous good against the bytings of Vipers and Snakes and other venemous beastes Of floure Gentill / or purple Veluer floure Cap. xviij ⧠The Description FLoure Gentill hath rounde stalkes full of branches the leaues be long and large somewhat like the leaues of Pettie Morrell or Night shade but much greater amongst that which groweth alongst the branches fayre long spiked eares or floures of Crimsen purple colour softe and gentill in handling lyke Crymson veluet the whiche dothe not lightly fade or decay but may be preserued and kept a long time in theyr colour and beautie especially if they be dryed in an ouen that is halfe hoate The seede groweth in the spikie tuftes or eares and is small and all blacke There is an other kinde altogither like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues seede and roote sauing that his eares or spikie tuftes are not fasshioned like the others but are larger and not so thicke set and do bende bowe downe againe at the toppe lyke feathers so that it maketh a gallant shew and doth also keepe his Crymson colour like to the other There is yet a third kynde like to the others but it groweth to the heigth of nine or ten foote All his leaues are much larger his stalkes are thicker and harder and straked or crested with ribbes standing foorth his spikie tuftes or earie floures are greater longer and fuller but not of so fayre a colour or pleasant hew for it fadeth incontinent and turneth into a greenish herbelike colour as soone as it is gathered Amaranthus purpureus †The Place These kindes of herbes grow not in this countrey except they be sowen or planted in gardens The wemen of Italie make great accoumpt of the second kinde bycause of his pleasant beautie so that ye shall not lightly come into any garden there that hath not this herbe in it †The Tyme They bring forth their floures
that Monophillon were a kinde of Lylie Conuall it hath a leafe not much vnlike the greatest leaues of Iuie with many ribbes or sinewes alongst the same like to a Plantayne leafe the whiche one leafe or single leafe doth alwayes spring vp out of the grounde alone sauing whan the herbe is in floure and seede for than it bareth two leaues vpon a rounde tender stalke like to the other but smaller standing one aboue an other aboue the sayde leaues groweth the small white floures like to Lylie Conuall but not of so strong a sauour after whiche there riseth small bearies or rounde frute whiche is white at the firste and afterward redde The roote is very slender and creepeth in the grounde †The Place Lyllie Conuall and Monophillon growth in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme They do both floure in May. Lilium Conuallium Lillie Conuall Vnifolium Monophillon †The Names Lyllie Conuall is now called in Latine Lilium conuallium that is to say the Lyllie of the vallie in English Lyllie conuall May blossoms May lyllies Lyryconfancy in Frēch Grand Muguet in high Douch Meyenblumlin in base Almaigne Meybloemkens Monophillon is now called in Latine Vnifolium it may be also called in English one Leafe one Blade or Singleleafe in high Douch Einblat and in base Almaigne Eenbladt and it should seeme to be a kinde of Lillie conuall seing that it is so well like vnto it in floures and seede †The Nature They be in complexion hoate and dry like the Lillies †The Vertues They write that the water of the floures of Lyllie conuall distilled with good strong wine and dronken in the quantitie of a sponefull restoreth speach to them that are fallen into the Apoplexie that it is good for them that haue the Paulsie and the Goute and it comforteth the Harte The same water as they say doth strengthen the Memorie and restoreth it agayne to his naturall vigor whan thorough sicknesse it is diminished Besides this they say also that it is good to be dropped in against the inflāmation and watering of the eyes The roote of Monophillon is counted of some late writers for a soueraigne and speciall remedie against the Pestilence and alpoyson whan the weighte of halfe a Dragme of the pouder of the sayde roote is giuen in vineger or good wine or in both mixte togither according to the nature or complexion of the sicke so that vpon the receyte thereof they go to bedde and sweate well Monophillon is good to be layde with his roote vnto greene woundes to preserue them from inflammation and Apostumation Of Calfes snowte / or Snap Dragon Chap. xxvij †The Kindes THere are in this countrie two sortes of this herbe the one great and the other small The great hath brode leaues and it is the true Antirrhinum of Dioscorides The smaller kinde hath long narrow leaues Antirrhinon The great snap Dragon or Calues snowte Orontium Small Calues snowte ⧠The Description THe great Antirrhinon hath straight round stemmes full of branches the leaues be of a darke greene somewhat long and broade not muche vnlike the leaues of Anagallis or Punpernell alwayes two leaues growing one against an other like the leaues of Anagallis There groweth at the top of the stalke alongst the brāches certayne floures one aboue an other somwhat long and broade before after the fasshion of a frogs mouth not muche vnlike the floures of Tode flaxe but muche larger and without tayles of a faint yellowissh colour After them comme long round huskes the foremost part whereof are somwhat like to a Calfes snowte or Moosell wherin the seede is conteyned There is also an other kinde of great Antirrhinum whose leaues belong narrow almost like to the leaues of Tode flaxe whiche beareth sometimes a redde floure sometimes a faynt redde and sometimes a white floure else in all things like to the aboue saide The small Antirrhinum his stalkes be small and tender not very full of branches his leaues be long and narrow betwixte whiche and the stalkes growe the small red floures like to the aforesayde floures but a great deale smaller Whan they are past there riseth vp small rounde heades or knappes with little hooles in them like to a dead scull within whiche is conteyned smal seede †The Place The first and great Antirrhinum groweth not in this countrey but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes where as it is sowen The second groweth in some fieldes of this countrie by high wayes and vnder hedges †The Tyme The great Antirrhinum floureth in August and Iuly The small Antirrhinum beareth floures in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Antirrhinum and Syluestris Anagallis in English Calfes snowte and Snapdragon in French Grand Antirrhinum and Moron violet in Douch Orant and of some Calfs nuese The second kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orontium in English small Snapdragon or Calfs snowte in French Petit Antirrhinum in Douch cleyne Orant of this kinde Galen hath made mention in lib 9. de Medicamentis secundùm loca amongst the Medicines whiche Archigenes made for them that haue the Iaunders And it seemeth to be the Phyteuma of Dioscorides called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature The great Antirrhinum is hoate and of like nature and complexion vnto Aster Atticus called in English Sharewurte as Galen wryteth The small is hoate and dry and of suttell partes †The Vertues Some haue writen that who so carrieth about him the great Antirrhinum cannot take harme or be hurte with any venim or poyson whatsoeuer The small Antirrhinum doth scatter away and consume the yellow colour of the bodie whiche remayneth after one hath had the Iaundice if one be well wasshed with the decoction thereof Of water lyllie Chap. xxviij †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of water Lyllies that is to say the yellow the white not onely differing in floure but also in roote †The Description THe white water Lillie hath great broade roundishe leaues sometimes fleeting or swimming aboue the water and somtimes vnder the which all do spring vp from the roote vpon long rounde smooth stalkes The floures do also growe vpon suche like stemmes comming from the roote and they haue in the middle many yellow threedes or thrommes compassed round about with xxvj or xxviij white leaues set in very good order each leaf almost as large as ones finger or like in proportiō to the leaues of Houselike or Sengreene Whan the floures be past there cōme in their steede rounde knoppes or bolliens wherin the seede lieth which is large and swarte The roote is blacke and rough sometimes of the bignesse of ones arme with many threedy strings The yellow water Lyllie his leaues be very muche like to the white his floures be yellow and smaller then the floures of the white the whiche being fallen there
by this one may know and vnderstand how one kind of herbe may often change his shape and proportiō according to the nature of the soyle or place where it groweth as first of all we may learne by this herbe the which in some places hath not his leaues so much clouen and iagged and therefore it approcheth not so neare to the description of Dioscorides his Chrysanthemum as it doth whan it groweth in some other places whereas it beareth leaues very much clouen and iagged and than it is agreable in all respects to the true description of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemon †The Place This herbe groweth amongst the Corne and in householde gardens amongst other herbes and by the high way sides †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and from thence forth almost vntill winter †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chrysanthemum that is to say Goldenfloure Caltha and of some Buphthalmum in Italian Chrispula herba in Spanish Mequeres amarillo in French Camomille Saffranée in high Douch S. Iohans blum Gensblum in base Almaigne Vokelaer geel Gansebloemen Hontsroosen vnknowen in shoppes as many other good herbes be †The Nature This herbe is hoate and dry not much differing from Camomill †The Vertues Chrysanthemum boyled in wine cureth the Iaunders restoreth good colour whan one doth drinke it after that he hath bene often long in the bath The seede of the same dronken in wine by it selfe or pound with his floures doth also cure the Iaunders as the later writers haue proued The floures of this herbe pound with oyle and waxe and applied in maner of a playster dissolueth colde swellings whiche chaunce to be on the head The leaues and tenderest braunches of Chrysanthemum may be well vsed in potage and Salades as other herbes of like nature for in time past our elders haue so vsed it Of the Indian Sunne / or Golden floure of Perrowe Chap. xxxiiij †The Description THe Indian Sunne or the golden floure of Perrowe is a plante of suche stature and talnesse that in one Somer it groweth to the length of thirtene or fouretenne foote and in some places to the heigth of foure twentie or fiue and twenty foote his stalkes be right straight and thicke and his leaues are very many especially they that grow vpmost for the vnder leaues do quickly fall and vanissh especially those great broade leaues whiche before the springing vp of the stalke are in quantitie almost as large as the leaues of the Clote Burre In the very top of the sayde high stalke there groweth a very large most excellent floure most likest to Camomill or Chrysanthemum but much larger in quantitie almost like to apretie broade Hatte so that oftentimes whan the circuit or vttermost Compasse of the sayde floure is measured it is founde to be of the breadth of halfe a foote The middle of the floure in whiche the seede groweth is like to a fine cloath wrought as it were with needle worke the smal leaues whiche grow in compasse aboute are of a bright shining yellow colour and euery one of them are in quantitie like the leaues of the Lyllie floures or rather greater and are almost fiftie in number or moe The seede is flat and long and somwhat browne or swarte in quantitie like to the Gourde seede The rootes are like to the rootes of Reedes or Canes Chrysanthemum Peruuianum †The Place This plante groweth in the Weste India the whiche is called America and in the Countrey of Perrowe and being sowen in Spayne it groweth to the length of foure and twentie foote and it beareth floures lyke to the aboue sayde in base Almaigne it groweth not aboue xij or xiij foote high and it doth scarfly bring foorth his floure and if it chaunce sometimes to beare his floures yet than they be smaller and very little and they come foorth agaynst winter so that they can come to no perfection †The Names This floure is called Sol Indianus and Chrysanthemum Perunianum in base Almaigne Sonne van Indien we may also call it the Indian Sunne or the Golden floure of Perrowe †The Nature and Vertues Of the vertue of this herbe and floure we are able to say nothing bycause the same hath not bene yet found out or proued of any man Of Floure Deluce / or Iris. Chap. xxxv †The Kyndes THere be many kindes of Iris or floure Deluce whereof some are great tal and some are little and small The greater sortes are knowen one from an other by their colours and so be also the smaller sortes There is also a certayne kinde with narrower blades in sauour somewhat lothsome or grieuous almost of the sauour of Spatulae foetidae or Gladyn bysides the Dwarffe Ireos the stincking Iris and the yellow Iris. †The Description THe greater Iris or floure Deluce his leaues be lōg large not much vnlike to the blade of a two edged swoorde emongst the which there springeth vp playne and smooth little stalkes of two foote long or more bearing floures made of six leaues ioyned togither wherof the three that stande vpright are bent inward one towards an other and most commonly in the leaues that hang downewardes there are certaine rough or hearie weltes lyke vnto a mans browes growing or rising from the nether parte of the leafe vpwarde almost of a yellow colour The rootes be thicke long and knobby with many strings as it were hearie threedes hanging at them One kinde of these beareth floures betwixte purple and blewe with a certayne changeablenes especially in the nethermost leaues The other kinde his leaues that hang downewardes are of a fayre violet colour but those that grow vpright and bende inwardes are of a fainte blew The third floure is altogither or wholly of a fainte blewe Iris. The fourth kinde his floures be all white The fifth kinde his leaues be of a very fayre deepe Violet colour and his smell is moste delectable and the hearie or rough weltes of this kynde are white The smaller Floure Deluces or Ireos are in all things like to the greater sauing that their stemmes be very shorte and their flagges or blades are also shorter and smaller than the others Their floures are like to the greater most commonly of a yellow colour and sometimes of a fainte colour and sometimes betwixte purple and skie colour and the same is in some kyndes of them fadder and in some lighter The narrow leaued Ireos his flagges belong and narrowe but yet they be shorter then the leaues or blades of the greater Iris and of a blewishe greene colour of sauour somewhat greeuous but nothing so horrible or lothsome as Spatula foetida The stemmes growe to the height of halfe a foote at the toppes whereof growe cleare blewe or skie coloured flowers lyke to the other flower Deluces sauing that their litle leaues are smaller and narrower and the vpper
of a flagge is founde in this countrie in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth here in May and Iune †The Names This floure Deluce may well be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaeiris that is to say Dwarffe Ireos or the smallest floure Deluce bycause it is the least of all the flagges The Herboristes do now call it Iris Illyrica And so doth also Hermolaus Barbarus in Corollario But Antonius Musa in Examine Simpliciū doth very well declare that this is not Iris Illyrica The Temperament and Vertues This Flagge also is hoate and dry leauing whan it is chewed a certayne heate vpon the tongue as the rootes of all the other flagges do Of wild Ireos / stincking Gladin / or Spourgewort Chap. xxxvij †The Description The stincking flagge or Gladyn hath long narrow bladed leaues like to the leaues of Ireos or the floure Deluce but a great deale smaller and of a darke greene colour of a lothsome smell or stincke almost like vnto the stincking worme called in Latine Cimex The stalke is rounde vpon which groweth floures like to the floure Delice but smaller and of a gray or ashye colour whan they are gone there appeare great huskes or coddes wherein is round red seedes eche grayne or bearie of the quantitie of a little rounde pease The roote is long and very threedy †The Place This herbe is a strāger in Brabant for it is seldome found in that countrey out of the gardens of Herboristes It is very cōmon in England especially neare to the sea side growing in stonie places by hedges and the borders of woodes †The Tyme It floureth in August and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Xyris and Iris syluestris in Shoppes Sphatula foetida in Spanishe Lirio Spadanal in English Stinking gladyn Spourgeworte wilde Ireos in Frenche Glaieul puante in high Douche Welsch Schwertel Wandtleuszkraut in base Almaigne Wādtluyscruyt wilde Lisch and stinckende Lisch †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degree of power to cut and make subtill Xyris †The Vertues The seede of the stinking Gladyn taken in weight of half a dram prouoketh vrine mightyly taken with vineger it doth wast and cure the hardnesse and stopping of the Melte or Spleene The roote of stinking Gladyn pounde with a little Verdegris a little of the roote of the great Centory a little Hony draweth forth al kindes of thornes splinters and broken bones and is very good for the woundes and bruses of the head to draw foorth the broken bones The same mengled with vineger doth consume and waste cold tumors and swellings being layde therevpon This herbe dryueth away and killeth the stinking wormes or Mothes called Cimici if the place whereas they haunt or ingender be rubbed with the iuyce thereof Corne flagge / or Gladioll Chap. xxxviij †The Description THis Gladyn or Corne flag hath long narrow blades like to the blades of Ireos the rest of the flagges but a great deale smaller narower amongst the which there springeth vp a round stalke of a cubite lōg at the toppe whereof there hangeth in order fayre purple floures one aboue an other after whiche there commeth roundish huskes diuided in three partes almost like to the huskes of Hyacinthe or Iacinthe in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is like vnto two round bullettes set one vpon an other †The Place This Gladyn is not found in this coūtrey but in the gardēs of Herborists ⧠The Tyme This Gladyn floureth in this countrie in May and Iune ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gladiolus of Apuleius Gladiolus segetalis and Lingua ceruina vnknowen in shops in Italian Monacuccie in Spanish Gladiolo di entres los panes of some Victorialis in Douche Aller man̄ harnisch we may cal it in English Corne Gladin Corne flag and right Gladin †The Nature The roote of Corne Gladin especially the vppermost doth drye make subtil and hath a litle drawing qualitie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The vpper roote of this Gladin pound with Frankensence and wine draweth foorth thornes and thinges that sticke fast in the fleshe The same roote mingled with Iuray meale and honyed water called Hydromell doth waste and make subtil harde lumpes or swellinges They say also that the vpper roote dronken in wine prouoketh Venus or bodily pleasure and the lower roote causeth barrennesse Gladiolus Of Sisynrichion Chap. xxxix †The Description SIsynrichion hath two or three long narrow litle leaues from which growe vp rounde stems about halfe a foote long on the toppes of them growe very faire little flowers of a light blew or skie colour so growing by course one after the other the one of them is euer open and spread and that standeth alwayes at the top in fashiō almost lyke the flowers of Ireos but smaller and somewhat differing in proportion After the sayde litle flowers there appeare small long rounde knops or huskes wherein the seede groweth The roote doth almost make two round heades lyke Onyons or Bulbos most commonly placed one vppon another which are inclosed as it were in certaine litle houses ⧠The Place This plante groweth in Portingale and Spaine is very seldome found in Flaunders sauing in the gardēs of some diligent Herboristes Sisynrichium †The Names The Grecians call this plante 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is called also in Latine of Plinie Sisynrichium in Shoppes and Portingal Nozelhals †The Nature and Vertues Sisynrichium is of a temperate complexion and good to be eaten The Auncientes dyd accompt it amongst the number of rootes that may be eaten and the Spaniardes and Portingales at this day do vse it for foode or meate Of Ireos Bulbosa Chap. xl ¶ The Kyndes There are founde three kindes of Iris Bulbosa †The Description THE first kinde of Bulbus Ireos his blades be lōg narrowe and straked or crested wel like the leaues of the yellowe Asphodil his stalke is almost of a cubite long in the toppe whereof growe beautiful flowers in fashion like the flowers of Ireos of a braue and excellēt colour betwixt purple and skie colour after them commeth long and thicke coddes or huskes in whiche the seede groweth The roote is after the manner of Bulbus that is round lyke a Saffron head or Onyon the which when it is in flower diuideth it selfe in twayne or two Bulbus rootes The other in leaues is like to the first but his flowers are partie coloured for the leaues of the litle flowers that hang or turne downewardes are somewhat white the leaues that grow vpward are of a cleare or light blewe colour also the litle leaues of the sayd smal flowers are lesse then the others and the coddes be longer and thinner The thirde is like to the other but it
dayes without remouing The same mengled with oyle or grease bringeth the heare agayne vpon places that haue bene either burned or scalded The same roote rosted in the embers or well pounde with oyle of Roses is good against the foule breaking out called the wild fire It cureth all burnings and closeth vp vlcers The same vertue haue the leaues Moreouer they are good to be layde vpon the bytings of Serpents The iuyce of the leaues boyled with vineger and hony in a brasen pipken or skillet is very good to heale mundifie both olde vlcers and greene woundes With the floures of Lillies there is made a good Oyle to supple mollifie digest excellent to soften the synewes and to cure the hardnesse of the Matrix or Mother The seede of Lillies is good to be dronken against the biting of Serpents Of the Orenge colour / and redde purple Lillies Chap. xliij †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of redde or purple Lillies wherof the first is the small and common redde Lillie the second is great and the thirde is of a meane sise or quantitie †The Description THe small purple Lillie his stalkes be almost of the length of halfe a foote set full of narrow darke greene leaues the floures in fasshion are like the floures of the white Lillie sauing they are without sauour and of a fyrie redde colour sprinckled or poudered with blacke speckes the rootes be also round and with cloues or kernels like to the rootes of the white Lillies The greater red Lillie groweth to the heigth of the white Lillie and there groweth oftentimes vpon one stalke twenty fiue twentie or thirtie floures or moe of a shyning yellowish redde colour speckled with very small blacke spottes or little poynted markes as the other The roote is also like the other sauing it is somwhat smaller The third redde Lillie is in grouth higher than the first yet not so high tal as the seconde This kinde of Lillie beareth at the toppe of the stalke and also amongst his leaues as it were certayne pypes or clysters whiche if they be set in the ground will grow and after three or foure yeares they will beare floures †The Place These kindes of Lillies are planted in some gardens especially in Flaunders and Germany but in some countries they grow wilde in rough and harde places †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The red purple Lillie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lilium rubrum Lilium rufum and of Ouide it is called Hyacinthus Pausanias calleth one of these kindes Comosandalon the Italians Giglio saluatico some call the greatest kinde Martagon it is called in Douche Root golt Gilgen Liliū purpureū †The cause of the Name Of the redde Lillie Ouide wryteth this that it came of the bloud of the Boy Hyacinthus the whiche Apollo by misfortune slue in playing with him so as the grasse and herbes were bedewed and sprinckled with the bloud of him Wherevpon it came to passe immediately by the commaundement of Apollo that the earth brought forth a floure altogither like to a Lillie sauing it was redde as Ouid wryting in the tenth Booke of his Metamorphoseos saith Ecce cruor qui fusus humo signauerat herbas Desinit esse cruor Tyrioque nitentior ostro Flos oritur formamque capit quam Lilia si non Purpureus color his argenteus esset in illis And for a perpetuall memorie of the Boy Hyacinthus Apollo named these floures Hyacinthes †The Nature and Vertues The nature and vertues of the redde Lillies are yet vnknowen bycause they are not vsed in medicine Of the wilde Lyllie Chap. xliiij ⧠The Description THe wilde Lillie hath a straight rounde stemme set full of long leaues at the toppe whereof there grow fayre pleasant floures in proportion much like to the Lillie diuided into sixe small thicke and flesshie leaues bending or turning backwardes almost like a ring of an olde purple or dimme incarnate colour poudered or dashte with small spottes and without any speciall smell The roote is like to the common garden Lillie sauing it is smaller and yellow as golde †The Place This herbe groweth in some places of Almaigne as in the woodes medowes whose situation or standing is vpon Mountaynes but in this countrie they plante them in gardens †The Time The wilde Lillie flowreth in Maye and Iune †The Names This flowre is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lilium syluestre and in some places Affodillus amongst the Apothecaries and is vsed for the right Asphodelus but very erroniously in Englishe Wilde Lillie in Frenche Lis sauuage the Italians call it Martagon and the Spaniardes Amarillis in high Douche Goldwurtz and Heydnischblumen in base Almaigne Lelikens van Caluarien Heydens bloeme and Wilde Lelien some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemerocallis howebeit the flower is not yellow †The Nature and Vertues The wilde Lillie also is not vsed in medicine therfore his nature vertues are as yet hidden vnknowen Lilium syluestre Martagon Italorsi Amaryllis Hispanorum Of Dogges tooth Chap. xlv †The Description THis lowe base herbe hath for the most parte but two leaues speckled with great redde spottes betwixt whiche there springeth vp a litle tender stalke or stemme with one flower at the toppe hanging downeward which hath certayne small leaues growing togither lyke an arche or vaute and like the wilde Lillie of colour white or pale purple like to a Carnation or flesh colour out of the middest of this flower there hange also sixe smal thrommes or short threds with litle titles or pointed notes like as in the Lillies After the flower there foloweth a roūd knop or litle head in which the sede is cōteyned The roote is long slenderlyke to a Chebol with certayne hearie threddes or stringes hanging at it †The Place It groweth in diuers places of Italy but chiefely on the hilles mountaynes of Bononia and Mutinens and the Countrie theraboutes it groweth not in Brabant sauing in the gardens of certayne diligent Herboristes ¶ The Names This herbe is nowe called Denticulus canis and Dens caninus of some it is also called Pseudohermodactylus of others Satyriō Erythroniū wherwithall notwithstanding it hath no similitude but it seemeth to be Ephemeron nō lethale of Dioscorides whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lilium syluestre and it may wel be called Lilium syluestre bycause that the flower when as it hangeth downeward towardes the ground is much like to the Lillies especially the wilde Lillies sauing it is euer smaller Denticulus canis Ephemeron nō lethale †The Nature and Vertues Of the nature and vertues of this herbe we can affirme nothing but if it be Ephemeron as it seemeth to be then it is good for the teeth as Dioscorides saith for as he writeth the water wherein the roote is boyled is wholesome and
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
in high vntilled dry places as vpon hilles and Downes †The Tyme These herbes do all floure in May and Iune sauing the small sweete Orchis which floureth last of al in August and September †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orchis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosorchis in Latine Testiculus Testiculus canis that is to say Dogges Cullions or Dogges coddes in Shoppes Satyrion in English some cal it also Orchis Standelwort StaÌ„dergrasse Raworte Priest pintell Ballock grasse Adders graâ—e and Bastard Satyrion in French Couillons de chien and Satyrion à deux Couillons in Italian Testiculo di cane in Spanish Coyon de perro and in Douch Kâ—â—benkraut and Standelkraut in base Almaigne Standelcrayt Testiculus odoratus This second kinde is called of some in Latine Testiculus Morionis in English great Standelworte and Fooles Balloxe The third kinde doubtlesse is also of the kindes of Orchis and bycause of his ranke sauour is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Testiculus hirci in Latine in English Hares Balloxe and Goates Cullions in French Couillon de bouq in Douch Bocxcullekens they call it also in Latine Testiculus lepoâ—is and in Shoppes Satyrion wheras without iudgement it is vsed for the right Satyrion The fourth kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orchis Serapias in Latine Testiculus serapias in English Serapias stones Priestes pintle and Ragwurtz in base Almaigne Ragwortel some also call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Triorchis that is to say three Ballocks or three Stones wherfore Fuchsius feyned Serapias Orchis to haue three Stones or three Bulbus rootes yet Plinie attributeth vnto it but twayne We may call it in English properly flie Orchis bycause al the kindes of Serapias Orchis haue in all their floures the proportion and likenesse of one kinde of flie or other The fifth kinde is called Testiculus odoratus Testiculus pumilio that is to say sauerie Standehourte or sweete Ballocke and Dwarffe Orchis in base Almaigne welrieckende Standelcruyt and cleyn Standelcruyt †The Nature All these kindes of herbes are of complexion hoate and moyst †The Vertues The ful and sappie rootes of Standergrasses but especially of Hares Balloxe or Goates Orchis eaten or boyled in Goates milke and dronken prouoketh Uenus or bodily luste doth norisshe and strengthen the bodie and is good for them that are fallen into a consumptioÌ„ or feuer Hectique which haue great neede of nourrishment The withered or shriueled roote is of a cleane contrary nature for it restrayneth or represseth fleshly lust And it is written of this roote that if men do eate of the greatest and fullest rootes and especially of the firste kinde of Orchis that they shall beget Sonnes and if wemen do eate of the wythered rootes they shall bring foorth Doughters The same rootes but especially of Serapias or flie Orchis boyled in wine and dronken stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the bellie The same roote being yet fresih and greene doth waste and consume all tumors and mundifieth rotten vlcers and cureth Fistulas being layde thereto and the same made into pouder and cast into fretting deuouring vlcers and fores stayeth the same from any farder festering or fretting The same roote but especially the roote of Dwarffe Orchis boyled in wine with a little hony cureth the rotten vlcers and sores of the mouth Of Double leafe and Gooseneste Chap. lvij †The Kyndes BYsides the kinds of Standergrasse described in the former Chapter there are yet two other herbes also which are somewhat like vnto the aforesayde Standergrasses especially in their stalkes floures and therfore are comprehended of some wryters vnder the title of the Standergrasses Whereof the one sorte is called Double leafe or Bastarde Orchis and the other Birdes-nest The whiche we haue thought good to place alone in a Chapiter by themselues bycause their rootes are much vnlike the rootes of Standergrasse Bifolium Double leafe or Twayblade Nid d'oyseau Goosenest †The Description DOuble leaffe hath a rounde smothe stalke and it beareth but two leaues onely like to the leaues of great Plantayne The stalke froÌ„ the middle vp to the top is compassed or beset round about with a great many of little smal floures of a yellowishe greene colour almost like to little yong Goossings or birdes lately hatched and not much vnlike the floures of diuers sortes of Standergrasse The roote is full of threddie strings Goosenest hath a bare naked stalke without leaues bearing a floure at the top like to a spiky tufft or eare of a browne colour like vnto wood It is almost like the stalke of Orobanche or Broome Rape wherof we shal write in the vj. parte of our Historie of Plantes sauing it is tenderer and not so thicke as the stalke of Orobanche The roote is nought else but a sorte of threddy strings as it were interlaced snarled or tangled one in an other †The Place The Twayblade or Double leaf delighteth best in moyst waterie places Gooseneste is to be founde in moyst and sandie fieldes and pastures and in grauely wooddes †The Tyme These two herbes do spring in May and Iune †The Names The first of these herbes is called of the writers in our time in Latine Bifolium in English Twayblade Dubble leafe Bastard Orchis Eunuche StaÌ„dergrasse in high Douch Zueblat in base Almaigne Tweebladt and it is thought of some to be Plinies Ophris others thinke it to be a kinde of Perfoliatum or Thorow waxe some thinke it to be Alisma or water Plantayne and of some it is taken for Helleborine that is to say the wilde white Hellebor or Niesworte Herom Bouq calleth the second kinde Margendrchen some Herborists amongst vs bicause that the rootes be so tangled wrapped like to a nest haue named it Goosenest in French Nid doyseau in base Almaigne Voghels nest †The Nature and Vertues The nature vertues of these herbes are not yet very wel knoweÌ„ howbeit the late wryters do take it to be good for wouÌ„des ruptures or burstings some do also say that they be in nature like vnto Orchis or Standergrasse Of the right Satyrion / or Dioscorides Satyrion Cha. lviij †The Kindes BYsides the aforesayde Orchis or Bastard Satyrions which are also called Satyria of Apuleius Plinie Dioscorides also hath wryten of two kindes of Satyrion one called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Description THe first of Dioscorides Satyrions his leaues be somwhat broade like the leaues of Lillies sauing they be smaller and somewhat redde the stalke is about the heigth of halfe a foote bare and naked and it hath a white floure at the toppe almost like vnto a Lillie a Bulbus or rounde roote like to an apple of a fyrie yellow or reddisshe colour without and white within like the white of an egge of a sweete and pleasant taste The
other Satyrion his seede is smooth and shyning like vnto Lyne seede sauing it is bigger and the rinde of the Bulbus roote is reddishe but the roote it selfe is white and sweete and pleasant in tast as Dioscorides writeth †The Place It groweth in open sunnie places vpon high mountaynes †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyrium Triphyllum or Trifolium in English Satyrion also right Satyrion and three leaued Satyrion The other Satyrion is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyriū erythronium we may call it also Redde Satyrion and Syrian Satyrion †The Nature Satyrion is hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The rootes of Satyrion prouoketh Venus or bodily luste and they nourisshe and strengthen the body as the auncient wryters say Of sioyall Standergrasse / or Palma Christi Chap. lix †The Kyndes BYsides the two Satyrions described of the auncient wryters there is also at this day an other sorte found out of learned men †The Description THe greate Royall Satyrion which is also the male kinde hath long thicke smooth leaues smaller than Lillie leaues without any apparant or manifest spots and stalkes of a foote long or more not without smal leaues growing by it the floures grow in a spiky bushe or tuffet at the top of the stalke of a light purple colour and sweete sauour speckled with smal speckes of a deeper purple like to Cuckow Orchis or fooles ballockes sauing they lacke suche a come or coppe vnder euery one of the sayde floures there groweth a small sharpe poynted leafe the rootes be double like to a payre of handes and eache parted into iiij or fiue small rootes like fingers whereof one is more withered light spōgie the other is full and sounde or firme with a few small rootes or strings growing out or fastned thereto Satyrion Basilicō mas Satyrion Royall Satyrion Basilicon foem Satyrion Royall Of this sorte there is also a kinde founde whiche is very small and it hath very narrow leaues like to Saffron or Leeke blades and a russhie stalke of nine inches long with a sharp pointed tufte or spikie eare at the top of the stalke like the tuft or spikie bushe of floure Gentill or Veluet floure of such a bright crimson or purple colour Of a very sweete fragrant sauour like vnto muske whan they are fresh new gathered the rootes are like to the others but not so large greene The other great kinde whiche is the female of this royall Satyrion hath leaues like to the leaues of the male kind of royall Satyrion sauing they be smaller dasshed full of blacke spottes the floures be like vnto gaping hoodes or Cockescomes like to the floures of Fooles ballockes or Cuckowes Orchis of colour sometimes white sometimes purple or redde or a light skie colour alwayes speckled and garnished with more small spottes or speckes †The Place The royall Satyrions are found in certayne medowes and moyst woodes of England and Germanie But that kinde whiche beareth the sweete spikie tufte or eare is found vpon the high hilles and mountaynes of Sauoy †The Tyme Royall Satyrion floureth in May and Iune †The Names These plantes are now called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyria Basilica siue regia also Palmas Christi we may call it in English Satyrion Royall Palmas Christi or noble Satyrion in French Satyrion royall in Douch Cruszblum in base Almaigne Handekens cruyt †The Nature The rootes of Royall Satyrion are in sent and tast like to Orchies therfore they are thought to be of the same complexion whiche is hoate and moyst †The Vertues The roote of Royall Satyrion brused or stamped giuen to drinke in wine prouoketh vomit purgeth both the stomacke and bealy by meanes wherof it cureth the old feuer Quartayne after cōuenient purgation if an inch or asmuch as ones thumbe of this roote be pounde ministred in wine before the accesse or comming of the fit As Nicholas Nycols writeth Sermone secundo Of Hyssope Chap. lx ⧠The Description THe common Hyssop hath fouresquare greene harde wooddishe stemmes or brāches set with small narrow leaues somewhat like the leaues of Lauander but a great deale smaller and greener The floures growe at the toppes of the branches in small tuftes or nosegays almost like to a spikie eare sauing that they growe by one side of the stalke Whan the floures be past there commeth seede which is blacke and lieth in the smal huskes from whence the floures are fallen The roote is blackishe and of wooddie substance Hyssopus communis There is yet a thirde kinde like to the others in leaues and stalkes but the floures of this kinde are milke white †The Place Hyssope groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey neuerthelesse ye shall finde it commonly planted in all gardens ⧠The Tyme Hyssope floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Hyssopus and Ysopus in Italian and Spanish Hyssopo in English Hysope in French Hyssope in Douch Hysop Hysope and Ysope howbeit this herbe is not the right Hyssope wherof Dioscorides Galen and the Auncients haue written as it is sufficiently declared by certaine of the best learned writers of these dayes †The Nature Hyssope is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Hyssope with figges Rue and Hony boyled togither in water and dronken is good for them whiche haue any obstruction or stopping of the breast with shortnesse of breath and for them that haue an olde difficult or harde cough and it is good also for the same purpose to be mengled with hony and often licked in after the manner of Lohoc or Loch Hyssope taken in with Syrupe Acetosus that is of vineger purgeth by stoole tough and clammy flegme and killeth and driueth foorth wormes It hath the like vertue eaten with figges Hyssope boyled in water with figges and gargled in the mouth and throte ripeth and breaketh the tumors and impostems of the mouth and throte Hyssope sodde in vineger and holden in the mouth swageth tooth ache The Decoction of Hyssope doth scatter consume the bloud that is congeled clotted gathered togither vnder the skinne and all blacke and blew markes that come of stripes or beating The same decoction cureth the itche scurffe foule mangines if it be wasshed therewithal Of common garden Sauorie Chap. lxj †The Description THe Sauorie is a tender sommer herbe of a foote long the stalkes be slender and blackishe very full of branches set with smal narrow leaues somwhat like the leaues of cōmon Hyssope but a great deale smaller The floures grow betwixt the leaues of carnation Satureia vulgaris in white colour of a pleasant sauour The seede is browne or blackishe The roote is tender and threedie †The Place This herbe is sowen in all gardens and is muche vsed about
meates †The Tyme This herbe floureth in Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Cunila and Satureia in Shoppes Saturegia in Italian Coniella Sauoregia in Spanish Segurella in English somer Sauorie and common garden Sauorie in French Sarriette Sauorie in Douch garten Hyssop zwibel Hysop Kunel Saturey Sadaney in base Almaigne Cuele Satureye Lochtekol †The Nature Sommer or garden Sauorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues This Sauorie as Dioscorides saith is in operation like vnto Time and is very good and necessarie to be vsed in meates Of Tyme Chap. lxij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Tyme the one called Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie the other is our common vsuall Tyme Thymum Creticum Tyme of Candie Thymum durius Our common Tyme ⧠The Description TYme of Candie hath many smal wooddy stalkes set round about with smal narrow leaues at the top of the stalkes groweth certayne knoppie tuftes like vnto small short eares thrust togither not much vnlike the flourie spike or knops of Staecados but much smaller and bringing forth purple floures The roote is brittle and of wooddie substance The common time also hath many small weake and wooddie brāches The leaues be small of sharpe and byting taste The floures growe at the top of the stalkes of incarnate colour The roote is small and wooddishe †The Place The first kinde of Tyme groweth in hoate countries in dry barren soyle and stony mountaynes and such like vntilled places And it is found very plentifull in the countrie of Greece but principally in Candie The second groweth also in hoate countries vpō the stonie mountaynes in leane barren ground and such like places as in many places of Spayne and Italie and throughout all Lanquedoc whereas it groweth very plentifully †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Tyme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Thymus in Italian Thymo in Spanish Tomillo The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymū capitatum of the later writers Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie The second is called also in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides Thymum durius the which is seldome foūd in season without his Epithymus it is called in English Tyme the common garden Tyme in French Thym in Douch Thymus †The Nature Tyme is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Tyme boyled in water hony and dronken is good against a hard painefull cough and shortnesse of breath it prouoketh vrine expulseth the Secondine and the dead fruite from the Matrix it bringeth to women their naturall termes and dissolueth clotted or congeled bloud in the bodie The same made into pouder and taken in waight of three drammes with honied Vineger whiche they call Oximel and a little Salte purgeth by stole tough and clammy flegme and sharpe and cholerique humors and all corruption of bloud The same taken in like sorte is good against the Sciatica the payne in the side the breast also it is good against blastings and windinesse of the side and bellie and of the stones or genitors and it is profitable for those that are fearefull melancholique and troubled in sprite or minde Tyme eaten in the morning fasting and in the euening before Supper is good for bleared and watering eyes the paine in the same And it is also good for the same purpose to be often vsed in meates It is also singuler against the Goute taken in wine out of the time of the greefe with a dramme of Oximel whan one is tormented with the same Tyme mingled with honie after the māner of a Lohoc to be often licked in clenseth the breast ripeth flegme causing it easily to be spet or cast out Tyme stamped with Vineger consumeth and wasteth colde swellings and taketh away Wartes being layde therevpon The same pound with Barlie meale wine appeaseth that payne of the hanch or hippe which some call the Sciatica Goute being applied therevnto Time is also good to be giuen to them that haue the falling sicknesse to smell vpon Of Thymbra / or winter Sauorie Chap. lxiij †The Description WInter Sauorie hath many slender wooddie stalkes set full of smal narrow leaues The floures be small incarnate or white growing in littell huskes alōgst the stalkes betwixte the leaues floureth by little littell from the lowest parte of the stalke euen vp to the toppe of the branches leauing after the floures be fallen away as it were a greene spikie eare or tufte cōteyning the seede whiche is very small The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth in certaine places of Fraunce especially in Languedor other hoate countreys in vntilled places It is found in this countrey in the gardens of suche as haue pleasure in herbes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iuly August and somtimes later Thymbra †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymbra Cunila in English Tymbra Winter Sauorie also Pepper Hyssope in French Thymbre and Sarrietted Angliterre of some Douch Herborists Tenderick This is not Satureia for Satureia is an herbe differing from Thymbra as Columella and Plinie haue very well taught vs. †The Nature Tymbra is hoate and dry like Tyme †The Vertues Winter Sauorie is good and profitable to be vsed in meates like Tyme Sauorie and common Hyssope It hath power and vertue like Tyme being taken in the like sorte as Dioscorides sayth Of wilde Tyme Chap. lxiiij †The Description THe running Tyme hath diuers smal wooddie brāches somtimes trayling alongst the ground somtimes growing vpright of a foote half long set full of smal leaues much like to the leaues of common garden Time but much larger The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes like to crownes or garlands after the maner of Horehound floures or knops most commonly of a purplered colour somtimes but very seldom as white as snow The roote is harde and of wooddie substance with many threeddie strings †The Place This herbe groweth plentifully in all this coūtrie in places that are rude rough dry vntilled and stonie by the high way sides and in the borders of fieldes †The Tyme Running Tyme floureth from after May vntill the end of Sommer †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Serpillum and in some places Pulegium montanum in Italian Serpillo in Spanish Sepollo Serpam in English wilde Tyme Puliall mountayne Pellamountayne running Time in Frēch Serpolet in high douch Quendel and of some also Kumel Kieulin in base Almaigne Quendel in Brabant Onser vrouwen bedstroo in some places wilden Thymus Many iudge it to be that whiche the Greekes do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Serpyllum hortense howbeit it
should seeme rather to be a kind of Thymum durius or that which is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Saxifranga than Serpyllum Serpillum vulgare †The Nature Pellamountayne is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Wilde Tyme boyled in water or wine and drōken prouoketh and bringeth to women the fluxe Menstruall driueth out the stone and grauell and prouoketh vomit The same taken in the like manner stoppeth the laske and cureth gripings or knawings and is excellent against Crampes and the drawing togither or shrinking of Synewes This herbe taken in meates and drinkes or brothes is a soueraigne medicine against all poyson and against the bytings and stingings of venemous beastes and Serpentes The iuyce of Pellamountayne or Running Tyme dronken to the quantitie of halfe an vuce with Vineger is good agaynst the spetting and vomiting of bloud Running Tyme mengled with Vineger and oyle of Roses and applied to the forehead and temples swageth head ache is very good against rauing and frensie The perfume of the same driueth away all venemous beasts Of Penny Royall / or Podding grasse Chap. lxv ⧠The Description PEnny Royall hath smal brittle stalkes of a foote long somtimes more not vpright but creeping alongst the ground taking new rootes here there in sundrie places The leaues be somwhat round almost like the leaues of Marierom but they be greener browner and of a stronger sauour The floures growe here and there by certayne spaces aboute the stemmes like whorles or garlandes and as the floures of Horchound of a blewishe colour and sometimes very white The roote is threeddie †The Place Penny Royall loueth moyst vntilled places whiche are dry in the Somer and full of water in winter ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pulegium in Italian Pulegio in Spanish Poleios Poleio in English Penny Royall Pulioll Royall Pudding grasse and Organie in French Pouliot in high Douch Poley in base Almaigne Poley and Paley †The Nature Penny royall is hoate dry in the third degree of subtile partes and cutting †The Vertues Penny royall boyled in wine drōken prouoketh the monethly termes bringeth foorth the Secondine the dead frute and the vnnaturall birth it prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone especially the stone of kidneys Penny royal taken with hony clenseth the Lunges voydeth them the breast from all grosse and thicke humors Pulegium The same taken with Hony and Aloes purgeth by stole the Melancholique humor preuayleth much against crāpes the drawing togither of sinewes The same taken with water and vineger asswageth the inordinate desire to vomit and the gnawing paynes of the stomacke Penny royall taken in wine helpeth the bitings of venemous beastes and with vineger it helpeth them that haue the falling sickenesse If at any time men be constrayned to drinke corrupt naughtie stinking or salte water throw Penny royall into it or strow the pouder thereof into it and it shall not hurte any bodie A garlande made of Penny Royall and worne about the head is of great force against the swymming paynes and giddy turnings of the head The same pounde with Vineger and giuen to smell vpon to people that are much giuen to sounding quickeneth their Senses and causeth them to returne to them selues agayne and is good for them that haue colde and moyst braynes The pouder or axsen of this herbe doth fasten and strengthen the gummes that are rubbed therewith Penny royall pounde asswageth the payne of the Goute and Sciatica being rubbed vpon the greeued parte vntill it waxe redde The same mengled with vineger hony cureth the crampes and is profitable for the disseases of the Splene or Melte being layde therevnto The Decoction thereof is very good against ventositie windinesse and blastings also against the hardnesse and stopping of the Mother whan one sitteth ouer the vapour or breath thereof in a stewe or bathe whereas the sayde Decoction is The same is also good against the itche and manginesse to washe the scabbed parties therein The perfume of the floures of Penny royall being yet fresshe and greene driueth away flees Xenocrates saith that a braunch of Penny royall wrapped in a little wooll and giuen to smell vnto or layde amongst the clothes of the bedde cureth the feuer Tertian Of Poley Chap. lxvi †The Kyndes POley as Dioscorides saith is of two sortes whereof one may be named great Poley or as Dioscorides termeth it Poley of the Mountaine the other may be called small Poley †The Description POley of the Mountayne is a little small tender base and sweete smelling herbe hauing small stemmes and slender branches of a spanne or halfe foote long The leaues bee small narrow and grayish whereof they that grow lowmoste are somewhat larger and a little snipt or iagged aboute the edges and they that growe aboue are narrower and not so much iagged or snipte The floures be white and do grow at the toppe of the branches The roote is threedie The lesse Poley is not muche vnlike the other sauing that his leaues are tenderer smaller narrower and whiter than the other it hath also a great many moe small slender and weake branches But it hath not so great vertue nor so strong a sauour as Poley of the Mountayne †The Place It groweth not of him selfe in this countrie and is not lightly found sauing in the gardens of some Herboristes who do plante and cherishe it with great diligence Polium †The Tyme It floureth at the end of May and Iune whereas it groweth of his owne kinde and in this countrey in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Polium Polium montanum and Theuthrium in Italian Polio in Spanish Hierua vssa in English Poley Poley mountayne It hath neither French nor Douch name that we know for it is yet vnknowen of the Apothecaries them selues in the Shoppes of this countrey †The Nature Poley is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Poley boyled in water or wine prouoketh the floures and vrine and is very good against the Dropsies and Iaunders It profiteth much against the bytings of venemouse beastes and against poyson taken in maner aforesayde and it driueth away all venemous beasts from the place whereas it is strowen or burnte The same dronken with vineger is good for the diseases of the Mylte and Splene Also it healeth and closeth vp woundes being yet fressh and greene pound and applied or layde therevpon Of Marierom Chap. lxvij †The Description MArierom is a delicate and tender hearbe of sweete sauour very wel knowen in this countrie hauing small weake and brittle stalkes set with softe and tender leaues somewhat round and of grayishe colour it bareth about the toppe and vpper parte of the
braunches a great many of small buttons or knoppes like to a little spike eare made of many scales out of which groweth very smal white floures yeelding a very small reddish seede The roote is wooddish and very threddy †The Place This Marierom is planted in gardens and in pottes with earth and it loueth fatte and well mainteyned ground †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August Maiorana vulgaris †The Names This noble and odoriferous plant is now called in Shoppes Maiorana in Italiē Persa in English Marierom sweete Mariorom and Marierom Gentle in French Mariolaine in high Douch Maioran or Meyran in base Almayne Mariolcine and Mageleyne It is taken for the right 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Greekes and Amaracus Maiorana in Latine howbeit it trayleth not alongst the ground at all as Dioscorides writeth that Sampsicon shoulde do wherefore it shoulde rather be somewhat like that herbe whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latines Marum for this is an herbe of a most sweete and pleasant smell bearing his floure almost like to Origanum Heracleoticum whiche thing Dioscorides attributeth vnto Marum †The Nature Marierom is hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues Marierom boyled in white wine and a quantitie thereof dronken is very good for such as begin to fall into the Hydropsie for such as cannot pisse but drop after droppe and that with great difficultie it is good for them that are tormented with the gryping paynes and wringings of the bellie The same taken in the like manner prouoketh the floures and so doth it being ministred beneath in manner of a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie Dried Marierom mengled with Hony dissolueth Congeled bloud and driueth away the blacke and blew markes after strypes and bruses being applied thereto The same with Salte and Vineger is very good to be applied vnto the prickings and stingings of Scorpions A playster made of Marierom with oyle waxe resolueth colde swellings or tumors and is much profitable to be layde vpon places that be out of ioynt or wrenched Marierom brused or rubbed betwixt the handes put into the Nosethrils or the iuyce thereof suift vp into the nose draweth downe humors from the head mundifieth the brayne causeth to sneese and is very good for them that haue lost their smelling And if Marierom be Marum of the Gretians then is it also a very good herbe as Galen saith fit to be put into all medicines and compositions made against poyson it is also good to be mengled with all odoriferous and sweete oyntments as the oyntment called Vnguentum Amaricinum and such like Marum is also good to be layde vpon fretting consuming vlcers is very profitable against all colde griefes and maladies as Dioscorides writeth Of Clinopodium / or Mastic Chap. lxviij †The Description THis herbe hath smal naked roūd and woodish stemmes the leaues be small and tender almoste like Marierom The floures whiche are white and very small do grow like a Crowne or garland rounde about the stemme in small rough or woolly huskes The roote is of wooddishe substance The whole herbe is of a very pleasant sweete sauour almost like Marierom †The Place This herbe groweth not of him selfe in this countrie but the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrie in August or there aboutes Clinopodium †The Names This herbe is taken of some Herboristes for Marum that is the English and French Mastic but seing that it floureth not like Organe or wild Marierom it seemeth vnto me to be nothing like Marum but rather to be like vnto the herbe which they call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Clynopodium for the whiche we haue described it Turner calleth Clinopodium for the whiche we haue described it Turner calleth Clinopodium Horse tyme and so doth Cooper English Clinopodium he calleth it also Puliall mountayne †The Nature It is in complexion very much like Marierom †The Vertues They vse to drinke the herbe Clinopodium in wine and the Decoction or iuyce therof made in wine against Crampes burstings difficultie of vrine and the bitings of Serpents It prouoketh the floures expelleth the dead fruite and Secondine if it be vsed as is aforesayde The same boyled vntill the thirde parte be consumed stoppeth the bellie but it muste be dronken with water in a Feuer and with wine without a Feuer Menne wryte also of Clinopodium that if it be taken with wine by the space of certayne dayes it will cause the Wartes that are vpon the body to fall away Of Origan / or wilde Margerom Chap. lxix †The Kindes ORigan is of three sortes that is to say garden Origan wilde Origan and that kinde whiche they call Origanum Onitis Origanum Heracleoticum Spanish Origan Bastard Margerom Origanum syluestre Wilde Origan Groue Margerom ⧠The Description THE first kinde hath harde rounde and sometimes reddish stēmes wherevpon are round whitish leaues smaller than the leaues of wild Origan and nothing hearie but otherwise somewhat like in fasshion The floures grow not in knoppie Crownets but like vntosmal spikie eares growing vpon little fine stemmes at the toppe of the stalke And afterwarde it bringeth forth small seede The second kinde hath whiter leaues and is not of so great vertue but otherwise not much vnlike the first It is not knowen in this countrie The thirde wilde kind hath many round browne long hearie stalkes the leaues be somewhat round and softe heared greater than the leaues of Penny Royall The floures are reddish and growing a great many togither in tuftes like Nosegayes The seede is small reddishe The roote is long harde wooddish There is also a sorte of this thirde kinde founde bearing floures as white as snow of stronger smell sauour than the abouesayde wilde kinde but in all things else lyke vnto it Marum quibusdam English Margerom Yet there is found a thirde kinde the which is cōmonly called English Marierom This is a base or low herbe not much vnlike to wilde Origan with leaues somewhat rounde and of a darke greene colour smaller than the leaues of wild Origan not hearie but plaine and smoth The floures are purple in redde and grow in crownelike tuftes The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place These herbes do grow in Candie and other hoate countries sometimes also in Spayne here they plant them in gardens †The Tyme The first kinde floureth very late in this countrey and yet it floureth not at all sauing whan the Sommer is very hoate The wilde Origan his kindes do floure at Mydsomer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Origana The first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origanum heracleoticum and of some Cunila here in Shoppes it is called Origanum Hispanicum bycause they bring it dry from Spayne to sell at Antwerpe and this is
