People should make disturbance within sent to him about an agreement He refused to admit of any addresse made to him as a private man so that they were forced to treat with him as Consul and desired he would swear to abstain from blood This he flatly refused to do but promised that wittingly and willingly he would not be the cause of any mans death so he was received and the Law abrogated for banishing Marius and his associates Getteth into Rome and there cruelly rageth with Cinna his Collegue Upon their entrance began plundering and slaughters in all places Octavius though having the oath both of Cinna and Marius refusing to flye from his charge was killed and his head set upon the Rostra to which was afterwards added that of Antonius Grand-father to the Triumvir an excellent Orator who for a good space defended himself by his eloquence from the Soldiers and several others None were spared either for dignity worth or age The dead bodies being mangled and abused otherwise were left to be torn in pieces by dogs and fowls none daring to bury them All Sylla's friends were killed his house defaced and his goods put to sale he being judged and declared an Enemy Merula though he never sought the Consulship but had it put upon him and Catulu having their dayes set them to answer destroyed themselves 6. Cinna and Marius having thus satisfied their bloody minds made themselves Consuls for the following year But Marius died ere the moneths end having born this Office now seven times a man more profitable to his Country in the time of War than of Peace Dieth To him succeeded Valerius Flaccus whom Cinna sent into Asia to supply the room of Sylla there But he by this time had done the work and was coming home to revenge the former injuries having subdued Mithridates in lesse than three years killed 160000 of his men recovered Grecce Macedonia Ionia Asia and other Countries which he had got into his hands taken his Navy from him and forced him to be content with his own inheritance These things are to be declared in order 7. After Mithridates had taken Aquilius with the rest A. M. 3917. and seized upon Asia and other Countries whilst Sylla was at Rome setling things there against Marius and his faction as is before shewed he sent his letters abroad into all the Cities of Asia willing them at one day prefixed to kill all Italians and Romans Mithridates causeth 80000 Italians and Romans or more in one day to be killed with their wives and children and cast them out unburied then to seize on their estates taking one part to themselves Valer. Max. l. 9. c. 2. Ext. exemp 3. Plutarch in Sylla and reserving the other for his use This was accordingly done and 80000 according to some according to others 150000 perished in one day Then went he into the Island Cous where getting great treasure into his hands there laid up by one of the Cleopatraes he departed to Rhodes and all manner of waies attempted to take the City though without successe such was the constancy and fidelity of the Rhodians towards the Romans amongst other confederates which universally revolted Then sent he Archelaus his General into Greece leaving Pelopidas in Lycia to carry on the War there he himself providing Forces and punishing such as he found inclinable towards the Romans 8. Archelaus first recovered Delos which from the Athenians had revolted to the Romans then joyned he to himself the Achaians Lacaedemoniads and Boeotians After this he was fought by Brittius who had put to flight Metrophanes sent also into Greece from the King but having fresh supplies Brittius withdrew himself to the Piraeus or Haven of Athens Vide Appian in Mithridaticis Plutarch in Sylla which shortly after Archelaus took in with his Fleet. Now Sylla arrived in Greece with five Legions and some Companies of Horse Sylla arriving in Greece and having furnished himself with money and provisions in Aetolia and Thessaly marched into Attica against Archelaus almost whole Boeotia with Thebes the chief City revolting to him in his passage He besieged Archelaus in the Piraeus a very strong place as fenced with a wall almost 40 cubits high consisting of square stones and built by Pericles during the first motions of the Peloponnesian War Having also besieged Athens it self he spent the whole Summer in the siege and at length took it the Inhabitants being unable to make any more resistance through famine which so far prevailed as they made meat of sodden lether Taketh Athens and the Piraeus and overthrows Archelaus the Kings General once and fed upon the bodies of dead men The Piraeus was also shortly after taken and the walls thereof demolished with the Arcenal and all the rarities therein were destroyed Then Sylla followed Archelaus through Boeotia and fought with him near Cheronea in a place so straight that no way being open for flight he slew so many that of 120000 not many more than 10000 remained this being an Army sent over by the King out of his new Provinces 9. Mithridates put divers Princes of his newly conquered Provinces to death for fear they should kill or betray him by which cruelty he lost all Gallograecia Ephesus also and other towns revolted from him whereof such as he recovered he used cruelly Appian ut supra Orosius lib. 6. cap. 2. Florus l. 3. c. 5. and afterwards fearing a general defection to purchase favour he set the Greek Cities at liberty Some that conspired