Selected quad for the lemma: money_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
money_n	france_n	pair_n	sterling_a	122	4	16.1989	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57390	The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.	Roberts, Lewes, 1596-1640.; Mun, Thomas, 1571-1641. England's benefit and advantage by foreign-trade.; Marius, John. Advice concerning bills of exchange.	1700 (1700)	Wing R1601_PARTIAL; Wing M608_PARTIAL; ESTC R1436	687,097	516

rate_n of_o so_o many_o shilling_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n flemish_a money_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n be_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a to_o pay_v so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n hamburgh_n money_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a which_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o flemish_a money_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n for_o paris_n and_o roven_n be_v value_v on_o the_o french_a crown_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o french_a crown_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o venice_n be_v make_v on_o the_o ducat_n so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o ducat_n and_o the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o legorn_n be_v make_v on_o the_o dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o dollar_n and_o these_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n at_o london_n at_o present_a the_o pair_n of_o several_a country_n the_o pair_n at_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleburgh_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n with_o our_o pound_n sterling_a be_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n to_o a_o pound_n sterling_a which_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n do_v make_v 10_o gilder_n at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a the_o gilder_n or_o 10_o livre_n tournois_n pair_n at_o france_n the_o pair_n at_o paris_n roven_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 71_o sou_n the_o crown_n or_o 6_o s._n sterling_a the_o french_a crown_n of_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n which_o 3_o livre_n make_v 6_o s._n sterling_a every_o livre_fw-fr at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a and_o every_o 10_o sou_n french_a reckon_v at_o 12_o d._n sterling_a pair_n at_o legorn_n the_o pair_n at_o legorn_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n or_o 54_o d._n per_fw-la dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o pair_n at_o venice_n the_o pair_n at_o venice_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 6_o livre_n and_o 4_o sou_n of_o venice_n per_fw-la ducat_n or_o 4_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 51_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la ducat_n pair_n between_o antwerp_n and_o paris_n or_o any_o part_n of_o france_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o 60_o sou_n or_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o france_n be_v worth_a 89_o 31_o 67_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tournois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n so_o that_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a be_v the_o pair_n in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n you_o may_v present_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v loss_n or_o gain_n by_o any_o parcel_n do_v by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v between_o any_o other_o two_o place_n have_v first_o find_v out_o the_o pair_n or_o equalize_v the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o know_v at_o what_o price_n the_o exchange_n than_o go_v the_o loss_n or_o gain_n will_v soon_o appear_v but_o this_o pair_n be_v ground_v principal_o upon_o the_o currant_n value_v of_o coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhancement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o be_v subject_a to_o change_v as_o experience_n do_v show_v hamburgh_n pair_n twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o hamburgh_n at_o pair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v four_o rixdollar_n which_o make_v flemish_a 33_o s._n 4_o d._n receive_v your_o money_n before_o you_o part_n with_o your_o bill_n by_o assignment_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n elsewhere_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n come_v for_o the_o money_n to_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o demand_v payment_n thereof_o and_o he_o write_v he_o a_o note_n to_o go_v to_o a_o goldsmith_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o there_o order_v the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o that_o he_o give_v he_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n due_a upon_o another_o man_n and_o set_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o leave_v some_o space_n above_o his_o name_n to_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o money_n as_o be_v usual_a i_o will_v advise_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n to_o keep_v his_o bill_n i_o mean_v the_o first_o mention_v bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n by_o assignment_n as_o above_o and_o then_o he_o may_v either_o leave_v his_o bill_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n or_o else_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o bill_n back_o to_o the_o party_n that_o give_v he_o the_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v order_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o part_v with_o the_o first-mentioned_n bill_n and_o to_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v actual_o possess_v of_o his_o money_n i_o know_v the_o contrary_n be_v sometime_o practise_v namely_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o note_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o then_o here_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o at_o the_o time_n upon_o such_o note_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o hinder_v from_o protest_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v deliver_v up_o as_o satisfy_v and_o so_o whereas_o i_o before_o have_v both_o the_o drawer_n and_o accep_n or_o bind_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o endorser_n also_o i_o have_v now_o only_o the_o acceptor_n upon_o his_o single-soled_a note_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o acceptor_n or_o party_n on_o who_o my_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o case_n of_o assignment_n will_v not_o trust_v i_o with_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o to_o go_v to_o receive_v my_o money_n i_o have_v less_o reason_n to_o trust_v he_o with_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o i_o have_v my_o money_n for_o shall_v i_o receive_v my_o money_n upon_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o not_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o i_o be_o a_o solvable_a man_n and_o of_o know_a residence_n his_o bill_n will_v do_v i_o little_a good_a for_o the_o payment_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o note_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v up_o my_o bill_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o have_v not_o my_o money_n i_o must_v rest_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o my_o money_n and_o dance_v after_o his_o pipe_n which_o i_o hold_v not_o convenient_a only_o i_o concieve_v it_o good_a for_o the_o party_n that_o make_v such_o a_o note_n to_o mention_v in_o it_o the_o party_n name_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o take_v up_o that_o note_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n but_o suppose_v i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o not_o mention_v in_o it_o to_o take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v this_o note_n receive_v the_o money_n assign_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o he_o have_v on_o i_o to_o another_o man_n and_o play_v the_o knave_n and_o absent_v himself_o can_v this_o other_o man_n sue_v i_o for_o the_o money_n on_o my_o accept_a bill_n i_o answer_v he_o can_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o know_v the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n and_o mention_v in_o my_o note_n that_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n the_o goldsmith_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o that_o note_n but_o now_o if_o he_o give_v i_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v my_o money_n by_o and_o i_o go_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o he_o do_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a i_o ought_v

3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o

merchant_n and_o so_o his_o credit_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o any_o dilemma_n or_o demur_n in_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o letter_n as_o for_o the_o plain_a meaning_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o merchant_n himself_o to_o be_v responsible_a for_o the_o same_o that_o the_o merchant_n do_v mention_n or_o recite_v something_o or_o other_o particular_o which_o have_v happen_v in_o some_o former_a affair_n or_o deal_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o depend_v between_o they_o or_o at_o least_o the_o date_n of_o his_o last_o letter_n now_o in_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n he_o that_o write_v it_o make_v use_v of_o his_o credit_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o concern_v in_o his_o way_n of_o trade_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o his_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o repay_v what_o shall_v be_v so_o furnish_v but_o in_o the_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n he_o who_o write_v the_o letter_n do_v it_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n himself_o or_o to_o be_v employ_v for_o his_o own_o use_n but_o for_o the_o use_n and_o accommodation_n of_o some_o other_o man_n at_o who_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a and_o do_v write_v his_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o ordinary_a for_o he_o at_o who_o entreaty_n the_o letter_n be_v write_v at_o the_o writing_n and_o upon_o receipt_n thereof_o to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n or_o otherwise_o to_o the_o merchant_n that_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o repayment_n to_o he_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v of_o all_o such_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v receive_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n for_o the_o merchant_n by_o his_o letter_n stand_v sufficient_o bind_v to_o his_o correspondent_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o he_o for_o who_o the_o letter_n be_v grant_v shall_v give_v as_o it_o be_v his_o counterbond_n for_o repayment_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v for_o monies_n take_v up_o by_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v run_v in_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o several_a towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o treatise_n as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n in_o regard_n each_o man_n know_v best_a his_o own_o occasion_n induce_v he_o thereunto_o whereof_o the_o letter_n must_v chief_o consist_v i_o shall_v wave_v it_o and_o only_o set_v down_o the_o form_n of_o a_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n which_o may_v be_v as_o follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 29._o of_o february_n 1654._o mr._n william_n m._n sir_n my_o last_o to_o you_o be_v of_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n wherein_o i_o write_v you_o what_o needful_a in_o answer_n to_o you_o of_o the_o 7_o of_o the_o same_o month_n this_o serve_v chief_o to_o desire_v you_o to_o furnish_v and_o pay_v to_o mr._n john_n g._n english_a gentleman_n to_o the_o value_n of_o two_o thousand_o crown_n at_o one_o or_o more_o time_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n and_o desire_v the_o same_o of_o you_o take_v his_o receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n which_o you_o shall_v so_o furnish_v he_o with_o and_o put_v it_o to_o my_o account_n and_o this_o my_o letter_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o so_o do_v vale._n you_o thomas_n p._n to_o mr._n william_n m._n merchant_n at_o paris_n such_o a_o letter_n as_o this_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v open_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o then_o the_o merchant_n that_o write_v this_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v usual_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o or_o by_o his_o next_o letter_n which_o he_o shall_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v who_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o take_v receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o must_v send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o he_o to_o demand_v payment_n thereupon_o of_o those_o that_o of_o right_n shall_v appertain_v according_a to_o reason_n put_v bill_n in_o letter-case_n or_o almanac_n in_o regard_n bill_n of_o exchange_n though_o of_o great_a concern_v be_v ordinary_o write_v upon_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n about_o 3_o or_o four_o finger_n broad_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v especial_o if_o you_o carry_v they_o loose_v about_o you_o therefore_o i_o will_v advise_v you_o for_o prevention_n to_o keep_v a_o letter-case_n or_o which_o be_v better_o a_o pocket-almanack_n or_o small_a pocket_n paper-book_n with_o clasp_n and_o put_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n therein_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v clean_a and_o whole_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v how_o to_o bring_v french_a crown_n into_o sterling_a mony_n if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n send_v you_o from_o france_n the_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o london_n and_o your_o bill_n be_v remit_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o crown_n at_o such_o or_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o know_v how_o much_o you_o must_v receive_v here_o in_o sterling_a money_n you_o must_v first_o bring_v your_o french_a crown_n into_o penny_n sterling_a at_o the_o price_n or_o rate_n set_v down_o in_o your_o bill_n and_o then_o bring_v your_o penny_n into_o pound_n and_o you_o have_v your_o desire_n as_o for_o example_n if_o your_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v 250_o crown_n at_o 56¼_n d._n per_fw-la crown_n first_o multiply_v the_o 250_o crown_n by_o 56_o d._n this_o make_v 14000_o penny_n whereunto_o add_v for_o the_o ¼_n 62½_n penny_n because_o 62½_n be_v the_o ¼_n part_n of_o 250_o and_o it_o will_v make_v 14062½_n sterling_a and_o divide_v the_o 14062_o by_o 240_o d._n because_o 240_o d._n make_v a_o pound_n sterling_a and_o it_o will_v produce_v 58_o pound_n sterling_a and_o there_o will_v remain_v 142_o penny_n which_o divide_v by_o 12_o d._n will_v make_v 11_o shilling_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v 10_o d._n then_o add_v the_o ½_n d._n remain_v of_o your_o multiplication_n and_o the_o total_a be_v 58_o 11_o 10½_n as_o for_o example_n thus_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n you_o may_v reduce_v ducat_n dollar_n and_o piece_n of_o eight_o into_o sterling_a money_n when_o you_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n sterling_a the_o ducat_n dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o for_o the_o exchange_n thereof_o but_o because_o this_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o arithmetic_n whereof_o divers_a able_a man_n have_v already_o publish_v several_a treatise_n in_o french_a and_o dutch_a and_o also_o in_o english_a some_z whereof_z have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o proceed_v any_o further_a herein_o it_o suffice_v that_o what_o i_o have_v in_o this_o treatise_n declare_v be_v warrantable_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o enough_o to_o guide_v any_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o what_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v publish_v by_o any_o which_o i_o will_v aver_v and_o justify_v direction_n concern_v the_o two_o ensue_a table_n the_o first_o table_n be_v for_o any_o year_n except_o leap-year_n the_o second_o table_n be_v for_o leap-year_n only_o which_o happen_v every_o four_o year_n as_o namely_o anno_fw-la 1700_o 1704_o 1708_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o either_o of_o these_o table_n i_o have_v put_v the_o new_a style_n or_o the_o roman_a account_n of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a account_n and_o i_o have_v place_v the_o english_a account_n or_o old_a style_n in_o the_o second_o column_n and_o so_o again_o the_o new_a style_n in_o the_o three_o column_n and_o our_o english_a style_n in_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o the_o left-hand_a to_o the_o right_n every_o odd_a column_n which_o have_v the_o month_n name_v at_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v the_o new_a style_n account_n and_o every_o second_o or_o even_a column_n which_o have_v not_o the_o month_n write_v at_o the_o top_n be_v the_o old_a style_n account_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v because_o the_o month_n begin_v just_a ten_o day_n after_o they_o be_v begin_v by_o the_o new_a account_n and_o in_o both_o these_o table_n i_o have_v exact_o count_v day_n for_o day_n and_o set_v they_o side_n by_o side_n upon_o a_o equal_a and_o strait_a line_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n from_o new_a style_n to_o old_a style_n for_o every_o day_n in_o the_o year_n leap-year_n contain_v 366_o day_n and_o the_o ordinary_a year_n 365_o day_n each_o style_n agree_v with_o the_o

11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o lion_n 11_o 3½_n another_o piece_n with_o a_o castle_n 11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o pillar_n and_o a_o castle_n 11_o 3_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n of_o earl_n of_o swarborrow_n 11_o 4_o a_o spanish_a ryal_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o spanish_a ryal_n 9_o  _fw-fr other_o foreign_a coin_n a_o french_a testoon_n with_o 3_o flower-de-luce_n and_o 2_o h._n with_o crown_n over_o they_o and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 15½_n another_o testoon_n with_o a_o flower-de-luce_n and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 2_o another_o testoon_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o h._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o a_o face_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 1_o a_o french_a piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v a_o half_a crown_n with_o a_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o arm_n with_o 2_o lion_n 6_o flower-de-luces_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n crown_v and_o 2_o e._n on_o either_o side_n the_o arm_n date_v 1682._o 10_o  _fw-fr also_o new_a french_a money_n with_o three_o flower-de-luces_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n and_o a_o cross_n with_o flower-de-luces_n on_o the_o end_n 10_o 18_o a_o french_a soul_n 3_o 5½_n a_o piece_n of_o portugal_n money_n be_v a_o crusade_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o other_o 11_o 1_o plate_n make_v in_o lion_n in_o france_n mark_v with_o a_o lion_n head_n 11_o 4_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 2_o a_o mustecego_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o marsello_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o bagatin_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 12_o a_o piece_n of_o bologna_n money_n 9_o 16_o a_o piece_n of_o french_a money_n call_v a_o florin_n 11_o 2_o a_o penny_n of_o france_n 4_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o france_n 10_o 16_o a_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 7_o 15_o another_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 8_o  _fw-fr other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 4_o 18_o other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 3_o 4_o a_o snaphen_n of_o cleve_n 7_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o deventer_n 8_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o campen_n 8⅓_n  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o milan_n 11_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o ravenna_n 11_o 10_o a_o slaper_n of_o ferrara_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o sien_n 10_o 2_o a_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 7_o 5_o a_o cornebot_n of_o monferrat_n 6_o 6_o another_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 11_o 8_o a_o slaper_n of_o bourn_n 11_o 0_o a_o slaper_n of_o portugal_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o foboria_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o baden_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o wirtenberg_n 10_o 16_o a_o slaper_n of_o lorain_n 10_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o savoy_n 7_o 12_o a_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n 5_o 6_o a_o slaper_n of_o salusen_n 6_o 10_o another_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr a_o cornbot_n of_o salusen_n 7_o 4_o a_o slaper_n of_o three_o alonson_n 6_o 6_o targe_n of_o piedmont_n 6_o 10_o stick_n of_o salen_n 6_o 6_o of_o old_a english_a money_n and_o edward_n pence_n of_o 20_o to_o the_o ounce_n civitas_n london_n 11_o 2_o civitas_n chester_n 10_o 17½_n civitas_n kingston_n 10_o 18_o villa_n st._n edmondsbury_n 10_o 13_o civitas_n barwick_n 10_o 18_o civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o 1½_n civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o  _fw-fr civitas_n canterbury_n 10_o 18_o canterbury_n civitas_n 11_o 1_o henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2½_n henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2_o a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n 3d._n 10_o 19¼_n a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n four_o 10_o 19½_n a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 10_o 18¼_n a_o old_a henry_n groat_n with_o a_o long_a face_n and_o long_a hair_n 10_o 19¼_n a_o gun-hole_n groat_n hen._n 8_o 9_o  _fw-fr the_o first_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 8_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 6_o  _fw-fr a_o sixpence_n of_o king_n edw._n 6_o 10_o 19½_n a_o sixpence_n of_o p._n and_o mary_n 10_o 18_o a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 11_o 1½_n the_o first_o harp_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 4_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o harp_n groat_n 6_o 19_o a_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 5_o 19_o a_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 1½_n another_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 16_o a_o penny_n of_o genoa_n 10_o 3_o carolus_n of_o burgundy_n 10_o  _fw-fr money_n of_o anglesey_n 6_o  _fw-fr a_o penny_n of_o camarien_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o groat_n of_o poland_n 9_o  _fw-fr of_o the_o carot_n weight_n use_v only_o for_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n this_o be_v a_o weight_n bring_v from_o the_o venetian_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o indian_n or_o moor_n call_v mangear_n or_o fanan_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o this_o call_v a_o carot-weight_n whereof_o 150_o carot_n in_o weight_n do_v make_v one_o ounce_n troy_n this_o carot_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 64_o carot_n 32_o carot_n 16_o carot_n 8_o carot_n 4_o carot_n 2_o carot_n 1_o carot_n ½_n carot_n ¼_n carot_n ●_o carot_n ●_o carot_n the_o weight_n use_v in_o india_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n by_o be_v call_v mangeluy_fw-fr or_o mangear_n about_o 5_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o weigh_v two_o tarr_n ⅓_n which_o be_v ⅔_n part_n of_o 1_o carot_n be_v 4_o grain_n and_o 4_o tarr_n weight_n a_o fanan_n which_o be_v also_o a_o weight_n somewhat_o above_o 2_o of_o our_o carot_n for_o 11_o fanans_n and_o ¼_n be_v one_o mitigal_a and_o 6_o mitigal_n and_o ½_n do_v make_v 1_o ounce_n a_o fanan_n also_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o money_n which_o be_v in_o value_n 1_o ryal_n of_o spain_n now_o follow_v the_o rule_n in_o proportion_n how_o to_o value_v the_o true_a rate_n of_o a_o diamond_n or_o any_o other_o stone_n valuable_a as_o merchant_n of_o skill_n do_v use_v to_o value_v they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o diamond_n be_v as_o chief_a of_o all_o precious_a stone_n be_v sell_v by_o weight_n from_o merchant_n to_o merchant_n call_v by_o the_o english_a german_a and_o venetian_a a_o carot_n weight_n as_o before_o be_v rehearse_v the_o diamond_n have_v a_o very_a certain_a thickness_n whereby_o it_o be_v certain_o wrought_v out_o and_o polish_v upon_o the_o mill_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v too_o thick_a nor_o too_o thin_a for_o than_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v his_o tent_n but_o must_v have_v his_o just_a proportion_n of_o thickness_n to_o bear_v his_o tent_n or_o else_o to_o be_v set_v on_o velvet_n as_o a_o thin_a stone_n the_o proportion_n be_v that_o the_o two_o square_n on_o the_o side_n must_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v no_o broad_a than_o that_o three_o of_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o will_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o in_o depth_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o the_o square_n call_v bizils_n must_v stand_v close_o with_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ring_n or_o collet_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v be_v of_o the_o whole_a depth_n and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o square_a and_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o that_o it_o may_v be_v guert_v which_o be_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n thereof_o also_o it_o must_v be_v without_o any_o fault_n both_o in_o corner_n or_o side_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n sharp_a and_o clean_o cut_v without_o any_o naytness_n and_o of_o a_o good_a water-crystalline_a and_o shine_v clear_a not_o yellow_a or_o brown_a bluish_a or_o blackish_a but_o clear_a and_o clean_o in_o all_o perfection_n then_o we_o may_v say_v a_o diamond_n thus_o perfect_a weigh_v one_o carot_n be_v worth_a 50_o ducat_n but_o now_o much_o alter_v from_o that_o value_n to_o double_v the_o same_o as_o a_o diamond_n of_o that_o perfection_n before_o speak_v of_o weigh_v 1_o carot_n be_v worth_a 30_o 35_o or_o 40_o lib._n sterling_n but_o a_o diamond_n not_o so_o perfect_a though_o a_o good_a stone_n clean_o and_o want_v a_o corner_n be_v in_o estimation_n less_o worth_a by_o 10_o ducat_n or_o according_a to_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o buyer_n note_v also_o that_o some_o diamond_n be_v not_o worth_a pass_v 34_o 35_o or_o 36_o dollar_n a_o carot_n which_o be_v likewise_o buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o humour_n lead_v he_o but_o when_o you_o will_v value_v a_o diamond_n you_o must_v look_v effectual_o of_o what_o water_n and_o fashion_v it_o be_v as_o the_o best_a proportion_n be_v either_o the_o square_a table_n or_o point_a then_o if_o it_o have_v all_o his_o depth_n call_v in_o art_n full-ground_n which_o be_v soon_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n unset_v and_o easy_o discern_v in_o one_o set_v in_o a_o ring_n or_o jewel_n for_o be_v a_o full-ground_n stone_n it_o stand_v upon_o his_o

allowance_n to_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v true_o see_v practise_v where_o a_o course_n of_o quiet_a traffic_n be_v settle_v between_o two_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n continue_v in_o amity_n and_o firm_a peace_n together_o but_o where_o prince_n either_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o war_n or_o accidental_a great_a disbursement_n have_v occasion_n or_o do_v use_v to_o inhanse_v the_o current_a rate_n of_o their_o money_n in_o their_o payment_n or_o decry_v they_o in_o the_o receipt_n and_o that_o money_n by_o that_o either_o casual_a or_o constant_a course_n become_v either_o more_o plentiful_a or_o more_o scarce_o than_o ordinary_a than_o these_o rule_n of_o parity_n hold_v not_o so_o just_o prince_n the_o exchanger_n rectifi_v the_o disorder_n of_o mint_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o prince_n yet_o ever_o so_o as_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o 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with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n of_o our_o pound_n sterling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n germany_n low-countries_n eastland_n and_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o we_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o imaginary_a or_o real_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_n and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o be_v call_v by_o exchanger_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o parr_n the_o which_o shall_v in_o all_o exchange_n be_v so_o particular_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o as_o money_n be_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n between_o man_n and_o man_n so_o shall_v exchange_n thus_o make_v for_o these_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n for_o all_o commodity_n either_o buy_v or_o sell_v which_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v a_o certainty_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o parr_n aforesaid_a admit_v nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o advantage_n upon_o the_o farne_n upon_o good_a ground_n and_o just_a occasion_n on_o either_o side_n exchanger_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n but_o as_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o this_o day_n see_v to_o be_v at_o the_o only_a and_o sole_a disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n and_o merchant_n and_o that_o the_o same_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o predominancy_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v observe_v especial_o beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o ought_v they_o careful_o and_o circumspect_o to_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o look_v upon_o the_o present_a object_n which_o be_v to_o know_v how_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o deal_v therewith_o but_o also_o true_o to_o consider_v the_o reality_n of_o this_o parr_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o it_o self_n real_o find_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v both_o here_o in_o england_n and_o abroad_o elsewhere_o beyond_o sea_n that_o those_o who_o altogether_o do_v practice_v this_o exchange_v and_o deal_v for_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v this_o observation_n therein_o for_o they_o be_v exchanger_n indeed_o know_v perfect_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n both_o of_o our_o english_a and_o of_o foreign_a coin_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o together_o make_v thereby_o to_o themselves_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o parr_n aforesaid_a wherein_o they_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o the_o current_a valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o be_v inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a nor_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n go_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o place_n current_a above_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v which_o the_o merchant_n ought_v considerate_o to_o learn_v and_o distinguish_v and_o conclude_v here_o all_o further_a observation_n and_o circumstance_n practise_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n among_o merchant_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o what_o be_v here_o purposely_o omit_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o i_o have_v insert_v what_o i_o have_v conceive_v to_o be_v further_a needful_a hereunto_o the_o office_n of_o garble_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o do_v first_o give_v the_o office_n of_o garble_v all_o

a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_v where_o 500_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v safe_o anchor_v from_o all_o but_o south_n and_o westerly_a wind_n which_o very_o seldom_o in_o these_o part_n happen_v for_o the_o wind_n here_o general_o blow_v from_o east_n northerly_a and_o southerly_a wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o east-part_n of_o the_o island_n the_o windward_n and_o the_o west-part_n the_o leeward_n here_o lie_v also_o the_o chief_a town_n for_o trade_n former_o call_v the_o bridge_n but_o now_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v two_o fort_n and_o a_o platform_n between_o they_o answer_v each_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o command_v of_o the_o road._n the_o first_o and_o chief_a fort_n be_v call_v charles_n fort_n stand_v on_o needham_n point_n and_o lie_v out_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o windward_n of_o the_o bay_n and_o town_n so_o that_o a_o enemy_n keep_v out_o of_o command_n of_o this_o fort_n can_v probable_o come_v in_o to_o do_v the_o ship_n or_o town_n any_o injury_n for_o that_o they_o must_v come_v full_a in_o or_o against_o the_o wind._n this_o fort_n be_v build_v strong_a with_o stone_n and_o lime_n and_o have_v 17_o great_a gun_n and_o capable_a of_o more_o be_v sufficient_o garrison_v and_o command_v by_o a_o captain_n the_o platform_n join_v to_o the_o windward_n part_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o 15_o great_a gun_n and_o the_o other_o fort_n lie_v and_o join_v to_o the_o leeward_n part_n of_o the_o town_n the_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o 25_o great_a gun_n the_o town_n consist_v of_o several_a street_n and_o lane_n be_v about_o 30_o chain_n in_o length_n and_o 15_o in_o breadth_n and_o have_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n most_o of_o they_o be_v board_v on_o the_o outside_n some_o of_o they_o plaster_v and_o many_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a be_v build_v with_o stone_n and_o with_o brick_n the_o second_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v charles_n town_n situate_v on_o oysten_n bay_n and_o lie_v about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o windward_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v also_o two_o fort_n and_o one_o platform_n the_o two_o fort_n stand_v to_o windward_n and_o leeward_n of_o the_o town_n and_o road_n and_o the_o platform_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o although_o this_o town_n be_v not_o a_o place_n of_o much_o resort_n for_o ship_v yet_o be_v there_o many_o considerable_a storehouse_n for_o trade_n the_o three_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v st._n james_n but_o former_o the_o holl_n and_o be_v about_o two_o league_n to_o leeward_n of_o st._n michael_n have_v only_o one_o platform_n be_v otherwise_o well_o fortify_v with_o brest-work_n and_o although_o few_o ship_n come_v to_o ride_v here_o yet_o in_o this_o town_n be_v maintain_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n adjacent_a the_o four_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v spieght_n bay_n but_o now_o little_a bristol_n which_o lie_v about_o 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from_o hence_o on_o which_o continent_n the_o english_a have_v a_o colony_n plant_v within_o the_o river_n serenam_fw-la this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o 11_o parish_n and_o have_v 14_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o be_v subdivide_v into_o divers_a plantation_n some_o small_a and_o other_o great_a where_o be_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o other_o board_v and_o plaster_v the_o which_o general_o be_v pleasant_a habitation_n and_o delightful_o situate_v some_o have_v prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v english_a scotch_a and_o irish_a and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a nation_n who_o former_o live_v here_o a_o time_n of_o servitude_n and_o now_o dwell_v as_o freeman_n some_o by_o their_o trade_n and_o other_o on_o plantation_n and_o some_o few_o jew_n live_v here_o and_o trade_n also_o as_o merchant_n they_o have_v obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v beside_o mallatoes_n and_o negro_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v and_o account_v for_o slave_n the_o number_n of_o which_o some_o few_o year_n since_o upon_o search_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 60000_o person_n viz._n 40000_o whites_n and_o 20000_o black_n the_o stand_a militia_n of_o this_o island_n that_o be_v always_o ready_a on_o all_o occasion_n to_o meet_v together_o and_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v often_o and_o well_o discipline_v consist_v of_o two_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o five_o regiment_n of_o foot_n wherein_o several_a company_n have_v near_o 200_o in_o a_o company_n and_o more_o than_o 100_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n the_o government_n be_v not_o contrary_a but_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n only_o some_o particular_a law_n be_v make_v proper_a for_o this_o place_n by_o the_o governor_n or_o deputy_n and_o his_o council_n which_o usual_o be_v seven_o in_o number_n and_o a_o assembly_n that_o consist_v of_o 22_o person_n choose_v by_o the_o 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sterling_a the_o shilling_n sixpence_n and_o threepence_n of_o new-england_n coin_n to_o pass_v here_o at_o that_o value_n provide_v the_o say_v several_a coin_n have_v their_o just_a due_a and_o weight_n pureness_n allay_n and_o fineness_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v in_o payment_n be_v piece_n of_o eight_o of_o peru_n which_o be_v as_o current_n and_o go_v at_o the_o same_o value_n as_o sevil_n or_o mexico_n which_o will_v produce_v this_o bad_a effect_n that_o money_n sterling_n and_o coin_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n will_v not_o be_v import_v and_o these_o sort_n which_o be_v already_o here_o will_v either_o be_v hoard_v up_o or_o transport_v and_o that_o because_o the_o base_a money_n of_o peru_n be_v here_o hold_v in_o equal_a value_n with_o mexico_n etc._n etc._n who_o real_a value_n be_v from_o 4_o s._n 4_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o the_o peru_n from_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o 3_o