the cause that the Brabanders call it Origano as the Spaniards do call it Oreganos The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origanum onitis which is yet vnknowē in this countrie The thirde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Origanum syluestre that is to say wilde Origan in Spanish Oregano campestre The first is commōly taken in the Shoppes of this countrie for Origanum is called in English wilde Origan and Bastarde Marierom in French Origan sauuage and Mariolaine bastarde in high Douch Dosten Wolgemut in base Almaigne groue Marioleyne The second may be called wilde Origan with the white floures The thirde is called English Marierom in French Mariolaine d'Angleterre ▪ and in base Almaigne Engelsche Marioleyne and it is taken in some shoppes and of some Herborists for Marum †The Nature All the kindes of Origan are hoate and dry in the third degree the one being stronger than the other †The Vertues Origan boyled in wine and dronken is good against the bytings of venemous beasts or the stinginges of Scorpions and fielde spyders And boyled in wine as is aforesayde it is good for thē that haue taken excessiuely of the iuyce of Homblocke or Poppie whiche men call Opium The same dronken with water is of great vertue against the paynes of the stomacke and the stitches or griping torments aboute the harte and causeth light digestion and taken with Hydromel or honied water it loseth the bellie gentilly and purgeth by stole aduste and Melancholique humors and prouoketh the fluxe menstruall The same eaten with figges profiteth them much that haue the Hydropsie and against the shrinking and drawing togither of members It is profitably giuen to be licked vpon with Hony against the Cough the Pleurisie and the stopping of the Lunges The iuyce of Origan is of great force against the swelling of the Almondes or kernels of the throte and cureth the vlcers of the mouth The same iuyce drawen or snift vp into the Nose purgeth the brayne and taketh away from the eyes the yellow colour remayning after that one hath had the Iaunders It appeaseth the paynes of the eares being dropped in with Milke It is good against all kinde of scuruinesse roughnesse of the skinne manginesse and against the Iaunders if one bathe in the Decoction thereof made in water or if the body onely be wasshed withthe same The same herbe being mengled with vineger and Oyle is good to be layde on with wool vpō squats or bruses and blacke and blewe markes to partes displaced or out of ioynt The wilde Origan with the white floure is of singuler vertue against all the abouesayde maladies or disseases as Galen saith Of Tragorigan / or Goates Origan Chap. lxx †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Tragoriganum as Dioscorides hath left in writing †The Description THE first kinde is very much like Organū sauing that his stalkes leaues be tēderer The seconde kinde hath many browne woddish stēmes the leaues be meetely large of a swart greene colour larger than the leaues of Pellamountayne or running time and somwhat rough ouer couered Tragoriganum alterum as it were with a certayne fine and softe hearie The small floures are purple and grow like Crownes or whorles at the toppe of the stemmes †The Place These herbes are not common in this countrie but are onely founde in the gardens of certayne diligent Herborists ⧠The Tyme Tragoriganum floureth here in August †The Names This kinde of Origan is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragoriganum we may also call it in English Tragoriganum or Goates Origan The second kinde is called also Prasium of some of this coūtrie it hath ben deemed or taken for Tyme †The Nature The Tragoriganum is hoate and dry like Origan also it hath a certayne astringent vertue †The Vertues The decoction of Tragoriganum dronken maketh a good loose bellie and auoydeth the Cholerique humors and taken with vineger it is good for the Melte or Splene Tragoriganum is very good against the wambling of the stomacke and the sowre belkes whiche come from the same and against the paine or desire to vomit at the Sea Tragoriganum mengled with Hony and oftentimes licked vpon helpeth against the Cough and shortnesse of breath It prouoketh vrine bringeth to wemen their monethly termes the same layde on with the meale of Polenta hath power to dissolue colde tumors or swellings Of Basill Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Basill the one of the Garden the other is wilde Wherof the garden Basill also is of two sortes one great the other small ⧠The Description THE Basill Royall or great Basill hath round stalkes full of braunches with leaues of a faynt or yellowishe greene colour almost like to the leaues of Mercury The floures are rounde about the stalkes sometimes purple and sometimes as white as snow Whan they are gone there is founde a small blacke seede The roote is long with many stringes or threedes The second kinde is not much vnlike to the abouesayd The stalkes be roūd with many littell collaterall or side branches The leaues be snipte or iagged round aboute a great deale smaller than the leaues of Basill Royall or great Basill The floures are very much like to the others These two kindes are of a maruelous sweete sauour in strength passing the smell of Marierom so as in deede their sent is so strong that they cause Headache whan they are to much or to long smelde vpon The wilde Basill hath square hearie stēmes beset with small leaues much lyke to the leaues of Bushe or small Basill but a great deale smaller hearie The floures are purple or of a skie colour very like the floures of garden Basill The roote is full of hearie threedes and creepeth alongst the grounde and springeth vp yearely a new the whiche the other two garden Basils doth not but must be newe sowen yearely Ocimum maius Great Basill gentle Ocimum minus Busshe Basill or small Basill gentle †The Place Basill gentill is sowen in gardens The wilde Basill groweth in sandie groundes alongst by the water side †The Tyme These herbes do floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The garden Basill is called of the Auncients in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimum and of some Basilicum that is to say Royall it is now called Ocimum gariophyllatum in English Basill Royall Basill gentle or garden Basill and the smaller kinde is called bushse Basill in French Basilicq or Basilic in high Douch Basilgen Basilgram in base Almaigne the great is called Groue Basilicom and the small Edel Basilicom The wilde Basill is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acinus in French Basilic saunage in high Douch wilde Basilgen in base Almaigne wilde Basilicom †The Nature Garden Basill is of complexion hoate and moyst The wilde Basill is hoate and
dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues The auncient Phisitions are of contrary iudgements about the vertues of Basill Galen saith that for his superfluous moysture it is not good to be taken into the body Dioscorides saith that the same eaten is hurtfull to the sight and ingendreth windinesse and doth not lightly digest Plinie writeth that the same eaten is very good and conuenient for the stomacke that if it be dronken with Vineger it dryueth away ventosities or windinesse stayeth the appetite or desire to vomit prouoketh vrine besides this he saith it is good for the hydropsie and for them that haue the Iaunders The later writers say that it doth fortefie strengthen the harte the brayne and that it reioyceth and recreateth the spirites is good agaynst Melancholie and sadnesse that if it be taken in wine it cureth an olde cough The same after the minde of Galen is good to be layde too outwardly for it doth digest and ripe Wherefore as Dioscorides saith the same layde too with Barley meale oyle of Roses and Vineger is good for hoate swellings Basill pounde or stamped with wine appeaseth the payne of the eyes And the iuyce of the same doth clense mundifie the same and putteth away all obscuritie dimnesse drieth vp the Catarrhes or flowing humors that fall into the eyes being distilled or often dropped into the same Acinos The herbe brused with vineger holden to the nose of suche as are faynt fallē into a sound bringeth them againe to thēselues And the seede therof giuē to be smelled vpō causeth the sternutation or niesing The wilde Basil howsoeuer it be takē stoppeth the laske the inordinate course of the Moneths Of Vaccaria / or Cow Basill Chap. lxxij †The Description THat herbe which men do now cal Vaccaria hath roūd stalks full of ioyntes branches the branches haue vpon euery knot or ioynt two leaues somwhat broad not much vnlike to the leaues of Basill At the top of the brāches are smal red floures after the whiche there cōmeth round huskes almost like that huskes of Henebane in whiche is conteined the seede which is blacke like to the seede of Nigella Forte Ocimoides †The Place This herbe is found in certaine fruitefull fieldes or pastures alongst by the riuer of Mense In this countrey the Herboristes do plante it in their gardens †The Tyme It floureth from after Midsomer vntill September †The Names The Herboristes do call this herbe Vaccaria and it seemeth to be the herbe whiche is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimastrum and after the opinion of some as witnesseth Galen Philitaerium whiche is a kinde of Echium in Nicander it is called of Valerius Cordus Tamecnemum we may call it fielde Basill or Cowe Basill †The Nature The seede of Ocimastrum is hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede of Ocimastrum is good for such as are bitten of Serpentes Vipers and such other venemous beasts if it be dronken with wine Of Oke of Hierusalem Chap. lxxiij †The Description THis herbe at the first hath small leaues deepely cut in or iagged aboute and somewhat rough or hearie vnderneath the leafe is of a red purple colour afterward it putteth forth a straight or vpright stem of a foote long or more with diuers braunches on the sides so that it sheweth like a little tree The leaues that groweth thereon are long and deepely cut hearie and wrinckled fat or thicke in handling in proportion like to the first leaues sauing they be longer and nothing at all redde or purple vnderneath The seede groweth clustering about the branches like to the yong clusters or blowings of the grape or vine The roote is tender and hath hearie or threddie strings The whole herbe is of an amiable and pleasant smell and of a faynte yellow colour and whan the seede is ripe the plante dryeth and waxeth all yellow and of a more stronger sauour †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Fraunce by the waters or ryuer sides but it groweth not of him selfe in this countrey but whereas it hath ben sowen once it springeth vp lightly euery yeare after Botrys †The Tyme It beareth his clustering seede in August but it is beste gathering of it in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Botrys of some in Cappadocia as Dioscorides writeth Ambrosia vnknowen in Shoppes it is called in English Oke of Hierusalem and of some Oke of Paradise in French Pyment and Pyment Royall in high Douch Traubekraut and after the same in base Almaigne it is called Druyuencruyt that is to say Vine Blossom herbe †The Nature The Oke of Paradise is hoate and dry in the seconde degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues Oke of Paradise boyled in wine is good to be drōken of them whose breast is stopped and are troubled with the shortnesse of winde or breath and cannot fetche their breath easily for it cutteth and wasteth grosse humors and tough flegme that is gathered togither about the Lunges and in the breast It prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the termes if it be taken as is aboue sayde The same dryed is also right good to be vsed in meates as Hysope Tyme and other like hearbes yeelding vnto meates a very good taste and sauour Oke of Hierusalem dryed and layde in presses and Warderobes giueth a pleasant smell vnto clothes and preserueth them from mothes and vermin Of the kyndes of Mynte Chap. lxxiiij †The Kindes THe Mynte is diuers aswell in proportion as in his manner of growing whereof some be garden Myntes and some be wilde Myntes The garden Myntes are of foure sortes that is to say Curlde Mynte Crispe Mynte Spere Mynte and Harte Mynte The wilde Mynte is of two sortes that is the Horse Mynte and the Water Mynte ⧠The Description THE firste kinde of garden Myntes hath fouresquare browne redde and hearie stemmes with leaues almost rounde snipte or dented rounde about of a darke greene colour and of fauour very good and pleasant The floures are Crymsin or reddishe and do grow in knops about the stalke lyke whorles or like the floures of Pennyroyall The roote hath threddie stringes and creepeth alongst the ground putteth foorth yong shootes or springs yearely The second kind is very like vnto the first in his round swarte and sweete sauouring leaues also in his square stemmes and the creeping rootes in the grounde but his floures growe not in knoppes or whorles rounde aboute the stemmes but at the toppe of the stalkes lyke to a small spike or busshie eare The thirde kinde hath long narrow leaues almost like wythie leaues but they be greater whiter softer and hearie The floures grow at the top of the stalkes like spikie eares as in the second kinde The roote is tender with threddishe strings and springeth foorth in diuers places like to the others The fourth kinde
is like to the abouesayde in his leaues stalkes and roote but that his floures are not fasshioned like spykie eares growing at the toppes of the stalkes but they compasse grow round about the stalkes like whorles or garlandes like to the Curled or Crispe Mynte Menta satiua prima Curlde Mynte Menta satiua secunda Crispe Mynte or Crispe Balme Menta satiua tertia Spere Mynte or right garden Mynte The second wilde kinde whiche is the sixth in number of the Myntes and called water Mynte is much like vnto the Curlde Mynte in his stalkes leaues and creeping rootes sauing that his leaues stalkes be greater of stronger sauour The floures be purple growing at the top of the stalkes in small tuftes or knoppes like round bullets †The Place The garden Myntes are founde in this countrie in gardens especially the Curlde Mynte the which is most common and best knowen The wilde kindes do growe in lowe moyst places as neare vnto springs and on the brinkes of ditches ⧠The Tyme All the sortes of Myntes do floure most commonly in August †The Names The garden Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Mentha in Spanish Yerua Ortelana yerua buena in English Myntes in French Mente in high Douch Munte The first kind is called in high Douch Deyment and Kraunszdyment that is to say Curlde Mynte in French Mente crespue in base Almaigne Bruyn heylighe The second is also called of the high Douchmen Krausmuntz and Krauszbalsam that is to say in French Baulme crespu in English Crispe Baulme or Crispe Mynte also Crosse Mynte in base Almaigne Cruysmunte and of some also Heylighe The third kinde is called at this time in the Shoppes of this countrey Menta Sarracenica Menta Romana in English Spere Mynte or the cōmon garden Mynte also of some Baulme Mynte in French du Baulme and Mente Romayne in high Douch Balsam Muntz vnser frauwen Muntz Spitz muntz Spitzbalsam in base Almaigne Roomsche munte and Balsem munte Menta satiua quarta Harte Mynte Mentastrum Horse Mynte Sisymbrium Water Mynte The fourth kinde is called in high Douch Hertzkraut that is to say Harte wurte or Harte Mynte in French Herbe de cueur of the later wryters in Latine Menta Romana angustifolia Flore coronata siue Cardiaca Mentha The fifth wilde kinde which is the fifth kinde of Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mentastrum and of the newe writers Menta aquatica in English Horse Mynte in French Mente Cheualine ou sauuage in high Douche Katzenbalsam Roszmuntz wilder Balsam wild Muntz in base Almaigne Witte water Munte The seconde wilde kynde whiche is the sixthe Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium and of Damegeron Scimbron as Constantine the Emperour witnesseth in English Fisshe Mynte Brooke Mynte Water Mynte and white water Mynte in French Mente Aquatique in high Douch Fischmuntz Wassermuntz in base Almaigne Roo munte and Roo water munte †The Nature All the kindes of Myntes whiles they are greene are hoate and dry in the second degree but dried they are hoate in the thirde degree especially the wild kindes whiche are hoater then the garden Myntes †The Vertues Garden Mynte taken in meate or drinke is very good and profitable for the stomacke for it warmeth and strengtheneth the same and drieth vp all superfluous humors gathered in the same it appeaseth and cureth all the paynes of the stomacke and causeth good digestion Two or three branches of Myntes dronken with the iuyce of soure Pomegranets do swage and appease the Hicquet or yeoxe and vomiting and it cureth the cholerique Passion otherwise called the felonie that is whan one doth vomit continually and hath a laske withall The iuyce of Myntes drōken with vineger stayeth the vomiting of bloud and killeth the rounde wormes The same boyled in water and drōken by the space of three dayes togither cureth the gryping payne and knawing in the belly with the colique and stoppeth the inordinate course of the menstruall issue Mynte boyled in wine and dronken easeth women which are tomuch grieued with harde and perillous trauell in childebaring Mynte mengled with parched Barley meale and layde vnto tumors and sweuings doth wast and consume them Also the same layde to the forehead cureth headache It is very good to be applied vnto the breastes that are stretched foorth and swollen and full of milke for it slaketh and softeneth the same and keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest The same being very well pounde with Salte is a speciall medicine to be applied vpon the biting of madde Dogges The iuyce of Mynte mengled with honied water cureth the payne of the eares being dropped therein and taketh away the asperitie and roughnesse of the tongue whan it is rubbed or wasshed therewith The sauour or sent of Mynte reioyceth man wherefore they sow strow the wilde Mynte in this countrie in places whereas feastes are kepte and in Churches The Horse Mynte called Mentastrum hath not bene vsed of the Auncients in medicine The water Mynte is diuers wayes of the lyke operation vnto the garden Mynte it cureth the trenches or gryping payne in the small of the bellie or bowels it stayeth the yeoxe or hicket and vomyting and appeaseth headache to be vsed for the same purpose as the garden Mynte It is also singuler against the grauell and stone of the kydneys and against the strangury whiche is whan one cannot pisse but droppe after droppe to be boyled in wine and dronke They lay is with good successe vnto the stingings of Bees and Waspes Of Calamynt Chap. Ixxv. †The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Calamynt described of the Auncient Gretians each of them hauing a seuerall name and difference Calaminthae alterum genus Corne Mynte or wilde Pennyryall Calaminthae tertium genus Catmynte †The Description THE first kinde whiche may be called Mountayne Calamynte hath harde square stalkes couered with a certayne hoare or fine Cotton The leaues be somwhat like the leaues of Basill but they are rougher The floures grow onely by one side of the stalke amongst the leaues somtimes three or foure vpon a stem of a blewishe colour the roote is threddy This herbe altogither is not much vnlike the secōd kinde of Calamynte sauing it is greater the stalkes be harder and the leaues be rougher and blacker and it creepeth not alongst the grounde but groweth vp from the yearth The second kinde which is called wild Pennyryall hath also square stalkes couered with softe Cotton almost creeping by the ground hauing euer two and two leaues standing one against an other small and softe not much vnlike the leaues of Penny royall sauing they are larger whiter The floures grow about the stalkes in knoppes like to whorles or garlandes of a blewishe purple colour The roote is small and threddie The thirde kinde whiche is called
in vertues and operations may be alwayes vsed in steede of the great Balsaminte Of Sage Chap. lxxvij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sage the one is small franke the other is great The great Sage is of three sortes that is to say greene white and redde †The Description THE franke Sage hath sundry wooddie branches and leaues growing vpon long stemmes whiche leaues be long narrow vneuen hoare or of a grayishe white colour by the sides of the sayde leaues at the lower ende there groweth two other small leaues like vnto a payre of little eares The floures growe alongst the stalkes in proportion like the floures of Dead Nettell but smaller and of colour blewe The seede is blackishe and the roote wooddie The great Sage is not much vnlike the small or franke Sage sauing it is larger the stalkes are square and browne The leaues be rough vneuen and whitishe like to the leaues of franke Sage but a greate deale larger rougher and without eares The floures seede and roote are like vnto the other Saluia minor Franke Sage or small Sage Saluia maior Great Sage or broade Sage There is found an other kind of this great Sage the which beareth leaues as white as snow sometimes all white and sometimes partie white and this kinde is called white Sage Yet there is founde a thirde kinde of great Sage called redde Sage the stemmes whereof with the synewes of the leaues and the small late sprong vp leaues are all redde but in all things else it is like to the great Sage †The Place Sage as Dioscorides saith groweth in rough stonie places both kindes of Sage are planted almost in all the gardens of this countrie ⧠The Tyme Sage floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Saluia of some Corsaluium in Spanish Salua in English Sage in French Sange in high Douch Salbey in base Almaigne Sauie The first kinde is now called in Latine Saluia minor Saluia nobilis and of some Saluia vsualis in English Smal Sage Sage royall and common Sage in French Sauge franche in high Douch Spitz Salbey klein Salbey edel Salbey Creutz Salbey in base Almaigne Cruys sauie and Dorkens sauie The second kinde is called in Latine Saluia maior and of some Saluia agrestis in English great Sage or broade Sage in French grande Sauge in high Douch Grosz salbey Breat salbey in base Almaigne groue groote Sauie †The Nature Sage is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and somewhat astringent †The Vertues Sage boyled in wine dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone comforteth the harte and swageth head ache It is good for wemē with childe to eate of this herbe for as Aëtius saith it closeth the Matrice causeth the fruite to liue and strengtheneth the same Sage causeth wemen to be fertill wherefore in times past the people of Egypt after a great mortalitie and pestilence constreyned their wemen to drinke the iuyce thereof to cause them the sooner to conceyue and to bring foorth store of children The iuyce of Sage dronken with hony in the quantitie of two glasse fulles as saith Orpheus is very good for those whiche spitte and vomit bloud for it stoppeth the fluxe of bloud incontinent Likewise Sage brused and layde too stoppeth the bloud of woundes The decoction thereof boyled in water and dronken cureth the cough openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and swageth the payne in the side and boyled with wormewood it stoppeth the blouddy flixe Sage is good to be layde to the woundes and bitings of venimous beasts for it doth both clense and heale them The wine wherein Sage hath boyled helpeth the manginesse and itche of the priuie members if they be wasshed in the same Wild Sage Chap. lxxviij †The Description WOode Sage is somewhat like garden Sage in fasshion sauour it hath square browne stalkes set with a certaine kind of small heare the leaues are not much vnlike the leaues of great Sage but somewhat broader shorter and softer The floures are not much vnlike to the floures of Sage growing onely vpon one side alongst the branches euen vp to the very top of the same branches or stemmes of a whitisihe colour whan they are paste there commeth a rounde blackish seede The roote is threddie sendeth foorth new springs or branches euery yeare †The Place This kinde of Sage groweth in this countrey alōgst the hedges in woodes and the bankes or borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly Saluia agrestis †The Names This herbe is now called in Shops Saluia agrestis and Ambrosiana in high Douche wilde Salbey in base Almaigne wilde Sauie There are some that thinke it to be the seconde kynde of Scordium whiche Plinie describeth bycause that whan it is brused it sauoreth of Garlike and this is the cause why Cordus calleth it Scorodonia It is called in English woodde Sage wild Sage and Ambros in French Sauge de Boys †The Nature The woode Sage is hoate and dry meetely agreable in complexion vnto garden Sage †The Vertues Woode Sage dissolueth congeled bloud in the body and cureth inwarde woundes moreouer it wōderfully helpeth those that haue takē falles or haue bene sore brused and beaten if it be boyled in water or wine and dronken Woodde Sage taken in manner aforesayde doth consume and disgest inwarde impostems and tumers anoyding the matter and substance of thē with the vryne Of Clarey Chap. lxxix †The Description CLarye hath square stalkes with rough grayish hearie vneuen leaues almost like to the leaues of great sage but they are foure or fine times larger the floures be of a faynte or whitish colour greater than the floures of Sage Whan they are fallen of there groweth in huskes the seede which is blacke The roote is yellow of wooddie substance The whole herbe is of a strong and penetratiue sauour in somuch that the sauour of it causeth headache †The Place In this countrie they sow it in gardēs ⧠The Tyme Clary floureth in Iune Iuly a yeare after the first sowing thereof †The Names Clarie is now called in Latine and in Shoppes Gallitricum Matrisaluia Centrum galli and Scarlea oruala in English Clarye or Cleare-eye quasi dicas oculum clarificans in French oruale Toutebonne in high Douche Scharlach in base Almaigne Scarleye It seemeth to be a kind of Horminum but yet it is not Alectorolophos as some men thinke Gallitricum †The Nature Clarey is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues In what sorte or maner soeuer ye take Clarey it prouoketh the floures it expulseth the Secondine and stirreth vp bodely luste Also it maketh men dronke causeth headache therefore some Brewers do boyle it with their Bier in steede of Hoppes This herbe also hath al the vertues and properties of Horminum and
Almaigne rieckende Andoren in Italian Herba odoraea in Spanish Yerua olodera and Yerua de souto The fourth is now called in Latine Marrubium palustre in English Marrishe or water Horehounde in French Marrubin d'eau in high Douche wasser Andorn weiher Andorn in Brabant water Andoren and of some Egyptenaers cruyt that is to say the Egyptians herbe bycause of the Rogues and runnegates whiche call themselues Egyptians do colour themselues blacke with this herbe Some men make it the first kinde of Sideritis The three first kyndes of Horehounde are hoate in the seconde degree and dry in the thirde The water Horchounde is also very dry but without any manifest heate ⧠The Vertues The white Horehounde boyled in water and dronken doth open and comforte the Lyuer and the Melte or Spleene and is good against all the stoppings of the same it clenseth the breast the lunges also it is profitable against an olde Cough the payne of the side and the olde spitting of bloud against the Tysike and vlceration of the lunges The same takē with the roote of Iris causeth to spet out al grosse humors and tough flegmes that are gathered togither within the breast The same vertue also hath the iuyce thereof to be boyled togither with the iuyce of Fenill vntill the thirde parte be consumed and taken in quantitie of a spoonefull and it is also profitable against an olde Cough The white Horehounde boyled in wine openeth the Matrix or Mother and is good for women that cannot haue their termes or desired sicknesse it expulseth the Secondyne and dead children and greatly helpeth womē which haue harde and perillous trauell and is good for them that haue ben bitten of Serpentes and venemous beastes The iuyce of white Horehounde mingled with wine and Hony and dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight The same iuyce poured into the eares asswageth the payne and openeth the stoppings of the same It is also good to be drawen or snifte vp into the nose to take away the yellownesse of the eyes whiche remayneth after the Iaundice The leaues tempered with Hony is good to be layde vnto olde vlcers and corrupt vlcered nayles or agnayles whiche is a paynefull swelling aboute the ioyntes and nayles The same mēgled with Hennes greace resolueth and scattereth the swelling about the necke called Strumes The dryed leaues mengled or tempered with vineger do cure noughty virulent spreading vlcers The blacke Horehounde pounde is good to be applied and layde vpon the bytings of madde Dogges The leaues of the same rosted in a Call leaffe vnder the hoate immers or ashes do stoppe and driue backe the harde lumpes or swellings whiche happen to arise aboute the siege or fundament and layde to with hony they cure and heale rotten vicers Stachys or wilde Horehounde boyled and dronken causeth women to haue their floures bringeth forth the Secondine or afterbirth the dead fruyte Water Horehounde is not vsed in Medicine †The Daunger The white Horehounde is hurtfull both to the bladder and kidneys especially whan there is any hurte or exulceration in them Of Bawme Chap. lxxxij †The Kyndes VNder the title of Melissa are comprehēded both the right Bawme and the Bastard Bawme the whiche both are somewhat like to the Horehounde †The Description THe right Bawme hath square stalkes blackish leaues like to blacke Horehounde but a great deale larger of a pleasant sauour drawing towardes the smell of a Citron The floures are of Carnation colour The roote is single harde and of a wooddie substance The common Bawme is not much vnlike to the aforesayd sauing that his sauour is not so pleasant and delectable as the sauour of the right Bawme There is a certayne herbe bysides these the whiche some take for the right Bawme yet they are much deceyued that do so thinke it hath a square stalke with leaues like to common Bawme but larger and blacker and of an euell sauour the floures are white and much greater than the floures of the common Bawme the roote is harde and of wooddie substance Melissa vulgaris Bawme Melissophylli species Herba Iudaica A man may also place amongst these sortes of Bawme that herbe whiche ordinarily is called Herba Iudaica It hath square hearie stalkes diuided or parted into many branches The leaues be long and dented round about and smaller then the leaues of Sage alongst the toppes of the braunches groweth the floures of a fainte blew or whitishe colour The roote hath hearie strings All the herbe draweth towardes the sauour of Bawme or Melissa †The Place These herbes do grow in certaine countries in wooddes and in some countries ye shall finde them growing about olde walles sometimes also ye shall haue it growing by the way sides but now both sortes are plāted in gardens Herba Iudaica groweth in Fraunce and Flaunders in vntilled places in vineyardes and sometimes also alongst the hedges ⧠The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly The Iudaicall herbe floureth in Iuly and August †The Names Melisses is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apiastrū Melitaena and Citrago in Shoppes Melissa in English Bawme in Italian Cedronella Herba rosa in Spanish Torougil yerua cidrera in high Douch Melissenkraut and Mutterkraut in base Almaigne Confilie de greyn and Melisse The fourth kinde is called of some in Latine Herba Iudaica in English it may be called the Iudaicall herbe in French Tetrahil or Tetrahit some count it to be the first kinde of Sideritis called Sideritis Heraclea †The Nature These herbes are hoate and dry in the second degree and somewhat like to Horehounde but in vertue much feebler †The Vertues Bawme dronken in wine is good against the bitings and stingings of venemous beasts it comforteth the harte and driueth away all Melancholy and sadnes as the learned in these dayes do write Bawme may be vsed to al purposes wherevnto Horehounde serueth howbeit it is in all respects much weaker so that according to the opiniōs of Galen Paulus Aegineta it shoulde not be vsed for Horehounde in medicine but for wante of Horehounde in steede whereof Melissa may be alwayes vsed If a man put Bawme into Bee hyues or else if the Hyues be rubbed therewtal it keepeth Bees togither causeth other Bees to resorte to their cōpanie The cōmon Bawme is good for wemen whiche haue the strangling of the matrix or mother to be eyther eaten or smelled vnto The iuyce thereof is good to be put into greene woundes for it gleweth togither sodereth and healeth the same Of Rue / or Herbe grace Chap. lxxxiij †The Kyndes There are two sortes of Rue that is garden Rue and wilde Rue Ruta hortensis Herbe grace or garden Rue Ruta syluestris minima The small wilde Rue THe garden Rue hath rounde harde stemmes with leaues diuided into diuers other small roundish leaues of a gray or blewish colour and of a very ranke or strong sauour
The floures be yellow growing at the top of the branches after which there springeth vp square huskes conteyning the seede whiche is blacke The roote is of wooddie substance and yellow within This Rue lasteth both winter and sommer dieth not lightly The wilde Rue is much like to the other in his stalkes leaues floures seede colour taste and sauour sauing that euery little leafe his cuttes are a great deale narrower But there is yet an other kinde whiche is the least of all whose little leaues are very narrow and tender and of colour somewhat whiter than the reste Al this plante as the other wilde Rue is of a very grieuous sauour and cannot abide the colde but as the other wilde Rue so doth this perishe with the firste colde or smallest froste †The Place The tame Rue is planted in gardens and delighteth moste in dry groundes where as the Sonne shineth moste The wilde Rue groweth vpon the mountaynes of Cappadocia and Galatia in the lesser Asia in this couÌ„trie it is found sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme They do all floure in this country in Iuly and August and the seede is ripe in September †The Names Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta and of Apuleius Eriphion The garden Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta hortensis in Shoppes Ruta in English Rue of the garden and Herbe grace in Italian Rutta in Spanish La arruda in high Douch Zam Rauten wein Rauten in base Almaigne Wijn ruyte The wilde Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta syluestris and in some places as Apuleius sayth Viperalis in Shoppes Harmel in high Douche wald Rauten in base Almaigne wilde Ruyte †The Nature Rue is hoate and dry in the thirde degree But the wilde Rue especially that which groweth in mountaynes is a great deale stroÌ„ger then gardeÌ„ Rue †The Vertues The leaues of garden Rue boyled in water dronken causeth one to make water prouoketh the floures and stoppeth the laske The leaues of Rue eaten alone with meates or receyued with walnuttes and dryed figges stamped togither are good against all euil ayres and against the Pestilence and all poyson and against the bitings of vipers Serpentes The same pounde and eaten or dronken in wine helpeth them that are sicke with eating of venimous Tadstooles or Mousheroms The iuyce of Rue is good against the same mishappes and against the bytings and stingings of Scorpions Bees Waspes Hornettes and madde Dogges whan it is either dronken with wine or whan that the leaues be stamped with hony and salte and layde vnto the wounde The body that is annoynted with the iuyce of Rue or that shall eate of Rue fasting shal be as Plinie writeth assured against all poyson and safe from all venimous beastes so that no poyson or venimous beast shall haue powre to hurte him The same iuyce of Rue dronken with wine purgeth wemen after their deliuerance driueth forth the Secondine the dead childe the vnnatural birth Rue eaten in meate or otherwise vsed by a certayne space of Tyme quencheth and dryeth vp nature and naturall seede of man and the milke in the breastes of wemen that giue sucke Rue boyled with Dyll and dronken swageth the gnawing torment or griping payne of the belly called the trenches is good for the paynes in the side and breast the difficultie or hardnesse of breathing the cough the stopping of the lunges the Sciatica and against the riguor and violence of feuers Rue boyled in good wine vntill the halfe be sodden away is very good to be dronken of such as begin to fall into the Dropsie Rue eaten rawe or condited with Salte or otherwise vsed in meates cleareth the sight and quickeneth the same very much so doth also the iuyce therof layde to the eyes with hony the iuyce of fenill or by it selfe The leaues of Rue mengled with Barley meale asswageth the payne of the eyes being layde therevpon The iuyce of Rue warmed in the shell of a Pomgranete and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same mengled with oyle of Roses or oyle of Bayes Hony is good against the singing or ringing sounde of the eares whan it is often dropped warme into them The leaues of Rue pounde with oyle of Roses and vineger are good to be layde to the paynes of the head The same pounde with Baye leaues and layde too is good to dissolue and cure the swelling and blastings of the genitors The leaues of Rue mingled with wine Pepper and Nitre do take away all spottes of the face and clenseth the skinne and mengled with Hony and Allom it cureth the foule scabbe or naughtie Tetter The same leaues pouÌ„d with Swines greace doth cure all ruggednes of the skinne and the scurffe or roome of the head the Kings euill or harde swellings about the throote being applied and layde thereto Rue mengled with Hony doth mitigate the paynes of the ioyntes with figges it taketh away the swelling of the Dropsie The iuyce of Rue with vineger giuen to smell vnto doth reuiue and quickeÌ„ such as haue the Lethargie or the sleeping and forgetfull sicknesse The roote of Rue made into pouder and mengled with hony scattereth dissolueth congeled and clotted bloud gathered betwixte the skinne and the flesh and correcteth all blacke and blew markes scarres spottes that chaunce in the bodie whan they are anoynted or rubbed therewith The oyle wherein Rue hath bene sodden or long infused stieped doth warme and chaafe all colde partes or members and being annoynted or spread vpon the region of the bladder it prouoketh vrine and is good for the stopping and swelling of the spleene or Melte and giuen in glister it dryueth forth windinesse blastings and the gryping payne in the bowels or guttes Some write also that the leaues of Rue pounde and layde to outwardly vpon the Nose stancheth the bleeding of the same The iuyce of wilde Rue mengled with Hony wine the iuyce of fenill the gaule of a Henne quickeneth the sight remoueth al clowdes the pearles in the eyes Also the wilde Rue hath the like vertue as the Rue of the garden but it is of greater force in so much as the auncient Physitions would not vse it bicause it was so strong sauing about the diseases and webbes of the eyes in maner as is aboue writen Of Harmall / or wilde Rue Chap. lxxxiiij †The Description THis herbe hath three or foure stemmes growing vpright and in them are small long narrow leaues more tenderer and diuided into smaller or narrower leaues than the common or garden Rue the floures grow at the toppe of the stemmes or branches of colour white after whiche coÌ„meth triangled huskes coÌ„teyning the seede And this plante is of a very stroÌ„g and grieuous smell especially in hoate regions or countries where as it groweth of his owne kinde â€
the learned Ruellius Foeniculum Fenell †The Place Fenell groweth in this countrie in gardens †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names The first kynde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Actuarius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Foeniculum in Englishe Fenell in Italian Finochio in Spanish Finicho in French Fenoil in high Douch Fenchel in base Almaigne Venckel The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Foeniculum erraticum that is to say wilde Fenell and great Fenell and of some Fenell Giant †The Nature Fenell is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the first †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fenell eaten or the seede thereof dronken with Ptisan filleth wemens breastes or dugges with milke The decoction of the crops of Fenel drōken easeth the payne of the kidneys causeth one to make water to auoyde the stone bringeth downe the floures The roote doth the like the which is not only good for the intentes aforesayd but also against the Dropsie to be boyled in wine and dronken The leaues and seede of Fenell dronken with wine is good agaynst the stingings of Scorpions and the bitings of other wicked venimous beastes Fenell or the seede dronken with water asswageth the payne of the stomacke and the wambling or desire to vomite which such haue as haue the Ague The herbe the seede and the roote of Fenell are very good for the Lunges the Liuer and the kidneys for it openeth the obstructions or stoppings of those partes and comforteth them The rootes pounde and layde too with honie are good against the bytings of madde Dogges The leaues pounde with vineger are good to be layde to the disease called the wilde fire and all hoate swellings and if they be stamped togither with waxe it is good to be layde to bruses and stripes that are blacke and blewe Fenell boyled in wine or pounde with oyle is very good for the yearde or secrete parte of man to be eyther bathed or stued or rubbed and anoynted with the same The iuyce of Fenell dropped into the eares killeth the wormes breeding in the same And the sayde iuyce dryed in the Sunne is good to be put into Collyres and medicines prepared to quicken the sight Of Dill. Chap. xc †The Description DIll hath rounde knottie stalkes full of bowghes branches of a foote halfe or two foote long The leaues be all to iagged or frenged with small threddes not much vnlike to fenel leaues but a great deale harder and the strings or thredes therof are greater The floures be yellow grow in round spokie tuffets or rundels at the toppe of the stalkes like Fenell whan they are vanisshed there cōmeth the seede whiche is small and flat the roote is white and it dieth yearely †The Place They sowe Dill in al gardens amōgst wortes and Pot herbes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in the Shoppes Anethum in English Dil in Italian Anetho in Spanish Eueldo Endros in French Aneth in high Douch Dyllen Hochkraut in base Almaigne Dille †The Nature Dill is almost hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the second Anethum †The Vertues The decoction of the toppes and croppes of Dill with the seede boyled in water and dronken causeth wemen to haue plentie of Milke It driueth away ventositie or windinesse and swageth the blasting griping torment of the belly it stayeth vomiting and laskes and prouoketh vrine to be taken as is aforesayde It is very profitable against the suffocation or strangling of the Matrix if ye cause wemen to receyue the fume of the decoction of it thorough a close stole or hollow seate made for the purpose The seede thereof being well chauffed and often smelled vnto stayeth the yexe or hiquet The same burned or parched taketh away the swelling lumpes and riftes or wrincles of the tuell or fundement if it be layde thereto The herbe made into axsen doth restrayne close vp and heale moyste vlcers especially those that are in the share or priuie partes if it be strowed thereon Dill boyled in oyle doth digest and resolue and swageth payne prouoketh carnall luste and ripeth all rawe and vnripe tumors †The Daunger If one vse it to often it diminisheth the sight and the seede of generation Of Anyse Chap. xci ⧠The Description ANise hath leaues like to yong Persley that is new sprong vp his stalkes be rounde and hollow his leaues at the first springing vp are somewhat round but afterwarde it hath other leaues cut and clouen like to the leaues of Persley but a great deale smaller whiter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth diuers faire tuftes or spokie rundels with white floures like to the tuftes of the smal Saxifrage or of Coriandre After the floures are past there cōmeth vp seede which is whitish and in smell and taste sweete and pleasant †The Place Anise groweth naturally in Syria Candie Now one may find good store sowen in the gardens of Flaūders and Englande †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names Anise is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Anisum in Italian Semenze de Anisi ▪ in Spanish Matahalua yerua doce in high Douch Anisz in base Almaigne Anijs †The Nature The Anise seede the whiche onely is vsed in Medicine is hoate and dry in the thirde degree Anisum †The Vertues Anise seede dissolueth the windinesse and is good against belching and vpbreaking and blasting of the stomacke and bowels it swageth the paynes and griping torment of the belly it stoppeth the laske it causeth one to pisse and to auoyde the stone if it be taken dry or with wine or water and it remoueth the hicquet or yeox not onely whan it is dronken and receyued inwardly but also with the onely smell and sauour It cureth the blouddie flixe and stoppeth the white issue of wemen and it is very profitably giuen to such as haue the dropsie for it openeth the pypes and conduits of the Liuer and stancheth thirst Annise seede plentifully eaten stirreth vp fleshly lust and causeth wemen to haue plenty of Milke The seede chewed in the mouth maketh a sweete mouth and easie breath amendeth the stench of the mouth The same dried by the fier and taken with Hony clenseth the breast from flegmatique superfluities and if one put therevnto bitter Amandes it cureth the olde Cough The same dronken with wine is very good against al poyson and the stinging of Scorpions and biting of all other venimous beastes It is singuler to be giuen to infants or yong children to eate that be in danger to haue the falling sicknesse so that such as do but only hold it in their hāds as saith Pythagoras shall be no
more in perill to fall into that euill It swageth the squināce that is to say the swelling of the throte to be gargled with Hony Vineger and Hyssope The seede thereof bounde in a little bagge or handecarcheff and kept at the Nose to smell vnto keepeth men from dreaming and starting in their sleepe causeth them to rest quietly The perfume of it taken vp into the Nose cureth head ache The same pounde with oyle of Roses and put into the eares cureth the inwarde hurtes or woundes of the same Of Ameos / or Ammi Chap. xcij. †The Kindes AMeos is of two sortes according to the opinion of the Physitions of our time that is the great Ameos and the small ⧠The Description THe great Ameos hath a rounde greene stalke with diuers bowes braunches the leaues be large and long parted into diuers other little long narrow leaues and dented rounde aboute At the top of the stalke there groweth white starlike floures in great rundels or spokie tuftes the whiche bringeth forth a small sharpe and bitter seede The roote is white and threddie The small Ameos is an herbe very small and tender of a foote long or somwhat more The stalke is small tender The first and oldest leaues are long and very much cut and clouen round aboute The vpper leaues draw towards the proportion of the leaues of Fenell or Dill but yet for all that they are smaller At the toppe of the stalke there groweth also in spoky littell tuffets or rundels the small little white floures the whiche afterwarde do turne into small gray seede hoate and sharpe in the mouth The roote is little and small †The Place These two herbes grow not in this countrie of themselues without they be sowen in the gardens of Herborists Neuerthelesse whereas they haue bene once sowen they grow yearely of the seede whiche falleth of it selfe †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August and shortely after they yeelde their seede †The Names The first kinde is called in Shoppes Ameos by whiche name it is knowen in this countrie The same as we thinke is the right 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ammi described by Dioscorides who calleth it also Cuminum Aethiopicum Cuminum regium as Ruellius saith Cuminum Alexandrinum The small is taken of diuers of the learned writers in our dayes for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ammi and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter Ammi commune Great Ameos Ammi paruum Small Ameos †The Nature The seede of Ameos is hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The seede of Ameos is very good against the griping payne and tormēt of the belly the hoatepisse and the strangurie if it be dronken in wine It bringeth to wemen their naturall termes and the perfume thereof togither with Rosin and the kernels of Raysons strowed vpō quicke coales mundifieth and clenseth the Mother if the same be taken in some hollow vessell or close stoole It is good to be dronken with wine agaynst the bytings of all kindes of venimous beastes they vse to mingle it with Cantharides to resist the venim of the same bycause they should not be so hurtefull vnto man as they are whan they are taken alone Ameos breyed and mengled with Hony scattereth congeled bloud and putteth away blacke blew markes whiche happen by reason of stripes or falles if it be layde too in manner of a playster †The Daunger The seede of Ameos taken in to great a quantitie taketh away the colour and bringeth such a paalnesse as is in dead bodies Of Caruwayes Chap. xciij †The Description CAruway hath a hollow straked or crested stalke with many knots or ioynts the leafe is very like to Carot leaues The floures are white and grow in tuffets or rundels bearing a small seede and sharpe vpon the tongue The roote is meetely thicke long and yellow in taste almoste like vnto the Carot †The Place Caruway groweth in Caria as Dioscorides writeth Now there is of it to be found in certayne dry medowes of Almaigne In this countrie it is sowen in gardens †The Tyme It floureth in May a yeare after the sowing thereof and deliuereth his seede in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Careum or Carum in Shops and in Italian Carui and it tooke his name of the coūtrie of Caria whereas it groweth plentifully in English it is called Caruway and the seede Caruway seede in French Carui or Carotes in Spanishe Alcaranea Alcoronia in high Douche Weisz Kummel in base Almaigne Witte Comijn Caros †The Nature Caruway seede is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Caruway seede is very good and conuenient for the stomacke and for the mouth it helpeth digestion and prouoketh vrine and it swageth and dissolueth all kinde of windinesse and blastings of the inwardes partes And to conclude it is answereable to Annis seede in operation and vertue The rootes of Caruway boyled are good to be eaten like Carottes Of Comijn Chap. xciiij †The Kyndes Comyn as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes tame and wilde Cuminum satiuum Garden Comyn Cuminum syluestre Wilde Comyn ⧠The Description THe Garden Comyn hath a streight stem with diuers branches the leaues be all iagged and as it were thredes not much vnlike Fenell The floures grow in rundels or spokie toppes like to the toppes of Anyse Fenell and Dill. The seede is browne and long The wilde Comyn as Dioscorides saith hath a brittle stalke of a span lōg vpon whiche groweth foure or fiue leaues all iagged snipt or dented rounde about and it is not yet knowen The other wilde kinde whereof Dioscorides writeth shal be hereafter described in the lxxxvj Chapter amongst the Nygelles or Larke spurres †The Place The garden Comyn groweth in Ethiopia Egypte Galatia the lesser Asia Cilicia and Terentina They do also sowe it in certayne places of Almaigne but it desireth a warme and moyst grounde †The Names The common garden Comyn is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cuminum satiuum in Shoppes Cyminum in English Comyn or Comijn in Italian Cimino in Spanish Cominos Cominhos in French Comyn in high Douch Romische Kummel and zamer Kummel in Brabante Comijn The wilde Comyn is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Syluestre Cuminum and Cuminum rusticum †The Nature The seede of Comyn is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Comyn scattereth and breaketh all the windinesse of the stomacke the belly the bowels and Matrix also it is singuler against the griping torment and knawings or frettings of the belly not onely to be receyued at the mouth but also to be powred into the bodie by clysters or to be layde to outwardly with Barley meale The same eaten or dronken is very profitable for suche as haue the Cough and haue taken colde and for
blumen that is to say S. Catharines floure of some Waldt schwartz kumich some learned men thinke it to be wilde Comyn whereof we haue written in the lxxxiiij Chapter of this Booke The thirde kinde is now called Melanthium Damascenum and Nigella Damascena that is to say Damaske Nigella in French Nielle de Damas in high Douch Schwartz Coriander †The Nature The seede of Nigella is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede of Nigella dronken with wine is a remedie against the shortnesse of breath it dissolueth and scattereth all ventositie and windinesse in the body it prouoketh vrine floures it increaseth womans milke if they drinke it often The same slayeth and driueth out wormes whether it be dronken with wine or water or else layde to the Nauell of the belly The same vertue hath the oyle that is drawen forth of Nigella seede to annoynt the region of the belly and nauell therewith The quantitie of a Dramme of it dronkē with water is very good against all poyson and the biting of venimous beasts The onely fume or smoake of Nigella tosted or burnt driueth away Serpents and other venimous beasts and killeth Flies Bees and Waspes The same mingled with the oyle of Ireos and layde to the forehead cureth the head ache and oftentimes put into the Nose is good against the webbe bloudshotten of the eyes in the beginning of the same The same well dried and pound and wrapped in a piece of Sarsenet or fine linencloath and often smelled vnto cureth all Murres Catharrhes poses drieth the brayne and restoreth the smelling being lost And boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth swageth the tootheache and if one chewe it being well dried it cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth It taketh out Lentils Freckles and other spottes of the face and clenseth foule scuruinesse and itche and doth soften olde colde and harde swellings being pounde with vineger and layde vpon The same stieped in olde wine or stale pisse as Plinie saith causeth the Cornes and Agnayles to fall of from the feete if they be first scarified and scotched rounde aboute †The Daunger Take heede that ye take not to much of this herbe for if ye go beyonde the measure it bringeth death Turner lib. secundo fol. 10. Of libanotis Rosmarie Chap. xcvij. †The Kyndes LIbanotis as Dioscorides writeth is of twoo sortes the one is frutefull the other is barren Of the frutefull sorte there is two or three kindes ⧠The Description THe first frutefull kinde hath leaues as Dioscorides saith very much diuided and cut lyke vnto Fenell leaues sauing they be greater and larger moste commonly spread abroade vpon the grounde amongst them groweth vp a stalke of a cubite that is a foote and halfe long or more vpon whiche grow the floures in spokie tuffets like Dill and it beareth great round cornered seede of a strong sauour and sharpe taste The roote is thicke and hearie aboue and sauoring like Rosin The seconde kinde hath a long stalke with ioyntes like the Fenell stalke on whiche growe leaues almoste like Charuill or Homlocke sauing they be greater broader and thicker At the toppe of the stalkes groweth spokie tuffets bearing white floures the whiche do turne into sweete smelling seede flatte and almost like to the seede of Angelica and Brank vrsine The roote is blacke without and white within hearie aboue and sauereth like to Rosin or Frankencence There is yet an other sorte of these fruteful kindes of Libanotis the which is described by Theophrastus Lib .ix. Chapt .xij. It hath also a straight stalke with knottes and ioyntes and leaues greater than Marche or Smallache The floures grow in tuftes like as in the two other kindes bringe foorth great long and vneuen seede which is sharpe in taste The roote is long great thicke and white with a certayne kinde of great thicke heare aboue and smelleth also of Frankencence or Rosin Libanotidis alterum genus Libanotis Theophrasti The barren Libanotides as Dioscorides writeth are like to the frutefull in leaues rootes sauing they beare neither stalkes floures nor seede The other kinde of Libanotis called Rosmarinum coronarium in English Rosmarie hath bene already described Chap. lxxv of this Booke †The Place The frutefull Libanotides are now founde vpon the high mountaynes hilles and desertes of Germany ⧠The Tyme These herbes do floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Libanotis bicause that his roote sauoreth like the Encens which is called in Greke Libanos in Latine Rosmarinus The first kind as Dioscorides writeth is called of some Zea and Campsanema in Shoppes Faeniculus porcinus in high Douche Beerwurtz in base Almaigne Beerwortel that is to say Beers roote The seede therof is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canchrys or Cachrys The second kinde is called in high Douch Schwartz hirtzwurtz that is to say blacke Harte roote The thirde is described of Theophrastus wherefore we haue named it Libanotis Theophrasti in high Douch weisz Hirtzwurtz that is to say white Hartes roote the seede of this kinde is also called of Theophrastus Canchrys or Cachrys †The Nature These herbes with their seedes and rootes are hoate and dry in the second degree and are proper to digest dissolue and mundifie †The Vertues The rootes of Libanotis dronken with wine prouoketh vrine floures healeth the griping paynes and torment of the belly and are very good against the bytings of Serpents and other venimous beasts The seede of Libanotis is good for the purposes aforesayde Moreouer it is singuler good against the falling sicknesse and the olde and colde diseases of the breast They vse to giue it to drinke with pepper against the Iaūders especially the seede of the seconde kynde of Libanotis for as touching the seede of the first kinde called Cachrys it is not very good to be taken into the bodie seing that by his great heate and sharpnesse it causeth the throote to be rough and grieuouse The leaues of al the Libanotides pounde do stoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or Pyles and do souple the swellings and inflammations of the tuell or fundement and it mollifieth and ripeth all olde colde and harde swellings being layde therevpon The iuyce of the herbe and rootes put into the eyes with hony doth quicken the sight and cleareth the dimnesse of the same The dry roote mengled with Hony doth scoure and clense rottē vlcers and doth consume and waste all tumors or swellings The seede mengled with oyle is good to annoynt them that haue the Crampe and it prouoketh sweate The same mengled with Yuray meale and vineger swageth the payne of the goute when it is layde thereto It doth also clense and heale the white dry scurffe and manginesse if it be layde on with good strong vineger They lay to the forehead the seede called Cachrys
against the bloudshotten or watering eyes Of Seseli Chap. xcviij †The Kindes SEseli as Dioscorides writeth is of three sortes The first is called Seseli Massiliense The second Seseli Aethiopicum The third Seseli Peloponnese †The Description THe first kinde of Seseli named Massiliense his leaues are very muche clouen and finely iagged but yet they be greater and thicker than the leaues of Fenell the stalke is long and high with knottie ioyntes and beareth tuffets at the toppe like to Dill and seede somewhat long cornered sharpe and biting The roote is long like to the roote of the great Saxifrage of a pleasant smell as Dioscorides writeth and sharpe taste The seconde Seseli as Dioscorides saith hath leaues like Iuye but smaller and longer drawing neare to the proportion of Woodbine leaues The stalke is blackishe of three or foure foote long and ful of branches The floures are yellow and grow in spokie rundels like Dill. The seede is as great as a wheate Corne thicke swarte and bitter And this is counted to be the Ethiopian Seseli although in deede it is not the right Ethiopian Seseli Seseli Massiliense Seseli Aethiopicum Seseleos species The thirde is Seseli Peloponnense which hath a straight long stalke like Fenell or longer and groweth higher then Seseli of Marsiles The leaues are all to cut and parted into diuers other small leaues yet greater and larger than the leaues of Homlock The seede groweth likewise in spokie toppes and is broade and thicke Amōgst the kindes of Seseli we may place that strange herbe which is foūd in the gardens of certayne Herboristes It hath at the first broade leaues spread vpō the grounde very tender finely iagged The stalke is aboute foure or fiue foote long with knottie ioynts and round like to a Fenel stalke but a great deale slenderer and of a faynt greene colour changing towards yellow The leaues that grow at the knots or ioyntes of the stalkes do bende and hang downewardes but especially the highest except a few smal leaues whiche grow betwixt the others they grow vpward The toppes of the stalkes and branches are full of small spoky tuffets bearing yellow floures and afterwarde seede The roote is long and lasteth many yeares †The Place The first kinde as writeth Dioscorides groweth in Prouence and especially about Marsels wherfore it is called Seseli of Marsels The second groweth as witnesseth the sayd Dioscorides in Ethiopia and it groweth also meetely plentifully in Prouence and Languedoc The third kinde groweth in Peloponneso the whiche is now called Morea and it lieth in Greece and is now vnder the Empire and dominion of the Turcke The fourth is found vpō certayne Mountaynes of Lombardie a man shall also finde it as some say in certayne places of Brabant ⧠The Tyme The first floureth twise a yeare in the spring and Autumne The second thirde and fourth do floure in Autumne †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Massiliense of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Latum Cuminum which is as much to say in English as large and broade Comyn The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Aethiopicum and of Egyptians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyonos phrice The third kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Seseli Peloponnēse that is to say Seseli Peloponnense The fourth hath no speciall name sauing that some take it for a kinde of Seseli and some for Libanotis †The Nature The seede and roote of Seseli are hoate and dry in the second degree and of subtile partes ⧠The Vertues The seede dronken with wine comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and driueth away the gnawing and griping of the belly it cureth the shakings and brusing of a Feuer and is very good against the shortnesse of breath an old Cough to be short it is good for al the inwarde partes It prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie and hoate pisse it prouoketh the menstruall Termes expulseth the dead childe and setteleth in his naturall place againe the Matrix or Mother that is risen out of his place It is much worth vnto them that haue the falling sicknesse The traueler that drinketh the seede of Seseli with Pepper and wine shal not complayne much of colde in his iourney The same giuen vnto Goates and other foure footed beasts to drinke causeth them easilie to deliuer their yōg ones The same propertie hath the leaues to be giuen to the cattell to eate Of Seseli of Candie Chap. xcix †The Description THis is a tender herbe about the length of a foote and halfe his branches are tender and small and set but with a fewe leaues whiche be very small iagged and cut At the toppe of the branches growe the little spokie tuffets or rundels with white floures the whiche being past there commeth seede whiche is redde round and flatte garnished or compassed aboute with a white border two seedes growing togither one against an other eache of them hauing the shape and proportion of a Target or Buckler The roote is small and tender and dieth yearely so that it muste be euery yeare new sowen againe †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon the Mountayne Amanus in Cilicia it is to be found in this countrie in the gardēs of some diligent Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Paulus Egineta 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tordylium Seseli Creticum in English Seseli of Candy vnknowen for the most parte in Shoppes †The Nature The seede of Seseli of Candie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The seede of Tordylion dronken in wine prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie causeth wemen to haue their moneths or termes Tordylion The iuyce of it drōken in the quātitie of a drāme boyled with good wine by the space of tenne dayes cureth the disease of the raynes of kidneys The roote thereof mengled with Hony and often licked vpon causeth to spitte out the tough and grosse Phlegmes that are gathered aboute the breast and lunges Of Daucus Chap. c. †The Kyndes MEn do finde three sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Daucus as Dioscorides all the Auncients do write whereof the third is onely knowen at this day ⧠The Description THe firste kinde of Daucus is a tender herbe with a stalke of a spanne long set with leaues a great deale smaller and tenderer than Fenell leaues At the toppe of the stalke groweth little spokie tuffets with white floures like to the tops of Coriander yeelding a little long rough white seede of a good sauour and a sharpe taste The roote is of the thicknesse of ones finger and of a spanne long The seconde kinde is like
