republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o 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the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
he_o none_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cham_n drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o peninsula_n without_o the_o grand_a signior_n assistance_n who_o he_o suspect_v to_o be_v the_o contriver_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o rebellion_n conclude_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o have_v such_o a_o design_n he_o will_v have_v deliver_v they_o up_o long_o before_o or_o at_o least_o will_v have_v keep_v they_o so_o secure_a that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v make_v their_o escape_n at_o the_o some_o time_n amurath_n who_o be_v still_o engage_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o persian_n send_v to_o require_v muchmetkirey_n assistance_n no_o long_o as_o a_o friend_n but_o as_o a_o master_n and_o in_o a_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a manner_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o cham_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o commit_v hostility_n against_o the_o grand_a signior_n without_o declare_v war._n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o caffa_n and_o press_v it_o so_o hard_a in_o a_o few_o day_n that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n because_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o be_v attack_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v their_o ally_n have_v resolve_v to_o surrender_v it_o in_o two_o day_n time_n if_o they_o be_v not_o relieve_v then_o amurath_n who_o be_v extreme_o alarm_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o expedition_n sont_fw-fr for_o one_o assan_n a_o tartar_n who_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o long_a time_n prisoner_n and_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o bastard-brother_n of_o machmetkirey_n he_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o a_o very_a oblige_a manner_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v obey_v his_o order_n he_o will_v advance_v he_o to_o great_a honour_n that_o the_o cham_fw-mi of_o tartary_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v a_o tyrant_n and_o abuse_v his_o subject_n so_o barbarous_o that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o bear_v his_o cruelty_n and_o that_o if_o he_o will_v undertake_v to_o invade_v crim_n tartary_n he_o will_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n and_o a_o army_n to_o deliver_v his_o countryman_n from_o their_o inhuman_a oppressor_n assan_n who_o have_v never_o dream_v of_o exchange_v his_o chain_n for_o a_o sceptre_n transport_v with_o joy_n at_o the_o prospect_n of_o so_o happy_a a_o turn_n in_o his_o fortune_n ready_o accept_v amurath_n offer_n he_o be_v declare_v viceroy_n of_o tartary_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n to_o who_o he_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o to_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n and_o afterward_o have_v receive_v the_o golden_a standard_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o his_o investiture_n he_o depart_v from_o constantinople_n with_o 40_o galley_n command_v by_o general_n ochiali_n and_o arrive_v in_o a_o few_o day_n at_o caffa_n just_a as_o that_o city_n be_v go_v to_o be_v surrender_v to_o machmetkirey_n after_o he_o have_v relieve_v caffa_n he_o endeavour_v by_o present_n and_o promise_v to_o gain_v the_o principal_a person_n among_o the_o tartar_n to_o his_o side_n and_o to_o induce_v they_o either_o to_o kill_v the_o cham_fw-mi or_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o alive_a to_o he_o he_o find_v it_o no_o difficult_a task_n to_o debauch_v their_o fidelity_n for_o the_o grand_a signior_n have_v furnish_v he_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o it_o be_v the_o general_a weakness_n of_o the_o oriental_a nation_n that_o they_o be_v very_o easy_o bribe_v thus_o have_v secure_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o chain_n be_v most_o faithful_a friend_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v massacr_v with_o his_o two_o son_n after_o which_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v cham_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o acquire_v the_o esteem_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a liberality_n to_o they_o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o crim_n tartar_n who_o till_o then_o be_v a_o free_a people_n become_v vassal_n to_o their_o ancient_a ally_n and_o by_o the_o way_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o what_o success_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o tartar_n be_v natural_o so_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a and_o of_o so_o haughty_a and_o imperious_a a_o temper_n that_o they_o despise_v all_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o beast_n so_o that_o when_o they_o obtain_v any_o advantage_n over_o they_o they_o impose_v insupportable_a condition_n upon_o they_o thus_o the_o tartar_n who_o inhabit_v along_o the_o volga_n impose_v very_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a condition_n upon_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o force_v they_o to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o they_o anno_fw-la 1470._o after_o they_o have_v ravage_v muscovy_n and_o subdue_v part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o czar_n or_o great_a duke_n shall_v pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n which_o he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o send_v to_o they_o on_o horseback_n that_o he_o shall_v go_v himself_o on_o foot_n with_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o court_n to_o meet_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o demand_v the_o say_a tribute_n even_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o postilion_n or_o groom_n that_o the_o czar_n shall_v in_o a_o very_a respectful_a manner_n present_v he_o with_o a_o pot_n of_o mares-milk_n to_o drink_v that_o if_o any_o one_o drop_n of_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v spill_v upon_o his_o horse_n mane_n the_o duke_n himself_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o lick_v it_o off_o with_o his_o tongue_n that_o he_o shall_v spread_v a_o fine_a sable_a fur_n under_o the_o foot_n of_o he_o who_o shall_v read_v the_o prince_n of_o tartary_n letter_n that_o he_o and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o muscovy_n shall_v hear_v they_o read_v upon_o their_o knee_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v blind_o obey_v all_o his_o order_n even_o though_o he_o shall_v command_v they_o to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o year_n 1226_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n pudicus_fw-la the_o crim_n tartar_n make_v a_o terrible_a irruption_n into_o poland_n overrun_v all_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o vistula_n at_o zavichost_n ravage_v the_o country_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o great_a booty_n into_o russia_n after_o they_o have_v secure_v their_o prey_n they_o return_v to_o poland_n where_o they_o commit_v far_o great_a barbarity_n and_o as_o if_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v their_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o plunder_n they_o march_v as_o far_o as_o silesia_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o oppelen_n ratibor_n and_o lignitz_n have_v join_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o great_a poland_n resolve_v to_o attack_v they_o but_o be_v themselves_o unfortunate_o defeat_v and_o the_o slaughter_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o barbarian_n carry_v away_o with_o they_o nine_o sack_n full_a of_o earring_n which_o they_o have_v cut_v from_o the_o christian_n after_o the_o battle_n some_o time_n after_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n the_o tartar_n return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n accompany_v by_o leo_n and_o romanus_n duke_n of_o russia_n who_o though_o they_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n scruple_v not_o to_o join_v with_o its_o mortal_a enemy_n after_o they_o have_v overrun_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n