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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	abide_v	able_a	condition_n	16	3	5.4956	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20032	The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and ilandes lately founde in the west ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne. ... Wrytten in the Latine tounge by Peter Martyr of Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden.; De orbe novo. Decade 1-3. English	Anghiera, Pietro Martire d', 1457-1526.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576.	1555 (1555)	STC 647; ESTC S104405	685,206	801

nature of the sea And salte as wytnesseth Plinie yeldeth the farnesse of oyle But oyle by a certeyne natiue heate is of propertie agreable to fyre The sea then beinge all of such qualitie Salte poureth furth it selfe far vppon thextreme landes whereby by reason of the saltenesse therof it moueth and stereth vp generatiue heate Generatiue heate as by fatnesse it noryssheth the fecunditie of thynges generate It gyueth this frutfulnes to the earth at certeyne fluds although the earth also it selfe haue in his inner bowels the same liuely and nurysshynge heate wherby not only the dennes caues and holowe places Owtwarde could is cause of inwarde heate but also sprynges of water are made warme And this so much the more in howe muche the wynter is more vehement This thyng dooth more appere by this exemple that the mountaynes of Norway and Suethlande are fruteful of metals in the which syluer and copper are concocte and molten into veynes which can scarsely bee doonne in fornaces By this reason also the vapours and hotte exhalations perceinge the earthe and the waters Uapours and exhalations and throwghe both those natures breathynge furth into the ayer tempereth the qualitie of heauen and maketh it tollerable to beastes as wytnesseth the huge byggenesse of the whales in those seas whales with the strength of bodye and longe lyfe of suche beastes as liue on the lande Beastes whiche thynge coulde not bee excepte all thynges were there commodiously nurysshed by the benefite of the heauen and the ayer For nothyng that in the tyme of increase is hyndered by any iniurie or that is euyll fedde all the tyme it lyueth can prosper well hereby maye bee considered the cause of the deathe of owr men that sayle dir●ctly to Guinea Neyther are such thynges as lyue there offended with theyr naturall wynter as thowgh an Egiptian or Ethiopian were suddeynly conueyed into those coulde regions For they were in longe tyme by lyttle and lyttle browght fyrst acquaynted with the nature of that heauen as may be proued both by the lyfe of man and by the historie of holy scripture They that were led from Mesopotania and that famous towre of Babilon towarde the north partes of the worlde in the fyrst dispertion of nations dyd not immediatly passe to thextreme boundes No passage from one extremitie to another but by a meane but planted theyr habitations fyrst vnder a myddle heauē betwene both as in Thracia and Pontus where theyr posteritie was accustomed the better to susteyne the rygoure of Scythia and Lanais as he 〈◊〉 at commeth from winter to soommer maye the better after abyde Ise and snowe beinge fyrst hardened therto by the frostes of Autumne In lyke maner mortall men accustomed to beare the hardenesse of places nexte vnto theym were therby at the length more confirmed to susteyne the extremes And here also if any sharpenesse remayne that maye seeme intollerable nature hathe prouyded for the same with other remedies For the lande and sea hathe gyuen vnto beastes diepe and large caues dennes Caues and dennes and other holowe places and secreate corners in mountaynes and rockes bothe on the lande and by the sea bankes in the which are euer conteyned warme vapoures so much the more intent and vehement in howe much they are the more constrayned by extreme could Nature hath also gyuen valleys diuerted and defended frome the north wyndes Ualleys Shee hath lykewise couered beastes with heare so much the thicker in howe muche the vehemencie of could is greater by reason wherof the best and rychest furres are browght frome those regions The best furres as Sables whose price is growne to great excesse nexte vnto gold and precious stones Sables and are estemed princely ornamentes The beastes that beare these furres are hunted chiefely in wynter wh●ch thynge is more straunge bycause theyr heare is thenne thicker and cleaueth faster to the skyn Howe greauous then shall we thinke the winter to bee there where this lyttle beast lyueth so well and where the hunters may search the dennes and hauntes of such beastes throwghe the wooddes and snowe Beastes that lye hyd in wynter But suche beastes the condition of whose bodies is so tender that they are not able to abyde thiniurie of coulde eyther lye hydde in wynter or chaunge theyr habitation as do certeyne beastes also in owre clime Nature hath furthermore gyuen remedie to man bothe by arte and industry to defende him selfe both a brode and at home Abrode with a thicke vesture and the same well dowbeled At home with large fyers on harthes chymyneys and in stooues for the day with close chambers and couches softe and