to wilde Persley the seede whereof is of a very pleasant and Aromaticall sauour and of a sharpe and byting taste both these kindes are yet vnknowen The thirde kinde as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like Coriander white flouresrand a tufte or spokie bushe like to wilde Carot and long seede For this kinde of Daucus there is now taken the herbe whiche some do call wilde Carrot other call it burdes nest for it hath leaues like Coriander but greater and not muche vnlike the leaues of the yellow Carrot His floures be white growing vpon tuffets or rundels like to the tuffets of the yellow Carrot in the middle whereof there is founde a little small floure or twayne of a broune redde colour turning towardes blacke The seede is long and hearie and sticketh or cleaueth fast vnto garmēts The roote is small and harde †The Place The firste kinde groweth in stony places that stād full in the Sunne especially in Candy as Dioscorides writeth The third kinde groweth euerywhere in this countrie aboute the borders of fields in stony places by the way sides †The Tyme The third kinde of Daucus floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The Daucus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Daucum and Daucium The first kind is called Daucum Creticum that is to say Daucus of Candie The third kinde is called in Shoppes Daucus of some also Daucus Creticus in English Daucus and wilde Carrot in Frēch Carrotte sauuage in high Douch Vogelnest that is to say Birdes nest in base Almaigne Croonkēs cruyt the same is but a certayne wilde Carrot Dauci tertium genus †The Nature The seede of Daucus is hoate and dry almost vnto the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The seede of Daucus dronken is good against the strangurie and painefull making of water against the grauell the stone it prouoketh vrine floures and expulseth the dead fruyte and Secondine It swageth the torment and griping payne of the bellie dissolueth windinesse cureth the Colique and ripeth an old Cough The same taken in wine is very good against the bitings of venimous beasts especially against the stingings of Phalanges or fielde spiders The same pounde and layde to dissolueth scattereth colde softe swellings and tumors The roote of Daucus of Candie dronken in wine stoppeth the laske and is a soueraigne remedie against venim and poyson Of Saxifrage Chap. ci †The Kyndes The Saxifrage is of two sortes great and small †The Description THe great Saxifrage hath a long hollow stalke with ioyntes or knees whereon groweth darke greene leaues turning towards blacke made fashioned of many small leaues growing vpon one stem after the order of the garden Carrot or Parsenip but much smaller each little leafe alone is snipt round about the edges saw-fashiō the floures are white grow in roūd Cronettes or spoky tuffets The seede is like to common Parselie seede sauing that it is hoater and byting vpon the tongue The roote is single white and long like the Parselie roote but sharpe and hoate in taste like Ginger Saxifragia maior The great Saxifrage Saxifragia minor The small Saxifrage The small Saxifrage is altogither like the great in stalkes leaues floures and seede sauing that it is a great deale smaller and of a greater heate and sharpnesse The roote is also long and single of a very hoate and sharpe taste There is yet an other small Saxifrage like to the aforesayde in stalkes floures seede and roote and in proportion smacke and smell sauing his leaues are deeper cut and of an other fasshion not much vnlike the leaues of Parselie of the garden or the wilde Parselie †The Place The great Saxifrage groweth in high medowes and good groundes The smal Saxifrages growe vnder hedges and alongst the grasie fieldes in dry pastures both these kindes are very common in this countrie †The Tyme Saxifrage floureth after Iune vnto the ende of August and from that time foorth the seede is ripe †The Names The Saxifrage is called in Latine and in the Shoppes of this countrie Saxifragia and Saxifraga of Symon Iannensis Petra findula of some Bibinella in high Douch Bibernell and Feldmoren in base Almaigne Beuernaert and Beuernelle There be some also whiche call it Bipennula Pimpinella and Pampinula the whiche is the peculier or proper name of our Burnet described in the xcv Chapter of the first booke and doth not apperteyne vnto these herbes as it appeareth by this olde Verse Pimpinella pilos Saxifraga non habet vllos that is to say Pimpinell or Burnet hath heares but Saxifrage hath none Whereby it appeareth that our Pimpinell commonly called in Englinsh Burnet which hath certayne fine heares appearing in the leaues whan they are broken was called in times paste in Latine Pimpinella and this whiche hath no hearinesse at all was called Saxifragia Some learned men of our time traueling to bring the small Saxifrage vnder certayne Chapiters of Dioscorides do call it Sison and others Petroselinum Macedonicum The third sorte wolde haue it a kinde of Daucus But in my iudgement it is much like to Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bunium †The Nature Saxifrage with his leaues seede and roote is hoate and dry euen to the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede roote of Saxifrage dronken with wine or the decoction thereof made in wine causeth to pisse well breaketh the stone of the kidneys and bladder and is singular against the strangurie and the stoppings of the kidneys and bladder The roote bringeth to women their termes driueth forth of the Matrix the Secondine and the dead fruyte if it be taken in maner aforesayde The roote dried and made into pouder and taken with Sugar comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and cureth the gnawing and griping paynes in the belly and the Colique by dryuing away ventositie or windinesse The same with the seede are very good for them whiche are troubled with any Conuulsion or Crampe and Apoplexie and for such as are troubled with long colde Feuers and for them that are bitten with any venimous beast or haue taken any poyson The same dronken with wine and vineger cureth the Pestilence and holden in the mouth preserueth a man from the sayde disease and purifieth the corrupt ayre The same chewen vpon maketh one to auoyde much flegme and draweth from the brayne all grosse and clammy superfluities it swageth toothache and bringeth speach againe to them that are taken with the Apoplexie It hath the same vertue if it be boyled in vineger alone or with some water put thereto and afterwarde to holde it in the mouth The iuyce of the leaues of Saxifrage doth clense and take away all spots and freckles and beautifieth the face and leaueth a good colour It mundifieth corrupt and rotten vlcers if it be put into them The same vertue hath the leaues brused and layde vpon The destilled water alone or with vineger cleareth
of Ligusticum Then there are two kindes of Ligusticum the one whiche is the right Ligusticum described by the Auncientes And the other whiche may be a bastarde or wilde kinde of Ligusticum ⧠The Description THE right Ligusticum described by Dioscorides is in his roote lyke to the first kinde of Panax it hath slender stalkes with ioyntes like vnto Dill. The leaues are lyke to the leaues of Melilot but they be softer and of a better sauour whereof the vppermost leaues are tenderest and more iagged or cut At the top of the stalkes groweth the seede in spokie tuffetes the whiche is harde and longe almost like to Fenell seede of an aromaticall or Spycie sauour and in taste sharpe and byting The roote is white and odoriferous much lyke to the roote of the first kinde of Panax Neuerthelesse it is not yet knowen in this Countrie The other herbe whiche is taken in this Countrie for Ligusticum hath great large odoriferous leaues muche iagged and cut almost lyke to the leaues of Angelica but a great deale larger fayrer and of a deeper greene colour deeper cut and more clouen The stalke is smooth rounde holowe and ioyntie of the length of a man or more with spokie rundels or tuffetes at the top of the stalkes bearing a yellow flower and a round flat broade seede larger then Dyll seede and smaller then Angelica seede The roote is long and thicke and bringeth foorth yerely newe Stemmes Ligusticum verum The right Louage Ligusticum vulgare The common Louage †The Place The right Ligusticum groweth in Liguria vppon the mount Apennian neare to the Towne or Citie of Genues and in other mountaynes there about The seconde kinde is planted in our gardens †The Tyme Louage flowreth most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names The first and right kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Galien 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ligusticum and of some also as Dioscorides writeth Panaces by the which name it is yet knowen in the Shoppes of Genues in the Shoppes of Flaunders they call it Siler Montanum in Englishe Louage in Frenche Liuesche and in Douch Ligusticum The seconde kinde is called in Shoppes Leuisticum and the Apothecaries vse it in steede of the right Ligusticum in Englishe Louage in Frenche Leuesse or Liuesche in Douche Liebstockel in Brabant Lauetse and Leuistock †The Nature Ligusticum is hoate and dry in the thirde degree Louage is also hoate and drye and of qualitie muche like to Ligusticum †The Vertues The roote of Ligusticum is very good for all inwarde diseases driuing away all ventositie or windinesse especially the windinesse of the stomacke and is good agaynst the byting of Serpentes and al other venimous beastes The same roote well dried and dronken with wine prouoketh vrine and the menstruall termes it hath the same vertue if it be applyed to the secrete place in a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The seede of Ligusticum warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and is pleasant to the mouth and taste wherfore in times past the people of Genues dyd vse it in their meates in stede of Pepper as some do yet as witnesseth Antonius Musa The roote and seede of louage dryed and dronke in wine doth drie vp and warme the stomacke easeth trenches or griping payne of the belly driuing away the blastinges and windinesse of the same The same roote and seede do moue vrine and the naturall sicknesse of women whether they take it inwardly or whether they bathe them selues with the decoction thereof in some hollowe seate or stue To conclude the louage in facultie and vertues doth not differ much from Ligusticum and it may be vsed without error in steede thereof The distilled water of louage cleareth the sight and putteth away all spottes lentiles or frecles and rednesse of the face if it be often wasshed therewith Of Angelica Chap. cvij. †The Kyndes ANGELICA is of two sortes that is the garden and wilde Angelica †The Description THE garden Angelica hath great broade leaues diuided agayne into other leaues which are snipt and dented about much like to the highest leaues of Spondilium or Douch Branck vrsine but they be tenderer longer greener and of a stronger sauour Amongst those leaues springeth vp the stalke three yeeres after the sowing of the seede the whiche stalke is thicke and ioyntie hollowe within and smelleth almost like to Petroleum At the top of the stalkes groweth certayne little felmes puffed or bolne vp lyke to small bladders or bagges out of which commeth the spokie toppes or rundels almost like vnto the tops of Fenell bearing white floures afterward great broade double seede muche greater then Dill seede and like to the seede of the thirde kinde of Sesely The roote is great and thicke blacke without white within out of which when it is hurt or cut there floweth a fat or oylie liquor like gomme of a strong smell or taste The wilde Angelica is like to that of the garden sauing that his leaues are not so deepely cut or clouen and they be narrower and blacker The stalkes be muche slenderer and shorter and the floures be whiter The roote is a great deale smaller and hath more threddie stringes and it is not by a great deale of so strong a sauour †The Place The tame Angelica is sowen and planted in the gardens of this Countrie The wilde groweth in darke shadowy places alongest by water sides and wooddes standing lowe †The Tyme The two kindes of Angelica do flower in Iuly and August Angelica Satiua Garden Angelica Angelica Syluestris Wilde Angelica †The Names This herbe is called in Englishe Angelica in Frenche Angelique in high Douch Angelick des heylighen gheistswurtzel oder Brustwurtz in the shoppes of Brabante Angelica There is yet none other name knowen to vs. †The Nature Angelica especially that of the garden is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The late writers say that the rootes of Angelica are contrarie to all poyson the Pestilence and all naughtie corruption of euill or infected ayre If any body be infected with the Pestilence or plague or els is poysoned they giue him straightwayes to drinke a Dram of the powder of this roote with wine in the winter and in sommer with the distilled water of Scabiosa Carduus Benedictus or Rosewater then they bring him to bedde and couer him well vntill he haue swet well The same roote being taken fasting in the morning or but only kept or holden in the mouth doth keepe and preserue the body from the infection of the Pestilence and from all euyll ayre and poyson They say also that the leaues of Angelica pounde with the leaues of Rue and honie are very good to be layde vnto the bitinges of mad Dogges Serpentes and Vipers if incontinent after his hurt he drinke of the wine wherin the roote or leaues of Angelica haue boyled Of Horestrange or Sulphurwort Chap. cviij †The
vpon Carbuncles and Pestilentiall botches and tumors breaketh the same especially after that it hath ben soked in vineger and mingled with leccayne It swageth tooth ache being put into the hollownesse of perished teeth or rather as Mesue sayth to be boyled in vineger and holdē or kept in the mouth Being layd to the eyes alone or mingled with Collyries made for the purpose it cleareth the sight With this gumme and Pitche they make a playster the whiche is very singuler agaynst the bytinges of al wilde and mad beastes being layd therevnto Of Laserpitium / and Laser Chap. cxij. †The Description LAserpitium by that we may gather of Theophrastus Dioscorides is an herbe that dyeth yerely his stalke is great and thicke lyke Ferula the leaues be lyke Persley and of a pleasant sent The seede is broade as it were a little leafe it hath a great many rootes growing out of one head which is thicke and couered with a blacke skinne From out of these rootes and stalkes being scarified and cut floweth a certayne strong liquor the which they drie and is verie requisite in medicine and it is called Laser but it is not all of a sorte nor in al places alyke for it chaungeth in taste sauour and fashion according to the places where as the Laserpitium groweth The sappe or liquor that floweth out of the Laserpitium growing in Cyrene is of a pleasant sauour and in tast not very grieuous so as in tymes past men dyd not onely vse it in shoppes for Physick but also in fine Cakes Iunkettes and other meates as Plinie writeth That whiche floweth out of the Laserpitium that groweth in Media and Syria is of a very lothsome and stinking sauour †The Place Laserpitium groweth on the high mountaynes and desertes of Cyrene and Aphrica and this is the best and chiefest and it yeeldeth a liquor which is very good and of a pleasant smell It groweth also in Syria Media Armenia and Lybia but the iuyce or liquor thereof is not so good but is of a very lothsome detestable and abominable smell †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Laser and Laserpitium of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Magudaris especially that whiche yeeldeth no liquor as in Lybia The stalkes of the right Laserpitium are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Silphium The rootes are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Magudaris The first leaues that spring vp out of the ground are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maspetū The iuyce or liquor of Laserpitium is called in Latine Laser and of the Arabian Physitions Asa or Assa The iuyce whiche floweth from the stalkes is called of Plinie Caulias and of Gaza the interpreter of Theophrastus Scaparium Laser That whiche floweth from the rootes is called Rhizias of Gaza Radicarium Laser The sweete sauering gumme or liquor is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Succus Cyrenaicus or Laser Cyrenaicum of some Asa Adorata vnknowen in Shoppes for that whiche they take for Laser as all the learned men of our tyme thinke is called of the Apothecaries Gummi benzui or Belzui or Assa dulcis in Englishe Belzoin or Benzoin in Frenche Benioin and it is not Laser but the gumme or liquor of a certayne great tree to vs vnknowen as the trauelers do affirme and as it doth manifestly appeare by the thicke peeces of barke and wood which is often found in and amongst the Benzoin that it cannot be the gumme or liquor of an herbe that perisheth yerely That Laser whiche commeth from Media is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Medicum or Succus Medicus That whiche commeth from Syria is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Syriacum These two last recited kindes of Laser that come from Syria and Media bycause of their lothsome sauour are called of the Arabian Physitions and Apothecaries Assa foetida in Englishe also Assa fetida in high Douche Teufels dreck that is to say Deuilles durt it is called in Brabant by a very strange name Fierilonfonsa †The Nature Laserpitium especially the roote is hoate and drie in the thirde degree Laser is also hoate and drie in the thirde degree but it exceedeth muche the heate of the leaues stalkes and rootes of Laserpitium †The Vertues The rootes of Laserpitium are very good as Dioscorides and Galen writeth to be dronken against alpoyson and a little of the same eaten with meat or taken with salte causeth one to haue a good and sweete breath The leaues of this plante as Plinie writeth boyled in wine and dronken mundifieth the Matrix and driueth foorth the Secondine and the dead fruit The rootes well pounde or stamped with Oyle scattereth clotted blood taketh away blacke and blewe markes that come of bruses or stripes cureth and dissolueth the kinges euill and all harde swellinges and Botches the places being annoynted or playstered therewith The same roote made into powder and made into a playster with the Oyle of Ireos and waxe doth both swage and cure the Sciatica or gowte of the hippe or huckle bone The same boyled with the pilles of pome Granattes and vineger doth cure the Hemorhoides and taketh away the great wartes all other superfluous outgrowinges about the fundement It hath the same vertue if one foment or bathe the fundement with the Decoction of the same rootes boyled in water They do also mundifie and clense the breast it dissolueth and ripeth tough flegme and it is very profitable against an olde cough comming of colde to be taken with hony in maner of a Lohoc or electuarie They prouoke vrine they mundife and clense the kidneyes and bladder they breake and driue foorth the Stone they moue the flowres and expulse the Secondine and the dead fruit If they be holden in the mouth and chewed vpon they swage tooth ache and drawe from the brayne a great quantitie of humours The liquor or gumme of Laserpitium especially of Cyrene broken and dissolued in water and dronken taketh away and cureth the hoarsenesse that cōmeth sodenly and being supt vp with a reare Egge it cureth the cough and taken with some good broth or supping it is good against an olde Pleurisie Laser cureth the Iaunders and Dropsie taken with dryed figges It is very good agaynst Crampes and the drawing togyther or shrincking of sinewes and other members to be taken the quantitie of a scruple and takē with Pepper Myrthe it prouoketh the flowres and driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruit To be taken with Hony and vineger or with Syrupus Acetosus it is singuler agaynst the falling sicknesse It is good against the flixe of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakenesse of the stomacke which disease is called in Latine Coeliacus morbus with the skinne or rather the kernelles of raysons It driueth away the shakinges shiueringes of agues to be dronken with Wine Pepper
flowers vppon short stemmes which be of a fayre browne purple colour and of a good sauour somwhat like Nardus fashioned like the flower of a Granat tree called Balaustia or Cytinus which is the buddes of Balaustia and somewhat lyke the cuppes or huskes of Henbane The rootes be smal long and crookedly layd ouerthwaxt here and there with diuers small hearie stringes of a pleasant sharpe sauor and taste byting the tongue †The Place It delighteth in shadowy places and rough dry groundes especially in thependent or hanging of hilles mountaynes in thicke darke wooddes and commonly vnder the Haselles as Cordus sayth It is alwayes greene and springeth anew and floureth in the spring time and it floureth agayne at the ende of Sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in shoppes Asarum of some Nardus rustica Perpenla Macer calleth it Vulgago it is called in English Asarabacca and folefoote it may also be called Haselworte in Frenche Cabaret in Germanie Haselwurtz in Brabant Haselwortel and of some Mansooren Asarum †The Nature Asarabacca is hoate and drie in the thirde degree especially the roote whiche is most vsed in Physicke †The Vertues The roote of Asarabacca boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine and is good against the strangurie the cough the shortnesse of breath and difficultie of breathing Conuulsions and Crampes and the shrinking togyther of members The same taken in lyke manner is profitable against venome and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of Serpentes and all venemous beastes The same boyled in wine is good for them that haue the Dropsie and the Sciatica The same dronken with honied wine bringeth downe the menstrual fluxe expelleth the Secondine and other superfluities of the mother The leaues of Asarabacca stamped with wine and strayned and the iuyce thereof dronken causeth to vomite and purgeth by vomiting tough flegme and choler The same leaues stamped are good to be applyed or layde to the ache and dolors of the head to the inflammation of the eyes and to womens breastes that are to full of milke whan they list to drie vp the same and it is good to be layde to the disease called the wilde fire especially at the beginning Of Dragons Chap. vi †The Kyndes THere are three sortes of Dragons as Plinie writeth that is to say the great and the smal and a certayne third kinde growing in waterie places 1. Dracunculus maior The great Dragonwurt 2. Dracunculus minor The smaller Dragonwurt 3. Dracunculus palustris Water Dragonwurt †The Description THe first kinde called the great Dragon or Serpentarie beareth an vpright stalke of a cubit long or more thicke rounde smothe and speckled with diuers colours and spottes lyke to an Adder or Snakes skinne The leaues be great and large compackt or made of sixe seuen or moe leaues whereof eache single leafe is long lyke to a Sorrell or Docke leafe sauing they be very smothe and playne At the top of the stalke groweth a long hoose or huske lyke to the hoose or codde of Aron or Wake Robin of a greenish colour without and of a darke red or purple colour within and so is the clapper or pestill that groweth vp within the sayde huske the whiche is long and thicke and sharpe poynted peeked lyke to a hornet whose fruit by increase waxeth so as it streatcheth and at length breaketh out of a certayne skin or velme the sayde fruit appeareth like to a bunche or cluster of grapes first greene and afterwarde red as fier the berries or grapes wherof are full of iuyce or liquor in which is a certayne smal harde seede The roote of this Dragon is lasting thicke and white and growen lyke to a Bulbus Onyon couered with a thin pil and of the quantitie of a pretie apple and bearded with diuers little white heares or stringes and oftentymes there is ioyning to it other small rootes whereby it is multiplyed The smaller Dragon in his leaues his huske or codde his pestill or clapper his berry and grape is like vnto Aron or Cockowpint sauing that his leaues are not marked with blacke but with white spottes Neyther do they perish so soone as Aron but they growe togyther with their berries euen vntyl winter Their berries also are not fully so redde but are of a certaine yellowish red The roote is not muche vnlike Aron white and rounde lyke an Onyon and hath certayne hearie threddes hanging by it with certayne small rootes or buddes of newe plantes The roote of water Dragon is not round after the order of Bulbus but it is a long creeping roote full of ioyntes and of a reasonable thicknesse out of whose ioyntes springeth vp the stalkes of the leaues whiche are smoth without and spungie within but downewardes towardes the grounde the sayd rootes sendeth out of their said ioyntes certaine smal hearie rootes The fruit groweth aboue vppon a shorte stem and commeth foorth with one of the leaues compassed about with small white thrōmes or threddes at the first which is the blowing and afterward it groweth foorth into a cluster which is greene at the first and waxeth red whan it is rype smaller than the grape or cluster of Arons berries but as sharpe or byting The leaues be large greene fine smoth fashioned like Iuy leaues yet smaller thē the leaues of Cockowpint or Aron But that leafe in which the cluster of berries groweth is smallest of al on the vpper part or syde next the fruit it is white 4. Dracunculus Matthioli Matthiolus Dragonwurte Besides the aforesayde Dragons there is an other kinde placed of Matthiolus with great large leaues growing folden and lapped one within an other with an vpright stalke and beareth at the toppe a certayne blossome or flower lyke to a spyke eare The roote is also round lyke the others as ye may perceiue by the figure Surely this kinde of Dragō if any such be to be found is rather a kinde of Bistort howbeit there be that thinketh this figure to be false and fayned †The Place The first Dragonwort groweth well in shadowie places and in this Countrie they plante it in gardens The seconde also delighteth in shadowie places vnder hedges and is found plentifully growing in the Ilandes called Maiorque and Minorque This thirde kinde groweth in moyst waterish places in the brinkes of diches and floting waters and also alongst the running streames and riuers †The Tyme They flowre in Iuly and in August the fruit is ripe †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Dracunculus maior of some Serpentaria and Colubrina in Shoppes Serpentaria maior of Serapio Luf in English Dragons and Dragons wurte in French Serpentaire or Serpentyne in Germanie Schlangekraut Drachenwurtz in Brabāt Speerwortele and Drakenwortele The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dracunculus minor and of some late writers
Arum maculatum in Englishe small Dragonwurte and speckled Aron The thirde is nowe called Dracunculus palustris fiue aquatilis in Englishe water Dragon or Marshe Dragon in Frenche Serpentaire d'eau or aquatique in high Douche Wasser Schlangenkraut wasser Drachenwurtz in base Almaigne water Draken wortele The fourth set downe of Mathiolus for the great Dragonworte in my iudgement is none of the Dragonwurtes but that is the right great Dragonwurt the which we haue described and set in the first place it is thought there is no such herbe to be founde as Mathiolus figure doth represent †The Nature These herbes but especially their rootes and fruit are hoate and drye in the thirde degree †The Vertues The rootes of these herbes eyther boyled or rosted mingled with hony and afterward licked is good for them that can not fetche their breath and for those that are vexed with dangerous Coughes and Catarrhes that is to say the Distillation and falling downe of humours from the brayne to the breast and agaynst conuultions or Crampes for they diuide ripe and consume all grosse and tough humours and they of scoure and clense al inwarde partes They haue the like power whan they are three or foure times boyled vntyl they haue lost their acrumonye or sharpnesse to be afterwarde eaten in meates as Galen saith The same dried and mingled with hony scoureth malignant and fretting vlcers that are harde to cure especially if it be mingled with the roote of Brionye and it taketh away all white spottes and scuruinesse from any parte of the body that is rubbed therewithall The iuyce of the roote of the same putteth away all webbes spottes from the eyes and it is good to be put into Collyres and Medicines that are made for the eyes The same dropped into the eares with oyle taketh away the paine greefe of the same The fruit of Dragons cureth virulent and malignant vlcers consumeth and eateth away the superfluous flesh called Polypus that groweth in the Nose and it is good to be layde vnto Cankers and suche like fretting and consuming vlcers The freshe and greene leaues are good to be layde vnto freshe and greene woundes but they are not profitable whan they be dryed It is thought of some that if cheese be laid amongst Dragon leaues it will preserue the same from perishing and rotting Dioscorides writeth that it is thought of some that those whiche carrie about them the leaues or rootes of great Dragonwurtes cannot be hurt nor stong of Vipers and Serpentes Of Aron / Calfes foote or Cockowpynt Chap. vij †The Description COckowpynt hath great large smoth shining sharpe poynted leaues much larger than Iuy leaues spotted with blackish markes of blacks and blew amongst them riseth a stalke of a spanne long spotted here there with certaine purple speckles and it carieth a certayne long codde huske or hose open by one syde like the proportion of a haares eare in the middle of the sayd huske there groweth vp a certayne thing lyke to a pestel or clapper of a darke murry or wanne purple colour the whiche after the opening of the velme of huske doth appeare whan this is gone the bunche or cluster of beries also or grapes doth at length appeere which are greene at the first and afterwarde of a cleare or shining yellowish red colour lyke Corall and full of iuyce in eache of the sayde berries is a smal harde seede or twaine The roote is swelling rounde lyke to a great O life or smal bulbus Onion white and full of Pith or substaunce and it is not without certayne hearie stringes by it with much increase of small yong rootes or heades †The Place Aron groweth vnderhedgis and cold shadowie places Arum †The Tyme The leaues of Aron do spring foorth in Marche and Aprill and they perishe and vanishe in Iune and Iuly so as nothing remayneth sauing onely the stalke and naked fruit in Iuly in August and after the fruit waxeth rype †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arum in Shoppes Iaron and Barba Aron of some Pes vituli of the Assyrians Lupha of the Cyprians Colocasia as amongst the bastardes and counterfet names where as it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie affirmeth in the xvj Chapter of his xxiiij booke that there is much controuersie about Aron and Dragonwortes and some affirme it to be the same and so call it Serpentariam minorem in Englishe also it is commonly called Aron Priestes pyntill Cockowpintell also Rampe and Wake Robyn in Frenche Pied de veau and Vit de Prestre in Italian Gigaro in Spanishe Yaro in Germanie Pfaffen pint and Teutschen iugbeer in Brabant Papecullekens and Calfsvoet †The Nature Aron is of complexion hoate and drie and as Galen sayth it is hoater in one region than in an other for that which groweth in Italie is only hoate in the first degree or almost in the seconde degree but that which groweth in this Countrie is hoate in the thirde degree †The Vertnes The rootes leaues and fruit of Aron are in power and facultie much lyke vnto Serpentaria or that kinde of Dragonwortes that groweth in this Countrie the whiche is very hoate as we haue sayde Of Arisarom Chap. viij †The Kyndes THere is nowe founde two kindes of Arisarom whereof one hath broade leaues and the other narrowe Arisarum latifolium Broadleaued Arisaron Arisarum angustifolium Narrowleaued Arisaron ⧠The Description THE first and right Arisarom hath leaues fashioned like Aron sauing they be muche smaller sharpepoynted somwhat fashioned like Iuy-leaues his stalke is smal and slender his huskie couering is but litle and his pestill or clapper small of a blackishe purple colour his grape or berie whan it is ripe is red The kernelles are smal The roote is also white and fashioned like Aron sauing it is smaller The seconde Arisaron hath fiue or sixe or mo long narrowe smothe and shining leaues his huskie bagge or hose is long and narrowe the long tayle or slender pestill that groweth out of the sayde huske is somewhat bigger than a rushe and of a blackish purple so is part of the lining or inside of the huske to the which at the last there groweth a lowe euen by the ground and somtimes deeper a certayne small number of kernelles or berries growing togyther in a little bunche or cluster like grapes which are greene at the first as the others be and afterwarde red The roote is also rounde and white lyke the other †The Place Both of these plantes are strangers in Germanie and this Countrie But the first kinde groweth in Italy specially in certayne places of Tuscane the other groweth about Rome and in Dalmatia as Aloisius Anguillara witnesseth ⧠The Tyme Both of these plantes do beare their flowres and seede at suche tymes and seasons as Aron and Dragons do †The Names The first of
these plantes is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arisarū we may also call it in English Arisaron Plinie in his xxiiij booke and xvj Chap. calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saying there is an Aris growing in Egypt like vnto Aron but it is smaller both in leaues and roote and yet the roote is as bigge as an Olife But the other Arisaron was vnknowen of the olde writers Yet that it is also a kinde of Arisaron it is manifest aswel in the flowers fruit rootes as also in the qualities †The Nature Arisaron is of a hoater and dryer complexion than Aron as Galen writeth ⧠The Vertues Arisaron also in vertue and operation is lyke to Dragonwortes and the roote thereof is proper to cure hollowe vlcers and paynefull sores as Dioscorides writeth they also make of it Collyria and playsters good agaynst Fistulas It rotteth and corrupteth the priuie members of all liuing thinges being put therein as Dioscorides writeth Of Centorie Chap. ix †The Kyndes CEntorie as Dioscorides writeth is of two sorts that is to say the great and the smal the whiche in proportion and quantitie are muche differing one from the other †The Description THE great Centorie hath rounde stemmes of two or three Cubites long it hath long leaues diuided into sundry partes lyke vnto the walnut tree leaues sauing that these leaues are snipt dented about the edges lyke a Sawe The flowers be of small hearie threddes or thrommes of a lyght blewe purple colour and they growe out of the scalye knoppes at the toppes of the braunches the whiche knoppes or heades are rounde and somewhat swollen in the neather parte lyke to a peare or small Hartichock in whiche knoppes togyther with a certayne kinde of Downe or Cotton are founde the long rounde smoth and shining seede like the seede of Cartamus or Bastarde Saffron and our Ladyes Thistel The roote is long grosse thicke and brickle of a blackish colour without and reddish within full of iuyce of sanguin colour with sweetnesse and a certayne byting Affriction Of this great Centorie there is an other kinde whose leafe is not diuided or iagde into partes or peeces but after the manner of a Docke leafe it is long and broade single and not cut into partes yet it is nickt snipt rounde about the edges Sawe fashion The stalke is shorter than the other The flowers seede and roote is lyke the other Centaurium magnum The great Centorie Centaurium minus The smal Centorie †The Place The great Centorie delighteth in a good and fruitfull grounde and grasie hilles k playnes Dioscorides sayth it groweth in Lycia Peloponneso Arcadia Helide Messenie and in diuers places of Pholoen Smyrna that stande high and well agaynst the Sunne It is also founde vpon the mounte Garganus or Idea in the Countrie of Apuleia and in the feelde Baldus vppon the mountaynes nere Verona but that which groweth in the mount Baldus is not so good as that of Apuleia as Matthiolus writeth The single or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne and the rootes being brought to Antwarpe and hyther do sometime grow being planted in our gardens The small Centorie groweth in vntoyled feeldes and pastures but especially in dry groundes and it is common in the most places of Englande and also in Italie and Germanie †The Tyme The great Centories do flower in sommer and their rootes must be gathered in Autumne The small Centorie is gathered in Iuly and August with his flowers and seede †The Names The great Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centauriū magnum Theophrastus also calleth it Centaurida in Shoppes it is wrong named of some Rha Ponticum for Rha Ponticum is that kinde of Rha which groweth in the Countrie of Pontus and it is a plant muche differing from the great Centaurie There be also other names ascribed vnto the great Centorie which are fayned and counterfayted as Apuleius writeth wherof some seeme to apparteine to the lesser Cētorie as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Herculis sanguis Vnefera Fel terrae Polyhydion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The smal Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centaurium paruum and Centaurium minus of some Febrifuga Fel terrae and Multiradix of the Apothecaries Centauria minor in Italie and Hetruria Biondella in Spanish Cintoria in Germanie Tausenguldenkraut in Brabant Santorie and cleyn Santorie in French Petite Centaure †The cause of the Name Centorie was called in Greeke Centaurion and Chironion after the name of Chiron the Centaure who first of all founde out these two herbes taught thē to Aesculapius as Apuleius writeth And as some other write they were so named bycause Chiron was cured with these herbes of a certayne wounde whiche he tooke being receiued as a ghest or straunger in Hercules house or lodging by letting fall on his foote one of Hercules shaftes or arrowes as he was handling and vewing of the sayde Hercules weapon and armour †The Nature The great Centorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree also astringent The lesse or small Centorie is of complexion hoate and drie in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of great Centorie in quantitie of two Drammes taken with water if there be a feuer in wine if there be no feuer is good for them that are bursten and for them that spet blood and agaynst the Crampe shrinking of any member the shortnesse of winde and difficultie of breathing the olde cough and griping paynes or knawinges of the belly The same dronken in wine bringeth downe the monethes or womens natural termes and expulseth the dead fruit as it doth also being conueyed in at the naturall place as a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The greene roote of great Centorie stamped or the drie roote soked in water and brused doth ioyne togyther and heale al greene and fresh woundes being layde and applyed therevnto The iuyce of the roote the which they gather and keepe in some countries hath the lyke vertue as the roote it selfe The roote of the small or lesse Centorie is to no purpose for Medicine but the leaues flowers and iuyce of the same are very necessarie The smal Centorie boyled in water or wine purgeth downewardes Cholerique flegmatique grosse humours and therefore it is good for such as are greeued with the Sciatica if they be purged with the same vntyll the blood come It is very good agaynst the stoppinges of the liuer against the Iaundise and agaynst the hardnesse of the Melte or Splene The decoction of Centorie the lesse dronken killeth wormes and driueth them foorth by siege It is also very good against conuultions and Crampes and al the diseases of the sinewes The iuyce therof taken applied vnder in a Pessarie prouoketh the flowers and expulseth the dead childe The same with
hony cleareth the sight and taketh away the cloudes and spottes of the same being dropped or distilled into the same and it is very good to be mingled with all Collyries and medicines that are made for the eyes The small Centorie greene pounde and layde to doth cure and heale freshe and newe woundes and closeth vp and sodereth olde malignant vlcers that are harde to cure The same dried reduced into powder is profitable to be mingled amongst oyntmentes playsters powders and suche lyke medicines as are ordayned to fyll vp with flesh fistulas and holowe vlcers and to mollifie and soupple all hardnesse Of Reubarbe / or Rhabarba Chap. x. †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Rha or as it is nowe called Reubarbe not so muche differing in proportion but their diuersitie is altogyther in the places wher as they are found growing For one kind of it groweth in Pontus and is called Rha Ponticum The seconde groweth in Barbaria and is therefore called Rhabarbarum and it is the common Reubarbe The third commeth from beyonde the Indians out of the regions of China and it is that whiche the Arabians call Raued Seni. ⧠The Description RHA as it is thought hath great broade leaues lyke to the leaues of Tapsus Barbatus or white Mollin or lyke to the leaues of of Clot Burre snipt and dented rounde about the edges like to a saw greene and smothe aboue and white and fryzed vnderneath Amongst them springeth vp a round straight stalke of a cubite long and at the top thereof groweth a fayre scaly knop or head the which whan it bloweth and openeth sheweth foorth a fayre purple flower and afterwardes it beareth seede not muche vnlyke the seede of the great Centorie sauing it is somewhat longer The roote is long thicke and spungie or open and being chewed it yeeldeth a yellowish colour lyke Ocre or Saffron †The Place Rha groweth in the Regions about Bosphorus and Pontus by the riuer Rha and in Barbaria in the Countrie of China We haue found here in the gardens of certaine diligent Herboristes that strange plant whiche is thought of some to be Rha or Rhabarbarum Rha. Reubarbe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune †The Names This herbe specially the roote is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Arabian speeche Rheu ▪ and Raued or Rauet of Plinie in Latine Rhacoma Rhecoma That whiche groweth about Bosphorus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rha Ponticum or Rheon Pōticum of Mesue Raued Turcicum that is to say Rha of Turkie The second which groweth in Barbarie is called Rha Barbarum of Mesue and the Apothecaries Rheu barbarum The third kinde called Chinarum is called also Rha or Rheum Seniticum and Rheum Indicum and of the Arabians Raued Seni. †The Nature Rha is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second and of an astringent or binding nature †The Vertues The roote of Rhaponticum as saith Dioscorides is good against the blastinges wamblinges and the debilitie or weakenesse of the stomacke and all the paynes of the same Moreouer it is singuler agaynst conuulsions and Crampes or agaynst the diseases of the liuer and splene agaynst the gnawing or griping tormentes of the belly the kidneyes and bladder Also agaynst the akyng paynes of breastes and Mother and for suche as are troubled with the Sciatica the spitting of blood sobbing yeoxing it is good also agaynst the blooddie flixe and the laske and against the fittes of feuers and the bitinges and stinginges of all sortes of venimous beastes For the same purpose it is giuen the quantitie of a Dragme with Hydromel or honied water in a feuer with syrupe Acetosus against the diseases of the splene or melt with honied wine it is good against the diseases of the breast it is taken drie without any moysture agaynst the weakenesse or loosenesse of the stomacke The roote of Rha Pontike stamped and mingled with vineger cureth the vile white scurffe or manginesse clenseth the body from pale or wan spottes or the Morphew being straked or annoynted with the same Reubarbe and Raued Seni as Mesue writeth taken in quantitie of a Dramme purgeth downewardes cholerique humours wherefore they are good against all hoate feuers inflammations and stoppinges of the liuer and the Iaunders especially to be giuen or ministred with whaye or any other refreshing or cooling drinke or potion Reubarbe of him selfe or of his owne proper nature is also good against al manner of issue of blood eyther aboue or below and is good for them that are hurt or burstē inwardly and against greeuous falles and beatinges against Crampes and the drawing togyther of any part or shrinking of sinewes Also it cureth the blooddy flixe al manner laskes being first a litle tosted or dried agaynst the fire and dronken with some astringent liquor as the iuyce of Plantayne or grosse and thicke redde wine ⧠The Choice THe best Rha as Mesue writeth is that which is brought frō beyond India groweth in the Countrie of Chinae called Raued Seni. The next to that is the Reubarbe of Barbarie that which is of the least vertue is the Rha Pōtike Of Sowbread Chap. xi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Cyclamen as Dioscorides writeth The one is a lowe plant with a round roote and is called Cyclamen Orbiculatum The other groweth high and wrappeth it selfe about shrubbes and plantes and it hath no notable roote and it is called Cyclaminus altera †The Description CYclaminon which we may cal round Sowbread hath broade leaues spread vpon the grounde with peaked corners lyke to Iuy leaues and slightly dented round about the edges and of a swart or darke greene colour aboue yet powdered or garnished with white speckes or spots and the middle part of the sayde leafe is somewhat white but that syde of the leafe whiche is next the grounde is purple colour but sometimes deeper and sometimes lighter The flowers hang vppon tender stalkes nodding or beckning downewardes and their leaues turning vpwardes or backwardes in colour lyke to the purple violet but not so faire and of but a little or no sauour There folowe small knoppes with seede growing vpon small stalkes that are winded or turned two or three tymes about The roote is turned rounde lyke to a Turnep or Bulbus roote and somewhat flat or pressed downe with diuers hearie stringes by it and it is blacke without and white within in withering it gathereth wrinckles The second Cyclaminon or Sowbread his leaues be also broade and nothing peaked or angled but in a manner rounde and nothing speckled vppon or at least wayes very harde to be perceiued they be also of a sadde or blackish greene colour but vnderneath of a red purple colour The flowers are lyke to the first but of a better sauour The roote is somewhat smaller The third kinde also hath leaues without corners but they be somwhat
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
doth also bring foorth long stalkes with knottes or ioyntes it is muche longer than the aforesayd kinde hauing long leaues narrow at the top and broade beneath where as they be ioyned to the stalke The flowers of this kinde be of an orient or cleare redde colour and do growe in tuffetes almost lyke Valerian The roote is long white and thicke and wel sauouring The Polemonium wherof Absyrtus speaketh is the Horse minte described in the seconde booke Polemonium Been album Polemonij altera species †The Place Both these kindes grow vpō mountaines in rough stony places men plant them here in gardens †The Tyme These herbes do flower in Iune Iuly †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Polemonium Polemonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chiliodynamis that is to say a hundred vertues or properties in shops as witnesseth Bernardus of Gondonio Herba tunica of Herboristes at this day Behen or Beën album Yet notwithstanding this is not that kinde of Behen wherof Serapio writeth in his CCxxiij Chapter The seconde is also taken for Polemonium is called of Herboristes Behen rubrum this herbe should seeme to be Narcissus wherof Virgil in his Georgiques and Columella in hortis maketh mention †The Nature Polemonium is of complexion dry in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues Te roote of Polemonia dronken in wine is good agaynst the blooddy flyxe and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venimous beastes The same drunken in water prouoketh vrine and helpeth the strangury and paynes about the huckle bone or hanche Men vse it with vineger against the hardnesse and stoppinges of the melt or splene and to all such as are by any meanes greeued about the melt The same holden in the mouth and chewed taketh away tooth ache The same pounde layde to cureth the stinginges of Scorpions in deede it hath so great strength against Scorpions that whosoeuer do but holde the same in his hande cannot be stong or hurt by any Scorpion All these last recited vertues from B. to E. are not found in the last Douch copy Yet they be all in my French copy the which I haue and is in diuers places newly corrected and amended by the Author him selfe Of English Galangall Chap. xxiij ⧠The Description CYperus leaues are long narrow and hard The stalke is triangled of a cubite long in the top wherof groweth litle leaues white seede springing out The roote is long interlaced one within an other hauing many threddes of a browne colour and sweete sauour Besides this there is found another kinde like to the aforesayd in leaues and stemmes but it hath no lōg rootes but diuers round little rootes of the bignesse of an Olyue ioyning togither And of this sort Dioscorides hath written One may wel place amongst the kindes of Cyperus the litle rootes called Trasi of the Italians for their leaues be somewhat like the leaues of Cyperus but they be smaller narrower the rootes be almost like to smal nuttes or like the silke wormes wrapped rounde in their silke before they turne into Mothes or Butterflyes and hang togither plenteously by little smal threds these rootes be sweet in taste almost like Chestnuts Cyperus English Gallangal †The Place Cyperus as witnesseth Dioscorides groweth in low moyst places is not commonly founde in this Countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme This herbe bringeth foorth his spikie top seede with leaues in Iune and Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyperus Cypirus and Cyperis of some Aspalathum Erysisceptrum in shoppes Cyperus of Cornelius Celsus Iuncus quadratus of Plinie Iunculus angulosus and Triangularis in Frenche Souchet in Douche wylden Galgan in English Galangal The rootes called Trasos are also named of them that write now Dulcichimū in Spayne Auellanada of the commons of Italy as is aforesaid Trasi Trasci Some learned men thinke that this is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mamiras wherof Paulus Aegineta writeth which Auicen calleth Memirem or rather 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Holoconitis of Hippocrates †The Nature The roote of Cyperus or English Galangal is hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The rootes of Cyperus boyled and dronke prouoketh vrine bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse driueth foorth the stone and is a helpe to them that haue the Dropsi The same taken after the same manner is a remedy against the stinging and poysons of Scorpions and agaynst the cough It is also good agaynst the coldnesse and stoppinges of the mother if the belly be bathed warme ther withall The same made into powder closeth vp and healeth the olde running sores of the mouth and secrete partes although they eate and waste the flesh if it be strowed therein or layde therevpon with wyne It is customably and also with great profite put into hoate oyntments and playsters maturatiue The seede of Cyperus dronken with water as Plinie sayth stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and all the superfluous running foorth of womens flowers but if to much thereof be taken it engendreth headache Of white Hellebor or Nesewurte Chap. xxiiij †The Description THe white Ellebor hath great broad leaues with ribbes or sinewes like the leaues of the great Plantayne or Gentian The stalke is rounde two or three foote high at the vpmost part wherof groweth alongest and rounde about the top the flowers one aboue another pale of color diuided into sixe little leaues the which haue a greene line ouerth wart The same being passed there commeth in their places smal huskes wherin is cōteyned the seede the roote is rounde as thicke as a mans finger or thombe white both without and within hauing many thicke laces or threddy stringes †The Place White Hellebor groweth in Anticyra neare about the mountayne Deta and in Capadocia Syria but the best groweth in Cyrene The Herboristes of this Countrie do set it in their gardens †The Tyme White Hellebor flowreth in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly Veratrum album †The Names This kind of Hellebor is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Veratrum album in shoppes Helleborus albus of some Pignatoxaris Sanguis Herculis in Frēch Ellebore blanc in high Douche Weisz Nieswurtz in base Almaigne Witte Nieswortel or wit Niescruyt in English White Hellebor Neseworte and Lingwort †The Nature The roote of Ellebor is hoate and drye in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of white Ellebor causeth one to vomit vp mightily and with great force all superfluous slymie venemous and naughtie humours Likewise it is good agaynst the falling sicknesse Phrensies olde payne of the head madnesse sadnesse the gowt and Sciatica all sortes of dropsies poyson and agaynst all colde diseases that be harde to cure and suche as wyll not yeelde to any medicine But as concerning the preparation thereof before it
be ministred to any and also in what sort the body that shall receiue it ought to be prepared it hath ben very well and largely described by diuers olde Doctors wherof I minde not to intreate bycause the rules to be obserued be so long that they cannot be comprehended in fewe wordes for they may well fyll a booke and bycause Galen teacheth that one ought not to minister this vehement and strong roote in inwarde medicines but onely to apply the same outwardly Therefore it is good to be vsed agaynst all roughnesse of the skinne wylde scurffe knobbes foule spottes and the leprey if it be layde thereto with Oyle or Oyntmentes The same cut into gobbins or slices and put into fistulas taketh away the hardnesse of them The same put vnder in manner of a Pessarie bringeth downe flowers and expelleth the dead childe The powder thereof put into the nose or snift vp into the same causeth snesing warmeth and purgeth the brayne from grosse slymie humours causeth them to come out at the nose The same boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth swageth toothache and mingled with eye midicines doth cleare and sharpen the sight The roote of Hellebor pounde with meale and hony is good to kill Myse and Rattes and suche lyke beastes and to driue them away lykewyse if it be boyled with mylke and Waspes and Flyes do eate thereof it killeth them for whatsoeuer doth eate of it doth swell and breake and by this we may iudge howe perilous this roote is †The Daunger White Ellebor vnprepared and taken out of time and place or to muche in quantitie is very hurtfull to the body for it choketh and troubleth all the inwarde partes draweth togyther and shrinketh al the sinewes of mans body and in fine it sleaeth the partie Therfore it ought not to be taken vnprepared neyther than without good heede and great aduisement For such people as be either to yong or to old or feeble or spit blood or be greeued in their stomackes whose breastes are straight and narrowe and their neckes long suche feeble people may by no meanes deale with it without ieobardie and danger Wherfore these landleapers Roges and ignorant Asses which take vpō them without learning and practise do very euill for they giue it without discretion to al people whether they be young or olde strong or feeble and sometimes they kil their patientes or at the least they put them in perill or great daunger of their lyues Of wilde white Ellebor or Nesewurte Chap. xxv †The Description THis herbe is lyke vnto the white Ellebor abouesayd but in al partes it is smaller it hath a straight stalke with Sinowey leaues like the leaues of Plantaine or white Ellebor but smaller The flowers hang downe from the stalke of a white colour holowe in the middle with small yellowe and incarnate spottes of a very strange fashion whan they are gone there cōmeth vp smal seede like sande closed in thicke huskes The rootes are spread here and there full of sappe with a thicke barke of a bitter taste †The Place This herbe groweth in Brabant in certayne moyst medowes and darke shadowie places †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bicause it is lyke in fashion to White Hellebor in Latine Helleborine and Epipactis in high Douche Wildt wit Niescruyt that is to say Wilde white Ellebor Some thynke that Eleborine is an herbe lyke to Elleborus onely in vertues and not in fashion These fellowes wyl not receiue this herbe for Helleborine but by this they may know their errour bycause neyther Galen nor Dioscorides do attribute any of the properties of Ellebor to Helleborine †The Nature This herbe is of hoate and drie complexion †The Vertues The decoction of Helleborine dronke openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and is very good for such as are by any kinde of meanes diseased in their liuers or haue receiued any poyson or are bitten by any manner venemous beast Helleborine Of blacke Hellebor Chap. xxvi Veratrum nigrum Dioscorides Blacke Hellebor Planta Leonis Christwort †The Kyndes VNder the name of Helleborus niger that is to say blacke Ellebor are comprehēded by the Herboristes of our time three sortes of herbes whereof the first is muche lyke in description to Helleborus niger of Dioscorides The seconde is a strange herbe not muche differing in vertue from the true blacke Hellebor and is called Christes herbe and is much lyke in description to Helleborus niger that Theophrastus speaketh of The thirde is commonly called of the lowe Douchmen Viercruyt that is to say Fierwurte Pseudo helleborus ▪ Bastard Hellebor the blacke Louswurt †The Description THE true blacke Hellebor hath rough blackish leaues parted with foure or fiue deepe cuttes like the fashion of the vine leafe or as Dioscorides saith like the leaues of the Plane tree but much lesser the stalkes be euen and playne at the top whereof grow flowers in little tuffetes thicke set like to scabeous of a light blew colour After the falling of whiche flowers commeth the seede whiche is not muche vnlike to wheate The rootes are many small blacke long threddes comming altogither from one head Christes herbe hath great thicke greene leaues cut into seuen or eyght parts whereof eache part is long and sharpe at the top and one halfe thereof is cut and snipt about like a sawe the other halfe leafe next to the stalke is plaine and not cut The flowers grow amongst the leaues vpon short stemmes comming from the roote and are of the bignesse of a grote or shilling of a faire colour as white as snow hauing in the middle many short tender fine threddes tipte with yellow After the flowers haue staide a long time whan they begin to perish they become blew afterward greene After the flowers it bringeth forth foure or fiue cods or huskes ioyning togither almost like the huske of Columbine wherein is conteyned the seede It hath in the steede of a roote many thicke blacke stringes The leaues of Bastard Hellebor are somewhat like the leaues of the aforesaid Christes herbe but muche smaller parted likewise cut into diuers other narrow leaues which are cut round about on euery side like a sawe The flowers come not from the roote but grow vpon the stemmes wher as the leaues take hold are much lesse then the flowers of Christes herbe of a greene or herbelike colour After the passing away of which flowers commeth vp also foure or fiue litle huskes or cods ioyning one in another wherin is seede which is blacke round The rootes are many blacke threddes wouen or interlaced togither Louswurt which Fuchsius counteth for a kinde of blacke Hellebor ye shall finde it hereafter amongst the Aconites whereof it is a kinde The other which Hierom Bock setteth out for blacke Hellebor the which also of the Apothecaries hath ben so
†The Remedie Before ye occupie the seede of Stafisakre ye must stipe it in vineger and drie it and whan it is drie ye may giue it to drinke with Meade or watered honie Meade is honie and water boyled togither and whosoeuer hath receiued of this seede must walke without staying and should drinke Hidromel very oftē when he feeleth any kinde of choking and in this dooing it shall perfourme his operation without any great danger Of the wilde spirting Eueumbre Chap. xl †The Description WIlde Cucumbre hath leaues somewhat rounde and rough but lesser and rougher then the leaues of common Cucumber The stalkes be rounde and rough creeping alongst the grounde without any claspers or holders vpon whiche out of the holownesse of the collaterall branches or winges amongst the leaues grow shorte stemmes bearing a flower of a faynte yellow colour after the flowers there commeth little rough Cucumbers of the bignesse length of ones thombe full of sappe with a browne kernell the which being ripe skippeth forth assoone as one touche the Cucumbers The roote is white thicke and great with many other small rootes hanging by All the herbe is of a very bitter taste but especially the fruite whereof men vse to gather the iuyce and drye it the whiche is vsed in medicine †The Place This herbe is found in the gardens of Herboristes of this Countrie and where as it hath ben once sowen it commeth easily agayne euery yere †The Tyme These Cucumbers do flower in August their seede is ripe in September †The Names This Cucumber is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis Agrestis syluestris erraticus of some Cucumis anguinus in shoppes Cucumis asininus in English Wylde Cucumbre in French Concombre sauuage in high Douche Wilde Cucumer or Esels Cucumer in base Almaigne Wilde Concommeren or Esels Concommeren in Englishe Wilde Cucumber or leaping Cucumber Cucumissyluestris The iuyce of the roote being dry is called Elaterium in shoppes Elacterium †The Nature The iuyce of wilde Cucumbre is hoate and drie in the second degree and of a resoluing and clensing nature The roote is of the same working but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues Elaterium whiche is the iuyce of wilde Cucumbers dryed taken in quantitie of halfe a scruple driueth foorth by siege grosse fleme cholerique and especially waterishe humours Moreouer it is good against the Dropsie and for them that be troubled with shortnesse of breath The same delayed with sweete milke and powred into the nose putteth away from the eyes the euyl colour whiche remayneth after the Iaundise swageth headache and clenseth the brayne The same put into the place of conception sodden with honied wine helpeth women to their naturall sicknesse and deliuereth the dead childe Elaterium layd to outwardely with olde Oyle or honie or with the gall of an Oxe or Bull healeth the Squinancie and the swellinges in the throte The iuyce of the barke and roote of wilde Cucumber doth also purge fleme and cholerique and waterish humours is good for such as haue the Dropsie but not of so strong operation as Elaterium The roote of wilde Cucumber made soft or soked in vineger and layde to swageth the payne and taketh away the swelling of the gowte The vineger wherein it hath ben boyled holden in the mouth swageth the tooth ache The same layde to with parched barlie meale dissolueth cold tumours and layde to with Turpentine it breaketh and openeth impostemes The same made into powder and layd to with honie clenseth scoureth and taketh away foule scuruines spreading tetters manginesse pushes or wheales red spottes and all other blemishes and scarres of mans body The iuyce of the leaues dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of the same ⧠The Danger Elaterium taken into the body hurteth the inward partes and openeth the smal vaynes prouoketh gripinges and torments in the belly in doing his operation †The Remedie To cause that it shal do no hurt it must be geuen with Mede or with swete mylke a litle salt and Annys seede or geue it in powder with gumme Tragagante a litle Annys seede and salt Of Coloquintiba Chap. xli †The Description COloquintida creepeth with his branches alongst by the ground with rough hearie leaues of a grayish colour muche clouen or cut almost like the leaues of the Citron Cucumber The flowers are bleake or pale The fruit round of a greene colour at the beginning and after yellowe the barke thereof is neither thicke nor hard the inner part or pulpe is open spōgie full of gray seede in taste very bitter the which men dry kepe to vse in medicine There is yet founde another kind of Coloquintiba nothing lyke the first for this hath long rough stalkes mounting somewhat high and taking holde with his claspers euerywhere like Goordes The leaues be like the leaues of wilde Cucumber The fruite in all thinges is like the Goorde but farre smaller onely of the quantitie of a peare These wilde Goordes haue a very hard vpper barke or pille of a wooddy substance greene the inside is full of iuyce and of a very bitter taste Colocynthis †The Place The first kind groweth in Italie and Spayne from which places the dried fruite is brought vnto vs. The seconde kinde we haue sometime seene in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Coloquintida bringeth foorth his fruite in September Coloquintida is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Colocynthis of Paulus Aegineta Sicyonia in shoppes Coloquintida in Douche Coloquint opffelin and Coloquint appel The seconde kinde may be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita syluestris in French Courge sauuage in Douch Wilde Cauwoorden for this is a kinde of the right Goorde ⧠The Nature Coloquintida is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The white and inwarde pith or poulpe of Coloquintida taken about the weight of a scruple openeth the belly mightily and purgeth grosse flemes and cholerique humours and the slymie filthinesse and stinking corruption or scrapinges of the guttes yea sometimes it causeth blood to come foorth if it be taken in to great quantitie Like vertue it hath if it be boyled or layde to soke in honied water or any other liquor and after geuen to be dronken it profiteth muche against all colde dangerous sicknesses as the Ipoplerie falling sickenes giddinesse of the head payne to fetche breath the cholique loosenesse of the sinewes and places out of ioynt For the same purposes it may be put into Clisters and Suppositories that are put into the fundement The Oyle wherein Coloquintida hath ben boyled or whiche hath ben boyled in the Coloquintida dropped into the eares taketh away the noyse and singing of the same ⧠The Danger Coloquintida is exceeding hurtfull to the hart the stomacke and liuer and troubleth and hurteth the bowelles and other partes of the entrayles †The Remedie Ye