sandomir_n and_o cracow_n they_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n but_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n be_v also_o desirous_a to_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o booty_n make_v incursion_n into_o massovia_n and_o lithuania_n where_o boleslaus_n defeat_v they_o and_o romanus_n be_v afterward_o kill_v at_o zavichost_n a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o vistula_n about_o two_o league_n below_o sandomir_n but_o as_o if_o those_o first_o incursion_n which_o the_o tartar_n make_v into_o poland_n have_v only_o serve_v for_o a_o whet_v to_o their_o ravenous_a appetite_n they_o return_v again_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o leseus_n niger_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o with_o a_o terrible_a army_n and_o carry_v away_o so_o many_o slave_n that_o have_v count_v they_o at_o vlodzimir_n a_o town_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o russia_n they_o find_v that_o there_o be_v twenty_o thousand_o young_a woman_n among_o the_o captive_n i_o may_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v invade_v poland_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o almost_o all_o its_o king_n in_o that_o of_o john_n albert_n they_o make_v a_o irruption_n into_o volhinia_n in_o the_o year_n 1493._o and_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n be_v join_v by_o the_o turk_n they_o make_v such_o a_o dreadful_a incursion_n into_o that_o miserable_a country_n that_o after_o they_o have_v sack_v premislia_n jeroslaw_n and_o several_a other_o city_n they_o carry_v away_o above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o
tartar_n ought_v to_o have_v encourage_v the_o polander_n to_o pursue_v their_o victory_n and_o in_o their_o return_n to_o enter_v the_o crim_n and_o ravage_v all_o they_o can_v which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v the_o more_o easy_o because_o poland_n reach_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o because_o they_o may_v have_v surprise_v that_o peninsula_n since_o there_o be_v not_o one_o tartar_n that_o escape_v to_o carry_v the_o news_n of_o the_o defeat_n or_o of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o polander_n but_o instead_o of_o take_v this_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o invade_v or_o at_o least_o alarm_n these_o barbarian_n with_o who_o they_o be_v sensible_a they_o can_v never_o conclude_v a_o solid_a and_o durable_a peace_n prince_n john_n albert_n return_v to_o poland_n in_o triumph_n and_o the_o king_n his_o father_n receive_v he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n instead_o of_o check_v he_o for_o not_o pursue_v his_o victory_n and_o all_o the_o polander_v extol_v his_o courage_n and_o prudence_n this_o then_o be_v the_o usual_a conduct_n of_o the_o polander_n after_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o battle_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o polander_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o can_v never_o make_v a_o solid_a peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n or_o rely_v upon_o their_o promise_n and_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v this_o remark_n by_o above_o a_o hundred_o example_n but_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o mention_v two_o of_o these_o instance_n sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n prepare_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o and_o be_v desirous_a to_o secure_a podolia_n and_o volhinia_n give_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o mendlinge_n cham_n of_o tartary_n that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v no_o eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o also_o to_o make_v a_o powerful_a diversion_n in_o muscovy_n which_o the_o cham_n promise_v and_o swear_v to_o do_v but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o money_n from_o the_o polander_n than_o he_o violate_v his_o oath_n for_o march_v out_o of_o the_o crim_n with_o 300000_o horse_n instead_o of_o invade_v the_o muscovite_n he_o enter_v into_o podolia_n and_o russia_n and_o encamp_v at_o luceoria_n from_o whence_o he_o send_v four_o of_o his_o principal_a officer_n each_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o horse_n keep_v only_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o himself_o who_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o belcz_n leopold_n and_o lublin_n and_o the_o consternation_n of_o the_o people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o alarm_n reach_v to_o hungary_n for_o they_o pillage_v burn_v ravish_a woman_n and_o maid_n and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o cattle_n man_n woman_n and_o maid_n they_o can_v seize_v upon_o insomuch_o that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slave_n they_o take_v amount_v to_o above_o 50000_o person_n without_o reckon_v the_o old_a and_o the_o young_a who_o they_o kill_v because_o they_o can_v not_o carry_v they_o away_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n king_n sigismond_n be_v in_o lithuania_n where_o have_v receive_v a_o account_n of_o the_o fatal_a news_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o remedy_v the_o disorder_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n he_o send_v deputy_n to_o mendlinge_n to_o complain_v of_o his_o treachery_n in_o violate_v his_o oath_n to_o which_o the_o cham_n reply_v that_o it_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o his_o child_n and_o nephew_n and_o of_o the_o insolent_a youth_n who_o he_o can_v not_o restrain_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o desire_v to_o renew_v the_o alliance_n he_o have_v make_v with_o king_n sigismond_n and_o promise_v to_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o muscovite_n according_o he_o march_v the_o same_o summer_n out_o of_o the_o crim_n and_o ravage_v all_o muscovy_n from_o whence_o he_o bring_v back_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o cattle_n and_o slave_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o neither_o the_o polander_n nor_o any_o other_o christian_n ought_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o those_o barbarian_n but_o the_o second_o example_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v will_n more_o plain_o demonstrate_v the_o infidelity_n of_o those_o mahometan_n aslan_n be_v declare_v cham_n of_o tartary_n and_o his_o fidelity_n be_v suspect_v by_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o port_n on_o which_o the_o tartar_n depend_v resolve_v to_o send_v they_o sedetker_n for_o their_o prince_n which_o aslan_n be_v inform_v of_o by_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n and_o dread_v the_o grand_a signior_n power_n he_o send_v to_o supplicate_v sigismond_n iii_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o give_v he_o leave_v if_o the_o port_n shall_v declare_v war_n against_o he_o to_o retire_v into_o his_o territory_n about_o the_o boristhenes_n with_o 70000_o man_n pray_v he_o to_o be_v instead_o of_o a_o father_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o serve_v he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o which_o sigismond_n reply_v that_o he_o will_v receive_v he_o as_o his_o son_n that_o he_o wish_v he_o all_o happiness_n that_o he_o be_v sorry_a that_o the_o port_n be_v displease_v with_o his_o advancement_n and_o that_o if_o the_o turk_n shall_v march_v against_o he_o he_o may_v retire_v with_o safety_n into_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n where_o he_o will_v assist_v he_o with_o provision_n and_o troop_n the_o polander_n who_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v signalise_v themselves_o by_o some_o brave_a and_o important_a action_n resolve_v to_o attack_v oczakow_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o place_n leave_v that_o can_v incommode_v those_o who_o have_v retire_v along_o the_o boristhenes_n but_o unfortunate_o three_o day_n before_o the_o polander_n arrive_v at_o oczakow_n aslan_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o cousin_n sedetker_n and_o oczakow_n be_v surrender_v to_o he_o the_o polander_n have_v no_o design_n to_o offend_v aslan_n who_o they_o know_v be_v their_o ally_n nor_o know_v that_o the_o two_o cousin_n be_v reconcile_v meet_v in_o their_o way_n 300_o