the_o five_o arguer_n the_o six_o be_v alcase_a near_o to_o which_o the_o three_o king_n sebastian_z of_o portugal_n mahomet_n of_o fez_n and_o abdelmelech_n of_o morocco_n competitor_n for_o this_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o day_n together_o with_o many_o other_o of_o eminent_a quality_n and_o stuckley_n that_o famous_a infamous_a english_a rebel_n in_o an._n 1578._o and_o seven_o fez_n the_o metropolis_n which_o for_o its_o greatness_n merit_v a_o more_o serious_a consideration_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o city_n fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o city_n of_o fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o fez_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n as_o writer_n record_v that_o be_v find_v in_o dig_v the_o foundation_n thereof_o it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o goodly_a building_n both_o public_a and_o private_a it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n sabu_n into_o three_o part_n contain_v in_o all_o 82000_o household_n have_v 700_o mosch_n 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england_n do_v build_v that_o sumptuous_a chapel_n in_o westminster_n which_o as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v do_v in_o those_o day_n co●_n 7448_o l._n and_o let_v it_o be_v judge_v by_o artist_n how_o much_o more_o will_v build_v the_o fellow_n of_o it_o in_o these_o our_o day_n they_o have_v also_o here_o for_o the_o commodity_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o citizen_n 600_o conduit_n from_o whence_o almost_o every_o house_n be_v serve_v with_o water_n beside_o what_o go_v to_o their_o religious_a use_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o their_o temple_n and_o mosch_n but_o i_o have_v stay_v too_o long_o in_o survey_v this_o city_n i_o will_v now_o see_v what_o commodity_n and_o merchandise_n this_o kingdom_n afford_v fez_n commodity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n the_o commodity_n find_v in_o general_a as_o well_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n as_o of_o morocco_n and_o find_v transportable_a for_o merchandise_n be_v fruit_n of_o all_o kind_n such_o as_o be_v principal_o of_o date_n almond_n fig_n raisin_n olive_n also_o honey_n wax_n gold_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o hide_n and_o skin_n especial_o that_o excellent_a sort_n of_o cordovant_n from_o this_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n call_v maroquins_n famous_v throughout_o spain_n france_n and_o italy_n also_o corn_n horse_n wool_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v observe_v of_o late_a day_n to_o make_v some_o cloth_n here_o be_v find_v also_o for_o merchandise_n fabricate_v here_o some_o sort_n of_o stuff_n of_o silk_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o linen_n much_o in_o use_n in_o this_o country_n make_v partly_o of_o cotton_n and_o partly_o of_o flax_n and_o divers_a other_o commodity_n morocco_n money_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o general_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n be_v the_o xeriff_n or_o ducat_n in_o gold_n derive_v the_o name_n thereof_o from_o the_o xeriff_n who_o within_o these_o few_o year_n make_v conquest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n under_o 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common_a money_n here_o current_a be_v call_v the_o pardaus_n xeraphin_n coin_v here_o and_o worth_a 300_o res_n of_o portugal_n and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o teston_n which_o be_v english_a money_n about_o four_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a one_o pardon_n be_v five_o tanga_n which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o be_v in_o both_o sort_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o use_n as_o account_v five_o tanga_n bad_a money_n be_v the_o same_o in_o worth_a as_o four_o tanga_n of_o good_a money_n one_o tanga_n be_v worth_a four_o good_a ventins_n and_o five_o bad_a ventins_n a_o coin_n also_o imaginary_a and_o not_o real_a and_o be_v worth_a seventy_o five_o basaruco_n a_o vintin_n be_v worth_a 15_o bad_a basaruco_n and_o 18_o good_a basaruco_n which_o be_v the_o low_a and_o small_a coin_n here_o in_o use_n tree_n basaruco_n be_v worth_a two_o res_fw-la of_o portugal_n money_n and_o by_o this_o account_n the_o pardu_fw-fr sheraphin_n be_v worth_a 375_o basaruco_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o proper_a coin_n of_o goa_n the_o other_o here_o current_n be_v the_o persia_n larin_n a_o coin_n of_o very_o fine_a silver_n and_o worth_a 110_o basaruco_n the_o pagode_n of_o gold_n worth_a about_o 10_o tanga_n be_v 8_o s._n sterling_a the_o venetiander_n of_o gold_n worth_a 2_o pardaus_n sheraphin_n the_o st_n thomas_n of_o gold_n worth_a 8_o tanga_n the_o rial_n of_o ●_o call_v pardaus_fw-la de_fw-fr reales_n worth_n common_o 440_o res_n of_o portugal_n but_o these_o and_o the_o larin_n of_o persia_n may_v here_o be_v account_v for_o commodity_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o the_o occasion_n of_o merchant_n enforce_v they_o sheraff●…_n sheraff●…_n but_o note_n that_o all_o money_n be_v here_o pay_v and_o receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o sheraff_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n in_o turkey_n and_o other_o eastern_a country_n who_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n and_o damage_n either_o in_o tale_n or_o goodness_n for_o a_o small_a consideration_n and_o by_o the_o portugal_n 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country_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o retire_v themselves_o during_o this_o inundation_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o their_o house_n so_o purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o water_n every_o house_n then_o have_v a_o boat_n or_o frigate_n belong_v thereto_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o converse_v together_o and_o traffic_v as_o on_o dry_a shore_n till_o the_o say_a river_n return_v to_o her_o wont_a channel_n again_o the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n as_o indeed_o of_o all_o these_o region_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n merchant_n who_o give_v the_o english_a admittance_n to_o trade_n and_o residence_n here_o about_o 1612_o upon_o who_o he_o bestow_v also_o a_o fair_a house_n for_o their_o abode_n and_o warehouse_n to_o lay_v up_o their_o merchandise_n where_o since_o for_o some_o year_n they_o have_v continue_v but_o of_o late_a year_n have_v leave_v it_o off_o and_o discontinue_v upon_o the_o little_a benefit_n this_o scale_n and_o country_n afford_v they_o pattana_n commodity_n of_o siam_n and_o pattana_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n and_o coast_n be_v cotton_n linen_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_a liquor_n call_v here_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nipe_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o india_n nut_n and_o hence_o transport_v into_o all_o part_n of_o india_n and_o the_o adjoin_a region_n here_o be_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o benjamin_n and_o of_o lac_n wherewith_o the_o hard_a wax_n be_v make_v that_o be_v bring_v hence_o into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o portugal_n palo_n dangula_fw-la and_o calamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n

goa_n be_v 1_o pecul_n and_o 132_o l._n ⅘_n english_a near_o so_o that_o the_o difference_n as_o already_o say_v which_o arise_v in_o the_o pecul_fw-la from_o 130_o l._n 15_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o pound_n to_o 132⅘_n and_o 133_o l._n english_a be_v by_o weigh_v by_o the_o balance_n or_o stilyard_n the_o stilyard_n or_o dotchen_n make_v more_o the_o balance_n less_o the_o covid_n or_o maccao_n be_v rather_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n more_o than_o less_o than_o 3_o quarter_n of_o our_o yard_n and_o 2½_n inches_n or_o more_o rather_o 29_o inch_n ⅝_n of_o a_o inch_n near_o which_o covid_n be_v use_v by_o the_o portuguez_n the_o chinese_n have_v another_o covid_n or_o measure_n consist_v of_o between_o 14_o 11_o 12_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o 14_o 6_o 7_o of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o be_v subdivide_v into_o 10_o other_o part_n the_o covid_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o chinchose_n a_o province_n of_o china_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n 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by_o i_o omit_v crave_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o that_o they_o will_v add_v by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o trial_n what_o be_v either_o here_o defective_a or_o altogether_o leave_v out_o and_o thus_o leave_v the_o continent_n according_a to_o my_o method_n i_o will_v in_o brief_a run_v through_o some_o of_o those_o island_n which_o merit_n observation_n and_o survey_v the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o ample_o as_o my_o adviso_n will_v give_v i_o leave_v chap._n c._n of_o the_o island_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o asia_n be_v either_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n as_o japan_n zeilan_n moluccoe_n javas_n summatra_n barneo_n the_o philippines_n and_o other_o or_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n as_o rhodes_n cyprus_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o trade_n whereof_o a_o word_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o commerce_n of_o asia_n chap._n ci._n of_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n of_o japan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o japan_n be_v situate_v over_o against_o canton_n in_o china_n have_v in_o length_n 600_o mile_n but_o narrow_a in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n 90_o and_o in_o some_o but_o 30_o mile_n it_o obey_v 66_o several_a sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o tense_n hold_v the_o principal_a authority_n command_v 50_o of_o the_o 66_o above_o mention_a kingdom_n every_o king_n lord_n and_o master_n have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n over_o the_o good_n and_o life_n of_o the_o subject_n servant_n and_o child_n subject_a unto_o he_o it_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n anno_fw-la 1542._o and_o since_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o jesuit_n who_o in_o great_a number_n have_v settle_v themselves_o here_o and_o be_v find_v to_o exercise_v trade_n and_o commerce_n as_o cunning_o and_o subtle_o as_o any_o jew_n elsewhere_o in_o the_o world_n their_o chief_a town_n be_v osacaia_n bunguin_n meaco_n and_o be_v the_o principal_a port_n frequent_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o island_n be_v silver_n in_o some_o good_a measure_n dig_v up_o here_o and_o carry_v hence_o by_o merchant_n to_o china_n to_o exchange_v for_o silk_n and_o principal_o rice_n which_o be_v find_v here_o grow_v in_o such_o abundance_n that_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n draw_v two_o million_o of_o ducat_n yearly_o out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v gather_v from_o his_o own_o possession_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v at_o his_o own_o demesne_n firando_n firando_n and_o at_o firando_n one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n the_o english_a have_v settle_v a_o factory_a for_o trade_n in_o 1613._o by_o captain_n sari_n labour_n and_o industry_n the_o civil_a war_n that_o continual_o vex_v these_o island_n hinder_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o the_o material_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v drive_v yet_o so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v collect_v i_o will_v here_o insert_v japan_n coin_n current_a in_o japan_n their_o money_n current_n for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o these_o island_n be_v thus_o term_v and_o with_o some_o small_a difference_n have_v this_o value_n their_o silver_n coin_n current_n be_v a_o tail_n a_o mass_n and_o a_o condery_a a_o tail_n be_v a_o ℞_o of_o 8_o ●_o or_o 5_o s._n sterling_a or_o ⅛_n tail_n of_o siam_n and_o this_o tail_n be_v 10_o mass_n or_o 100_o condery_n a_o mass_n be_v 10_o condery_n or_o 6_o d._n sterling_a and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o ℞_o ●_o ●_o pass_v for_o 74_o condory_n only_o and_o no_o more_o their_o gold_n be_v coin_v into_o two_o small_a barrs_n of_o two_o several_a sort_n the_o one_o be_v call_v a_o jehebo_n worth_n about_o 15_o in_o 16_o mass_n of_o silver_n the_o other_o be_v call_v a_o coban_n worth_n from_o 60_o to_o 68_o mass_n which_o may_v be_v value_v from_o 30_o s._n to_o 34_o s._n sterling_a the_o war_n that_o continual_o vex_v this_o country_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unconstant_a rate_n and_o price_n thereof_o japan_n weight_n in_o japan_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o japan_n be_v the_o pecul_n and_o the_o cattee_n a_o pecul_n be_v 10_o cattee_n a_o cattee_n be_v account_v by_o some_o 21_o ounce_n and_o by_o some_o 20¾_n ounce_n averdupois_n so_o that_o a_o pecul_n be_v about_o 130_o or_o 131_o l._n english_a japan_n measure_v of_o length_n in_o japan_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o incken_fw-mi or_o tattamy_n which_o be_v 2½_n yard_n english_a 25_o yard_n be_v 12_o tattamy_n japan_n measure_v of_o rice_n and_o grain_n in_o japan_n their_o measure_n for_o rice_n be_v thus_o account_v a_o gant_n be_v 3_o cocas_n be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o english_a ale-pint_n a_o ickgoga_n be_v 100_o ganta_n one_o ickmagog_n be_v 1000_o ickgoga_n one_o managoga_n be_v 10000_o ickmagogs_n chap._n cii_o of_o zeilan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n zeilan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o zeilan_n lie_v in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n in_o length_n 250_o and_o in_o breadth_n 140_o mile_n find_v so_o fruitful_a that_o the_o grass_n grow_v and_o the_o tree_n bear_v fruit_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o intermission_n it_o be_v command_v in_o chief_a by_o the_o great_a mogul_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v zeilan_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o island_n and_o columbo_n fortify_v by_o the_o portugal_n and_o as_o it_o be_v conceive_v command_v over_o the_o best_a harbour_n in_o india_n zeilan_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n zeilan_n for_o commodity_n it_o have_v many_o and_o almost_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v in_o india_n through_o all_o the_o several_a province_n and_o place_n thereof_o first_o it_o have_v nutmeg_n clove_n and_o pepper-tree_n good_a store_n and_o the_o best_a cinnamon_n in_o all_o india_n which_o be_v here_o have_v and_o find_v grow_v in_o whole_a wood_n and_o hence_o disperse_v into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o it_o afford_v all_o kind_n of_o precious_a stone_n except_o diamond_n as_o saphire_n ruby_n topaz_n spinal_n granati_fw-la also_o a_o plentiful_a fish_n for_o pearl_n yet_o not_o account_v so_o good_a as_o at_o bareim_n by_o ormus_n it_o have_v likewise_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o metal_n also_o iron_n flax_n brimstone_n ivory_n bone_n and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n paradise_n adam_n hill_n the_o zeilans_n paradise_n here_o be_v also_o a_o hill_n of_o that_o great_a height_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v it_o the_o high_a in_o india_n and_o call_v it_o adam_n hill_n upon_o which_o they_o say_v paradise_n stand_v and_o that_o adam_n be_v there_o create_v who_o footstep_n if_o they_o may_v be_v believe_v do_v remain_v yet_o engrave_v there_o in_o the_o rock_n and_o go_v not_o out_o but_o the_o inhabitanis_n being_n most_o active_a in_o their_o body_n may_v be_v

land_n sometime_o win_v and_o sometime_o lose_v according_a to_o both_o their_o force_n and_o fortune_n in_o all_o their_o occasion_n add_v violence_n to_o trade_n trade_v peaceable_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o choose_v and_o rob_v and_o pilfer_v when_o and_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o make_v up_o their_o mouth_n to_o profit_n in_o which_o practice_n of_o trade_n and_o thievery_n or_o thievish_a trade_n i_o leave_v they_o and_o those_o island_n and_o come_v next_o to_o java_n chap._n civ_o of_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v java_n major_a and_o java_n minor_a the_o great_a be_v in_o compass_n 3000_o and_o the_o lesser_a 2000_o mile_n the_o nearness_n of_o these_o two_o island_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v these_o country_n so_o wonderful_a fertile_a that_o they_o be_v term_v the_o epitome_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a city_n here_o be_v palauban_n mega_n pegar_o agaim_n and_o ballambua_n and_o in_o the_o lesser_a java_n bosnia_n samara_n limbri_n and_o other_o but_o their_o principal_a trade_n be_v drive_v at_o sunda_n calapa_n bantam_n jacatra_n now_o baptize_v by_o the_o dutch_a batavia_n and_o last_o japarra_n in_o which_o three_o last_n the_o english_a have_v residence_n and_o factory_n island_n commodity_n of_o java_n island_n the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v rice_n in_o abundance_n ox_n kine_n hog_n sheep_n indian_a nut_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o food_n also_o all_o kind_n of_o spice_n as_o clove_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n which_o the_o native_a merchant_n transport_v to_o malacca_n and_o other_o neighbour_a island_n in_o great_a measure_n also_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n esteem_v far_o better_a than_o that_o of_o india_n or_o malabar_n principal_o grow_v about_o the_o strait_n of_o sunda_n of_o which_o there_o be_v yearly_o lade_v hence_o about_o ten_o thousand_o quintal_n english_a it_o have_v also_o much_o frankincense_n benjamin_n camphora_n also_o diamond_n and_o many_o other_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v therein_o javas_n commodity_n of_o india_n fit_a for_o javas_n the_o fit_a and_o most_o proper_a commodity_n for_o these_o island_n trade_n be_v divers_a and_o different_a sort_n and_o colour_n of_o cotton_n linen_n which_o be_v make_v at_o cambaia_n cormandel_n and_o bengala_n call_v serass_n sarampurus_n cassus_fw-la sateposas_fw-la black_a cannequin_n red_a turrias_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o sort_n find_v make_v in_o the_o place_n abovesaid_a jacatra_n batavia_n alias_o jacatra_n here_o the_o hollander_n be_v find_v to_o be_v master_n of_o jacatra_n of_o late_a year_n call_v by_o they_o batavia_n the_o best_a and_o great_a port_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o rendezvous_n in_o these_o part_n where_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o they_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debar_v both_o english_a and_o all_o other_o from_o enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o jacatra_n coin_n current_a in_o java_n sunda_fw-la bantam_n jacatra_n in_o sunda_fw-la which_o i_o account_v here_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n town_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o great_a in_o java_n major_a they_o have_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n than_o certain_a copper_n piece_n mint_v which_o they_o call_v caixa_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o hole_n to_o hang_v they_o on_o string_n for_o common_o they_o put_v 200_o or_o a_o 1000_o upon_o one_o string_n wherewith_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o by_o this_o follow_a account_n a_o satta_n be_v 200_o caixas_n five_o satta_n be_v 1000_o caixa_n which_o be_v a_o crusado_n portugal_n money_n or_o about_o 6_o shilling_n sterling_a jacatra_n account_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n the_o merchant_n of_o europe_n here_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o ℞_o ●_o ●_o and_o penny_n account_v 60_o penny_n to_o the_o ℞_o ●_o ●_o spanish_a sunda_fw-la weight_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la the_o weight_n at_o bantam_n jacatra_n japarra_n and_o at_o sunda_fw-la be_v the_o picul_n the_o cattee_n and_o babar_n a_o cattee_n being_n less_o than_o the_o cattee_n of_o maccau_n contain_v but_o 20_o ounce_n english_a and_o the_o other_o 20_o ¾_n ounce_n a_o picul_n be_v 100_o cattee_n and_o consequent_o be_v 125_o l._n english_a a_o bahar_n be_v 330_o cattee_n of_o china_n of_o 20_o ounce_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o may_v make_v in_o england_n 412_o l._n sunda_fw-la measure_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v their_o dry_a measure_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o pepper_n be_v a_o timbam_fw-la and_o contain_v ten_o sack_n principal_o use_v in_o pepper_n and_o rice_n consist_v of_o five_o picul_n so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n each_o sack_n shall_v contain_v in_o weight_n 62½_n l._n english_a two_o sack_n for_o a_o picul_n javas_n price_n of_o commodity_n in_o javas_n the_o common_a price_n of_o commodity_n as_o i_o find_v they_o here_o observe_v be_v pepper_n of_o sunda_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o sack_n weigh_v ½_n a_o picul_n or_o 45_o cattee_n of_o china_n each_o cattee_n be_v 20_o ounce_n at_o 5000_o caixa_n and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o high_a at_o 6_o or_o 7000_o caixa_n mace_n clove_n nutmeg_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n and_o camphora_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bahar_n good_a mace_n common_o sell_v for_o 120_o thousand_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n and_o good_a clove_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o bad_a and_o foul_a clove_n be_v sell_v at_o 70_o or_o 80000_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n nutmeg_n common_o sell_v for_o 20_o or_o 25_o thousand_o caixa'_v the_o bahar_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n sell_v for_o 150_o or_o 180_o thousand_o caixa_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a good_a 200_o thousand_o the_o bahar_n but_o how_o far_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o now_o common_a current_a rate_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v chap._n cv_o of_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o summatra_n ancient_o traprobana_n and_o solomon_n suppose_v ophir_n be_v esteem_v the_o big_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o modern_a experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a be_v only_o 700_o mile_n long_o and_o 200_o mile_n broad_a summatra_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n summatra_n the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v through_o it_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n make_v it_o abound_v in_o several_a precious_a commodity_n for_o traffic_n as_o first_o it_o have_v pepper_n in_o abundance_n whereof_o above_o twenty_o ship_n of_o burden_n be_v hence_o yearly_o lade_v also_o ginger_n alces_fw-la cassia_n raw_a silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o king_n of_o pedor_n and_o achin_n it_o be_v here_o a_o custom_n that_o the_o native_n do_v eat_v their_o slay_a enemy_n and_o do_v erst_o account_v their_o skull_n for_o a_o great_a treasure_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o other_o necessary_n he_o be_v account_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v most_o store_n of_o they_o in_o his_o house_n this_o custom_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n from_o other_o country_n thither_o of_o late_a year_n have_v bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n in_o request_n among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o since_o know_v better_o summatra_n rarity_n find_v in_o summatra_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v a_o hill_n of_o brimstone_n continual_o burn_v and_o two_o very_a strange_a and_o admirable_a fountain_n the_o one_o yield_v pure_a and_o excellent_a balsamum_n and_o the_o other_o most_o excellent_a oil_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v daren_n pasen_n and_o androgede_o the_o habitation_n of_o so_o many_o king_n java_n achin_n tico_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n english_a factory_n in_o java_n but_o the_o principal_a place_n and_o part_n for_o trade_n know_v to_o the_o european_n be_v dachem_n or_o achin_n ticko_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n all_o maritime_a and_o good_a harbour_n where_o the_o english_a be_v find_v to_o have_v residence_n and_o factory_n also_o pedir_n campar_n and_o manancabo_n to_o the_o which_o the_o portugal_n general_o do_v trade_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n transport_v the_o native_a commedity_n of_o this_o their_o island_n to_o malucca_n which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o twenty_o mile_n off_o be_v not_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o portugal_n commerce_n though_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v of_o late_o get_v footing_n and_o build_v fortress_n to_o their_o as_o great_a trouble_n vexation_n and_o slavery_n etc._n coin_n current_a in_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n etc._n etc._n within_o these_o few_o year_n these_o islander_n be_v not_o know_v to_o have_v any_o coin_n current_a in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n among_o they_o but_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n

as_o i_o say_v before_o which_o they_o account_v as_o their_o great_a treasure_n and_o with_o which_o their_o barter_n and_o exchange_n for_o thing_n necessary_a be_v make_v but_o now_o of_o late_a the_o king_n of_o achin_n in_o imitation_n of_o other_o adjoin_a prince_n and_o so_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o malacca_n now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o portugal_n have_v coin_v money_n which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v these_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v here_o account_v for_o 4_o cappan_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n sterling_a a_o tail_n be_v 16_o mass_n or_o 3⅕_n ℞_o ●_o ●_o or_o sterling_a money_n 16_o s._n a_o cattee_n be_v 8_o tail_n in_o ordinary_a account_n and_o worth_a 25⅔_n ℞_o ●_o spanish_a or_o 6_o l._n 8_o s._n sterling_a and_o sometime_o in_o exchange_n from_o hence_o to_o other_o adjacent_a part_n they_o account_v 7¼_n and_o 7½_n tail_n to_o one_o cattee_n java_n account_n keep_v in_o java_n in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n as_o jambe_n tycho_n and_o priaman_n they_o have_v no_o coin_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o spanish_a ℞_o ●_o in_o which_o the_o european_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o for_o distinction_n divide_v it_o to_o be_v 60_o denier_n or_o pence_n to_o a_o ℞_o ●_o jambe_n weight_n of_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n jambe_n the_o common_a through_o all_o summatra_n be_v a_o bahar_n but_o yet_o find_v to_o vary_v in_o many_o place_n and_o consist_v of_o cattee_n which_o in_o greatness_n also_o vary_v and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o difference_n but_o in_o achin_n priamam_fw-la ticcou_n and_o jambe_n where_o the_o english_a reside_v the_o bahar_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o each_o of_o these_o place_n 200_o cattee_n every_o cattee_n be_v 29_o ounce_n english_a so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n the_o bahar_n must_v make_v 360_o l._n english_a sotile_a summatra_n measure_n in_o summatra_n the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v chap._n cvi_o of_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o island_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v borneo_n and_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o aequinoctial_a into_o two_o part_n put_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bind_v between_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o borneo_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o of_o laus_n on_o the_o south_n in_o compass_n account_v above_o 2200_o mile_n and_o hold_v the_o great_a of_o all_o this_o ocean_n island_n commodity_n of_o borneo_n island_n the_o country_n do_v yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o wood_n which_o we_o call_v camphora_n also_o that_o wood_n know_v by_o the_o portugal_n by_o the_o name_n of_o polo_n d'_fw-fr aguila_n and_o also_o that_o costly_a sweat_n wood_n which_o be_v call_v collamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n also_o here_o be_v find_v some_o gold_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n agarick_n and_o other_o spice_n and_o great_a abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a antidote_n which_o in_o europe_n be_v call_v the_o bezoar-stone_n island_n town_n of_o borneo_n island_n it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o many_o fair_a town_n and_o harbour_n as_o cabura_n taioparra_n tamorutas_fw-la and_o borneo_n the_o metropolis_n and_o most_o magnificent_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n contain_v 25_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o marish_a of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n borneo_n secodana_n and_o benicrmasa_n english_a factory_n in_o borneo_n also_o secodana_n where_o many_o diamond_n be_v find_v and_o where_o the_o english_a some_o year_n past_a have_v a_o factory_a and_o residence_n as_o also_o the_o same_o in_o beniermasa_n another_o good_a port_n in_o this_o island_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o coin_n current_n here_o in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n nor_o yet_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o must_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o to_o the_o trader_n thither_o chap._n cvii_o of_o celebs_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n celebs_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o celebs_n be_v the_o next_o in_o this_o tract_n nor_o far_o distant_a from_o borneo_n island_n through_o part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equator_fw-la yield_v by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o commodity_n proper_a to_o summatra_n borneo_n gilolo_n and_o other_o seat_v under_o the_o same_o line_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o enjoy_v some_o eminent_a town_n frequent_v by_o european_a merchant_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n as_o durati_fw-la mamaio_n tubon_n and_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o english_a factory_a in_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o chief_a port_n for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o island_n and_o where_o the_o english_a have_v a_o residence_n and_o factory_a and_o follow_v their_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o place_n i_o find_v maccasar_n coin_n current_a in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n their_o coin_n current_a here_o in_o use_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o mass_n cupan_n and_o tail_n thus_o value_v a_o tail_n be_v account_v for_o 16_o mass_n in_o current_a value_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v worth_a 15_o rial_n of_o eight_o a_o mass_n be_v a_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v the_o tail_n and_o want_v somewhat_o of_o 5_o s._n or_o a_o rial_n of_o ●_o 8_o spanish_a and_o this_o mass_n be_v 4_o cuppan_n each_o captain_z esteem_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n sterling_a money_n and_o by_o this_o calculation_n the_o tail_n shall_v make_v sterling_a 3_o l._n 14_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o by_o the_o account_n of_o ℞_o ●_o 8_o at_o 5_o s._n sterling_a the_o tail_n be_v 3_o l._n 15_o s._n sterling_a maccasar_n weight_n in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n the_o common_a weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o ganton_n zicoyan_n and_o mass_n thus_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a weight_n averdupois_n the_o ganton_n be_v both_o a_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o weight_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 5_o l._n english_a and_o in_o measure_n about_o two_o english_a gallon_n a_o mass_n in_o weight_n be_v 40_o gantons_n which_o be_v 200_o l._n english_a or_o 80_o gallon_n english_a a_o zicoyan_a be_v 20_o mass_n in_o weight_n which_o be_v 4000_o l._n english_a or_o 800_o canton_n of_o this_o place_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v a_o work_n past_o my_o skill_n or_o i_o think_v most_o man_n else_n consider_v the_o multitude_n thereof_o philippi●…_n philippi●…_n the_o philippines_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o anno_fw-la 1564_o be_v in_o number_n 110_o thousand_o as_o some_o author_n report_n over_o against_o china_n be_v also_o find_v 7448_o island_n and_o about_o india_n 127000_o great_a and_o small_a more_o which_o in_o many_o place_n stand_v so_o nigh_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v afar_o off_o to_o touch_v and_o to_o be_v all_o one_o firm_a land_n but_o whosoever_o pass_v between_o they_o may_v with_o his_o hand_n touch_v the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o on_o the_o one_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o commodity_n be_v find_v grow_v upon_o these_o island_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o many_o of_o they_o maintain_v a_o traffic_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v 1498._o the_o portugal_n the_o first_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o east-india_n 1498._o now_o forasmuch_o as_o portugal_n dutch_a and_o english_a have_v of_o late_a year_n discover_v those_o country_n of_o india_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v since_o settle_v themselves_o by_o fort_n and_o castle_n there_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v here_o survey_v their_o strength_n and_o hold_v build_v for_o defence_n and_o their_o factory_a settle_a for_o traffic_n throughout_o this_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o the_o portugal_n than_o be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1498._o depart_v from_o lisbon_n under_o command_n of_o vasco_n di_fw-it gamma_n double_v the_o cape_n of_o bona_n esperance_fw-fr which_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a to_o they_o since_o that_o time_n that_o they_o have_v master_v conquer_v and_o fortify_v themselves_o beyond_o that_o cape_n in_o soffala_n quiloa_n mosambique_n mombasa_n and_o in_o ormus_n in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n late_o again_o lose_v in_o india_n they_o have_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o diu_n daman_n basain_n ch●…_n goa_n honour_n barsola_n mongalor_n cananor_n cronganor_n cochin_n and_o colan_n in_o silon_n they_o have_v column_n brag_v of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a port_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n they_o hold_v negapatam_n and_o st._n thomas_n in_o bengala_n they_o have_v porto_n pequenio_n