abouesaid as the white Brionie but not so strong yet it preuayleth muche against the falling euill and the giddinesse or turninges of the head to prouoke vrine the natural sicknesse of women to waste and open the Splene or Melt that is swollen or stopped The tender springes of this kinde of Brionie are also very good to be eaten in Salade for to purge waterie superfluities and for to open the belly neither more nor lesse then the white Brionie †The Danger The roote of Brionie by his violence doth trouble ouerturne the stomacke and other of the inner partes Moreouer the same with his leaues fruite stalkes and rootes is altogither contrarie and euill to women with childe whether it be prepared or not or whether it be mingled with other medicines insomuche that one cannot geue of the sayde roote or any other medicine compounded of the same without great daunger and perill †The Correction The malice or noughtie qualitie thereof is taken away by putting thereto Masticke Ginger Cinamome and to take it with hony or with the decoction of Raysons Of the wilde Vine / Brionie / or Our Zadies Seale Chap. xlvij †The Description OVR Ladies Seale hath long branches flexible of a wooddishe substance couered with a gaping or clouen barke growing very high and winding about trees and hedges lyke the branches of the Vine The leaues are lyke the leaues of Morelle or garden Night shade but much greater not much varying from the leaues of the greater Wythie winde or Bindeweede the flowers be white smal and mossie after the fading of whiche flowers the fruite commeth clustering togither like little grapes or Raysons red when it is ripe hanging within three or foure kernelles or seedes The roote is very great and thicke and sometimes parted or diuided at the ende into three or foure partes of a brownishe colour without and white within and clammie like the roote of Comferie †The Place In this Countrie this herbe groweth in low and moyst woods that are shadowed and waterie ¶ The Tyme It flowreth in Maye and Iune and the fruite is ripe in September †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vitis syluestris that is to say the Wild Vine yet this is not that kind of wild Vine the which men cal Labrusca for that resembleth altogither the garden and manured Vine but this as is aforesayde is a plant or herbe of the kindes of Bryonie the which is also called in Greeke Ampelos that is to say a vine bycause that it groweth high winding it self about trees hedges like the vine And of this I haue thought good to geue warning lest any hereafter happen to fal into errour with Auicen Serapion other of the Arabian Phisitions thinking that Labrusca and Vitis syluestris shoulde be any other then one selfe plante Columel calleth this plante Tamus by folowing of whom Plinie called the fruite Vua Taminea this plant is called in some places Salicastrum It is called in Shoppes of some Apothecaries Sigillum beatae Marię that is to say the Seale or Signet of our Ladye in Italian Tamato it may be called in Frenche Couleuree sauuage in Douche Wilde Bryonie bycause it is a kinde of Bryonie as a difference from the right wilde Vine Vitis syluestris Some take this herbe for Cyclaminus altera but their opinion may be easily reproued and founde false bycause this herbe hath a very great roote and as Dioscorides writeth Cyclaminus altera hath an vnprofitable and vaine roote that is to say very small and of no substance †The Nature Wilde Bryonie is hoate and drie good to mundifie purge and dissolue †The Vertues The roote of this herbe boyled in water wine tempered with a litle Sea water and dronke purgeth downewarde waterie humours and is very good for suche as haue the Dropsie The fruite of this plant dissolueth all congeled blood and putteth away the markes of blacke and blewe stripes that remayne after beatinges or bruses freckles and other spottes of the skinne Like vertue hath the roote if it be scrapte or grated very small and afterwarde layde vpon with a cloth as aplayster as we our selues haue proued by experience The newe springes at their first comming vp are also good to be eaten in Sallade as the other two kindes of Bryonie are Of Clematis altera Chap. xlviij †The Kindes OF this kinde of plante or Withywinde the whiche for a difference from Pereuincle which is named Clematis in Latine and therfore men call this kind Clematis altera there be founde two kindes ouer and bysides that plant whiche is nowe called in Latine Vitalba and in Frenche Viorne the whiche some do also iudge to be a kinde of Clematis altera Clematisaltera Biting Pereuincle Clematis alterius altera species Bushe Pereuincle †The Description THE first kinde which is the right Clematis altera hath smal branches flexible and tender by the whiche it standeth and climbeth vp The leaues be long large growing three or foure togither very sharpe and byting the tongue The litle flowers be white The roote is litle and smal and ful of heary threddes or stringes The seconde kinde is much like to the aforesayde in branches leaues sauing that his leaues be greater his stalkes or branches stronger and in growing it is higher The flowers are large parted in foure leaues fashioned like a crosse of a blew or purple colour and nothing lyke the flowers of the other Vitalba or as the French men terme it Viorne which some take for Clematis altera hath long branches ful of ioyntes easie to ploy bigger longer thicker then the branches of the aforesayde not muche differing from the branches of the vine by the which it climbeth vpon and about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches growe the leaues whiche for the most part are made and do consist of fiue leaues whereof eche leafe is of a reasonable breadth and not muche vnlike to the leaues of Iuye but smaller The flowers do growe as it were by tuftes and many togyther of a white colour and well smelling after whiche flowers past commeth the seede which is smal and somwhat browne bearing smal crooked and downie stemmes the roote is very full of small stringes or hearie threddes †The Place Clematis altera is a strange herbe and not found in this Countrie except in the gardens of some Herboristes The seconde is also a stranger in this Countrie but in Englande it groweth abundantly about the hedges in the borders of feeldes alongst by high wayes sides Vitalba is common in this Countrie and is to be founde in wooddes hedges and about the borders of feeldes †The Tyme The two first kindes do flower in this Countrie very late in August and September Vitalba Viorne or Wilde Vine But Vitalba flowreth in Iune †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in
then the leaues of Iuye The flowers do growe amongst the leaues in taste bitter and of a purple colour †The Place Grounde Iuye is very common in all this Countrie and groweth in many gardens and shadowie moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth from Aprill vnto the ende of sommer and continueth greene the most part of all the yere †The Names This herbe is called of men in these dayes in Latine Hedera terrestris and Corona terrae and by this name it is knowen of the Apothecaries It is called in Frenche Lyarre or Lierre terrestre in high Douche Gundelreb and Grundreb in base Almaigne Onderhaue And this herbe hath ben long tyme taken for that which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecissus but as I do thinke it is better like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whiche it is taken of some Hedera terrestris officinarum †The Nature Grounde Iuye is hoate and drie †The Vertues Grounde Iuie brused and put into the eares taketh away the humming noyse or ringing sounde of the same And is good for suche as are harde of hearing Of Woodbine or Honysuckle Chap. li. Periclymenum Woodbine or Honysuckce Periclymeni tertia species The thirde kinde of Periclymenum †The Description WOodbine or Honysuckle hath many small branches whereby it windeth and wrappeth it selfe about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches grow long leaues and tender white vpon the one syde on the other side of a bleake or faint colour betwixt white and greene at the end of the branches grow the flowers in tuftes lyke nosegayes of a pleasant colour and sweete sauour betwixt white and yellow or pale and purple long holow almost like the little bags of Colombine After the flowers come rounde beries which are as red as Corall when they be ripe The roote is of a wooddy substance There is yet another kinde the whiche bringeth foorth leaues standing directly one agaynst the other and so closed or ioyned togither that the stalkes passe through them but in all other poyntes meetely well like to the aforesayd kinde Byside these two sortes of Honysuckle or Woodbine there is yet another in leaues lyke the first the whiche kinde doth not wrap nor winde it selfe about trees and hedges as the other sortes do but groweth and standeth vpright of it self without the helpe of winding branches or clinging claspers The flowers are white muche smaller then the other sorte of flowers in figure somewhat long conteyning within them many small threddes and they growe euer two and two togither by couples and no moe vpon a stemme amongst the leaues and branches the whiche being gone past there grow vp two round beries eyther red or browne when they be ripe †The Place Woodbine groweth in all this Countrie in hedges about inclosed feeldes and amongst broome or firres It is founde also in woodes especially the two last recited kindes The third kind groweth in many places of Sauoye and in the Countrie of the Swysers †The Tyme Woodbine flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is rype in August and September †The Names This herbe or kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegina Carpathon Spleniō Epaetitis Clematitis and Calycanthemon in Latine Volucrum maius Periclymenum and Syluae mater of the Apothecaries Caprifolium and Mater Sylua and of some Lilium inter spinas in French Cheurefueille in high Almaigne Geiszbladt Speckgilgen Zeunling and Waldgilgen in base Almaigne Gheytenbladt and Mammekens cruyt in Englishe Honysuckle or Woodbine and of some Caprifoyle The thirde kinde is called in high Douchlande Hundtszkirschen that is to say Dogges Cherries ¶ The Nature Woodbine is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree †The Vertues The fruit of Honysuckle dronken in wine by the space of fourtie dayes doth heale the stopping and hardenesse of the Melt or Splene by consuming of the same and making it lesse And purgeth by vrine the corrupt and euil humours so strongly that after the dayly vse thereof by the space of sixe or ten dayes togither it will cause the vrine to be red and blooddy It is good for such as be troubled with shortnes of breath for them that haue any dangerous cough moreouer it helpeth women that are in trauell of child and drieth vp the natural seede of man to be taken in manner abouesayd The leaues haue the lyke vertue as the fruite hath as Dioscorides sayth Moreouer it keepeth backe the brusinges which are wonte to come at the beginning of Agues when the sayd leaues are sodden in oyle and pound or stamped very smal and the backe or ridge be annoynted therewithal before or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague The same healeth woundes and corrupt moyst vlcers and taketh away the spottes and scarres of the body and face ⧠The Danger The leaues and fruit of Woodbine are very hurtfull to women with child and altogither contrarie Of smothe Bindweede / or Withiwinde Chap. lij †The Kyndes TThere be two sortes of Bindeweede or withywinde the one bearing a blewe flower the other a white whereof one is great the other small The greater kind windeth it selfe about hedges and trees the lesser most commonly trayleth vpon the grounde Smilax lenis maior Gentle Withiwinde the great Smilax lenis minor Chamaecissus Gentle Withiwinde the smal †The Description THE blewe Withiwinde hath slender branches and small by whiche it clymbeth vp and wrappeth or windeth it selfe about trees and poles The leaues be large and cornered lyke to the olde leaues of Iuye sauing that they be not so harde The flowers are fashioned like belles blewe and holowe the seede is blacke and almost three square lying in knoppes or huskes after the same manner as the seede of the white Bindeweede The great white Bindeweede or soft withiwinde hath lykewise stalkes and branches small and tender whereby it windeth it selfe about trees and hedges lyke the hoppe Vpon the same branches grow tender and soft leaues greene and smothe almost like the leaues of Iuye but muche smaller and tenderer The flowers be great white and hollowe in proportion like to a Bell. And when they are gone there come in their steede little close knoppes or buttons which haue in them a blacke cornered or angled seede The roote is smal and white like to a sort of thicke heares creping alongst vnder the earth growing out or sending foorth new shutes in sundrie places of taste somewhat bitter and full of white iuyce or sappe The lesser white Withywinde is muche lyke to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers seede and rootes sauing that in all these thinges it is muche smaller and most commonly it creepeth alongst vppon the grounde The branches are small and smooth the little leaues are tender and soft the flowers are like to litle belles of a purple or flesh colour the seede is cornered or angled as the seede of the
about a cubite and a halfe long hauing vppon eche side large leaues spread abrode like winges and cut in like Polipodie At the top of some of the branches grow round about small rough and round graynes which are lyke vnto seede The Roote is great and thicke folded and couered ouer with many small enterlacing rootes hauing in the middle a litle white the whiche men call the Harte of Osmunde †The Place This kinde of Ferne groweth in woods and moyst shadowie places †The Tyme It springeth vp in Aprill with the other Fernes and fadeth at the comming of winter yet the roote abideth stil in the grounde ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Latine of the Herboristes or Herbaries of our tyme Osmunda Filix aquatica and of some Filicastrum of the Alcumistes Lunaria maior in Frenche Osmonde or Feuchiere aquatique in Douche Water Varen or Wildt Varen and of some Sinte Christoffels cruyt We may cal it in English Osmonde the Waterman Waterferne and Saint Christophers herbe †The Nature Osmunde in hoate is the first degree and drie in the seconde Filix aquatica Osmunda †The Vertues The Hart or middle of the roote of Osmonde is good against squattes and bruses heauie and greeuous falles burstinges aswel outwarde as inwarde or what hurt or dislocation soeuer it be And for this purpose many practisers at this day do put it into their brothes and drinkes whiche they make for woundes causing it to boyle with other herbes some do also put it in ther Consolidatiue or healing playsters Of Polypodie / Wall Ferne / or Oke Ferne. Chap. lxij †The Description POlypodie hath leaues of a spanne long diuided into many cuttes or slittes rent and torne euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinewe and yet not snipt about the litle leaues The roote is almost as bigge as a mans finger and very long creeping hard by the ground bringing foorth many litle leaues browne without hauing many small heares and within of a greene herbelike colour It hath neither branche nor flower nor seede †The Place Polypodie groweth in the borders of feeldes standing somewhat high about the rootes of trees especially of Okes. Sometimes also ye shall finde it growing vppon olde wythiese houses and olde walles †The Tyme Polypodie keepeth his leaues bothe sommer and winter but his newe leaues come foorth in Aprill Polypodium †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filicula and Polypodium in Frenche Polypode in high Douche Engelsuz Baumfarn and Dropffwurtz in base Almaigne Boomvaren and of some Eyckenvaren in Englishe Polypodie Wall Ferne and Oke Ferne. ⧠The Nature The roote of Polypodie is drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of Oke Ferne openeth the belly and purgeth Melancholique grosse and flegmatique humours Moreouer it is very good agaynst the Colique that is the payne or griping in the belly agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Splene or Melt and agaynst quartayne agues especially if you ioyne to it Epithymum You must boyle it in mutton brothe or the brothe of a Cocke or Capon or the decoction of Mallowes or Beetes and a little Annys and after drinke thereof or els you may make it in powder and drinke it with honied water or Mede The powder of Polipody often put into the nose healeth and taketh cleane away the superfluous flesh growing in the nosethrilles whiche men call Polypus †The Choise The roote of Polypody which groweth at the foote of the Oke is the best and most fitte to be vsed in medicine and is called in Latine Polypodium quercinum Of Oke Ferne / Petie Ferne / or Pilde Osmunde Chap. lxiij THere is now a dayes found two kindes of Dryopteris or Oke Ferne the one is white the other swarte the which are not much vnlike one another Dryopteris candida White Oke Ferne. Dryopteris nigra Blacke Oke Ferne. †The Description THE white kinde of Dryopteris and the male are not muche vnlyke but it is much smaller and not exceeding a spanne in height and lykewise it beareth neither stalke flowers nor sede The leauâ—… 〈◊〉 white with great and deepe incisions and cuttes snipt rounde about with smaller and thicker snips or iagges then the leaues of malâ— Ferne and it hath also smal spottes or markes vnderneath the leafe The roâ—…s thâ—…e and blackish with many litle rootes twisted pressed and enterlaced one with another The blacke Dryopteris hath the stalke or stemme of his leaues blacke the leaues brownish the whiche are neyther so large nor yet so long neyther so muche creuished or snipt as the leaues of the white Dryopteris but in al other partes like and it is beset also with litle markes or spottes vnderneath The leaues of this kind do not perish nor fade in winter but continue greene all the yere †The Place Both kindes of Dryopteris grow in holowe wayes in shadowy and couered places in the foote or rootes of Okes that be aged and of many yeres continuance but yet they are not to be founde in all places †The Tyme The white Driopteris springeth vp in Aprill as Ferne doth The blacke bringeth foorth his leaues at the same time †The Names This kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dryopteris In Latine Filix querna that is in English Oke Ferne Mathiolus and Ruellius both men of great knowledge do call it in Latine Osmunda and Osmunda Arborea Wherefore we considering the propertie of this herbe in taking away heare as also for a difference from the other Oke Fernes and Osmundes do thinke good to name this herbe in our language Osmunde Baldepate or Pylde Osmunde The white is called in shoppes Adianthum and to the great perill and danger of such as be sicke is vsed for Adianthum The blacke is not very well knowen of the Apothecaries but where as it is knowen they do lykewise call it Adianthum This may be very wel called in our tongue Small Osmunde or Petie Ferne. †The Nature The white Dryopteris is hoate sharpe and very abstersiue or clensing The blacke agreeth with the nature or facultie of Saluia vita or Stone Rue †The Vertues White Oke Ferne whiche is the right Dryopteris is of such strong power or vertue that it causeth the heare to fal of and maketh the skinne balde But for the doing of the same the roote must be pounde very small and layde vpon the place whiles a man is in the stoue or hoate house vntill he sweate well then it must be taken away and newe layde on two or three times as witnesseth both Dioscorides and Galen The blacke may be vsed for Adianthum that is to say Venus or Mayden heare Of Stone hartes tongue Chap. lxiiij †The Description HArtes tong hath long narrow leaues about the length of a spanne playne and smothe vppon one side and vpon the side next the ground it is straked ouerthwart with
or Baneworte Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath reddish stalkes holow ful of knees or ioyntes vpon the whiche growe long narrowe leaues almost lyke to the Wythie leaues but yet longer and a litle snipt or toothed round about especially those that growe lowest The flowers are yellowe as golde somwhat rough in the middle in fashion and color altogither like the flowers of golden Crowfoote Those being past it hath knops or heades like the seedie knoppes of golden Crowfoote The roote is ful of threddes or laces †The Place It groweth in moyst medowes waterie places and standing puddelles †The Tyme It flowreth in May and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Flammula that is to say Flame or the fierie herbe bycause it is very hoate and burning like fire The Douchemen call it Egelcoolen bycause the sheepe that haue eaten of this herbe haue the disease whiche they call Egel that is to say the inflammation and blistering of the liuer I know not by what name the olde writers haue called this herbe except this be that herbe whiche Octauius Horatianus doth name Cleoma the whiche groweth also in moyst places and is of a very hoate temperament or complexion It is called in some places of Englande Sperworte it may be also called Banewort ¶ The Nature and operation It is hoate and drie in the fourth degree and burneth and blistereth the body as Ranunculus vnto which it is partly lyke in complexion and operation ⧠The Danger This herbe is hurtful both vnto man and beast for it slayeth both the one and the other The sheepe whiche do happen to eate of it are vexed with a maruelous inflammation and they dye therewith bycause their liuers are inflamed and consumed Flammula Of Herbe Paris / or One Berie Chap. lxxvij †The Description HErbe Paris hath a smoth round stalke about a span long vppon the whiche growe foure leaues set directly one agaynst another crossewise or like a Crosse amongst the sayde leaues groweth a faire starrelike flower in the middle whereof there commeth foorth a bud or knop growing harde by and square the which turneth into a browne berie The roote is long and small casting it selfe hither and thither †The Place This herbe groweth in darke shadowed wooddes as in the wood Soignie by Brussels where as it groweth abundantly †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in April and the sede is ripe in May. ¶ The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Herba Paris and of some Vua Lupina and Vua versa Herba Paris in Frenche Raisin de Renard in high Douche Wolfsbeer Einbeer in Neather Douchlande Wolfsbesie in English Herbe Paris and One berrie The Nature and Vertues The fruite and seede of this herbe are very good agaynst al poyson especicially for suche as by taking of poyson are become peeuishe or without vnderstanding insomuche that it healeth them if it be giuen euery morning by the space of twentie dayes as Baptista Sardus hath first written and after him the excellent learned man Andreas Matthiolus Of Aconitum Chap. lxxviij †The Kindes Aconit is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the one is named Aconitum Pardalianches that is to say Aconite that baneth or killeth Panthers The other is Aconitum Lycoctonū that is to say Aconit that killeth Woolfs whereof shal be spoken in the next Chapter †The Description THE first kinde of Aconite called Pardalianches hath three or foure leaues partly rounde and somewhat rough heared the whiche do resemble the leaues of Sowe bread or lyke the wilde Cowcumber but they be smaller The stemme groweth of the height of spanne And therevpon grow yellow flowers which when they perishe they change into wooll hearie threddes which are caried away with the wind By them hangeth blacke seede The roote is not vnlyke to a Scorpion or Tortese and is white shining like Alablaster Of this kinde there is also found an other whiche is somewhat greater The roote also is somwhat longer and more lyke to a freshwater Creauis The whiche roote is most commonly solde of the Apothecaries for Doronicum †The Place This herbe loueth shadowie and rude or wilde places and is not founde in this Countrie Aconitum Pardalianches Panther or Leopardes bane ¶ The Names This kinde of Aconit is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum Pardalianches Myoctonū Theliphonum Cammorum in the Apothecaries shoppes is this roote vsed for Doronicū but it is very vnlike to the Doronicum of the Arabian maisters ⧠The Nature Aconit is hoate and drie in the fourth degree very hurtful to mans nature and killeth out of hande †The Vertues The report goeth that if this herbe or the roote thereof be layde by the Scorpion that he shall lose his force and be astonied vntill suche time as he shall happen agayne to touche or be touched with the leaues of white Elebor or Niesewort by vertue whereof he commeth to him selfe agayne ⧠The Danger Aconit taken into the body killeth Wolues Swine and all beastes both wilde and tame Of Woolfes bane / or Leopardes bane Chap. lxxix †The Kindes VVOolfes bane is of two sortes The one beareth blewe flowers and the other yellowe And of both those kindes are diuers other Lycoctonum caeruleum maius Napellus verus Blew Woolfs bane or Monkes Hoode Lycoctonum caeruleum minus †The Description THE first kinde of blewe Woolfes bane is small the leaues be splitte and somewhat parted as Leopardes bane The flowers be as litle hoodes like to the leaues of the greater Woolfes bane with three coddes folowing the same commonly togither On the hearie roote groweth as it were a litle knoppe wherewith it spreadeth it selfe abroade and multiplyeth Lycoctonum Ponticum Pontike Leopardes bayne or yellow Woolfes bayne Lycoctonum flore Delphini The great blewe Woolfs bayne hath lykewise large leaues and clouen or cut not much differing from the aforesayde but muche greater and more finely iagged and cut and in colour likewise browne The stalkes grow to the height of three or foure foote and they beare at the toppe faire blewe flowers rough within and made like a Hoode or Helmet of fiue leaues whereof the two neathermost are narrowe and straight they of eche side a little larger and the leafe that is all vpmost is great and holowe as a Cappe or Hoode couering the leaues that are by the sides In the holownesse of the sayde flower growe two small crooked heares somewhat great at the ende fashioned like a fooles bable in the middle of the sayde flowers are many smal hearie threddes at the ende of the sayde small threddes are litle prickes or poyntes turning vpon yellowe When the flowers doo fall there come in their steede three or foure huskes togither hauing a harde blacke and cornered seede The roote is thicke and blacke fashioned like a peare and hath many hearie stringes or strappes To these kindes of blewe Woolfes bayne is lykewise
accounted another purple flower the leaues be much cut the flowers grow along the stalkes and are of a violet colour of fashion like vnto a Knights Spurre with a litle taile hanging behinde the flower The coddes are as the aforesayde The rootes are ioyning three or foure togither The yellow Woolfes bayne is likewise of two sortes the one great and the other small The great yellowe Woolfes bane hath large blackishe leaues slitte and clouen almost lyke to Crowfoote but farre greater The stemmes be roundishe about two foote high or more at the toppe of those stemmes or brāches grow pale flowers almost like the flowers of wilde Lineseede after which flowers there folow small coddes conteyning a blacke and cornered seede The roote is blacke and very threddy The litle yellowe Woolfes bane is a lower herbe his leaues come foorth of the roote the whiche are deepely cut rounde about the flowers growe vpon some of the leaues and they be of a yellowe colour fashioned lyke vnto one of the Ranunculus flowers Thereafter folowe coddes like vnto the Woolfes bane The rootes be thicke and knotty as on the Anemone †The Place These venemous noughtie herbes are founde in this Countrie planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes and the blew is very common in diuers gardens The two laste kindes are founde in Almaigne other Countries in lowe valleyes and darke wooddes or wilde forestes The yellowe are also founde vpon wilde mountaynes in darke places †The Tyme These herbes do flower in April May and Iune †The Names This herbe is in called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum lycoctonum and of some Luparia in Frenche Tueloup The first is called in high Douchelande Blowolfwurts Ysenhut and Bloysenhutlin in Neather Douchelande Blauw Wolfs wortele and of some Munckes capkens and therefore they call it in Latine Cucullus Monachi or Cappa Monachi that is to say The Cape or Hoode of the Monke and the second is counted of many learned men to be the right or true Napellus described of Auicen he calleth it Napellus quasi paruus Napus bycause the roote is like to a litle Rape or Nauew called in Latine Napus The yellowe is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycoctonum Ponticum in Frenche Tueloup iaulne in high Douche Wolffwurtz and Gelbwolffwurtz in Neather Douchlande Geel Wolfe wortell in Englishe Yellowe Woolfes bane playne Woolfes bane and Heath Crowfoote The litle yellowe seemeth well to be that Aconitum the whiche Theophrastus hath spoken of and is nowe called of some Aconitum hyemale bycause it is preserued in the gardens of this Countrie and in the winter it flowreth †The Nature All these Leopardes or Woolfes bane are hoate and drie in the fourth degree and of a venemous qualitie ⧠The Danger Woolfes bane taken into the body inflameth the hart burneth the inwarde partes and killeth the body as it hath ben seene not long sithens in Anwarpe where as some did eate in Salade the roote of blewe Woolfes bane in steede of some other good herbe and died incontinent The kindes of Woolfes bane do not onely kill men but also Woolfes Dogges and suche other beastes if it be giuen them to eate with flesh Of Oleander / or Rose Baye Chap. lxxx †The Description OLeander is a little tree or shrub bearing leaues greater thicker and rougher then the leaues of the Almonde tree the flowers be of a fayre red colour diuided into fiue leaues and not much vnlike a litle Rose The fruite is as long as a finger full of rough hearie seede like the coddes or huskes of Asclepias called in Englishe Swallowe wort †The Place Oleander groweth in some Countries by riuers and the sea syde in pleasant places as Dioscorides writeth in this Countrie in the gardens of some Herboristes Nerium †The Tyme In this Countrie it bringeth foorth his flower in Iune †The Names This plante is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nicander calleth it also Neris in Latine Laurus rosea and Rosea arbor that is to say Rose tree in Shoppes Oleander in Frenche Rosagine or Rosage in Douche Oleander boom in Englishe Rose tree or Rose Baye tree Oleander and Nerium Nerium †The Nature Oleander is also very hoate and drie of Complexion †The Vertues It hath scarse one good propertie It may be compared to a Pharisee who maketh a glorious and beautifull shewe but inwardly is of a corrupt and poysoned nature God graunt all true Christians and Christian Realmes whereas this tree or any branche thereof beginneth to spread and fiorishe to put to their helping handes to destroy it and all the branches thereof as dissimulation Couetousnesse Briberie syr Symonie and maister Vsurie It is high tyme if it be the wyl of God to supplant it For it hath alredy flowred so that I feare it wil shortly seede fil this holsome soyle ful of wicked Nerium ⧠The Danger Oleander or Nerium is very hurtfull to man but most of all to Sheepe Goates Kine Dogges Asses Mules Horses and al foure footed beastes for it is deadly and killeth them Yea if they do but drinke the water wherein Oleander hath ben stieped or soked it causeth them to dye sodaynly as Dioscorides Plinie and Galen do write Of Poppie Chap. lxxxi †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Poppie as Dioscorides sayth wherof the first kind is white and of the garden the two other are blacke and wilde Papauer satiuum Garden Poppie Papauer syluestre Wilde Poppie †The Description THE garden white Poppie beareth a straight stem or straight smoth stalke about the height of foure or fiue foote in length with long leaues therevpon large and white vneuenly iagged and toothed about at the highest of the sayde stemmes groweth a round bud or button the whiche openeth into a large white flower made of foure leaues the whiche flower hath in the middle many smal hearie threddes with little tippes at the eudes and a round head the which head waxeth great and long wherin is the seede which is white and very necessarie in medicine Of this kinde there is yet another whose flowrie leaues be iagged or frenged in all thinges els lyke to the aforesayde The seconde kinde of Poppie hath his stalkes and leaues much lyke to the white but the flowers be of a fayre red colour and the heades are more rounder and not long The seede is blackish Of this sorte there is found another kind whose flowers be snipt iagged the whiche sometimes be very double lyke to the other The thirde kinde of Poppie is lyke to the two other sortes in leaues and stemmes sauing that it is smaller and beareth moe flowers and headdes The flowers be of a colour betwixt white and red changing towarde blacke hauing blacke spottes at the lower part of euery flowers leaues The heades be somewhat long much smaller then the heades of the others wherein there is also blacke seede and
when the sede is ripe the heades do open aboue vnder the shel or scale whiche couereth the sayde heades And afterwarde the seede falleth out easily whiche happeneth not to the other two Poppies whose heades remayne alwayes close There droppeth or runneth out of Poppie a liquor as white as milke when the heades be pearced or hurt the whiche is called Opium and men gather and drie it and is kept of the Apothecaries in their shoppes to serue in medicine †The Place Al these kindes of Poppie are sowen in this Countrie in gardens The third kind is very common insomuch as it is sowen in many feelds for the commoditie and profite which commeth of the seede In Apulia and Spayne and other hoate Countries they gather the iuyce whiche is the Opium that men of this Countrie put in medicines †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune †The Names Poppie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Papauer of some Oxytonon Prosopon Lethe Lethusa and Onitron in high Almaigne Magsamen Moen Magle and Olmag in base Almaigne Huel of some Mancop The iuyce of Poppie is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in shoppes Opium The first kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer satiuum of some Thylacitis in shoppes Papaueralbum in Frenche Pauot cultiué blanc in Almaigne Witten Huel and Tammen Huel in Englishe White Poppie and Garden Poppie The seconde kind Dioscorides calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Papauer syluestre erraticum some also cal it Pithitis in Shoppes Papauer nigrum magnum of the vnlearned Papauer rubrum and according to the same the Frenchmen call it Pauot rouge in Douche Rooden Huel in Englishe Blacke Poppie and Wilde Poppie The thirde sorte is also taken for a kinde of wilde Poppie and is called in Shoppes Papauer commune and Papauer nigrum that is to say Common Poppie and blacke Poppie in Douche Huel This should seeme to be Poppie Rhoeas that is to say Flowing and falling bycause the seede thereof floweth out when it is ripe whiche chanceth to none of the other kindes as is abouesayde †The Nature Al the Poppies be colde and drie almost euen harde to the fourth degree Opium is colde and drie almost harde to the fourth degree †The Vertues The decoction of the leaues and heades of Poppie made in water dronke causeth fleepe It hath the lyke vertue if the head and handes be washed therwith Of the heades boyled in water is made a Syrupe whiche doth also cause sleepe and is very good agaynst the subtil Rheumes and Catharrhes that distill and fal downe from the brayne vpon the lunges and against the cough taking his beginning of such subtil humours The seede of blacke Poppie dronke in wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the vnreasonable course of womens issues if it be mingled with water and layde to the forehead it will cause sleepe also A playster is made with the greene knoppes or heades of Poppie before it is ripe parched barley meale the which is good to be layde vpon the disease named in Latine Ignis sacer and hoate tumours which haue neede of cooling Opium that is the iuyce of Poppie dried taken in quantitie of a fetche swageth all inwarde paynes causeth sleepe cureth the cough and stoppeth the flixe The same layde to with Oyle of Roses swageth headache and with Oyle of sweete Almondes Myrrhe and Saffron it healeth ache or payne of the cares With vineger it is good to be layde to the disease called Erysipelas or Wild fire and all other inflammations and with womans milke and Saffron it swageth the payne of the gowte The same put into the fundement as a Suppositorie bringeth or causeth sleepe To conclude in what manner soeuer Opium be taken eyther inwardly or outwardly it causeth sleepe and taketh away paynes Yet ye must take heede to vse it euer with discretion ⧠The Danger The vse of Poppie is very euill and dangerous and especially Opium the which taken excessiuely or to often applyed vpon the flesh outwardly or otherwise without good consideration and aduisement it wyll cause a man to sleepe to muche as though he had the Lethargie which is the forgetful sicknesse and bringeth foolish and doting fansies it corrupteth the sense and vnderstanding bringeth the Palsie and in fine it killeth the body †The Correction Whan by great necessitie ye are forced to vse Opium mixe Saffron with it for it shall let and somewhat hinder the euill qualitie of Opium in suche sort as it shall not so easily do harme as it woulde if Saffron were not mingled with it See Turners Herbal for the remedie against Opium lib. 2 fol. 76. Of Red Poppie / or Cornerose Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of red Poppie or Cornerose the great and the small differing onely in leaues but the flowers are lyke one another †The Description THE smal Cornerose or wild Poppie hath smal rough branches the leaues be somewhat long toothed rounde about not muche differing from the leaues of the other Poppie sauing that they be muche smaller and not smothe but rough The flowers be of a faire red colour not differing in figure from the flowers of the other Poppie with blacke threds in the midle After the falling of the flowers there rise heades muche smaller then the heades of Poppie and in proportion longer wherein is conteyned blacke seede The roote is long and yellowish Papauer Rhoeas Shadowie Poppie or red Poppie Papauer Rhoeas alterum Cornerose or shadding Poppie The great Cornerose hath large leaues very muche iagged or rather rent lyke to the leaues of white Senuey but alwayes longer and rougher The stalkes flowers and knoppes or heades are lyke to the smaller Cornerose The roote is great and whiter then the roote of the lesser Cornerose †The Place The Cornerose groweth amongst the Wheate Rye Otes and Barley The least is most common †The Tyme Cornerose flowreth in May and from that time foorth vntill the ende of sommer †The Names This kinde of wilde Poppie is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer erraticum Papauer fluidum and Papauer Rhoeas in some Shoppes Papauer rubrum in Frenche Coquelicoc or Ponceau in high Douch Klapperrosen Kornrosen In base Almaigne Clapperroosen and Rooden Huel or wilden Huel And it is not without cause to be doubted whether the second Cornerose be a kinde of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Argemone or no. ⧠The Nature Corneroses do coole and refreshe also and are of complexion muche lyke Poppie Fiue or sixe heades of wilde Poppie or Cornerose boyled in wine dronke causeth sleepe Like vertue hath the seede taken with hony The leaues with the greene heades brused togither are very good to be layde vpon all euil hoate swellinges and vlcers and vpon Crysipeles or wild fire as the other Poppies are Of Horned
in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Solanum Manicum that is to say Furious or raging Solanum or Nightshade of some Persion Thryon Anydron Pentadryon and Enoron †The Nature The sleeping Nightshade or Solanum is colde in the thirde degree approching very neare vnto the nature or complexion of Opium but muche weaker The roote of the mad or furious Solanum or Nightshade especially the barke thereof is drie in the thirde degree and colde in the seconde as Galen writeth †The Vertues The fruit of Solanum Somniferum causeth one to make water and is very good agaynst the Dropsie but ye may not take aboue twelue of the beries at once for if you take moe they will do harme The iuyce of the fruit is good to be mixed with medicines that do asswage and take away payne The same boyled in wine and holden in the mouth swageth tooth ache The roote of raging Solanum especially the barke thereof is very good to be rubbed and layd to Saint Antonies fier in forme of a playster and vpon vlcers that be corrupt and filthy It is not good to take this kinde of Solanum inwardly ⧠The Danger If you giue more then twelue of the beries or grapes of Solanum Somniferum it will cause suche as you do giue it vnto to raue and waxe distracte or furious almost as muche as Opium The roote of Solanum Manicum taken in wine to the quantitie of a Dram causeth idle and vayne imaginations taken to the quantitie of two Drams it bringeth frensie and madnesse whiche lasteth by the space of three or foure dayes and if foure Drammes thereof be taken it killeth Of Henbane Chap. xciij †The Kyndes Of Henbane are three kindes as Dioscorides and others haue written that is the blacke the yellowe and the white †The Description THE blacke Henbane hath great stalkes and softe the leaues be great broade soft gentle woolly grayishe cut and iagged especially those at the lowest part of the stalke and neare the roote for they that grow vpon branches are smaller narrower and sharper The flowers be browneblewe within and lyke to little belles and when they fall of there folowe round huskes like litle pottes couered with smal couers inclosed within with small rough velmes or skinnes open aboue and hauing fiue or sixe sharpe pointes These pottes or cuppes are set in a rewe one after another alongst the stalkes Within the sayd pottes is conteyned a browne sede The roote is long sometimes as great as a finger The yellowe Henbane hath broade whitishe and soft or gentle leaues neither carued nor cut almost like the leaues of Mortal Nightshade but greater whiter and softer The flowers be of a feynt or pale yellow colour and round the whiche being past there come in their steede rounde huskes almost like litle cuppes not much differing from the cuppes or huskes of blacke Henbane wherein is the seede which is like to the seede of other Henbanes These small pottes do growe and are inclosed in a rounde skinne but the same is gentle and pricketh not The roote is tender This kinde of Henbane hauing once borne his seede dyeth before winter and it must be sowen yerely Hyoscyamus niger Blacke Henbane Hyoscyamus luteus Yellowe Henbane Hyoscyamus albus White Henbane The thirde kinde of Henbane called the white Henbane is not much vnlike to the blacke sauing that his leaues be gentler whiter more woolly and much smaller The flowers be also whiter the seede which is inclosed in litle cups is lyke the seede of blacke Henbane but the shel or skin that couereth the huskes is gentle and pricketh not The roote of this kind is not very great It dieth also before winter and it must be likewise newe sowen euery yere †The Place The Henbane doth growe very plenteously in this Countrie about wayes pathes and in rought sandy places The two other kindes the Herboristes do set in their gardens whereof the white sort groweth of his owne kind as Dioscorides saith vppon dunge heapes or mixens by the sea coast In Languedoc they haue scarse any other sauing the white kind †The Tyme These three kindes of Henbane do flower in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hyoscyamus Apollinaris and Faba suilla of some Dioscyamos that is Iouis faba Fabulonia of Apuleia Symphoniaca Calicularis Remenia Faba Lupina Mania of the auncient Romaines and Hetruscians or Tuscans Fabulum of the Arabian Physitions Altercum and Altercangenum of Mattheus Syluaticus Deus Caballinus and Cassilago of Iacobus Manlius Herba Pinula of some others Canicularis and Caniculata in French Iusquiame or Hanebane in high Almaigne Bilsamkraut Sewbon and Dolkraut in neather Douchlande Bilsen and Bilsencruyt The first kind is called bycause of his darkish browne flowers Hyosyamus niger that is to say blacke Henbane The seconde is called Hyoscyamus luteus that is to say Yellowe Henbane bycause it beareth yellow flowers The thirde whiche hath white flowers is called Hyoscyamus albus that is to say White Henbane †The Choise The white Henbane is best to be vsed in medicine The two other be not so good especially the blacke whiche is most hurtfull †The Nature The seede of the white Henbane and the leaues are cold in the third degree The two other kindes are yet more colder almost in the fourth degree very hurtfull to the nature of mankinde †The Vertues The iuyce drawen foorth of the leaues and greene stalkes of Henbane and afterwarde dryed in the Sonne is very good to be mingled with Colyries that are made agaynst the heates rheumes and humours of the eyes and the payne in the same in the eares and mother The same layde to with wheaten meale or with parched Barley meale is most profitable against all hoate swellinges of the eyes the feete and other partes of the body The sede of Henbane is good for the cough the falling downe of Catarrhes and subtill humours into the eyes or vpon the breast against great paynes the inordinate flure of womens issues and al other issue of blood to be taken in the waight of an halfe pennie or ten graynes with Hydromel that is to say honied water The same swageth the payne of the gowt healeth the swelling of the genitors or stones asswageth the swelling of wemens pappes after their deliuerance If it be brused with wine and layde vpon It may be also put into al emplaysters anodins that is suche as are made to swage payne The leaues alone or by them selues pound with parched Barley meale or mingled with other oyntmentes emplaisters and medicines swage also all paynes If one do washe his feete with the Decoction of Henbane or if it be giuen in glister it will cause sleepe The same vertue hath the seede to be layd to with oyle or any other liquer vppon the forehead or if one do but smell often to the herbe and his flowers
The Names The first kind is called in French Meteil in high Douch Welsche Weyssen that is to say in Latine Triticum Romanū in base Almaigne Romsche terwe of some it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Typha and also Typha cerealis as a token of knowledge from another Typha which is called Typha palustris we may call it Typhe wheate or Bearded wheate and Romaine wheat The second might also be a kinde of Typha if the seede were inclosed in litle chaffie skinnes like vnto Spelt but seing it is naked lyke wheate therefore it cannot be Typha although in other respectes it is very muche like Typha of Theophrastus and Galen therefore it may be wel called Triticum Tiphinum †The Nature This Corne is of temperature somewhat lyke to the other but not so good Of Spelt corne / Spelt wheate Chap. v. †The Description ZEopyron is a strange grayne very muche like Spelt in the strawe knottes and eares yet the seede or grayne is better like wheate for it is not closed vp in the huske like Spelt but it commeth foorth easyly in thresshing like wheat it hath a browne yellowish colour like wheat ¶ The Place This kinde of grayne doth also growe in some places of Almaigne †The Tyme Men sowe and cut it downe like other corne †The Names This corne as Galen writeth in his first booke Dealimentis hath ben called in the Countrie of Bithynia in Greece 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Zeopyron The whiche is a compounde name of Zea that is to say Spelt and Pyros that is to say Wheate the whiche name is very agreable vnto this Corne bycause it is like to them both or as a meane betwixt them both The Almaignes call it Kern Drinkelkern and Kernsamen that is to say in base Almaigne Keerensaet The Nature and operation Zeopyron is of temperature not muche differing from Spelt The bread of Zeopyron is better then the bread made of Briza and is as it were a meane or middle cast bread betwixt wheaten bread and the bread made of Briza as winesseth Galien Zeopyron Of single Spelt Chap. vi †The Description BRiza is also something like to Spelt sauing that it hath the eares motes and strawes lesser smaller and shorter the eares be bearded and the beardes are sharpe like the beardes of Barley The seede is couered with a huske lyke to Spelt The whole plante with his strawe eares and grayne is of a browne redde colour and it maketh browne bread of a very strange and vnpleasant taste †The Place This corne loueth rough and rude places and hath not to do with the champion ground It hath ben founde in times past of Galen in Macedonia Thracia but now it is growen in some places of Douchlande being brought first thither out of Thracia as it is easie to coniecture The whiche Countrie the Turkes do nowe cal Romaine the chiefest citie whereof is Constantinoble †The Tyme Men sowe it in September and cut it in Sommer as other fruites of the lyke kindes ¶ The Names This grayne is nowe called in Douche Blicken Sant Peters Corne and Einkorne in Neather Douchlande Eencoren It shoulde seeme to be a kinde of Zea Monococcos and Briza Zea simplex of Dioscorides and the Zea of Mnesitheus the which Galen in his booke De aliment facult thinketh to be that grayne whiche in his tyme was called in Thracia and Macedonia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Briza It shoulde also seeme to be the kinde of Far whiche Columella nameth Far Venniculum rutilum †The Nature and operation To what purpose this corne serueth in Physicke hath not yet bene written of nor proued to my knowledge But the bread made thereof is very heauie nourisheth euill and is vnholsome Of Rye Chap. vij †The Kyndes AS the wheate described in the first Chapter is diuers according to the times or seasons of sowing euen in like manner is the Rye for the one kinde is sowen before winter and the other after winter †The Description RYe bringeth foorth of one roote sixe or seuen and somtime moe long slender and leane strawes with foure or fiue ioyntes the whiche in good and fertill grounde groweth to the length of sixe foote or more lyke to the strawe or reede of wheate but softer smaller and longer At the hiest of the sayde strawes grow long eares bearded with sharpeyles like Barley eares but nothing so rough or sharpe The whiche when the corne is ripe do hang or turne downewardes within the sayde eares is the grayne or corne smaller and muche blacker then wheate and lesse then Barley and is not enclosed in small huskes but commeth foorth lightly Of this kinde is made a very browne bread The other Rye is lyke to the aforesayde in al respectes sauing that the strawes and eares are smaller †The Place Rye groweth in all the lowe Countrie of Flaunders and in many other Regions it loueth the barren soyle that is dry sandy where as none other corne or grayne may grow as in the Countrie of Brabant the whiche is called Kempene and other like drie soyles Yet for al that the best Rye groweth in good and fertill soyles †The Tyme The first kinde is sowen in September and the other in Marche and are both ripe in Iuly Secale †The Names This grayne is called of Plinie in Latine Secale in Englishe Rye in Frenche Seigle in high Almaigne Rocken in base Alemaigne Rogghe in Italian Segala of some Asia of others Farrago although this is not the true Farrago for Farrago is none other thing but Barley Otes and suche lyke graynes mingled togither and sowen for forrage or prouender for Cattell the whiche men do mowe and cut before it is ripe to feede their Oxen Kyen Horses and other lyke cattell And that this grayne is not Siligo it is sufficiently declared in our fourth booke of the Historie af Plantes Chapt. j. ¶ The Nature Rye layde outwardly to the body is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Rye meale put into a litle bagge and layed vppon the head cureth the olde and inueterate paynes of the head and drieth the brayne The leuen made of the same draweth foorth thornes splinters or sheuers and it ripeth al swelling and impostumations insomuch that for this purpose it wil worke better and is of more vertue then the leuen made of wheatē meale Rye bread with butter is of the like vertue but yet not so strong as the leuen Rye bread is heauie and hard to digest most meetest for labourers and such as worke or trauell much and for suche as haue good stomackes Of Barley Chap. viij ⧠The Kindes BArley is of two sortes great and small to the whiche they haue nowe put two other kindes that is to say a kinde without huske and another kinde called Douche Barley or Rice 1. Hordeum Polystichū Winter Barley Beare Barley 3. Hordeum Nudum Naked orbare Barley Wheate Barley
of a brownishe colour with sundrie knottes and ioyntes from the whiche dependeth long and large leaues like the leaues of spiere or Polereede at the highest of the stalkes growe idle and barren eares whiche bring foorth nothing but the flowers or blossomes which are sometimes browne sometimes redde sometimes yellow and sometimes white agreable with the colour of the fruit which commeth foorth afterwarde The fruitefull eares do growe vppon the sides of the stemmes amongst the leaues the which eares be great and thicke and couered with many leaues so that one cannot see the sayde eares vpon the vppermost part of the sayde eares there grow many long hearie threddes which issue foorth at the endes or pointes of the leaues couering the eare and do shewe them selues about the time that the fruit or eare waxeth ripe The grayne or seede which groweth in the eares is about the quantitie or bignesse of a pease of colour in the outside sometimes browne sometime red and sometime white and in the inside it is in colour white and in taste sweet growing orderly about the eares in niene or tenne ranges or rewes †The Place This grayne groweth in Turkie wheras it is vsed in the time of dearth †The Tyme It is sowen in Aprill and ripe in August †The Names They do nowe call this grayne Frumentum Turcicum and Frumētum Asiaticum in Frenche Blé de Turquie or Blé Sarrazin in high Douche Turkie Korn in base Almaigne Torckschcoren in Englishe Turkish Corne or Indian wheate Frumentum Turcicum Turkish or Indian wheate †The Nature and Vertues There is as yet no certaine experience of the natural vertues of this corne The bread that is made thereof is drie and harde hauing very small fatnesse or moysture wherefore men may easily iudge that it nourisheth but litle and is euill of digestion nothing comparable to the bread made of wheate as some haue falsly affirmed Of petie Panick / Phalaris grise / grasse corne Chap. xi †The Description PHalaris hath a rounde strawe or helme with three or foure ioyntes the leaues be narrowe and grassie lyke the blades of Spelt or wheate but smaller and shorter vppon the sayde strawe groweth a short thicke eare and clustered or gathered togither it bringeth foorth a seede lyke vnto Mill and in fashion lyke to Line seede ¶ The Place This seede groweth in Spayne and in the Iles of Canarie And is onely sowen in this Countrie of the Herboristes †The Tyme It is ripe in this Countrie in Iuly and August ⧠The Names This seede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 likewise in Latine Phalaris of some Douchmē Spaensch saet and Saet van Canarien that is to say Spanishe or Canarie seede some Apothecaries do sell it for Millet Turner calleth it Petie Panicke ⧠The Nature In complexion it is much like to Millet †The Vertues The iuyce of Phalaris dronken with water is good agaynst the payne or greefe of the bladder And a spoenfull of the seede made into powder is good to be taken for the same purpose Of Panicke Chap. xij †The Description PAnicke commeth vp lyke Millet but his leaues are sharpet rougher It hath a rounde stemme or straw ful of knottie ioyntes for the most part sixe or seuen knottes vppon one stemme and at euery knot a large narrow leafe The eares be round and hanging somwhat downewardes in the which groweth smal seede not muche vnlike the seede of Millet of colour sometimes yellowe and sometimes white Phalaris There is also founde another plant like vnto Panicke the which some hold for a kind of Panicke the Italians do cal it Sorghi This strange grayne hath foure or fiue high stemmes which are thicke knottie and somwhat brownish beset with long sharpe leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Spier or Poole reede at the vppermost part of the stalkes ther grow thicke brownered eares greater thicker then the eares of Panick the which at the first do bring forth a yellow flower afteward a round reddish sede of the quantitie of a lentil somwhat sharpe or pointed †The Place Panick is not much knowen in this Countrie it groweth in some places of Italie and France and it loueth grauel and sandy ground it desyreth not much raine or moysture for when it rayneth muche it maketh the leaues to loll and hang downewarde as Theophrastus writeth The Indian Panick is also a strange sede is not found in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Men do sow Panick in the spring of the yere and it is cut downe againe in hoate Countries fourtie dayes after The Gascons do sowe it after they haue sowē their other corne yet for al that it is ripe before winter as Ruelius saith In this Countrie when it is sowen in April it is ripe in Iuly Panicum Panik Sorghi Melica Indian Panick Also the Indian Panicke is sowen in the spring time and ripe at the ende of sommer †The Names Panick is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophraste also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Panicum and nowe a dayes in Italian Melica in high Douche Feuch Fenich and Heydelpfenich in base Almaigne Panickoren The Indian Panick is nowe called of some Italians Melegua or Melega of some others Saggina and Sorgho ▪ in Latine Melica Sorghi Milium Saburrum and of some Panicum peregrinum of the Almaignes Sorgsamen of the Brabanders Sorgsaet It is very lyke that this is Milium Indicum whiche as Plinie writeth was first knowen in the time of the Emperour Nero. ¶ The Nature Panick is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The seede of Panick dronke with wine cureth the dangerous and blooddy flixe and taken twise a day boyled in Goates milke it stoppeth the laske and the gnawinges or gripins of the belly They make bread of Panick as of Millet but it nourisheth and bindeth lesse then the bread of Millet The Indian Panick is like the other Panick in operation and vertue Of Otes Chap. xiij †The Description OTes as Dioscorides saith in grassie leaues and knottie straw or motes are somwhat like to wheate at the vpper part of the strawes growe the eares diuided into many small springes or stemmes displayed and spread abroade farre one from another vppon the which stemmes or small branches the grayne hangeth sharpe pointed alwayes togither well couered with his huske There is an other kinde of Otes whiche is not so inclosed in his huskes as the other is but is bare and without huske whan it is thresshed Also there is a barren Ote of some called the purre Otes of others wilde Otes †The Place Otes are very common in this Countrie and are sowen in al places in the feeldes The pilde Otes are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes Turner saith they growe in Sussex The Purwottes or wilde Otes commeth vp in many places amongst wheate and without sowing †The Tyme Otes are sowen