tartar_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n aslan_n who_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v his_o enemy_n they_o cut_v to_o piece_n and_o afterward_o kill_v more_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n in_o other_o place_n their_o courage_n be_v elevate_v with_o this_o success_n they_o march_v straight_o to_o oczakow_n and_o at_o their_o first_o arrival_n before_o the_o place_n take_v 3000_o horse_n that_o be_v run_v loose_a in_o the_o field_n aslan_n understanding_n what_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v send_v a_o messenger_n to_o jaslowieski_n their_o commander_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o since_o he_o be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o brother_n and_o good_a friend_n and_o have_v faithful_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o other_o tartar_n he_o be_v extreme_o surprise_v to_o hear_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v kill_v his_o man_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o horse_n which_o he_o keep_v for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o king_n that_o he_o entreat_v he_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o without_o oblige_v he_o to_o right_v himself_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v nor_o from_o a_o defendor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o give_v he_o cause_n to_o become_v its_o most_o cruel_a enemy_n that_o however_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o inform_v he_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v have_v a_o private_a conference_n with_o he_o to_o treat_v in_o a_o friendly_a manner_n of_o the_o wrong_n and_o loss_n he_o have_v sustain_v jaslowieski_n be_v deep_o concern_v at_o this_o news_n that_o do_v acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o have_v offend_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o poland_n ally_n and_o also_o fear_v the_o king_n resentment_n send_v word_n to_o aslan_n that_o he_o be_v extreme_o sorry_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v offend_v one_o of_o his_o king_n ally_n that_o this_o happen_v thoro_fw-la '_o a_o mistake_n not_o know_v that_o the_o tartar_n who_o he_o meet_v do_v belong_v to_o he_o and_o think_v they_o be_v some_o of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n his_o enemy_n that_o he_o pray_v he_o to_o forgive_v he_o a_o fault_n of_o which_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o restore_v all_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v take_v then_o and_o give_v free_a leave_n to_o the_o tartar_n to_o come_v for_o they_o when_o they_o please_v aslan_n have_v receive_v this_o news_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n send_v immediate_o to_o fetch_v the_o horse_n and_o invite_v jaslowieski_n to_o come_v to_o oczakow_n with_o the_o man_n that_o be_v to_o bring_v they_o thither_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v and_o that_o at_o his_o arrival_n
the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o much_o less_o near_o the_o diet_n upon_o pain_n of_o be_v declare_v enemy_n of_o the_o state_n and_o if_o the_o republic_n shall_v be_v attack_v by_o such_o potent_a enemy_n that_o the_o army_n shall_v not_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o oppose_v they_o they_o declare_v that_o from_o that_o minute_n they_o summon_v all_o the_o nobility_n to_o meet_v together_o without_o delay_n at_o the_o place_n and_o time_n which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v appoint_v that_o the_o review_n of_o the_o soldier_n raise_v in_o general_n by_o the_o republic_n or_o in_o particular_a by_o the_o palatinat_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o camp_n that_o each_o palatinat_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o pay_v it_o be_v own_o troop_n and_o not_o to_o disband_v any_o but_o such_o as_o the_o general_n diet_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o dismiss_v that_o the_o army_n shall_v not_o offer_v any_o violence_n to_o the_o person_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n or_o clergy_n and_o much_o less_o to_o the_o royal_a demesne_n and_o that_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v accountable_a for_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o their_o troop_n they_o forbid_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n to_o give_v out_o any_o money_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o his_o council_n but_o only_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o ordain_v that_o skilful_a and_o honest_a person_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o visit_v the_o saltwork_n and_o to_o regulate_v the_o reparation_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v necessary_a and_o that_o the_o deputy_n of_o certain_a city_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o diet_n till_o they_o have_v prove_v their_o right_n after_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v elect_v and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v for_o the_o security_n of_o all_o that_o be_v do_v during_o the_o diet_n they_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o exorbitance_n or_o irregularity_n commit_v against_o the_o republic_n in_o general_n or_o against_o private_a person_n then_o they_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o ainbassador_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n who_o either_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o recommend_v some_o of_o the_o pretender_n when_o the_o ambassador_n be_v to_o have_v their_o audience_n the_o republic_n send_v for_o they_o begin_v with_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n then_o proceed_v to_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n after_o he_o to_o the_o french_a ambassor_n and_o next_o to_o that_o of_o spain_n but_o since_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n when_o the_o spanish_a ambassador_n demand_v audience_n before_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n who_o notwithstanding_o be_v prefer_v before_o he_o whereupon_o he_o retire_v without_o make_v his_o harangue_n there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o ambassanor_n from_o the_o court_n of_o spain_n for_o as_o for_o don_n ronquillos_n the_o spanish_a minister_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o diet_n in_o 1674._o for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n iii_o he_o never_o dare_v assume_v the_o title_n or_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n the_o diet_n always_o send_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o the_o ambassador_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o constitution_n that_o regulate_v the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v to_o the_o minister_n but_o i_o remember_v the_o diet_n in_o 1674._o depute_v 2_o palatine_n and_o 4_o casteilans_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n and_o all_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n send_v their_o servant_n and_o coach_n so_o that_o his_o train_n consist_v of_o above_o 100_o coach_n and_o more_o than_o 3000_o men._n when_o the_o ambassador_n receive_v audience_n they_o make_v their_o harangue_n in_o latin_n the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n who_o preside_v answer_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n for_o the_o nobility_n the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o audience_n be_v attend_v by_o the_o same_o train_n that_o accompany_v he_o thither_o and_o since_o a_o plentiful_a entertainment_n be_v next_o to_o money_n the_o most_o prevail_a and_o successful_a argument_n to_o win_v the_o esteem_n and_o affection_n of_o a_o polander_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o a_o ambassador_n to_o treat_v they_o liberal_o and_o to_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o may_v not_o only_o fill_v their_o stomach_n but_o intoxicate_a their_o brain_n beside_o the_o care_n that_o a_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o take_v to_o manage_v the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n he_o ought_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o oblige_v the_o clergy_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o interest_n and_o authority_n be_v most_o capable_a of_o render_v his_o negotiation_n successful_a