great_a nation_n but_o my_o ignorance_n herein_o do_v silence_v i_o therefore_o it_o shall_v content_v i_o to_o have_v survey_v it_o in_o the_o general_n and_o to_o have_v leave_v behind_o i_o what_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o collect_v of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trader_n of_o those_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n and_o country_n know_v that_o their_o strange_a custom_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o law_n and_o government_n debar_v all_o easy_a access_n into_o their_o dominion_n and_o what_o other_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o see_v i_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o offer_v to_o recount_v to_o conclude_v then_o have_v thus_o run_v over_o and_o survey_v the_o general_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v myself_o towards_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o the_o best_a repute_v of_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cx_o of_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n here_o handle_v and_o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o part_n europe_n 15_o part_n europe_n which_o i_o have_v willing_o omit_v as_o last_v and_o principal_a come_v now_o to_o be_v survey_v that_o the_o trade_n thereof_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v in_o her_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n shall_v be_v in_o prerogative_n of_o worth_a the_o chief_a and_o first_o but_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n i_o show_v the_o best_a last_n and_o the_o worst_a first_o europe_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o province_n and_o island_n 1_o spain_n 2_o france_n 3_o italy_n 4_o belgia_n 5_o germany_n 6_o denmark_n 7_o norway_n 8_o sweden_n 9_o muscovia_n 10_o poland_n 11_o hungary_n 12_o dacia_n 13_o slavonia_n 14_o graecia_n the_o island_n of_o europe_n be_v disperse_v through_o these_o sea_n 1_o greek_a sea_n 2_o egean_a sea_n 3_o cretan_a sea_n 4_o ionian_a sea_n 5_o adriatic_a sea_n 6_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7_o british_a sea_n 8_o northern_a sea_n of_o all_o which_o in_o order_n and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o division_n in_o order_n chap._n cxi_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o spain_n spain_n spain_n the_o most_o western_a continent_n of_o europe_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o pampelona_n on_o the_o northwest_n and_o perpignan_n on_o the_o southeast_n spain_n commodity_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wine_n sugar_n oil_n metal_n liquorish_a rice_n silk_n wool_n cork_n rosin_n steel_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n almond_n etc._n etc._n anniseed_n anchovy_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la fig_n tunny-fish_n iron_n shumack_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n spain_n be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o province_n which_o former_o be_v petty_a kingdom_n viz._n 1._o leon_n &_o oviedo_n 2._o navarre_n 3._o corduba_n 4._o gallicia_n 5._o biscay_n 6._o toledo_n 7._o mur●ia_n 8._o castille_n 9_o portugal_n 10_o valentia_n 11._o catalonia_n 12._o arragon_n of_o which_o in_o order_n with_o their_o city_n of_o note_n and_o traffic_v 2._o leon_n 1_o oviedo_n 2._o in_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n i_o find_v no_o city_n of_o trade_n memorable_a the_o city_n of_o leon_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o be_v the_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o name_n of_o asturia●_n 2._o navarra_n 2._o in_o navarre_n be_v of_o note_n the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n famous_a for_o her_o fortification_n and_o not_o for_o her_o negotiation_n 4._o corduba_n 4._o corduba_n be_v account_v the_o most_o fertile_a soil_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o have_v corduba_n for_o a_o principal_a city_n from_o whence_o come_v that_o excellent_a cordovant_n leather_n know_v to_o we_o 2._o marchena_n a_o principal_a breeder_n of_o the_o best_a genets_n in_o spain_n also_o 3._o medina_n sidonia_n who_o duke_n be_v principal_a commander_n of_o that_o pretend_a invincible_a armado_n 1588._o also_o lucardi_n barameda_n a_o great_a haven-town_n xere_n which_o yield_v the_o wine_n know_v sherry_n sack_n because_o the_o spaniard_n be_v find_v to_o pronounce_v x_o as_o sh_n in_o english_a and_o also_o sevil_n which_o require_v according_a to_o my_o method_n for_o her_o worth_n and_o eminency_n of_o trade_n a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n xciii_o of_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sevil_n be_v account_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o spain_n in_o compass_n six_o mile_n environ_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n as_o palace_n church_n and_o monastery_n one_o whereof_o be_v endow_v with_o 25000_o crown_n annual_a rent_n the_o river_n baetis_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n yet_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a bridge_n from_o hence_o the_o spaniard_n set_v out_o towards_o the_o western_a india_n and_o hither_o return_v again_o to_o unlade_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o principal_o be_v find_v to_o be_v silver_n tobacco_n ginger_n cotton_n sugar_n brasil_n and_o ferinand_n bucquewood_n and_o some_o drug_n here_o be_v 30000_o gene●s_n maintain_v continual_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o service_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o that_o greatness_n that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o town_n only_o be_v worth_a unto_o the_o king_n half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n be_v hold_v so_o rich_a that_o his_o rend_a amount_n to_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a and_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n 2000_o small_a village_n and_o consequent_o in_o his_o whole_a diocese_n 2000_o benefice_n beside_o friary_n nunnery_n and_o hospital_n and_o esteem_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o he_o of_o toledo_n the_o rarity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o willing_o omit_v as_o well_o know_v to_o out_o nation_n madera_n account_n keep_v in_o sevil_n and_o madera_n in_o sevil_n madera_n etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n by_o marvedy_n of_o which_o 375_o be_v esteem_v to_o make_v a_o ducat_n of_o exx_n o_o 11_o rial_n every_o rial_n be_v 37_o mal._n and_o so_o be_v but_o 374_o mal._n but_o our_o english_a there_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o rial_n of_o 34._o mal._n the_o rial_n sevil_n coin_n of_o sevil_n their_o current_a money_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o sevil_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n account_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a in_o sevil_n 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v so_o worth_a throughout_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v account_v 6_o d._n sterling_a money_n a_o dobra_n current_n be_v worth_a of_o carlin_n money_n ●1_n ●7_n marvedy_n every_o 1000_o dobras_n be_v 80_o v._o 883_o marvedy_n and_o be_v account_v in_o merchandise_n 71_o mar._n and_o be_v worth_a in_o valentia_n at_o even_a hand_n 4_o sold._n 7._o den._n 1_o 10_o of_o valentia_n money_n without_o charge_n of_o exch._n a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n or_o be_v above_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n a_o castilian_a of_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n about_o 7_o s._n star_z vide_fw-la money_n in_o castille_n current_n in_o all_o spain_n sevil._n exchange_n in_o sevil._n their_o exx_n o_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a ducat_n of_o 375_o mar._n payable_a in_o banco_n with_o five_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o banco_n salary_n or_o without_o the_o banco_n to_o be_v pay_v without_o the_o same_o and_o this_o ducat_n be_v common_o term_v ducato_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr peso_fw-mi and_o be_v worth_a as_o above_o 375_o marvedy_n in_o sevil_n they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o follow_v if_o you_o say_v in_o ducat_n di_fw-it oro_fw-la o●_n de_fw-fr castilia_n upon_o banco_n those_o be_v then_o pay_v in_o banco_n without_o loss_n at_o all_o but_o if_o you_o say_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o so_o many_o ducat_n doro_n in_o pistolet_n forth_o of_o banco_n they_o will_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a money_n but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pay_v in_o carlins_n it_o will_v cost_v ½_n and_o sometime_o ¾_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la loss_n but_o because_o i_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o chapter_n 294_o and_o 426_o treat_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o i_o will_v to_o avoid_v repetition_n refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o for_o further_a and_o ample_a satisfaction_n sevil._n weight_n of_o sevil._n there_o be_v use_v in_o sevil_n three_o weight_n or_o kintars_n as_o first_o the_o small_a which_o comprehend_v 112_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 28_o pound_n a_o rove_n the_o next_o be_v of_o 120_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n to_o a_o rove_n the_o

linen_n be_v measure_v and_o be_v account_v 1¼_n yard_n english_a but_o those_o that_o have_v make_v trial_n thereof_o find_v it_o be_v be_v 46_o inch_n but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o the_o note_a that_o in_o buy_v of_o linen_n cloth_n of_o this_o country_n there_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o account_n of_o measure_n 24_o auln_n for_o 20_o and_o be_v call_v the_o merchant_n auln_v or_o measure_n and_o by_o the_o same_o be_v oftentimes_o here_o again_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o diep_n caen_n and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o normandy_n afford_v also_o this_o over-measure_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o normandy_n canvas_n here_o make_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v this_o place_n have_v a_o great_a and_o a_o small_a auln_v the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o and_o the_o small_a agree_v with_o 〈◊〉_d english_a ells._n roven_n fair_n in_o roven_n roven_n be_v find_v to_o have_v 3_o fair_n in_o a_o year_n at_o two_o whereof_o there_o be_v liberty_n give_v for_o fifteen_o day_n to_o buy_v and_o transport_v any_o commodity_n in_o this_o city_n free_a of_o all_o custom_n and_o ta●…_n provide_v the_o say_v good_n be_v lade_v and_o depart_v down_o the_o say_a river_n to_o a_o certain_a limit_a 〈◊〉_d stance_n below_o the_o city_n by_o fifteen_o day_n after_o otherwise_o to_o pay_v the_o custom_n as_o be_v accustom_v the_o fair_a begin_v the_o 3d_o of_o february_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o second_o begin_v the_o morrow_n after_o whitsunday_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o three_o be_v not_o account_v a_o free_a fair_a for_o custom_n as_o the_o former_a and_o begin_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o october_n and_o continue_v only_o eight_o day_n where_o note_n that_o these_o day_n be_v account_v so_o many_o work_a day_n sunday_n and_o holiday_n according_a to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n except_v cloth_n the_o english_a hall_n of_o roven_n for_o sale_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n here_o be_v in_o this_o city_n a_o public_a hall_n grant_v to_o the_o english_a for_o the_o sale_n of_o all_o english_a wool_n cloth_n whereto_o they_o be_v enjoin_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o and_o have_v certain_a set_a day_n to_o lay_v open_a and_o sell_v the_o same_o and_o for_o the_o hire_n and_o custody_n they_o pay_v a_o duty_n of_o halledge_n or_o warehousdo●_n they_o have_v have_v former_o here_o many_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v account_v as_o h●_n citizen_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n the_o insolency_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o great_a authority_n of_o their_o court_n of_o parliament_n daily_o give_v new_a fashion_n and_o new_a law_n to_o the_o english_a merchant_n here_o resident_a this_o city_n be_v the_o prime_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o part_n of_o france_n and_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a northern_a scale_n of_o traffic_n in_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v export_v great_a quantity_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o buckram_n canvas_n fine_a and_o course_n play_v card_n box_n combs_n paper_n threal_n teasles_a for_o clothworker_n and_o some_o plush_n and_o other_o stuff_v late_o here_o make_v and_o in_o fine_a all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o normandy_n paris_n and_o those_o part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n sein_fw-fr roven_n exchange_n of_o roven_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o use_v see_v lion_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v which_o give_v rule_n thereto_o in_o chapter_n 277_o and_o chapter_n 302._o france_n the_o isle_n of_o france_n the_o next_o division_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o france_n which_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o friend_n dominion_n the_o principal_a city_n paris_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o situate_v wh●…_n though_o it_o consist_v not_o much_o in_o trade_n save_v what_o may_v serve_v happy_o to_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o court_n and_o inhabitant_n yet_o all_o the_o other_o city_n take_v hence_o the_o rule_n of_o government_n for_o traffic_n may_v challenge_v just_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n cxxvii_o of_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parish_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o france_n and_o the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v ten_o mile_n in_o compass_n through_o which_o the_o river_n of_o sein_fw-fr do_v gentle_o run_v and_o so_o to_o roven_n thence_o to_o the_o new-haven_n or_o haure_n de_fw-fr grace_n and_o thence_o to_o our_o british_a oceam_n it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o neither_o afford_v commodity_n to_o be_v export_v nor_o yet_o vent_v store_n of_o commodity_n import_v though_o a_o ignorant_a frenchman_n which_o have_v not_o see_v further_o than_o this_o city_n call_v it_o the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o trade_n find_v therein_o and_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o merchant_n which_o i_o imagine_v he_o understand_v shopkeeper_n some_o cloth_n lend_v tin_n bays_n and_o stocking_n it_o vent_v from_o england_n satin_n and_o other_o silk_n and_o plush_n from_o italy_n some_o small_a ware_n from_o germany_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o most_o important_a it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o city_n in_o france_n where_o exchange_n have_v be_v place_v roven_n and_o lion_n be_v the_o other_o two_o and_o though_o i_o have_v divers_a time_n be_v here_o yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o remarkable_a observation_n in_o trade_n which_o inclee_v be_v no_o where_n in_o france_n much_o practise_v because_o of_o the_o base_a esteem_n the_o french_a nation_n do_v hold_v of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v every_o cobbler_n honour_v his_o old_a shoe_n with_o the_o title_n of_o sa_fw-fr merchandise_n with_o as_o great_a confidence_n as_o he_o that_o never_o handle_v any_o commodity_n but_o silk_n or_o jewel_n in_o which_o foolish_a humour_n i_o will_v leave_v they_o and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n paris_n give_v rule_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o coin_n to_o all_o other_o city_n of_o france_n i_o have_v purposely_o refer_v it_o here_o to_o avoid_v the_o reiteration_n in_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n france_n coin_n of_o france_n the_o least_o piece_n then_o of_o coin_n current_n in_o france_n be_v a_o denier_n two_o whereof_o make_v a_o double_a and_o twelve_o thereof_o be_v a_o soul_n and_o soul_n twenty_o make_v a_o liver_n which_o some_o call_v a_o frank_n and_o thus_o in_o liver_n soul_n and_o denier_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v france_n account_n in_o france_n their_o common_a coin_n be_v piece_n of_o 8_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o ⅜_n of_o a_o french_a crown_n in_o silver_n a_o piece_n of_o 16_o sold._n which_o be_v the_o quarter_n crown_n 4_o of_o which_o make_v 64_o sold._n account_v for_o a_o french_a crown_n and_o 4_o sold_n which_o be_v of_o 3_o liver_n turnois_n they_o have_v also_o piece_n of_o 21_o sold._n 4_o denier_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o say_a crown_n call_v by_o some_o teston_n and_o the_o ½_n and_o ¼_n thereof_o and_o as_o the_o quarter_n crown_n be_v at_o first_o raise_v from_o 15_o sold_n to_o 16_o sold_n and_o thereby_o the_o 60_o sold_n to_o 64_o sold_n so_o be_v the_o say_v teston_n also_o in_o proportion_n raise_v according_o the_o gold_n coin_n be_v only_o two_o which_o be_v the_o common_a crown_n of_o 3_o liver_n or_o 60_o sold._n and_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 3_o liver_n 16_o sold_n or_o 76_o sol._n all_o which_o coin_n in_o their_o first_o coinage_n bear_v this_o true_a worth_n and_o value_n and_o then_o be_v conceive_v to_o hold_v equality_n with_o england_n thus_o 10_o sold_n to_o make_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a 23_o sold_n to_o make_v 2_o shilling_n sterling_a which_o be_v their_o liver_n 60_o sold._n to_o make_v 6_o shilling_n or_o 72_o penny_n which_o be_v the_o french_a crown_n france_n note_v of_o money_n inhanse_v late_o in_o france_n but_o these_o inhanse_v to_o such_o rate_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o commerce_n enforce_v they_o find_v net_n now_o any_o settle_a rate_n but_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o receiver_n for_o he_o that_o sell_v his_o commodity_n in_o france_n now_o for_o ready_a money_n must_v contract_v it_o if_o he_o be_v wise_a at_o what_o rate_n he_o must_v have_v these_o coin_n in_o payment_n lest_o he_o imagine_v he_o sell_v to_o good_a profit_n and_o yet_o by_o experience_n find_v he_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o a_o great_a loss_n and_o disadvantage_n and_o note_v that_o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a the_o piece_n of_o 16_o sol._n be_v raise_v to_o 20_o sol._n 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o whole_a which_o i_o place_v here_o as_o a_o caveat_n for_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o traffic_v in_o these_o kingdom_n that_o he_o

5_o 3_o of_o a_o auln_v mult_fw-la by_o 5._o divid_n by_o 9_o the_o liver_n of_o bergamo_n be_v 6_o s._n 6_o d_o tur_fw-la which_o be_v stir_v 7½_n d._n lion_n mantua_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o mantua_n be_v in_o lion_n 65_o l._n silk-weight_n the_o brace_n be_v 8_o 25_o of_o a_o auln_v multiply_v by_o 8_o and_o divide_v by_o 15._o the_o liver_n of_o mantua_n be_v in_o lion_n lion_n modena_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o modena_n be_v in_o lion_n 77½_n l._n silk-weight_n the_o brace_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o mantua_n lion_n antwerp_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o antwerp_n be_v in_o lion_n 102_o l._n silk-weight_n the_o ell_n of_o antwerp_n be_v 7_o ●_o of_o a_o auln_v which_o be_v do_v by_o take_v the_o ⅓_n and_o ●_o 4_o of_o the_o sum_n and_o add_v they_o they_o make_v aulns_n the_o liver_n of_o gross_a may_v be_v calculate_v at_o 6_o l._n tur_fw-la 12_o s._n sterl_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o suttle_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n 96½_n l._n silk-weight_n lion_n london_n with_o lion_n the_o 9_o yard_n in_o london_n make_v in_o lion_n 7_o auln_n so_o that_o the_o auln_v of_o lion_n be_v 46_o inch_n english_a the_o liver_n or_o pound_n of_o london_n sterl_n be_v 10_o liver_n turnois_n lion_n constantinople_n with_o lion_n the_o oak_n of_o constantinople_n make_v in_o lion_n l._n silk-weight_n the_o pico_n of_o constantinople_n be_v 5_o 9_o of_o a_o auln_v mult_fw-la by_o 5_o div_o by_o 9_o the_o piastre_n of_o doller_n may_v be_v calculate_v at_o 45_o s._n tur_fw-la 4_o s._n 6_o d._n sterling_a lion_n aleppo_n with_o lion_n the_o rotolo_n of_o aleppo_n have_v render_v in_o lion_n 4½_n l._n silk-weight_n the_o rotolo_n of_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n have_v make_v 4_o l._n lion_n spain_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o valencia_n in_o spain_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n 73½_n l._n silk-weight_n almeria_n 117_o tortosa_n 72_o saragosa_n 73½_n and_o 130_o vares_n of_o valentia_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n 100_o auln_n lion_n the_o weight_n of_o divers_a city_n of_o france_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n of_o paris_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n of_o town-weight_n 116_o l._n roven_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 120_o  _fw-fr thoulousa_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 96_o  _fw-fr marselia_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 94_o  _fw-fr montpelier_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 96_o  _fw-fr rochel_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 94_o  _fw-fr geneva_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 130_o  _fw-fr besanson_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 116_o  _fw-fr bourge_n in_o bress_n make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 115_o  _fw-fr avignion_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n ditto_n 96_o  _fw-fr the_o measure_n of_o languedoc_n be_v a_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o cane_n be_v 1_o ⅔_n to_o reduce_v cane_n into_o auin_n you_o must_v add_v ⅔_n and_o they_o make_v aulns_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o other_o place_n that_o traffic_n in_o silk_n be_v find_v to_o correspond_v with_o this_o town_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v insert_v they_o brief_o here_o as_o show_v what_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o these_o several_a place_n make_v silk_n weight_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o poid_v the_o mare_n in_o lion_n of_o 15_o ounce_n milan_n 100_o l._n give_v in_o lion_n 73_o l._n regio_fw-la 100_o  _fw-fr 78_o  _fw-fr calabria_n 100_o  _fw-fr 69_o  _fw-fr cosensa_fw-la 100_o  _fw-fr 70_o  _fw-fr raconis_fw-la 100_o  _fw-fr 66½_n  _fw-fr bavearre_n 100_o  _fw-fr give_v 90_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n rotol_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr give_v 4½_n  _fw-fr tripoli_n rotol_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr gives_z 4_o  _fw-fr ancona_n 100_o  _fw-fr give_v 73_o  _fw-fr placio_n 100_o  _fw-fr give_v 72_o  _fw-fr marselia_n 100_o  _fw-fr give_v 85_o  _fw-fr avignion_n 100_o  _fw-fr give_v 68_o  _fw-fr place_n measure_n of_o lion_n with_o other_o place_n note_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o marc_n or_o silk_n weight_n in_o the_o payment_n at_o lion_n make_v 108_o l._n of_o the_o town-weight_n of_o lion_n the_o former_a be_v fifteen_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v of_o 16_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n for_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n at_o lion_n i_o find_v this_o observation_n to_o have_v be_v make_v that_o the_o 100_o auln_n in_o lion_n make_v in_o london_n 98⅓_n else_o anvers_n 163⅝_n  _fw-fr frankford_n 204⅝_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 136_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 142_o  _fw-fr paris_n 93_o 2_o ●_o  _fw-fr roven_n 85¼_n  _fw-fr lisbon_n 98⅓_n  _fw-fr sevil_n 132¼_n  _fw-fr madera_n 101⅖_n  _fw-fr venetia_n 177_o  _fw-fr lucca_n 196_o  _fw-fr florence_n 200¾_n  _fw-fr milan_n 226⅕_n  _fw-fr genoa_n 472⅞_n palm_n spain_n 135_o var._n rome_n 130_o brace_n naples_n 50_o cane_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n of_o the_o experience_a and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v 〈◊〉_d lion_n languedoc_n languedoc_n the_o next_o province_n be_v languedoc_n wherein_o be_v find_v narbone_n nismes_n and_o montpelier_n three_o good_a city_n and_o which_o afford_v of_o late_a day_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n some_o serge_n sesse_n and_o some_o fine_a cloth_n of_o this_o country_n make_v and_o here_o also_o grow_v that_o excellent_a w●…_n which_o take_v his_o name_n from_o the_o town_n of_o frontiniack_a beveaire_n beveaire_n and_o here_o also_o be_v that_o small_a village_n beveaire_n have_v in_o july_n a_o fair_a or_o mart_n famous_a in_o these_o part_n and_o resemble_v at_o my_o there_o be_v 1618._o our_o sturbridge_n beside_o which_o they_o have_v yearly_o there_o other_o fair_n but_o of_o no_o grea●_n consequence_n provence_n provence_n the_o next_o province_n be_v provence_n wherein_o be_v arles_n in_o time_n past_o the_o seat_n of_o some_o roman_a eperour_n brignol_n whence_o our_o prune_n of_o brignol_n come_v know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n prunel_n from_o brignol_n whereas_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n the_o g_o be_v not_o pronounce_v aix_n the_o parliament_n seat_n and_o last_o thollon_n the_o best_a haven_n in_o france_n and_o most_o capacious_a and_o mars●…_n famous_a in_o trade_n for_o these_o country_n of_o which_o a_o word_n in_o pass_v and_o first_o of_o thollon_n chap._n cxxx_o of_o thollon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o thollon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thollon_n enjoy_v a_o fair_a and_o capacious_a haven_n and_o esteem_v the_o best_a large_a and_o safe_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v seat_v ten_o league_n to_o the_o eastward_o of_o marselia_n where●…_n the_o king_n do_v keep_v a_o custom-house_n for_o provence_n as_o have_v not_o so_o much_o power_n to_o settle_v one_o i●_n marselia_n by_o the_o privilege_n or_o insolency_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o endeavour_n still_o thus_o to_o maintain_v that_o little_a liberty_n they_o have_v it_o abound_v only_o in_o oil_n which_o be_v hence_o lade_v i●_n great_a abundance_n and_o disperse_v into_o other_o country_n as_o england_n holland_n and_o some_o almond_n which_o we_o call_v provence_n almond_n some_o salt_n be_v here_o lade_v and_o bring_v from_o the_o is●_n of_o ever_o be_v about_o three_o league_n hence_o be_v the_o proper_a merchandise_n of_o the_o king_n who_o ha●…_n factor_n for_o the_o sale_n thereof_o in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n in_o this_o place_n the_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o through_o all_o france_n and_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o marselia_n which_o i_o will_v there_o more_o succinct_o handle_v and_o only_o will_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o buy_v and_o provide_v here_o of_o oil_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o here_o at_o divers_a time_n during_o my_o abode_n in_o this_o town_n and_o country_n up_o provence_n oil_n how_o buy_v and_o cast_v up_o oil_n of_o provence_n be_v here_o and_o throughout_o all_o provence_n buy_v by_o the_o milrowl_n or_o milroe_n fourteen_o of_o which_o be_v account_v to_o a_o tun_n of_o oil_n of_o 252_o gallon_n yet_o if_o careful_o look_v unto_o at_o the_o buy_n and_o the_o same_o true_o measure_v 13_o ½_n milroe_n will_v make_v the_o say_a tun_n the_o same_o be_v sell_v common_o here_o by_o the_o florin_n a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o in_o value_n 12_o sol_fw-la turnois_n the_o milroe_n of_o oil_n be_v common_o worth_a 26_o to_o 30_o florin_n the_o cask_n of_o this_o place_n cost_v ordinary_o 18_o sold_n per_fw-la milroe_n and_o the_o custom_n outward_a be_v 10_o sol_fw-la per_fw-la milroe_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n gives_z 3_o per_fw-la 100_o provision_n and_o 1_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o brokerage_n thereof_o now_o to_o reduce_v all_o charge_n to_o a_o constant_a rate_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o find_v true_a by_o myself_o and_o other_o that_o if_o 18_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a be_v account_v for_o every_o florin_n oil_n measure_n for_o