his death were discovered and upon suspition were 1600 men made away Then sent he another supply to Archelaus of 80000 men which with the other 10000 remaining of the former Army were routed by Sylla near Orchomenes and about 15000 being slain the rest betaking themselves to their Camp were also killed or taken And again a vast slaughter having been made Archelaus having lost his son Diogenes hid himself in a fen and thence fled to Chalcis once more After this Sylla chastized the Boeotians for their ficklenesse for they would stand to neither party long and took up his Winter quarters in Thessaly providing himself of shipping because he heard nothing of Lucullus whom he had sent into Aegypt to procure a Navy Now at this time was Flaccus who had succeeded Marius sent into Asia by Cinna to succeed Sylla Him Fimbria his Quaestor killed in a quarrel about lodging being hated by his Soldiers and he headed his Army with which he several times fought and that prosperously against Mithridates his son and drove the King himself into Pergamus and thence to Pitane where he took ship and fled to Mitylene and might have been taken if Lucullus would Then did Fimbria haraze Cappadocia and burnt Ilium the daughter of Troy for that the Inhabitants had given up themselves to Sylla and not to him so that though a Roman and so akin to them he is said to have used them
contended not Cleareth himself but that very night sent for Carpenters who demolished the house ere morning the next day the People were presented with a new and unexpected sight which fully altered their opinion concerning Valerius who now wanting an house of his own was glad to accept of the courtesie of friends till the People gave him a place wherein he built a mansion lesse stately than the former Further that he might render not onely himself but also his Office in stead of terrible familiar and acceptable to all he removed Axes from the bundle of Rods and the Rods themselves vvhen he came into the Assembly he bowed or vailed to the People thereby intimating that in them lay the chief power which custom his Successors followed Hereby as to his own person he lesned not himself but cut off envy and got so much power as he renounced of liberty the People willingly submitting to him because he flattered them out of which respect they gave him the Sirname of Poplicola not Publicola as Sigonius hath evinced He gave free leave to any to sue for the Consulship but before a Colleague should be joyned with him being ignorant what might happen and fearing he might either through emulation or ignorance crosse his designs by his sole authority he gave birth to several Popular Constitutions which at length produced such effects as shewed the excellency of that Government which he had helped to destroy 11. First he filled up the Senate which had been exhausted by an addition of 164 Persons as some delivered the number Then made he several Laws His constitutions which gave beginning to that paramount or rampant liberty whereof the People was afterwards possessed By one he gave leave to an accused person to appeal from the Consuls to the People By another he made it death for any one to take upon him an Office of Magistracy without the People's order A third gave relief to poor Citizens by taking away the payment of Tribute Another punished disobedience towards the Consuls and appointed the mulct to be the price of five Oxen and two Sheep the price of a Sheep was ten Oboli each Obolus was worth 1 d. q. and 100 the value of an Oxe For at that time the use of money was but rare amongst the Romans wealth consisting in plenty of Cattel whence riches were afterwards called Peculia from Pecus and upon the antient money an Oxe Sheep or Hog was stamped which gave it the name of Pecunia and hence they imposed upon their sons as Plutarch observeth the names of Suillii Bubulci Caprarii and Porcii Another Law Valerius made which gave power to any man to kill him unheard that affected the Supreme power if he could demonstrate the crime The last was a Law for the creation of two Quaestors or publick Treasurers as Plutarch writeth For it being necessary that the People should contribute money for maintenance of Wars he would neither undertake the keeping of it himself nor commit the care of it to his friends neither thought it convenient that the Publick money should be kept in a private house therefore he made the Temple of Saturn the Aerarium or Treasury and caused the People to chuse out two young men to be Quaestors The Quaestors The first were P. Veturius and M. Minucius A great quantity of money was now brought into the Aerarium For at the Census 130000 were cessed or valued besides Widdows and Orphans Thus much Plutarch delivereth concerning this Office 12. But some give a more antient beginning to the Quaestors making theirs antienter than any Office except that of the Kings (a) Lib. de Potestatibus Gracchanus a Lawyer wrote When first made that both Romulus and Numa had their Quaestors created by the consent of the People however he saith it is certain that Tullus Hostilius had his (b) Lib. de officio Quaestoris Ulpian confirmeth the later and (c) Annal. l. 16. 