he_o must_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n which_o they_o receive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o alm_n that_o in_o their_o sermon_n and_o private_a discourse_n they_o may_v extol_v the_o liberality_n and_o magnificence_n of_o his_o master_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o a_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o be_v liberal_a to_o all_o the_o various_a rank_n and_o condition_n of_o people_n that_o he_o may_v gain_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o and_o avoid_v the_o opposition_n of_o other_o beside_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o pay_v they_o all_o that_o he_o promise_v in_o ready_a money_n but_o give_v they_o part_v at_o first_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o rest_n otherwise_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o keep_v their_o word_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o receive_v more_o have_v a_o far_o great_a influence_n upon_o they_o than_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v already_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o repeat_v it_o that_o a_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o manage_n all_o the_o senator_n in_o general_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n his_o interest_n to_o manage_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n because_o they_o be_v the_o head_n and_o master_n of_o religion_n by_o which_o the_o people_n be_v usual_o soon_o gain_v but_o above_o all_o if_o a_o ambassador_n design_n to_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v must_v never_o forget_v to_o secure_v the_o assistance_n of_o at_o least_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a prelate_n and_o it_o be_v even_o expedient_a to_o treat_v the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o laity_n for_o the_o money_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o feast_n be_v sometime_o bestow_v to_o better_a purpose_n than_o that_o which_o be_v give_v away_o in_o present_n because_o he_o that_o give_v present_n acquire_v the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n of_o those_o who_o he_o neglect_v whereas_o many_o person_n at_o once_o may_v be_v oblige_v by_o a_o well-timed_a entertainment_n liberality_n be_v the_o most_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o ambassador_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v penurious_a his_o master_n will_v be_v accuse_v of_o the_o same_o fault_n and_o the_o people_n who_o judge_v only_o by_o what_o they_o see_v will_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v that_o his_o parsimony_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o candidat_n who_o he_o represent_v it_o be_v also_o no_o less_o certain_a that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v pursue_v no_o other_o interest_n than_o that_o of_o his_o master_n that_o he_o shall_v serve_v he_o without_o any_o private_a design_n and_o blind_o follow_v all_o his_o order_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n forbid_v the_o nuncio_n who_o they_o send_v to_o poland_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n to_o make_v any_o interest_n to_o secure_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o privilege_n which_o that_o prince_n have_v to_o nominate_v one_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o cardinal_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o they_o be_v only_o concern_v for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o christendom_n and_o that_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v send_v from_o the_o common_a father_n of_o the_o faithful_a come_v not_o thither_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o partiality_n but_o only_o with_o a_o design_n to_o promote_v the_o election_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o may_v be_v able_a and_o willing_a to_o advance_v the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v be_v frequent_o observe_v that_o the_o nuncio_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a order_n of_o the_o sovereign_a pontiff_n have_v act_v zealous_o for_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o have_v make_v great_a party_n be_v to_o secure_a the_o nomination_n to_o the_o cardinalship_n to_o return_v to_o the_o diet_n after_o all_o the_o grievance_n
which_o they_o use_v for_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o muscovy_n which_o lie_v more_o northwards_o there_o be_v a_o much_o great_a abundance_n of_o honey_n which_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n and_o enable_v they_o to_o subsist_v comfortable_o in_o their_o cold_a habitation_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o vast_a swarm_n of_o bee_n in_o so_o cold_a a_o country_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o animal_n be_v more_o delight_v with_o the_o flower_n that_o be_v find_v in_o hot_a country_n than_o with_o those_o that_o grow_v in_o a_o cold_a climate_n it_o must_v be_v conclude_v then_o that_o the_o bee_n find_v some_o agreeable_a liquor_n upon_o the_o firr-tree_n and_o that_o they_o be_v please_v with_o that_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v for_o all_o the_o hive_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o garden_n be_v make_v of_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o firr-tree_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v how_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n improve_v their_o estate_n and_o how_o they_o raise_v their_o revenue_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o this_o country_n to_o let_v estate_n for_o money_n except_o only_o the_o farm_n of_o beer_n brandy_n and_o the_o inn_n which_o they_o call_v karczma_n all_o the_o other_o rent_n be_v pay_v in_o corn_n which_o they_o send_v to_o dantzick_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o fish_n which_o be_v buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n in_o horse_n ox_n cow_n calf_n sheep_n hog_n ceese_n duck_n turkey_n hen_n common_a hen_n chicken_n and_o capon_n which_o the_o peasant_n very_o careful_o bring_v up_o not_o dare_v to_o eat_v or_o sell_v any_o of_o they_o or_o otherwise_o embezel_n they_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o rod._n as_o for_o the_o butter_n and_o egg_n after_o the_o landlord_n kitchen_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v he_o bestow_v the_o rest_n with_o the_o flax_n which_o the_o peasant_n make_v upon_o his_o wife_n which_o she_o sell_v for_o pocket-money_n for_o the_o woman_n in_o poland_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o keep_v the_o purse_n but_o when_o they_o want_v any_o thing_n they_o pray_v their_o husband_n to_o give_v it_o they_o embrace_v his_o knee_n and_o call_v he_o my_o patron_n or_o benefactor_n the_o man_n do_v all_o the_o business_n and_o the_o woman_n meddle_v with_o nothing_o but_o eat_v drink_v and_o dance_v there_o be_v order_n give_v in_o the_o kitchen_n to_o give_v they_o whatever_o they_o demand_v upon_o every_o manor_n the_o lord_n keep_v a_o pod_n starosta_n that_o be_v a_o inferior_a gentleman_n who_o take_v care_n to_o gather_v in_o the_o cattle_n and_o other_o rent_n from_o the_o peasant_n to_o send_v part_n of_o they_o into_o his_o master_n kitchen_n and_o to_o sell_v the_o rest_n but_o though_o there_o can_v be_v a_o exact_a computation_n make_v of_o the_o revenue_n of_o land_n in_o poland_n because_o consist_v almost_o whole_o in_o commodity_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o which_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o landlord_n house_n there_o be_v person_n of_o quality_n who_o yearly_o revenue_n be_v esteem_v to_o amount_v to_o more_o than_o 100000_o crown_n and_o former_o the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v so_o rich_a that_o some_o lord_n usual_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o a_o train_n of_o above_o 1000_o man_n and_o other_o upon_o press_v occasion_n have_v furnish_v the_o republic_n with_o 3000_o man_n raise_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n as_o do_v leo_n sapieha_n chancellor_n of_o lithuania_n after_o the_o great_a defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n in_o vkrania_n on_o the_o 29_o of_o september_n 1648._o but_o at_o present_a poland_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o people_v