oil_n that_o a_o milroe_n of_o oil_n shall_v cost_v the_o first_o penny_n so_o much_o will_v the_o tun_n of_o oil_n stand_v in_o clear_a aboard_o of_o all_o accustom_a charge_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o rule_n hold_v only_o in_o thollon_n i_o will_v insert_v the_o particular_n thereof_o how_o it_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v with_o our_o measure_n and_o weight_n in_o england_n because_o it_o be_v a_o staple_n and_o most_o request_v commodity_n and_o the_o principal_a commodity_n that_o this_o country_n do_v afford_v the_o common_a measure_n than_o be_v a_o scandal_n and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v find_v that_o 4_o scandal_n make_v 1_o milroe_n every_o scandal_n be_v 4¼_n gallon_n english_a and_o 31½_n l._n averdupois_n 1_o milroe_n be_v 17_o gallon_n english_a and_o be_v 126_o l._n english_a 2_o milroes_n be_v a_o charge_n which_o be_v 34_o gallon_n or_o 252_o l._n english_a 4_o charges_n make_v a_o butt_n which_o be_v ½_n a_o tun_n or_o 126_o gallon_n english_a and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1008_o l._n averdupois_n the_o custom_n hereof_o be_v a_o crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tur_o upon_o every_o 100_o milroe_n and_o every_o crown_n be_v account_v 5_o florius_n or_o 60_o sol_n wine_n for_o wine_n wine_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o same_o milroe_n as_o above_o be_v say_v almond_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n of_o 300_o l._n marselia_n weight_n corn._n for_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o muyd_v and_o mynot_n 24_o mynot_n make_v a_o muyd_v and_o 1_o muyd_v be_v about_o 8½_n quarter_n english_a provence_n commodity_n of_o provence_n provence_n do_v afford_v many_o commodity_n for_o merchandise_v which_o hence_o be_v transport_v into_o several_a country_n as_o first_o oil_n as_o above_o make_v and_o gather_v in_o november_n and_o december_n ship_v for_o england_n spain_n and_o italy_n also_o great_a quantity_n of_o wool_n for_o clothing_n buy_v up_o in_o may_n june_n and_o july_n by_o milanois_n ginoese_n piedmontois_n and_o montpelerians_n which_o common_o bear_v 14_o in_o 16_o the_o 100_o foul_a and_o be_v wash_v and_o cleanse_v there_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o cleanse_n and_o clear_v sometime_o the_o one_o half_a thereof_o also_o great_a quantity_n of_o scarlet-grain_n and_o powder_n of_o grain_n gather_v in_o the_o heath_n and_o field_n by_o the_o poor_a people_n and_o bring_v by_o they_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o their_o territory_n from_o the_o month_n of_o may_n to_o the_o month_n of_o august_n and_o be_v worth_a green_a about_o 5_o in_o 6_o l._n tur_fw-la per_fw-la l_o but_o be_v dry_v diminish_v at_o least_o ⅔_n thereof_o also_o almond_n be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n find_v grow_v gather_v in_o september_n and_o october_n call_v as_o be_v before_o note_v provence_n almond_n for_o distinction_n sake_n and_o be_v common_o worth_a from_o 12_o to_o 15_o crown_n the_o cargo_n also_o here_o be_v yellow_a wax_n in_o good_a quantity_n buy_v in_o october_n and_o november_n worth_n common_o from_o 40_o to_o 50_o l._n per_fw-la cent_n also_o here_o be_v honey_n buy_v in_o november_n and_o december_n worth_n common_o about_o 22_o in_o 23_o cro_n the_o cantar_n beside_o which_o here_o be_v many_o bed-coverlets_a and_o waistcoat_n make_v and_o quilt_v of_o satin_n taffata_n and_o callico_n and_o hence_o disperse_v into_o several_a country_n to_o conclude_v there_o may_v be_v lade_v in_o thollon_n marsclia_n and_o general_o throughout_o all_o provence_n from_o 1500_o to_o 2000_o tun_n of_o oil_n yearly_a about_o 400_o quintal_n of_o almond_n about_o 1800_o to_o 2000_o quintal_n of_o wool_n about_o 200_o quintal_n of_o honey_n and_o but_o little_a wax_n as_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n spend_v in_o their_o own_o country_n principal_o in_o their_o church_n provence_n custom_n pay_v in_o provence_n the_o custom_n upon_o all_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n pay_v in_o the_o exportation_n but_o a_o small_a acknowledgement_n but_o all_o other_o commodity_n pay_v 5_o per_fw-la cent_n but_o for_o spice_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o the_o levant_n there_o be_v late_o place_v thereon_o throughout_o all_o provence_n a_o custom_n of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o thollon_n chap._n cxxxi_o of_o marselia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o marselia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o principal_a seat_n of_o trade_n in_o provence_n be_v marselia_n famous_a for_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n and_o for_o the_o commerce_n that_o it_o maintain_v with_o turkey_n barbary_n spain_n france_n italy_n flanders_n and_o england_n it_o be_v commodious_o situate_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n enjoy_v a_o excellent_a haven_n and_o a_o reasonable_a road_n for_o ship_n of_o all_o sort_n it_o want_v to_o make_v it_o a_o perfect_a course_n for_o exchange_n which_o here_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o current_n of_o lion_n and_o govern_v only_o thereby_o to_o which_o place_n each_o fair_a some_o partidoe_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o other_o place_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o interest_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o next_o succeed_v fair_a there_o it_o vent_v from_o england_n some_o bays_n clothes_n lead_v and_o tin_n pilchars_n herring_n white_a and_o red_a and_o yearly_a about_o 2000_o in_o 3000_o tun_n of_o newland-fish_n which_o the_o english_a bring_v thither_o and_o they_o also_o supply_v it_o with_o muscovia_n commodity_n as_o african_a hide_n above_o ten_o thousand_o pair_n yearly_a tallow_n 2000_o quintal_n wax_v 1000_o quintal_n beside_o other_o commodity_n of_o england_n as_o calve-skin_n hide_n salmon_n and_o some_o fish_n it_o afford_v not_o any_o commodity_n to_o be_v send_v abroad_o save_o some_o oil_n wine_n wool_n almond_n and_o verdigreece_n and_o all_o other_o be_v hither_o import_v from_o other_o country_n as_o such_o as_o alexandria_n aleppo_n acria_n constantinople_n naples_n ●…gorn_n or_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n do_v yield_v the_o main_a support_n of_o their_o trade_n be_v the_o plenty_n of_o spanish_a rial_n and_o the_o licence_n here_o for_o exportation_n which_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n whereby_o the_o trade_n of_o turkey_n be_v preserve_v to_o they_o for_o from_o hence_o i_o have_v see_v 100_o thousand_o rial_n of_o ●_o ship●_n public_o upon_o a_o small_a vessel_n of_o 160_o tun_n for_o scanderoone_a which_o have_v be_v thence_o return_v in_o rich_a silk_n drug_n and_o spice_n but_o of_o late_a day_n their_o success_n in_o trade_n have_v prove_v so_o bad_a and_o their_o loss_n by_o pirate_n so_o great_a and_o so_o many_o that_o the_o town_n and_o merchant_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o their_o former_a splendour_n and_o same_o their_o great_a vessel_n be_v now_o become_v small_a bark_n and_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o lion_n paris_n lymoges_n taure_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n who_o have_v here_o their_o factor_n for_o to_o continue_v this_o trade_n have_v recall_v they_o after_o the_o sustentation_n of_o great_a losse●_n the_o payment_n of_o great_a sum_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o ambassador_n in_o constantinople_n and_o especial_o the_o late_a inhansement_n of_o their_o money_n which_o be_v the_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v of_o all_o c●…merce_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o place_n i_o reside_v for_o some_o year_n and_o therefore_o will_v note_v brief_o what_o i_o observe_v needful_a to_o my_o present_a subject_n marselia_n coin_n in_o marselia_n the_o money_n current_n and_o the_o account_n keep_v accord_n in_o all_o particular_n with_o paris_n sometime_o alteration_n be_v find_v in_o coin_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n and_o that_o because_o both_o italian_a and_o spanish_a coin_n be_v here_o current_a these_o become_v sometime_o a_o merchandise_n and_o be_v request_v and_o inhanse_v according_a as_o occasion_n for_o transportation_n do_v require_v which_o be_v more_o in_o winter_n that_o in_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a voyage_n make_v into_o turkey_n from_o september_n to_o match_n and_o common_o not_o after_o marselia_n weight_n in_o marselia_n the_o pound_n of_o marselia_n be_v 16_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n be_v the_o quintal_n 300_o l._n or_o three_o quintal_n make_v with_o they_o a_o cargo_n the_o 100_o l._n in_o marselia_n have_v be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o city_n follow_v in_o london_n 88½_n l._n venetia_n sotile_a 134_o l._n venetia_n grow_v 84¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 50_o l._n lisbon_n 79_o l._n florence_n 114_o l._n anvers_n 86_o l._n lion_n 95_o l._n sevil_n 88_o l._n malaga_n 24_o rove_n dantzick_n 104_o l._n aleppo_n 18½_n r._n ditto_n silk_n 19¾_n  _fw-fr tripoli_n 211_o  _fw-fr ditto_n barbar_n 762_o  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 175_o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 416_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la 1110_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 745_o  _fw-fr acria_n 146½_n  _fw-fr babylonia_n 125½_n m._n balsara_fw-it 36_o  _fw-fr place_n weight_n agree_v with_o other_o

turin_n the_o principal_a city_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n hold_v his_o court_n and_o residence_n and_o because_o in_o these_o latter_a year_n of_o war_n between_o england_n and_o france_n our_o english_a factor_n from_o marselia_n flee_v hither_o for_o succour_n entertainment_n and_o protection_n which_o they_o bountiful_o have_v of_o the_o late_a duke_n i_o must_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o trade_n thereof_o without_o remembrance_n nor_o be_v unmindful_a of_o that_o bounteous_a welcome_n they_o find_v at_o his_o highness_n hand_n chap._n cxxxiv_o of_o turin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o turin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o turin_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o piedmont_n have_v nisa_n and_o villa-franca_n for_o seaport_n have_v have_v many_o furtherance_n to_o make_v it_o a_o great_a city_n of_o traffic_n for_o the_o duke_n at_o several_a time_n but_o last_o at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o english_a hither_o from_o marselia_n make_v a_o cavidal_a or_o stock_n for_o trade_n of_o 300000_o crown_n wherein_o he_o cause_v many_o of_o his_o noble_n to_o enter_v and_o become_v partner_n but_o when_o the_o stock_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v in_o england_n and_o in_o other_o country_n this_o dukedom_n be_v not_o find_v to_o give_v vent_n to_o any_o commodity_n of_o consequence_n some_o fish_n and_o calve-skin_n except_v wherewith_o to_o invest_v the_o say_a stock_n notwithstanding_o he_o give_v commandment_n that_o the_o english_a shall_v be_v kind_o entertain_v both_o at_o nisa_n and_o villa-franca_n and_o appoint_v certain_a lodging_n and_o warehouse_n for_o they_o and_o their_o ware_n but_o peace_n ensue_v short_o after_o with_o france_n the_o factor_n again_o return_v to_o marselia_n with_o due_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o royal_a entertainment_n the_o main_a obstacle_n in_o trade_n here_o be_v the_o too_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o genoa_n the_o rich_a and_o of_o legorn_a the_o free_a which_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o town_n former_o mention_v can_v equalise_v savoy_n coin_n of_o savoy_n the_o money_n common_o current_a in_o savoy_n be_v the_o money_n of_o italy_n and_o france_n as_o neighbour_a and_o the_o florin_n of_o the_o country_n account_v three_o sold._n turnois_n which_o be_v 3½_n d._n english_a their_o 100_o l._n make_v in_o london_n about_o 82_o l._n and_o 77_o l._n in_o lion_n and_o in_o venetia_n gross_a 66._o in_o 67_o l._n in_o florence_n or_o pisa_n 135_o l._n savoy_n account_n in_o savoy_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n as_o in_o france_n but_o in_o nisa_n they_o account_v by_o florin_n and_o gross_v a_o crown_n of_o sold._n of_o france_n be_v 4_o flor_n 2_o gross_a their_o measure_n be_v a_o ras_n both_o of_o cloth_n and_o silk_n which_o be_v half_a a_o auln_v of_o lion_n and_o 23_o inch_n english_a by_o the_o rule_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n rice_n and_o corn_n in_o abundance_n and_o some_o silk_n wrought_v here_o and_o some_o other_o commodity_n but_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n nor_o worthy_a mention_v therefore_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o treat_v further_o of_o this_o dukedom_n and_o end_v my_o french_a commerce_n l._n weight_n of_o france_n reduce_v to_o london_n 100_o l._n before_o i_o leave_v france_n and_o therewith_o savoy_n who_o do_v in_o all_o thing_n partake_v with_o the_o garb_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o french_a and_o till_o i_o enter_v into_o italy_n have_v thus_o survey_v some_o particular_a town_n of_o eminency_n therein_o it_o will_v be_v worthy_a notice_n to_o collect_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v omit_v and_o so_o view_v the_o general_a trade_n of_o france_n which_o i_o will_v begin_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o reduce_v the_o same_o to_o the_o 100_o l._n subtle_a of_o london_n which_o be_v observe_v the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n have_v make_v in_o paris_n by_o kings-beam_n 89_o l._n diep_n  _fw-fr 91_o  _fw-fr burgoin_fw-fr  _fw-fr 91_o  _fw-fr rouen_n by_o viscount_n 88_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr by_o ordinary_a weight_n 92_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr weigh_n by_o the_o same_o and_o account_v 4_o l._n per_fw-la cent_n over_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr avignion_n  _fw-fr 312_o l._n calais_n  _fw-fr 107_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr by_o merchant_n weight_n 88_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr english_a wool_n weight_n 110_o  _fw-fr marselia_n  _fw-fr 112_o  _fw-fr aquimort_n  _fw-fr 98_o  _fw-fr mirabel_n  _fw-fr 98_o  _fw-fr abbeville_n  _fw-fr 91_o  _fw-fr bourdeaux_n  _fw-fr 91_o  _fw-fr lion_n by_o ordinary_a weight_n 107_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr by_o silk-weight_n 98_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr by_o customer_n weight_n 90_o  _fw-fr tholouse_n  _fw-fr 112_o  _fw-fr montpelier_n  _fw-fr 112_o  _fw-fr rochel_n  _fw-fr 112_o  _fw-fr ditto_n by_o small_a weight_n 115_o  _fw-fr genoa_n  _fw-fr 98_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr by_o great_a weight_n 82_o  _fw-fr s._n anthony_n  _fw-fr 123_o  _fw-fr calsada_n  _fw-fr 98_o  _fw-fr for_o further_a instruction_n here_o i_o may_v refer_v the_o ingenious_a to_o the_o large_a work_n of_o monsieur_n sau●na_n who_o have_v comprise_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o france_n into_o a_o volume_n of_o too_o great_a a_o bu●k_n for_o i_o to_o peruse_v it_o more_o accurate_o london_n measure_n of_o france_n reduce_v to_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o abbreviate_v my_o labour_n you_o will_v see_v that_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n make_v in_o these_o town_n follow_v in_o roven_n 77½_n aulns_n avignion_n 80_o  _fw-fr orleans_n 48_o cane_n marselia_n silk_n 48_o  _fw-fr ditto_n for_o woollen_a 44¼_n  _fw-fr paris_n rochel_n 78_o auln_n lion_n for_o linen_n 80_o  _fw-fr ditto_n for_o silk_n 115_o aulns_n provence_n 48_o cane_n geneva_n 80_o stab_n nants_n abbeville_n 110_o auln_n and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o be_v find_v through_o all_o france_n the_o abovesaid_a place_n only_o except_v chap._n cxxxv_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o france_n france_n the_o general_a trade_n of_o france_n from_o the_o particular_a trade_n of_o the_o city_n of_o france_n let_v we_o view_v the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v it_o of_o any_o great_a consequence_n for_o here_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o gentleman_n do_v not_o meddle_v with_o traffic_n because_o they_o think_v such_o traffic_n ignoble_a and_o base_a and_o so_o unfit_a for_o they_o which_o error_n the_o french_a no_o less_o dear_o buy_v than_o do_v some_o english_a to_o which_o kingdom_n of_o late_a day_n they_o have_v in_o some_o sort_n blow_v over_o that_o opinion_n though_o some_o of_o the_o better_a judgement_n of_o england_n be_v reform_v in_o that_o point_n and_o find_v it_o a_o most_o worthy_a excellent_a and_o profitable_a call_v but_o as_o the_o french_a be_v find_v to_o neglect_v merchandize_v so_o a●…_n they_o less_o studious_a in_o their_o navigation_n than_o their_o neighbour_n either_o spaniard_n dutch_n or_o english_a which_o i_o imagine_v proceed_v not_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o attempt_v or_o courage_n to_o perform_v but_o because_o they_o abound_v with_o all_o thing_n both_o for_o plentiful_a food_n and_o rich_a attire_n and_o if_o they_o want_v any_o thing_n stranger_n glad_o bring_v it_o to_o they_o allure_v by_o four_o principal_a commodity_n which_o do_v much_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v wine_n linen_n salt_n and_o corn_n be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o marselians_n trade_n and_o navigate_v in_o egypt_n aleppo_n and_o constantinople_n and_o the_o norman_n and_o britain_n into_o england_n spain_n ireland_n and_o netherlands_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o have_v also_o some_o small_a vessel_n at_o sea_n more_o fit_a for_o piracy_n and_o theft_n than_o for_o any_o great_a war_n of_o moment_n and_o their_o success_n have_v be_v so_o ill_o in_o their_o colony_n in_o america_n that_o it_o have_v quite_o dishearten_v they_o from_o second_v their_o attempt_n three_o city_n here_o carry_v the_o great_a fame_n in_o trade_n marselia_n for_o the_o levant_n roven_n for_o the_o english_a channel_n and_o rochel_n for_o he_o ocean_n this_o last_o subsist_v by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o white_a and_o claret_n wine_n of_o bourdeaux_n rouen_n by_o their_o petty_a manufacture_n of_o card_n pin_n comb_n paper_n and_o canvas_n and_o marselia_n by_o the_o trade_n of_o turkey_n wherein_o be_v find_v factor_n that_o do_v employ_v the_o estate_n of_o many_o merchant_n resident_a within_o lion_n and_o other_o inland_n town_n of_o france_n which_o give_v life_n to_o most_o of_o their_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n in_o these_o part_n now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o england_n bring_v they_o newland_n fish_n herring_n pilcher_n lead_v tin_n clothes_n kersey_n cotton_n or_o f●…zes_n and_o have_v in_o return_n wine_n from_o bourdeaux_n oil_n and_o almond_n from_o marselia_n and_o pepper_n canvas_n buckram_n from_o roven_n and_o locrams_n from_o morlais_n the_o

law_n it_o be_v seat_v within_o land_n and_o be_v well_o know_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n and_o have_v those_o money_n current_n that_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n stamp_n as_o i_o shall_v declare_v in_o rome_n bologna_n account_n in_o bologna_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o liver_n the_o liver_n may_v be_v account_v to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 13½_n d._n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o duccatons_n sols_n and_o denier_n cast_v up_o by_o 12_o and_o by_o 20_o as_o above_o be_v say_v bologna_n weight_n of_o bologna_n their_o weight_n common_a in_o use_n be_v these_o their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 80_o l._n rome_n 100_o  _fw-fr milan_n 106_o  _fw-fr florence_n 104_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr lion_n 77_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sot_n 120_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gr_fw-fr 75_o  _fw-fr 1000_o l._n in_o bologna_n have_v give_v in_o venetia_n subtle_a 1320_o l._n gross_a 750_o l._n so_o that_o the_o 1_o l._n have_v render_v their_o gross_a 9_o ounce_n subtle_a 14_o ounce_n 2½_n sach_n bologna_n measure_n in_o bologna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 25_o inch_n english_a 100_o brace_n here_o have_v make_v in_o venetia_n cloth-measure_n 96_o brace_n and_o of_o silk_n 90_o brace_n corn._n corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o corbe_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 92_o staios_n in_o venetia_n and_o 100_o corbes_n in_o wine_n make_v amfora_n venetiana_fw-la 12_o and_o 2_o quarter_n and_o in_o dry_a measure_n 17_o quarter_n and_o in_o london_n gallon_n bologna_n commodity_n of_o bologna_n from_o hence_o be_v accustom_v to_o come_v to_o other_o part_n corn_n almond_n oil_n raw_a silk_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o wrought_a satin_n taffetaes_n and_o other_o call_v hence_o bologna_n silk_n and_o of_o bologna_n make_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o place_n here_o be_v find_v many_o eminent_a exchange_n the_o course_n of_o which_o exchange_v you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n here_o practise_v vide_fw-la chapter_n 296._o chap._n cxliv_o of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ferrara_n be_v the_o next_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o circuit_n famous_a for_o the_o iron_n mine_n about_o it_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n po_n and_o account_v one_o of_o the_o pleasant_a city_n in_o italy_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o be_v a_o fair_a green_n into_o which_o open_a about_o twenty_o street_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o so_o even_a and_o uniform_a that_o thence_o the_o utmost_a end_n thereof_o may_v be_v discern_v it_o afford_v wine_n oil_n olive_n iron_n steel_n and_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n the_o money_n be_v as_o at_o rome_n to_o which_o this_o city_n appertain_v admit_v but_o of_o very_a little_a difference_n in_o the_o rate_n current_n thereof_o ferrara_n weight_n of_o ferrara_n the_o quintal_n of_o ferrara_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v venetia_n sot_n 112½_n l._n and_o venetia_n gr_n 72_o l._n in_o london_n incirca_fw-la 75_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n sutt_n venice_n make_v here_o 87_o l._n and_o the_o 100_o l._n gr_n 138_o l._n ferrara_n measure_n of_o ferrara_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n make_v in_o london_n 72_o yard_n their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o mastello_n 11_o whereof_z make_v a_o amfora_n of_o venetia_n and_o be_v in_o england_n vide_fw-la london_n their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o stare_v make_v in_o venetia_n 37_o star_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cxlv_o of_o modena_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o modena_n modena_n modena_n be_v the_o next_o city_n seat_v in_o this_o tract_n yield_v many_o fabric_n of_o silk_n which_o it_o disperse_v to_o its_o neighbour_a to_n modena_n account_n in_o modena_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sold_n denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr modena_n weight_n in_o modena_n their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o render_v in_o lion_n 77_o l._n london_n 72_o l._n venetia_n sotile_a 109_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n florence_n 98_o l._n modena_n measure_n in_o modena_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o same_o as_o in_o mantua_n and_o 1_o per_fw-la cent._n long_o than_o the_o brace_n of_o ferr●ra_n and_o by_o observation_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 118_o in_o florence_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o staro_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 93_o or_o 94_o stare_v in_o venetia_n and_o one_o staio_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 2½_n staios_n in_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n three_o quart_n and_o six_o quarterol_n chap._n cxlvi_o of_o rimno_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rimno_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rimno_fw-la ancient_o ariminum_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n rubicon_n afford_v much_o silk_n which_o it_o partly_o send_v abroad_o and_o partly_o convert_v here_o into_o stuff_n also_o some_o wine_n oil_n corn_n the_o coin_n current_a as_o in_o rome_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o papacy_n and_o the_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o their_o same_o denomination_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n be_v the_o 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 81_o l._n and_o some_o have_v make_v experience_n that_o it_o make_v in_o venice_n gross_a 76._o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n and_o be_v in_o london_n 27_o inch_n bare_a their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o make_v 210_o in_o venetia_n and_o their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o some_o which_o make_v in_o london_n 10_o gallon_n chap._n cxlvii_o of_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ravenna_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o once_o beautify_v with_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a hau●…_n in_o the_o world_n where_o augustus_n caesar_n always_o keep_v a_o navy_n mane_v to_o defend_v these_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o choke_v up_o with_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o venetia_n which_o senator_n have_v as_o well_o follow_v mercury_n by_o merchandize_v as_o mars_n by_o arm_n keep_v this_o city_n from_o any_o notable_a commerce_n yet_o i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v hereupon_o both_o in_o matter_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n ravenna_n weight_n of_o ravenna_n the_o quintal_n of_o ravenna_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o give_v venetia_n sotile_a 118_o l._n in_o london_n 78_o l._n and_o the_o gross_a 100_o l._n of_o venetia_n make_v here_o 133_o l._n ravenna_n measure_n of_o ravenna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 112_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 106._o corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o stare_v 100_o whereof_o make_v in_o venice_n 66⅔_n staio_n so_o that_o 3_o staros_n rave●…_n have_v make_v the_o two_o staios_n of_o venetia_n and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o romandiola_n loretto_n loretto_n the_o next_o province_n be_v marco_n anconitana_n wherein_o be_v famous_a first_o loretto_n for_o the_o pilmmage_n to_o our_o lady_n church_n bring_v hither_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v it_o through_o the_o air_n from_o palest●_n whereunto_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o superstitious_a papist_n next_o be_v adria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o sea_n next_o recanti_fw-la and_o ancona_n two_o fair_a city_n and_o of_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n of_o which_o first_o chap._n cxlviii_o of_o recanti_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o istria_n recanti_fw-la in_o istria_n recanti_fw-la olim_fw-la aelia_n recina_fw-la as_o some_o author_n allege_v be_v a_o fair_a city_n afford_v corn_n oil_n and_o some_o silk_n for_o merchandise_n weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v 100_o l._n give_v in_o london_n 75_o l._n and_o in_o florence_n 96½_n l._n in_o venetia_n sotile_v 112_o l._n in_o venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 94_o whereof_o make_v venetia_n brace_n 100_o l._n oil_n be_v sell_v here_o by_o the_o miare_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o in_o venetia_n chap._n cxlix_o of_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ancona_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o hill_n cinerius_fw-la which_o shoot_v into_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n like_o a_o promontory_n have_v a_o commodious_a haven_n build_v by_o trajanus_n the_o emperor_n it_o be_v fruitful_a as_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o country_n afford_v principal_o corn_n wine_n and_o oil_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n of_o ancona_n be_v