Iuraye and the seede of the same grayne which the Brabanders call Peertsbloemen Melampyrū Blacke wheat Cow wheat or Horse flower Of Blight or Brantcorne Chap. xvij †The Description VStilago is a certayne disease or infirmitie that happeneth vnto suche fruits as ebare eares but especially vnto Otes This kinde of plante before it shuteth out in eare is very lyke vnto Otes but when it beginneth to put foorth his eare in steede of a good care there commeth vp a blacke burnt eare ful of blacke dust or powder †The Place It groweth most commonly as is beforesaid amongst Otes and sometimes amongst wheate †The Tyme It is founde most commonly in Aprill when as the Sonne shineth very hoate after a rayne folowing †The Names This barren and vnfruitefull herbe is nowe called Vstilago that is to say Burned or Blighted in French Brulure in high and base Almaigne Brant †The Nature and faculties Vstilago hath no good propertie in Phisicke and serueth to no manner of good purpose but is rather a hurt or maladye to all Corne. Vstilago Of Beanes Chap. xviij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of beanes The one sort is commonly sowen the other is wild The cōmon or manured beane is diuided againe into two sortes that is great and smal Phaselus satiuus Sowen Beanes Phaselus syluestris Wilde Beanes †The Description THE great sowen Beane hath a square stalke vpright and hollowe The leaues growe vpon short stemmes standing vpon both sides of the stalkes one against another and are long thicke The flowers grow vpon the sides of the stalke and are white with a great blacke spot in them and somtimes a browne After which flowers there come vp long coddes great and round soft within frised or cottonlike In the sayd coddes the beanes are inclosed of colour most commonly white sometimes redde or browne in fashion flat almost lyke to the nayle of a mans finger or toe The lesser beane that is vsed to be sowen is like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers and woolly coddes sauing that in all pointes it is lesser The fruite also is nothing so flat but rounder and smaller The wilde beane hath also a square holow stalke as the garden and sowen beanes haue The leaues be also like to the common beane leaues but the litle stemmes whereon the leaues do growe haue at the very ende tendrelles and claspers as the pease leaues haue The flowers be purple The coddes are flat and woolly within as it were laid with a soft Downe or Cotton but nothing so much as the coddes of the common sowen beanes The fruite is all rounde and very blacke and no bigger then a good pease of a strong vnpleasant sauor and when it is chewed it filleth the mouth full of stinking matter †The Place The domesticall or husbandly beanes do growe in feeldes and gardens where as they be sowen or planted The wilde is to be founde amongst the Herboristes and groweth of his owne kinde in Languedoc †The Tyme They are planted and sowen in Nouember Ianuary February and April and are ripe in Iune and Iuly †The Names Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides also Phasioli in Latine Faseli nowe a dayes they be called in Shoppes and commonly Fabae in high and base Almaigne Bonen The great kinde is called in Latine Phaselus maior or Faselus satiuus maior in Douche Groote Boonen in English Great Beanes and garden Beanes The other may be well called Faseli minores that is to say The smaller Beane in Brabant Zeeusche Boonkens and Peerde Boonkens That the common Beane is not that kind of pulse called of the Auncientes Cyamos and Faba hath ben sufficiently declared In Historia nostra The wilde kinde may well be called in Latine Faselus syluestris and Faselus niger that is to say The wilde Beane and the blacke Beane in Douch Wilde Boonen and Swerte Boonen or Moorkens as some do cal them This may well be that Pulse whiche is called Cyamos and Faba †The Nature Greene beanes before they be rype are colde and moyst but when they be drie they haue power to binde and restrayne †The Vertues The greene and vnripe Beanes eaten do loose open the belly very gently but they be windy engender ventosities as Dioscorides saith The which is well knowen of the common sortes of people and therefore they vse to eate their beanes with Commine Drie Beanes do stop binde the belly especially when they be eaten without their huskes or skinnes and they nourishe but litle as Galen saith Beane meale layde to outwardly in manner of a Cataplasme or playster dissolueth tumours and swellinges And is very good for the vlcers and inflammation of womens pappes and against the mishappes and blastings of the genitors The wilde Beane serueth to no vse neither for meate nor medicine That I knowe Of Kidney Beane / or garden Smilax Chap. xix †The Description GArden Smilax hath long and small branches growing very high griping and taking holdfast when they be succoured with rises or long poles about the whiche they wrappe and winde them selues as the Hoppe otherwise they lye flat and creepe on the ground beare no fruite at all The leaues be broade almost like Iuie growing three and three togither as the Trefoil or three leaued grasse The flowers be somtimes white and sometimes red after the flowers there come in their places long coddes which be somtimes crooked and in them lye the sedes or fruit smaller then the common beane and flat fashioned lyke to a kidney of colour somtimes red somtimes yellow somtimes white somtimes blacke sometimes gray speckled with sundrie colours This fruit is good and pleasant to eate in so much that men gather and boyle thē before they be ripe and do eate them coddes and all †The Place In this Countrie men plant this kind of Beanes in gardens they loue good grounde and places that stande well in the Sonne †The Tyme They are planted in Aprill after that the colde and frostes be past for at their first comming vp they can by no meanes at all indure colde They are ripe in August and September ¶ The Names This kinde of Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Faseolus Dolichus and Smilax hortensis The coddes or fruite are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Siliquae and Lobi of Serapio Lubia in Frenche Phaseoles in high Douch Welsch Bonen in base Almaigne Roomsche Boonen in Englishe of Turner it is called Kidney beane and Sperage of some they are called Faselles or Long Peason it may be also named Garden Smilax or Romaine Beanes Phaseolus †The Nature Kidney beanes are somewhat hoate and moyst of Complexion after the opinion of the Arabian Physitions †The Vertues Kidneybeanes do nourishe meetely well and without engendring windinesse as some other pulses do also they do gently loose
the domestical or tame kinde the square or cornered kinde the which some do cal Arietinum and the wilde Ciche and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum white and blacke Cicer satiuum Tame Ciches Cicer Arietinum Sheepes Ciches †The Description THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse almost like to a lentil it hath foure or fiue branches and therevpon small narrowe diuidid leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles The flowers grow vpon short stemmes small and somewhat whitishe after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason hauing a certayne bunch hillock or outgrowing by one side not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason but a great deale smaller and not so harde and of a better taste Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes and harde with many branches and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes like the lentil or feche growing directly or opposite one against the other the flowers be either white or purple and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes bollen or swelling vp like small bladders wherein growe two or three Peason cornered and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head in colour sometymes white and sometimes blacke The wild Ciche pease in leaues are lyke to the tame but they are of a ranke and strong sauour and the fruite of another fashion as Dioscorides saith vnlike the tame Ciches †The Place These Ciche Peason are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme All the Ciches are ripe in August like to the other sortes of pulse †The Names Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer in Frenche Cices ▪ or Pois Cice. The first kind is called Cicer satiuum Columbinum Venereū and in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orobiaeon that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum vnknowen in Shoppes This is not Eruum as many at this time do thinke and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer Arietinum that is to say Sheepes Ciche pease in Shoppes Cicer in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason in French Pois Ciches in high Douch Zysern erweyssen in base Almaigne Ciceren The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre that is to say Wilde Ciches †The Nature The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree †The Vertues The domestical or tame Ciches prouoke vrine and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes it taketh away the euyll colour and causeth good colour to ensue The same boyled with Orobus called in Englishe the bitter Fiche doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie members if it be layde thereon also men vse with great profite to applie it to running sores and vlcers of the head and the scurffe The same mingled with Barley meale and honie is good against corrupt and festred sores and Canckers being layde therevppon Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine and vnstoppe the Melt the Liuer and the kidneyes and the decoction thereof drunken breaketh the stone and grauell To conclude the Ciche peason do wast clense and make thinne all cold and grosse humours and are good agaynst all spreading sores and the inflammations and swellinges behinde the eares They do likewise nourish sufficiently but they engender muche windinesse ⧠The Danger The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration in the kidneyes or bladder for they be to much scouring and do cause the vrine to be sharpe Of Lupines Chap. xxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Lupines the white or garden Lupine and the wild Lupine The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower sometymes with a blewe flower and sometimes with a reddishe flower Lupinus Satiuus Lupinus syluestris Lupines †The Description THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes standing vpright of him selfe without any succour stay or helpe eyther of bowes or branches and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers then it parteth it selfe aboue into three branches which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers euery of the sayde branches doth part and dinide them selues agayne into thrée branches continuing so in flowers parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe or seuen partes The flowers do grow many togither at the end or parting of the stalkes after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes somwhat rough without The fruit is white and flat like a cake in taste very bitter The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers and is very like to the aforesayd sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse his flowers are not white but yellow and the seede or fruite is not white but spotted The wilde Lupines with the blewe and red flowers are yet lesser then the yellow the fruite is also marked or spotted and it is the least of the Lupines †The Place The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens The wilde with the blewe do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier †The Tyme In warme Countries and hoate seasons the Lupine flowreth three times a yere The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out the whiche three branches do likewise flower about the beginning of Iuly The sayd collaterall bowes or branches do agayne bring foorth three other branches they do flower in August where as they be well placed in the Sonne The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer †The Names This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Lupinus in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines in high Douche Feigbonen in base Almaigne Lupinen and Vijchboonen The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus that is to say The manured or garden Lupine The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines in Latine Lupini syluestres and these be not vsed in medicine †The Nature The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree it hath vertue to digest make subtil and to clense †The Vertues The meale of Lupines taken with hony or els with water and vineger doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines when it is dronken And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting Men giue the decoction of Lupins boyled with Rue and Pepper to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt Apessarie made of Lupins Mirrhe and Hony mingled togither mooueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth She
gone there come vp litle flat huskes wherin lieth the seede like to the seede of Arachus You may set by this wild Vetche a certaine plant not much vnlike the aforesayd in leaues and growing the whiche beareth rough and prickie buttons or bosses It doth not commonly growe in this Countrie but planted in the gardens of some Herboristes This kind of plant hath leaues like to the other but somwhat narrower whiter smother His flowers do likewise growe thicke vpon long stemmes commonly of acleare red or Crymsen colour After whiche there come flat prickley round huskes bossed or bunched and somtimes fashioned like a smal Hedgehogge which is nothing els but the seede †The Place The wilde Vetche groweth in the borders of feeldes in medowes oftentimes in moyst places and about water courses and running streames The other kind for daintines sake is planted in the gardens of the Herboristes of this Countrie They say it groweth plentifully by the Sea side vpon bankes or trenches made with mans handes and such like places They vse to sow it in medowes about Paris and otherwhiles it is found growing there of his owne accorde †The Tyme The wilde Vetche flowreth most commonly in Iune and soone after it deliuereth his coddes and grayne The other flowreth in Iuly and for the most part deliuereth his seede foorthwith †The Names The first should seeme to be Galega altera a kind of litle Vetches may also be wel called Arachus taken for a kinde of Arachus in Frenche Vesce sauuage in Douch Wilder Wicken in neather Douchlande Wilde Vitsen in English Small wilde Vetches or Vitchelinges The other is counted of some to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Onobrychis of Ruelius for Medica they name it in Frenche Saint Foin we may call it Yellow Fitcheling and Medick fitche ⧠The Nature and Vertues The wilde Vetche is no better than Arachus and therefore it serueth onely but for pasture and feeding for cattell as other like herbes do If the other be Onobrychis you shall finde his properties described in the Chapter of Onobrychis Of Tares Chap. xxviij †The Description THe Tare hath long tender square stalkes longer and higher then the stalkes of the lentil growing almost as high as the wheat or corne or the other plantes whereamongst it groweth The leaues be smal and tender triangled like a scuchion somwhat round growing alwaies two togither one against another at the ioyntes betwixt the said leaues there grow vp clasping tendrels other smal stems or shutes whervpon growe flowers of a yellowish colour The flowers past there rise coddes somewhat large longer then the coddes or huskes of the Lentiles in whiche is conteyned fiue or sixe blacke seedes harde flat and shining lesser then the seedes of lentiles ¶ The Place The Tare groweth in feeldes is found growing in this Countrie in fertil groundes amongst wheat Rye †The Tyme In this Countrie it flowreth in May and in Iune and Iuly the seede with the coddes is ripe ¶ The Names This kinde of Pulse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aphaca in English Tares vnknowen in shoppes this is the Aphace of Dioscorides Galen for it should seeme that the Vetche is the Aphace of Theophrastus †The Nature The Tare is temperate in heate of like nature to the Lentil but drier †The Vertues The Tare seede is of a restringent vertue like the Lentil but more astringent for it stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and drieth vp the moysture of the stomacke The Tare in vertue is lyke to the Lentil Men in tyme past dyd vse to eate this pulse as witnesseth Galen neuerthelesse it is harder of concoction or digestion then the Lentil Aphaca Of Birdes foote Chap. xxix †The Description BIrdes foote is lyke to Arachus to the wilde Vetche but far smaller It hath very slender and small stalkes or branches soft and tender the leaues be smal and rounde fashioned like to a small fether The flowers be yellowishe and smal growing close togither vpon huskes or stems the which being withered there commeth vp in their places small crooked huskes or coddes growing fiue or sixe togither the which in their standing do shewe almost like the closing foote of a smal bird Within the sayde litle crooked coddes the seede is inclosed in fashion not much vnlike Turnep seede †The Place Birdes foote groweth in certaine fields and is likewise found in high medowes in drie grassie wayes Countries That which groweth in medowes and grassie wayes is a great deale smaller then that which groweth amongst the corne †The Tyme Birdes foote flowreth from after the moneth of Iune vntill September and within this space it deliuereth his seede Ornithopodium †The Names This wild herbe is called in Brabant Voghelvoet that is to say in English Birdes foote or Fowle foote bycause his huskes or cods are lyke to a birdes foote for that cause men may wel cal it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ornithopodion for it hath none other Greke nor Latine name that I know except it be that Polygala of Dioscorides as it may be called wherevnto it is very like †The Nature and Vertues This herbe is not vsed in medicine nor reçeiued any wayes for mans vse but is a very good foode both for horses and cattel Of Zentilles Chap. xxx †The Description THe Lentil hath small tender and plyant branches about a cubite high The leaues be very smal the which are placed two and two vppon litle stems or small footestalkes and do sometimes ende with clasping tendrelles wherby it hitcheth fast and taketh sure hold The flowers be smal of a brownishe colour intermixt with white The huskes or shelles are flat The fruite is round and flat of colour now blacke now white and sometimes browne †The Place The Lentil is not very wel knowen in this Countrie but is founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme The Lentil doth both flower and waxe ripe in Iuly and August †The Names This Pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens and Lenticula by whiche name it is knowen in Shoppes in Englishe Lentilles in Frenche Lentille in high Douche Linsen Lens ¶ The Nature The Lentil is drie in the seconde degree the residue is temperate †The Vertues The first decoction of Lentilles doth lose the belly If after the first boyling you cast away the broth wherein they were sodden and then boyle them agayne in a freshe water then they binde togither and drie and are good to stop the belly and agaynst the blooddy flixe or dangerous laske also they stoppe the inordinate course of womens termes but it wyll make their operation more effectual in stopping if you put vineger vnto them or Cichorie or Purselayn or redde Beetes or Myrtilles or the pill of Pomegarnates or dried Roses or Medlers or Seruices or vnripe binding Peares or Quinces
or Plantayne and whole Gawles or the berries of Sumach The pill or shel of Lentiles hath the like propertie and in operation is of more force then the whole Lentil The meate that they vse to make of the husked or vnshelled lentil drieth the stomacke but it stoppeth not and is of harde digestion and engendreth grosse and noughtie blood They vse to swallow downe thirtie graines of Lentilles shelled or spoyled from their huskes against the weakenesse and ouercasting of the stomacke The lentil boyled with parched barley meale laid to swageth the paynes or ache of the gowte The meale of Lentiles mixed with hony doth mundifie and clense corrupt vlcers and rotten sores and filleth them againe with newe flesh The same boyled in vineger doth dissolue and driue away wennes and harde swelling strumes With Melilot a Quince oyle of Roses they helpe the inflammation of the eyes and fundement and with sea water it is good against the hoate inflammation called Erisipilas S. Antonies fier and suche lyke maladies The lentil boyled in salt or sea water serueth as a remedie against clotted clustered milke in womens breastes consumeth the abundant slowing of the same ⧠The Danger ensuing the vse of this pulse The Lentil is of hard digestion it engendreth windinesse and blastinges in the stomacke subuerteth the same they cause doting madnesse foolish toyes and terrible dreames it hurteth the lunges the sinewes and the braine And if one eate to muche thereof it dulleth the sight and bringeth the people that vse thereof in danger of Cankers and the Leprie Of Hatchet Fitche / Axsede or Axwurt Chap. xxxi Hedysaron Securidaca Axesiche or Axwurt Securidaca altera †The Description SEcuridaca hath small slender stemmes wherevpon grow small leaues spread abroade lyke to the leaues of Arachus or the wilde Vetche but smaller and rounder The flowers growe thicke togither after the sayde flowers there come long coddes round and small growing one agaynst another bowing inward crooking or crompling lyke vnto hornes within whiche crooked coddes is conteyned a flat seede with flower corners like to a litle wedge The roote is smal and tender The other Securidaca set foorth by Matthiolus in leaues is very well lyke to the aforesayd neuerthelesse his coddes be longer and not so much crooked and for that consideration not very well approching to the description of Securidaca set foorth by Dioscorides Ferrum equinum Horse shoe There is found another herbe with many stalkes trayling vpon the ground hauing at euery ioynt a leafe or rather a branche of leaues very well like to the leaues of the Lentil or Securidata but yet somewhat lesser betwixt those leaues the trayling branches it beareth smal yellow flowers in fashion lyke to the flowers of the Vetche or Lentill the which afterward do change into flat huskes or coddes the whiche are vpon one side full of deepe Chinkes or Cliftes and the graine or seede waxing ripe the saide coddes do turne crooked vpon one side so that they beare the forme and fashion of a horse shoe The sede also is crooked and turned rounde like a Croisssant or newe Moone ¶ The Place Securidaca as Galen saith groweth in some places amongst Lentiles or according to Dioscorides amongest Barley and wheate vnknowen in this Countrie and is not knowen to growe but in the gardens of Herboristes The thirde kinde groweth in some places of Italie and of Languedoc alongst the wayes and like vntoyled places †The Tyme Securidaca flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and afterwarde the seede is ripe The Horse shoe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August ⧠The Names The Pulse called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Securidaca of some also Pelecinon in Douch and French it hath no name that I knowe Turner calleth it in Englishe Axsich or Axeworte bycause Dioscorides saith the seede is lyke a two edged Axe The thirde kinde is called in Italian Fer di Caualla that is to say in Latine Ferrum equinum and in English Horse shoe in Frenche Fer de Cheual in Brabant Peerts ysere It shoulde seeme that this is a kinde of Securidaca and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter †The Nature The seede of Securidaca is hoate and drie of complexion The Horse shoe is in qualitie and vertue lyke to Securidaca as you may knowe by his bitternesse †The Vertues The seede of Securidaca openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the Splene and all the inwarde partes and is very good for the stomacke bycause of his bitternesse Of the like vertue are the newe leaues and tender croppes of the same Of Italian Fitche / or Goates Rue Chap. xxxij †The Description THis herbe is not muche vnlyke Arachus or the wild Vetche in stalkes and leaues it hath round hard stalkes and thervpon displayed leaues made of diuers small leaues lyke to the leaues of Vesseron or Arachus but muche greater and lōger The flowers be eyther cleare blewe or white and do grow clustering togither spikewise and like to the wild Vetche after come long small and round coddes wherein is the seede The roote is meetely great and doth not lightly die †The Place Galega in some Countries as in Italy groweth in the borders of feeldes it groweth also in the wood called Madrill by Paris Ye shall not lightly finde it in this Countrie but sowen in the gardens of Herbozistes †The Tyme Galega flowreth in Iuly and August and foorth with the seede is ripe Galega †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Galega Ruta Capraria and of some Foenograecum syluestre And some do also count it to be Glaux ▪ or Polygala but as I thinke it is nothing lyke any of them it is called in English ▪ Italian Fetche and Goates Rue ¶ The Nature Galega is of nature hoate and drie †The Vertues Galega as Baptista Sardus writeth is a singuler herbe against al venome and poyson and against wormes to kill and driue them foorth if the iuyce of it be giuen to little children to drinke It is of like vertue fried in Dyle of Line seede and bounde vpon the nauel of the childe They giue a sponefull of the iuyce of this herbe euery morning to drinke to young children against the falling sicknesse It is counted of great vertue to be boyled in vineger and dronken with a litle Treacle to heale the plague if it be taken within twelue houres Of the Pease Earthnut Chap. xxxiij †The Description THE Earthnut hath three or foure little stalkes or tender branches somewhat reddishe belowe next the grounde with clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh holde vpon hedges and al other thinges that it may come by The leaues be small and narrowe The flowers be of a fayre red colour and of an indifferent good smell After the fading of those flowers there come in their steede small coddes in which is conteined a
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
brode leaues and nothing prickley which is called the right Artechoke the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes which may be called the Thistell or prickley Artechoke †The Description Cynara Artechokes Cynaraealiud genus Prickley Artechokes The Thistell or prickley Artechoke hath great long leaues very much and deepely cut vpō both sides euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues and full of sharpe cruel prickles The stalke is long vpon the which grow scaly heades almost like the others They are both of one kinde not otherwise to be accounted for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other especially the Thistell Artechoke commeth of the seede of the right Arrechoke Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius who commaunded to breake the point of the seede for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde ¶ The Place These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde but are sowen and planted in gardens †The Tyme The right prickley Artechokes bring forth their great heades in August †The Names This kinde of Thistell especially the first sorte is called of Galen in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Math. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cynara Cinara Carduus Carduus satiuus of writers of our time Arocum Alcoralum and Articocalus in Frenche Artichaut in Italian Articoca in high Douch Strobildorn in Brabāt Artichauts folowing the Frenche the heades be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spondyli in Englishe the great and right Artechok The other is called Cinaraacuta in French Chardonnerette in Brabant Chardons It may be wel Englished the Thistel or prickley Artichoke †The Nature and Vertues The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten as Galen writeth in his boooke De Alimentis and of harde digestion wherefore they engender noughtie humours especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus in some good broth of beefe or other flesh then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle salt and vineger some vse them rawe with pepper and salt and the powder of Coriander and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste They are not vsed in medicine as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth Some write if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok being first srieped or soked in strong wine be eaten that they prouoke vrine and stirre vp the lust of the body Also they write that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes if after the taking cleane away of the pith the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended The same boyled in water and dronken doth strengthen the stomacke and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter It stayeth the inuoluntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman Of our Zadyes Thistell Chap. lxij †The Description OVr Ladies Thistel hath great broade white greene leaues speckled with many white spots set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalkes be long as bigge as ones finger at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus but lesser rounder and blacker The roote is long thicke and white Spina alba Our Ladyes Thistel †The Place Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie almost in euery garden of potherbes and is also founde in rough vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly the same yere it is first sowen and when it hath brought foorth his seede it decayeth and starueth †The Names This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina alba of some also Agriocinara Donacitis Erysisceptrum Spina regia and Carduus Ramptarius of the Arabian Physitions Bedeguar in Englishe Our Ladies Thistell in Frenche Chardou nostre Dame in high Douche Marien Distel and Frauwen Distel in base Almaigne Onser Vrouwen Distel in shoppes Carduus Mariae †The Nature The roote of our Ladies Thistel is dry and astringent The seede is hoate and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine is good for them that spit blood and for those that haue feeble stomackes and lose bellyes Taken in the same sort it prouoketh vrine and driueth it foorth It consumeth colde and soft swellinges being layde therevnto The wine wherein it hath bene boyled swageth the tooth ache The seede is giuen with great profite to children that be troubled with the crampe or the drawing awry of any member and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes or other venemous beastes Of the Globe Thistel Chap. lxiij †The Description THis thistel hath also great broade leaues of a sadde greene colour aboue or in the vpper side and next the grounde they are rough of a grayish colour deepely iagged and hackt rounde about the indented edges are full of sharpe prickley pointes The stalke is rounde and blatkishe as bigge as ones finger and of foure or fiue foote long whervpon grow faire round heades and rough bearing rounde about a great many of smal whitish flowers mixt with blew The roote is browne without †The Place This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes and such as loue herbes Spina peregrina †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly a yere after it hath bene sowen †The Names The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes in Latine Spina peregrina of Valerius Cordus Carduus Sphaerocephalus in high Douche Welsch Distel or Romisch distel in base Almaigne Roomsche distel Vremde distel that is to say the Romaynes Thistel or the strange Thistel How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes we knowe not except it be Acanthus syluestris wherewithall it seemes to be much like Turner calleth it Ote Thistel or Cotton Thistel in folowing Valerius Cordus we may also call it Globe Thistell bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle †The Nature This strange Thistel is hoate and drie the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell in rubbing it betweene your handes also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof †The Vertues This Thistell is not in vse that
I knowe except as some do write that in Italy they boyle the round heades with flesh and eate them like Hartechokes Of white Cotton Thistel Chap. lciiij †The Description ACanthium is not muche vnlyke our Ladies Thistell it beareth great large leaues al to mangled and cut by the edges and set full of sharpe prickles couered and layd ouer with a fine Cotton or soft downe The stalke is great thicke set full of prickiey stings at the top of the stalkes are rough heades in sashion like to the heades of our Ladies Thistel The roote is great and thicke †The Place This Thistell groweth here by the high wayes and borders of feeldes and in sandy vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth from the moneth of Iune vnto the eude of August and sometimes longer †The Names This Thistel is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthium in high Douche Weisz wege distel in neather Douche laude Witte wech Distel and Wilde or Groote witte Distel in Frenche Chardon argentin or Chardon saluage in Englishe White Cotton Thistell Wilde white Thistell and Argentine or Siluer Thistel Acanthium †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen write that the leaues or rootes of Acanthium dronken are good for such as are troubled with the cricke or shrinking of sinewes by meanes of the Crampe Of Granke Orsine Chap. lxv †The Kyndes BRanke Vrsine called Acanthos in Greeke is of two sortes as Dioscorides sayth to wit the garden and wilde Branke Vrsine †The Description The tame Acanthus hath great large leaues of a sadde greene color thicke and grosse smooth deepely cut in rent or iagged by the sydes or borders lyke the leaues of white Senuie or Roquet The stalke is long of the bignesse of ones finger couered with long little and sharpe poynted leaues euen all alongst vp to the toppe amongst the leaues doo growe fayre white flowers and after them broade huskes wherein is founde a yellowish seede The rootes be long and slymie The wild Acanthus is lyke to the wild Thistell rough and prickley but smaller then the aforesayde as Dioscorides writeth It is of leaues flowers and seede growing vpwarde lyke vnto the tame †The Place Branke Vrsine groweth in gardens and in moyst stonie places as Dioscorides sayth In this Countrie it is founde but onely in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme The garden Branke Vrsine flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and sometimes later Acanthus satiuus Branke Vrsine †The Names The tame or garden Branke Vrsine is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthus and Acantha of some Paederota Herpacantha Melamphyllon Topiaria Marmoraria and Craepula in the Shoppes of Italy and France Branca Vrsina in Englishe Branke Vrsine in Frenche Branche Vrsine in high Douche Bernklaw in base Almaigne Beerenclauw It is knowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie for they vse in stede of the same the herbe described in the next Chapt. Cooper in his Dictionarie calleth it Branke Vrsine Beare Briche and not Bearefoote as some haue taken it The wylde is called of Dioscorides Acanthus syluestris that is to say the wilde Acanthus †The Nature The roote of Acanthus is drie and temperate in heate †The Vertues The rootes of Acanthus taken in drinke do prouoke vrine and stoppe the belly They be excellent for suche as be troubled with crampes or drawing togither of sinewes and for such as be broken and those that haue the Ptysike or consumption or consuming feuer The same greene is good against burning and members out of ioynt and with the same is made very good playsters agaynst the gowte of the handes and feete Dioscorides saith that the wilde Acanthus hath the same vertue Of Douch Branck vrsine Chap. lxvi †The Description THE wilde Carrot or Cow Parsenep hath great rough blacke leaues much clouen diuided into fiue or sixe lesser leaues The stalke is long round and holowe within full of ioyntes and sometimes of an inche thicke at the top of the stalkes growe spokie flowers which are white after commeth the seede whiche is broade and flatte The roote is white and long ¶ The Place The wilde Carrot groweth alongst the borders of feeldes and in lowe grassie places and medowes †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and in this space the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in high and base Almaigne Branca vrsina and of some writers of our time Pseudacanthus or Acanthus Germanica in Frenche Panaiz sauuage in Douche Bernclaw or Berntaisz in Brabant Beerenclauw in English Wild Carrot or Douche Brank vrsine Some take it to be the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spondylium Turner calleth it Cowe Parsnep or Medo Parsnep †The Nature Medow or Cow Parsnep is of a manifest warme complexion Branca vrsina Germanica Wild Carrot or Cow Parsnep †The Vertues Douche Branck vrsine doth consume and dissolue colde swellinges if it be brused and layde therevpon The people of Polonia and Lituania vse to make drinke with the decoction of this herbe and leauen or some suche lyke thing the whiche they vse in steede of Bier or other ordinarie drinke Turner ascribeth moe Vertues to his Spondilion Of Carline Thistel Chap. lxvij †The Kindes OF this kind of thistel there be two sorts The one beareth white flowers vpon a stalke of a handful and a halfe long or somwhat more The other beareth a red flower without stemme Leucacantha Carlina White Caroline Thistel Spina Arabica Carlina minor The Arabian thistel or the lesser Caroline †The Description THE white Carline hath long narrow rough and prickley leaues deepely cut and mingled vpon both sides or edges and they haue red sinewes or ribbes in the middest of the leaues from amongst those leaues springeth vp a stemme or stalke of a handfull and a halfe long or somewhat more bearing suche leaues as aforesayd vpon whiche stemme groweth a round flat head set round about with sharpe prickles lyke the shelles or huskes of the Chestnut the which head or knappe is open wide aboue in the middle and thromde lyke Veluet and rounde about that Veluet throm or Crowne standeth a pale or inclosure of proper small white leaues whiche is the flower the flowers being past you shall finde a narrowe gray seede amongst the fine heare or downe The roote is long and rounde most commonly split diuided through the middest of apleasant smell and sharpe bitter taste The seconde kinde is lyke the other in leaues and rootes but it is smaller The flowers be of a fayre redde colour lyke the rose and growe harde by the leaues immediatly from the roote without stalke ' almost lying harde by the grounde The roote is reddish and of a strong smell †The Place The white Carline groweth in many places of Italy and Douchlande vpon high rough hilles The Herboristes
of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland and in Fraunce as Ruellius writeth it is yet vnknowen to vs. †The Tyme These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August †The Names The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the whiche name is distinct and separated from Acantha leuce as Dioscorides writeth of some it is called Polygonatum Phyllon and Ischias of the Auncient Romaynes Spina alba nowe they call it Carlina or Carolina bycause of Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romaynes vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence some call it also Cardopatium in Frenche Carline in high Douche Eberwurtz Grosz Eberwurtz and Waisz Eberwurtz in base Almaigne Euerwortele Witte Euerwortele and Carlina The other is also a kinde of Carline and is called in Frenche Petite Carline in high Douch Klein Eberwurtz and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele and Cleyne Carlina Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel whiche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina Arabica of some Acanthis and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha †The Nature The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree and drie in the thirde †The Vertues The roote of Carline boyled in wine is very good for the olde greefes of the side and against the Sciatica if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden The same taken in lyke manner is good for them that are bursten and troubled with the Crampe or drawing togither of the sinewes The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence for as we may reade al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence The same roote holden in the mouth is good against the tooth ache The same layde to with vineger healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche The lesser Carline is the Thistel which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha it stoppeth all issue of blood the inordinate course of womens flowers and the falling downe of Rheumes and Catarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes so that it be eaten Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues called in English Saint Marie Thistel Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus if theirallegations be true this place is to be amended Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne The figures here expressed Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon and to Leucacantha he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie or our Ladyes Thistel whereof we haue before written Chapt. 63. Of Wilde Caroline Chap. lxviij †The Description THis Thistel hath loÌ„g narrow leaues deeply cut vpon both edges or sides and prickley much lyke to the leaues of Carlina from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme about a foote high set ful of such leaues as are before described at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle and about the roundnesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower To conclude the knoppes with their prickles flowers and seede do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline sauing they be smaller paler turning towardes yellowe The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue †The Place This Thistel groweth in this Countrie in rude vntoyled places about the high wayes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August Carlina syluestris †The Names This Thistel is called in high Douch Dreydistel Frauwen Distel and Seuw Distel and in base Almaigne likewise Dryedistel It shoulde seeme that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris that is to say Wilde Carline It may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acorna of Theophraste †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion But what vertue or working it is of is yet vnknowen Of wilde bastarde Saffron Chap. lxix †The Description THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus that is to saye the right Bastarde Saffron The leaues be rough and prickley the little heades or knoppes are deckte with many small narrow leaues sharpe pointed and pricking out of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers lyke as in Carthamus of a faynt yellowishe colour but much paler than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past there is founde within the knoppie heades a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus but browner ¶ The Place This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atractilis Syluestris Cnecus Fusus agreâ—â—is Colus rustica of some also Amyron Aspidion Aphedron and PrÄ™sepium they call it nowe a dayes Syluestris Carthamus in French Quenoille rustique Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus vnknowen in Shoppes in Englishe Wilde Carthamus or Wilde bastarde Saffron †The Nature Wild bastard Saffron hath a drying qualitie and partly digestiue †The Vertues The tender Croppes leaues and seede of this Thistel wel brayed with Pepper and wine is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions Men say also as Dioscorides hath written that such as be stongue with the Scorpion do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes but as soone as they let it goe the ache and payne taketh them agayne Atractilis Of Blessed Thistel Chap. lxx †The Description BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues deepely cut and parted on both sides or edges The stalkes be also rough hearie creeping or rather lying vpon the ground and set full of smal leaues but lyke the other it beareth rough knoppes or heades beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted little prickley leaues out of whiche growe the flowers of a faint yellowish colour The whiche being past and gone there is founde in the knoppes a long gray seede bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cotton The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes †The Place This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens Atractilis birsutior †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is also taken of Plinie and Theophrast for a kind of Atractilis and they call it Atractilis hirsutior It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus benedictus and Cardo benedictus and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss in high Douch Cardobenedict and Besegneter Distel in base Almaigne
Cardobenedictus in Englishe Blessed Thistel and Carduus benedictus †The Nature Blessed Thistel is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The Blessed Thistel taken in meate or drinke is good agaynst the great payne and swimming giddinesse of the head it doth strengthen memorie and is a singuler remedie against deafenesse The same boyled in wins and dronken hoate healeth the griping paynes of the belly causeth sweate prouoketh vrine driueth out grauel and moueth womens flowers The wine wherein it hath bene boyled doth cleanse and mundifie the infected stomacke and is very good to be dronken against feuer quartaynes The powder thereof dronken in wine doth ripe and digest cold fleme in the stomacke and purgeth and bringeth vp that which is in the breast scouring the same and causeth to fetche breath more easily To be taken in like manner it is good for such as begin to haue the Ptysick or consumption A Nut shell full of the powder of Carduus benedictus is giuen with great profite against the pestilence so that suche as be infected with the sayde disease do receiue of the powder as is abouesayde within the space of xxiiij houres and afterward sweate they shal be deliuered incontinent The like vertue hath the wine of the decoction of the same herbe dronken within xxiiij houres after the taking of the sayde sicknesse The Blessed Thistel or the iuyce thereof taken in what sorte soeuer it be is singuler good agaynst al poyson so that whatsoeuer he be that hath taken poyson he shall not be hurt therewithall if immediatly he take of Carduus benedictus into his body as was proued by two young folke whiche when they could not be holpē with treacle yet were they made whole by the vse of blessed Thistel as Hierome Bock writeth The iuyce of the same dropped into the eyes taketh away the rednesse and dropping of the eyes The greene herbe pound and layd to is good agaynst al hoate swellinges Erysipilas and sores or botches that be harde to be cured especially for them of the pestilence and it is good to be layde vpon the bitinges of Serpentes and other venemous beastes Of Scolymus or the Wilde Thistel Chap. lxxi †The Kindes IN this Countrie there is founde three sortes of wilde Thistelles commonly growing by the way sydes and in the borders of feeldes and in wooddes the whiche are all comprised vnder the name of wilde Thistelles Scolymus Carduus syluestris Wild Thistel Cardui syluestris tertium genus The third kind of wild Thistel †The Description THE first kinde of these Thistels groweth about a foote a halfe high it hath a round stem ful of branches and set with prickley leaues like the leaues of Acanthium but smaller and nothing at all frized or Cottonie of a browner colour at the top of the stalke grow round rough knops set round about full of sharpe prickles in fashion lyke to a Hedge Hogge the whiche being open do shewe foorth a faire purple flower within the whiche groweth the seede lyke to the seede of the other Thistelles but smaller The roote is long and browne and very full of threddes or sucking stringes The second kinde groweth three or foure foote high and beareth a rounde naked stemme with a few branches The leaues be like to the leaues aforesaid set on euery syde with sharpe prickles but they be smaller and not so large as the leaues of the other The knoppes smal and somewhat long not very sharpe or pricking the whiche when it openeth putteth foorth a purple flower The roote is blacke and of a foote long The third kind of wild Thistel groweth also to the length of three or foure foote hauing a straight stemme without many branches but set full of cruell prickles the leaues are lyke to them of the seconde kinde The knoppes of this Thistel are smaller then the knoppes of the seconde The flowers are purple The seede is white and very smal And for his roote it is nothing els but smal hearie sucking stringes †The Place These Thistels grow in all places of this Countrie by the way sides in the feeldes The second and the third sort are lykewise founde in medowes †The Tyme The Thistels flower in Iuly and August †The Names These Thistels be called Cardui syluestres that is to say Wild Thistels the two first sortes are of that kind of wild Thistels called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie in Latin Carduus syluestris also Limoniū of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pherusa and Pyracantha Cooper calleth this wild Artichoke and Cowthistel The third is also a kinde of wild Thistel yet it is not Scolymus but it may be wel called Carduus Asininus that is to say Asse Chistel †The Nature The wilde Thistel is hoate and dry in the second degree as Galen writeth †The Vertues The roote of the wilde Thistel especially that of the second kinde which is blacke and long boyled in wine dronke purgeth by vrine and driueth forth al superfluities of the blood causeth the vrine to stincke to be of a strong smel also it amendeth the stenche of the armepittes and of all the rest of the body The same layd to with vineger healeth the wild scurffe noughty scabbe Plinie writeth that in some places men do vse to eate this roote the first buddes or tender croppes of the same as Galen reporteth but it nourisheth but little and the nourishment that it yeeldeth is waterie and nought Of Tribulus Chap. lxxij †The Kyndes THeophrast and Dioscorides haue described two kindes of Tribulus the one of the lande whiche is also of two kindes The other of the water called Saligot †The Description THE first kind of Tribulus terrestris hath long branches ful of ioyntes spread abroade vpon the ground garnished with many leaues set about with a sort of litle round leaues stāding in order one by another all fastened and hanged by one sinewe or ribbe lyke the leaues of the Ciche pease amongst whiche growe small yellowe flowers made fashioned of fiue small leaues almost like the leaues of Tormētil or white Tansey called in Latine Potentilla the whiche doo turne to a square fruit ful of sharpe prickles wherein is a Nut or kernel the roote is white ful of threedy stringes Tribulus terrestris Theophrasti prior The Saligot or water Tribulus hath long slender stalkes growing vp and rising from the bottom of the water and mounting aboue the same weake and slender beneath vnder the water hauing here and there certaine tuftes or tassels full of small stringes and fine threddie heares but the sayde stalke is big or great in the vpper part where as the leaues grow foorth vpō long stemmes the said leaues be large and somewhat round a litle creauesed and toothed rounde about amongst vnder the leaues groweth the fruite which is triangled harde sharpe pointed and prickley Within the whiche is conteined a
and like Cliuer but muche lesser and gentler very smothe and without roughnesse The flowers be yellow and growe clustering about the toppes of the branches like to wilde Madder the roote is tender with hearie threddes or strings hanging at it ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in vntoyled places and hylly groundes as vppon Roesselberch by Louaine †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This Herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Gallium of some Galation Galerium in Spanish Yerua Coaia leche in French Petit Muguet in Douch Walstroo and as Matthiolus and Turner write Vnser Frauwen Wegstro and of some Megerkraut we may also name it Pety Muguet Cheese runnning or our Ladies bedstraw Gallion †The Nature Gallion is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The flowers of Gallion pounde and layde vpon burninges drawe foorth the inflammation and heate and heale the sayde burninges The same layde vnto woundes or put into the nose stoppe bleeding The leaues of Gallion mingled with Oyle of rooses and set in the Sonne and afterwarde layde vpon wearied members doo refreshe and comfort them The rootes prouoke men to their naturall office in Matrimonie The herbe may serue for Rennet to make Cheese for as Matthiolus vpon Dioscorides writeth the people of Tuscane or Hetruria doo vse it to turne their milke bycause the Cheese that they vse to make of Yeowes and Goates mylke shoulde be the pleasanter and sweeter in taste Of Woodrow / or Woodrowel Chap. lxxvi †The Description WOodrowe hath many square stalkes full of ioyntes at euery knot or ioynt are seuen or eight long narrow leaues set rounde about lyke a starre almost like the leaues of Cliuer or Goosegrasse but broader and nothing rough The flowers grow at the toppe of the stemmes or branches of a white color and pleasant of smell as all the herbe is The seede is round and somwhat rough †The Place In this Countrie they plante it in all gardens and it loueth darke shadowie places and deliteth to be neare olde moyst walles †The Tyme Woodrowe flowreth in may and then is the smell most delectable Asperula ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Latine Asperula Cordialis Herba Stellaris and Spergula odorata in high Douch Hertzfreydt and Walmeyster in base Almaigne Walmeester in Frenche Muguet by the whiche name it is best knowen in most places of Brabant Some woulde haue it a kinde of Liuerwort and therefore it is called of them in Latine Hepataria Hepatica Iecoraria and in high Douche Leberkrant The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do call it Iua muscata and do vse it in steede thereof not without great errour ¶ The Nature Woodrow taketh part of some heate drynesse not much vnlike to Gallion †The Vertues Woodrowe is counted a very good herbe to consolidate and glewe togither woundes to be vsed in lyke maner as those herbes we haue described in the ende of the first booke Some say if it be put into the wine whiche men doo drinke that it reioyseth the hart and comforteth the diseased liuer Of Golden Croswort / or Muguet Chap. lxxvij †The Description CRoswort is a pale greene herbe drawing nere to ayellow Popingay colour couered or set full of fine cotton or soft heares hauing many square stalkes ful of knottes or ioyntes The leaues be litle smal and short alwayes foure growing togither standing one against another in fashion lyke to a Crosse at euery ioynt aboue the said leaues growe vp from the sayde ioyntes many smal yellowish flowers growing round about compassing the stem lyke Crownettes or garlands and euery of the sayd litle proper flowers are parted againe into foure diuisiōs fashioned like to a smal Crosse The rootes be nothing els but a sort of smal tender threds †The Place Croswort groweth of his owne accorde by trenches and water courses and is founde vnder hedges in moyst places †The Tyme Croswort flowreth almost all the sommer long especially from May vnto August Cruciata †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Cruciata that is to say Croswort in Frenche Croysée in high Douche Golden Walmaister that is Golden Muguet in base Almaigne Crusette †The Nature It is drie and astringent †The Vertues Cruciata hath a very good propertie to heale ioyne close togither wounds agreeable for all manner of woundes both inwarde and outwarde if it be so sodde in wine and dronken They giue the wine of the decoction of this herbe to folke that are bursten and lay the boyled herbe right against or vpon the bursten place as some who haue made experience thereof do affirme Of Buckes Beanes Chap. lxxviij †The Description MArrishe Trefoyl hath brode smothe thicke leaues alwayes three togither vpon one stemme in fashion quantitie thicknesse and proportion of leaues lyke to the cōmon beane The stalke is smal of a foote and a halfe or two foote long at the top wherof grow white flowers and afterwarde rounde huskes or knoppes conteyning a yellowishe browne seede The roote is long white and full of ioyntes †The Place Marrish Trefoyl groweth in lowe moyst places in pooles and sometyme on riuer sydes †The Tyme It flowreth in May and in Iune the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called of the writers nowe a dayes Trifolium palustre in Brabant Bocxboonen that is to say Bockes Beanes bycause it is like the leaues of the common Beane it shoulde seeme to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Isopyrum whiche some doo also call Phasiolon bycause of the lykenesse it hath to Phasiolos as Dioscorides writeth Matthiolus confesseth that he neuer sawe the right Isopyron ⧠The Vertues The seede of Isopyron is good against the cough and other colde diseases of the breast to be taken with Meade or Hydromel it is also good to be taken in like manner of suche as spet blood and are lyuer sicke Trifolium palustre Of Foxetayle Chap. lxxix †The Description FOxetayle hath blades and helme almost lyke wheate as Theophrastus writeth but smaller and better like the blades stems of Couche grasse at the top or end of the stemmes growe small soft hearie eares or knoppes very like to Foxetayle †The Place Foxetayle groweth not in this Countrie but in certayne places of Fraunce in fieldes and alongst the sea coast †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Theophrast calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cauda vulpina in Englishe Foxetayle in Frenche Queue de Renarde in high Douche Fuchs schuantz in base Almaigne Vossen steert †The Nature and Vertues The Auncientes haue made no mention at all of the nature and vertues of this herbe Alopecuros Of Tragacantha Chap. lxxx †The Description TRagacantha hath many branchie boughes and twigs slender and pliant so spreade abrode vppon euery side
that one plante doth sometime occupie the roome or space of a foote or a foote and a halfe in compasse The leaues be as smal as the Lentil leaues whitish and somwhat mossie or heary set in rewes directly aunswering one leafe agaynst another all alongst a small twigge or slender branche neither greater nor lesse but like the boughes and leaues of Lentilles The flower is also lyke the blowing of the Lentil but much smaller almost lyke the blossom or flower of Ciche peason whitishe and sometimes marked with purple lines or strakes The seede is inclosed in smal huskes almost like to the wild Lotus or Trefoyl The whole plant on euery side is set ful of sharpe prickley thornes harde white and strong The roote stretcheth it selfe alongst in length vnder the ground like to the roote of the common Liquerise yellowe within and blacke without tough and limmer and harde to breake the which roote being layde in some feruent hoate place or in the Caniculer dayes laid in the Sonne it getteth a white gumme which is founde sticking fast vpon it Tragacantha †The Place Tragacantha groweth in Media and Creta as Plinie sayth it is also found in other Countries as in Prouince about Marselles whereas I haue seene great store †The Tyme Tragacantha flowreth in April the seede is ripe in Iune in the Caniculer dayes the gumme is founde cleauing to the roote ⧠The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragacantha and Hirci spina vnknowen in Shoppes euen amonst them where as it groweth The gumme also whiche commeth from it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragacanthae lachryma in Shoppes Gummi Dragaganthi in English Gumme Dragagant †The Nature Tragacantha as Galen writeth is of nature like to gumme Arabique that is to say of a drie and clammie complexion †The Vertues Gumme Dragagant is good against the cough the roughnesse of the throte the hoarsenesse and roughnesse of the voyce being licked in with honie For the same purpose that is to say for the roughnesse of the throte and sharpe Arterie or wind pipe They make a certaine electuarie in shops called Diatragaganthū They drinke it stieped in wine the quantitie of a dramme against the paine of the kidneyes and excoriation or knawing of the bladder in putting thereto Hartes horne burnt and washed The sayd gumme is put into Collyres and medicines that are made for the eyes to take away the acrimonie and sharpnesse of the same it doth also stoppe the pores and conduites of the skinne †The Choise You must chuse that whiche is cleare and shining smal firme and close well purified and cleene from al manner filth and sweat Of Ficus Indica Chap. lxxxi THis strange kind of plante commeth foorth of one leafe set in the grounde and sometimes it groweth high and is named of Plinie Opuntia nowe in these dayes Ficus Indica That Euphorbium commeth foorth lykewise of one leafe but yet it is separated from this kind for the leaues of Euphorbium be long rounde and thick fasshioned like vnto Cucumbers set on the sides with thornes Of that Euphorbiū writeth Ioannes Leo in his historie of Aphrica and is spoken of before in the second part of this booke in the cxvj Chap. Ficus Indica Of Buprestis Chap. lxxxij THis Worme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Buprestis in some places of the lowe Countrie he is called Veemol And is called Buprestis bycause it is hurtfull to cattel as namely vnto Oxen and kyen And is founde in certayne places of Holland and lykewise somtimes in Brabant and Flaunders where the kyen sometimes are bitten of them This worme is of the kinde of Scarabeen or Horswormes the whiche are named Cantharides or Spanishe Flyes and hath winges lyke vnto these and is of forme and bignesse suche as the figure doth shewe And this figure haue we set here bycause that some haue set foorth another worme not lyke vnto the true Buprestis Buprestis The end of the fourth Booke ¶ The fyfth part of the Historie of Plantes / treating of the differences / fashions / names / vertues and operations of herbes rootes and fruites whiche are dayly vsed in meates Set foorth by Rembertus Dodonaeus Of Orache Chap. i. †The Kindes ORache as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes the garden Orache and the wilde Orache Atriplex satiua Garden Orache Atriplex syluestris Wylde Orache †The Description GArden Orache hath long straight stalkes rounde next the roote and square aboue with many branches The leaues be almost triangled long and broade of a feynt yellow or white colour as if they were ouerstrowen with meale or flower especially those leaues that are yet yong and new sprong vp The flowers growe at the top of the branches a number clustering togither small and yellow and afterwarde commeth the seede which is broade and couered with a litle skinne or rime The roote is full of hearie stringes There is also another kinde of Garden Orache whose leaues stalkes and flowers be of a browne red colour but in all thinges els lyke to the leaues stalkes and flowers of the white Orache both in bignesse and proportion The wilde Orache hath also a long stalke moulded or crested with leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of the garden Orache but somewhat lesser and creuised or a little snipt rounde about The flowers be yellowishe The seede is harde and groweth thicke clustering togither lyke as the seede of the garden Orache The roote is full of heares Of this wilde kinde there is also founde another sort the whiche groweth not very high but remayneth lowe and spreade abroade into many branches It hath little long narrowe leaues nothing snipt or creuished about The flowers seede and rootes are very muche lyke vnto the wilde kinde before described †The Place The garden Orache groweth amongst other pot herbes in gardens The wilde Orache is founde alongst the feeldes and wayes †The Tyme Orache flowreth in Iune and Iuly and almost all the sommer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atriplex of some Chrysolachanon ▪ that is to say in Latine Aureum olus in Frenche Arroches or Bonnes Dames in high Douche Molten and Milten in base Almaigne Melde in English Orache The garden Orache is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atriplex satiua and Hortensis in high Douche Heymisch Molten Zam Molten and Garden Molten in base Almaigne Tam Melde The wilde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Atriplex syluestris in high Douche Wilde Molten Ackermolten in base Almaigne Wilde Melde The lesser wilde kinde is called in high Douche Kleyn Scheiszmilten in base Almaigne Cleyne Melde †The Nature Orache is colde in the first degree and moyst in the seconde especially garden Orache the whiche is more colder and moyster than the wilde Orache †The