as_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o suppose_v to_o be_v either_o so_o rich_a or_o populous_a after_o it_o have_v be_v harass_v by_o so_o many_o eruption_n of_o the_o muscovite_n turk_n tartar_n and_o cossack_n who_o have_v at_o several_a time_n carry_v away_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o slave_n and_o after_o the_o bloody_a and_o expensive_a war_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v maintain_v against_o all_o its_o neighbour_n and_o beside_o the_o plague_n which_o succeed_v these_o desolation_n have_v contribute_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o dispeople_v part_n of_o the_o country_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o polander_n be_v natural_o so_o extreme_o desirous_a of_o money_n that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o any_o term_n to_o procure_v it_o but_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o temper_n will_v never_o give_v they_o more_o than_o what_o they_o intend_v to_o lose_v for_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o pay_v their_o debt_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o to_o return_v a_o civil_a answer_n to_o their_o creditor_n since_o it_o may_v seem_v incredible_a that_o any_o commerce_n can_v subsist_v among_o a_o people_n who_o never_o pay_v what_o they_o borrow_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o way_n of_o lend_v money_n in_o poland_n for_o bond_n and_o obligation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o this_o country_n those_o who_o want_v money_n must_v either_o procure_v a_o supply_n from_o the_o gentleman_n merchant_n or_o burgess_n when_o one_o gentleman_n send_v money_n to_o another_o the_o borrower_n mortgage_n or_o make_v over_o a_o village_n to_o his_o creditor_n till_o the_o money_n be_v repaid_a as_o for_o the_o burgess_n and_o merchant_n they_o never_o lend_v money_n to_o the_o gentleman_n but_o upon_o pledge_n at_o 14_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v a_o note_n or_o inventory_n take_v of_o the_o quantity_n and_o kind_a of_o the_o pledge_n which_o the_o borrower_n give_v to_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n and_o if_o they_o consist_v of_o jewel_n as_o for_o example_n a_o pearl-necklace_n it_o be_v seal_v at_o the_o two_o end_n with_o the_o borrower_n seal_n in_o the_o same_o note_n after_o both_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n of_o the_o jewel_n or_o plate_n that_o be_v pawn_v and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n that_o be_v lend_v be_v specify_v the_o borrower_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n at_o six_o month_n warn_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o pay_v interest_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o 14_o per_fw-la cent._n it_o be_v also_o stipulate_v and_o agree_v upon_o betwixt_o both_o party_n that_o if_o the_o borrower_n shall_v neglect_v to_o pay_v interest_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n the_o creditor_n shall_v in_o that_o case_n have_v full_a power_n to_o send_v they_o to_o dantzick_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n that_o the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n lend_v money_n to_o the_o polander_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v never_o be_v pay_v though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v passionate_a lover_n of_o money_n and_o will_v leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o procure_v it_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o they_o do_v not_o desire_v it_o to_o purchase_v land_n or_o to_o build_v fine_a house_n or_o increase_v their_o revenue_n but_o only_o to_o buy_v silk_n stuff_n fur_n fine_a horse_n and_o arm_n and_o above_o all_o good_a hungarian_a wine_n the_o polish_v gentleman_n be_v all_o natural_o civil_a they_o usual_o invite_v traveller_n to_o their_o house_n and_o entertain_v they_o in_o a_o very_a kind_n and_o oblige_a manner_n the_o great_a lord_n be_v very_o generous_a and_o magnificent_a and_o to_o my_o certain_a knowledge_n some_o of_o they_o have_v take_v into_o their_o house_n frenchmen_n italian_n and_o german_n and_o maintain_v they_o till_o they_o find_v some_o employment_n i_o know_v particular_o that_o that_o chancellor_n patz_n have_v give_v both_o horse_n and_o money_n to_o stranger_n who_o have_v do_v he_o no_o service_n at_o all_o the_o polander_n be_v general_o very_o fond_a of_o magnificent_a habit_n after_o their_o mode_n most_o of_o they_o wear_v very_o handsome_a boot_n the_o heel_n of_o which_o be_v shod_a with_o iron_n a_o fur_v cap_n and_o ve_v that_o reach_n to_o their_o leg_n and_o be_v fur_v in_o cold_a wether_n the_o great_a lord_n have_v they_o fur_v with_o sable_a which_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o muscovy_n and_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n panther_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o the_o fine_a fur_n cost_v above_o 1000_o crown_n but_o they_o be_v only_o wear_v at_o diet_n and_o be_v keep_v from_o father_n to_o son_n some_o though_o few_o be_v clothe_v after_o the_o french_a fashion_n and_o wear_v linen_n lace_n point_n peruke_n and_o sword_n for_o those_o who_o retain_v the_o polish_v habit_n wear_v no_o other_o linen_n but_o shirt_n and_o drawer_n and_o some_o of_o
proof_n which_o he_o have_v by_o he_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n that_o these_o land_n and_o sum_n in_o bank_n amount_v to_o above_o twenty_o million_o of_o florin_n polish_v money_n beside_o his_o movable_n gold_n and_o silver_n plate_n jewel_n medal_n statute_n and_o painting_n these_o be_v the_o great_a offer_v with_o which_o don_n livio_n odescalchi_n expect_v to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o likely_a he_o will_v have_v carry_v his_o point_n have_v he_o not_o be_v outbid_v by_o some_o other_o prince_n to_o this_o new_a candidate_n i_o must_v add_v count_n jablonowsky_n general_n of_o the_o crown_n prince_n sapicha_n general_n of_o lithuania_n and_o prince_n lubiomirsky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o court_n but_o the_o event_n have_v show_v that_o they_o do_v cabal_n for_o other_o and_o not_o for_o themselves_o all_o the_o particular_a diet_n be_v hold_v and_o the_o fort_n and_o bridges_n which_o usual_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o these_o occasion_n over_o the_o vistula_n and_o all_o other_o preparation_n be_v in_o a_o readiness_n the_o diet_n begin_v the_o 15_o of_o may_n with_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n celebrate_v by_o signior_n davia_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n the_o bishop_n of_o ploskow_n make_v a_o sermon_n wherein_o he_o exhort_v the_o assembly_n to_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o the_o good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o to_o lay_v aside_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o private_a advantage_n with_o a_o resolution_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n the_o person_n who_o they_o shall_v deem_v most_o worthy_a of_o the_o crown_n the_o sermon_n be_v over_o they_o repair_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o election_n to_o choose_v a_o mareshal_n but_o they_o soon_o perceive_v the_o spirit_n of_o division_n be_v more_o powerful_a among_o they_o than_o the_o christian_a and_o judicious_a advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o ploskow_n so_o that_o the_o election_n of_o their_o precedent_n be_v put_v off_o till_o the_o first_o of_o june_n upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o assembly_n be_v not_o complete_a and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n mounseur_fw-fr omienisky_n who_o be_v mareshal_n of_o the_o preliminary_a diet_n be_v desire_v to_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o mareshal_n or_o precedent_n till_o another_o be_v elect_v one_o of_o the_o palatine_n of_o lesser_n poland_n propose_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o author_n and_o abetter_n of_o the_o confederacy_n of_o the_o army_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n or_o of_o a_o mareshal_n but_o this_o proposal_n and_o some_o other_o of_o this_o nature_n put_v the_o assembly_n into_o such_o a_o heat_n that_o the_o mareshal_n be_v oblige_v to_o adjourn_v they_o to_o the_o next_o day_n