11. Tacitus seemeth to agree with either of them affirming that under the Kings there were Quaestors which the Lex curiata sheweth that was renewed by L. Brutus He addeth that the Consuls had power to chuse them till the People took that honour to it self and first of all created Valerius Potitus and Aemilius Mamercus that they might follow the Army in the 63 year after the banishment of Tarquinius Lipsius thinketh this number should be read 23 that it might agree with (d) Lib. 8. Dionysius and also (e) Lib. 3. Livie who first mentioneth the Quaestors in the 269 year of the City 23 years after the banishment of the King and differeth onely in one of their names having for Aemilius Caeso Fabius Concerning the antiquity of these Officers (f) Lib. 2. ff de Orig. Juris Pomponius also the Lawyer agreeth with the rest They had their name à quaerendo saith (g) De Lingua Latin lib. 4. pag. 22. ex Edit Joseph Scalig. Varro because they made inquiry after publick money and also Malefactors or the actions of such which later employment was afterwards committed to the Triumviri for capital matters so that Quaestor is written as for Quaesitor Justus Lipsius is of opinion that though the Kings might have these Officers for the punishment of vice yet the Treasurers were not created till the change of the Government when the Publick Treasure being increased there was need of such At the beginning they were but two by consent of all Their number and those were made for the City retaining afterwards the name of Urbani But afterward when they were to look to the paying of the Armies abroad and selling plunder and booty then were there other two made to accompany the Consuls as Livie saith which hapned about the 232 year of the City 13. This number long continued until all Italy was brought in then was it again doubled no fewer than eight being thought to suffice for the Tributes of the Provinces and this hapned when Silver money was first coined about the 439 year of the City as may be gathered from the Epitome of Livie's 15 Book Not long after Sylla procured by a Law that twenty should be made for the assistance of the Senate as Tacitus writeth to which he had delivered the judicial power and for such an end did Caesar cause fourty to be created The Quaestorship was the first step to Offices of Magistracy Their duty as is clear from several Authors was to gather lay up and pay out the publick revenues Their duty to keep the military Ensignes of Gold and Silver for they then used no banners in the Treasury to sell plunder and booty receive lodge and carry out Ambassadors They had also the government of certain places as Ostia and Cales They received from Augustus the privilege of keeping the Senatus consulta which formerly belonged to the Aediles and Tribunes And the Emperours had a certain Quaestor of their own called Candidatus
but the better sort interposed themselves and prevailed with both parties to agree the Soldiers consenting to depart the Island with their goods These Mercenaries marching away came to Messene a Sea-town standing over against Italy Idem ibid. Polybius lib. 1. where being kindly entertained by the Inhabitants they so well requited them that in the night they massacred them all and marying their wives seized upon the Town The mercenaries massacre the Messenians and the Roman Soldiers those of Rhegium which they called in their own Campanian language Mamertina Mars in that tongue being named Mamers Over against this Town stood Rhegium upon the promontory of Italy Diodorus Excerpt l. 22. which being in danger now in the War betwixt the Romans and the Tarentines the Inhabitants desired of the Romans to have a Party sent them for their defence which being also Campanians in imitation of what their Countrymen had done at Messene and by their help they also killed or expelled the Inhabitants and seized upon their Town and territories Decius their chief Commander they banished for the unequal division of the prey who going thence to Messene fell ill afterwards of his eyes and sent to Rhegium for an expert Physician in this kind who coming to him in revenge of what he had done to his Country applied Cantharides to his eyes instead of salve and utterly blinded him And when the Romans were once disintangled from the War having grievously resented the treachery of their Soldiers they besieged them in the Town which taking they brought 300 of them to Rome and in the market-place first whipped and then beheaded them after the custom of their Ancestors to vindicate their credit with their confederates 25. In Sicilie were now many petty Tyrants Hicetas at Syracuse Phintias at Agrigentum and several others at other places These two fell out and warred with each other insomuch that by reason of their mutual excursions and depredations their ground lay untilled Hicetas having still the upper hand of the other was so elevated that he ventured to fight with the Carthaginians at the River Teria but it proved to the great losse of his men Plutarch in Pyrrh Ever since the death of Agathocles had the Syracusians laboured with all their might to reduce that whole Island into their power and now at this time rather doubling their diligence than at all slacking their endeavours sent over into Italy to Pyrrhus King of Epirus who now was busie in War against the Romans being called thither by the Tarentines desiring aid of him for the expelling of the Africans and to take upon him the protection of Sicilie Hicetas having held the Dominion of Syracuse nine years Diodorus ibid. was then ejected by Thynio Pyrrhus King of Epirus called over