warme beddes for the nyght by whiche remedies they mirigate the winters which seeme rigorous to straungers All beastes haue the nature of the place where they are engendere● althowghe they are to thinhabitauntes more tollerable then owre opinion as in deede by the fyrst natural mixture or composition of theyr bodies such thinges are agreable to them as seeme very harde to other The lion in Affrike and the beare in Sarmatia are fierce as in theyr presente strength and vigoure but translated into a contrary heauen are of lesse strength and courage The foule cauled Ciconia which sum thinke to bee the storke dooth not tary the winter yet doo the cranes coomme at that tyme. The Scythian wyll accuse the Romane heauen as induccinge feuers wheras neuerthelesse there is none more holsoome what exercise may doo Such as haue byn tenderly browght vp if they coomme suddenly in to the campe can not away with hunger watchynge heate passages throwgh ryuers ba●tayles sieges and assaultes But the owld souldier exercised in the warres vseth these as meditations of the fielde as hardened therto by longe experience He that hath byn accustomed to the shadowe of the citie and wyll attempte the sayinge of the poet Uirgil Nudus ara sere nudus that is naked and bare withowt house home shall to his perell make an ende of the verse Use maketh masteries H●bebis frigora febrem that is he shall haue the coulde ague Suche thynges therfore as seeme harde vnto vs beinge accustomed by lyttle and lyttle becomme more tollerable In so much that this exercise of su●feraunce by such degrees dooth oftentymes grow to prodigious effectes facte beyonde owre expectation And thus wee seeme to haue made sufficient demonstration by heauen nature and arte wherby it may appere that no part of the lande or sea is denyed to lyuynge creatures The reader may also perceaue how large matter of reasons and exemples may bee opened for the declarynge of owre opinion wherein wee rest Let the●fore thautoritie of the ancient autours gyue place and the consent of the newe wryters agree to this hystory not as nowe at the length comprehend●d whereas before many hundreth yeares Germanie and Scondia had entercourse of Scondia marchaund●es not seuered by the large

of great Basilius Prince of Moscouia to pope Clement the seuenth 278. Other notable thynges as concernynge Moscouia gathered owt of the bookes of Sigismundus Liberus 289. The description of the regions and people lyinge North and Easte from Moscouia to the ryuer Petzora and the prouince of Iugaria and the ryuer Obi. c. 294. Of the famous ryuer of Tanais 297. More directly from Moscouia to ●athay 298. Of the Tartars 299. The nauigation by the frosen se● ▪ 303. The letters missiue which kynge Edwarde the .vi. sent to the kynges princes and other potentates inhabitynge the north east partes of the worlde towarde the Empire of Cathay 306. and. 308. The letters of the prince of Moscouia sente to kynge Edwarde 319. Other notable thynges as touchynge the Indies and of the foreknowleage that the poet Seneca had of the fyndynge of the newe worlde other regions not then knowen 310 Of the greate Ilande whiche Plato cauled Atlantica or Atlantide 310. Of the coloure of the Indians 311. Why they were cauled Indians 311. The fyrst discouerynge of the West Indies 312. What maner of man Christopher Colon was and howe he came fyrst to the knowleage of the Indies 313. What laboure and trauaile he tooke in attemptynge his firste vyage to the Indies 313. Of newe Spayne cauled Noua Hispania or Mexico 315. Of Peru. 316. Of the great ryuer cauled Rio de la Plata 316. Of the hygher or superior India cauled India Tercera or Terciera 317. Ageyne of the landes of Laborador and Baccalaos 318. The discouerynge of the lande of Florida 319. An opinion that Europe Africa and Asia are Ilandes and of certeyne Nauigations abowt the same 320. That the Spanyardes haue sayled to the Antipodes whiche inhabite the vndermost halfe of the baule of the earth contrary to thopinions of the owlde wryters 321. Who fyrst founde the nedle of the compasse and the vse therof 322. The situation and byggenesse of the earth 323. What degrees are 324. A demonstration of the roundenesse of the earth 324. What credit owght to be gyuen to wryters as touchynge the woorkes of nature 325. The preface to the booke of metals 326. Of the generation of metalles and theyr mines with the maner of fyndynge the same 327. Of the mine of golde and the qualitie therof 334. Of the myne of syluer 340. The maner of woorkynge in the golde mines of Egypte in oulde tyme. 342. The discription of the two vyages made owt of Englande to Guinea in Afrike 343. A briefe description of Afrike 344. The fyrste vyage to Guinea 345. The seconde vyage to guynea 350. The maner of fyndynge the Longitude of regions by dyuers wayes 360. A newe maner of fyndynge the Longitudes of regions 361 ▪ A briefe rehearsall of the contentes of the bookes of the Decades c. FINIS ¶ The interpretacion of certeyne Woordes ¶ Continente that is the firme lande not inclosed with water or no Ilande A Carauel or Caruel a kynde of shyppes Hemispherium the halfe globe of the earth and water Pesus a ducate and a halfe Equinoctial the line that diuideth the heauen and the earthe