the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n take_v up_o the_o diet_n from_o the_o first_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 16_o because_o of_o the_o two_o party_n strive_v to_o gain_v this_o point_n the_o french_a be_v for_o count_n bielinsky_n grand_fw-fr chamberlain_n and_o the_o other_o party_n for_o czartorisky_a son_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o because_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o diet_n have_v a_o great_a influence_n over_o the_o palatine_n they_o perplex_v the_o affair_n so_o much_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o be_v think_v at_o first_o the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o for_o want_n of_o a_o mareshal_n at_o last_o the_o suffrage_n be_v collect_v and_o tell_v the_o plurality_n be_v find_v for_o count_n bielinsky_n who_o be_v thereupon_o proclaim_v mareshal_n this_o be_v a_o trial_n of_o skill_n and_o strength_n between_o the_o two_o party_n and_o therefore_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n have_v judicious_o foresee_v from_o the_o mighty_a opposition_n they_o meet_v with_o from_o the_o french_a faction_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v like_a to_o carry_v the_o crown_n unless_o he_o be_v opose_v by_o a_o more_o considerable_a rival_n than_o prince_n james_n for_o then_o all_o other_o party_n vanish_v away_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n make_v a_o proposal_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o be_v then_o at_o vienna_n to_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n assure_v he_o of_o a_o powerful_a assistance_n the_o elector_n be_v a_o young_a prince_n be_v easy_o dazzle_v with_o the_o prospect_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o accept_v with_o all_o imaginable_a satisfaction_n the_o proposal_n of_o the_o emperor_n his_o religion_n be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o obstacle_n as_o one_o will_v have_v think_v all_o his_o doubt_n and_o difficulty_n be_v easy_o remove_v in_o two_o or_o three_o conference_n he_o have_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la with_o the_o bishop_n of_o javarin_n his_o cousin_n and_o all_o other_o measure_v be_v take_v with_o a_o great_a privacy_n the_o elector_n take_v post_n for_o dresden_n where_o he_o arrive_v on_o the_o 11d_o of_o june_n and_o have_v muster_v his_o force_n which_o have_v be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 7_o or_o 8000_o man_n upon_o pretence_n of_o go_v into_o hungary_n march_v for_o silesia_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v at_o this_o march_n but_o the_o baron_n of_o fleming_n who_o arrive_v at_o warsaw_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o envoy_n extraordinary_a from_o saxony_n have_v publish_v his_o master_n design_n to_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o french_a perceive_v that_o they_o have_v be_v gross_o mistake_v and_o that_o they_o will_v have_v to_o deal_v with_o a_o powerful_a competitor_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o french_a thought_n at_o first_o that_o the_o elector_n be_v about_o to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o he_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o emperor_n and_o recall_v his_o troop_n from_o hungary_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v like_o thunder-strucked_a at_o the_o proposal_n of_o the_o baron_n do_v fleming_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o the_o family_n of_o saxony_n be_v so_o illustrious_a that_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o it_o and_o among_o other_o otho_n iii_o who_o raise_v the_o duke_n of_o poland_n to_o regal_a dignity_n 2._o the_o present_a elector_n be_v in_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o youth_n not_o be_v above_o 27_o year_n of_o age_n endow_v with_o all_o military_a virtue_n of_o which_o he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n upon_o the_o rhine_n in_o brabant_n and_o chief_o in_o hungary_n 3._o he_o have_v embrace_v the_o catholic_n religion_n as_o his_o envoy_n be_v ready_a to_o prove_v 4._o he_o have_v but_o one_o only_a son_n to_o who_o he_o will_v leave_v the_o electorate_v of_o saxony_n with_o several_a other_o territory_n so_o that_o he_o will_v be_v no_o charge_n to_o the_o republic_n the_o elector_n not_o seek_v the_o crown_n only_o for_o himself_o but_o out_o of_o a_o design_n of_o advance_v religion_n and_o defend_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n 5._o his_o electoral_a highness_n will_v have_v no_o regard_n to_o a_o sordid_a and_o particular_a interest_n of_o vacant_a preferment_n but_o only_o to_o virtue_n and_o merit_n 6._o immediate_o after_o the_o election_n he_o will_v give_v ten_o million_o not_o in_o paper_n but_o in_o ready_a money_n to_o pay_v the_o crown_n debt_n 7._o he_o promise_v to_o take_v caminieck_n with_o his_o own_o man_n and_o artillery_n 8._o he_o will_v unite_v the_o vkrain_n walachia_n and_o moldavia_n to_o poland_n 9_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n of_o any_o war_n wherewith_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v threaten_v he_o promise_v if_o require_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o assist_v the_o republic_n with_o 6000_o man_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n 10._o if_o the_o exchange_n of_o any_o one_o of_o his_o hereditary_a country_n in_o lieu_n of_o any_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v more_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o republic_n he_o promise_v to_o consent_v to_o it_o 11._o he_o will_v erect_v a_o academy_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o the_o mathematics_n and_o all_o military_a exercise_n 12._o he_o will_v reform_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o restore_v trade_n to_o which_o purpose_n his_o city_n of_o leipsick_a may_v be_v great_o serviceable_a 13._o the_o frontier_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o man_n keep_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arms._n 14._o the_o republic_n have_v nothing_o but_o good_a to_o expect_v from_o the_o election_n of_o his_o highness_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n will_v certify_v for_o he_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o religion_n these_o condition_n be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o the_o republic_n than_o any_o that_o have_v be_v yet_o make_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o so_o great_a a_o party_n of_o polander_n give_v their_o voice_n for_o the_o elector_n
not_o be_v crown_v and_o that_o the_o austrian_a faction_n oppose_v it_o both_o because_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n bear_v and_o because_o she_o be_v but_o a_o private_a gentlewoman_n but_o the_o event_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o she_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n with_o her_o husband_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n but_o if_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o a_o catholic_n she_o can_v be_v crown_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o helen_n the_o wife_n of_o alexander_n i._o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n the_o republic_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v crown_v though_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n ought_v to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n we_o find_v that_o this_o ceremony_n have_v be_v sometime_o perform_v in_o other_o place_n for_o queen_n cecilia_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1637._o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v the_o next_o year_n that_o the_o queen_n shall_v always_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1670._o it_o be_v true_a this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v the_o king_n must_v desire_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n himself_o conduct_v she_o to_o the_o church_n and_o present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n the_o archbishop_n anoint_v she_o with_o the_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o her_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o her_o left_a the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v no_o officer_n but_o a_o marshal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n neither_o