florence_n the_o coin_n current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o picol_n the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n or_o 70_o bolognini_n the_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7½_n livre_n in_o picholi_fw-la whereas_o the_o custom_n be_v different_a from_o other_o country_n wherein_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v any_o constant_a rate_n with_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n and_o be_v adjust_v therewith_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n the_o livre_fw-fr be_v 20_o sold_n and_o account_v to_o be_v 9_o d._n sterling_a the_o ducat_n be_v 7_o livre_n be_v account_v there_o 5_o s._n 3_o d._n sterling_a the_o seudo_fw-la or_o crown_n of_o 7½_n liures_fw-fr be_v consequent_o 5_o s._n 7½_n sterling_a the_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o divide_v to_o 12_o crache_n whereof_o 8_o be_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_a 5_o quatrin_n be_v a_o crach_n and_o 60_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr florence_n weight_n of_o florence_n divers_a observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v 100_o l._n or_o quintel_n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n the_o most_o note_a i_o will_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o truth_n to_o he_o that_o have_v a_o cause_n of_o trial_n because_o i_o have_v receive_v they_o upon_o trust_n the_o 100_o l._n then_o have_v be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o place_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o florence_n have_v render_v in_o anvers_n 73_o l._n lion_n 76_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 88_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 114_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 71_o  _fw-fr sienna_n 103_o  _fw-fr pulia_n 104_o  _fw-fr lucca_n 102_o  _fw-fr bologna_n 95_o  _fw-fr farrara_n 101_o  _fw-fr milan_n 117_o  _fw-fr milan_n 103_o  _fw-fr cremona_n 113_o  _fw-fr roma_n 98_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 108_o  _fw-fr marselia_n 91_o  _fw-fr barcelona_n 71_o  _fw-fr valentia_n 96_o  _fw-fr granado_n 66_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 75_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 92_o  _fw-fr paris_n subtle_a 90_o  _fw-fr paris_n gross_a 112_o  _fw-fr brussia_n 78_o  _fw-fr london_n 78_o  _fw-fr ancona_n 98_o  _fw-fr majorca_n 92_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n sotile_fw-fr rot._n 44_o  _fw-fr and_o gross_a r._n 48_o  _fw-fr tunis_n 100_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n r._n 15¾_n r._n ditto_n silk_n 16¾_n  _fw-fr tripoli_n soria_n 19_o  _fw-fr ditto_n barbaria_n 67¾_n  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 152_o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 162_o  _fw-fr alex._n forfori_n 81_o 6_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la and_o smyrna_n 71_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 64_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 14_o 3_o  _fw-fr acria_n 12_o 8_o  _fw-fr babylonia_n 10_o 10_o  _fw-fr balsara_n 500½_n m._n ormus_n 75_o 10_o  _fw-fr florence_n measure_n of_o florence_n asdruball_n of_o weight_n former_o compare_v so_o do_v i_o find_v the_o brace_n of_o this_o place_n whereby_o all_o commodity_n be_v measure_v and_o upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o florence_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o make_v the_o cane_n be_v 4_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n be_v in_o london_n 49_o ell_n anvers_n 81_o  _fw-fr frankford_n 102_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 67_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 71_o  _fw-fr lion_n 49_o  _fw-fr paris_n 46_o aulns_n roven_n 42_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 49_o vares_n sevil_n 24_o  _fw-fr madera_n 50_o  _fw-fr venice_n 88_o brace_n lucca_n 97_o  _fw-fr milan_n 112_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 235_o  _fw-fr note_n that_o all_o wrought_a silk_n be_v here_o buy_v by_o the_o pound_n weight_n and_o not_o by_o the_o cane_n no●_n brace_n abovementioned_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cogno_fw-it which_o be_v 10_o barrel_n and_o 1_o barrel_n be_v 40_o metadel_n or_o 20_o bottle_n or_o flask_n each_o bottle_n be_v 2_o metadel_n the_o barrel_n be_v to_o weigh_v 120_o l._n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o orcio_n which_o be_v a_o barrel_n and_o contain_v 32_o metadel_n which_o ought_v to_o weigh_v 85_o l._n corn._n of_o corn._n grain_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o moggio_n and_o be_v staio_n 24_o and_o the_o staio_n be_v 50_o l._n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o staio_n which_o weigh_v 72_o l._n florence_n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n the_o agreement_n of_o the_o staio_n of_o corn_n i_o find_v thus_o compute_v with_o other_o city_n staios_n 3¾_n of_o corn_n in_o florence_n be_v 1_o sache_n of_o venetia_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n make_v 1_o sache_n in_o pisa_n staios_n 2⅘_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o plombino_n 1_o staio_n staios_n 8¾_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o rome_n 1_o rotulo_n staios_n 10½_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o palermo_n a_o general_a salmo_n staios_n 13_o in_o florence_n make_v in_o misnia_n a_o gross_a salmo_n staios_n 1½_n in_o florennce_n be_v in_o naples_n 1_o tomolo_fw-la 16_o tom._n be_v a_o salm._n there_o staios_n 6½_n in_o florence_n be_v in_o ancona_n 1_o somo_n of_o corn._n moggio_n 1_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o arles_n 10½_n sesterce_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o marselia_n 2_o mine_n staios_n 60_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o britain_n a_o tun_n of_o corn._n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o florence_n because_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o accord_v other_o city_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o to_o make_v this_o the_o more_o absolute_a i_o have_v add_v the_o follow_a concordancy_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o this_o place_n with_o other_o country_n follow_v which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v for_o due_a trial_n chap._n clxi_o of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o several_a city_n in_o italy_n with_o other_o city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n etc._n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n in_o sundry_a city_n of_o italy_n etc._n etc._n now_o forasmuch_o as_o i_o find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o accord_v so_o many_o city_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n salt_n wine_n etc._n etc._n i_o will_v here_o add_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v therein_o which_o proper_o may_v best_o follow_v the_o precede_a agreement_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n first_o then_o a_o mine_n of_o corn_n in_o avignon_n be_v 1_o staio_n of_o pisa_n a_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v 8_o staios_n of_o florence_n which_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v there_o account_v 6_o buccet_n a_o quarter_n of_o england_n be_v 11_o staios_n of_o florence_n a_o moggio_n of_o grain_n in_o florence_n be_v 3_o annes_n in_o lion_n which_o moggio_n be_v account_v 10_o sesterce_n there_o and_o the_o same_o in_o provence_n alquier_n 104_o of_o portugal_n be_v 40_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o muy_fw-es of_o orleans_n and_o 12_o in_o 13_o mine_n make_v 13_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n either_o in_o picardy_n or_o normandy_n to_o be_v lade_v aboard_o their_o ship_n be_v 16_o mine_n which_o be_v 2⅔_n in_o moggios_n which_o be_v 24_o mine_n and_o the_o 24_o mine_n there_o be_v 3⅓_n moggio_n of_o florence_n and_o 1_o mine_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v 3½_n staios_n incirca_fw-la of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o corn_n lade_v in_o britain_n be_v account_v to_o hold_v and_o make_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o fanega_n in_o calais_n be_v 2⅛_n staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o salmo_n general_a of_o sicilia_n be_v in_o portugal_n alquier_v 22½_n the_o say_v salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 11¼_n staios_n in_o florence_n the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 17_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o general_n the_o salmo_n of_o calabria_n be_v 6_o tumelle_n of_o naples_n the_o tomolo_fw-la of_o naples_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o carro_n of_o apulia_n be_v 3_o moggio_n of_o florence_n alquier_v 4½_n of_o lisbon_n be_v 1_o fanega_n in_o andalusia_n 1_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n and_o a_o little_a more_o so_o that_o the_o staio_n of_o florence_n may_v be_v account_v the_o fanaga_n and_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n 2⅙_n staio_n one_o moggio_n of_o florence_n make_v in_o arles_n 4⅓_n sesterce_n and_o in_o marselia_n do_v make_v 2_o sesterce_n the_o staio_n of_o venice_n come_v to_o make_v one_o sack_n of_o pica_n or_o little_o less_o the_o mine_n of_o corn_n of_o genova_n be_v 4½_n staio_n of_o florence_n the_o sesterce_n 5_o of_o grain_n in_o avignon_n be_v one_o salmo_n of_o sicilia_n a_o car_n of_o corn_n in_o milan_n be_v in_o calais_n 34½_n fanega_n and_o make_v in_o lisbon_n 145_o alquier_n of_o 36_o tomolos_n of_o naples_n the_o carro_n the_o 500_o retibe_n of_o corn_n in_o alexandria_n be_v in_o leghorn_n 1090_o sack_n the_o staio_n 63_o of_o corn_n of_o ferrara_n make_v just_o a_o carro_n and_o this_o carro_n make_v in_o constantinople_n 57_o cassise_n the_o retibe_n of_o alexandria_n be_v in_o legborn_n 6⅕_n staios_n the_o cill●a_n of_o chavella_n be_v 3_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n in_o britain_n be_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o cassise_n of_o corn_n in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n be_v ⅔_n of_o a_o general_a

chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n ●0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o

or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101⅞_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98⅔_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101⅔_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1⅔_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o a●…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3⅓_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v

able_a with_o wind_n and_o oar_n to_o break_v through_o they_o and_o the_o country_n be_v the_o pleasant_a of_o all_o denmark_n blesida_n blesida_n in_o blesida_n be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o malmogia_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o colmar_n against_o the_o sweedlande●_n the_o principal_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v contain_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o elsinour_n therefore_o under_o the_o title_n of_o these_o two_o i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n ccxi_o of_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o copenhagen_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o winter_n and_o may_v be_v interpret_v the_o merchant_n haven_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n or_o castle_n which_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o the_o haven_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o the_o city_n be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n afford_v little_a beauty_n as_o be_v but_o mean_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o clay_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o stone_n here_o be_v find_v some_o merchant_n yet_o for_o the_o mostipart_n of_o no_o great_a eminence_n for_o the_o country_n afford_v no_o rich_a commodity_n that_o may_v allure_v other_o thither_o or_o serve_v to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o region_n whereby_o a_o gain_n may_v be_v expect_v copenhagen_n the_o coin_n of_o copenhagen_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n common_o current_n be_v the_o dollar_n and_o shilling_n two_o danish_n shilling_n make_v one_o lubeck_n shilling_n and_o 66_o danish_a shilling_n account_v for_o a_o rix_n dollar_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterling_a denmark_n account_n in_o denmark_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o mark_n of_o 16_o shilling_n danish_n their_o exchange_n be_v here_o practise_v by_o the_o rix_n dollar_n above_o mention_v the_o common_a current_a coin_n of_o these_o country_n etc._n measure_n and_o weight_n etc._n etc._n their_o measure_n and_o weight_n i_o will_v brief_o observe_v by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o hasten_v to_o elsinour_n chap._n ccxii_o of_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elsinour_n of_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a village_n but_o much_o frequent_v by_o seaman_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o neighbourhood_n to_o that_o straight_a sea_n call_v the_o sound_n where_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lay_v so_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v out_o or_o go_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o this_o sole_a profit_n surpass_v far_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a castle_n of_o cronburg_n lie_v in_o this_o village_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o straight_a to_o which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o narrow_a sea_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n another_o castle_n be_v opposite_a call_v elsburg_n which_o two_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o this_o straight_a that_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v in_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n without_o their_o leave_n and_o consequent_o without_o due_a payment_n of_o this_o imposition_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o cronburg_n castle_n be_v the_o large_a road_n for_o ship_n towards_o the_o baltic_a sea_n where_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o lodging_n which_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v a_o delectable_a prospect_n to_o all_o man_n but_o especial_o to_o he_o for_o ship_n go_v in_o and_o out_o here_o by_o fleet_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o he_o be_v certain_a that_o none_o do_v pass_v either_o way_n but_o according_a to_o their_o burden_n and_o load_n add_v somewhat_o to_o his_o treasury_n the_o haven_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a fleet_n for_o it_o have_v cronburg_n castle_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o castle_n of_o elsburg_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o seeland_n the_o chief_a island_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o the_o island_n fimeria_n or_o whern_n on_o the_o south_n side_n in_o which_o i_o note_v before_o that_o tycho_n brahe_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n have_v his_o residence_n the_o dane_n conceive_v this_o island_n to_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o they_o have_v a_o fable_n that_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n offer_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o as_o much_o scarlet_a cloth_n as_o will_v cover_v the_o same_o with_o a_o rose_n noble_a at_o the_o corner_n of_o each_o cloth_n if_o any_o such_o offer_n be_v make_v doubtless_o the_o wildom_o and_o judgement_n of_o that_o prince_n know_v how_o to_o make_v that_o island_n be_v fortify_v peradventure_o to_o return_v he_o his_o charge_n again_o with_o good_a interest_n but_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o can_v benefit_v a_o foreign_a prince_n whole_a territory_n h_v out_o of_o the_o sound_n by_o which_o he_o must_v needs_o enter_v those_o before_o mention_v castle_n command_v the_o entrance_n though_o it_o may_v prove_v more_o beneficial_a to_o some_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o to_o who_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a for_o passage_n chap._n ccxiii_o weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o that_o of_o london_n denmark_n weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n now_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o kingdom_n they_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v in_o many_o place_n so_o many_o as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v reduce_v to_o the_o subtle_a hundred_o of_o london_n which_o subtle_a hundred_o be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o city_n of_o traffic_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr l._n aldar_n 87_o copping_n ham_n 92_o cracou_n 119_o dantzick_n 116_o hamburg_n 92_o wild_a 116_o elsinour_n 92_o lubeck_n 92_o melvin_n 120_o revel_v 116_o rhiga_n 116_o stacar_n 108_o stralsont_v 88_o bergen_n norway_n 92_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o general_o in_o copenhagen_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o denmark_n they_o hare_n a_o great_a and_o small_a hundred_o one_o of_o 112_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o another_o of_o 120_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o account_v twelve_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n also_o they_o have_v a_o skip-pound_n 32_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n the_o stone_n or_o 20_o lispound_n of_o 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o skip-pound_n and_o 20_o time_n 16_o pound_n be_v 320_o pound_n chap._n ccxiu_o measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o london_n denmark_n measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o their_o weight_n so_o i_o will_v proceed_v with_o their_o measure_n reduce_v then_o to_o the_o hundred_o yard_n english_a and_o make_v in_o  _fw-fr ells._n arsnis_fw-la 166⅔_n breme_n 162½_n breslow_n for_o cloth_n 148_o ditto_n for_o silk_n 160_o connixborough_n 166_o lubeck_n 160_o munster_n 80_o ockermond_n 141½_n revel_v 166_o rhostick_a 158⅓_n wismar_n 157¾_n dantzick_n 162½_n doinin_n 163_o embden_n 163_o gripswould_n 163_o hamburg_n 163_o melvin_n 162_o narva_n 166_o ossenbrigh_n 84_o rhiga_fw-la 166_o statin_a 141½_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n whereto_o i_o have_v add_v the_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o the_o adjoin_a eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n ccxv_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n to_o conclude_v the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n drive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o great_a their_o country_n partly_o not_o afford_v commodity_n for_o merchandise_n and_o their_o sea_n i_o mean_v principal_o the_o baltic_a not_o be_v for_o many_o month_n in_o the_o year_n navigable_a for_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v frugal_a in_o food_n and_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o addict_v either_o to_o silk_n or_o spice_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o other_o nation_n through_o the_o sound_n that_o furnish_v they_o with_o all_o necessary_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n less_o desirous_a to_o sail_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v the_o same_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n stockfish_n and_o other_o salt_v fish_n they_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o so_o also_o they_o do_v their_o ox_n and_o cattle_n in_o great_a quantity_n beside_o the_o commodity_n which_o the_o country_n do_v natural_o afford_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o country_n description_n neither_o have_v i_o hear_v any_o great_a fame_n of_o their_o navigation_n or_o mariner_n which_o principal_o sail_v northward_o and_o little_a to_o the_o southward_n though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o next_o to_o the_o english_a their_o vessel_n be_v the_o strong_a build_v to_o endure_v the_o blast_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n and_o the_o scorching_n of_o the_o warm_a region_n yet_o of_o late_a day_n i_o have_v understand_v they_o have_v undertake_v some_o new_a discovery_n and_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n

may_v be_v some_o benefit_n to_o a_o merchant_n for_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a loggerhead_n shall_v have_v consequent_o the_o large_a measure_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v a_o loop_n 23_o loop_n make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n in_o london_n chap._n ccxix_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o moscovia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n lituania_n and_o part_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o turk_n and_o palus_n m●…otis_n moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n fur_n of_o many_o sort_n flax_n hemp_n whales-grease_n honey_n wax_n canvas_n rope_n cable_n caviar_n astrican_a hide_n tallow_n raw-hides_a and_o bulgars_a moscovia_n famous_a river_n of_o moscovia_n the_o many_o river_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o this_o country_n do_v much_o further_a trade_n in_o general_a f●st_n tanais_n which_o disburthen_v itself_o into_o palus_n moeotis_n second_o dunia_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o scythian_a sea_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n where_o our_o english_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northern_a passage_n use_v to_o land_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n three_o boristhenes_n that_o enter_v into_o pontus_n euxinus_n four_o onega_n which_o open_v itself_o into_o the_o bal●…k_n sea_n and_o last_o volga_n which_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 70_o mouth_n disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a this_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o principal_a province_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v novograde_a novograde_a novogradia_n be_v first_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v novograde_a seat_v on_o the_o dunia_n and_o once_o one_o of_o the_o four_o ancient_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n now_o of_o late_a decay_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o new_a passage_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o river_n obye._n plescovia_n plescovia_n plescovia_n be_v the_o second_o wherein_o be_v the_o city_n plescove_n the_o only_o wall_a city_n in_o moscovia_n and_o yet_o of_o no_o great_a eminence_n veladomira_n veladomira_n valadomira_n be_v the_o next_o have_v also_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n rhesen_n rhesen_n rhesen_fw-mi be_v the_o four_o wonderful_a plenty_n in_o corn_n that_o neither_o can_v bird_n fly_v nor_o horse_n run_v through_o it_o for_o thickness_n the_o chief_a town_n rhesen_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o moscovia_n abound_v in_o grain_n honey_n fish_n and_o fowl_n without_o number_n servia_n servia_n servia_n be_v the_o five_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v staradab_n and_o pativola_n permia_n permia_n permia_n be_v the_o six_o the_o chief_a city_n ●s_v sickwiardley_n abound_v in_o stag_n candora_n candora_n candora_n be_v the_o seven_o petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-mi be_v the_o eight_o in_o both_o these_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o have_v for_o half_a the_o year_n together_o perpetual_a day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a perpetual_a night_n as_o situate_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a moscovia_n moscovia_n moscovia_n be_v the_o nine_o moscow_n moscow_n and_o so_o name_v of_o the_o principal_a city_n moscow_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n round_o have_v therein_o 16_o church_n of_o which_o the_o one_o half_a be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o dirt_n as_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o emperor_n palace_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o 3_o bulwark_n and_o 17_o turret_n continual_o guard_v with_o 25000_o soldier_n this_o be_v the_o most_o populous_a province_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n for_o it_o extend_v 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n smalensko_n smalensko_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o petty_a province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o smalensko_n than_o toropier_n next_o colopigrod_n landiskron_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n which_o i_o willing_o omit_v till_o my_o observation_n be_v better_a the_o trade_n of_o the_o english_a be_v begin_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n and_o basiliades_n king_n of_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n 1575._o and_o within_o 10_o year_n after_o it_o be_v perfect_o settle_v and_o because_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o small_a circuit_n in_o these_o vast_a dominion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o comprehend_v the_o same_o under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n moscow_n chap._n ccxx_o of_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mosco_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o large_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n some_o year_n pass_v repair_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o so_o large_a a_o empire_n as_o account_v the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n mosca_n run_v into_o tanais_n where_o it_o lose_v its_o name_n and_o pass_v assaw_n disgorge_v into_o the_o palus_n meotis_n and_o so_o into_o the_o euxinus_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_o it_o be_v esteem_v ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n then_o burn_v by_o the_o tartar_n wherein_o 80000_o person_n be_v consume_v and_o since_o reduce_v to_o five_o mile_n compass_n beautify_v with_o 16_o church_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o with_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n situate_a in_o the_o very_a heart_n thereof_o enrich_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o two_o river_n for_o use_n and_o ornament_n which_o water_n two_o strong_a fort_n that_o defend_v the_o place_n nicholas_n st._n nicholas_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dunia_n or_o obby_n the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o land_n and_o thence_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o smalensko_n novograde_a hither_o and_o into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n among_o who_o they_o find_v kind_a entertainment_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n have_v large_a immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o than_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n their_o traffic_v attribute_v to_o the_o never_o die_a fame_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n be_v here_o first_o settle_v and_o to_o the_o plausible_a behaviour_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o general_n moscovia_n account_n in_o moscovia_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o several_a manner_n some_o as_o the_o english_a by_o rubble_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n term_v they_o muskofkin_n 200_o whereof_o make_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v account_v two_o rix_n dollar_n some_o again_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n by_o rubble_n grevens_n and_o muskofkin_n or_o penny_n account_v 20_o penny_n to_o a_o greven_n and_o 10_o greven_n to_o a_o rubble_n which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n here_o this_o rubble_n be_v find_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o not_o real_a moscovia_n coin_n current_a in_o moscovia_n the_o current_a money_n here_o be_v a_o capeck_n in_o value_n a_o stiver_n flemish_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o as_o english_a penny_n for_o 10_o capeck_n be_v a_o greven_n which_o the_o english_a call_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a because_o that_o 10_o grevens_n be_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v 10_o shilling_n sterling_a three_o capeck_n they_o call_v a_o altine_n by_o which_o name_n all_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o bargain_v and_o contract_n 33_o altius_fw-la and_o 1_o capeck_n make_v a_o rubble_n archangel_n exchange_n of_o archangel_n at_o archangel_n be_v sound_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o russ_n money_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o the_o english_a sometime_o among_o themselves_o give_v 11_o shilling_n and_o 11_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a in_o england_n for_o the_o rubble_n here_o and_o the_o money_n common_o take_v there_o in_o august_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o december_n follow_v moscovia_n weight_n of_o moscovia_n the_o weight_n of_o moscovia_n common_a in_o use_n be_v the_o pood_n for_o fine_a good_n and_o the_o bercovet_n for_o gross_a good_n the_o one_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pood_n be_v weigh_v silk_n bever-wooll_n yeft_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v for_o 40_o l._n russ_n weight_n and_o 3_o pood_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n english_a which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v make_v 37⅓_n l._n averdupois_n and_o all_o good_n there_o buy_v by_o the_o pood_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n in_o england_n by_o the_o bercovet_n be_v weigh_v

a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n

of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n in_o general_a of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n five_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n five_o to_o make_v these_o table_n complete_a and_o the_o rule_n of_o these_o exchange_n to_o be_v true_o and_o right_o understand_v it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o all_o exchange_n have_v a_o settle_a rate_n and_o price_n by_o which_o the_o taker_n take_v and_o the_o giver_n by_o covenant_n give_v it_o so_o be_v there_o likewise_o a_o certain_a positive_a term_n and_o time_n limit_v wherein_o and_o at_o which_o day_n expire_v the_o factor_n of_o the_o taker_n or_o his_o assign_v repay_v the_o covenant_v sum_n to_o the_o factor_n or_o assign_v of_o the_o giver_n thereof_o which_o term_n o●_n time_n be_v of_o differ_a space_n of_o day_n prefix_v the_o common_a term_n or_o time_n by_o which_o all_o bill_n in_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v find_v usual_o to_o be_v five_o which_o be_v first_o at_o sight_n of_o the_o bill_n second_o at_o usance_n three_o at_o double_a usance_n fourthly_a at_o half_a usance_n five_o at_o mart_n fair_n etc._n etc._n which_o five_o term_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o understand_v sight_n 1._o at_o sight_n first_o then_o at_o sight_n or_o so_o many_o day_n after_o sight_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v so_o long_a a_o term_n or_o time_n as_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v after_o the_o delivery_n go_v to_o that_o place_n where_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v and_o upon_o the_o show_n and_o sight_n thereof_o or_o at_o so_o many_o day_n after_o as_o be_v specify_v therein_o it_o must_v be_v pay_v and_o answer_v according_o usance_n 2._o at_o usance_n second_o at_o usance_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v of_o a_o different_a term_n and_o space_n of_o time_n sometime_o consist_v of_o 8_o day_n as_o from_o rome_n to_o naples_n sometime_o of_o 10_o day_n as_o from_o genova_n to_o rome_n sometime_o of_o 30_o day_n as_o from_o london_n to_o roven_n to_o antwerp_n to_o middleburgh_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o so_o to_o other_o place_n sometime_o of_o 60_o day_n or_o two_o month_n as_o from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n from_o antwerp_n to_o rome_n and_o to_o venice_n and_o to_o florence_n to_o naples_n to_o palermo_n and_o so_o to_o other_o place_n sometime_o again_o usance_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v 90_o day_n or_o three_o month_n as_o from_o london_n to_o venice_n florence_n naples_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o several_a custom_n of_o the_o say_v distant_a several_a place_n where_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o ever_o account_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n usance_n 3._o at_o double_a usance_n three_o at_o double_a usance_n which_o consider_v the_o say_a place_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v double_a the_o former_a space_n of_o single_a usance_n be_v either_o of_o 8_o 10_o 30_o 60_o or_o 90_o day_n double_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v and_o account_v also_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n usance_n 4._o at_o half_a usance_n four_o at_o half_a usance_n this_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v half_o the_o abovesaid_a limit_a term_n or_o time_n according_a as_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v and_o account_v also_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n mart_n 5._o at_o fair_n and_o mart_n five_o at_o mart_n or_o fair_n which_o by_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n be_v call_v la_fw-fr fiera_fw-fr and_o this_o space_n of_o time_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v at_o some_o certain_a day_n account_v for_o fair_n in_o the_o say_a place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v to_o be_v payable_a as_o be_v find_v in_o placentia_n quarterly_a four_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o like_v observe_v general_o in_o lion_n and_o in_o castille_n at_o three_o time_n of_o the_o year_n account_v as_o in_o three_o bank_n 1._o i_o alas_o fieras_n de_fw-fr vilaleon_n 2._o de_fw-fr medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 3._o de_fw-fr medina_n del_fw-it rio_n sicco_fw-it which_o place_n be_v as_o public_a mart_n whereunto_o merchant_n do_v use_v to_o give_v and_o take_v sometime_o to_o benefit_n themselves_o by_o exchange_n as_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a place_n and_o sometime_o to_o buy_v commodity_n and_o supply_v their_o occasion_n as_o be_v use_v twice_o a_o year_n for_o some_o mart_n in_o germany_n as_o i_o have_v touch_v more_o large_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o say_a city_n chap._n ccci_o how_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n in_o exchange_n be_v settle_v settle_v how_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o exchanger_n be_v settle_v the_o next_o thing_n considerable_a yet_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o these_o table_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o rate_n and_o price_n itself_o for_o see_v that_o so_o many_o merchant_n of_o great_a eminence_n who_o estate_n be_v continual_o traverse_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o and_o from_o one_o coin_n to_o another_o do_v daily_o and_o constant_o give_v and_o take_v as_o their_o occasion_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n conduce_v to_o their_o profit_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o their_o great_a purse_n shall_v prescribe_v the_o rule_n and_o rate_v thereto_o which_o be_v see_v so_o various_o to_o alter_v and_o daily_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o the_o continual_a current_n of_o those_o and_o other_o that_o use_v this_o mystery_n yet_o notwithstanding_o not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v any_o determinate_a power_n or_o stroke_n in_o give_v the_o price_n thereto_o though_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o such_o have_v a_o conduce_v hand_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v be_v ●ound_v that_o their_o opinion_n concur_v with_o the_o universal_a opinion_n of_o the_o rest_n interest_v in_o this_o mystical_a body_n of_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o to_o explain_v myself_o it_o may_v fit_o here_o be_v demand_v how_o those_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v set_v and_o then_o continue_v or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o same_o be_v see_v so_o frequent_o to_o vary_v and_o alter_v in_o foreign_a part_n whereto_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o banker_n in_o italy_n spain_n and_o france_n be_v now_o a_o day_n find_v to_o be_v the_o only_a great_a taker_n and_o deliverer_n of_o money_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o principal_a place_n aforesaid_a as_o namely_o a●_n lion_n in_o france_n madrid_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o spain_n florence_n genova_n venetia_n and_o such_o other_o place_n in_o italy_n a_o constant_a meeting_n and_o there_o by_o certain_a ticket_n in_o writing_n deliver_v every_o man_n his_o opinion_n what_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o all_o place_n then_o exchange_v for_o the_o next_o fair_a or_o time_n of_o payment_n in_o every_o the_o say_a place_n and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o the_o calculation_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o there_o be_v seven_o or_o more_o voice_n or_o ticket_n the_o say_v seven_o be_v add_v together_o and_o the_o seven_o part_n be_v the_o medium_n and_o if_o there_o be_v ten_o than_o the_o ten_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v the_o medium_n and_o so_o for_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_o wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o banker_n do_v observe_v how_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n lie_v by_o exchange_n how_o the_o occasion_n of_o prince_n may_v help_v or_o hinder_v either_o by_o great_a receipt_n or_o great_a disbursement_n how_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o negotiator_n and_o merchant_n be_v concurrent_a and_o effective_a and_o therein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o concur_v in_o set_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o price_n for_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o advantage_n and_o from_o this_o spring_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o all_o the_o exchange_n of_o christendom_n in_o which_o this_o our_o country_n of_o england_n have_v but_o a_o small_a share_n as_o be_v only_o a_o branch_n derive_v from_o the_o principal_a channel_n chap._n cccii_o of_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n two_o of_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o be_v two_o the_o next_o thing_n observable_a here_o be_v the_o loss_n and_o gain_n accrue_v by_o these_o exchange_n practise_v among_o merchant_n to_o distinguish_v which_o and_o for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o reality_n thereof_o every_o giver_n or_o taker_n appli_v his_o study_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a and_o real_a par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v both_o what_o the_o gain_n and_o loss_n be_v and_o who_o be_v gainer_n and_o who_o be_v the_o loser_n now_o this_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n may_v be_v

here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turn●…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o ●…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o ●…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o ●7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o