into Sicily by the Syracusians who together with Sostratus were so vexed with the Carthaginian War that they again called Pyrrhus into Sicilie The Mamertines entered into League with the Carthaginians and resolved if possible to hinder his landing the Romans were also by reason of their enmity with him easily drawn into the confederacy so that the Straights of Sicily were narrowly watched He delaying his coming till the next year the Carthaginians sent back thirty of their ships upon other occasions and besieged Syracuse A. M. 3728. Ol. 125. an 4. V. C. 477. Antioc Soteris 6. Ptol. Philadelph 8. But then he having been in Italy now two years and four moneths without successe passed over without control and came directly to Syracuse where the Carthaginians lying incamped with no lesse than 50000 men having also 100 ships at anchor in the Haven yet upon his approach raised their siege not daring to try the hazard of a battel 26. Pyrrhus coming to the City reconciled the Inhabitants to their Governours for which getting great favour and receiving messages from diverse Cities which gave up themselves into his hands he not onely thought now of gaining Sicily which he intended to give to his son Justin lib. 23. begotten on Lanassa the daughter of Agathocles as Italy to another but of laying Africk it self also to his Dominions Making a journey through the Island Diodorus ut suprà he received the Cities to protection and within a short space subdued all the places held by the Carthaginians except Lilybaeum a Town built upon the Sea by their Ancestors Prospereth after that Dionysius had taken Motya After he had been some time before it though a great supply had arrived yet sent they also to him offering him money to raise his siege and he was inclined to accept of the offer but his friends in Council perswaded him by all means to refuse it and utterly expel the Africans out of Sicily Then did he with all his might attempt the taking of the place by force but it being strongly defended he every time came off with losse and finally after he had continued the siege for two moneths rose up and departed Plutarch ut priùs After this he had thoughts of becoming master at Sea and transporting his Army into Africk but behaving himself too Magisterially in the preparation for this attempt he lost himself exceedingly and then suspecting the fidelity of Thaemo and Sostratus the one he compelled by fear to revolt from him and the later he slew as guilty of the same intention But by his cruelty loseth himself and departeth This so provoked the Cities that some revolted back to the Carthaginians and others to the Mamertines so that perceiving a great defection and a conspiracy also hatched against him being now sollicited also by the Samnites and Tarentines for more aid he departed again into Italy being opposed so in his passage by the Carthaginians on the Sea and that he lost most of his ships and so much after he had landed by the Mamertines who had before wafted over 1000 men that with much ado he got safe to Tarentum 27. After the departure of Pyrrhus Polybius lib. 1. the Soldiers which quartered in the Towns near to Syracuse beyond all example created two Magistrates out of their own body Artemidorus Hiero to the great indignation of the people Justin ut priùs which took it in disdain that their privilege should be thus usurped by the Army The Syracusian Soldiers created two Magistrates Artemidorus and Hiero. Yet afterwards did they confirm the honour unto Hiero for his great moderation and high abilities who being the son of Hierocles had strange presages whilest yet a Child concerning his future Dignity He perceiving how in the absence of the Praetor the Syracusians were apt to be seditious and attempt new matters entred into affinity with Leptines by marrying his daughter whom he knew to be the most considerable man and of great Authority amongst the vulgar that he might supply his place as it were in his absence and contain the people in obedience After this marriage was over A. M.
the Cimbrian and Italian Wars He began with Paphlagonia Strabo lib. 12. Justin lib. 38. parting it betwixt himself and Nicomedes King of Bithynia and being checked for this by the Romans and commanded to desist he pretended it was his fathers inheritance and to amend the matter he seized on Galatia too Then casting his eye upon Cappadocia he caused to be murthered Ariarathes King thereof and his sisters husband and when she married to Nicomedes he drove out his forces and pretended to seize upon it for the use of her son whom then he murdered also and bestowed it on one of his own sons The Cappadocians refused to obey him and called out of Asia Ariarathes one of their former King's sons but him did Mithridates drive away and he shortly after died Nicomedes afterwards procured one to counterfeit himself the brother of Ariarathes and beg the Kingdom of the people of Rome and he sent his wife thither to aver that she had three sons by Ariarathes Mithridates hereupon sent one to the Senate to affirm that he whom he had placed in Cappadocia was also the son of Ariarathes The Senate interposeth 2. The Senate knowing well the aim of both took from Mithridates Cappadocia and Paphlagonia from Nicomedes who had got it into his hands and left these two Kingdoms to their own liberty But the Cappadocians protested that they could not live without a King