almost in third degree especially the wilde which is more drie and of a scouring or abstersiue facultie †The Vertues These herbes eaten do comfort the weake and feeble stomacke and do coole and refresh the hoate stomacke specially the wild Endiue which is most agreeable and meetest for the stomacke and inward partes The same boyled and eaten with vineger stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the belly proceeding of a hoate cause The iuyce or decoction of Succorie dronken is good for the heate of the liuer against the Iaundise and hoate Feuers and Tertians The greene leaues of Endiue and Succorie brused are good against hoate inflammations and impostumes or gathering togither of euill humours of the stomacke the trembling or shaking of the hart the hoate gowte and the great inflammation of the eyes being layde outwardly to the places of the greefes The same layd to with parched Barley meale are good agaynst cholerique inflammations called Erysipelas and of some S. Antonies fier or Phlegmon The iuyce of the leaues of Endiue and Succorie layd to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger swageth headache The same with Ceruse that is white leade and vineger is good for al tumours impostumes and inflammations whiche require cooling Of Sowthistel Chap. xiij †The Kindes SOnchus is of two sortes the one more wilde rough and prickley called Sowthistel or milke Thistell the other more soft and without prickles which we may cal Hares Lettuce or Connies milke Thistel Sonchus syluestrior aspera Rough milke Thistel Sonchus tenerior non aspera Tender or sweete milke Thistel †The Description SOwthistell hath long brode leaues very deepely cut in vpon both sides and armed with sharpe prickles The stalke is crested holowe within spaced by ioyntes or knobbes couered or set with the like leaues At the toppe of the stalke growe double yellow flowers lyke Dandelyon but muche smaller when they be past there come vp white hoare knoppes or downie heades which are caried away with the wind The roote is long and yellow full of hearie stringes The tender Milke thistel is muche lyke to the aforesayd in leaues stalkes flowers and seede but the leaues be somewhat broder not so deepely iagged or cut in vppon the borders and they haue neither thornes nor sharpe prickles but are al playne without any roughnesse †The Place These herbes doo growe of them selues both in gardens amongst other herbes and also in the feeldes and are taken but as weedes and vnprofitable herbes †The Tyme Milke thistel and Sowthistel do flower in Iune and Iuly and most commonly all the sommer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª in Latine Sonchu of the later writers Cicerbitae Lactucellae Lacterones of Serapio and in shoppes Taraxacon The first kinde is called Sonchus asperior or syluestrior in high Douche Genszdistel Moszdistel in Brabant Gansendistel Melckweye in Frenche Laicteron and Laceron â–ª in Englishe Sowthistel and rough Milke thistel The seconde kinde is called Sonchus non aspera or Sonchus tenerior of Apuleius â—actuca leporina in Frenche Palais de lieure in high Douche Hasenkol in base Almaigne Hasen Lattouwe Hasen struyck Danwdistel Canijnencruyt in English the tender or soft Milke thistel †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie of complexion especially being greene and newe gathered for being dry or long gathered they are somewhat hoate as Galen sayth †The Vertues The iuyce of eyther of these herbes dronken swageth the gnawing paynes of the stomacke prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone and is of a soueraigne remedie against the strangurie and the Iaunders The same dronken filleth the breastes of Nurses with good and holesome milke and causeth the children whom they nourish to be of a good colour Of the same vertue is the brothe of the herbe dronken The iuyce of these herbes do coole and refreshe the heate of the fundement and the priuie partes of the body being layde thereto with cotton and of the cares being dropped in The greene leaues of Milke thistel are good agaynst all hoate swellinges and impostumations especially of the stomacke being brused layd thervpon The roote with his leaues being pounde and layde to as an emplayster is good against the byâ—…ges and stinginges of Scorpions Of Hawke weede Chap. xiiij †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kinds of Hawke weede the great and the smal of the smaller are also three sortes †The Description Hieracium maius Great Hawkeweede Hieracium minus primum Wilde Succorie The first kinde of the lesse Hawkeweede hath long leaues diuided and cut on the edges almost lyke the leaues of Dandelyon but not so bigge nor so deepely cut and lying flat vpon the grounde from amongst those leaues shooteth vp smoth naked brownish stalkes bringing foorth double yellow flowers in the top the whiche do turne into downe bawles or globes and do flee away with the winde The roote is long and slender smoothe and white The seconde kinde of the lesser Hawkweede is lyke vnto the aforesayde in stalkes and flowers the leaues do also lye spread vpon the ground but they be smaller narrower and more deepely cut then the leaues abouesayde This Hawkweede hath no deepe downeright roote but sheweth as though it were gnawen or bitten lyke to the roote of Deuils bit whereof we haue written in the first booke of this historie of Plantes and it is full of stringes The third is the least of al three his leaues be much lyke to the first Hawkweede and so be his flowers stalkes and rootes but altogither lesse The leaues be altogither smoothe and naked and not so brownish as the leaues of the first Hawkweede †The Place These herbes grow in vntoyled places as the borders of corne fieldes in medowes high wayes and the brinkes of ditches †The Tyme These herbes doo flower from Iune to September ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Accipitrina that is to say Sperhawke herbe or Hawkeweede Apuleius calleth it Lactuca syluatica picris and Thridax agria The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium magnuÌ„ of some Sonchites Lampuca or Sitheleas in Frenche Cichorée sauuage in high Douche Grosz habichkraut in base Almaigne Groot hauickscruyt That is to say the great Hawkeweede The lesser kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium paruum of some Intybum agreste or Lactuca minor in high Douche Klein Habichkraut that is to say the lesser Hawkweede in base Almaigne Cleyn Hauickscruyt The seconde lesser kinde is also called of some Morsus Diaboli in Douche Teuffels abbisz that is to say in English Diuels bit and in Frenche Mors de Diable bycause his roote is eaten or bitten lyke the Scabiouse Diuels bit Hieracium minus alterum Yellow Deuils bit †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie †The Vertues These herbes in vertue and
maior that is to say Great Groundswell in Brabant groot Cruyscruyt and of some Silsom in Frenche Grand Seneceon The seconde is called in Latine Senecio minor that is to say the lesse Groundswel in French Petit Senesson in Douch Cruyscruyt or cleyn Cruyscruyt the whiche is well knowen The thirde sort is a right Erigeron Senecio especially that which Theophras describeth for as it is abouesayde his flowers waxe sodenly white hoare from whēce it hath to name Erigeron Conrade Gesner calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and placeth it with the kindes of Conyza †The Nature Erigeron as Paulus writeth hath somewhat a cooling nature but yet digestiue †The Vertues The leaues and stalkes of Groundswell boyled in water or sweete wine and dronken healeth the ache of the stomacke that riseth of choler The leaues and flowers alone or stamped with a litle wine are good to be layde to the burning heate or inflammation of the stones and fundement The same mingled with the fine powder of Frankencense healeth all woundes especially of the sinewes being layd thereto The downe of the flowers layde to with a litle Saffron water are good for bleared and dropping eyes The same with a litle salt doth wast consume the kinges euil or strumes of the necke The small Groundswell is good to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vineger and is no euill or vnholsome foode Of Letuce Chap. xviij ¶ The Kindes OF Letuce are two sortes the garden and wilde Letuce and of the garden Letuce are sundrie sortes †The Description THe first kind of garden Letuce hath long brode leaues euen playne and smothe the whiche do neuer close nor come togither emongst which riseth a straight stalke full of white sappe lyke milke of the height of two foote the which diuideth it self at the top into sundry branches bearing yellow †The Tyme This Letuce flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lactuca sylnestris of Zoroastes Pherumbrum in shoppes Endiuia albeit this is not the right Endiue of some Seriola in Frenche Laictue sauuage in high Douche Wilder Lattiche in base Alemaigne Wilde Lattouwe in Englishe Wilde Letuce of Turner greene Endiue And this is the herbe that the Israelites did eate with their Passeouer Lambe †The Nature The wilde Letuce is partly colde and drie in the third degree and partly sharpe and abstersiue or scouring with some warmenesse ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the wilde Letuce dronken with Oximel that is honied vineger scoureth by siege the waterie humours It reconcileth sleepe and swageth al paynes also it is good against the stinging of Scorpions and the fielde Spider called Phalangium It is also good with womans milke to be layde vnto burninges The same dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and taketh away the clowdes dimnesse of the same The seede of this Letuce also abateth the force of Venus and is of vertue like to the garden Letuce seede Lactuca syluestris Of Purcelayne Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Purcelayne one of the garden the other wilde bysides these there is also a thirde kinde the whiche groweth onely in salt groundes †The Description GArden Purcelayne hath grosse stalkes fat round and of a brownred colour the which do grow vp to the length of a span or more vpō the sayd stalkes are the thicke fat or fleshie leaues somthing long brode round before The flowers grow betwixt the leaues and stalkes and also at the highest of the stalkes the which be very smal of a faynt yellowish colour The same being past there come little rounde close huskes in whiche is founde smal blacke seede The roote is tender and hearie The wild Purcelaine hath thicke fat round stalkes like the garden Purcelayne but tenderer smaller and redder the which grow nothing at al vpright but are spread abrode and trayle vpon the ground The leaues be smaller then the leaues of the other but the flowers sede is like These two Purcelaynes are full of iuyce and of a sharpe or quicke taste They are vsed in the sommer to be eaten in Salade as they vse Letuce Portulaca hortensis Garden Pyrcelayne Portulaca syluestris Wilde Purcelayne Portulaca marina Sea Purcelayne ¶ The Place The tame Purcelayne is sowen in gardens The wild groweth of his owne accorde in wayes and alies of gardens in some places it groweth vppon rockes cleeues and viniardes Sea Purcelayne groweth vpō bankes or walles cast vp in places adioyning to the sea and great store therof is founde in Zeeland and bysides the I le of Purbeck in Englande †The Tyme The garden wilde Purcelayne do flower from after the moneth of Iune vntill September and in this space they yeelde their seede The sea Purcelayne flowreth in Iuly ¶ The Names Purcelayne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Portulaca in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine in high Douche Burgel in base Almaigne Porceleyne in English Purcelayne The first kinde is called Portulaca satiua or Hortensis in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine domestique or cultinée in high Douche Heymisch Burgel or Burtzeskraut in base Almaigne Roomsche Porceleyne or tamme Porceleyne in English garden and tame Purcelayne The seconde kinde is called of the newe writers Portulaca syluestris in Frenche Pourpier sauuage in high Douche Wildt Burtzel in base Almaigne Ghemeyne or wilde Porceleyne in English Wild Purcelayne but yet this is not that wild Purcelayne which is described in some copies of Dioscorides the which is of a hoate nature or complexion The thirde kinde of Purcelayne of the later writers is called Portulaca marina in Frenche Pourcelaine de mer ▪ in Douch Zee Porceleyne This seemeth to be that herbe which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latinistes Halimus especially the seconde kinde described by Plinie †The Nature The garden and wilde Purcelayne are cold in the thirde degree and moyst in the seconde Sea Purcelayne is playnely hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues They vse to eate the garden and wild Purcelayne in Salades and meates as they do Letuce but it cooleth the blood and maketh it waterie nourisheth very litle yet for all that it is good for those that haue great heate in their stomackes and inwarde partes The same taken in lyke sort stoppeth all defluxions and falling downe of humours and is good for the paynes of the bladder and kidneyes it healeth them albeit they be exulcerated fret or hurt Purcelayne comforteth the weake inflamed stomacke it taketh away the imaginations dreames fansies the outragious desire to the lust of the body The iuyce of Purcelayne dronken hath the same vertue also it is good against burning feuers against the wormes that ingender in the body of man It is good for such as spit blood it stoppeth the blooddy flixe the fluxe of the Hemoroides
al issues of blood It hath the like vertue being boyled eaten The iuyce of Purcelayne powred vpon the head with oyle vineger roset swageth the head ache comming of heate or of standing to long in the Sonne The same throwen vp into the mother or matrix helpeth the burning inflammations exulceratiōs or gnawing frettings in the same powred in by a glister it is good against the flixe of the guttes exulceration of the bowelles The leaues of Purcelayne mingled with parched barley meale and layde to the inflammations of the eyes easeth the same and taketh away the hoate swelling so it is likewise good against S. Antonies fier called Erysipelas against the heate and payne of the head and against all hoate inflammations and tumours The same eaten rawe are good against the teeth being set on edge or astonied and it fasteneth them that be loose To conclude Purcelayne cooleth all that is hoate wherefore being layde vpon woundes eyther by it selfe or with the meale of parched barley it preserueth woundes from inflammation The seede of Purcelayne beyng taken kylleth and driueth foorth wormes and stoppeth the laske The Sea Purcelayne is gathered in the sommer and is of some preserued and kept in vineger for Salade to be eaten at winter like Capers for being so eaten it doth heate and comfort the stomacke causeth good appetite or meate lust and prouoketh vrine If this Purcelayne be Halimus the roote thereof is good against crampes and drawing awry of sinewes burstinges and gnawinges in the belly to be taken in Meade the waight of a dramme It also causeth Nurses to haue store of milke Of Sampiere Chap. xxi Crithmum Crithmum spinosum †The Description SAmpiere hath fat thicke long smal leaues almost lyke Purcelayne the stalke is rounde of a foote or a foote and a halfe long bearing round spokie tufts which bring foorth litle white flowers and a seede lyke Fenyll but greater The roote is thicke and of a pleasant sauour Searche the commentaries of Matthiolus in the seconde booke of Dioscorides there you shal finde three kindes more of Crithmum Of this is founde another kinde of Crithmus whose leaues are lyke vnto the first the crowne set about with harde pricking thornes otherwise in all thinges like vnto the other Yet is there founde a thirde kinde of Crithmus the whiche bringeth foorth many stalkes of one roote set about with long small leaues the whiche are very thicke vpon the top of the stalkes grow yellow flowers almost lyke vnto the flowers of Chrysanthemū in the middes yellow and round about set with yellow leaues The roote is long And this herbe is of taste like vnto the first Crithmus the whiche is very lyke to Creta marina †The Place This herbe groweth in salt ground by the sea coast and is found very plentifully in many places of Spayne Fraunce and England alongst the shoare or coast The Herboristes of this Countrie doo plant it in their gardens †The Tyme Sampiere bloweth in this Countrie in August and September but wheras it groweth of his owne kind it flowreth more timely †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crithmum and Bati in shoppes Creta marina by whiche name it is knowen in Brabant in French Bacille Crete marine and Fenoil marin in Englishe Sampier and Crestmarine †The Nature Crestmarine is drie and scouring and meetely warme †The Vertues The leaues seede or rootes or al togither boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers helpeth muche against the Iaundise They keepe and preserue the leaues branches of Crestmarin or Sampier in vrine or pickle to be eaten lyke Cappers for being so eaten they are good for the stomacke and open the stoppinges of the liuer the splene and the kidneyes Crithmus Chrysanthemus Of Brookelime Chap. xxij †The Description BRookelime hath rounde fat stalkes full of branches vppon the same fat thicke leaues the which being brused do yeelde a good sauour At the toppe of the stalkes and branches growe many fayre blewe flowers not much vnlike the flowers of blewe Pimpernel The roote is white ful of hearie stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the borders brinkes of ditches and pooles and sometimes also by running streames and brookes harde by the water so that sometimes it is ouerflowen and drenched in the same †The Tyme Brookelime flowreth in May and Iune ⧠The Names This herbe is called now in these dayes Anagallis aquatica and Becabunga and of some it is taken for that herbe that of Dioscorides is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cepaea and it Anagallis Aquatica seemeth to be a kinde of Soum of the whiche is written by Cratenas in high Douche Wasserpunghen Bachpunghe or Punghen in base Almaigne Waterpunghen in English Brookelyme †The Nature This herbe is hoate almost in the seconde degree †The Vertues Brookelime leaues dronken in wine do helpe the strangullion the inward scabbes of the bladder especially if it be taken with the roote of Asparagus or Sperage They be also eaten with oyle and vineger and are good for them that are troubled with the strangurie and stone Of Earth Chesnut Chap. xxiij †The Description THE small Earth Chestnut hath euen crested stalkes of a foote and a halfe long or more The first leaues are lyke the leaues of common Parsely but they be lesser smaller iagged they that grow about the stemme are not muche vnlyke the leaues of Dil the flowers which are white do growe in spokie tuftes lyke the toppes of Dyl The seede is small of a flagrant smel not much vnlyke the seede of Commin or Fenill but a great deale smaller The roote is rounde lyke a wherrow or wherle or rather like a litle round appel browne without and white within in taste almost lyke to Carrottes ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Hollande and Zeelande in corne feeldes alongst the wayes there is good store of it in some places of Englande The Herboristes of Brabant do plant it in their gardens †The Time This herbe flowreth and deliuereth his seede in Iune Bolbocastanon †The Names This herbe is called in Zeelande Cleyn Eerdtnoten some Herboristes take it for Apios others for Meum and the thirde for Bulbina but it hath no lykenesse vnto any of them three it seemeth better in my iudgement to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bolbocastanon of Alexander Trallianus the whiche the later Grecians do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agriocastanon wherevnto it is very muche lyke for the roote is lyke Bulbus and in taste it is muche lyke to the Chestnut in consyderation whereof it may be well be called Bolbocastanon and Agriocastanon in French Noix-Chastaigne in base Almaigne Eerdtrastanien in English Earth Chestnut †The Nature Bolbocastanon is hoate almost in the seconde degree and somewhat astringent the seede is hoate and drie almost in the thirde
adioyning to waters and ditches The second kind is a stranger in this Countrie therfore not to be founde but amongst certaine diligent herboristes Althaea Marshe Mallowe or flymie Mallowe Ibiscus Theophasti Abutilon Auicennae Yellow Hibiscuus or Abtilno †The Time It flowreth togither with the other Mallowes The seconde forte is sowen in Marche or Aprill and deliuereth his flower and seede about the ende of Sommer †The Names These kindes of Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Althaea and Hibiscus of Galen Anadendron of some Aristalthaea in shoppes Bismalua and Maluauiscum in French Guymaulue in high Douche Ibisch oder Eibisch in base Almaigne Witte Malue or Witte Huemst in English Marrish Mallowe and white Mallowe The seconde kind is called of Theophrastus also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Hibiscus and to be knowen from the other Hibiscus Theophrasti of Auicenne it is called Abutilon by the whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes †The Nature Marshe Mallow is temperate in heate as the other Mallowes but dryer euen in the first degree †The Vertues The roote of Marsh Mallow boyled in wine and dronken is good against the paine and griefe of the grauel and stone the blooddy flixe the Sciatica the trembling shaking of any member for suche as are troubled with crampes and burstinges The same boyled in sweet new milke healeth the cough as Plinie writeth It is good also against the toothache for it swageth the payne being boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth The same boyled in wine or honyed water and brused or pounde very smal doth cure and heale newe woundes and it doth dissolue and consume all colde tumours and swellinges as wennes and hard kernelles also the impostumes that chaunce behinde the eares and for the burning impostume of the pappes it softeneth tumours it ripeth digesteth breaketh and couereth with skinne olde impostumes and blastinges or windie swellinges it cureth the riftes and chappes of the fundament and the trembling of the smewes sinewie partes The same so prepared and pounde with Swines grease Goose grease or Turpentine doth mollifie and swage the impostumes and sores of the mother and openeth the stoppinges of the same being put in as a pessarie or mother suppositorie The leaues are good for all the greefes aforesayde being vsed in like manner yet they be nothyng so vertuous as the roote The leaues of marshe Mallow beyng layde to with oyle do heale the burninges and scaldinges with fire and water and are good against the bytinges of men and Dogges and against the stinginges of Bees and Waspes The seede greene or dried pounde and dronke healeth the blooddy flyxe and stoppeth the laske and all issue of blood The seede eyther greene or dry layd to with vineger taketh away freckles or fowle spottes of the face both white and blacke but ye must annoynt your selfe eyther in the hoate Sonne or els in a hoate house or stewe The same boyled eyther in water vineger or wine is good to be dronken of them whiche are stongue with Bees and Waspes Of verueyne Mallow / or cut Mallow Chap. xxvi †The Description CUT Mallow as witnesseth Diosorides is a kind of wild Mallow whose leaues are more clouen deeper â—…t and diuided into sundry partes almost lyke the leaues of Veruayne but muche larger The stalkes be round and straight two or three foote high The flowers be of a cleare redde or incarnate colour in figure like to the flowers of the other Mallowes after the flowers commeth the seede also fashioned lyke litle cheeses The roote is thicke and two foote long or more white within †The Place This herbe groweth in vntoyled places in the borders of fieldes and hedges and is not very common in this Countrie †The Tyme Cut Mallow flowreth at Midsomer as the other wilde Mallowes or Hockes Alcea †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alcea vnknowen in shoppes of some Herba Simeonis Herba Hungarica in high Douche Sigmars kraut Sigmundswurtz or Hochlenten in Frenche Guymaulue sauuage â–ª in base Almaigne Sigmaerts cruyt in English Verueyn Mallow or cut Mallowe this is also a kinde of marshe or slymie Mallow Symons Mallow †The Nature Cut Mallow is temperate betwixt heate and colde and hath somewhat a drying nature †The Vertues The roote of cut Mallowe or Symons slymie Mallowe boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the blooddy flyxe and healeth and glueth togither woundes and inwarde burstinges Of Venisse Mallow Chap. xxvij †The Description THe Venitian Mallow hath rounde tender stalkes with handesome branches the leaues be of a darke greene thicke or fat clouen iagged not much vnlyke the leaues of cut Mallow or the wild Guy Mallow of a shining darke colour not muche vnlyke the colour of the leaues of Acanthus The flowers growe at the toppe of the stalkes and are the fayrest amongst al the sortes of Mallowes almost lyke in making to the flowers of the other Mallowes diuided also into fiue leaues the extremitie outside of the leaues are white or pale but the middle or inner part of the flower is of a browne red purple with a yellowe Dodkin or Pestil lyke golde in the middle These flowers do not open at all vntyll three or foure houres after sonne rising or an houre or two before noone or there aboutes and when they haue remayned open or spreade abrode the space of an houre or an houre a halfe they close togither agayne and fade or wither away the whiche being past there come in their steede little huskes or bladders wherein are smal knoppes or hearie pellettes in whiche is a blacke seede The roote is smal and tender and perisheth yerely so that it must be newe sowen euery yeere Alcea Veneta †The Place This herbe is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde at all except in the gardens of some Herboristes where as it is sowen †The Tyme They sowe it in Marche or Aprill and it flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe of the later writers is taken for a kinde of Alcea and is called Alcea Veneta that is to say The slymie or Mucculage Mallow of Vennis of some Malua Theophrasti in high Douch Venediger Pappeln or wetter Roszlin in base Almaigne Veneetsche Maluwe This is not Hypecoon as Matthiolus takes it but it shoulde rather seeme to be Solanum Manicum described in the xcij. Chapter of the thirde booke wherevnto it resembleth muche †The Nature The Mucculage Mallowe is hoate and moyst lyke to the common Hocke or great wilde Mallow we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the common Mallow yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same ⧠The Vertues Forasmuche as this Mallowe is hoate and moyst we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the
space of a whole night abroade in the ayre in a rawe holow Gourde if it be dronken fasting The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes the inflammations and rednes of the eyes and especially the hoate payne of the gowte being layd to the greeued places The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort or by it selfe vnto scaldings burnings and chafinges and hoate Cholerique inflammations called Erisipelas or S. Antonies fier The croppes and tender branches dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger cureth the blooddy flixe The rinde or barke of the Gourde burned into ashes doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters that come of burning and the old sores of the genitours being strowed therevpon The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber Of Rapes and Turneps Chap. xxxiij †The Description THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes and towards winter it will haue a round stalke vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Colewurtes to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers huskes seede The roote is rounde and thicke white both without and within somtimes as great as a mans head sometimes no bigger then ones fiste and sometimes smaller There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape yet not that sorte whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew whereof we haue alredy spoken in the Chapt. of Beetes but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid in rough leaues stalkes flowers coddes and seedes and and differeth but onely in this that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red in all thinges els lyke to the other as I vnderstande by some Herboristes who haue declared vnto me that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hungarie and Bohem doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens Rapa †The Place The Turnep loueth an open place it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes as at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes which do waxe very great but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes especially when the corne is ripe but they become nothing so great †The Tyme They are sowen at the beginning of sommer that they may waxe great and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne but the later sowing are neuer very great about April when sommer is at hand they bring foorth stalkes and flowers The seede is ripe in May and Iune †The Names Rapes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rapae in French Naneaux in high Douch Ruben in base Almaigne Rapen in Englishe Rapes and Turneps ¶ The Nature Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel so that it be moderately taken and wel digested but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse many superfluous humours in the body especially when it is eaten rawe for then it hurteth the stomacke causeth windinesse blastings and payne in the belly small guttes The same boyled in milke swageth the payne of the gowt being laid therto Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers healeth the kibed heeles The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe eyther baked or rosted good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles The croppes and young springes of Turneps eaten prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone The seede of Turneps or Rapes withstandeth all poyson and therefore is put to the making of treacles whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poyson and for the swaging of paynes The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body the seede dronken is of the same vertue the seede is also put into medicines that are made for the beautifying of the face and al the body as Dioscorides Galen and other approued aucthours testifie Rapes haue also a maruelous properrie to cleare the eyesight as Auerrois the Philosopher but enimie vnto Christ writeth Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle Chap. xxxiiij ¶ The Kindes The Nauew is of two sortes tame and wilde †The Description NAuew gentle or garden long Rape hath great large leaues almost lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes but muche smoother The stalke is rounde of a cubite long vpon the whiche growe flowers huskes and seede lyke to Turnep The roote is very long and thicke in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part euen vp to the top and the roote is not so long but shorter and rounder almost lyke to a wilde peare Napus hortensis Garden Rape Napus syluestris Wild Rape †The Place The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce especially about Paris The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes and such colde places †The Tyme The Nauew flowreth in the spring time like the Turnep and Colewortes †The Names The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Napi in high Douche Steckruben in Brabant Steckrapen and Parijsche Rapen that is to say Long Rape and Paris Nauewes Garden Nauew is called in Latine Napus satiuus in high Douch Truckē Steckruben that is to say the drie Nauew some do also cal it in English Nauet and Nauew gentle The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris in high Almaigne Nasz Steckruben that is to say the moyst or water Nauet †The Nature Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps as Galen writeth †The Vertues The Nauew taken in meate doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep otherwise in vertue and operation it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep The seede thereof is very good against poyson and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiues Of Rampion or wilde Rapes Chap. xxxv †The Kindes There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes the great and the smal Rapum syluestre paruum Litle Rampions Rapum syluestre aliud Wilde Rampions †The Description THE smal common Rampion his first leaues be roundishe almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of
or mother suppositorie It prouoketh vrine and casteth foorth grauel and is very good agaynst the strangurie and Dropsie and for suche as haue payne in the syde the belly and raynes It is good against all venome and agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Some men write that it maketh the women fruitfull that vse often to eate of the seede thereof The greene leaues of Carrottes brused with hony and layde to doo clense and mundifie vncleane and fretting sores The seede of the garden Carrot is in vertue lyke to the wilde Carrot but nothing so strong but the roote of the garden Carrot is more conuenient and better to be eaten Of Parseneppes Chap. xxxix †The Kindes There be two sortes of Parseneppes the garden and wilde Parsenep Pastinaca vulgaris Garden Parsenep Elaphoboscum Wilde Parsenep †The Description THE garden Parsenep hath great long leaues made of diuers leaues set togither vpon one stemme after the fashion or order of the leaues of the Walnut or Ashe tree whereof eache single leafe is broade or somewhat large and nickt or snipt round about the edges the stalke groweth to the height of a man channell straked and forrowed hauing many ioyntes lyke the stalke or stemme of Fenill at the toppe growe spokie tuftes bearing yellowe flowers and flat seedes almost lyke the seede of Dyll but greater The roote is great and long of a pleasant taste and good to be eaten The wylde Parsenep in leaues flowers and seede is much lyke the garden Parsenep sauing that his leaues be smaller his stalkes slenderer the roote is also harder and smaller and not so good to be eaten †The Place The manured and tame kinde is sowen in gardens The wilde groweth in this Countrie about wayes and pathes †The Tyme Parseneppes doo flower in Iune and Iuly and the garden Parseneppes are best and most meete to be eaten the winter before their flowring ¶ The Names The first kind is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie Pastinaca and the neather Douchemen borowing of the Latine do cal it Pastinaken in Englishe lykewise Parsenep in Frenche Grand Cheruy in high Douche Moren and Zam Moren and according to the same the base Almaignes call it Tamme Mooren Some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sisarum others take it for a kind of Staphilinus and Pastinaca And in deede it seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Pastinaca whereof Galen writeth in his viij booke of Simples The wilde kinde is called in some Shoppes Branca leonina or Baucia in Frenche Cheruy sauuage in high Douch Wild Moren in base Almaigne Wilde Moren it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Elaphoboscum and Cerui ocellus in Englishe Wilde Parsenep †The Nature Parsenep is hoate and drie especially the seede whiche is hoater and drier then the roote †The Vertues The roote of the garden Parsenep eatē in meates as the Carrot doth yeeld more and better nourishment then Carrot rootes and is good for the lunges the raynes and the brest The same roote causeth one to make water well and swageth the paynes of the sydes and driueth away the windinesse of the belly and is good for such as be bruysed squat or bursten The seede of the wilde Parsenep is good agaynst all poyson and it healeth the bitinges and stinginges of all venemous beastes being dronken in wine And truely it is so excellent for this purpose that it is left vs in writing that when the Stagges or rather the wild Hartes haue eaten of this herbe no venemous beasts may annoy or hurt them Of Skirwurtes Chap. xl †The Description THe Skirwurt hath roūd stalkes the leaues be cut and snipt about lyke the teeth of a sawe diuers set vppon one stemme not muche vnlyke the leaues of garden Parsnep but a great deale smaller smoother The flowers grow in round tuftes of spoky toppes and are of a white colour and after that commeth a seede somewhat broade as I reade in my copie but the Skirworte that groweth in my garden which agreeth in al things els with the description of this Skirwort hath a litle long crooked seede of a browne colour the which being rubbed smelleth pleasantly somewhat lyke the seede of Gith or Nigella Romana or lyke the sauour of Cypres wood The rootes are white of a finger length diuers hanging togither and as it were growing out of one moare of a sweete taste and pleasant in eating Sisarum ¶ The Place These rootes are planted in gardens †The Tyme These rootes are digged out of the grounde to be eaten in Marche and the least or smallest of them are at the same time planted agayne the which be good and in season to serue agayne the yeere folowing to be eaten But whan they be left in the grounde without remouing they flower and are in seede in Iuly and August †The Names This roote is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Siser and Sisarum some men cal it Seruillum Seruilla or Cheruilla in Frēch Petit Cheruy in high Douch Gerlin Gierlin of some Zam Rapuntzel in base Almaigne Suycker wortelkens and Serillen in English Skyrwurt and Skirwit rootes †The Nature Skirwurtes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of Skirrets boyled is good for the stomacke stirreth vp appetite and prouoketh vrine The iuyce of the roote dronken with Goates milke stoppeth the laske The same dronken with wine driueth away windinesse and gripinges of the belly and cureth the hicket or yexe Of Garden Parsely Chap. xli †The Description GArden Parsely hath greene leaues iagged in diuers places deepe cut and snypt rounde about lyke the teeth of a sawe The stalkes be rounde vppon the whiche growe crownes or small spokie toppes with flowers of a pale yellowe colour and after them a small seede somewhat rounde and of a sharpe or biting tast and good smell The roote is white and long as the roote of Fenill but a great deale smaller †The Place Parsely is sowen in gardens amongst wurtes and potherbes and loueth a fat and fruitfull grounde †The Time The common Parsely flowreth in Iune his seede is ripe in Iuly a yere after the first sowing of it †The Names The cōmon Parsely is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium and Apium hortense in shoppes Petroselinum and the Douchmen folowyng the same calleth it Petersilgen or Peterlin in neather Douchland it is called Peterselie in Frenche Persil or Persil de iardin in Englishe Parsely and garden Parsely Apium hortense †The Nature Garden Parsely is hoate in the seconde degree and drie in the thirde especially the seede whiche doth heate and drie more then the leaues or roote †The Vertues Garden Parsely taken with meates is very wholesome and agreeable to the stomacke it causeth good appetite and digestion and prouoketh
sede is ripe ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Caucalis of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Daucus syluestris vnknowen in shoppes Cooper calleth it Bastarde Parsley and sayth it is an herbe lyke Fenill with a white flower and commeth of noughtie Parsly seede Caucalis ¶ The Nature Caucalis is hoate and drie †The Vertues Caucalis prouoketh to make water like Daucus whervnto Caucalis is much muche like in vertues as witnesseth Galen Matthiolus attributeth many other excellent vertues to the herbe Caucalis as you may see in his Commentaries vpon the seconde booke of Dioscorides Of Smyrnium Chap. xlix †The Description THis herbe as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues lyke Parsley and they bende downewarde of a strong and pleasant Aromaticall smell with some sharpenes and of a yellowish colour greater and thicker then the leaues of Parsley at the top of the stalkes grow smal spoky tuffets or rundels lyke Dyll with yellowe flowers and after them a small blacke seede lyke the seede of Colewurtes it is sharpe and bitter in taste like Myrrhe The roote is of a good length playne and ful of iuyce of a good smal and sharpe taste blacke without and white within †The Place Smyrnium as saith Dioscorides groweth in Cilicia vpon the mount Amanus in stonie rough and drie grounde but now some diligēt Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Smyrnium in Cilicia Petroselinon and of some as Galen writeth Hipposelinon agreste that is wilde Alexander †The Nature Smyrnium is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The leaues and roote of Smyrnium doo appease and mitigate the olde cough and the hardnesse in fetching breath they stoppe the belly and are very good agaynst the bytinges and stingynges of venemous beastes agaynst the payne to make water The leaues of Smyrnion layde to doth dissolue wennes and harde swellinges that be newe it dryeth vp sores and exulcerations and gleweth togither woundes The seede is good agaynst the diseases stoppinges of the splene the kidneyes and the bladder it moueth womens natural sicknes and driueth foorth the after birth or secondines Smyrnion Dioscorides To be dronken in wine it is good against the Sciatique that is the disease of the hippes or hanche It stayeth the windinesse and blastings of the stomacke taken as is beforesayde It prouoketh sweat and helpeth muche them that haue the Dropsie and is good against the comming againe of suche feuers as come by fittes Of Cheruill Chap. l. †The Description CHeruill leaues are of a light greene colour tender brittel much iagged and cut somewhat hearie and of good sauour The stalkes be rounde smal and holow vpon the which grow rundels or spokie tuffetes with white flowers and after them a long sharpe browne seede The roote is white and small †The Place Cheruill is common in this Countrie and is sowen in al gardens amongst wortes and potherbes †The Tyme The Cheruill that is sowen in March or Aprill flowreth bytimes and deliuereth his seede in Iune and Iuly but that whiche is sowen in August abydeth the winter and flowreth not before April next folowing †The Names This herbe is called of Columella Chaerophyllum and Chaerephyllum of the Apothecaries in our time Cerefolium in Frenche Cerfueill in high Douch Korffelkrant or Kerbelkraut in base Almaigne Keruel in English Cheruil and Cheruel †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie †The Vertues Cheruill eaten with other meates is good for the stomacke for it giueth a good taste to the meates and stirreth vp meate lust This herbe boyled in wine is good for them that haue the strangurie if the wine be dronken and the herbe be layde as an implayster vpon the place of the bladder It is good for people that be dul olde and without courage for it reioyceth and comforteth them and increaseth theyr strength Cerefolium Of Gingidium in Spanish Visnaga Chap. li. †The Description GIngidium in leaues flowers knobby stalkes and fashion is lyke to the wilde Carrot sauing that his leaues be tenderer thicker set and cut into smaller thrommes or iagged frenges and the stalkes be slenderer and playner and the whole herbe is neyther rough nor hearie as the wylde Carrot is but playne and smothe and of a bitter taste The flowers be white and growe vppon spokie toppes or tuftes lyke the wilde Carrot after them commeth the seede the which being ripe the stems with their spokie tuftes become stiffe and waxe strong and harde lyke small staues or little stickes and the spokes or little stickes of the tuft of this herbe the Italians and Spaniardes doo vse as tooth-pickes For the whiche purpose it is maruelous good and excellent The roote is white and bitter Gingidium †The Place This herbe groweth of his owne kind in Spayne and as Dioscorides sayth in Syria and Cilicia it is not founde in this Countrie but amongst certayne Herboristes †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in this Countrie in August and deliuereth his seede in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gingidium in Syria Lepidion and of some also as witnesseth Dioscorides especially of the Romaynes Bisacutum therefore it is yet at this day called in Spayne Visnaga vnknowen in the Shoppes of Douchlande Brabant and this Countrie it may be called Toothpicke Cheruill †The Nature Gingidium as witnesseth Galen is not so exceeeding hoate but it is drie in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues Gingidium eaten rawe or boyled with other meates is very good for the stomacke as Dioscorides sayth bycause it is drie and comfortable as Plinie writeth The same boyled in wine and dronken is good for the bladder prouoketh vrine and is good against the grauell and the stone The harde stemmes of the great rundels or spokie tuftes are good to clense the teeth bycause they be harde and do easily take away such filth baggage as sticke fast in the teeth without hurting the iawes or gummes and bysides this they leaue a good sent or tast to the mouth Of Shepheardes Needel or wilde Cheruil Chap. lij †The Description THis herbe doth not muche differ in the quantitie of his stalkes leaues and flowers from Cheruill but it hath no pleasant smell The stalkes be round and harde The leaues be like the leaues of Cheruil but greater and more finely cut of a browne grene colour The flowers whiche be white grow vpon crownes or tuftes after the whiche come vp long seedes muche like to smal packe Needelles The roote is white and as long as ones finger †The Place Ye may finde it in this Countrie in fat and fertill feeldes †The Time Shepheardes Needell flowreth in May and Iune and in shorte space after it yeeldeth his seede †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
flowers be of a pale yellow fashioned like a crosse after which commeth the seede which is reddish enclosed in long round huskes †The Place Mustarde or Senuie is so wen in gardens and feeldes The wilde kind groweth of his owne nature in stonie places and waterie groundes and alongst the high wayes †The Tyme The Mustarde and Charlock do flower in Iune and Iuly and during the same time they yeelde their seede ⧠The Names Mustarde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sinapi in shoppes Sinapis and Sinapium in high Douche Seuff in base Almaigne Mostaert in English Senuie and Mustarde The first kind is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sinapi hortēse in the shops of this Countrie Eruca in Frenche Blanche Moustarde in high Douche Weisser Seuff in base Almaigne Wit Mostaert in English White Senuie white Mustarde sede The seconde is also counted for a kind of Mustarde and of the later writers is called Sinapi commune in Frenche Seneue de iardin ou Moustarde noire ▪ in hygh Douch Zamer Seuff in base Almaigne Chemeyne Mostaert in Englishe the common Senuie or Mustarde The wilde kinde is called of the later writers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sinapi syluestre in French Sanele in high Douch Wilder Seuff in base Almaigne Wilden Mostaert ¶ The Nature The Mustarde especially the seede which men cal Senuie is hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues Senuie bruysed or ground with vineger is a wholesome sawce meete to be eaten with harde grosse meates either flesh or fishe for it helpeth their digestiō and is good for the stomacke to warme the same and prouoketh appetite It is good to be giuen in meates to such as be short winded are stopped in the breast for it ripeth and causeth to cast foorth tough fleme that troubleth or loadeth the stomacke and breast Mustarde seede chewed in the mouth draweth downe thinne fleme from the head and brayne appeaseth toothache it hath the same vertue if it be mingled with Meade and holden in the mouth and gargled They vse to make a good gargarisme with hony vineger Mustarde seede against the tumours and swelling of the vuula and the Almondes about the throte and roote of the tongue For the same intent especially when suche tumours are become harde and waxen old they make a necessarie and profitable gargarisme with the iuyce of Mustarde seede Meade for it slaketh wasteth or consumeth such swellings and hardnesse of the Almondes and throte Senuie dronken with Hydromel or honyed water is good agaynst the terrour and shaking of agues prouoketh the flowers and vrine The same sede snift vp into the nosethrilles causeth one to sneese helpeth thē that haue the falling sicknesse and women that haue the strangling of the mother to waken them vp agayne The same pound with figges layd to in manner of a playster taketh away the homming noyse ringing of the eares or head is good against deafnesse The iuyce of the same dryed in the Sonne and afterwarde delayed with hony cleareth the sight and taketh away roughnesse of the eye browes They make an emplayster with the same figges very good for to be layd vpon the heades of suche as are fallen into the Lethargie or drowsie euill and cannot waken them selues it is likewise good against the Sciatica or payne of the hanche the hardnesse of the splene or melte and against the Dropsie to be layde as an emplayster to the bellyes of suche as are greeued therewithall To be short this emplayster is of great force agaynst all colde greefes and diseases especially when they are waxen old for it doth warme and bring heate agayne into the diseased partes it digesteth colde humours and draweth them foorth Senuie mingled with hony and newe grease or with a Cerote made of waxe cureth the noughtie scurffe or scales in the head whiche cause the heare to fall of it scoureth the face from all freckles and spottes and taketh away the blewe markes that come of brusing If it be layde to with vineger it is good for Lepres wilde scabbes and running scurffe and is good agaynst the bitinges of Serpentes The parfume or sauor therof driueth away al venom venemous beastes Of Rapistrum or Charlock Chap. lvi †The Description CHarlock hath great rough brode leaues lyke the leaues of Turnep the stalkes be rough slender most commonly of a foote long with many yellow flowers coddes and seede like the Turnep but hoate or biting sharpe lyke to Mustarde seede The roote is small and single †The Place Charlocke groweth in all places alongst the wayes about old walles and ruynous places and oftentimes in the feeldes especially there where as Turneppes and Nauewes haue ben sowen so that it shoulde seeme to be a corrupt euill weede or enimie to the Nauew †The Time Charlocke flowreth from Marche or April vntill midsomer and the seede also rypeth from time to tyme in the meane space †The Names This herbe is called of the later writers Rapistrum and of some also Synapi syluestre in Frenche Velar or Tortelle in high Douche Hederich in base Almaigne Hericke in Englishe Charlock Rapistrum Charlock †The Nature Charlock and specially the seede is hoate and drie in the thirde degree and of temperament lyke Senuie †The Vertues This herbe of the later Physitions is not vsed in medicine but some with this seede do make Mustarde as with Senuie the whiche they eate with meate in steede of Mustarde whereby it is euident that the seede of this herbe doth not much differ from Senuie in vertue and operation and that it may be taken in steede thereof although it be not al thing so good and therfore it was reckoned of Theophrast and Galen amongst those seedes wherewithall men vsed commonly to prepare and dresse their meates Of Rockat Chap. lvij †The Kindes OF this herbe be found two kindes the one tame which is the common Rockat most vsed the other is wilde Eruca Rockat Eruca syluestris Wild Rockat †The Description THe tame Rockat hath leaues of a browne greene colour very much and deepely iagged or rather torne vpō both sides of a hoate biting taste the stalkes be a foote lōg or somwhat more vpon which grow many yellowe flowers and after them little coddes in whiche the seede is contayned The roote is long with hearie stringes and doth not lightly dye in winter but putteth foorth newe stemmes euery yere The wylde kinde is muche lyke to the garden Rockat sauing that it is altother smaller especially the leaues and flowers whiche be also yellower and do bring foorth small coddes Bysides these two kindes a man shall fynde in the gardens of this Countrie another kynde of Rockat called Rockat gentle or Romayne Rockat in leaues and flowers much lyke to the wilde Mustarde wherof we haue before spoken sauing that his leaues be not so rough nor hearie and are more conuenient to be
yellowe The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes The lesser water Cresse at the first hath rounde leaues then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides almost like the leaues of Rockat The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes of colour somewhat white or of a light Carnation after whiche come smal huskes wherein the seede lyeth †The Place The greater watercresse groweth in diches standing waters and fountaynes or springes The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are Sium Nasturtium aquaticum Great Watercresse Sisymbrium alterum cardamine Small watercresse ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season also in standing waters and diches †The Tyme The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August The lesser flowreth in May and almost vntil the ende of sommer †The Names The first kinde is called in high Douche Braun Kersz in base Almaigne waterkersse in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention in English Water Kars and Water Cresse The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium alterum cardamine of some also Sium in Frenche Passerage sauuage or Petit Cresson aquatique in high Douch Gauchblum wilder Kresz and Wisen Kresz in base Almaigne Coeckoecxbloemen and Cleyn Waterkersse of the Herboristes Flos cuculi of some Nasturtium aquaticum in Englishe the lesser Watercresse and Coccow flowers This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it †The Nature These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade either by it selfe or with other herbes for it causeth one to make water it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone and is good for suche as haue the strangurie and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes if it be laid therto in the euening taken away in the morning The wilde Passerage boyled in lye driueth away lyce if the head or place where they be are washed therwithall The kine feeding where as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter Of winter Cresses Chap. lxi †The Description THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues broade smooth and somewhat round not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage or garden Rape but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues The stalkes be rounde full of branches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers and after them long rounde coddes wherin is enclosed a litle seede The roote is thicke and long †The Place This herbe groweth in the feeldeg somtime also in gardens of potherbes places not toyled or husbanded †The Tyme This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter but it flowreth seedeth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Douche S. Barbarakraut and according to the same in Latine Sanctae Barbarę herba we haue named it Barbaraea the Frenchmen Herbe de S. Barbe in some places of Brabant they call it Steencruyt bycause it is good against the stone and grauel in Holland and other places Winterkersse bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades in steede of Cresses therefore it is called Nasturtium or Cardamum hybernum This seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudobunium of Dioscorides for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia or Scopa regia as some do take it Herbe Sainbarbe Pseudobunium Barbaraea †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast being either layde thereto or the iuyce thereof dropped in Also it is certaynely proued by experience that the seede of this herbe causeth one to make water driueth forth grauel and cureth the strangurie which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium Of Thlaspi Chap. lxij ¶ The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse or Thlaspi the which are not muche vnlyke one another nor vnlyke cresse in taste Thlaspi The first kinde of Thlaspi Thlaspi alterum The seconde kinde of Thlaspi or treacle Mustarde †The Description THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough of a foote and a halfe long vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers and afterward flat huskes and round with a certayne clouen brim or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske which chappe or clift causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde eger and burning the mouth and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons and is of a brownish colour The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large longer and broader then the first iagged or cut about the edges The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches vpon which grow smal huskes almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the aforesaid and hath more smal slender branches vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other but altogither smaller The fourth kinde hath long small rough white greene leaues the stalkes be of a wooddy substance round and tough or pliant vpō the same grow smal white flowers the whiche past it bringeth foorth broade huskes or seede vessels hauing a brownishe kinde of seede very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in feeldes and all alongst the same in vntoyled places about wayes there is store growing togither the one kinde in one place and the other in another †The Tyme These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thlaspi Capsella and Scandulaceum of some also Myitis Bytron Dasmophon Myopteron in high Douche Wilder Cresz in Frenche Seneue sauuage in base Almaigne Wilde Kersse it may be also called in Englishe Thlaspi The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides and is called in base Almaigne Visselcruyt and of some in Latine Scordothlaspi that is to say Garlikethlaspi Thlaspi minus Besom grasse The second kind is called of the later writers Nasturtium rusticum Sinapi rusticum in high Douche Baurn seuff or Baurn Kresz the neather Douchmen in folowing the same call it Boeren mostaert or Boeren kersse that is to say
Seneui or Carles Cresse or Churles Cresse Turner calleth Thlaspi treacle mustarde Bowers mustarde or dishe mustarde but I thinke it best next to Thlaspi whiche is the Greeke name to call it Churles mustarde both bycause of the strong and violent nature of this noughtie plant as also in respect of the Boures who began to be more mischieuous to the state of their Country then this herbe is to mans nature The thirde kinde is called Thlaspi angustifolium Thlaspi minus in high Douche Bysemkraut in base Almaigne Bessemcruyt that is to say Bessem weede or the herbe seruing for Bysoms Turner calleth this Iberis Dioscoridis The fourth without all doubt is a kind of Thlaspi but it hath no other particuler name †The Nature Thlaspi especially the seede thereof is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The seede of the first Thlaspi eaten purgeth choler both vpward downewarde it prouoketh womens flowers and breaketh inwarde impostumes The same as a Clyster powred in at the fundement helpeth the Sciatica And it is good for the same purpose to be layde vppon the greeued place lyke Mustarde seede †The Danger Seing the seede of Thlaspi is very hoate and of a strong or vehement working insomuche that being taken in to great a quantitie it purgeth or scoureth euen vnto blood and is very hurtful to women with child therfore it may not rashly be giuen or minished inwardly Of Candy Thlaspi Chap. lxiij †The Description THis herbe groweth with narrow leaues to the length of a foote almost lyke to the leaues of Iberis The flowers grow at the top of the plant in rounde tuftes lyke the flower of Elder of a white or light Carnation colour after them come flat huskes fashioned lyke the huskes of of the other Thlaspi but muche smaller within the whiche is contayned a seede of a sharpe biting taste lyke the seede of the other Thlaspi †The Place This herbe is not found in this Countrie but in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes †The Time It flowreth in Maye and shortly after the seed is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arabis Draba of Plinie as some men holde Dryophonon of the Herboristes at these dayes Thlaspi de Candie vnknowen in shoppes Arabis siue Draba ⧠The Nature Candie Thlaspi is in complexion lyke to the other Thlaspies †The Vertues They vse to eate the dryed sede of this herbe with meates in steede of Pepper in the Countrie of Capadocia as Dioscorides writeth Of Erysimon Dioscorides Chap. lxiiij †The Description ERysimon hath loÌ„g leaues deepely rent iagged vpoÌ„ both sides not muche vnlyke the leaues of of Rockat gentle or Romayne Rockat or wilde Mustarde The stalkes be smal slender and plyant and wil twist and winde lyke Ozier withie vppon the same stalkes or branches grow many yellow flowers after theÌ„ come litle slender huskes wherin also is a seede of a sharpe bitingt aste the roote is long and thicke with many smal strings or hearie threds Erysimon Dioscorides Iiro †The Place This herbe groweth in all places of this Countrie alongst the wayes and in vntoyled stonie places †The Time Erysimon flowreth very plentifully in this Countrie in the moneth of Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Irio of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaeplion This is the Erysimum of Dioscorides and not of Theophrastus for the Erysimum of Theophrastus is not all one with that of Dioscorides as we haue sufficiently declared elswhere Cooper Englisheth Irio by the name of winter Cresses †The Nature Erysimon is hoate and drie lyke Cresses †The Vertues The seede of Erysimon taken with honie in manner of a Lohoc and often licked ripeth and causeth to spet out the tough and clammie fleme gathered within the breast lunges likewise it is good against the shortnesse of breath and the olde cough it shal be the more conuenient for the same purpose if you stiepe the seede first in faire water and then drie it by the fire or els lappe it in paste and bake it for els it wil be to hoate The same seede so prepared and put into the medicines is good agaynst the Iaunders and gripinges of the belly against the Sciatica and against all venome and poyson The seede of Erysimon mingled with hony and water auayleth much to be layd vnto hidden Cankers harde swellinges impostumes behinde the eares the olde and harde impostumes of the breastes and genitours for it wasteth and consumeth cold swellinges Of Iberis Chap. lxv †The Description IBeris hath round stalkes of a cubite long full of branches the small leaues be narrowe yet a litle greater then the leaues of Cresses The flowers be smal white after which there folowe small shelles or huskes wherin the seede is the roote is somwhat thicke white in taste hoate sharpe †The Place Iberis groweth in Italy and other hoate Countries about olde walles and other vntoyled places The Herboristes of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme Iberis flowreth and is in seede at Midsomer ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iberis Cardamantice Lepidium and of some Nasturtium syluestre in English Iberis and of Turner Sciatica Cresse Iberis Sciatica Cresse ¶ The Nature Iberis is very hoate and drie of nature lyke to Cresses ⧠The Vertues The Auncient Physitions especially Damocrates say that the roote of Iberis mengled with Swines grease cureth the Sciatica gowt if a man binde of this oyntmeÌ„t to his hanche huckle bone or the aking place the space of soure houres the women two houres but immediatly after the remouing of this oyntment they must enter into a bathe Reade Turner for the rest of this cure vnder the title Iberis Of Dittander Dittany / but rather Pepperwurt Chap. lxvi †The Description DIttany whiche we may more rightly cal Pepperwurt hath long brode leaues not muche vnlyke the Baye tree leafe but a great deale larger and longer and a little natched or toothed about lyke a sawe The stalkes and branches be round vneasie or harde to be broken and about two foote high at the toppe whereof growe a number of small white flowers and after them a small seede The roote is long single creeping vnder the earth and putteth foorth yeerely in diuers places new springes and leaues †The Place Dittany is sowen in some gardens of this Countrie and where as it hath ben once set it abideth or continueth well so that afterwarde it cannot be easily destroyed †The Tyme Dittany flowreth is in Seede in Iune and Iuly ⧠The Names This herbe is called of the later writers in these dayes in Latine Piperitis of some also Sylâ—estris Raphanus in Frenche Passerage in high