100_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2500_o which_o florence_n be_v to_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remain_v of_o the_o division_n they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_n make_v a_o duc._n of_o lib._n 6._o 4_o sols_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v more_o evident_a when_o venice_n do_v rechange_v for_o florence_n chap._n cccciv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n florence_n be_v say_v to_o exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la crown_v 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 1600_o 2_o sol_n 5_o den._n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n for_o in_o rome_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n at_o 92¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1476_o 2_o sol_n 2_o den._n of_o gold_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v evident_a when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v from_o rome_n to_o flounce_v chap._n ccccu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n florence_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la duc._n 119⅔_n of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-mi duc._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 780._o 15_o of_o gold_n what_o credit_n in_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n by_o grain_n 119⅔_n per_fw-la crown_n because_o it_o be_v so_o many_o grain_n per_fw-mi crow_n as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v duc._n for_o crow_n 100_o and_o they_o make_v grain_n 93429._o of_o which_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n say_v that_o the_o duc._n be_v worth_n 100_o grain_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 934._o and_o for_o the_o grain_n 29_o tarry_v 1_o and_o grain_n 9_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o this_o example_n be_v show_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o naples_n be_v see_v to_o exchange_v with_o florence_n chap._n ccccvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n groff_n 112½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1400._o 12._o 8._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o groff_n be_o i_o to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o gross_n 112½_n and_o it_o make_v gross_v 157571._o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1½_n to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 13130_o and_o gross_a 11._o which_o to_o reduce_v to_o pound_n cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o say_a sol_n or_o shilling_n and_o take_v ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o make_v pound_n 656_o and_o for_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v 10_o sol_n and_o if_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o have_v be_v any_o number_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o 10_o sol_n and_o it_o thus_o make_v pound_n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n london_n note_v florence_n with_o london_n note_v that_o when_o florence_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n which_o be_v seldom_o in_o use_n the_o rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n be_v this_o as_o above_o with_o antwerp_n in_o flemish_a pound_n chap._n ccccvii_n to_o reduce_v crown_n of_o 7_o l._n in_o florence_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7½_n if_o in_o florence_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n per_fw-la crow_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n ½_n you_o must_v take_v the_o 1⅕_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o money_n and_o the_o remainder_n will_v be_v crown_n of_o gold_n and_o if_o again_o you_o will_v reduce_v crown_n of_o gold_n into_o crown_n of_o money_n you_o must_v add_v contrary_o to_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n 1¼_n and_o they_o will_v be_v so_o many_o crown_n of_o money_n as_o for_o example_n chap._n ccccviii_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o florence_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v from_o florence_n to_o naples_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o 15_o day_n sight_n to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o 20_o day_n after_o date_n to_o bologna_n at_o 3_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o and_o so_o for_o pisa_n to_o ferrara_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o perugia_n and_o sciena_n at_o 2_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n 2_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o ancona_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 40_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o the_o fair_n and_o thence_o 15_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n to_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o milan_n at_o 10_o day_n fight_v and_o so_o back_o to_o aquila_n and_o sermona_n at_o 11_o day_n sight_n to_o comerino_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccix._n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n in_o tuscany_n florence_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o florence_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o florence_n example_n 1_o example_n to_o florence_n then_o come_v advice_n from_o venice_n that_o the_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n come_v at_o crow_n 80½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135½_n they_o inorder_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n that_o at_o this_o rate_n they_o make_v a_o remittance_n to_o florence_n and_o draw_v from_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o draught_n of_o florence_n for_o placentia_n come_v unto_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v duc._n 135½_n which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n by_o crow_n 80½_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o duc._n 100_o of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 109._o 19_o from_o which_o take_v 2_o ●_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n and_o there_o will_v rest_v crow_n 108._o 12._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n be_v imburse_v at_o florence_n for_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n for_o a_o debt_n at_o placentia_n as_o thus_o for_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o one_o of_o venice_n be_v creditor_n in_o florence_n crow_n 3000_o of_o gold_n who_o inorder_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110_o where_o the_o most_o advance_v and_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o find_v a_o remittance_n in_o both_o place_n to_o benefit_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v where_o the_o profit_n and_o benefit_n be_v great_a and_o find_v the_o remittance_n to_o loss_n the_o remittance_n be_v make_v where_o the_o damage_n be_v least_o there_o be_v then_o bill_n find_v for_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110⅚_n i_o demand_v by_o which_o of_o the_o two_o

handle_v the_o way_n and_o method_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v with_o such_o other_o principal_a place_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n and_o as_o a_o guide_n to_o rule_v that_o which_o be_v here_o omit_v antwerp_n account_n keep_v in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v what_o shall_v ensue_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o antwerp_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n flemish_a or_o gross_a which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n or_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n or_o gross_a make_v shilling_n chap._n ccccxxxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr to_o have_v in_o lion_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n of_o 3_o l._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n must_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gross_v multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 1_o sol._n and_o 9_o penny_n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v by_o 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr the_o sum_n of_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n reduce_v both_o they_o and_o other_o into_o three_o of_o gross_v and_o of_o the_o division_n will_v come_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crow_n 6895._o 11._o 1._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n deliver_v in_o antwerp_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la gros_n 124½_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 363._o 10._o 3._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gros_n multiply_v the_o sum_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v the_o gross_v that_o come_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v gros_n 124½_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n bring_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o into_o half_n gross_v and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o penny_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 700._o 14._o 11_o of_o mark_n which_o will_v be_v due_a at_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n or_o pound_n in_o gross_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxviii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n anntwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 112½_n gross_a to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n do_v they_o make_v and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v crow_n 1400._o 12._o 7._o of_o gold_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o florence_n for_o the_o say_a pound_n flemish_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o florence_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxix_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 92½_n gross_v to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 1468_o 14_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 3810_o 17_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n will_v be_v due_a in_o venice_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o venice_n shall_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxl._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la shilling_n 33⅓_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o pound_n sterling_a i_o demand_v for_o l._n 748_o 18_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n first_o reduce_v as_o well_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a as_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n into_o grosse_n and_o pence_n multiply_v the_o pound_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v the_o shilling_n 18_o 6_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a and_o the_o shilling_n flemish_a 33⅓_n multiply_v by_o 12_o add_v 4_o gross_a for_o ⅓_n of_o a_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o the_o gross_a which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o must_v be_v take_v for_o divisor_n against_o the_o sum_n of_o gross_v come_v of_o the_o say_a pound_n and_o divide_v the_o sum_n will_v come_v pound_n sterling_a multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o shilling_n and_o penny_n sterling_a they_o will_v make_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o due_a in_o london_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n 748_o 18_o 6._o proof_n proof_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o say_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o by_o 1_o l._n 13_o shilling_n 4_o d._n with_o the_o say_a 33⅓_n shilling_n and_o it_o will_v make_v the_o abovesaid_a l._n 748_o 18_o 5_o pound_n flemish_n so_o that_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v just_o cast_v up_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v here_o of_o exchange_n now_o to_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxli_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n observe_v in_o antwerp_n and_o to_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o other_o city_n be_v to_o venice_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o two_o month_n after_o date_n and_o back_o the_o same_o to_o genoa_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o the_o same_o to_o avignon_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 50_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n one_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o back_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n to_o london_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n 20_o day_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o succeed_a fair._n to_o placentia_n for_o the_o next_o succeed_a fair._n to_o roven_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o now_o for_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v in_o antwerp_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o word_n also_o according_a to_o my_o method_n chap._n ccccxlii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v say_v i_o will_v insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o antwerp_n example_n 1_o example_n at_o venice_n then_o be_v find_v a_o exchange_n for_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la at_o gross_n 90_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o order_n be_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v to_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n i_o demand_v at_o how_o much_o will_v come_v the_o remittance_n from_o antwerp_n to_o placentia_n first_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v ducat_n 135_o the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n at_o the_o say_a

price_n of_o 90_o gross_n per_fw-la ducat_n and_o of_o the_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v gross_a 121½_n and_o so_o many_o gross_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v payable_a in_o venice_n be_v disbursable_a in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n find_v for_o antwerp_n at_o grow_v 90⅓_n and_o for_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a there_o be_v hereupon_o order_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v for_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o london_n the_o question_n be_v at_o what_o price_n will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o antwerp_n to_o london_n to_o do_v this_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a give_v gros_fw-fr 90⅓_n see_v that_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o value_n of_o a_o ducat_n of_o venice_n what_o will_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o london_n it_o will_v be_v gros_fw-fr 387_o which_o reduce_v to_o shilling_n in_o take_v the_o 1_o 12_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 32¼_n shilling_n and_o so_o many_o shilling_n flemish_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o the_o provision_n payable_a in_o venice_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o pound_n sterling_a money_n credit_n in_o london_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o london_n be_v creditor_n in_o antwerp_n 2000_o l._n flemish_n who_o inorder_v that_o it_o be_v remit_v he_o at_o shilling_n 33¼_n or_o to_o placentia_n at_o 121_o grow_v where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v be_v find_v that_o be_v to_o that_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v most_o beneficial_a or_o to_o least_o loss_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v now_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o london_n at_o shilling_n 33½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121¼_n i_o demand_v to_o which_o of_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o there_o be_v find_v remittance_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o shil_n 33¼_n give_v gros_fw-fr 121_o the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v shil_v 33½_n give_v be_v the_o price_n find_v for_o london_n it_o will_v come_v to_o gros_fw-fr 121_o 9_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o shil_fw-la 33½_n to_o go_v to_o the_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121_o 9_o 10_o and_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o loss_n that_o be_v at_o 121¼_n gross_a and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxliii_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v london_n exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o london_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v right_o to_o set_v down_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereof_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o his_o draught_n as_o in_o his_o remittance_n now_o only_o there_o rest_v to_o conclude_v this_o tract_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n to_o handle_v the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o how_o by_o arithmetic_n it_o be_v perform_v which_o i_o will_v observe_v here_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n and_o instruction_n to_o those_o here_o omit_v london_n account_n keep_v in_o london_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o ensue_v that_o all_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o london_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n common_o call_v sterling_a and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o for_o 20_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n make_v a_o shilling_n and_o morcover_v that_o london_n exchange_v in_o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o penny_n sterling_a with_o all_o other_o country_n antwerp_n and_o those_o country_n neighbour_a of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n except_v with_o which_o it_o exchange_v by_o the_o entire_a pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a chap._n ccccxliv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n london_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 61_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n piece_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 348_o l._n 15_o shilling_n sterling_a how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v thereto_o 15_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o penny_n add_v thereto_o the_o penny_n if_o any_o be_v and_o then_o divide_v the_o same_o by_o 61_o penny_n and_o the_o dividend_n will_v make_v crown_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v in_o all_o crow_n 1372008_o penny_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 348_o l._n 15_o sterling_a deliver_v in_o london_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n shall_v exchange_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 1372⅛_n crown_n for_o london_n france_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o paris_n roven_n &c_n &c_n in_o france_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v the_o same_o when_o london_n shall_v exchange_v with_o either_o paris_n or_o roven_n or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n ccccxlv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 70_o penny_n stir_v more_fw-it or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o florence_n a_o crow_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o pound_n 656_o 10_o 6_o d._n star_z how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n this_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o say_v 656_o 10_o 6_o sterling_a i_o be_o to_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n the_o sum_n of_o crow_n 2250⅛_n as_o per_fw-la example_n proof_n proof_n note_v that_o this_o exchange_n be_v seldom_o practise_v from_o london_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n but_o when_o many_o florentine_a merchant_n reside_v in_o london_n it_o be_v much_o in_o use_n yet_o the_o rule_n be_v right_a and_o the_o proof_n thereof_o be_v evident_a when_o florence_n rechange_v again_o for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n london_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o great_a sum_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 50_o d._n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o ducat_n in_o banco_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o venice_n this_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n reduce_v the_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n by_o the_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o add_v 17_o and_o then_o multiply_v that_o again_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o penny_n and_o add_v thereto_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2668⅕_n which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o venice_n for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a in_o london_n as_o per_fw-la example_n venice_n proof_n difference_n between_o money_n in_o banco_n and_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n note_v that_o for_o distinction_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n which_o be_v 21_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o present_v worse_o than_o the_o money_n payable_a by_o exchange_n it_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n in_o which_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 2668⅕_n ducat_n be_v rechange_v for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o

london_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la shilling_n 35._o 6_o penny_n or_o gross_a money_n of_o antwerp_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 445_o l._n 15_o and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a how_o many_o pound_n flemish_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o antwerp_n first_o multiply_v the_o pound_n sterling_a by_o 20_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n sterling_a do_v also_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a bring_v they_o first_o into_o shilling_n flemish_a by_o a_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o then_o to_o penny_n or_o gross_a by_o multiplication_n of_o 12_o d._n account_v the_o 35_o s._n 6_o d._n for_o l._n flem._n 1._o 15._o 6_o d._n and_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o one_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 35._o 6_o d_o flemish_n the_o price_n propose_v what_o will_v 445_o l._n 15._o 6_o sterling_a give_v which_o will_v make_v l._n 791._o 5._o 0_o d._n flemish_n for_o which_o you_o must_v have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n c●olond●…_n london_n exchange_n with_o amster●…_n c●olond●…_n and_o note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v the_o same_o when_o that_o london_n do_v exchange_n for_o colonia_n amsterd●m_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n chap._n ccccxlviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n london_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o for_o conclusion_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o commission_n and_o order_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o example_n 1._o to_o london_n then_o come_v order_n from_o venice_n to_o remit_v to_o they_o at_o 60_o penny_n and_o to_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 82_o per_n sterling_a the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 40000_o of_o mark_n i_o find_v then_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 61_o penny_n i_o will_v know_v consider_v the_o loss_n that_o present_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o shall_v i_o draw_v my_o draught_n for_o placentia_n you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 60_o give_v penny_n 82_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o will_v penny_n 61_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v penny_n 83⅓_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o less_o must_v not_o the_o draught_n be_v for_o placentia_n 2._o example_n 2._o again_o posito_fw-la florence_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n at_o penny_n 83_o sterling_a and_o say_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 108_o and_o that_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o florence_n that_o at_o these_o rate_v they_o draw_v for_o london_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v from_o london_n to_o placentia_n to_o do_v this_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o florence_n which_o proper_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n by_o penny_n sterling_a 83_o as_o be_v abovementioned_a and_o out_o of_o the_o penny_n that_o be_v thence_o produce_v i_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v penny_n sterling_a 89⅔_n incirca_fw-la and_o so_o many_o penny_n together_o with_o ⅖_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o florence_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o london_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 3_o example_n again_o to_o antwerp_n come_v order_n from_o london_n to_o draw_v thither_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o remittance_n from_o london_n for_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 55_o penny_n sterling_a clear_a of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v 1000_o pound_n sterling_a now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o london_n at_o s._n 33⅓_n and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o grow_v 90⅔_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v essect_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v s._n 33½_n into_o gros_fw-fr and_o they_o make_v 400_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 240_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 400_o grow_v what_o will_v 55_o penny_n sterl●…g_v give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o venice_n it_o will_v make_v gross_a 91⅔_n from_o whence_o mull_v be_v deduct_v ⅖_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n take_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v grow_v 91_o 3_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n because_o that_o draw_v for_o london_n at_o s._n 33_o ●_o ●_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o venice_n at_o gross_a 91_o 3_o 10_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o gross_a ⅖_n 90_o example_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a at_o this_o time_n to_o insert_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n now_o there_o only_o rest_v term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n chap._n ccccxlix_fw-la of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n london_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n the_o term_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v with_o other_o city_n thus_o to_o venice_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o antwerp_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o placentia_n the_o same_o as_o lion_n to_o roven_n and_o paris_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccl_n of_o the_o abreviation_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n after_o the_o italian_a and_o foreign_a manner_n and_o method_n manner_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n abreviate_v after_o the_o italian_a manner_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o particular_a tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v the_o arithmetical_a method_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o rule_v practise_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o these_o exchange_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o italy_n it_o will_v be_v here_o needful_a for_o the_o better_a enlighten_v of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o easy_a cast_v up_o and_o calculation_n thereof_o that_o i_o show_v how_o the_o italian_a broker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v abreviate_v their_o labour_n and_o shorten_v their_o task_n therein_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o have_v presume_v to_o add_v the_o same_o here_o and_o in_o this_o place_n partly_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o publish_v by_o any_o of_o our_o english_a arithmetician_n but_o princinal_o to_o show_v the_o learner_n the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v there_o wrought_v and_o arithmetical_o calculate_v it_o be_v general_o confess_v by_o all_o arithmetician_n that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o arithmetic_n depend_v upon_o five_o principal_a rule_n now_o common_o in_o all_o country_n receive_v and_o teach_v that_o be_v by_o numeration_n addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n and_o that_o no_o one_o propose_v question_n in_o arithmetic_n can_v be_v perfect_v without_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o these_o for_o the_o three_o former_a i_o find_v not_o any_o disagreement_n in_o the_o common_a receive_v manner_n by_o they_o and_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n thereof_o but_o of_o the_o two_o latter_a whereby_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o rule_n and_o question_n of_o all_o exchange_n be_v perfect_v and_o perform_v i_o will_v here_o insist_v upon_o induce_v principal_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o enlighten_v thereby_o the_o precedent_a example_n that_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n beforementioned_a i_o will_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a master_n in_o this_o science_n begin_v with_o that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n which_o we_o call_v division_n and_o by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o work_n thereof_o explain_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o either_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v it_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a table_n account_n division_n abreviate_v in_o calculation_n of_o account_n a_o certain_a merchant_n then_o buy_v 46_o clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o 673_o l._n

rutland-shire_n 269_o richmondshire_n ibid._n rhadnorshire_n ibid._n the_o exchange_n of_o roven_n 277_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n 278_o rescounter_n in_o lion_n what_o 302_o rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o exchange_n make_v in_o lion_n ibid._n rate_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o rate_n of_o interest_n in_o many_o other_o place_n 303_o a_o table_n for_o cast_v up_o the_o account_n of_o rebatement_n 305_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o rome_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v 326_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n 327_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n 328_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venice_n 329_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n 330_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n 331_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o genoa_n ●…_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o 〈◊〉_d lermo_fw-la 333_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o antwerp_n 334_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o london_n 335_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o valentia_n saragosa_n and_o barselona_n 336_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o sevil_n 337_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lisbon_n 338_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o rome_n 339_o aggio_n of_o money_n in_o rome_n 340_o order_n and_o commission_n by_o exchange_n in_o rome_n 341_o s._n ship_n distinguish_v into_o four_o part_n as_o the_o duty_n of_o four_o distinct_a person_n 2_o the_o ship-wright's_a duty_n ibid._n strictness_n for_o not_o pay_v custom_n in_o russin_n denmark_n sweden_n spain_n in_o england_n scotland_n germany_n france_n italy_n netherlands_o and_o turkey_n 4_o several_a fort_n of_o money_n in_o use_n in_o several_a country_n 5_o ship-pond_n in_o weight_n what_o 6_o stone_n in_o weight_n what_o ibid._n staple-commodity_n what_o 9_o sugar-trade_n 25_o sossala_n 27_o sue_v in_o the_o red-sea_n 29._o and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 33_o sauchen_n and_o the_o trade_n contain_v the_o commodity_n measure_n and_o weight_n thereof_o 32_o smyrna_n with_o the_o commodity_n coin_n account_n weight_n measure_n custom_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 45_o mineral_n salt_n 51_o syria_n in_o general_a 54_o sidon_n and_o the_o trade_n contain_v coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n thereof_o 58_o syrophoenicia_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o ibid._n samaria_n 65_o sciras_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 79_o sarmacand_n 86_o siam_n 88_o surat_n and_o the_o 〈…〉_o the_o coin_n 〈…〉_o etc._n etc._n thereof_o ●…_n ship_n of_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o coast_n of_o bengala_n weight_n etc._n etc._n 94_o strange_a manner_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o pegu_n and_o that_o coast_n 95_o spinal_n dig_v at_o coplan_n ibid._n siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o their_o weight_n measure_n etc._n etc._n 96_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n of_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n in_o one_o river_n 98_o a_o ship_n yearly_a at_o maccau_n from_o goa_n go_v to_o japan_n 99_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 105_o socodana_n a_o english_a factory_a 106_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o 111_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v account_n coin_n exchange_n weight_n commodity_n measure_n etc._n etc._n thereof_o 112_o segovia_n 115_o salamanca_n ibid._n saragosa_n 119_o savoy_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 133_o sienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 163_o seventeenvnited_a province_n 178_o sidan_n ibid._n sluis_n 179_o the_o ancient_a staple_n of_o bridges_n 181_o strasburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 186_o stutgard_n ibid._n spiers_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 188_o saxony_n 196_o silver_n mine_n in_o friburg_n 202_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 203_o sealand_n in_o denmark_n 210_o scania_n ibid._n scandia_n ibid._n sweden_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o 217_o stockholm_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 218_o seruca_n 219_o smaleusco_n ibid._n samogitia_n 222_o stralsond_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 229_o stetin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 230_o servia_n 235_o sclavonia_n 236_o spallata_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 237_o schenico_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 241_o scuttari_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 242_o sparta_n 245_o salonica_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 246_o sidrocapse_n rich_a in_o mine_n of_o gold_n ibid._n samothrasia_n 248_o scio_fw-la or_o chios_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 249_o sciros_fw-la island_n ibid._n salamis_n island_n ibid._n samos_n island_n ibid._n suda_n a_o brave_a harbour_n in_o candia_n 251_o strucalli_n island_n ibid._n santo_n mauro_n 252_o sicilia_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 256_o sardinia_n island_n 258_o sorling_n island_n 262_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 264_o twelve_o shire_n in_o wales_n 268_o somersetshire_n 269_o surry_n ibid._n sussolk_n ibid._n sussex_n ibid._n staffordshire_n ibid._n shropshire_n ibid._n saragosa_n exchange_n 291_o sevil_n exchange_n 294_o sight_n what_o 299_o exchange_n of_o sevil_n 426_o exchange_n of_o saragosa_n ibid._n t._n tropick_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n 1_o thing_n considerable_a in_o barter_v bargain_v and_o exchange_v 2_o terra_fw-la cotterialis_n 12_o trindado_fw-es 13_o the_o trade_n of_o america_n by_o spaniard_n ibid._n tunis_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o with_o the_o coin_n weight_n measure_n commodity_n and_o custom_n thereof_o 15_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o argier_n and_o tunis_n 19_o of_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o barbary_n 23_o tarradant_n ibid._n tombotu_n 25_o troy_n ruin_n ruin_v 46_o trapesond_n chap._n 51._o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n thereof_o 55_o tyre_n and_o the_o ancient_a trade_n thereof_o 60_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n with_o the_o trade_n contain_v weight_n measure_n etc._n etc._n thereof_o 64_o turcomania_n 67_o tauris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 74_o the_o general_a trade_n of_o persia_n 82_o tartary_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 83_o tartary_n precopensis_n ibid._n tartary_n asiatica_fw-la and_o antiqua_fw-la 85_o tutta_n 90_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o india_n 92_o ticco_fw-it and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 105_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o asia_n 109_o toledo_n 114_o tortosa_n 119_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n survey_v 121_o thoullousa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 123_o torrian_n 125_o thollon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 130_o turino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 134_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o france_n 135_o tarranto_n 139_o treviso_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 152_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o italy_n 177_o tornay_n 179_o the_o trade_n of_o antwerp_n augment_v by_o three_o occasion_n and_o decay_v by_o three_o occasion_n 179_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o netherlands_o 181_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o aermany_n 209_o the_o trade_n of_o prussia_n ibid._n the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n 215_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n 221_o transilvania_n 236_o thebes_n 246_o thermophilae_fw-la strait_n famous_a ibid._n thessalia_n ibid._n thracia_n ibid._n the_o trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o constantinople_n 247_o tenedos_n 248_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la 248_o temple_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o lover_n 252_o turkey_n or_o levant_n merchant_n their_o original_n in_o london_n 270_o though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v no_o way_n lessen_v 274_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 299_o a_o table_n for_o cast_v up_o the_o account_n of_o discount_n or_o rebatement_n 304_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n 15_o v._n virginia_n 12_o una_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v the_o coin_n weight_n measure_v thereof_o 12_o the_o undermine_a trick_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o trade_n of_o guiny_n 25_o the_o matchless_a villainy_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o amboina_fw-la island_n 103_o validolide_a 115_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 118_o vienne_n in_o france_n 127_o valentia_n in_o france_n ibid._n republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o city_n 131_o vicentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 154_o verona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 156_o venice_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 158_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 169_o valencourt_n 179_o utrecht_n 180_o vienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 195_o veteravia_n 201_o valadomira_n 219_o volmia_n 222_o valona_n or_o avalona_n and_o the_o trade_n 243_o venetian_n the_o second_o trader_n of_o eminency_n in_o turkey_n 247_o ulster_n in_o ireland_n 263_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n 275_o venice_n exchange_n 281_o valentia_n exchange_n 291_o vienna_n exchange_n 298_o usance_n what_o 299_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o venice_n and_o how_o calculate_v 368_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o lion_n 369_o of_o venice_n with_o placentia_n 370_o of_o venice_n with_o rome_n 371_o of_o venice_n with_o naples_n 372_o of_o venice_n with_o florence_n 373_o of_o venice_n with_o milan_n 374_o of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n 375_o of_o venice_n with_o london_n 376_o of_o venice_n with_o genoa_n 377_o of_o venice_n with_o norimberg_n 378_o of_o venice_n with_o bergamo_n 379_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v

one_o of_o they_o do_v accept_v it_o and_o the_o other_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v that_o bill_n must_v be_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o due_a acceptance_n but_o if_o the_o bill_n do_v come_v direct_v thus_o to_o robert_n a._n and_o john_n b._n or_o to_o either_o of_o they_o or_o thus_o to_o robert_n a._n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o john_n b._n in_o this_o case_n the_o bill_n be_v accept_v by_o a._n or_o b._n namely_o by_o but_o one_o of_o they_o it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o bill_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o due_a acceptance_n in_o regard_n be_v accept_v but_o by_o one_o of_o they_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v it_o be_v accept_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n verbal_a acceptance_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v present_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o be_v accept_v and_o he_o do_v answer_v you_o thus_o leave_v your_o bill_n with_o i_o and_o i_o will_v accept_v it_o or_o thus_o call_v for_o it_o to_o morrow_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v it_o accept_v or_o such_o like_a word_n promise_v acceptance_n such_o a_o acceptance_n be_v bind_v and_o among_o merchant_n be_v take_v for_o a_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n if_o the_o same_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o if_o afterward_o he_o to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v shall_v refuse_v to_o set_v his_o name_n to_o the_o bill_n and_o to_o write_v under_o it_o accept_v by_o i_o richard_n d._n according_a to_o the_o most_o usual_a manner_n here_o in_o england_n in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a may_v content_v himself_o with_o such_o a_o acceptance_n until_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o then_o if_o payment_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o party_n who_o promise_v acceptance_n thereof_o as_o be_v before_o specify_v the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a may_v take_v his_o course_n in_o law_n against_o the_o party_n so_o accept_v and_o questionless_a will_v be_v compel_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o provide_v the_o bill_n be_v first_o protest_v in_o due_a form_n for_o nonpayment_n and_o sure_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n be_v good_a and_o bind_a and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o it_o may_v so_o be_v that_o that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v for_o provision_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o end_n to_o pay_v some_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n charge_v and_o draw_v on_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o former_a bill_n be_v payable_a and_o he_o have_v such_o a_o verbal_a promise_n of_o acceptance_n upon_o confidence_n therefore_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v accept_v the_o other_o bill_n draw_v on_o he_o or_o it_o may_v be_v the_o former_a bill_n be_v send_v he_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o money_n to_o buy_v some_o commodity_n for_o the_o party_n that_o remit_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n suppose_v the_o money_n will_v be_v pay_v he_o at_o the_o time_n he_o may_v happen_v to_o have_v buy_v the_o commodity_n for_o his_o friend_n and_o may_v peradventure_o have_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n that_o send_v he_o the_o bill_n and_o have_v give_v he_o advice_n that_o he_o be_v promise_v acceptance_n or_o that_o he_o doubt_v not_o of_o acceptance_n or_o the_o like_a and_o upon_o such_o advice_n give_v his_o friend_n will_v take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o make_v his_o account_n according_o and_o very_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o namely_o that_o such_o a_o verbal_a acceptance_n be_v bind_v there_o may_v happen_v great_a inconvenience_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n among_o who_o in_o their_o way_n of_o commerce_n their_o word_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o bind_v as_o their_o writing_n accept_v for_o part_n if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v say_v unto_o you_o when_o you_o present_v he_o the_o bill_n to_o be_v accept_v that_o he_o will_v accept_v it_o for_o part_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v no_o more_o provision_n in_o his_o hand_n from_o the_o party_n for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v or_o that_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o more_o upon_o account_n or_o other_o the_o like_a reason_n best_o know_v to_o himself_o in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v take_v such_o his_o acceptance_n for_o part_n but_o than_o you_o present_o go_v to_o a_o notary_n public_a and_o cause_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v protest_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n therein_o mention_v and_o you_o must_v send_v away_o that_o your_o protest_v to_o the_o party_n which_o send_v you_o the_o bill_n that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o have_v security_n from_o the_o party_n which_o take_v up_o the_o money_n for_o the_o remain_a sum._n and_o so_o likewise_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o bill_n shall_v fall_v due_a you_o must_v go_v and_o receive_v the_o sum_n for_o which_o it_o be_v accept_v and_o you_o may_v make_v a_o receipt_n upon_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o same_o use_v these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n receive_v this_o 22_o january_n 1654._o in_o part_n of_o payment_n of_o this_o bill_n twenty_o five_o pound_n six_o shilling_n i_o say_v receive_v per_fw-la i_o john_n n._n and_o then_o you_o must_v cause_n protest_v again_o to_o be_v make_v for_o non_fw-la payment_n of_o the_o remain_a sum_n and_o send_v the_o same_o back_n according_a as_o you_o former_o do_v for_o non-acceptance_n note_v on_o your_o bill_n the_o time_n when_o they_o will_v fall_v due_a after_o you_o have_v present_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o receive_v they_o accept_v then_o present_o reckon_v when_o they_o will_v fall_v due_a and_o if_o you_o have_v any_o bill_n draw_v from_o france_n or_o italy_n or_o other_o part_n in_o french_a crown_n ducat_n dollar_n or_o other_o outlandish_a money_n look_v in_o the_o bill_n at_o what_o rate_n or_o price_n they_o be_v draw_v for_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n here_o in_o england_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o our_o english_a money_n and_o then_o note_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o your_o bill_n close_o to_o the_o top_n at_o one_o end_n thereof_o in_o short_a the_o time_n when_o your_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a with_o the_o just_a sum_n which_o you_o be_v to_o receive_v at_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o your_o bill●_n before_o you_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o your_o count_a house_n to_o the_o end_n that_o at_o any_o time_n when_o you_o will_v desire_v to_o know_v upon_o any_o occasion_n what_o money_n you_o have_v to_o receive_v and_o when_o payable_a you_o may_v present_o look_v over_o your_o bill_n see_v and_o know_v the_o same_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v much_o ease_n very_o convenient_a and_o indeed_o merchan●_n like_v and_o i_o have_v know_v it_o practise_v by_o some_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o experience_a merchant_n in_o london_n keep_v or_o return_v bill_n accept_v your_o bill_n thus_o accept_v if_o payable_a to_o yourself_o you_o may_v lay_v up_o by_o you_o in_o your_o countinghouse_n until_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v or_o that_o you_o have_v other_o use_n thereof_o but_o if_o payable_a to_o he_o that_o deliver_v the_o value_n or_o that_o send_v they_o you_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v accept_v than_o you_o must_v therewith_o follow_v his_o order_n either_o in_o keep_v they_o by_o you_o until_o further_a order_n or_o in_o return_v they_o back_o to_o be_v endorse_v and_o it_o may_v be_v to_o take_v in_o the_o value_n thereof_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v likewise_o do_v on_o the_o second_o bill_n if_o he_o have_v it_o by_o he_o and_o so_o assign_v it_o over_o to_o another_o man_n and_o send_v you_o his_o order_n to_o deliver_v the_o accept_a bill_n to_o some_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v the_o second_o bill_n endorse_v payable_a unto_o he_o the_o deliverer_n be_v master_n for_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o party_n which_o first_o deliver_v the_o money_n on_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o the_o money_n he_o deliver_v be_v for_o his_o own_o proper_a account_n be_v right_o and_o proper_o master_n thereof_o until_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o he_o can_v or_o may_v prohibit_v the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o the_o time_n unto_o he_o to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v first_o make_v payable_a suppose_v he_o to_o be_v a_o factor_n for_o the_o deliverer_n although_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v have_v already_o accept_v the_o bill_n which_o prohibition_n be_v call_v a_o countermand_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n and_o but_o upon_o special_a sure_a ground_n