in the myddest betwene the two poles in the which when the sonne commeth the days nyghtes are of equal length Clime is a portion of the worlde betwene north and south Paralleles are lines whereby the sonne passynge causeth variation of tyme. Gatti Mammoni Monkeys Schoenus is a space of .xl. furlonges Werst is an Italian mile Colonie an habitacion The Indian language ¶ Canoa a boate or barke Caciqui kynges or gouernours Zemes an Idole Tuyra the deuyll Machana a sworde Areitos songes or balades Tona the moone Tonatico the soonne Quines prestes Chiuy a man Ira a woman Boa a house Cauni golde Mayani nothynge c. ¶ Note that the Ilande of Hispaniola is nowe cauled San Domingo by reason of the chiefe citie so named Also saynte Iohns Ilande cauled sancti Iohannis or Burichena is otherwyse cauled Boriquen Rycharde Eden to the reader THe moste famous oratoure and learned Phylosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero wryteth that in all consultations as touchynge owre behauoure and order of lyuynge amonge men it behoueth vs euer to beare in mynde howe farre the dignitie of mans nature excelleth the condition of brute beastes For they beinge ruled altogether by sence delyte in nothynge but beastely appetites whereunto they runne headlonge as to theyr onely felicitie But the mynde of man beinge of more noble nature is nurysshed with knowleage and taketh pleasure in diuisynge or excogitatynge sume honest thynge whereby it not onely leaueth amonge men a memorie of his immortall nature but also engendereth the lyke affection in other that delyte to see and heare such thinges as are commendable in theyr predicessours And this surely thynke I to bee the cause that eyther the famous factes of woorthy men Commendation of noble factes or ingenious inuentions of experte artificers haue not onely nobilitate the autours and diuisers of the same or such to whom they haue byn dedicate but also that parte of theyr commendations haue redounded to all suche as haue spente theyr tyme and taken peynes in illustratynge and settynge furthe theyr doynges For who shulde at this daye haue knowen Mausolus the kynge of Caria Mausolus with his wyfe Artemisia or these famous artificers Cunnynge artificers Scopa Bryaces Timotheus Leochares or Pythis if the wonderfull and sumptuous woorke of the sepulcher whiche Artemisia made for kynge Mausolus her husband beinge of such woorkemanshyppe that it was accompted for one of the marueyls of the worlde had not geuen vnto all these immortall fame whereas neuerthelesse it coulde not defende it selfe ageynst thiniurie of tyme consumynge all thynges There remayneth at this daye no token of the laborious Tabernacle whiche Moises buylded The Tabernacle of Moises or of the renoumed and maru●●lous Temple that was buylded in Hierusalem by Salomon and renewed by Esdras The Temple of Salomon Yet shall the name of the excellente artificers Ooliab and Beselchel and Hyram the kynge of Tyrus Hyram lyue for euer in the memory of men Furthermore also Salomon hym selfe although he were many other wayes famous yet gaue he a greate parte of his glory to that princely buyldynge But certeynely the most trewe and permanent glory Trewe glory procedeth of such monumentes as brynge sume great and notable cōmoditie profite to the lyfe of men rather then of the hugious heapes of stones of the Pyramides of Egypt wherin is nought els to see but the fonde barbarous ostentation of superfluous riches Great and sūptuous works Or of the Mazes cauled Labyrinthi or of horryble great Images cauled Colossi of knottes inexplicable of brasen caudrons of monstrous byggenesse of hauens with echo seuen tymes reboundynge and dyuers suche other portentous inuentions the which as they do delite vs in considerynge the maruelous arte and witte of suche artificers as diuised and made the same so are they otherwyse

returne to the clime of temperate regions They vse also a straunge makynge of breade in this maner Their bread They grynde betwene two stones with theyr handes as much c●rne as they thynke maye suffice theyr famelie And when they haue thus brought it to floure they put thereto a certeyne quantitie of water and make therof very thin dowgh which they stycke vppon sum post of theyr houses where it is baked by the heate of the sonne So that when the master of the house or any of his famely wyll eate thereof they take it downe and eate it They haue very fayre wheate Their wheate the ere whereof is twoo handfulles in length and as bygge as a great bulrusshe and almost foure ynches abowt where it is byggest The steme or strawe semeth to be almost as bygge as the lyttle fynger of a mans hande or lyttle lesse The graynes of this wheate are as bygge as owr peason rounde also and verye whyte and sumwhat shynynge lyke perles that haue lost theyr colour Almost all the substaunce of theym turneth into floure and maketh lyttle branne or none I toulde in one ere twoo hundreth and three score graynes The ere is inclosed in thre blades longer then it selfe and of two inches brode a piece And by this frutefulnesse the soonne seemeth partly to recompence such greefes and molestations as they otherwyse receaue by the feruent heate therof It is doubtlesse a woorthy contemplation to consider