vs we wyll write no more thereof but as we haue gathered frō the writinges of the Ancientes others which lately haue trauayled into those Countries who notwithstanding be not yet all of one mind or opinion for Plinie writeth that the tree which beareth Pepper is like to our Iuniper Philostratus saith the Pepper tree with his fruite is lyke to Agnus castus Dioscorides with certayne others do write the Pepper groweth in India vpon a litle or smal tree And that the long Pepper the which is lyke to the knoppes or agglettes that hang in the Birche or Hasell trees before the comming foorth of the leaues is as it were the first fruit which cōmeth foorth immediatly after the flowers the which also in processe of time do waxe long great and white bringing foorth many berries hanging togither vpō one and the selfe same stem The which berries being yet vnripe are the white Pepper and being ripe blacke is our common blacke Pepper Suche as trauel to the Indians Calecute the Countries there aboutes do say that Pepper groweth not vpon trees but vpon a plante lyke Iuie or Bindweede the which doth twist and wrap it selfe about trees and hedges bringing foorth long weake stemmes where vpon hang the Pepper cornes or berries euen like the Ribes or beyondsea Gooseberries as ye may see in this Countrie for Pepper is brought frō the Indians to Anwarpe preserued in comsiture with the stems and foote stalkes hanging in it The greene and vnripe berries remayne white and it is that we call white Pepper but when they be through ripe they waxe blacke full of shriueled wrinckles and that is our common blacke Pepper The same aucthours or later trauaylers do affirme that long Pepper is not the fruite of this plante but that it groweth vppon other trees lyke the thinges that you see hanging lyke Cattes tayles or Agglettes vpon the Nut trees and Birche trees in the winter the which fruit they cal long Pepper bycause in taste and working it is like Pepper ¶ The Place Pepper groweth in the Iles of the Indian seas as Taprobane Sumatra and certayne other Ilandes adioyning from which Ilandes it is brought to Calecute the which is the most famous and cheefest citie as also the greatest marte towne of the Indians and there it is solde not by waight but by measures as they sel corne in this Countrie †The Names Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Latine Piper in high Douche Pfeffer in base Almaigne Peper and in English Pepper Long Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper longum in Shoppes Macropiper The white Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper album in Shoppes Leucopiper The blacke Pepper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper nigrum in Shoppes Melanopiper †The Nature Pepper is hoate and drie in the thirde degree especially the white and the blacke for the long Pepper is not so drie bycause it is partaker of a certayne moysture †The Vertues It is put into sauces to giue a good smacke taste vnto meates to prouoke appetite and helpe digestion It prouoketh vrine driueth forth windinesse and paynes in the belly to be ken with the tender leaues of Bay or Commin it is also very good agaynst poyson and the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiue medicines The same dronken before the cōming of the fit of the Ague or layde to annointed outwardly with oyle is good against the shakings brusings of agues The same licked in with hony is good agaynst the cough comming of a cold cause and against all the colde infirmities of the breast and lunges The same chewed with Raysons draweth downe from the head thinne fleme and purgeth the brayne Layd to with hony it is good against the Squinancie for it consumeth and wasteth the swellinges and tumours The same with Pitche dissolueth the kinges euill and kernels and wennes or harde colde swellinges and draweth foorth shardes and splinters Pepper but especially long Pepper is good to be mingled with eye medicines or Collyries made to cleare and strengthen the sight Of Garlike Chap. lxxi ¶ The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Garlike that is the common or garden Garlike wilde Garlike and Ramsons Allium satiuum Garden Garlike Allium syluestre Crow Garlike Allium vrsinum Ramsons †The Description GArden Garlike hath leaues lyke grasse or Leekes amongst which the yere after the sowing come vp rounde holowe stems whiche beare flowers and seede lyke to to the Onyon The roote is rounde swelling out lyke the Onyon heaped vp with many cloues or kernelles ioyned togither vnder whiche hangeth a bearde or tassell of many small hearie stringes The wylde Garlyke hath no leaues but in steede thereof it hath long rounde small holowe pyped blades amongst whiche springeth vp a round hard stemme of two or three foote long vppon whiche grow the flowers and seede The roote is also round Bulbus fashion without cloues or kernelles growing in it yet sometimes it hath ioyned therevnto newe heades or or rootes from which spring new plants Of this sorte is founde another kynde whiche is smaller in all thinges els like the other aswell in leaues or blades stemmes and seede as also in rootes the whiche doo growe most commonly in medowes Allium vrsinum Ramsons The thirde kinde of garlike called Ramsons hath most commonly two drode blades or large leaues almost like the leaues of Liricumphancy or May Lyllies betwixt whiche commeth vp a stemme or twayne bearing many smal white flowers The roote is lyke to a young Garlyke head of a very ranke sauour and taste †The Place Garden Garlike is planted in gardens The wilde Garlyke groweth by it selfe in feeldes and hedges and medowes especially the smaller sort for the bigger keepeth the feeldes pastures most commonly Ramsons growe in moyst darke places †The Tyme The wilde Garlyke flowreth and is in seede in Iune and Iuly Ramsons flowreth in Aprill and May. †The Names Garlyke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Allium in hygh Douche Knobloch or Knoblouch in base Almaigne Loock The first kinde is called Allium satiuum in Englishe Garden Garlyke and poore mens treacle in Frenche Ail de iardin in Douche Tam Loock or Loock The seconde kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Allium anguinum Allium syluestre in French Ail sauuage in high Douche Wilder Knobloch or feld Knobloch in base Almaigne Wilt Loock in English Crow Garlike and wilde Garlike The thirde kinde is called of the later writers in Latine Allium vrsinum in Frenche Ail d'ours in high Douch Waldt knoblauch in base Almaigne Das Loock in English Ramsons Buckrammes Beares Garlike This shoulde seeme to be that Garlyke whiche Dioscorides calleth Scorodoprassum or as some others thinke Ampeloprasum †The Nature Garlyke is
betwixt which springeth vp a rounde holow stemme of a spanne long at the top thereof growe many yellowe sterrelyke flowers the whiche doo change into a three square or triāgled huske or huskes in which the seede is contayned The roote is rounde as an Onyon †The Place This Onyon groweth in diuers places of Almaigne in sandy Countries in dales and vallyes about brookes and little streames and sometimes also vnder hedges †The Tyme This kind of Bulbus flowreth in March and is in seede in April in short space after it vanisheth away so that in May folowing a man shal find neither stalkes neither leaues †The Names Howe this kinde of Bulbus hath bene called of the Auncientes or olde writers is not certainly knowē some think it to be Bulbina some others would haue it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Bulbus esculentus but as some learned men and I do thinke this Bulbus is Bulbus syluestris neyther the one nor the other And therfore we call it Bulbus syluestris the high Douchemen do call it feldswibel Ackerzwibel and there after it is called in base Almaigne Velt Ayeuyn in Frenche Oignon sauuage that is to say Wilde Onyon Turner calleth it Bulbyne wilde Leeke and Corne Leeke li. 1. fo 97. and in the first unpression fol. 5. †The Nature This wilde Onyon is hoate and drie in the seconde degree the whiche is to be perceiued by his bitter taste and rough astriction or binding qualitie †The Vertues Suche as haue put this Bulbus in proofe do affirme that it softeneth and driueth away harde swellinges being layde therevnto It is also with great profite applyed and layde vnto moyst corrupt rot ten festered fretting and consuming sores being first rosted vnder imbers and then pounde with hony and layde to Of the white felde Onyon Chap. lxxvij Ornithogalum minus Bulbus Leucanthemus Ornithogalum maius †The Description THis kinde of Bulbus at the first springing vp hath long small narrow grassie leaues or blades of a span long from amongst which springeth vp a rounde greene stemme of a span long or theraboutes bringing foorth foure or fiue smal flowers greene without and white within not much differing in proportion from the fashion of the Lylie flower especially before they be fully spread abroade and opened but they be much lesser The roote is rounde lyke an Onyon or Bulbe white both within and without and very slymie lyke Comfrey when it is brused or broken in peeces in taste somewhat sharpe This agreeth not with Ornithogalum of Dioscorides for his Ornithogalum is described to haue a certayne aglet or a thing called Cachryos growing vp in the middle of the flower Neither is it lyke to be Matthiolus Ornithogalum for that which he setteth betwixt Ornithogalum and Trasi hath a roote blacke without and white within This Ornithogalum maius is lyke the other but much greater The leaues of this be long and smal but bigger then the first The stalke groweth a foote a halfe high and is very euen There grow vpō the top of the stalke faire pleasant flowers of colour white lyke vnto small Lylies in the middle is a head lyke the seede that is named Cachrys The roote is a Bulbus ▪ the whiche lightly multiplyeth into many other †The Place This herbe groweth in sandy places that lye open to the ayre and be manured or toyled and is founde in many places of Brabant especially about Malines or Mechelen almost in euery feelde †The Tyme The leaues of this Bulbus do spring vp first in March Aprill the flowers in May about Iune they do so vanish that they be not any longer to be seene or founde †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Ornithogalum vnknowen in shoppes in base Almaigne it is called Wit velt Ayueyn that is to say the wilde white feelde Onyon in some places of France it is called Churles It may lykewyse be very wel called Bulbus Leucanthemus The other Bulbus is lykewise an Ornithogalum and is called of some nowe in these dayes Lilium Alexandrinum that is to say Lylies Alexandria bycause it is thought that it is first brought into knowledge in this Countrie from Alexandria †The Nature This Bulbus is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues Dioscorides saith that it may be eaten either rawe or rosted as ye liste It is also very good to soulder and close vp fresh or greene wounds being layde vpon lyke Comfrey Of the Sea Vnyon called Squilla Chap. lxxviij ¶ The Kyndes AT this day there be found two kinds of Squilla or Sea Vnion the one bearing straight or narrow blades the which is the right Squilla the other hath brode blades and is commonly vsed for Squilla †The Description THE rounde bollens or imbossed heades of the first right Squilla are very great and thicke and whiter then the bollens or heades of the vsual common Squilla The blades be long and narrow and of a white greene or grayish colour The common Squilla hath also great thicke heades or bollens but they are most commonly redder and the pilles or scales are thicker then the scales or coueringes of the other Squilla The leaues be great and broade almost lyke to Lylie leaues The flowers be smal and yellow growing at the highest and alongst the stalkes or stemmes after them commeth the seede †The Place Squilla groweth not of his owne accorde in this Countrie but is brought from Spayne hither to serue for medicine wherof some is planted in gardens †The Names The first kind of this strange Vnyon is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scilla in Shoppes Squilla in French Stiboule Squille Oignon de mer in high douch Meerzwibel in base Almaigne Zee Ayeuyn of Serapio Cepe muris that is to say Mowce Onyon in Englishe Squilla and Sea Onyon The second kind is taken of the greater number of Apothecaries for Squilla albeit it is not the right kinde but of that sort whiche the Grekes do cal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Pancratiū which is of nature lyke to Squilla and therefore without any errour it may be vsed in steede of Squilla And this kinde of the learned Peter Belon is counted to be Bulbus littoralis of Theophrastus wherevnto it is very muche lyke for Dioscorides Pancratium and Theophrastus Bulbus littoralis do seeme to be all one †The Nature Squilla is hoate in the second degree and drie in the thirde degree and of very subtile partes also of a cutting and scouring nature Scilla c\ōmunis Pancrati\ū Squilla †The Vertues Squilla being first couered rounde about with dowe or lapt in paste baked in an ouen or rosted vnder coles vntill it be soft or tender then a spoonefull or two thereof taken with the eight part of salt causeth a man to go to the stoole and putteth foorth plenty of tough and clammie
a kinde of Orobanche and Limodorum The other kinde whiche is like to the aforesayde Naueau is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orobanche 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Limodorū of some other as of Photion also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Leguminū Leo. It hath no French nor Douche name that I knowe Turner lib. 2. fol. 72. calleth it Orobanche Choke fitche Strāgle tare Strangleweede Orobstrangler Choke weede †The Nature Broome is full hoate in the seconde degree and reacheth almost to the third degree it is scouring and of subtil partes †The Vertues The leaues branches and croppes of Broome boyled in wine or water are good for them that haue the dropsie and for all them that haue any stopping of the liuer the splene or melt the kidneyes or bladder for partly it purgeth driueth out of the belly and partly it purgeth by vrine all waterie tough and superfluous humours The seede is of the same vertue to be taken the quaniitie of a dramme or a dramme and a halfe The same seede is very good to be mixt with all medicines whiche prouoke vrine and breake the stone for by his subtill nature it helpeth the operation of other medicines seruing to the same purpose Broome flowers mingled with swines grease swageth the paynes of the gowte being applyed thereto This Broome hath al the vertues of Spanish Broome and it may be vsed against all such infirmities wherevnto Spanish Broome is required Broome Rape is counted of some Empiriques or practisioners in these dayes for an excellent medicine against the stone to prouoke vrine to be first boyled in wine and giuen to drinke for as they say it openeth the stoppings of the kidneyes prouoketh water breaketh the stone and driueth foorth grauell The freshe and greene iuyce of Broome Rape doth cure and heale al newe woundes and clenseth those that are corrupt rotten it may be lykewise vsed against other vlcers and corrupt sores for it mundifieth and bringeth them to healing And for the better preseruation of the same iuyce after it is pressed or taken out of the greene rootes ye must set it in the Sonne vntil it waxe thicke or ye must put to it a litle hony set it in the Sonne for then it wil be better more apt to mundifie clense woundes and rotten vlcers it may be also takē out of the rootes that be halfe dry with oyle wil serue to al intentes euē as the iuyce The same oyle of Broome Rape doth scoure and driue away al spottes lentiles freckles pimples wheales and pushes as well from the face as the rest of the body being often annoynted therewithall Dioscorides writeth that Orabanche may be eaten either rawe or boyled as the springes of Asparagus Of Spanish Groome Chap. vij †The Description THe Spanish Broome also hath wooddish stemmes from which grow foorth long slender plyant twigges the whiche be bare naked without leaues or at least hauing very few small leaues set here and there farre apart one from another The flowers be yellow not muche vnlyke the flowers of the common Broome after which it hath coddes wherin is the sede browne and flat lyke the other Broome seede There may be wel placed with this Broome a strange plant which beareth also long shutes or smal twigges of aswarte colour straight and vpon them are smal browne greene leaues alwaies three ioyned togither lyke the leaues of Trefoyle but smaller The flowers be yellowe rounde and cut into fiue or sixe partes in fashion not much vnlike the flowers of the common Buglosse afterwarde they do bring foorth graines or berries as bigge as a pease blacke when they be ripe in which is found the seede the which is flat as a Lentil seede The roote is long smal creping hither and thither vnder the earth putteth foorth new springes in sundry places †The Place This Broome groweth in drie places of Spayne and Languedoc and is not founde in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Time This kinde of Broome flowreth in this Countrie in Iune and somewhat after the seede is rype in August Genista Hispanica siue Italica Spanish and Italian Broome Genista peregrina Trifolia Trifolium fruticans †The Names This Broome is lykewise called in Latine Genista and sometime also Genistra of the Herboristes of this Countrie Genistra Hispanica in base Almaigne Spaensche Brem in English Spanish Broome and it is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spartum whereof Dioscorides and Plinius do write The strange plante hath no name that I know for albeit some would haue it to be Cytisus this plant is nothing lyke thereto and is lykewise named Trifolium fruticans †The Nature Spanish Broome is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The flowers and seede of Spanishe Broome are good to be dronken with mede or honyed water in the quantitie of a dram to cause one to vomit strongly euen as white Hellebor or Neesing powder but yet without ieopardie The seede taken alone looseth the belly for the quantitie bringeth foorth great plentie of waterie and tough humours Out of the twigges or litle brāches steeped in water is pressed forth a iuyce the whiche taken in quantie of a Ciat or litle glasse ful fasting is good against the Sqinansie that is a kind of swelling with heate and payne in the throte putting the sicke body in danger of choking also it is good against the Sciatica Of base Groome / or Woodwaxen Chap. viij †The Description THis Broome is not muche vnlyke the common Broom sauing that it is not so high nor so straight but lyeth along almost vpon the grounde with many small branches proceeding frō a wooddy stem and set with litle long small leaues and at the top with many faire yellow flowers not much vnlyke the flowers of the common Broome but smaller after them come narrow huskes or coddes wherein is a flatte seede The roote is harde and of wooddish substance like to the others †The Place This kinde of Broome groweth in vntoyled places that stande lowe and somtimes also in moyst Clay groundes It is founde about Anwarpe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August and sometimes after shortly after the seede is rype Genista humilis ⧠The Names This plante is doubtlesse a kinde of Broome and therefore it may be wel called in Latine Genista humilis in Italian Cerretta that is lowe and base Broome in base Almaigne Ackerbrem the high Germaynes do make of it Flos tinctorius that is to say the flower to staine or dye withal do terme it in their language Ferbblumen Geel Ferbblumen and Heyden smucke bycause the Dyers do vse of it to dy their clothes yellow in Englishe Woodwaxen and base Broome †The Nature This plante is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues Woodwaxen or base Broome in nature operation
is lyke to the common Broome but not so strong Of Furze or Thorne Broome Chap. ix †The Description THE Furze or prickley Broome hath many twigges or smal branches of a wooddishe substance the whiche in the beginning being yet but young and tender are full of litle greene leaues amongst which grow small thornes the whiche be soft and tender and not very prickley but when as the twigges or branches are aboue one yere old then are they for the most part cleane without leaues and then do their thornes waxe harde and sharpe with cruel prickles Amongst the little small leaues are the flowers of a faynte or pale yellowe colour and in shape and proportion like to Broome flowers but muche smaller after the whiche come small coddes full of rounde reddishe seede The roote is long and plyant The plant whiche the Brabanders do call Gaspeldoren should seeme to be a kinde of thornie Broome the whiche is rough and very full of prickles and bringeth foorth straight springes or shutes of a wooddish substance and without leaues set thicke and ful of long sharpe pinnes or prickles very rough boysteous harde and pricking amongst which growe small yellowe flowers and afterwarde coddes like to the Broome flowers or coddes The rootes be long growing ouerthwartly in the ground and almost as plyant and limmer as the roote of Rest harrow or Cammocke Genistilla Thorne Broome Genista spinosa Furze †The Place Furze or thorne Broome groweth in vntoyled places by the way sides and is founde in in many places of Brabant and Englande The common or great Furze groweth also in the lyke places and is founde in certayne places of Campany Brabant Italy Fraunce Buscaye and Englande †The Time Thorne Broome flowreth in May and Iune At the same time flowreth the common Furze †The Names The firste plante is called of the later writers in Latine Genistella and Genestalla that is to say the small Broome in high Douche Erdtfrymmen of some Klein Streichblumen and Stechende Pfrymmen in base Almaigne Stekende Brem in Englishe Thornebroome And bycause the seconde kind in his flowers cods is like Broome it should therefore seeme to be a prickley and wilde kind of Broome wherfore it may be called in Latine Genista spinosa and Genista fyluestris they call it in Frenche Du ionc marin in base Almaigne Gaspeldoren in Englishe the common Whyn or great Furze This is not Tragacantha that is to say Hirci spina or Paliurus as some do thinke nor yet Nepa or Scorpius †The Nature Furze but especially the leaues are of nature drie and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Furze boyled in wine or water and dronken do stop the excessiue course of womens flowers and the laske also The seede dronken in wine is good against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Of Cammocke / Reste Harrow / or Pety Whyn Chap. x. †The Description CAmmocke or ground Furze hath many small lythey or weake branches set full of swarte greene and roundish leaues and sharpe stiffe prickley thornes amongst whiche are sweete smelling flowers lyke Pease flowers or blowinges most commonly of a purple or carnatiō colour somtimes all white and sometimes yellowe lyke Broome flowers but that it is very seldome seene or found after the flowers come small coddes or huskes ful of brode flat seede The roote is long and very limmer spreading his brāches both large and long vnder the earth and doth oftentimes let hinder staye both the plough and Oxen in toyling the ground for they be so tough and limmer that the share colter of the plough cannot easily diuide and cut them asunder †The Place Cammocke or ground Furze is found in some places of Brabant and England about the borders of fertill feeldes and good pastures †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune Anonis †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anonis Ononis of the later writers Arrestabouis Restabouis Remora aratri of some also Acutella of Cratenas Aegopyros in Frēch Arreste beuf in high Douch Hawhechel Ochsenbrech and Stalkraut in base Almaigne Prangwortel Stalcruyt in Englishe Rest Harrow Cammocke Whyn Pety Whyn or ground Furze †The Nature The roote of Rest Harrow is drie in the third degree and somwhat hoate †The Vertues The barke of the roote taken with hony prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The decoction or broth of the same sodde in wine and dronken hath the same vertue The same broth boyled in hony and vineger is good to be dronken against the falling euill as Plinie writeth The same boyled in water and vineger and holden in the mouth whyles it is is warme cureth the tooth ache The tender springes and croppes before they bring foorth leaues preserued and kept in brine or salt are good to be eatē in salades for they prouoke vrine and bring foorth the stone and grauell being sometimes vsed to be eaten Of Whortes and Whortelberies Chap. xi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Whortes and Whortel beries wherof the common sort are blacke and the other are red Vacinia rubra Red Whortes Vacinia nigra Blacke Whortes †The Description THE plant which bringeth foorth blacke Whortes is base and lowe of a wooddish substance bringing forth many branches of the length of a foote or somwhat more the leaues be round of a darke greene colour lyke to the leaues of Boxe or Myrtel the which at the comming of winter do fall away as the leaues of other trees and at the spring time there come forth agayne new leaues out of the same brāches The flowers be round and holowe open before and grow alongest the branches amongst the leaues The fruite is round greene at the first then red and at the last when it is ripe it is blacke and ful of liquer of a good and pleasant taste The roote is slender long and souple Of this sorte there are founde some that beare white Berries when they be rype howbeit they are but seldome seene The plant that bringeth foorth red wortes in his growing and branches is like to that which beareth the blacke berries or whortes sauing that the leaues be greater and harder almost lyke the leaues of a great boxe bush they abide the winter without falling away or perishing The flowers be of a Carnation colour long and round and do growe in clusters at the toppe of the branches The fruite is red but els not muche vnlyke the other in taste rough and astringent or binding and not altogither so full of liquer as the blacke Whorte The roote is of a wooddy substance and long Amongst these Whortes or Whortel berries we may reckē those which the Germaynes or Almaignes doo call Veenbesien that is to say Marrishe or Fenberries of whiche the stalkes be smal short limmer tender creeping and almost layde flatte vpon the grounde beset and deckt with smal narrow leaues
fashioned almost lyke to the leaues of the commō Thime but smaller the beries grow vpon very smal stemmes at the ende or toppe of the litle branches almost lyke the red Whortes but lōger and greater of colour sometimes all red and sometimes red speckled in taste somewhat rough and astringent Vacinia palustria Marrish Whortes †The Place Whortes growe in certayne woods of Brabant and Englande The blacke are very common and are founde in many places but the red are dayntie and founde but in fewe places Marrishe or Fen Whortes growe in many places of Holland in low moyst places †The Tyme Whortes do blowe in May and their berries be ripe in Iune Fen or Marrishe Whortes are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The two first fruites are called in some places of Fraunce des Cusins or des Morets in high Douche Heydelbeeren Drumperbeeren and Bruchbeeren in Brabāt Crakebesien Postelbesien Hauerbesien It may very well be called in Latine Vacinia bycause they be little berries in Latine Baccae for as some learned men write the word Vacinium commeth of Baccinium and was deriued of Bacca and without doubt this name agreeth better with them then the name of Myrtilli the whiche some doo call them by yet these berries be not the right Vacinia whereof Virgil writeth saying Alba ligustra cadunt Vacinia nigra leguntur Their true English name is Whortes of some Whortel beries The thirde kinde is called of the Hollanders accordyng to the place of their growing Veenbesien and Veencoren that is to say Marrishe beries or Fenberies and we bycause of the lykenesse betwixt them and the other Whortell beries do cal them in Latine Vacinia palustria that is to say Marrish Whorts and Fenberies for there is none other name knowen vnto vs except it be Samolus of Plinie or Oxoycocron of Valerius Cordus †The Nature Whortes but especially those that be blacke do coole in the second degree somewhat they drie and are astringent Of the lyke temperament are Marrish whortes †The Vertues Whortes and specially those that be blacke eaten raw or stued with suger are good for those that haue hoate and burning feuers and agaynst the heate of the stomacke the inflammation of the liuer and interior partes They stoppe the belly and put away the desire or will to vomit With the iuyce of them especially of the blacke kinde is made a certayne medicine called of the Apothecaries Rob the whiche is good to be holden in the mough against great drieth and thirst in hoate agues and is good for al the purposes whereunto the beries do serue Fen or Marrishe Whortes doo also quenche thirste and are good against hoate feuers or agues and against all euil inflammation or heate of blood and the inwarde partes lyke to the other whortes wherevnto they are much alike in vertue and operation To conclude the blacke and Marrishe Whortes are muche lyke in nature vertue and operation vnto Rybes or the red and beyondsea gooseberies and may be taken and vsed in steede of them Of wilde Rushe / or Sumac Chap. xij Rhus syluestris Plinij Plinies wilde Sumat Gratia Dei quibusdam Hedge Hysope †The Description THis is a lowe shrub or wooddish plant with many browne hard branches vpon whiche grow leaues somewhat long and not much vnlyke the leaues of the greater Boxe tree but longer Amongst the leaued branches come vp other litle branches vpon whiche growe many spokie eares or tuftes ful of many small flowers and after them store of square or cornered seedes clustering togither This seede is of a strong sauour and bitter taste and full of fat and Oylie sap The roote is hard as the roote of Whortes or Whortell plantes We may well ioyne to this that wilde plant which Hierome Bocke calleth Hedge Hysope which bringeth foorth from a wooddish roote slender stalkes spreade abrode vpon the ground couered with litle grayish leaues something rough in fashion lyke to garden Hysope but shorter at the top of whiche plant come foorth flowers fashioned lyke to the flowers of wilde Tansie of colour somtimes a faint yellow and somtimes white after which come vp smal round knoppes or buttons in whiche is founde a yellowe seede †The Place The first plant groweth in Brabant and in many places of the same Countrie about Kempen Hedge Hysope is founde in certayne places of Germanie and Fraunce in wilde vntoyled places and mountaynes †The Time This Rhus flowreth in May and Iune the seede is ripe in Iuly August Hedge Hysope flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first plant is called of the Brabanders Gagel is of some Apothecaries called Myrtus and the seede therof Myrtilli notwithstanding it is not Myrtus Wherefore it is called of some of the later writers Pseudomyrsine and Myrtus Brabantica and in some places of Almaigne they cal it Altsein and Borst some take it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oleagnus of Theophrastus wherevnto it is not very muche lyke but it seemeth to be that kinde of wilde Rhus whiche Plinie speaketh of in the xxiiij Chapter of the xj booke of his excellent worke called the Historie of Nature Hedge Hysope is called in high Douche Heyden Ysop Felde Ysop in base Almaigne Heyden Hysope bycause it groweth in Hedges and wilde places Some do call it in Latine Gratia Dei howbeit it is nothing lyke Gratia Dei or Gratiola whiche is a kinde of the lesse Centaurie set foorth in the thirde part of this Historie Chap. xlij It seemeth to be Selago Plinij Valerius Cordus calleth it Helian themum †The Nature The wilde Rhus or Sumac especially the seede is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Wilde Rhus or Sumac is not vsed in medicine but serueth to be layde in wardrobes and presses to keepe garmentes from mothes Of Kneeholme Chap. xiij †The Description KNeeholme is a lowe wooddishe plante like the wilde Rhus or Sumacke with rounde stalkes ful of branches couered with a brownish thicke barke or rinde set full of blackishe leaues which are thicke and prickley nothing differing frō the leaues of a myrtel tree or the smaller Boxe sauing that eache leafe hath a sharpe prickle in the toppe The fruite groweth in the middle vpon the leaues the whiche is faire and red when it is rype with a harde seede or kernell within The roote is white and single †The Place Kneeholme groweth in Italy Languedoc and Bourgoyn in some places of England as in Essex Kent Barkeshire and Hamshire in many places it is planted in gardens †The Tyme This plant keepeth his leaues both winter and sommer and in Italy and such lyke places where as it groweth of his owne accorde it bringeth foorth his fruit in August but in this Countrie it beareth no fruite †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruscum Ruscus Myrtus syluestris and Scopa Regia as Marcellus
an Auncient writer sayth In Shoppes it is called Ruscus in English Kneeholme Kneehul Butchers broome and Petigree also we may cal it the wilde Myrtel it is called in FreÌ„ch Myrte sauuage of some Buys poignant and Housson in high Douche Meuszdorn and Keerbesien in base Almaigne Stekende palme that is to say Prickley Boxe bycause it is somewhat lyke Boxe the whiche they doo commonly call Palmboom of some also Muysdorne Ruscum †The Nature The rootes and leaues are hoate in the seconde degree and drie in the first †The Vertues The decoction of Kneeholme or Ruscus made in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone and driueth foorth grauel and is good for them that can not with ease make their water It is good to be taken in the like maner against the Iaundise the headache and to prouoke womens flowers The leaues and fruite be of the same working or facultie as the rootes be but not so effectuall or strong wherefore they be not much occupied or vsed Of Horse tongue / Double tongue / and Laurus of Alexandria Chap. xiiij †The Description DOuble tongue hath rounde stalkes lyke Salomons seale of a foote and a halfe long vpon which e grow vpon eache syde thicke brownish leaues not muche vnlyke to Baye leaues vppon the whiche there groweth in the midle of euery leafe another smal leafe fashioned like a tongue and betwixt those smal and great leaues there growe rounde redde beries as bigge as a pease or theraboutes The roote is teÌ„der white long and of a good sauour There is founde another kinde of Double tongue as some learned men write the which also bringeth foorth his fruite vpon the leaues and is lyke to the aforesayde in stalkes leaues fruite and rootes sauing that there growe none other smal leaues by the fruit vpon the great leaues The learned Matthiolus setteth foorth a thirde kinde the whiche is much lyke to the abouesayd in rootes and leaues but the fruite thereof groweth not vpon the leaues as in the others but euery berie groweth vppon a stemme by it selfe comming foorth betwixt the stemme and the leaues the sayde beries be redde and as bigge as Ciche Peasen Hippoglossum Horse tongue or double tongue Laurus Alexandrina Laurus of Alexandria †The Place Double tongue groweth in Hungarie and Austriche and in some darke wooddes of Italy The Herboristes of this Countrie doo plant it in their gardens †The Tyme It deliuereth his seede in September †The Names The first of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as some write 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Hippoglossum and Hypoglossum of the later writers vuularia Bonifacia Lingua pagana and Bisâ—…ngua in high Douche Zapfflinkraut Hauckblat Auffenblat Beerblat Zungenblat and according to the same in base Almaigne Keelcruyt TongeÌ„bladt and Tapkenscruyt that is to say Tongue herbe or Tongue worte also the Pagane or vplandishe tongue Horse tongue and double tongue tongue blade The seconde seemeth to be a kinde of Hippoglossum and therefore some cal it Hippoglossum foemina and the first they call Hippoglossum mas The third is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laurus Alexandrina and Laurus Idaea of some late writers Victoriola in Frenche Laurier Alexandrin in base Almaigne Laurus van Alexandrien in Englishe also Laurus of Alexandria or tongue Laurell †The Nature Tongueblade or double tongue his nature is to asswage payne as Galen saith But the Laurel of Alexandria is hoate and drie of complexion ⧠The Vertues The leaues and rootes of double tongue are much commended against the swellinges of the throote the vuula and the kernelles vnder the tongue and agaynst the vlcers and sores of the same taken in a gargarisme Marcellus saith that in Italy they vse to hange this herbe about the neckes of young children that are sicke in the vuula a garlande made therof worne or set next vpon the bare head is good for the headache as Dioscorides writeth Baptista Sardus writeth that this herbe is excellent for the diseases of the mother and that a spooneful of the powder of the leaues of double tongue causeth the strangled matrix or mother to descende downe to his naturall place The roote of Alexandria Laurel boyled in wine and dronken helpeth the strangurie prouoketh vrine womens naturall sicknes easeth them that haue harde trauell expelleth the secondine and all other corruption of the matrix Of Tamarisk Chap. xv ¶ The Kyndes Tamarisk is of two sortes as Dioscorides saith great and small †The Description TAmarisk is a litle tree or plant as long as a man with many branches of colour sometimes pale greene and sometimes brownish vppon the whiche grow litle grayish leaues almost like the leaues of Heath or Hather or lyke to Sauine The flowers be of a browne purple colour and lyke wool or Cotton the which at their falling of are caried away with the winde The greater Tamarisk hath leaues lyke the other but it groweth much higher that is to say to the length of other great trees and beareth a fruit like to the lesser Oke Apples or galles †The Place The smal or low Tamarisk groweth by flow streames and standing waters and is founde in some places of Germanie by the course or streame of the riuer Rhene The greater Tamarisk groweth in Syria and Egypt the whiche is yet vnknowen to them of our time Myrica humilis †The Time The little Tamarisk flowreth in the spring of the yeere but especially in May. †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Myrica and Tamarix in the best Apothecaries Sshops Tamariscus and according to the same in Englishe Tamarisk in Frenche Tamarix of some Bruyere sauuage in high Douche Tamariscen holtz of some Birtzenbertz in base Almaigne Tamarischboom †The Nature The leaues and newe springes of Tamarisk are somwhat warme and abstersiue without any manifest drouth or drines The fruite and the barke therof are drie and astringent and of the nature of galles †The Vertues Tamarisk is a medicine of excellent power and vertue agaynst the hardnes and stopping of the milt or Spleene and for the same purpose it is so good and founde true by experience that Swine whiche haue bene dayly fedde out of a trough or vessel made of the Tamarisk tree or timber haue bene seene to haue no milt at al. And therefore it is good for them that are Splenitique to drinke out of a cup or dishe made of Tamarisk wood or timber The decoction of the leaues young springes of Tamarisk boyled in wine with a little vineger and dronken doth heale and vnstoppe the hardnesse and stoppings of the milt or splene The same vertue hath the iuyce therof dronken in wine as Plinie sayth Against the tooth ache it is also very good to holde in the mouth the
her mother the earth who presently opened and swallowed in her daughter Daphne and in steede of her brought foorth a fayre Bay tree When Apollo sawe this change he was much astonied and named the tree Daphne after the name of his beloued Daphne and tooke a branch thereof and twisted a garlande or cap and set it on his head Whereby from that time hitherto the Bay hath still continued as a token of prophesie and is dedicated to Apollo that is to say the Sonne Therefore the Heathen say that the Bay tree withstandeth all euill sprites and enchantmentes so that in the house where as is but one branch of Bay they affirme that neyther enchantements lightninges nor the falling euyll may hurt any body that is within They say also that the Bay or Laurell bringeth health And for these causes in times past there was giuen a branche of Bay to the Romayne Senatours euery Newe yeres day And for these causes also the Poetes were crowned with Garlandes of Bay bycause that Poetrie or the workes of Poetes is a kind of prophesie or foothsaying the whiche Apollo gouerneth and ruleth †The Nature The leaues and fruite of the Bay tree are hoate and drie in the seconde degree especially the fruite the whiche is hoater then the leaues The barke of the roote is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Bay beries taken with wine is good against the bytinges and stinging of Scorpions and against all venome and poyson The same pounde very small and mingled with hony or some Syrope and often licked and kept in the mouth is good for them that waxe drie and are in consumption and that haue the payne to fetche breath and haue their breast charged with flegme The decoction therof in wine or the iuyce thereof dropped into the eares cureth the singing or humming noyse of the same and is good agaynst hardenesse of hearing and deafnesse Bay beries are put into medicines that are made to refresh them that be tyred or weried against crampes and drawing togither of sinewes moyst and drie scuruinesse being applyed with oyles or oyntmentes seruing to the same purpose The oyle of Bay beries is of the same vertue also it is good against bruses and blacke and blewe markes that chaunce after stripes or beatinges The barke of the roote of Bay dronken in wine prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone and driueth it foorth and grauell also The same taken in like maner openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the splene or milt and to conclude al other stoppinges of the inner partes wherefore it is good agaynst the Iaundise that is inueterate or rooted the hardnesse of the splene or milt the beginning of the Dropsie and bringeth to women their desired sicknesse Of Priuet Chap. xxv †The Description PRiuet is a base plante very seldome growing vpright but is rather like to a bushe or hedge then a tree with many slender twigges and branches and leaues somewhat long of a darke greene colour lyke the leaues of Periuincle but somewhat larger and longer At the toppes of the branches growe tuftes of white flowers somwhat lyke the flowers of Eldren after them come small beries at the first greene but afterwarde blacke †The Place Priuet groweth of his owne kinde in many places of Germanie and Englande and is also planted in many gardens †The Time Priuet flowreth in May and Iune and his fruit or beries are rype in September ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greke of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who ioyneth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 next to Cypros in Latine of Plinie Ligustrum yet this is not that Ligustrum whereof Virgil and Columella haue written whereof we haue treated before li. 3. Cap. 52. in English Priuet or Primprint in Frenche Troesne in high Douch Beinholtzlin Mundholtz Reinweiden in base Almaigne Reynwilghen Mondthout and Keelcruyt ¶ The Nature The leaues of Priuet are colde dry and astringent The fruite hath a certayne warmenesse but els in nature lyke to the leaues Phillyrea Ligustrum †The Vertues The leaues of Priuet do cure the swellinges apostumations and vlcers of the mouth and the sores and pustules or blisters of the throte if the mouth be well washed and the throte gargled with the decoction or iuyce thereof The same leaues made into powder are good to be strowed vppon hoate vlcers and noughtie festering or consuming sores And the fruite vsed in lyke maner serueth to the same purposes Whatsoeuer is burned or scalded with fire may be healed with the brothe of Priuet leaues The flowers layd to the forehead swage the payne thereof The oyle heateth and softeneth the sinewes if it be mingled with things that are of a hoate nature as Turner writeth lib 2. fol. 32. Of Agnus Castus Chap. xxvi †The Description AGnus Castus groweth after the maner of a shrubby bush or tree with many pliant twigges or branches that wil bende and ploy without breaking The leaues are most commonly parted into fiue or seuen partes lyke to the leaues of Hempe whereof eche part is long and narrow not much vnlike the Wythie leafe but smaller The flowers grow at the vpmost of the branches lyke to spikie eares clustering togither rounde about the branches and are of colour sometimes purple sometimes of a light purple mixed with white The fruite is rounde lyke Pepper cornes †The Place Agnus Castus as Dioscorides sayth groweth in rough vntoyled places alongst by riuers and water courses in Italy and other hoate Countries but here it is not to be founde but in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes †The Tyme In this Countrie Agnus Castus flowreth in August †The Names This plante is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agnos of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vitex Salix marina or Salix amerina and of some Piper agreste in shoppes Agnus castus by the whiche name it is knowē of the Herboristes in Englishe Agnus Castus Hempe tree or Chast tree in Germanie it is called Schafmulle †The Nature Agnus Castus is hoate and drie in the thirde degree of nature very astringent †The Vertues Agnus Castus is a singuler remedie and medicine for such as woulde liue chaste for it withstandeth al vncleannesse or the filthy desire to lecherie it consumeth drieth vp the seede of generation in what sorte soeuer it be taken whether in powder or in decoction or the leaues alone layde on the bed to fleepe vppon And therefore it was named Castus that is to say Chaste cleane and pure Vitex The seede of Agnus Castus dronken driueth away and dissolueth all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke entrayles bowels and mother from al other partes of the body where as any windinesse is gathered togither The same openeth cureth al hardnes stoppings of the liuer milt and is good in the beginning of dropsies dronken with wine in the quātity of a dram It moueth
womens natural sicknesse to be taken by it selfe or with Penny Ryal or put vnder in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie They minge it profitably amongst Oyles and oyntmentes that are made to heate mollifie and heale the harde or stiffe members that are waxen dead asleepe benummed or weried it cureth also the cliftes or riftes of the fundement and great gut being layde to with water Agnus Castus is good against al venemous beastes it chaseth and driueth away al Serpents and other venemous beastes from the place where as it is strowed or burned it healeth all bitinges and stinginges of the same if it be layde vpon the place greeued the lyke vertue hath the seede thereof dronken It helpeth the hardnesse stoppinges apostumations and vlcers of the matrix if wemen be caused to sit in the decoction or broth thereof The leaues therof with butter do dissolue and swage the swellinges of the genitours or coddes being layde therevnto Some write that if such as iourney or trauell do carrie a branche or rod of Agnus Castus in their hand it wil keepe them both frō chauffing werinesse Of Coriers Sumach Chap. xxvij †The Description SVmach groweth lyke a busshie shrub about the height of a man bringing foorth diuers branches vpon which grow long soft heary or veluet leaues with a red stem or sinewe in the middle the whiche vppon euery syde hath sixe or seuen litle leaues standing one against another toothed and snipt about the edges lyke the leaues of Agrimonie whervnto these leaues are muche lyke the flowers growe amongst the leaues vppon long stemmes or footestalkes clustering togither lyke the Cattes tayles or blowinges of the Nut tree of a white greene colour The seede is flat and red growing in rounde beries clustering togither lyke grapes †The Place It groweth abundantly in Spayne and other hoate Countries It is not found in this Countrie but amongst certayne diligent Herboristes †The Tyme Sumach flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Rhus Coriaria †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Hyppocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus of some Rhos of the Arabian Apothecaries and Physitions Sumach in Brabant of the Corriers and Leather dressers which for the most part do trimme and dresse Leather like Spanishe skinnes Smack in Englishe Sumach and Leather Sumach or Coriers Sumack The seede of this Rhus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus obsoniorum in Englishe Meate Sumach and Sauce Sumach The leaues are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus Coriaria and with the same leaues they dresse and tanne skinnes in Spayne and Italy as our Tanners do with the Barke of Oke †The Nature The leaues iuyce and beries of Sumach are colde in the seconde degree and drie in the thirde degree and of a strong binding power ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Sumach haue the same power as Acatia hath wherefore they stop the laske and the disordered course of womens flowers with al other issue of blood to be first boyled in water or wine and dronken The water wherein the same leaues haue bene boyled stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe to be powred in as a glister or to bathe in the same decoction it drieth vp also the running water filth of the eares when it is dropped into the same and it maketh the heare blacke that is washed in the same decoction or broth The seede of Sumach eaten in sauces with meate doth also stop all flures of the belly with the blooddy flixe and womens flowers especially the white flowers The same layde vpon newe bruses and squattes that are blacke and blew greene woundes and newehurtes defendeth the same from inflammation or deadly burning appostumation or euil swelling also from exulceration The same pounde with Oken coales and layd to the Hemeroydes or flowing blood of the fundamēt healeth drieth vp the same The same vertue hath the decoction of the leaues or seede to wash or bathe the Hemeroydes therein Of Lycores Chap. xxviij Glycyrrhiza Radix dulcis Lycoryse Glycyrrhiza communis Radix Scythica Common Lycorise †The Description LYcoryse hath straight twigges and branches of three or foure foote high set with brownishe leaues made of many smal leaues standing neare togither alongst the stemmes one directly against another lyke the leaues of the Masticke tree Tragium or bastarde Dyctam the flowers growe vpon short stemmes betwixt the leaues and the branches clustering togither lyke to small pellettes or balles the which being past there foloweth rounde rough prickley heades made of diuers rough huskes clustered or set thicke togither in whiche is conteyned a flat seede The roote is long and straight yellow within and browne without not much vnlyke the fashion of the roote of Gentian but sweete in taste There is another kinde of Licoryse whose stalkes and leaues be like to the aforesayde but the flowers and coddes thereof growe not so thicke clustering togither in round heades or knoppes but they grow togither lyke the flowers of Spike vpon small footestemmes or lyke the flowers of Galega or that kind of wilde Fetche whiche some iudge to be Onobrychis or Medica Ruellij in Frenche Sainct Foin The rootes of this Lycorise grow not straight but trauersing ouerthwart with many branches of a brownishe colour without and yellowe within in taste sweete yea sweeter then the aforesayde †The Place Lycoryse as Dioscorides sayth groweth in Pontus and Cappadocia The seconde sort is founde in certayne places of Italy and Germanie In this Countrie they growe not of them selues but planted in the gardens of some Herboriftes but the seconde sort is best knowen †The Tyme Lycoryse flowreth in Iuly and in September the seede is rype ⧠The Names Lycoryse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dulcis radix and Dulci radix in Shoppes Liquiritia in high Douche Suszholtz and Suszwurtsel in base Almaigne Suethout Galissihout and Calissihout in Frenche Riglice Rigoliste and Erculisse The first kinde of Lycorise or Glycyrrhiza whereof Dioscorides writeth may very well be called Glycyrrhiza vera or Dioscorides Glycyrrhiza that is Dioscorides Lycorise and the right Licorise The second is Glycyrrhiza communis or Glycyrrhyza Germanica the which Lycoryse is common in the shops of this Countrie This is that roote whiche Theophrastus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Plinie Radix Scythica Also this is the roote called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alimos without aspiration †The Nature Lycorise is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Lycorise is good against the rough harshnesse of the throte and breast it openeth and dischargeth the lunges that be stufte or loden ripeth the cough and bringeth foorth fleme being chewed and kept a certayne space in the mouth The iuyce of the roote hath the same vertue to be taken for
smelling in proportion lyke to the flowers of Cherrie trees and Plomtrees after the flowers commeth the fruite whiche is rounde and red The roote is diuided into many wayes and groweth deepe in the grounde ¶ The Place White thorne groweth in hedges and the borders of feeldes gardens and woodes and is very common in this Countrie †The Time It flowreth in May and the fruite is rype in September ⧠The Names This thorne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina acuta of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pyrina and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pytianthe it is Oxyacantha of Dioscorides and the first kinde of Auicens Amyrberis in Englishe White Thorne Hawthorne in French it is called Aube espine in high Douche Hagdorn in base Almaigne Haghedoren and witte Haghedoren It seemeth also to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Rubus canis Canina sentis whereof Theophrastus writeth lib. 3. Cap. 18. ¶ The Nature The fruite of White Thorne is drie and astringent †The Vertues The fruit of this Thorne stoppeth the laske and the flowers of women And as some of the later writers affirme it is good against the grauell and the stone Oxyacantha Dioscoridis Of Boxe tree Chap. xxxij ¶ The Kindes THere are two kinds of Boxe that is to say the great the smal and both are meetely commō in this Countrie †The Description THe great Boxe is a faire great tree with a bigge body or stemme that is harde and meete for to make diuers and sundrie kindes of workes and instrumentes for the timber therof is firme hard and thicke very good to be wrought and cut all manner wayes and lasteth a long space without rotting or corruption It hath many bowes and harde branches as bigge as the armes and branches of some other trees couered with many smal darke greene leaues the which do not fal away in the winter but do remayne greene both winter and Sommer The flowers growe amongst the leaues vpon the litle small branches after whiche commeth the seede whiche is blacke inclosed in round cuppes or huskes somewhat bigger then Coriander beries of colour greene with three feete or legges like the fashion of a kitchin pot wherin meat is prepared and boyled the whiche is very lyuely pictured in Matthiolus last edition The smaller Boxe is a little bushe not lightly exceeding the height of two foote but spreadeth his branches abrode the whiche most commonly do grow very thicke from the roote and sometimes they growe out of a small tronke or stubbed stemme The leaues of this kinde are of a clearer greene or lighter colour and they be also rounder and somewhat smaller than the leaues of the greater Boxe in all other partes lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place Boxe delighteth to growe vpon high colde mountaynes as vpon the hilles and desertes of Switserland and Sauoye and other lyke places where as it groweth plentifully In this Countrie they plante both kindes in some gardens †The Tyme Boxe is planted at the beginning of Nouember it flowreth in February March and in some Countries the seede is ripe in September †The Names Boxe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buxus in Frēch Grand Buys in high Douch Buxbaum in base Almaigne Buxboom and of the common people Palmboom that is to say the Boxe tree and Palme tree bycause vpon Palme Sunday they carie it in their Churches and sticke it rounde about in their houses The smal Boxe is called of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Humi Buxus that is to say Ground Boxe or Dwarffe Boxe in Frenche Petit Buys †The Nature The leaues of Boxe are hoate drie and astringent as the taste doth playnely declare Boxe †The Vertues Boxe is not vsed in medicine and amongst the Auncient writers a man shal find nothing to any purpose written of the faculties therof Notwithstanding there be some ignorant women which do aduance them selues take in hand to cure diseases that they know not who do minister the croppes of the Boxe tree to people sicke of the Apoplexie which is contrarie to al reason For Boxe taken into the body doth not onely hurt the brayne but is very hurtfull for the brayne when it is but smelled to Some learned writers at this time do affirme that the lye in which Boxen leaues haue bene stieped maketh the heare yellow if the head be often washed therewithall Of the prickley Goxe Chap. xxxiij †The Description PRickley Boxe is a tree not muche vnlyke to the other Boxe with many great armes or branches of fiue or sixe foote long or more the leaues be thicke and somewhat rounde lyke Boxen leaues and amongst them growe sharpe pricking Thornes the flowers also growe amongst the leaues and after them there commeth a blacke rounde seede as bigge as a Pepper corne The rootes are woddishe and spreade muche abrode Of the smal branches and rootes of this tree soked in water and boyled or of the pressing foorth of the iuyce of the seede they make Lycium the whiche in times past was muche vsed of Physitions †The Place This prickley Boxe groweth in Cappadocia and Lycia and in some partes of Italie and Slauonia it is yet vnknowen in this Countrie †The Names This thorne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Pyxacantha and Lycium of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Buxus asinina in Frenche Buys espineux or Buys d'asne in base Almaigne Buxdoren after the Greke we may cal it in English Boxe thorne Asses Boxe tree and prickley Boxe also Lycium Thorne Boxe †The Nature Lycium dried is of subtil partes and astringent as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Lycium whiche is made of the branches rootes or seede of Boxe thorne or prickley Boxe helpeth them that haue the laske and blooddy flixe as also those that spet blood and haue the cough It stoppeth the inordinate course of the flowers taken either inwardly or applyed outwardly It is good against corrupt vlcers and running scabbes and sanious running eares the inflammation of the gummes and kernelles called the Almondes vnder the tongue and against the choppes of the lippes and fundament to be layde thereto Pyxacantha Lycium It cleareth the sight and cureth the scurffie festered sores of the eye liddes and corners of the eyes Of Holme / Holly / or Huluer Chap. xxxiiij †The Description HOlme groweth sometimes after the maner af a hedge plant amongst other thornes and bushes and somtimes also it groweth vpright and straight and becommeth a tall high and great tree with a big stemme or body and limbes and branches according to the same The tymber of this tree is harde and heauie and sinketh to the bottome of the water lyke Guaiacum or Lignum sanctum wherevnto our Holly in figure is not much vnlyke The leaues of Holly are thicke and harde of the quantitie of a Bay leafe but full of sharpe