of_o who_o be_v senator_n but_o only_a judge_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v among_o her_o domestic_n they_o answer_v the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n when_o a_o ambassador_n make_v she_o a_o compliment_n in_o his_o master_n name_n or_o when_o a_o present_a be_v make_v to_o she_o at_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o maid_n of_o honour_n the_o king_n furnish_v the_o queen_n with_o money_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o household_n but_o after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o must_v maintain_v herself_o and_o all_o her_o retinue_n with_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n bestow_v upon_o she_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n both_o for_o her_o dowry_n and_o for_o her_o marriage-present_a these_o revenue_n be_v call_v the_o reformation_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o starosty_n which_o she_o can_v enjoy_v till_o they_o become_v vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n so_o that_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v frequent_o keep_v from_o her_o estate_n till_o she_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o leave_v it_o for_o sometime_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o starosty_n that_o be_v in_o her_o reformation_n outlive_v she_o but_o if_o the_o king_n die_v before_o the_o queen_n reformation_n be_v settle_v upon_o she_o the_o republic_n allow_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-land_n as_o they_o do_v to_o queen_n eleanor_n in_o the_o year_n 1674_o after_o the_o election_n of_o king_n john_n for_o they_o be_v so_o king_n to_o that_o princess_n as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 120000_o livre_n by_o a_o express_a article_n which_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o she_o choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o kingdom_n than_o to_o see_v a_o french_a gentlewoman_n succeed_v a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n there_o be_v so_o little_a order_n or_o discipline_n observe_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n that_o the_o country_n be_v frequent_o harass_v by_o those_o who_o be_v pay_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v new_a troop_n every_o year_n at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o city_n in_o poland_n but_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o industrious_a in_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n they_o be_v perpetual_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n who_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o order_n to_o oppose_v these_o invasion_n the_o king_n cause_v castle_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o city_n which_o always_o subsist_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n and_o defend_v by_o good_a officer_n and_o discipline_v soldier_n but_o since_o those_o fort_n be_v neglect_v several_a lord_n have_v endeavour_v to_o usurp_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v extend_v their_o dominion_n over_o the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o burgher_n as_o they_o do_v the_o peasant_n in_o the_o village_n those_o who_o the_o king_n entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o those_o place_n do_v not_o employ_v the_o revenue_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o in_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o fortificatious_a whence_o it_o come_v that_o all_o their_o city_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o into_o winter_n quarter_n may_v go_v out_o when_o they_o please_v and_o ravage_n the_o country_n for_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o other_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o order_v to_o set_v out_o and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v without_o mention_v either_o the_o time_n or_o the_o place_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o march_v or_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o quarter_n so_o that_o he_o may_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o sometime_o spend_v a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n in_o march_v to_o a_o place_n which_o he_o may_v have_v reach_v in_o eight_o day_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o disorderly_a march_n must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o city_n and_o village_n through_o which_o the_o soldier_n pass_v nor_o be_v the_o law_n able_a to_o to_o remedy_v such_o a_o insupportable_a grievance_n because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o establish_v magazine_n and_o storehouse_n in_o any_o place_n the_o gentleman_n who_o go_v to_o the_o army_n spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o magnificent_a arm_n fine_a horse_n and_o rich_a apparel_n maintain_v a_o numerous_a train_n of_o servant_n their_o estate_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v so_o vast_a a_o charge_n and_o beside_o they_o receive_v no_o pay_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n constrain_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o extravagant_a vanity_n some_o who_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o less_o violent_a temper_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v a_o fault_n which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v by_o lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o court_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n bestow_v the_o royal_a gift_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n upon_o the_o courtier_n or_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o either_o have_v no_o need_n of_o they_o or_o do_v not_o deserve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o give_v they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v good_a service_n in_o the_o army_n where_o they_o have_v spend_v their_o estate_n and_o expose_v their_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n other_o accuse_v those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o finance_n who_o make_v they_o wait_v very_o long_o for_o their_o pay_n and_o even_o then_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v part_n of_o it_o that_o they_o may_v procure_v the_o rest_n these_o grievance_n exasperate_v their_o mind_n and_o frequent_o occasion_n great_a complaint_n in_o the_o diet._n when_o they_o levy_v soldier_n in_o foland_n the_o captain_n exact_a contribution_n on_o those_o place_n where_o they_o raise_v their_o man_n and_o give_v very_o little_a to_o the_o soldier_n retain_v the_o money_n they_o receive_v on_o the_o public_a account_n always_o find_v some_o unjust_a pretext_n to_o defraud_v the_o soldier_n of_o their_o pay_n who_o be_v consequent_o under_o a_o strong_a temptation_n to_o rob_v and_o pillage_v the_o country_n the_o officer_n not_o dare_v to_o restrain_v a_o disorder_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o themselves_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o these_o irregularity_n it_o have_v be_v frequent_o propose_v to_o the_o diet_n by_o some_o wise_a and_o consider_v person_n to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n always_o