nor_o less_o because_o usance_n be_v one_o month_n by_o denomination_n to_o be_v account_v next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o i_o have_v very_o full_o show_v here_o before_o and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o month_n in_o the_o year_n which_o have_v in_o it_o above_o 31_o day_n now_o therefore_o upon_o a_o indifferent_a account_n fifteen_o day_n must_v be_v reckon_v for_o half_a usance_n because_o fifteen_o be_v the_o half_a of_o thirty_o and_o a_o day_n consist_v of_o 24_o hour_n can_v be_v subdivide_v from_o its_o proper_a denomination_n so_o that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n date_v the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n and_o payable_a in_o london_n at_o half_a usance_n and_o will_v know_v when_o this_o bill_n fall_v due_a you_o must_v first_o as_o before_o look_v to_o the_o date_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n be_v the_o 24_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n from_o whence_o count_v fifteen_o day_n forward_o or_o add_v fifteen_o day_n to_o the_o twenty_o four_o of_o january_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o will_v fall_v due_a the_o eight_o of_o february_n inclusive_a follow_v and_o in_o case_n you_o have_v a_o bill_n date_v the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n and_o payble_n at_o usance_n and_o half_a then_o count_v from_o the_o 24_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n to_o the_o 24_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n for_o the_o usance_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o 11_o of_o march_n inclusive_a except_o in_o leap-year_n be_v 15_o day_n or_o half_a usance_n on_o which_o 11_o day_n of_o march_n and_o with_o the_o same_o day_n the_o usance_n and_o half_n will_v expire_v and_o that_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o usance_n and_o half_a which_o day_n must_v be_v full_o expire_v and_o pass_v before_o the_o money_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o before_o any_o protest_v can_v be_v legal_o make_v for_o nonpayment_n three_o day_n after_o due_a you_o be_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n that_o the_o day_n on_o which_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v fall_v due_a be_v always_o to_o be_v account_v as_o part_v of_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o include_v therein_o so_o that_o the_o day_n on_o which_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v fall_v due_a do_v belong_v to_o the_o party_n which_o be_v to_o make_v payment_n thereof_o as_o be_v part_n of_o his_o time_n as_o now_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o thirty_o day_n sight_n and_o it_o be_v accept_v the_o five_o of_o february_n february_n have_v but_o 28_o day_n except_o in_o leap_v year_n you_o must_v reckon_v from_o the_o five_o of_o february_n to_o the_o six_o of_o february_n for_o one_o day_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o seven_o two_o day_n and_o so_o forward_o allow_v 24_o hour_n to_o a_o day_n it_o will_v fall_v due_a or_o the_o 30_o day_n sight_n will_v expire_v with_o the_o seven_o of_o march_n inclusive_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n with_o bill_n payable_a at_o usance_n double_a or_o treble_a usance_n or_o bill_n payable_a at_o a_o prefix_a day_n the_o full_a time_n of_o the_o usance_n or_o prefix_a day_n must_v be_v take_v inclusive_a as_o part_v of_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o three_o day_n next_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o day_n be_v usual_o allow_v in_o london_n as_o well_o for_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a to_o procure_v payment_n thereof_o as_o for_o he_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v in_o france_n and_o that_o the_o french_a post_n shall_v happen_v to_o depart_v on_o the_o second_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a or_o that_o the_o three_o day_n be_v a_o sunday_n or_o no_o work_a day_n or_o day_n of_o public_a commerce_n and_o trade_n and_o in_o any_o of_o those_o case_n the_o money_n must_v be_v pay_v the_o second_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a or_o else_o protest_v must_v be_v then_o make_v for_o nonpayment_n that_o so_o lawful_a diligence_n may_v be_v use_v within_o the_o three_o day_n and_o advice_n thereof_o may_v be_v send_v away_o by_o the_o very_a first_o post_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a for_o although_o three_o day_n be_v usual_o allow_v after_o a_o bill_n be_v due_a yet_o it_o be_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a or_o of_o his_o correspondent_n or_o the_o drawer_n for_o if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o the_o protest_v make_v within_o the_o three_o day_n next_o after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o that_o there_o shall_v happen_v in_o the_o interim_n any_o misfortune_n to_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v none_o solvent_a or_o the_o like_a those_o in_o france_n concern_v therein_o will_v soon_o take_v advantage_n thereupon_o to_o avoid_v the_o repayment_n than_o they_o will_v do_v in_o the_o like_a kind_n who_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n in_o holland_n or_o other_o part_n who_o bill_n if_o not_o pay_v the_o second_o day_n after_o due_a and_o that_o the_o three_o day_n fall_v on_o a_o saturday_n they_o many_o time_n forbear_v to_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n until_o the_o monday_n follow_v however_o this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n namely_o that_o according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o london_n protest_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n within_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o the_o protest_v aught_o to_o be_v send_v away_o by_o the_o first_o post_n next_o after_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v be_v it_o for_o what_o part_n soever_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o that_o will_v not_o have_v sunday_n reckon_v for_o one_o of_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n fall_v due_a true_o i_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o not_o reckon_v sunday_n to_o be_v any_o of_o the_o thirty_o day_n sight_n or_o the_o like_a for_o my_o part_n though_o payment_n be_v not_o use_v to_o be_v make_v on_o sunday_n neither_o ought_v protest_v to_o be_v make_v on_o a_o sunday_n for_o nonpayment_n i_o can_v but_o reckon_v sunday_n among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o three_o day_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a if_o saturday_n be_v the_o second_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a than_o monday_n will_v be_v the_o four_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a sure_o bound_v sure_o find_v protest_v must_v be_v make_v though_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v but_o if_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n fall_v due_a and_o that_o through_o negligence_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v forbear_v four_o five_o six_o or_o more_o day_n after_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n yet_o nevertheless_o even_o then_o if_o it_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n i_o say_v although_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v because_o you_o can_v well_o take_v any_o course_n in_o law_n against_o the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n until_o you_o have_v make_v a_o legal_a demand_n of_o the_o money_n by_o a_o public_a notary_n neither_o be_v the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n bind_v or_o liable_a according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o repay_v the_o money_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n until_o such_o time_n as_o there_o do_v appear_v a_o protest_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n who_o accept_v the_o bill_n or_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o though_o a_o bill_n must_v be_v protest_v although_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v yet_o i_o will_v never_o counsel_v any_o body_n to_o omit_v protest_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o three_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v before_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v and_o the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v it_o shall_v then_o happen_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr solvent_a as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v by_o the_o drawer_n or_o endorse_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a have_v prejudice_v they_o in_o neglect_v his_o diligence_n therein_o and_o the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o french_a bill_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o bill_n make_v in_o france_n may_v happen_v to_o delay_v if_o not_o free_a the_o second_o payment_n thereof_o upon_o that_o account_n for_o although_o the_o drawer_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o deliverer_n until_o the_o bill_n be_v satisfy_v yet_o it_o

full_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o much_o money_n a_o prince_n may_v convenient_o lay_v up_o without_o the_o hurt_n of_o his_o subject_n 12._o last_o in_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o most_o we_o can_v of_o our_o own_o whether_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o people_n which_o live_v by_o the_o art_n be_v far_o more_o in_o number_n than_o they_o who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o fruit_n we_o ought_v the_o more_o careful_o to_o maintain_v those_o endeavour_n of_o the_o multitude_n in_o who_o do_v consist_v the_o great_a strength_n and_o riches_n both_o of_o king_n and_o kingdom_n for_o where_o the_o people_n be_v many_o and_o the_o art_n good_a there_o the_o traffic_n must_v be_v great_a and_o the_o country_n rich_a the_o italian_n employ_v a_o great_z number_n of_o people_n and_o get_v more_o money_n by_o their_o industry_n and_o manufacture_n of_o the_o raw_a silk_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cilicia_n than_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o his_o subject_n have_v by_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o rich_a commodity_n but_o what_o need_v we_o fetch_v the_o example_n so_o far_o when_o we_o know_v that_o our_o own_o natural_a ware_n do_v not_o yield_v we_o so_o much_o profit_n as_o our_o industry_n for_o iron-oar_n in_o the_o mine_n be_v of_o no_o great_a worth_n when_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o employment_n and_o advantage_n it_o yield_v be_v dig_v try_v transport_v buy_v sell_v cast_v into_o ordnance_n musket_n and_o many_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n for_o offence_n and_o defence_n wrought_v into_o anchor_n bolt_n spikes_n nail_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o use_n of_o ship_n house_n cart_n coach_n plough_n and_o other_o instrument_n for_o tillage_n compare_v our_o fleece-wools_a with_o our_o cloth_n which_o require_v shear_v wash_v card_v spin_v weave_a full_a die_a dress_n and_o other_o trimings_z and_o we_o shall_v find_v these_o art_n more_o profitable_a than_o the_o natural_a wealth_n whereof_o i_o may_v instance_n other_o example_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v more_o tedious_a for_o if_o i_o will_v amplify_v upon_o this_o and_o the_o other_o particular_n before-written_a i_o may_v find_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o large_a volume_n but_o my_o desire_n in_o all_o be_v only_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o propound_v with_o brevity_n and_o plainness_n chap._n iu._n the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v a_o mean_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n this_o position_n be_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o it_o will_v require_v many_o and_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v it_o before_o it_o can_v be_v accept_v of_o the_o multitude_n who_o bitter_o exclaim_v when_o they_o see_v any_o money_n carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n affirm_v thereupon_o that_o we_o have_v absolute_o lose_v so_o much_o treasure_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o act_n direct_o against_o the_o long_a continue_a law_n make_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o many_o place_n nay_o spain_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o money_n forbid_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o some_o case_n only_o except_v to_o all_o which_o i_o may_v answer_v that_o venice_n florence_n genova_n the_o low_a country_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n permit_v it_o their_o people_n applaud_v it_o and_o find_v great_a benefit_n by_o it_o but_o all_o this_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o prove_v nothing_o we_o must_v therefore_o come_v to_o those_o reason_n which_o concern_v the_o business_n in_o question_n first_o i_o will_v take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o no_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v deny_v that_o we_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o get_v treasure_n but_o by_o foreign_a trade_n for_o mine_n we_o have_v none_o which_o do_v afford_v it_o and_o how_o this_o money_n be_v get_v in_o the_o manage_n of_o our_o say_a trade_n i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o make_v our_o commodity_n which_o be_v export_v yearly_o to_o overbalance_n in_o value_n the_o foreign_a ware_n which_o we_o consume_v so_o that_o it_o rest_v only_o to_o show_v how_o our_o money_n may_v be_v add_v to_o our_o commodity_n and_o be_v joint_o export_v may_v so_o much_o the_o more_o increase_v our_o treasure_n we_o have_v already_o suppose_v our_o yearly_a consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n to_o be_v for_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o our_o exportation_n to_o exceed_v that_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o sum_n we_o have_v thereupon_o affirm_v be_v bring_v to_o we_o in_o treasure_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n but_o now_o if_o we_o add_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n more_o in_o ready_a money_n unto_o our_o former_a exportation_n in_o ware_n what_o profit_n can_v we_o have_v will_n some_o man_n say_v although_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o shall_v bring_v in_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n more_o than_o we_o do_v before_o see_v that_o we_o have_v carry_v out_o the_o like_a value_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o when_o we_o have_v prepare_v our_o exportation_n of_o ware_n and_o set_v out_o as_o much_o of_o every_o thing_n as_o we_o can_v spare_v or_o vent_v abroad_o mony_n money_n beget_v trade_n and_o trade_n increasee_v mony_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o say_v that_o then_o we_o shall_v add_v our_o money_n thereunto_o to_o fetch_v in_o the_o more_o money_n immediate_o but_o rather_o first_o to_o enlarge_v our_o trade_n by_o enable_v we_o to_o bring_v in_o more_o foreign_a ware_n which_o be_v send_v out_o again_o will_v in_o due_a time_n much_o increase_v our_o treasure_n for_o although_o in_o this_o manner_n we_o do_v yearly_o multiply_v our_o importation_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o more_o ship_n and_o mariner_n improvement_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n and_o other_o benefit_n yet_o our_o consumption_n of_o those_o foreign_a ware_n be_v no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v before_o so_o that_o all_o the_o say_a increase_n of_o commodity_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o our_o ready_a money_n send_v out_o as_o be_v afore_o write_v do_v in_o the_o end_n become_v a_o exportation_n unto_o we_o of_o a_o far_o great_a value_n than_o our_o say_a money_n be_v which_o be_v prove_v by_o three_o several_a example_n follow_v 1._o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o 100000_o l._n be_v send_v in_o our_o ship_n to_o the_o east_n country_n will_v buy_v there_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n clear_v aboard_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v after_o bring_v into_o england_n and_o house_v to_o export_v the_o same_o at_o the_o best_a time_n for_o vent_v thereof_o in_o spain_n or_o italy_n it_o can_v yield_v less_o in_o those_o part_n than_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n to_o make_v the_o merchant_n but_o a_o saviour_n yet_o by_o this_o reckon_n we_o see_v the_o kingdom_n have_v double_v that_o treasure_n commonwealth_n remote_a trade_n be_v most_o gainful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n 2._o again_o this_o profit_n will_v be_v far_o great_a when_o we_o trade_n thus_o in_o remote_a country_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o send_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n into_o the_o east_n indies_n to_o buy_v pepper_n there_o and_o bring_v it_o hither_o and_o from_o hence_o send_v it_o for_o italy_n or_o turkey_n it_o must_v yield_v seven_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n at_o least_o in_o those_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o excessive_a charge_n which_o the_o merchant_n disburse_v in_o those_o long_a voyage_n in_o ship_n wage_n victual_n insurance_n interest_n custom_n impost_n and_o the_o like_a all_o which_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n get_v 3._o but_o where_o the_o voyage_n be_v short_a and_o the_o ware_n rich_a which_o therefore_o will_v not_o employ_v much_o ship_n the_o profit_n will_v be_v far_o less_o as_o when_o another_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n shall_v be_v employ_v in_o turkey_n in_o raw_a silk_n and_o bring_v hither_o to_o be_v after_o transport_v from_o hence_o into_o france_n the_o low_a country_n or_o germany_n the_o merchant_n shall_v have_v good_a gain_n although_o he_o sell_v it_o there_o but_o for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o thus_o take_v the_o voyage_n altogether_o in_o their_o medium_fw-la the_o money_n export_v will_v be_v return_v unto_o we_o more_o than_o treble_v but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o object_v that_o these_o return_n come_v to_o we_o in_o ware_n and_o not_o real_o in_o money_n as_o they_o be_v issue_v out_o the_o answer_n be_v keep_v our_o first_o ground_n that_o if_o our_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n be_v no_o more_o yearly_a than_o be_v already_o suppose_a and_o that_o our_o exportation_n be_v so_o mighty_o increase_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o trade_n with_o ready_a money_n as_o

here_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o value_n with_o our_o standard_n will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n coin_n merchant_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o foreign_a coin_n the_o discreet_a merchant_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o his_o trade_n and_o his_o exchange_n by_o bill_n to_o and_o from_o the_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o deal_v do_v careful_o learn_v the_o parity_n or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o know_v perfect_o the_o just_a profit_n or_o loss_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o we_o trade_n to_o divers_a place_n where_o we_o vent_v off_o our_o native_a commodity_n yearly_a to_o a_o great_a value_n and_o yet_o find_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n there_o fit_v our_o use_n whereby_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v our_o return_n in_o ready_a money_n which_o by_o we_o be_v either_o carry_v into_o some_o other_o country_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o ware_n which_o we_o want_v or_o else_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o be_v tolerate_v to_o pass_v currant_n here_o in_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a to_o be_v coin_v into_o sterling_a money_n that_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o when_o all_o the_o circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v this_o course_n likewise_o will_v be_v find_v as_o weak_a as_o the_o rest_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n first_o the_o toleration_n itself_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o intercourse_n and_o will_v soon_o move_v other_o prince_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o act_n or_o worse_o against_o we_o and_o so_o frustrate_v our_o hope_n second_o if_o money_n be_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o other_o mean_n and_o foreign_a coin_n tolerate_v to_o pass_v current_n among_o we_o at_o high_a 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observation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o stranger_n can_v increase_v nor_o yet_o preserve_v our_o treasure_n to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o work_n of_o no_o less_o skill_n and_o difficulty_n than_o to_o augment_v our_o treasure_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o preservation_n and_o production_n be_v the_o same_o in_o nature_n the_o statute_n for_o employment_n of_o stranger_n be_v ware_n into_o our_o commodity_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o lawful_a way_n lead_v to_o those_o end_n but_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o particular_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o can_v produce_v such_o good_a effect_n nation_n the_o use_n of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o to_o all_o nation_n for_o as_o the_o use_v of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o unto_o all_o nation_n so_o may_v we_o easy_o perceive_v what_o will_v be_v do_v therein_o by_o stranger_n when_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v our_o own_o proceed_n in_o this_o weighty_a business_n by_o which_o we_o do_v not_o only_o seek_v with_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n to_o supply_v our_o want_n of_o foreign_a ware_n but_o also_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o with_o treasure_n all_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o different_a manner_n of_o trading_n according_a to_o our_o own_o occasion_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whereunto_o we_o do_v trade_n as_o namely_o in_o some_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n and_o bring_v away_o their_o ware_n or_o part_n in_o money_n in_o other_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o good_n and_o take_v their_o money_n because_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ware_n that_o fit_a our_o turn_n again_o in_o some_o place_n we_o have_v need_n of_o their_o commodity_n but_o they_o have_v little_a use_n of_o we_o so_o they_o take_v our_o money_n which_o we_o get_v in_o other_o country_n and_o thus_o by_o a_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o change_v according_a to_o the_o accurent_n of_o time_n the_o particular_a member_n do_v accommodate_v each_o other_o and_o all_o accomplish_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o trade_n destroy_v how_o foreign_a trade_n be_v destroy_v which_o will_v ever_o languish_v if_o the_o harmony_n of_o her_o health_n be_v distemper_v by_o the_o disease_n of_o excess_n at_o home_n violence_n abroad_o charge_n and_o restriction_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o but_o in_o this_o place_n i_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v only_o of_o restriction_n which_o i_o will_v perform_v brief_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o a_o merchant_n make_v the_o return_n of_o his_o ware_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o money_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v money_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o seem_a providence_n and_o justice_n but_o also_o the_o use_n of_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n which_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n without_o example_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o we_o have_v trade_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o whatsoever_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o shall_v impose_v upon_o stranger_n here_o will_v present_o be_v make_v a_o law_n for_o we_o in_o their_o country_n especial_o where_o we_o have_v our_o great_a trade_n with_o our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n who_o omit_v no_o care_n nor_o occasion_n to_o support_v their_o traffic_n in_o equal_a privilege_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o freedom_n and_o mean_n which_o now_o we_o have_v to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therewith_o likewise_o we_o shall_v lose_v the_o vent_n of_o much_o ware_n which_o we_o carry_v to_o divers_a place_n whereby_o our_o trade_n and_o our_o treasure_n will_v decay_v together_o second_o if_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n we_o thrust_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o ware_n more_o than_o ordinary_a upon_o the_o stranger_n we_o must_v then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o english_a which_o be_v injurious_a to_o our_o merchant_n mariner_n and_o ship_n beside_o the_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o vent_v the_o kingdom_n be_v stock_n to_o the_o stranger_n at_o far_o low_a rate_n here_o than_o we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o sell_v it_o to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n three_o whereas_o we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v that_o if_o our_o commodity_n be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n our_o money_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prevent_v this_o by_o tie_v the_o stranger_n be_v hand_n and_o leave_v the_o english_a loose_a shall_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o advantage_n cause_n that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o now_o that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o other_o before_o or_o if_o we_o make_v a_o statute_n without_o example_n to_o prevent_v both_o alike_o shall_v we_o not_o then_o overthrow_v all_o at_o once_o the_o king_n in_o his_o cuostm_n and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o profit_n for_o such_o a_o restriction_n must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v much_o trade_n because_o the_o diversity_n of_o occasion_n and_o place_n which_o make_v a_o ample_a trade_n require_v that_o some_o man_n shall_v both_o export_n and_o import_n ware_n some_o export_n only_o other_o import_n some_o deliver_v our_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n other_o take_v it_o up_o some_o carry_v out_o money_n other_o bring_v it_o in_o and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n according_a to_o the_o good_a husbandry_n or_o excess_n in_o the_o kingdom_n over_o which_o only_a if_o we_o keep_v a_o strict_a law_n it_o will_v rule_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o without_o this_o all_o other_o statute_n be_v no_o rule_n either_o to_o keep_v or_o procure_v we_o treasure_n last_o to_o

leave_v no_o objection_n unanswered_a if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o a_o statute_n comprehend_v the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o stranger_n must_v needs_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n what_o shall_v we_o get_v by_o this_o if_o it_o hinder_v the_o come_n in_o of_o money_n by_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o ample_a trade_n which_o we_o enjoy_v in_o the_o freedom_n thereof_o be_v not_o the_o remedy_n far_o worse_o than_o the_o disease_n shall_v we_o not_o live_v more_o like_a irishman_n than_o englishmen_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n our_o merchant_n mariner_n ship_n art_n land_n riches_n and_o all_o decay_n together_o with_o our_o trade_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n we_o have_v better_a hope_n than_o so_o for_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o as_o all_o the_o foreign_a ware_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o shall_v be_v employ_v in_o our_o commodity_n thereby_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n so_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o send_v out_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n over_o and_o above_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o value_n thereof_o in_o ready_a mony_n although_o this_o be_v absolute_o deny_v by_o the_o reason_n afore-written_a yet_o now_o we_o will_v grant_v it_o because_o we_o desire_v to_o end_v the_o dispute_n for_o if_o this_o be_v true_a that_o other_o natition_n vent_v more_o of_o our_o commodite_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o in_o value_n than_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o overplus_n must_v necessary_o return_v unto_o we_o in_o treasure_n without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v therefore_o not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o hurtful_a as_o some_o other_o like_o restriction_n be_v find_v to_o be_v when_o they_o be_v full_o discover_v chap._n xi_o it_o will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n that_o export_v fish_n corn_n or_o munition_n to_o return_v all_o or_o part_n of_o the_o value_n in_o mony_n victual_n and_o munition_n for_o war_n be_v so_o precious_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o either_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n altogether_o or_o if_o the_o plenty_n permit_v it_o to_o require_v the_o return_n thereof_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o without_o difficulty_n because_o spain_n and_o other_o country_n do_v willing_o part_v with_o their_o money_n for_o such_o ware_n although_o in_o other_o occasion_n of_o trade_n they_o straight_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o all_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o notwithstanding_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n which_o in_o course_n of_o trade_n force_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o therefore_o make_v it_o we_o for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o a_o lawful_a gain_n and_o this_o gain_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v accomplish_v but_o by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o trade_n and_o this_o overbalance_n be_v make_v less_o by_o restriction_n trade_n some_o restriction_n hinder_v trade_n therefore_o such_o restriction_n do_v hinder_v the_o increase_n of_o our_o treasure_n the_o argument_n be_v plain_a and_o needs_o no_o other_o reason_n to_o strengthen_v it_o except_o any_o man_n be_v so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o restriction_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o less_o ware_n to_o be_v export_v but_o if_o this_o likewise_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o money_n for_o victual_n and_o munition_n carry_v out_o will_v not_o cause_v we_o to_o have_v one_o penny_n the_o more_o in_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o year_n end_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v force_v in_o one_o way_n must_v out_o again_o in_o another_o way_n because_o only_o so_o much_o will_v remain_v and_o abide_v with_o we_o as_o be_v gain_v and_o incorporate_v into_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n this_o may_v be_v make_v plain_a by_o a_o example_n take_v from_o a_o englishman_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o buy_v and_o consume_v the_o ware_n of_o divers_a of_o stranger_n for_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n he_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o say_a stranger_n and_o present_o force_v all_o the_o money_n from_o they_o there_o remain_v only_o four_o hundred_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v englishman_n for_o overbalance_n of_o the_o ware_n buy_v and_o sell_v so_o the_o rest_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v be_v return_v back_o from_o whence_o he_o force_v it_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o whatsoever_o course_n we_o take_v to_o force_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o much_o only_o will_v remain_v with_o we_o as_o we_o shall_v gain_v by_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n chap._n xii_o the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v deliver_v or_o receive_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n can_v decrease_v our_o treasure_n the_o merchant_n exchange_n by_o bill_n be_v a_o mean_n and_o practice_n whereby_o they_o that_o have_v money_n in_o one_o country_n may_v deliver_v the_o same_o to_o receive_v that_o again_o in_o another_o country_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o rate_n agree_v upon_o whereby_o the_o lender_n and_o the_o borrower_n be_v accommodate_v without_o transport_v of_o treasure_n from_o state_n to_o state_n these_o exchange_n thus_o make_v between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o contract_v at_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a weight_n and_o fineness_n first_o because_o he_o that_o deliver_v his_o money_n do_v respect_v the_o venture_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o the_o time_n of_o forbearance_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v a_o under_o or_o overvalue_a of_o money_n by_o exchange_n be_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o example_n when_o here_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n then_o shall_v our_o money_n be_v undervalved_n in_o exchange_n because_o they_o who_o take_v up_o the_o money_n see_v it_o so_o plentiful_o thrust_v upon_o they_o do_v thereby_o make_v advantage_n to_o themselves_o in_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o undervalue_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o here_o be_v scarcity_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n the_o deliverer_n will_v make_v the_o same_o advantage_n by_o overvalue_a our_o money_n which_o he_o deliver_v dear_a plenty_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n cheap_a and_o all_o other_o thing_n dear_a and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v make_v all_o good_a thing_n dear_a or_o cheap_a so_o in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n it_o have_v ever_o a_o contrary_n work_v wherefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_n of_o our_o trade_n do_v effectual_o cause_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v either_o general_n or_o particular_a the_o general_n be_v when_o all_o our_o yearly_a traffic_n be_v joint_o value_v as_o i_o have_v former_o show_v the_o particular_a be_v when_o our_o trade_n to_o italy_n france_n turkey_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n be_v several_o consider_v and_o by_o this_o latter_a course_n we_o shall_v perfect_o find_v out_o the_o place_n where_o our_o money_n be_v under_o or_o overvalue_v in_o exchange_n for_o although_o our_o general_a exportation_n of_o ware_n may_v be_v yearly_o more_o in_o value_n than_o that_o which_o be_v import_v whereby_o the_o difference_n be_v make_v good_a to_o we_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n nevertheless_o the_o particular_a trade_n do_v work_v diverse_o for_o peradventure_o the_o low-countries_n may_v bring_v we_o more_o in_o value_n than_o we_o sell_v they_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o then_o do_v the_o low-country_n merchant_n not_o only_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o we_o but_o also_o by_o this_o mean_v money_n be_v plentiful_a here_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n low_o what_o kind_n of_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o it_o be_v therefore_o undervalue_v by_o the_o taker_n as_o i_o have_v before_o declare_v and_o contrary_a wise_a if_o we_o carry_v more_o ware_n to_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o then_o do_v we_o bring_v away_o their_o treasure_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n we_o overvalue_v our_o own_o mony_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v seem_v to_o make_v this_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n by_o exchange_n do_v carry_v it_o out_o