poyntes or prickley corners The whiche leaues remayne greene both winter and sommer as the leaues of Boxe and Bay and doo not lightly vade or wither The beries or fruite of Holme is rounde of the quantitie of a Pease of colour red and of an euill vnpleasant taste †The Place Holme groweth much in this Countrie in rough stony barraine vntoyled places alongst the wayes and in wooddes †The Tyme The same fruite or beries of Holme are ripe in September and hang fast vpon the tree a long tyme after without falling of †The Names Holme is called of some late writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruscus syluestris in high Douch Walddistel oder Stehpalmen in base Almaigne Hulst in Italian Agrifolium as Matthiolus writeth And in sight it appeareth to be much lyke Plinies Aquifoliū whiche is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as witnesseth Plinie lib. 27. Cap. 7. Neither can it be Paliurus as some do esteeme it but it seemeth to be somwhat lyke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oxycanthus of Theophrastus the which is alwayes greene in Englishe it is called Holme Holly and Husuer †The Nature The beries of Holme or Holly are hoate †The Vertues Some boasting of their experience vpon Holme do affirme that fiue beries therof taken inwardly are good against the cholique and prouoke to go to the stoole Agrifolium With the barkes of Holme they make Birdlyme the order of making therof is very wel knowen but if any be yet desirous to learne the same let him seeke the thirde booke of Maister Turners herball Chap. lxxxj They vse the smal branches and leaues of Holme to clense and sweepe chimneyes as they vse to do in Burgundie and other places with Kneeholme or Butchers broome Other then this we dare not affirme of Holme bycause it serueth not in Physicke Of the Apple tree Chap. xxxv †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Apples not onely differing in figure and proportion of making but also in taste quantitie and colour so that it is not possible neither yet necessarie to recite or number al the kindes consydering that all Apple trees are almost lyke one another and all sortes of Apples may be comprehended in a few kindes for the playner declaration of their natures faculties or powers as into sweet sower rough astringent waterish apples and apples of a mixt temperature as betwixt sweete and sower c. †The Description THE Apple trees in continuance of time do for the most part become high and great trees with many armes branches spread abroade The leaues be greene and roundishe more rounde then the Peare-tree leaues and do fall of a litle before winter and do spring and renew agayne in May. The flowers for the most part are white and vpon some apple trees chaungeable betwixt white and redde The fruite is round and of many fashions in colour taste as is abouesayde In the middle of the apples are inclosed blacke kernels couered ouer with hard pilles or skinnes †The Place Apple trees are planted in gardens and Orchardes and they delight in good fertil grounde †The Tyme Apple trees do most commonly blow at the ende of April and beginning of May. The fruit is ripe of some in Iuly of some in August and of the last sorte in September ¶ The Names The Apple tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus Pomus in high Douche Apffelbaum in base Almaigne Appelboom in Frenche Pommier The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pomum and Malum in English an Apple in French Pomme in high Douch Apffel in base Almaigne Appel Malus †The Nature All sortes of Apples be colde and moyst yet some more thē the rest those that be sower or sharpe do dry more then the rest especially if they be astringent or binding Sweete Apples are not so colde but rather of a meane temperature The waterishe apples are moystiest especially those that are neyther sower nor sweete but taking part of both tastes †The Vertues Apples do coole and comfort the hoate stomacke especially those that be sowrish and astringent of taste and they may be vsed in hoate agues and other inflammations or heates of the stomacke and against thirste but otherwise they are hurtful to the stomacke causing windinesse and blastinges in the belly Sower Apples boyled eaten colde before meate do lose the belly gently Apples eaten before meate do nourishe very litle and do yeelde a moyst and noughty iuyce or nourishment for they are soone corrupted in the stomacke and turne to noughtie humours especially the waterishe Apples The leaues of the Apple tree are good to be layde vpon the beginninges of phlegmons that is hoate simple tumours or swellinges and are good to be layde vpon woundes to keepe them from euyll heate and a postumation Of Orenges / Citrons / and Limons Chap. xxxvi ¶ The Kindes There be at this present three sortes of Apples or rather fruites which of the Auncientes in times past were cōprehended vnder the name of Citrium wherof the first is called an Orenge the seconde a Citron the thirde a Limon †The Description THe trees that bring foorth Orenges Citrons and Limons growe as high as other trees do with many greene branches in some places set with stiffe prickles or sharpe thornes The leaues be alwaies greene and thicke not much vnlyke the Bay leaues The fruite hath a very thicke pyl or rinde within the rinde is a cleare through shining pulpe or moyst substance full of iuyce liquor amongst the which is the seede or kernels The Orēge is round as an apple with a thicke pyll at the first greene without but after when they be ripe of a faire red or pleasant tawnie colour or browne yellowe lyke Saffron but the sayde pill is white within spongious or somewhat open The pulpe or inner pith is through shining cleare and ful of iuyce the whiche in some is sower in others sweete The seede or kernelles are most commonly as bigge as wheate cornes bitter in taste The Citron is long almost lyke a Cucumber or somwhat longer and rugged or wrinckled the rinde or pil is thicke yellow without white within The inner part or substance is also cleare through shining like the pulpe of the Orenge wherin is also the seede or kernelles not much vnlyke Orenge kernelles The Limon in fashion is longer then the Orenge but otherwayes not muche vnlike sauing that the outsyde of the Limon pill is paler and smother and the kernels smaller Aurantia Mala. Medica Mala. Limonia Mala. Orenge Citrons Limons ¶ The Place These fruites do now grow in Italy Spayne and some places of Fraunce In this Countrie the Herboristes do set and plante the Orenge trees in their gardens but they beare no fruite without they be wel kept and defended from colde and yet
for all that they beare very seldome ⧠The Names The tree that beareth these fruites is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus medica and Malus citria And albeit the Citron and eche of the other are seuerall trees one from another as it is playnely to be seene in Matthiolus Commentaries vpon Diosc li. j. where also it is to be noted in the Citron tree that his leafe is finely snipt about the edges or toothed lyke a saw but the Limō and Orenge trees whose leaues be euer greene lyke the Bay tree are not indented but smothe about the edges so that at the first sight Citron Orenge and Limon trees do shew lyke Bay trees but the pleasant sauour and smell of the leaues be farre vnlyke the smell of the Bay leaues these three trees I say be of the Auncientes all contayned vnder the Citron tree The fruites also be all called of the Auncientes by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mala citria The first kinde is also called of the Auncientes in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aureū malum Malum Hespericum of some also Nerantzium of the later writers Anarantium and Arantium in Englishe an Orenge in French Pomme d'Orenge ▪ in high Douche Pomerantsen in base Almaigne Arangie appelen in Spanish Naranzas the whiche name seemeth to be taken from the worde Narantzium by the which the Apples were once called as witnesseth Nicāder The seconde kinde is called Cedromelon and in this Countrie Citrones Mala citria in Frenche Citrons in Englishe Citrons in high Douche Citrinaten in base Almaigne Citroenen This kind is called of the Italians as Musa writeth Limones The thirde kinde is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie Limones and Malum Limonium in Englishe Limons in Douche Limoenen in Frenche Limons Antonie Musa writeth that the Italians doo call this fruite Citrium malum †The Nature The pill especially the outwarde parte thereof is hoate and drie The pulpe with the iuyce is colde and drie in the thirde degree The seede is hoate and dry in the second degree and the leaues be almost of the same nature †The Vertues The iuyce of these fruites and the inner substance wherein the iuyce is contayned especially of the Orenges is very good against contagiousnesse and corruption of the ayre against the plague other hoate feuers and it doth not onely preserue and defende the people from suche dangerous sicknesse but also it cureth the same It comforteth the hart aboue al other the mouth of the stomacke wherefore it is good against the weakenesse of the same the trembling of the hart and pensiue heauinesse wamblinges vomitinges and lothsomnesse that happen in hoate agues and suche other diseases that trouble the stomacke The same fruite with his iuyce quencheth thirst and reuiueth the appetite The syrupe that is made of the iuyce of this fruite is almost of the same nature and operation that the iuyce is but more fit and pleasant to be taken at the mouth The pylles or barkes of these fruites condited or preserued with hony or sugar and eaten do warme the stomacke and helpe digestion wasting and driuing away all superfluities of the stomacke and amending the stinking breath The seede withstandeth all venome and poyson and the bitinges and stinginges of all venemous beastes it killeth and driueth foorth wormes wherfore it is good to be giuen to children against the wormes Of Musa or Mose tree Chap. xxxviij †The Description THE Mose tree leaues be so great and large that one may easyly wrap a childe of twelue monethes old in them so that as I thinke in seeking ouer the whole worlde a man shall not agayne finde a tree hauing so large a leafe The fruite is lyke a Cucumber most sauerie pleasant in taste aboue all other fruites of the Countrie of Leuant ¶ The Place This tree was found by a certayne Fryer named Andro Thenet in the Countrie of Syria by the great towne Aleph so called of the first letter of the Hebrue Alphabet where as is great resort and traffique of marchants aswell of Indians Persians Venitians as of diuers other strange nations †The Names This tree with his fruite is called of Auicen Chap. 495. Musa at this present in Syria Mose And the Grekes and Christians of the Countrie as also the Iewes do say that this was the fruite whereof Adam dyd eate This may be the tree which Plinie describeth lib. 12. Cap. 6. called Pala whose fruite is called Ariene †The Nature The fruite of Mose tree is hoate and moyst Musa †The Vertues This fruite eaten nourisheth muche and very quickly as Auicen saith but eaten in to great a quantitie it stoppeth the liuer and engendreth fleme and choler It is also good for the breast the stomacke and the kidneyes it mollifieth the roughnesse and sharpnesse of the throte prouoketh vrine and encreaseth naturall seede Of the Pome Granate Chap. xxxviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Pomegranates the tame and the wilde the fruite of the tame is three maner of wayes the one hauing a sowre iuyce or liquor the other is sweete and the thirde hath the taste of wine †The Description THE tame Pomegranate is not very great it hath many pliant bowes or branches set with cruell thornes The leaues be very greene and straight or narrowe lyke vnto willow leaues but shorter and thicker with small litle red veynes going through them hanging by a litle red foote stalke The flowers be holow like a wine cup or goblet cut about the brimmes after the fashiō of a starre of the colour Scarlet or Vermilion after them commeth the fruite whiche is rounde and within it is full of graynes of a Crimsin red colour the whiche graynes haue corners or edges lyke the stones called Granati and within them lyeth small stones The whiche graynes and beries by the wonderful maruelous worke of nature are with certayne thinne and yellowish fyne velmes and skinnes going betwixt set and couched in very good order from those graynes commeth the iuyce the which is sower or sweete or hauing the taste of wine The shell or pyll of the Pomegranate is thinne and tender before it is dry but being dried it waxeth harde and of a woodish substance yellow within but without coloured lyke a Chesnut The wild Pomegranate tree is lykewise lyke vnto the aforesayde but it bringeth foorth no fruite and his flowers be very double the whiche is the cause that it bringeth foorth no fruite †The Place The Pomegranates growe in hoate Countries as Italy Spayne diuers other places Malus punica The Pomegranate †The Names The Pomegranate is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malum punicum Malum Granatum in Shoppes Pomum Granatum in Englishe a Pomegranate in high Douche Granat apffel in base Almaigne Granate apple in Frenche Pommes Granades The flowers of the
high Douche Maulbeerbaum in base Almaigne Moerbesieboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morum in Shoppes Morum Celsi in Englishe a Mulberie or Mulberies in high Douche Maulbeerent in base Almaigne Moerbesien in Frenche Meures †The Nature The vnripe Mulberies are cold and drie in the second degree astringent The ripe beries are of a temperate complexion The barke of the Mulberie especially of the roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree and of a cutting clensing and abstersiue propertie †The Vertues The greene and vnripe Mulberies dried do stoppe the belly the blooddy flixe and vomiting to be dronken in redde wine The rype beries do loose and moysten the belly causing to go to the stoole especially to be taken fasting or before meate The same taken after meate are soone corrupted in the stomacke causing windinesse and blastinges in the same Of the iuyce of ripe Mulberies is made a confection in manner of a syrupe very good for the vlcers and hoate swellinges of the tongue the mouth and the Almondes or kernelles in the throote The leaues of the Mulberie tree layde to with oyle healeth burninges The barke of the roote of the Mulberie tree boyled dronken doth open the stoppings of the liuer the milt and it looseth the belly and by the meanes therof both long and flat wormes are expelled The decoction of the leaues and rootes of the Mulberie tree is good to holde in the mouth against the tooth ache The roote being cut nicked or scotched about the later ende of Haruest putteth foorth a gumme or iuyce whiche is exceeding good for the tooth ache and it scattereth and driueth away swelling lumpes and will purge the belly but when you will haue this iuyce you must first make a little furrowe about the roote you meane to scarrifie and the next day after that you haue scarrified the roote you shal finde the liquor clumpered or congeled togither in the furrowe Of the Sycomore tree Chap. xlv †The Description THe Sycomore is a great tree lyke the Mulberie tree with a great stem or tronke many great limmes branches The leaues be muche like to the leaues of the Mulberie The fruit is like to a wild figge but it is without any smal sedes in it and it groweth not vpō the young branches as the fruite of other trees groweth but vppon the stocke or stem the greatest armes of the tree also it neuer waxeth ripe vnlesse it be scraped with an iron toole Also there is a certayne gumme or liquor gathered frō out of the barkes of the young Sycomore trees the whiche is gotten by pearsing the rinde or barkes of the young trees before they haue borne any fruite ¶ The Place The Sycomore tree as Dioscorides writeth groweth in Caria and Rhodes in other places where as wheate groweth not There is abundance of it planted in Egypt about the great Caire or Alkayre where as Peter Belon hath seene it Sycomorus †The Tyme The trees be alwayes greene and bring foorth fruite three or foure times a yere †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sycomorus in Englishe a Sycomore tree †The Nature The fruite of the Sycomore tree is somewhat temperate the gumme therof hath power to make warme and to soften †The Vertues The Sycomore fruite is good to eate but it yeeldeth small nourishment it looseth the belly gently and is not good for the stomacke The gumme is good for the hardnesse of the milt or Splene the payne of the stomacke and bitinges of Serpentes to be eyther taken inwardly or layd to ourwardly vpon the wounde It closeth woundes togither and scattereth abrode olde gatheringes togither or collections Of the Figge tree Chap. xlvi †The Description THE garden figge tree whereof we shall nowe speake hath many branches full of pith within lyke the shutes or stalkes of Eldren ouer couered with a smoth playne rinde or barke The leaues be great and large blackishe and for the most part diuided in fiue At the top of the branches groweth the fruite the which is round and long fashioned lyke Peares sweete and ful of smal kernelles or graines Before the fruite be ripe if it be hurt or scarrified there commeth foorth a sappe or iuyce like milke but being through ripe the iuyce is lyke to hony ¶ The Place The figge trees are plentiful in Spayne and Italy and are founde also sometimes in this Countrie but very rare and seldom they must be planted in warme places that stand wel in the Sonne and are defended from the North and Northeast windes †The Time The Figge trees in this Countrie are very long late in waxing greene for they begin to put foorth their leaues but at the end of May. Their fruite is rype about the ende of sommer Ficus †The Names The garden figge tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus satiua in high Douche Feighenbaum in base Almaigne Vijghenboom in Frenche Vng Figuier in Englishe a Figge tree or a garden Figge tree The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus by the whiche name it is knowen in Shoppes in English a Figge in French Figue in high Douch Ein Feigen in base Almaigne Een Vijghe this fruite before it is ripe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Grossus and when it is drie they call it in Latine Carica in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke Carice is a kind of figge whiche groweth onely in Syria The wilde figge tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus syluestris and Caprificus The fruite of this figge tree whiche neuer commeth to ripenesse is named in Greeke as the vnripe fruite of the garden figge tree 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Grossus and of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Erineus †The Nature The greene figges new gathered are a litle warme and somewhat moyst The drie figges are hoate almost in the second degree and somthing moyst and of subtill partes The mylkie iuyce of figges is hoate and drie almost in the third degree and also sharpe and biting The leaues haue also some sharpenesse with an opening power but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues The newe gathered figges nourishe more then the other fruites but they ingender windinesse and blasting and they lose the belly gently They abate heate and quenche thirst but taken into great a quantitie they do hurt the stomacke making it weake and without meate lust The drie figges do nourish better then the greene or newe figges yet they ingender no very good blood for those that feede muche vppon figges become lousie and full of vermine Figges eaten before meat do loose the belly and are good for
and drie in the seconde degree and of the same nature and complexion is Macis moreouer they be somwhat astringent ⧠The Vertues The Nutmegge doth heate and strengthen the stomacke which is cold and weake especially the Orifice or mouth of the stomacke it maketh a sweet breath it withstandeth vomiting and taketh away the Hicket or Yeox in what sorte soeuer it be taken It is also good against the payne and windinesse of the belly and against al the stoppinges of the lyuer and milt The same pearched or dried at the fire stoppeth the laske especially if it be taken with red wine It is good for the mother the kidneyes the bladder it remedieth the disease or greese that letteth the due course of vrine and causeth that one cannot pisse sauing by droppes especially when the sayde disease springeth of a colde cause it is good also for other hidden and secrete greeues both in men and women it breaketh and driueth foorth grauell especially being first soked and stieped in the Oyle of sweete Almondes The Macis be almost in vertue lyke to the Nutmegges and they doo not onely stoppe the laske but also the blooddy flixe and womens flowers At is good also against the beating trembling or shaking of the hart and is muche better for al the cold greeues of the stomacke then the Nutmegge it self The oyle that is drawen out of Macis layde vpon the stomacke cureth the infirmities of the same taking away the desyre to vomit and the wambling of the stomacke it causeth good appetite and helpeth digestion Of the Hasel or Fylberde tree Chap. lviij †The Kindes There be two sortes of Hasel or wood Nut trees the one kinde is set and planted in gardens the other groweth wilde Corylus hortensis The Fylberde Corylus syluestris The Hasel Nut. †The Description THe Hasel and Fiberde trees are but small growing lyke to a hedge plante and put foorth from the roote whiche is muche displayed and spreade abroade many straight roddes shutes or springes of whiche oftentimes some waxe thicke and long and full of branches and some waxe long and flender and are very fit to make roddes or poles to fish with bycause they be firme and plyant and wil not lightlybreake The leaues be broade and wrinckled somewhat hact or snipt round about the which leaues spring foorth after the Catkins agglettes or blowinges whiche hang vppon the Hasell tree be fallen of betwixt the leaues commeth the fruit growing three or foure togither in a cluster somewhat but not altogither couered with a huske or pil Their shales be harde and wooddishe in whiche the rounde kernell or Nut is inclosed and is ouercouered with a smooth tender huske or skinne like to other Nuttes the which is red in the Filberdes and white or pale in Hasel Nuttes †The Place The Fylberdes are planted in gardens But the wilde groweth in wooddes and moyst places that be darke and shadowie †The Tyme The Aglets or Catkens of Hasel breake foorth in winter and in the spring time they open into smal ragges or scales shortly after the leaues appeare The Nuttes be ripe in August ¶ The Names This tree or shrub is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nux auellana of Virgil Corylus in French Couldre Noisetier in high Douch Haselstrauch Haselnuszbaum in base Almaigne Haselaer in English Hasel or Filberd tree The Nut is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nux Pontica Nuxauellana Nux praenestina Heracleotica in French the great round kinde is called Auelines and the smal and long kinde is called Noisilles Noisettes in English the great and long kinde is called Filberdes and the rounde kinde with the harde thicke shale is called the Wood nut or Hasel nut The red Filberdes are called in French Auelines rouges in high Douch Rhurnusz and Rotnusz in base Almaigne Roode Haselnoten They be the right Nuces Ponticae described of the Auncientes ¶ The Nature The Hasell nuttes and Fylberdes are in complexion not muche vnlyke the Walnuttes but dryer although they be yet newe and greene but when the be olde and drie they be colder then Walnuttes †The Vertues Hasel Nuttes and Fylberdes nourishe very litle and are harde of digestion they ingender windinesse in the stomacke and cause headache if they be eaten in to great a quantitie The same dronken in Meade or watered honie doo heale the olde cough and being rosted and taken with a litle pepper they ripe the Cattar or Reume The same burned and layd to with hogges grease or Beares grease doo heale the noughtie scurffe scales of the head doo fil agayne with heare the balde or pylde places in the head They vse of the shales or huskes of Filberdes against the Squinance euen as they vse the huskes of the Walnuts Of Fistick Nuttes Chap. lix †The Description THE tree that bringeth foorth Fistick Nuts hath long great leaues spread abrode made of fiue seuē or moe leaues growing one against another all alongst a reddish ribbe or sinewe whereof the last whiche is alone at the top of the leafe is the greatest or largest the fruite of this tree is muche lyke to small Hasel Nuttes like the kernels of the Pine Apple in which lyeth the kernel or nut †The Place This tree is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but only in the gardens of diligent Herboristes but it commeth of plants in Syria other hoate Regions Arbor Pistaciorum †The Names These Nuttes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pistacia in Shoppes Fistici in Brabant Fisticen in Frenche Pistaces in Englishe Fistick Nuttes ¶ The Nature Fistick Nuttes are of a meane or temperate heate somewhat astringent †The Vertues Fistickes are good against the stoppings of the liuer and also to strengthen the same they be also good for the stomacke but to be takē as meate they nourish but litle They vnstop the lunge pipes the breast are also good against the shortnesse of winde payne to fetche breath to be eaten either alone or with sugar They be also vsed to be giuen with wine as a preseruatiue or medicine against al the bitings stinginges of venemous beastes as Dioscorides writeth Of the Bladder Nut. Chap. lx †The Description THis kind of Nut is a wild fruite whereof men make none accompt growing vpon trees which grow most commonly lyke shrubbes or hedge busshes as many other wild sortes of trees do This tree his leaues are made of fiue blades or more not muche vnlyke the Elder leafe but smaller and grener The flowers be white round and double growing fiue or sixe togither after them come the rounde holow bladders diuided into two or thre partes in whiche be founde most commonly two litle Nuttes whereof the kernell is meetely sweete †The Place This plant is no where found but growing wilde there is plenty of it found wilde in Almaigne
called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oleaster Oleasyluestris and Olea Aethiopica The fruite also is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oliua and according to the same it is called in Englishe Frenche and Douche Oliue The Oliues coÌ„dited in salt or brine are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Colymbadae †The Nature The leaues tender shutes of the Oliue tree are cold dry astringent The grene vnripe oliues ar also cold astringeÌ„t but being ripe thei be hoat moist The Oyle that is made of vnripe Oliues is colde and astringent but that which is pressed out of the ripe Oliues is hoate moyst and of subtil partes †The Vertues The leaues of the Oliue tree laid to are good against Serpigo or the disease which is called wilde fire bycause it creepeth hither and thither fretting sores and consuming poxe and other suche hoate tumours or cholerique swellinges The same layde to with hony doo mundifie and clense vlcers and doo also swage and slake all other swellinges and tumours They are good to be layde to against the vlcers inflammations and impostemes of the mouth and gummes especially of children if their mouthes be washed with the decoction thereof The iuyce of them stoppeth womens flowers and all other fluxe of blood with the laske and bloody flixe to be taken inwardly or applyed outwardly It is also good against the rednesse inflammation and vlcers of the eyes to be put into Collyres and medicines made for the same and to clense the eares from filthy corruption The greene and vnripe Olyues do strengthen the stomacke and cause good appetite especially being condited in brine neuerthelesse they be harde of digestion and nourishe very litle The ripe Olyues doo ouerturne the stomacke and cause wambling in the same they also engender headache and are hurtfull to the Eyes The Oyle of vnripe Oliues which is called Omphacinum doth stay driue away the beginninges of tumours and inflammations doth coole the heate of burning vlcers and exulcerations It is also good against the rotten sores and the excessiue fylthy moysture of the gummes it fasteneth loose teeth to be laide vpon the gummes with cotton or a litle fine wooll The Ole of rype Oliues doth mollifie it swageth payne and dissolueth tumours or swellinges it is good against the stiffenesse of members crampes especially when it is mixt or compounde with good herbes Oyle Oliue is very apt profitable to make al sorts of Oyles whether they be of herbes or flowers for it doth easyly redily draw vnto it the qualities and vertue of those herbes flowers with the whiche it is set to be sonned or otherwise sodde and prepared Of the Carob tree Chap. lxiiij †The Description THis fruite groweth vppon great trees whose branches are small couered with a round redde barke or rinde The leaues be long and spread abroade lyke whinges or after the maner of Asshen leaues and made of sixe or seuen or eyght small leaues growing alongst by a ribbe or stemme and set one ouerright agaynst another whereof each blade or leafe is rounde and of a sadde or darke greene aboue and of a light greene vnderneath The fruite is certayne flat crooked cods or huskes somtimes of a foote a half long as brode as ones thombe sweete in which the seede is conteyned the whiche is great playne and brode and of a Chesnut colour Ceratonia Siliqua ¶ The Place These huskes or sweete coddes do grow in Spayne Italie other hoate Regions or Countries They growe not in this Countrie Yet for all that they be sometimes founde in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes but they be so small shrubbes that they can neither bring foorth flowers nor fruite †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Ceratonia The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Siliqua and of some Siliqua dulcis of the common Herboristes Carobe in shoppes Xylocaracta in Frenche Caronges or Carobes in high Douche S. Iohns brot in base Almaigne S. Ians broot in English a Carob tree a Beane tree the fruite also may be called Carobbes and Carob beane coddes or S. Iohns bread †The Nature This fruit is somewhat hoate drie and astringent especially when it is freshe and greene †The Vertues Fresh and greene Carobes eaten do loose the belly very gently but they be hurtfull to the stomacke harde of digestion and nourishe but litle The same dried do stop the belly prouoke vrine and are not muche hurtful to the stomacke are fitter to eate than the greene or fresh gathered Carobes Of Cassia Fistula Chap. lxv †The Description THE tree whiche beareth Cassia Fistula hath leaues not muche vnlyke Ashen leaues they be great loÌ„g spreade abrode made of many small leaues growing one against another alongst by one stemme whereof eache litle leafe is long and narrow The fruite is long round blacke hard and with woodish huskes or coddes most commonly two foote long and as thicke as ones thombe or finger parted in the insyde or seuered into diuers smal Celles or Chambers wherin the flat and brownish sede is couched and layd togither with the pulpe or substance which is blacke soft and sweete is called the flower marrow or creame of Cassia it is very expedient and necessarie for Physicke or medicine ¶ The Place Cassia groweth in Syria Arabia and suche lyke Regions ⧠The Names Cassia is called of Actuarius and of the later Greke Physitions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke that is to say Cassia nigra in Latine in shoppes and of the Arabian Physitions Cassia Fistula Cassia Fistula †The Nature The blacke Pulpe or moyst substance of Cassia is hoate and moyst in the first degree ⧠The Vertues The inner pulpe of Cassia is a very sweete and pleasant medicine the which may be giueÌ„ without any danger to al weake people as to women with child It looseth the belly and purgeth cholerique humours cheefely And sometime slymie fleme gathered about the guttes to be taken the waight of an ounce Cassia is very good for suche as be vexed with hoate agues the Pleuresie Iaundise or any other inflammation of the liuer especially when it is mixed with waters drinkes or herbes that be of a cooling nature It is good for the raynes and kidneyes it driueth foorth grauell and the stone and is a preseruatiue against the stone to be mingled with the decoction of liqueris or the rootes of Parsely or Ciches or a decoction made of all togither and dronken It is good to gargle with Cassia for to swage and mitigate the swellinges of the throte and to dissolue ripe and breake Apostemes and tumors Cassia layde to the member greeued with the gowte swageth the payne as Auicen writeth Of Anagyris Laburnum and Arbor Iuda Chap. lxvi Anagyris Laburnum â€
and shorte browner and harder then the leaues of the blacke Popler deepely indented round about the edges the sayde leaues doo hang by a long but a very small slender stemme whiche is the cause of their continual shaking and noysome clatter †The Place These trees do growe in low moyst places as in medowes and neare vnto diches standing waters and riuers †The Tyme The tagglettes or Catkens of the Popler do come foorth about the ende of Marche and Aprill and then ye must gather the buddes to make Vnguentum Populeon †The Names The white Popler is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Populusalba and of some Farfarus in Englishe White Popler or Pepler in Frenche Aubeau in high Douche Pappelbaum Weiszalberbaum Weisz Popelweyden in base Almaigne Abeelboomē of some ignorāt people in Latine Abies that very erroniously for Abies is that Pineappie tree whereof we shal declare hereafter The seconde Popler is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Populus nigra in Englishe Blacke Popler in Frenche Peuplier in high Douche Aspen and Popelweiden in base Almaigne Populier and Popelaere The thirde Popler is called of Plinie Populus Lybica in French Tremble in base Almaigne Rateleer in English Aspe †The Nature The leaues and barke of Popler are temperate in heate and cold neuerthelesse they be somewhat drie and abstersiue or clensing The buds of the blacke Popler are hoate and drie in the first degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The barke of the white Popler boyled in wine prouoketh vrine helpeth the strangurie and them that haue the Sciatica and payne in the hippe The iuyce of the leaues swageth the payne of the eares healeth the vlcers of the same to be dropped in The leaues and young buddes of blacke Popler doo swage the payne of the gowte in the handes and feete being smal pounde and layde therevpon The oyntment that is made of the buds is good against al inflammations and against all bruses squattes and falles and against swellinges to be layde therevpon Of the Elme Chap. lxxij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Elme as Theophrastus and Columella haue written the one groweth in feeldes and the other on mountaynes †The Description THE first kinde of Elme is a great high tree with many branches spread abrode at large The timber therof is hard brownishe sinewie vneasie to cleeue The leaues be broade and wrinckled somewhat snipt or cut about the edges vpon the which there growe oftentimes certayne bladders or blisters wherin is found a certayne slimie and clammie liquor in whiche most commōly there be smal wormes but when the said liquor doth remayne about the end of sommer you shal find it hardened by the force of the Sonne euen lyke gumme The seede of the Elme is broade rounde flat smooth soft not muche vnlyke Arache seede but greater The roote spreadeth far and brode this kinde is very common in this Countrie Vlmus The seconde kinde of Elme is not muche vnlyke the aforesayd in leaues timber but it groweth much higher without spreading his branches so farre abroade and it bringeth foorth seede very seldome The leaues of this kind be more desyzed and better lyked of cattell to feede vpon then the leaues of the first kinde Bysides these two sortes of Elme there are founde other trees drawing somewhat towardes the Elme the which also doo waxe great and high their timber is very tough hard and therefore it is much vsed to make wheeles mylles poullies and such other instruments engins for the carriage of great waightes and burthens The leaues be likewise wrincled and somwhat snypt and toothed round about much longer and narrower than the leaues of the other of a faint greene colour vpon the contrarie syde euen pollished shining and of a good smel when they are drie vppon these leaues there neuer growe and blisters or bladders neither will the cattell so willingly eate of them as they will doo of the Elme leaues The seede of these is almost like the seede of the Elmes †The Place The first kinde groweth in lowe champion and plaine feeldes and delighteth the good fertill grounde is founde planted in diuers places of England and Brabant by the high wayes and feeldes The second kind loueth the hilles and mountaynes yet you shal see some of it in West flaunder gardens which is compassed round with this kind of Elme planted in ranges in very good order The third kind groweth plentifully in woods as in the wood Soignie and in other places alongst the feeldes †The Tyme The seede of the Elme groweth and afterwarde falleth about the ende of Aprill when the leaues beginne to spring †The Names The Elme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vlmus in English an Elme tree in high Douche Rustholtz Rustbaum Vlmenbaum Lindbast Yffenholtz in base Almaigne Olmboom in Frenche Ormee The first kinde is called of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Vlmus of Plinie Vlmus palustris of Columella Vlmus vernacula and Vlmus nostras that is to say the Elme of Italie and our common Elme The second is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Montiulmus of Columella Atinia and Vlmus Gallica in Picardie Artois Ypreau The seede of the Elme is called in Latine Samera The wormes that engender in the bladders or blisters of the Elme leaues with the liquor that is conteined in the same are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cnipes in Latine Culices and Muliones The liquor is called of the later writers Gummi vlmi that is to say The gumme of the Elme The third tree is called in of Theophrastus in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colytea this should seeme to be Vlmus syluestris wherof Plinie maketh mentiō in French Hestre it may be called also in Frenche Orme sauuage it is called in high Douche Hanbuchen and Bucheschern in base Almaigne Herseleer and in some places Herenteer I thinke this not to be the right Opulus but the very tree whiche we cal Witche and Witche Hassel in Frenche Opier is the best kind of Elme to ioyne vines vnto bycause his branches be faire and large of a goodly length but not so thicke Reade more of Opier in the lxxx Chapter of this booke †The Nature The leaues and barke of Elme are somewhat hoate and astringent The liquor that is found in the bladders that grow vpon the leaues is dry and of a clensing and scowring nature †The Vertues Elme leaues do cure and heale greene woundes being wel brused layde thervpon the inner barke hath the lyke vertue if it be bounde to the woundes as a swadling bande The broth of Elme leaues or of the barke or roote as Dioscorides saith is good to bath and soke the armes and legges that be broken and brused for it speedyly healeth broken bones
†The Description MAple groweth somtimes lyke a tree both high and thicke with many great branches sometimes it groweth lowe lyke a shrub The barke is thicke and somewhat white The timber is harde and garnished with long streaming waues or water vaynes The leaues be brode with fiue peakes or corners lyke the leaues of Ople bushe or Dwarffe Plane tree but smaller and greener very lyke the leaues of Sanicle The fruite is long flat and thinne almost lyke to a feather of a small birde or lyke the whing of a grashopper †The Place Maple groweth in wooddes where as it commeth to a great tree and alongst by diches and running streames where as it is but small †The Time It bloweth in Maye and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acer and it shoulde be that kind which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Campestris and of some as Theophrastus writeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie Gallica in Englishe Maple in Frenche Erable in high Douch Maszholder in Brabant Booghout and Vlierhout †The Vertues The rootes of Maple pounde in wine and dronken are good against the paynes in the syde as Serenus Sāmonicu hath written Aceris species Folio minori Of the Iuniper tree Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two fortes of Iuniper as Dioscorides writeth whereof the one kinde groweth great and high The other kind remayneth smal and low and is well knowen in this Countrie †The Description THE smal and common Iuniper sometimes groweth vp and waxeth to the stature of some other trees but most commonly it remayneth lowe and groweth like a shrub or hedge plant The branches of this Iuniper are couered with a thinne barke the which will soone riue or cleeue asunder especially in hoate Countries after whiche chopping or chinking of the barke there commeth foorth a gumme or liquor lyke Frankensence The leaues be litle small and hard growing alongst the stalkes and branches are alwayes greene without falling of in winter The fruite is rounde litle beries whiche be greene at the first and afterward blacke of a good sauour and sweet in taste whiche at length waxe bitter The great Iuniper is a great high tree and beareth beries as great as Filberdes and sometimes as great as Walnuttes as Dioscorides writeth †The Place Iuniper is found vpō high mountaynes in shadowy woods low holow wayes it loueth a cold stony ground †The Tyme In the moneth of Maye there ariseth out of Iuniper a certayne yellow powder or dust which is taken for the blowing or flower of Iuniper after that you shal perceiue the smal beries to begin to grow vp the whiche do waxe ripe in September a yere after that they begin first to grow vp Therefore ye shal finde vpon the Iuniper tree beries both ripe and vnripe great and small al togither ⧠The Names Iuniper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iuniperus in Frenche Ienéure or Genéure in high Douch Weckholder and Weckholterbaum in Brabant Geneuer The beries be called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Baccae Iuniperi in shops Grana Iuniperi in Englishe Iuniper beries in Frenche Graines de Genéure in high Douch Weckholterbeeren and Kromerbeeren The gumme whiche sweateth out of this tree and his barke is called in shops Vernix and in some places not without great and dangerous errour Sandaraca for the right Sandaraca is a gnawing and venemous substance whiche is founde in the mines of mettalles wherevnto this gumme is nothing lyke Iuniperus †The Nature The Iuniper tree with all his partes as leaues barke timber fruite and gumme is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues The fruite or beries of Iuniper is good for the stomacke lunges liuer and kidneyes it cureth the olde cough the gripinges and windinesse of the belly and prouoketh vrine to be boyled in wine or honied water and dronken Also it is good for people that be brused or squat by falling to be taken in the aforesayde manner The iuyce of the leaues doth withstand al venome especially of Vipers and Serpentes it is good to drinke the same and to lay it outwardly vppon the woundes The fruite is good for the same purpose to be taken in what sort so euer ye list Iuniper or the beries thereof burned driueth away all venemous beastes and all infection and corruption of the ayre wherefore it is good to be burned in a plague time in suche places where as the ayre is infected The rind or barke of Iuniper burned healeth the noughtie scurffe and fretting scabbes to be mingled with water and layde thereto The gumme of Iuniper is good for them whose stomackes and bowelles are combred with colde flegmes it expelleth all sortes of wormes and stayeth the inordinate course of womens flowers The parfume of Vernix is good for the brayne drieth vp the superfluous humors of the head and stoppeth the falling downe of reume or humors from the same This gumme tempered with Oyle of Roses helpeth the riftes cones or chappinges of the handes and feete Of Cedar tree Chap. lxxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cedar great small The smal fruite also is of two sortes the one with sharpe prickley leaues like Iuniper the other are not prickley at all †The Description THE great Cedar waxeth very stowte tall high great thicke yea greater higher then the figge tree The barke euen from the foote of the stem vnto the first branches is rough and from thence foorth euen vp to the toppe is very smoth playne of a darke blew colour out of which there droppeth white Rosen of his owne kind which is moyst and odoriferant or sweete smelling the which by the heate of sonne becommeth dry and harde His limmes and branches be long and stretched out into length breadth and parted into many other small branches standing directly or right one against another lyke as in the Firre tree The sayde branches be clad and garnished with many smal litle leaues thicke short and sweete smelling like the leaues of Larix or Larche tree The fruit is like that of the Firre tree sauing that it is greater thicker harder the tree groweth straight vpright like the Firre tree as the paineful diligent Peter Belon hath written From the tronke or stemme of the Cedar tree there commeth foorth a certayne cleare liquor which the olde writers called Cedria Oxycedrus The first kind of the smaller Cedar is much like to Iuniper but most cōmonly it is somwhat smaller The stem is croked or writhed couered with a rough barke The fruit is round beries like Iuniper beries but somwhat greater in colour at the first greene then yellow at last reddish of an indifferent good tast The second kind of smal Cedar groweth not high but remayneth alwayes
Emotes Antes or Pismiers †The Place The Cypres tree delighteth high mountaynes and drie places It will not lightly growe in lowe moyst places †The Time The leaues of Cypres be alwayes greene The fruite is ripe in September euen at the beginning of winter Cupressus †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cupressus in Shops Cypressus in Englishe Cypres and Cypres tree in Frenche Cypres in high Douche Cypressenbaum in base Almaigne Cypressenboom The fruite is called in Latine Nuces Cupressi Pilulae Cupressi and of some Galbuli in Shoppes Nuces Cupressi in English Cypres Nuttes in French Noiz de Cypres †The Nature The fruite and leaues of Cypres are drie in the thirde degree without any manifest heate and astringent †The Vertues The fruite of Cypres taken into the body stoppeth the laske bloody flixe and is good against the spetting of blood and all other issue of blood The decoction of the same made with water hath the same vertue The Oyle in which the fruite or leaues of Cypres haue boyled doth strengthen the stomacke stayeth vomiting stoppeth the belly and all other fluxes of the same and cureth the excoriation or going of of the skinne from the secrete partes or members Cypres Nuttes cure them that are bursten and haue their guttes fallen into their coddes to be layde to outwardly The leaues haue the same vertue With the fruite of Cypres they cure and take away the corrupt flesh called Polypus growing in the Nose The same brused with fat drie figges doth cure the blastinges of the genitors and if ye put leuen thereto it dissolueth and wasteth botches and boyles being laide therevpon The leaues of Cypres boyled in sweete wine or Meade doo helpe the strangurie and issue of the bladder The same pounde very small close vp greene or newe woundes and stop the blood of them being layde therevnto They be also with great profite layde with parched barly meale to wilde fire Carboncles and other hoate vlcers and fretting sores The leaues and fruite of Cypres layde to with vineger make the heare blacke Of the Yew tree Chap. lxxxvi †The Description THE Ewe is a great high tree remayning alwayes greene it hath a great stemme couered with a graye barke that is clouen and scabbed or scalye The leaues be of a darke greene long narrowe like a fether set ful of smal leaues growing al alongst a stemme opposite or standing right ouer one against another whereof eache leafe is narrow and longer then the leaues of Rosemarie otherwise not muche vnlyke His fruite is faire rounde redde beries somewhat bigger than whortes but els not much vnlike ¶ The Place Ewe groweth in Arcadia Italy Spayne Fraunce and Almaigne also in the forrest of Ardein In time past it was planted in gardēs for Tamariske †The Time The fruite of Ewe is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and after Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cactos ▪ in Latine Taxus of the ignorāt Apothecaries of this Countrie Tamariscus in English Ewe or Yew in Frenche If. in high Douche Ibenbaum and accordingly in base Almaigne Ibenboom Taxus †The Nature Ewe is altogither venemous and against mans nature †The Danger Ewe is not profitable for mans body for it is so hurtful and venemous that suche as do but onely sleepe vnder the shadowe thereof become sicke and sometimes they die especially whē it bloweth In Gascoigne it is most dangerous If any eate the fruite it will cause the laske the Birdes that eate the beries do either dye or cast their fethers The ignorant Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse the barke of this tree in stede of the barke of Tamarisk by this we may wel perceiue what wickednes the ignorant Apothecaries do daily cōmit by ministring of noughty hurtful medicines in steede of good to the great perill danger of the poore diseased people Of the Pine tree Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Pine trees as the noble Auncient Theophraste writeth that is to say the garden and wilde Pine trees there be also diuers sortes of the wilde Pine tree †The Description THE Pine tree is high great with many branches at the toppe parted into other round brāches set round about with litle hard leaues almost sharpe pointed or prickly very straight or narrow and of a greene whitish colour The timber is red and heauy within about the harte ful of sappe and liquor His fruite is great Boulleans or Bawles of a browne Chesnut colour and are called Pine Apples in which grow smal nuttes wherin is a sweet white kernell whiche is sometimes vsed in medicine The first kind of the wild Pine trees is high great and thicke and yet not so high as the tame or garden Pine The branches be spread abroade with long sharpe pointed leaues the fruite is short and not hard opening easily and falling quickly The second kind groweth not so high neither is the stemme growing straight vp but bringeth foorth many branches sodainly frō the roote creeping by the ground long slender easily to be ployed or bente insomuche that hereof they make Circles and hoopes for wine hogsheades tonnes as the noble learned Matthiolus writeth The fruite of this kinde is greater then the fruite of any of the other wilde Pine trees Pinus The third kind groweth straight vpright waxeth great high yet not so high as the other wild kindes The branches of this do grow lyke the Pitche tree The fruit is long big almost like the fruit of the Pitche tree in the same is conteyned triangled small nuttes like to the nuttes of the Pineapple but smaller britler with a kernell of good taste lyke the kernel of the tame Pine The fourth kind hath a long hard fruite the which will not open easily nor fall lightly from the tree The fifth kinde hath small rounde nuttes not muche greater then Cypres nuttes the whiche wil open and fal quickly From out of these trees commeth that liquor called Rosen especially from the wilde trees and it runneth most cōmonly out of the barke or from the timber but sometimes also it is founde in the fruite or apples Frō these trees also cōmeth pitch both liquid hard that which is drawē forth by burning of the wood as Theophrastus teacheth The which maner of drawing or melting of Pitch is yet vsed in Candie as Peter Belon writeth The tame or garden Pine groweth in many places of Italy Spayne Grece France and England in feeldes and gardens whereas it hath ben planted The wilde Pines grow vpon mountaynes some of them vpon the highest mountaynes where as none other trees nor herbes doo growe especially the first wilde kinde the whiche is also founde in Douchlande Liefland Poland and other colde regions †The Tyme The fruite or Pine apples are
Terebenthijn there be some that thinke this Rosen to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oleaosa resina of Dioscorides The drie white Rosen is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Resina abiegna and is also solde in Shoppes for Thus and Garipot lyke the drie Rosen of the Pine tree ¶ The Nature The barke as also the drie gumme or Rosen of this tree are in nature and vertues lyke to the barke and drie Rosen of the Pine tree sauing that they be somewhat more aygre and clensing The liquid or cleare Rosen is hoate and drie in the seconde degree and bycause of his aygre or sharpe qualitie it hath a digestiue and clensing nature †The Vertues The cleare liquid Rosen of the Firre tree taken about the waight of halfe an ounce looseth the belly driueth foorth hoate cholerique humours it doth clense and mundifie the hurt kidneyes prouoketh vrine and driueth foorth the stone and grauel and is good to be receiued oftentimes of such as are troubled with the gowte The same taken with Nutmegge and Sugar in quantitie of a nut cureth the strangurie and is very good against the excoriations and going of of the skinne or fluxe of the secrete partes It is also excellent for all greene or fresh woundes especially the woundes of the head for it healeth and clenseth very muche Of the Larche or Larix tree Chap. xcij. †The Description THe Larix tree is great and thicke spreading abroade his slender boughes or branches whiche are very plyāt or limmer The timber is reddish thicke waightie and very hard insomuch as fire cannot do it much harme except it be burned in the Furnis with other wood like chalke or white stone The barke of this tree is smoother then the barke of the Firre tree The leaues be greene and small iagged growing thicke togither in tuftes lyke tasselles and do fall of at the comming of winter The fruit is like to Pine apples sauing that it is muche smaller and not muche greater then Cypres Nuttes From this tree commeth foorth a liquor Rosen or gumme whiche is softe moyst whitishe and darke in substance lyke hony of Athens as Vitruuins writeth There groweth in this kinde of trees a kinde of Mushrome or Tadstoole that is to say a fungeuse excrescence called Agaricus or Agarick the whiche is a precious medicine and of great vertue The best Agarick is that which is whitest very light britle and open or spongious That which is otherwise that is to say blacke thicke close clammie and waightie is not meete for medicine but vnholesome and venemous Larix †The Place This tree groweth in Lombardie alongst by the riuer Padus and in Silesia plentifully †The Tyme This tree hath newe leaues at the beginning of the spring time The fruite is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Larix in some Shops Larga in high Douche Lerchenbaum in base Almaigne Lorkenboom The Rosen of this tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Resina laricea and Resina larigna in Shoppes Terebinthina not without errour also in Douche it is called Termenthijn or Terbenthijn that is to say Terebinthin or Turpentyn this is the common Turpentyn that we haue whiche should rather be called Larche Rosen or Larche Turpentyne The spongie excressence whiche is founde in the Larche tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Agaricum in Shoppes Agaricus of some Medicina familiae in Englishe Agarik in Frenche Agaric †The Nature The Larche tree his leaues fruite barke and kernell are of temperature almost lyke to the Pine and Firre trees but not althing so vertuous neyther yet so strong The Rosen of this tree is hoate and drie lyke the other Rosens but it doth mundifie and clense better then the rest Agarick is hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde ⧠The Vertues The Rosen of the Larche or Larix trees is as good as any of the other Rosens to be put into oyntmentes and implaisters to glewe togither clense and heale woundes To be licked in with hony it clenseth the breast and looseth the belly prouoketh vrine and driueth out the stone and grauell to be taken inwardly to be short it is of facultie very lyke to the right Turpentine and may be vsed for the same as Galen writeth lib. de medicamentis secundum genera Agarick taken about the weight of a dramme purgeth the belly from colde slimie fleme and other grosse and raw humours whiche charge and stoppe the brayne the sinewes the lunges the breast the stomacke the liuer the splene the kidneyes the matrix or any other the inwarde partes Agarick is good against the payne and swimming of the head the falling euill and the impostumes of the brayne to be taken with Syrupe Acetosus It is good against the shortnesse of breath called Asthma the hard continuall cough or inueterate cough it is good also for suche as haue taken falles ' are brused or squatte or hurt or bursten inwardly to be dronken in honyed wine when one hath no feuer and with honyed water in a feuer It is also giuen with great profite sodden in sweete wine to suche as haue the Tysicke and consumption and to them that spet and cast forth blood when they loose their bellies or go to the stoole It openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and kidneyes and preuayleth much against the Iaundise and suche as are euill coloured for it putteth away the noughtie colour and restoreth the faire naturall colour If it be taken with vineger it openeth and cureth the stopping and hardenesse of the melt or splene The same taken drie without any liquor dooth strengthen and comfort the weake and feeble stomacke it cureth the wamblinges of the stomacke and the sower belching out of the same causing good digestion Agarick is a good medicine agaynst olde feuers for to purge the body and against wormes it is also very profitably put into medicines that are giuen against poyson or venome †The Daunger Agarick is of slowe operation and taken into great a quantitie it feebleth the inwardes partes †The Remedie Agarick is corrected to be giuen either with Ginger Sal geme but chiefly with Oximell Of Turpentyne tree Chap. xciij †The Description THE Turpentine tree in some places is but shorte and base and in some places it waxeth great and high as Theophrastus writeth It hath long leaues cōsisting of many other leaues like to Baye leaues growing one agaynst an other alongst by one stem The flowers be smal reddish growing togither lyke grapes afterwarde there come small rounde beries at the first greene but afterward reddish and when they be rype they be blacke clammie or fat and of a pleasant sauour The rootes be long and growe deepe in the grounde the timber is faire blacke and thicke Out of this tree issueth the right Turpentine the whiche is faire and cleare thicker then the liquid
Description THIS herbe hath a weake slender stalke with ioyntes or knottes the leaues are greater than the leaues of Fenill like to the leaues of Pine tree At the top of the stalkes groweth rounde spokie tuffetes full of little yellowe flowers the whiche afterwarde do turne into broade seede The roote is thicke and long blacke without and white within of a stroÌ„g greeuous smell and full of yellow sap or liquer smelling not muche vnlike to Sulphur or Brymstone and it beareth at the hyghest of the roote aboue the earth a certayne thicke or bushe of heare like to the rootes of Libanotides before described amoÌ„gst whiche the leaues and stalke do spring vp †The Place This herbe groweth vppon the high mountaines of Almaigne in the woodes of Languedoc certayne other countries Heare the Herboristes do sowe it in their their gardens It is found in certayne places of Englande and D. Turner sayth he founde a roote of it at S. Vincentes rocke by Bristowe Peucedanus ⧠The Tyme Peucedanum flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latiue and in shoppes Peucedanum of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est Bonus Genius Pinastellum Stataria and Foeniculus Porcinus In Englishe also Peucedanum Horestrong or Horestrange Sowe fenill and of some Sulpherwurt In Italion Peucedano In Spanishe Heruatum In Frenche Peucedanon and Queuë de Pourceau In high Douch Harstrang of some Schwebelwurtz and Sewfenchel that is to say Sulpher roote and Sowfenell In base Almaigne Verckens Venckell †The Nature This herbe but specially the sap or iuys of the roote is hoate in the seconde degree and drie almost in the beginning of the thirde degree †The Vertues The sappe of the roote of Peucedanum or Horestrange taken by it selfe or with bitter Almondes and Rue as Plinie sayth is good agaynst the shortnesse of breath swageth the griping paynes of the belly dissolueth and driueth away ventositie windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke and of all inwarde partes it wasteth the swelling of the Melte or Splene It looseth the belly gentilly and purgeth by siege both fleme and choler The same taken in manner aforesayde prouoketh vrine easeth the payne of the kidneyes and bladder it mooueth the fluxe menstrual causeth easie deliuderance of childe and expulseth the Secundyne and the deade childe The iuyce of Peucedanum is good agaynst the Cough if it be taken with areare egge The same giuen to smell vpon doth greatly helpe such women as are greeued with vprising and strangling of the Mother and stirreth vp agayne or waketh suche people as haue the lethargie or the forgetfull and sleeping disease The same layde to the forehead with oyle of Roses and Vineger is good agaynst the madnesse called in Greeke Phrenitis and the olde greeuous head aches and giddinesse of the same terrible dreames and the falling sicknesse The same sappe applyed as is aforesayde cureth the Paulsie the Crampe and drawing togyther of sinewes and all olde colde diseases especially the Sciatica The perfume of Peucedanum burned vppon quicke coales driueth away Serpentes and all other venemous beastes creeping vpon the grounde The iuyce of it put into the concauitie or hollownesse of a naughtie tooth swageth toothache and powred into the eares with oyle of Roses cureth the payne of the same They lay it with good successe vnto the rupture or bursting of younge children and vpon the Nauelles that stande out or are to muche lifted vp The roote in vertue is lyke to the iuyce but it is not althing so effectuall Yet men drinke the decoction thereof agaynst all the diseases whereunto the the iuyce is good The roote dried and made into powder doth mundifie and elense olde stine-king and corrupt vlcers and draweth foorth the splinters and peeces of boones and bringeth to a scarre and closeth vp vicers that be harde to healè They mingle it very profitably with aloyntmentes and Emplaisters that are made to chafe and heate any part of the body whatsoeuer The same dryed and mengled with the Oyle of Dill causeth one to sweate if the body be annoynted and rubbed therwith Of great Pellitorie of Spayne / Imperatoria or Masterwort Chap. cix †The Kyndes MAsterwort is of two sortes tame wilde not much oulyke one another aswel in leaues as in floures and rootes both kindes are wel knowen in this Countrie †The Description IMperatoria or Masterwort hath great broade leaues almost like Alerander but of deeper greene and stronger sauour euery leafe is diuided into three others the which agayne hath two or three deepe cuttes or gasshes insomuch as euery leafe is diuided into seueÌ„ or nine parts and euery part is toothed or natched rounde about like a sawe Amongst these leaues groweth the tender knottie stalkes whiche be of a reddishe colour next the grounde bearing at the top round spokie tuffets with white floures after the whiche commeth the seede whiche is large and lyke to Dyll seede The roote is long of the thicknesse of ones finger creeping alongst and putteth vp new leaues in sondrie places somwhat blacke without and white within hoate or byting vpon the tongue of a strong sauour The wylde Imperatoria commonly called Herbe Gerarde or Aishe Weede is not much vnlyke the abouesaide in leaues flowers rootes sauing that the leaues are smaller growing vpoÌ„ longer Stemmes and the roote is tenderer whiter and not so thicke Also the whole plante with his roote is not althing so strong in in sauor yet it is not alto gither without a certayne strong smell or sauor †The Place Asterantium or Masterwort is sometymes founde in wooddes and desertes vpon littel hylles or small mountaynes They do also plante it meetely plentifullye in the gardins of high and base Almayne and Englande The seconde Imperatoria or wylde Masterwort groweth commoÌ„ly in most gardens of his owne kinde and this is surely a weede or vnprofitable plante And wheras these herbes haue once taken roote they wyll there remayne willingly and do yearely increase spreade abroade getting more grounde dayly For which cause as I thinke it was first called Imperatoria or Masterwoortz in Douch Asterantium Ostrutium †The Tyme These herbes do flower here in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called of some Herboristes and Apothicaries Osteritium Ostrition Ostrutium or Asterantium of some Imperatoria In English also Imperatoria Masterworte and Pellitorie of Spayne In Italion Imperatoriá In Frenche Ostrutium or ImperatoÃre and Herbe du Benioin but falsely In high Douch Meysterwurtz In base Almaigne Meesterwortell The second or wilde Imperatoria is now called Herba Gerardi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Septifolium that is to say Herbe Gerarde and Setfoyle In Englishe some call it Aishweede In base Almayne Geraert and Seuenblat †The Nature Asterantium but chiefely the roote is hoate and dry in the thirde degree The wilde is almost of the same nature and qualitie