and being therefore allowed to chuse one from amongst themselves made choice of one Ariobarzanes Mithridates sorely repining to be thus overruled procured Tigranes the King of Armenia and his son in Law to be an Enemy to the Romans and perswaded him to expel Ariobarzanes whilst he did as much by young Nicomedes who now had succeeded his dead Father Both of these Princes fled to Rome for relief which was decreed them and Commissioners were appointed to re-establish them whereof Manius Aquilius was chief This being performed And restored the Kings he had cast out they perswaded both the Kings to invade Mithridates Nicomedes did it though unwillingly whilst Mithridates opposed him not that he might have an advantage against him onely he sent Pelopidas to the Commissioners to complain of him They considering that Mithridates was a powerful Prince returned this answer that they did neither like that he should molest Nicomedes nor Nicomedes him for the former was not convenient for the Roman Commonwealth He nothing moved with this answer re-invaded Cappadocia sending Pelopidas back with a bold expostulation They hereupon raised a considerable Army against him on their own heads without any decree of Senate or People Nicomedes ingaging first of all with him was put to flight though Mithridates his main body never ingaged and next after him Manius was discomfited But he again recovereth many Countries Then seized Mithridates upon Bithynia Phrygia Mesia Lycia Pamphylia and other Provinces as far as Ionia He took also Q. Oppius and Aquilius the later whereof he killed by melted gold poured into his mouth being ever wont to upbraid the Romans with avarice and corruption 3. The Romans hereupon decreed a War against him A. M. 3917. Ol. 173. an 1. V. C. 666. Seleucid 225. though they were now imployed in the Italian and L. Cornelius Sylla and Q. Pompeius Rufus being Consuls Sylla hath the charge of the War decreed against him it fell by lot unto the former But whilst he was yet imployed in finishing the Italian War about Nola C. Marius who had been six times Consul either moved by a desire of profit or of glory perswaded P. Sulpitius Tribune of the People to prefer a law for transferring the command against Mithridates to himself He drew the People of Italy to his party by promising them that had been of late made free of the City Consule Appianum de bello civili lib. 1. Patercul l. 2. cap. 17 c. Plutarch in Mario Sylla Livii Epitom l. 77. equal privilege with the rest which were distribured into 35 tribes so that the thing was caried on by strong hand and Pompey's son the son in law of Sylla was killed in the heat of contention Sylla hearing of this hasted to the City easily perswading his Army to any thing for that his Soldiers were unwilling that any other should go that Expedition from which they promised themselves so great matters To him his Collegue Pompey joyned and though Marius and the Tribune made all opposition possible with some difficulty they entred the City Which Marius seeking unjustly is driven from the City and declared an Enemy and Marius with his complices betook themselves to their heels Sylla suffered no harm to be done to the Citizens but reversed what Sulpitius had done regulated the Senate and procured Marius with Sulpitius and ten others to be declared Enemies to their Country whom it might be lawful for any to kill and unlawful to harbour their goods also being set to sale 4. Sulpitius was found and put to death Marius hid himself in the fens of Minturnum and being discovered a Gall was sent to kill him but could not do it he was so dashed at his presence so that being conveyed out of that place he escaped into Africk To him Cethegus and others who had fled into Numidia joyned themselves expecting an opportunity to invade their own Country Pompey the Consul to secure Italy was appointed to receive the Army of Cn. Pompey who had done such good service in the Marsian War but the Soldiers unwilling to leave their old General who also took it heavily made away the Consul For the year following L. Cornelius Cinna and C. Octavius were Consuls whereof Cinna as some think corrupted was altogether for the new Denisons and recalled Marius with the rest of the Exiles but he was driven away by his Collegue and L. Merula was put in his place He then going about to the Italian Cities by giving them fresh hopes of equal privilege and pretending that he suffered these things for their sakes got much money Marius also coming over to him they raised a considerable Army wherewith Cinna sate down before the City Marius took Hostia by force Recalled by Cinna and Cinna being not able to do any thing at Rome stormed Ariminum The Consuls for that they could not recall Sylla sent for Metellus then lying in Samnium but he differing with them about some conditions had them granted by Marius to whom then he joyned himself In the mean while the City itself was near being betrayed to Marius by Appius Claudius a Tribune of the Army who being intrusted with the Janiculum thus requited him for former kindnesse 5. Though he and Cinna brake in they were repelled by Octavius and C. Pompey the Proconsul who shortly after was killed with a Thunder-bolt Marius after this took in several Towns about Rome where provisions lay and Cinna by promise of liberty drew many slaves out of the City which the Senate understanding lest the