of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o say_v they_o we_o see_v daily_o great_a store_n of_o our_o english_a coin_n carry_v over_o which_o pass_v current_a in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o there_o be_v great_a advantage_n to_o carry_v they_o thither_o to_o save_v the_o loss_n which_o the_o low-country-man_n have_v in_o the_o exchange_n for_o if_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a deliver_v here_o be_v so_o much_o undervalue_v that_o ninety_o pound_n of_o the_o same_o sterling_a money_n carry_v over_o in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v repayment_n and_o full_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o say_v hundred_o pound_n at_o amsterdam_n be_v it_o not_o then_o say_v they_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o will_v make_v a_o full_a and_o plain_a answer_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o undervalue_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n but_o the_o overbalancing_a of_o our_o trade_n that_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n for_o suppose_v that_o our_o whole_a trade_n with_o the_o low-countries_n for_o ware_n bring_v into_o this_o realm_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o dutch_a for_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a and_o that_o all_o our_o commodity_n transport_v into_o the_o say_a low-countries_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o english_a for_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a be_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a can_v exchange_v only_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n with_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n so_o the_o other_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n carry_v that_o away_o in_o mony_n and_o the_o selfsame_a loss_n of_o treasure_n must_v happen_v if_o there_o be_v no_o exchange_n at_o all_o permit_v for_o the_o dutch_a carry_v away_o our_o money_n for_o their_o ware_n and_o we_o bring_v in_o their_o foreign_a coin_n for_o their_o commodity_n there_o will_v be_v still_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n loss_n now_o let_v we_o add_v another_o example_n ground_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a proportion_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low-countries_n the_o dutch_a as_o afore_o write_v may_v exchange_v with_o the_o english_a for_o 400000_o pound_n and_o no_o more_o upon_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n because_o the_o english_a have_v no_o further_o mean_n to_o satisfy_v but_o now_o suppose_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o in_o this_o case_n will_v be_v here_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o dutch_a to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n gain_n the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o stranger_n loss_n and_o our_o gain_n our_o money_n according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o say_v will_v be_v undervalved_n ten_o per_fw-la cent._n then_o be_v it_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a must_v deliver_v four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n to_o have_v the_o englishman_n four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o the_o low-countries_n so_o that_o there_o will_v then_o remain_v but_o 60000_o pound_n for_o the_o dutch_a to_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o they_o and_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n will_v not_o carry_v it_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v but_o rather_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o less_o quantity_n thereof_o to_o be_v export_v than_o will_v be_v do_v at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari._fw-la further_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o english_a merchant_z carried_z out_o as_o much_o ware_n in_o value_n as_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n bring_v in_o whereby_o the_o mean_n be_v equal_a between_o they_o to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o exchange_n without_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o money_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o either_o state_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n for_o his_o occasion_n or_o advantage_n will_v forsake_v this_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v venture_v to_o send_v part_n of_o he_o return_v in_o ready_a mony_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o hereupon_o it_o must_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o dutch_a shall_v want_v just_a so_o much_o mean_n in_o exchange_n with_o the_o english_a who_o therefore_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o like_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dutch_a carry_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o money_n which_o be_v carry_v from_o we_o within_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v not_o considerable_a for_o they_o do_v return_v to_o we_o again_o and_o we_o lose_v those_o money_n only_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o which_o we_o spend_v more_o in_o value_n in_o foreign_a ware_n than_o we_o utter_v of_o our_o own_o commodity_n and_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o get_v our_o treasure_n trade_n 1._o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n 2._o free_a trade_n 3._o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 4._o the_o centre_n of_o trade_n in_o vain_a therefore_o have_v gerard_n malines_n labour_v so_o long_o and_o in_o so_o many_o print_a book_n to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v exhaust_v our_o treasure_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n of_o the_o cause_n attribute_v that_o to_o a_o secondary_a mean_n who_o effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o another_o principal_a efficient_a and_o will_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v although_o the_o say_v secondary_a mean_n be_v not_o at_o all_o as_o vain_o also_o have_v he_o propound_v a_o remedy_n by_o keep_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la by_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v a_o new-found_a office_n without_o example_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o also_o hurtful_a as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o chap._n xiii_o the_o merchant_n who_o be_v a_o mere_a exchanger_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n can_v increase_v or_o decrease_v our_o treasure_n there_o be_v certain_a merchant_n which_o deal_v only_o upon_o all_o advantage_n in_o the_o exchange_n and_o neither_o export_n nor_o import_n ware_n into_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v cause_v some_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o money_n which_o such_o mere_a exchanger_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o say_v they_o sometime_o when_o our_o sterling_a money_n have_v be_v undervalue_v and_o deliver_v here_o for_o amsterdam_n at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n less_o than_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n the_o say_v mere_a exchanger_n may_v take_v here_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o carry_v over_o only_o nine_o hundred_o thereof_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o so_o upon_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a sum_n the_o like_a gain_n be_v make_v in_o three_o month_n time_n but_o here_o we_o must_v know_v that_o although_o this_o mere_a exchanger_n deal_v not_o in_o ware_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o money_n which_o he_o carry_v away_o in_o manner_n afore-written_a must_v necessary_o proceed_v of_o such_o ware_n as_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o merchant_n so_o that_o still_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o merchant_n himself_o have_v carry_v away_o that_o money_n which_o he_o must_v do_v if_o our_o ware_n be_v overbalance_v as_o ever_o they_o be_v when_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v which_o be_v express_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o 12_o chapter_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n by_o the_o say_a advantage_n shall_v bring_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n he_o do_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_o must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o merchant_n himself_o when_o our_o commodity_n overbalance_n foreign_a ware_n but_o in_o these_o occasion_n some_o merchant_n have_v rather_o lose_v by_o deliver_v their_o money_n at_o a_o undervalue_n in_o exchange_n than_o undertake_v to_o hazard_v all_o by_o the_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o these_o mere_a exchanger_n will_v perform_v for_o they_o in_o hope_n of_o gain_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o admirable_a feat_n suppose_v to_o be_v do_v by_o banker_n and_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n although_o i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o uunder-valuation_n of_o our_o money_n

say_a money_n which_o in_o this_o discourse_n upon_o all_o occasion_n i_o think_v i_o have_v repeat_v near_o as_o often_o as_o malines_n in_o his_o book_n do_v make_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v active_a predominant_a overrule_v the_o price_n of_o ware_n and_o monies_n life_n spirit_n and_o the_o worker_n of_o admirable_a feat_n all_o which_o we_o have_v now_o brief_o expound_v and_o let_v no_o man_n admire_v why_o he_o himself_o do_v not_o take_v this_o pain_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o have_v take_v away_o the_o great_a opinion_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o maintain_v of_o the_o exchange_n but_o also_o by_o a_o true_a discovery_n of_o the_o right_a operation_n thereof_o he_o shall_v utter_o have_v overthrow_v his_o par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la which_o project_n if_o it_o have_v prevail_v will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a business_n for_o the_o dutch_a and_o to_o the_o great_a hurt_a of_o this_o commonwealth_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o the_o 12_o chapter_n now_o therefore_o let_v the_o learned_a lawyer_n fall_v cheerful_o to_o his_o book_n again_o for_o the_o merchant_n can_v put_v he_o down_o if_o he_o have_v no_o more_o skill_n than_o admirable_a feat_n when_o they_o may_v be_v so_o easy_o know_v and_o do_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n well_o then_o if_o by_o this_o discovery_n we_o have_v ease_v the_o lawyer_n be_v mind_n and_o take_v off_o the_o edge_n of_o his_o admiration_n let_v he_o now_o play_v his_o part_n and_o take_v out_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n against_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la for_o this_o project_n have_v misinform_v many_o and_o put_v we_o to_o trouble_v to_o expound_v these_o riddle_n nay_o but_o stay_v a_o while_n can_v all_o this_o pass_n for_o currant_n to_o slight_v a_o business_n thus_o which_o the_o author_n say_v have_v be_v so_o serious_o observe_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n and_o those_o worthy_a merchant_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n and_o also_o condemn_v by_o those_o french_a king_n lewis_n ix_o philip_n the_o fair_a and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o confiscation_n of_o the_o banker_n good_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o all_o this_o require_v a_o answer_n which_o in_o part_n be_v already_o do_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o state_n find_v out_o the_o evil_a but_o they_o miss_v of_o the_o remedy_n and_o yet_o what_o remedy_n this_o shall_v be_v no_o man_n can_v tell_v for_o there_o be_v none_o apply_v but_o all_o practice_n and_o use_v in_o exchange_n stand_v still_o to_o this_o day_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o do_v at_o the_o time_n when_o these_o feat_n be_v discover_v for_o the_o state_n know_v well_o that_o there_o need_v no_o remedy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o disease_n well_o then_o how_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o do_v absolute_o condemn_v the_o banker_n and_o confiscate_v their_o good_n yes_o well_o enough_o for_o the_o banker_n may_v perhaps_o be_v condemn_v for_o something_o do_v in_o their_o exchange_n against_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o their_o profession_n may_v still_o be_v lawful_a as_o it_o be_v in_o italy_n and_o france_n itself_o to_o this_o day_n nay_o we_o will_v grant_v likewise_o that_o the_o bank_n be_v banish_v when_o the_o banker_n be_v punish_v yet_o all_o this_o prove_v nothing_o against_o exchanger_n for_o king_n and_o state_n enact_v many_o statute_n and_o sudden_o repeal_v they_o they_o do_v and_o undo_v prince_n may_v err_v or_o else_o malines_n be_v gross_o mistake_v 79._o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 76_o 77_o 78_o 79._o where_o he_o set_v down_o 35_o several_a statute_n and_o other_o ordinance_n enact_v by_o this_o state_n in_o 350_o year_n time_n to_o remedy_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o yet_o all_o be_v find_v defective_a only_o his_o reformation_n of_o the_o exchange_n or_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la be_v effectual_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v he_o but_o we_o know_v better_o and_o so_o we_o leave_v he_o i_o may_v here_o take_v occasion_n to_o say_v something_o against_o another_o project_n of_o the_o same_o brood_n that_o late_o attend_v upon_o the_o success_n of_o this_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v which_o be_v the_o change_a and_o rechange_v here_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n bullion_n and_o monies_n foreign_a or_o sterling_a to_o pass_v only_o by_o a_o office_n call_v the_o king_n be_v royal_a exchanger_n or_o his_o deputy_n pay_v they_o a_o penny_n upon_o the_o value_n of_o every_o noble_a which_o may_v raise_v much_o to_o their_o private_a good_a and_o destroy_v more_o to_o the_o public_a hurt_n for_o it_o will_v decay_v the_o king_n coinage_n deprive_v the_o kingdom_n of_o much_o treasure_n abridge_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o just_a liberty_n and_o utter_o overthrow_v the_o worthy_a trade_n of_o goldsmith_n all_o which_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a to_o the_o weak_a understanding_n i_o will_v therefore_o omit_v to_o amplisie_n upon_o these_o particular_n chap._n xv._o of_o some_o excess_n and_o evil_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o notwithstanding_o decay_v not_o our_o trade_n nor_o treasure_n it_o be_v not_o my_o intent_n to_o excuse_v or_o extenuate_v any_o the_o least_o excess_n or_o evil_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o rather_o high_o to_o approve_v and_o commend_v that_o which_o by_o other_o have_v be_v speak_v and_o write_v against_o such_o abuse_n yet_o in_o this_o discourse_n of_o treasure_n as_o i_o have_v already_o set_v down_o affirmative_o which_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o may_v either_o augment_v or_o decrease_v the_o same_o so_o be_v it_o not_o impertinent_a to_o continue_v my_o negative_a declaration_n of_o those_o enormity_n and_o action_n which_o can_v work_v these_o effect_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v for_o in_o redress_n of_o this_o important_a business_n if_o we_o mistake_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o malady_n we_o shall_v ever_o apply_v such_o cure_n as_o will_v at_o least_o delay_n if_o not_o confound_v the_o remedy_n let_v we_o then_o begin_v with_o usury_n which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o charity_n and_o that_o they_o who_o be_v rich_a will_v lend_v to_o the_o poor_a free_o it_o be_v a_o work_n please_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o take_v it_o in_o the_o degree_n it_o now_o stand_v how_o can_v we_o well_o say_v that_o as_o usury_n increase_v so_o trade_n decrease_v for_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o man_n give_v over_o trading_n and_o buy_v land_n or_o put_v out_o their_o money_n to_o use_v when_o they_o be_v grow_v rich_a or_o old_a or_o for_o some_o other_o the_o like_a occasion_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o trade_n must_v lessen_v for_o this_o course_n in_o the_o rich_a give_v opportunity_n present_o to_o the_o young_a and_o poor_a merchant_n to_o rise_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o enlarge_v their_o deal_n to_o the_o performance_n whereof_o if_o they_o want_v mean_n of_o their_o own_o they_o may_v and_o do_v take_v it_o up_o at_o interest_n so_o that_o our_o money_n lie_v not_o dead_a it_o be_v still_o trade_a how_o many_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n have_v begin_v with_o little_a or_o nothing_o of_o their_o own_o and_o yet_o be_v grow_v very_o rich_a by_o trade_n with_o other_o man_n money_n do_v we_o not_o know_v that_o when_o trading_n be_v quick_a and_o good_a many_o man_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o experience_n and_o have_v credit_n to_o take_v up_o money_n at_o interest_n do_v trade_n for_o much_o more_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a of_o their_o own_o stock_n by_o which_o diligence_n of_o the_o industrious_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v increase_v the_o money_n of_o widow_n orphan_n lawyer_n gentleman_n and_o other_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o themselves_o have_v no_o skill_n to_o perform_v we_o find_v at_o this_o present_a that_o notwithstanding_o the_o poverty_n we_o be_v fall_v into_o by_o the_o excess_n and_o loss_n of_o late_a time_n yet_o that_o many_o man_n have_v much_o money_n in_o their_o chest_n and_o know_v not_o how_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o because_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o take_v the_o same_o at_o interest_n although_o at_o low_a rate_n in_o regard_n there_o be_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n in_o spain_n and_o in_o france_n whereby_o he_o can_v employ_v his_o own_o mean_n much_o less_o other_o man_n money_n so_o that_o for_o these_o and_o some_o other_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v we_o may_v conclude_v contrary_a to_o those_o who_o affirm_v that_o trade_n decrease_v as_o usury_n increase_v for_o they_o rise_v

granary_n and_o storehouse_n with_o that_o famous_a arsenal_n of_o the_o venetian_n be_v to_o be_v admire_v for_o the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o building_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o store_n both_o for_o lea_n and_o land_n the_o multitude_n of_o the_o workman_n the_o divernty_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o art_n with_o the_o order_n of_o the_o government_n they_o be_v rare_a and_o worthy_a thing_n for_o prince_n to_o behold_v and_o imitate_v for_o majesty_n without_o providence_n of_o competent_a force_n and_o ability_n of_o necessary_a provision_n be_v un-assured_n chap._n xix_o of_o some_o different_a effect_n which_o proceed_v from_o natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n and_o therein_o show_v how_o much_o art_n do_v add_v to_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v yet_o needful_a to_o handle_v these_o particular_n apart_o that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o better_o discern_v their_o several_a operation_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o effect_n whereof_o i_o may_v draw_v some_o comparison_n from_o turkey_n and_o italy_n or_o from_o some_o other_o remote_a country_n but_o i_o will_v not_o range_v so_o far_o have_v matter_n sufficient_a herein_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o make_v this_o business_n plain_a wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o england_n brief_o and_o only_o in_o general_a term_n to_o show_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o this_o famous_a nation_n with_o some_o principal_a effect_n which_o they_o produce_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o we_o due_o consider_v england_n largeness_n beauty_n fertility_n strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n in_o multitude_n of_o warlike_a people_n horse_n ship_n ammunition_n advantageous_a situation_n for_o defence_n and_o trade_n number_n of_o seaport_n and_o harbour_n which_o be_v of_o difficult_a access_n to_o enemy_n and_o of_o easy_a outlet_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n wealth_n by_o excellent_a fleece-wools_a iron_n lead_v tin_n saffron_n corn_n victual_n hide_n wax_n and_o other_o natural_a endowment_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o kingdom_n capable_a to_o sit_v as_o master_n of_o a_o monarchy_n for_o what_o great_a glory_n and_o advantage_n can_v any_o powerful_a nation_n have_v than_o to_o be_v thus_o rich_o and_o natural_o possess_v of_o all_o thing_n needful_a for_o food_n raiment_n war_n and_o peace_n not_o only_o for_o its_o own_o plentiful_a use_n but_o also_o to_o supply_v the_o want_v of_o other_o nation_n in_o such_o a_o measure_n that_o much_o money_n may_v be_v thereby_o get_v yearly_a to_o make_v the_o happiness_n complete_a for_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o notwithstanding_o that_o excessive_a consumption_n of_o this_o kingdom_n alone_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o scotland_n there_o be_v export_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la of_o of_o our_o own_o native_a commodity_n for_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a or_o somewhat_o more_o so_o that_o if_o we_o be_v not_o too_o much_o affect_v to_o pride_n monstrous_a fashion_n and_o riot_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n one_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o pound_n may_v plentiful_o supply_v our_o unnecessary_a want_n as_o i_o may_v term_v they_o of_o silk_n sugar_n spice_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o so_o that_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v yearly_o treasure_v up_o in_o money_n to_o make_v the_o kingdom_n exceed_v rich_a and_o powerful_a in_o short_a time_n but_o this_o great_a plenty_n which_o we_o enjoy_v make_v we_o a_o people_n not_o only_o vicious_a and_o excessive_a wasteful_a of_o the_o mean_v we_o have_v but_o also_o improvident_a and_o careless_a of_o much_o other_o wealth_n that_o shameful_o we_o lose_v which_o be_v the_o fish_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v of_o no_o less_o consequence_n than_o all_o our_o other_o riches_n which_o we_o export_v and_o vent_v to_o stranger_n stranger_n the_o fruit_n of_o idleness_n which_o be_v england_n common_a reproach_n among_o stranger_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n through_o lewd_a idleness_n great_a multitude_n of_o our_o people_n cheat_n roar_v rob_n hang_v beg_v cant_n pine_n and_o perish_v which_o by_o this_o mean_n and_o maintenance_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v to_o the_o further_a wealth_n and_o srength_n of_o these_o kingdom_n especial_o by_o sea_n for_o our_o own_o safety_n and_o terror_n of_o our_o enemy_n the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o industrious_a dutch_a do_v give_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o this_o truth_n to_o our_o great_a shame_n and_o no_o less_o peril_n if_o it_o have_v not_o a_o timely_a prevention_n for_o whilst_o we_o leave_v our_o wont_a honourable_a exercise_n and_o study_n follow_v our_o pleasure_n and_o of_o late_a year_n besot_v ourselves_o with_o pipe_n and_o pot_n in_o a_o beastly_a manner_n suck_v smoke_n and_o drink_v health_n until_o death_n stare_v many_o in_o the_o face_n the_o say_v dutch_a have_v wellnear_o leave_v this_o swinish_a vice_n and_o take_v up_o our_o wont_a valour_n which_o we_o have_v often_o so_o well_o perform_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o defence_n although_o they_o be_v not_o so_o thankful_a as_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o ingratitude_n the_o netherlander_n ingratitude_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v this_o that_o the_o general_a leprosy_n of_o our_o pipe_v pot_v feast_v fashion_n and_o misspend_v our_o time_n in_o idleness_n and_o pleasure_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o use_v of_o other_o nation_n have_v make_v we_o effeminate_a in_o our_o body_n weak_a in_o our_o knowledge_n poor_a in_o our_o treasure_n decline_v in_o our_o valour_n unfortunate_a in_o our_o erterprise_n and_o contemn_v by_o our_o enemy_n i_o write_v the_o more_o of_o these_o excess_n because_o they_o do_v so_o great_o waste_v our_o wealth_n which_o be_v the_o main_a subject_n of_o this_o whole_a book_n be_v discourse_n for_o all_o christendom_n to_o admire_v and_o fear_v if_o we_o will_v but_o add_v art_n to_o nature_n our_o labour_n to_o our_o natural_a mean_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o have_v give_v a_o notable_a advantage_n to_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o hollander_n whereof_o i_o will_v brief_o say_v something_o in_o the_o next-place_n but_o first_o i_o will_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n concern_v our_o clothing_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a wealth_n and_o best_a employment_n of_o the_o poor_a of_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o nevertheless_o we_o may_v peradventure_o employ_v ourselves_o with_o better_a safety_n plenty_n and_o profit_n in_o use_v more_o tillage_n and_o fish_n than_o to_o trust_v so_o whole_o to_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n for_o in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o by_o other_o occasion_n if_o some_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v prohibit_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o their_o dominion_n it_o may_v sudden_o cause_v much_o poverty_n and_o dangerous_a uproar_n especial_o by_o our_o poor_a people_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o ordinary_a maintenance_n which_o can_v so_o easy_o fail_v they_o when_o their_o labour_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o say_a diversity_n of_o employment_n whereby_o also_o many_o thousand_o will_v be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o do_v the_o kingdom_n good_a service_n in_o occasion_n of_o war_n especial_o by_o sea_n and_o so_o leave_v england_n we_o will_v pass_v over_o into_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o as_o plenty_n and_o power_n do_v make_v a_o nation_n vicious_a and_o improvident_a so_o penury_n and_o want_n do_v make_v a_o people_n wise_a and_o industrious_a concern_v the_o last_o of_o these_o i_o may_v instance_n divers_a commonwealth_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n industry_n the_o hollander_n improvement_n and_o industry_n do_v notwithstanding_o purchase_v great_a wealth_n and_o strength_n by_o their_o industrious_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n among_o which_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n be_v now_o of_o great_a note_n and_o fame_n for_o since_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o spanish_a slavery_n how_o wonderful_o be_v they_o improve_v in_o all_o human_a policy_n what_o great_a mean_n have_v they_o obtain_v in_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o power_n of_o so_o great_a a_o enemy_n and_o be_v not_o all_o this_o perform_v by_o their_o continual_a industry_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v not_o their_o province_n the_o magizine_n and_o store_n house_n of_o ware_n for_o most_o place_n of_o christendom_n whereby_o their_o wealth_n ship_n mariner_n art_n people_n and_o thereby_o the_o public_a revenue_n and_o excise_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o wonderful_a height_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o time_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o their_o present_a

be_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o protest_v be_v make_v in_o due_a time_n and_o lawful_a diligence_n use_v for_o receipt_n of_o the_o money_n by_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a according_a to_o his_o duty_n that_o so_o the_o drawer_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o his_o neglect_n it_o be_v good_a to_o walk_v secure_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n at_o all_o in_o protest_v within_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a but_o there_o may_v be_v danger_n in_o forbear_v to_o protest_v within_o that_o time_n wherefore_o my_o advice_n be_v let_v the_o party_n up_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v be_v never_o so_o good_a and_o able_a a_o man_n if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v within_o the_o time_n accustom_v cause_v the_o bill_n present_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n bill_n payable_a at_o a_o prefix_a day_n a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v at_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o dousual_o write_v new_a stile_n which_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a stile_n be_v old_a stile_n and_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o month_n you_o must_v know_v in_o this_o case_n that_o you_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n but_o you_o be_v only_o to_o look_v to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n positive_o express_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o that_o very_a day_n of_o the_o month_n according_a to_o our_o stile_n here_o in_o england_n must_v be_v expire_v before_o the_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a and_o a_o bill_n so_o make_v payable_a be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n new_a stile_n except_o the_o same_o be_v so_o particular_o express_v but_o on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n old_a stile_n according_a to_o the_o stile_n and_o usual_a computation_n observe_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v payable_a as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a in_o this_o manner_n follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o amsterdam_n the_o seven_o of_o february_n 1655._o for_o 200_o l._n sterling_a on_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o march_n next_o pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n robert_n w._n or_o his_o assign_v the_o sum_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o mr._n charles_n d._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_v as_o per_fw-la advice_n francis_n p._n to_o mr._n george_n h._n merchant_n in_o london_n p_o ●_o this_o bill_n of_o exchange_n will_v not_o be_v due_a until_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o march_n english_a stile_n and_o it_o can_v be_v account_v due_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o on_o the_o twenty_o seven_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n which_o be_v the_o nine_o of_o march_n new_a stile_n for_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o stile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a and_o not_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o place_n or_o country_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v date_v for_o suppose_v now_o mr._n robert_n w._n in_o the_o bill_n mention_v shall_v demand_v payment_n of_o this_o bill_n on_o the_o last_o of_o february_n and_o first_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n and_o mr._n george_n h._n shall_v tell_v he_o that_o he_o will_v pay_v it_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n our_o stile_n when_o due_a according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o not_o before_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o any_o notary_n if_o he_o understand_v himself_o can_v protest_v upon_o such_o a_o answer_n or_o can_v draw_v out_o any_o legal_a protest_v for_o non_fw-fr payment_n before_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n be_v expire_v for_o pray_v observe_v if_o the_o notary_n date_v his_o protest_n for_o nonpayment_n on_o any_o day_n before_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a he_o will_v make_v his_o protest_n bear_v date_n before_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a and_o so_o will_v be_v illegal_o make_v and_o even_o the_o protest_v itself_o will_v carry_v that_o along_o with_o it_o which_o will_v certain_o cut_v its_o own_o throat_n for_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a the_o nine_o and_o the_o protest_n will_v bear_v date_n before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v as_o may_v evident_o appear_v and_o yet_o this_o very_a case_n to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v stumble_v a_o merchant_n of_o no_o small_a rank_n and_o commerce_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n who_o have_v such_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o he_o will_v fam_fw-la have_v persuade_v himself_o for_o the_o acceptor_n nor_o i_o he_o can_v not_o that_o the_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a the_o 27_o old_a stile_n and_o if_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v will_v not_o so_o accept_v it_o my_o merchant_n be_v very_o earnest_a to_o have_v a_o protest_v make_v whereupon_o to_o make_v thing_n plain_a and_o thereby_o convince_v he_o of_o his_o error_n i_o direct_v the_o acceptor_n to_o underwrite_v the_o bill_n thus_o accept_v to_o pay_v the_o nine_o of_o march_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o when_o my_o merchant_n behold_v and_o well_o consider_v he_o perceive_v his_o error_n and_o well_o approve_v of_o the_o acceptance_n for_o it_o be_v good_a and_o so_o tarry_v till_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n for_o his_o money_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v acceptance_n by_o wife_n or_o servant_n a_o man_n wife_n or_o friend_n or_o servant_n can_v accept_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o he_o in_o his_o absence_n without_o sufficient_a authority_n from_o he_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n under_o his_o hand_n and_o seal_v deliver_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o sufficient_a witness_n for_o the_o do_v thereof_o a_o man_n word_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v to_o his_o wife_n friend_n or_o servant_n if_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v come_v draw_v on_o i_o in_o my_o absence_n accept_v they_o for_o i_o be_v not_o sufficient_a neither_o will_v a_o bare_a letter_n serve_v write_v to_o his_o wife_n friend_n or_o servant_n but_o there_o must_v be_v hand_n and_o seal_v and_o witness_n which_o if_o occasion_n be_v may_v prove_v his_o legal_a consent_n to_o such_o acceptance_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n without_o valuable_a consideration_n or_o without_o his_o own_o free_a consent_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o wife_n or_o servant_n have_v former_o accept_v several_a bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o like_a kind_n and_o when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o they_o be_v draw_v have_v come_v to_o town_n he_o have_v approve_v thereof_o and_o pay_v the_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n and_o so_o the_o wife_n or_o servant_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o that_o this_o can_v be_v prove_v i_o conceive_v it_o will_v come_v very_o close_o to_o he_o but_o we_o hold_v a_o legal_a order_n for_o acceptance_n ought_v to_o be_v grant_v by_o letter_n of_o attorney_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_v as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v a_o bill_n draw_v at_o one_o place_n and_o payable_a at_o another_o if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o man_n live_v at_o one_o place_n or_o city_n and_o pay_v able_a to_o a_o man_n live_v at_o another_o place_n and_o that_o the_o money_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v do_v dwell_v but_o in_o some_o other_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a do_v live_v or_o at_o a_o place_n for_o and_o at_o which_o there_o be_v a_o usual_a course_n of_o exchange_n and_o that_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v do_v dwell_v some_o score_n of_o mile_n off_o from_o thence_o such_o a_o bill_n as_o this_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v to_o your_o hand_n you_o may_v send_v it_o down_o to_o some_o friend_n in_o the_o same_o town_n where_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v do_v live_v to_o get_v acceptance_n thereof_o and_o then_o to_o be_v return_v to_o you_o but_o when_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a you_o need_v not_o seek_v far_o for_o payment_n than_o at_o the_o house_n or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a and_o in_o default_n thereof_o you_o must_v there_o cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v in_o due_a form_n as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v from_o roven_n and_o direct_v thus_o to_o mr._n william_n p._n merchant_n at_o southampton_n but_o make_v payable_a thus_o pay_v this_o my_o first_o of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n samuel_n b._n