encamp_v that_o they_o may_v be_v perpetual_o under_o a_o strict_a discipline_n ready_a to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o pillage_n and_o ruine_v the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o expedient_a will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o agreeable_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o people_n who_o can_v with_o less_o trouble_n raise_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o troop_n at_o distance_n than_o maintain_v they_o at_o home_o and_o suffer_v all_o the_o disorder_n which_o they_o commit_v in_o their_o frequent_a march_n through_o the_o country_n this_o remedy_n have_v be_v very_o much_o commend_v by_o some_o but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o soldier_n be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o camp_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o officer_n '_o twon_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n too_o powerful_a thus_o the_o soldier_n continue_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o harrass_n the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o redress_n i_o intimate_v before_o that_o the_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o little_a order_n that_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a army_n almost_o every_o year_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v their_o soldier_n which_o be_v neither_o every_o week_n nor_o every_o month_n nor_o every_o six_o month_n and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a fault_n because_o it_o keep_v they_o under_o a_o perpetual_a temptation_n to_o desert_n for_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o army_n they_o live_v upon_o colewore_n root_n fruit_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o horseflesh_n when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o castom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v ammunition-bread_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n be_v force_v to_o let_v the_o soldier_n shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v starve_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o must_v raise_v a_o new_a army_n every_o year_n they_o pay_v the_o officer_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o frequent_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o for_o that_o end_n they_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o meet_v at_o some_o place_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n because_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o meeting_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n though_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o diet_n regulate_v the_o payment_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o usual_o make_v some_o abatement_n especial_o to_o stranger_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v absolute_o blame_v for_o abridge_n the_o pay_n of_o the_o officer_n because_o they_o hardly_o lie_v out_o any_o money_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o their_o company_n whereas_o the_o commissioner_n make_v up_o their_o account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entertain_v their_o soldier_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o polish_v service_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o wait_v some_o time_n for_o their_o mony_n the_o army_n be_v usual_o pay_v but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o the_o republic_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o then_o which_o occasion_n a_o universal_a murmur_a among_o the_o soldier_n and_o oblige_v they_o sometime_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n after_o the_o officer_n have_v long_o complain_v of_o the_o retain_v of_o their_o pay_n and_o have_v remonstrate_v to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o subsist_v without_o it_o and_o after_o they_o perceive_v that_o their_o complaint_n and_o remonstrance_n be_v neglect_v they_o assemble_v together_o and_o make_v a_o rokoâ—z_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o separation_n from_o their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n thus_o assemble_v choose_v two_o of_o their_o number_n one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o licutenant_n to_o these_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v substitute_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o oblige_v the_o republic_n to_o pay_v they_o after_o which_o the_o marshal_n command_v this_o confederate_a army_n as_o if_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o general_n of_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o consider_v person_n that_o such_o a_o revolt_n must_v be_v attend_v with_o terrible_a consequenees_n for_o then_o the_o army_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n or_o guard_v the_o frontier_n harass_n the_o country_n and_o with_o a_o unbridled_a liberty_n overruns_a the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobleman_n make_v necessity_n the_o prtext_n of_o all_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v the_o danger_n of_o these_o confederacy_n will_v appear_v if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n of_o which_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o borzecki_n substitute_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_v by_o want_n of_o pay_n as_o by_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v by_o some_o person_n who_o hope_v to_o enrich_v themselves_o during_o the_o general_n disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n at_o leopold_n by_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o army_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o hold_v meeting_n make_v harangue_n raise_v sedition_n or_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o death_n and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v join_v the_o confederate_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o office_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v another_o defect_n in_o poland_n concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v give_v for_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o displace_v a_o general_n who_o he_o have_v once_o advance_v though_o he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o confer_v this_o dignity_n upon_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v perfect_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o war._n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a then_o that_o poland_n shall_v suffer_v some_o loss_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o let_v slip_v several_a opportunity_n of_o weaken_v their_o enemy_n for_o they_o have_v more_o need_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o a_o active_a and_o experience_a general_n who_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v the_o soldier_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o in_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n nor_o subsistance_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o will_v never_o engage_v his_o troop_n in_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v easy_o make_v good_a his_o retreat_n nor_o ever_o neglect_v a_o advantageous_a occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n to_o his_o enemy_n and_o especial_o one_o who_o know_v that_o a_o numerous_a army_n ought_v not_o to_o engage_v with_o a_o small_a one_o in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v beat_v a_o formidable_a army_n as_o it_o appear_v for_o example_n by_o the_o instance_n of_o marshal_n lubomirski_n who_o defeat_v the_o vanguard_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n army_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o montroi_n and_o of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n who_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o army_n of_o king_n casimir_n iii_o defeat_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o king_n casimir_n troop_n can_v not_o extend_v themselves_o nor_o put_v themselves_o in_o battalion_n if_o therefore_o the_o polander_n have_v experience_v general_n they_o may_v one_o day_n destroy_v all_o the_o ottoman_a infantry_n for_o which_o they_o have_v have_v several_a fair_a opportunity_n they_o may_v regain_v all_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o even_o extend_v their_o conquest_n far_o but_o to_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n the_o office_n of_o general_n of_o the_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v for_o life_n but_o only_o to_o person_n of_o merry_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o more_o animate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o officer_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o high_a preferment_n and_o there_o be_v more_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o honour_n when_o they_o may_v attain_v it_o by_o their_o own_o merit_n without_o expect_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o possess_v it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o heretofore_o this_o office_n be_v not_o give_v for_o life_n in_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o john_n tarnowski_n be_v the_o first_o who_o king_n sigismond_n make_v perpetual_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o aâ—serwards_o nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n in_o lithuania_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n another_o disorder_n among_o the_o officer_n viz._n