the contrary effectes of the soonne The soonne or rather the contrary passions of suche thynges as receaue thinfluence of his beames eyther to theyr hurte or benefite Theyr drynke is eyther water or the iuise that droppeth from the cut braunches of the barren date trees cauled Palmites Their drinke For eyther they hange greate gourdes at the sayde branches euery euenynge and let them so hange all nyght or els they set them on the ground vnder the trees that the droppes may faule therin They say that this kynde of drynke is in tast much lyke vnto whey but sumwhat sweeter and more pleasaunt They cut●● the branches euery euenynge bycause they are scred vp in the day by the heate of the soonne They haue also great beanes as bygge as chestenuttes and verye harde with a shell in the steede of a huske Many thynges more myght be sayd of the maners of the people and of the woonders and monstrous thynges that are engendered in Afrike But it shall suffice to haue sayde thus much of such thynges as owre men partely sawe and partely browght with them And wheras before speakynge of the frute of graynes Graynes I descrybed the same to haue holes by the syde as in deede it is as it is browght hether yet was I afterwarde informed that those holes were made to put strynges or twygges throughe the frute therby to hange them vp to drye at the sonne They growe not paste a foote and a halfe or twoo foote frome the grownde and are as red as bludde when they are gathered The graynes them selu●s are cauled of the physisians Grana Paradysi At theyr comminge home the keles of theyr shyppes were maruelously ouergrowē with certein shels of .ii. ynches length and more as thycke as they coulde stande Shelles that cleaue to shippes and of such byggenes that a man may put his thom in the mouthes of thē They certeynly affirme that in these there groweth a certeyne slymy substaunce which at the length slypping owt of the shel fauling in the sea becōmeth those foules which we cal barnacles Barnacles The lyke shelles haue byn seene in shyppes returning from I●lande But these shelles were not past halfe an inch in length Of the other that came from Guinea I sawe the Prymrose lyinge in the docke and in maner couered with the sayd shelles which in my iu●gemente shulde greately hynder her saylynge Theyr shyppes were also in many places eaten with the woormes cauled Bromas or Bissas whereof mention is made in the Decades Bromas These creepe betwene the plankes whiche they eate throwgh in many places A secreate Amonge other thynges that chaunced to them in this vyage this is woorthy to be noted that wheras they sayled thether in seuen weekes they coulde returne in no lesse space then .xx. weekes The cause wherof they say to be this ●hat abowt the coast of Cabo Uerde the wynd is euer at the East by reason whereof they were info●ced to sayle farre owte of theyr course into the mayne Ocean to fynde the wynde at the west to brynge them home The death of owr men There dyed of owre men at this last vyage abowt .xxiiii. whereof many dyed at theyr returne into the clime of the coulde regions as betwene the Ilandes of Soria and Englande They browght with them certeyne blacke slaues wherof sum were taule and stronge men and coulde well agree with owr meates and drynkes Could may be better abidē then heate The coulde and moyst ayer dooth sumwhat offende them Yet doubtlesse men that are borne in hotte regions may better abyde coulde then men that are borne in coulde regions may abyde heate forasmuch as vehement heate resolueth the radicall moisture of mens bodies as could cōstreyneth and preserueth the same This is also to bee consydered as a secreate woorke of nature that throughout all Afryke vnder the Equinoctiall line and neare abowt the same on bothe sydes the regions are extreeme hotte and the people very blacke Wheras contraryly such regions of the West Indies as are vnder the same line The west In●ise are very temperate and the people neyther blacke nor with curlde and short woolle on theyr heades as haue they of Affryke but of the coloure of an olyue with longe and blacke heare on theyr heades the cause of which varietie is declared in dyuers places in the Decades It is also woorthy to bee noted that summe of them that were at this vyage toulde me That is that they ouertooke the course of the soonne so that they had it north from them at noone the .xiiii. day of Marche And to haue sayde thus much of these vyages it may suffice For as I haue sayd before Wheras the parteners at whose charges this booke is prynted wolde longe sence haue me proceaded no further I had not thought to haue wrytten any thynge of these vyages but that the liberalitie of master Toy encoraged me to attempt the same Whiche I speake not to the reproche of other in whome I thynke there lacked no good wyll but that they thought the booke wolde be to chargeable ¶ The maner of fyndynge the Longitude of regions by dyuers wayes after the description of Gemma Phrysius PErceauynge what contention is and longe hath byn not only amonge the pylottes that by trauaylynge the sea haue obserued the starres but also amonge sum men that are skylfull in mathematicall sciecens wherof many affirme that the longitude that is to meane the course from