confusions nay the City was taken by the Galls and razed all but the Capitol through the cowardise of their Tribunes who also being in number three or more by their several opinions confounded their Armies and shewed the truth of that speech of Agamemnon in Homer And this is worthy observation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. that when the contention arose about the Consulship which the Commons would have equally with the Patritians so incredible were those confusions that for five years the Tribuni Plebis those great incendiaries suffered no supreme Magistrates at all to be created 12. All the great conquests afterwards were made by single persons who abroad had alone the command of Armies And so far was this present kind of Government from being instrumental to them that it manifestly hindred and obstructed all good procedings For when a Consul's year was out then must he be recalled Great conquests were made by single persons and a successor sent him though he was in never so fair a way for the conquering of any Nation which at length began to be understood and then was their command continued to them under the name of Proconsuls after which time it was that the great matters were performed before this the Generals being glad to shuffle up a Peace lest they should be defrauded of the credit of ending the Wars by their successors The main cause of the growth of their Empire under the all-disposing Providence of God was the valour and virtue of their Captains and Senators at that time when Pyrrhus set upon them the courage also of the Soldiers was extraordinary so that as Pyrrhus spoke of himself a King whose command and conduct would have been constant and uncontroled might have done greater wonders with such men But as for the Government so far was it from contributing to justice or virtue that even in these times which their Writers so celebrate for these things the multitude having by the Hortensian Law wrested this power from the Senate to oblige all whatsoever by their Plebiscita decreed aid to be sent to the Mamertines though against all equity and conscience the Senate having utterly refused to assist those thieves murderers intruders But the multitude was told of great profit which would accrue to all men in particular and therefore profit must bear down right and forces must be sent into Sicily to get footing there to inrich these vertuous and temperate men and hence is to be fetched the rise of the Carthaginian Wars which with what injustice they were managed on the Roman part hath been seen and indeed this was the original of all their conquests The main things performed were done by such as rather awed the people than were awed by it though to obtain their commands they corrupted the multitude with money Marius Sylla Pompey and Caesar after they had successively ingrossed the power made the greatest conquests After the overthrow of Carthage especially scarcely any great command was obtained but by some great promises under-hand some new attempts of innovation or money distributed to the Tribes So weak imperfect and vitious was the Government Hence appeareth the excellency and necessity of Monarchy 13. These things evidence the excellency of Monarchical Government above the rest a neceessity of it in any considerable Nation or Nations and in Cities which extend the freedom of Suffrages to their Subjects or Associates and are considerable for number power and interest Single Cities have for some time subsisted otherwise but if we view those that have been mentioned in this Work some of them we shall find to have been kept in that way by such strange discipline and principles of equality and levelling as are even repugnant to Nature and destroy that lawful use of such things as were ordained for man's comfort and delight Such was the constitution of that of Sparta which yet secured it not from the tyranny of the Ephori and when but the use of Gold Silver and other things very lawful in themselves came up the Lacedaemonians were sensible of their slavery to such harsh constitutions and the Government tottered Again in others that were left more to their liberty we see how impossible it was for the People to use it but for their own destruction so that for any one place to subsist without such miseries and disasters is near to a miracle Monarchy though it may have it's defects as all things managed by meer men yet in it self includes more order certainty and security it 's force being commonly turned outward It 's that which is most agreeable with primitive prudence when men were not arrived at that ambition and wickednesse The antiquity which later times have produced All Nations at first had their Kings from the very first foundation as is clear in the case of the Greeks and others so that they voluntarily submitted to them at the first leading out of Colonies from the East being their Captains and thence we may see that the Government is natural flowing from paternal rule and proceeding from that superiority which Masters of Families and Heads of Kindreds might well challenge over others It 's most suitable to the Government of the Universe And authority of it which is in God alone who therefore acknowledgeth Kings for his Vicegerents and calleth them gods promising they should be nursing Fathers to his Church and taking no notice herein of other Governments Hence our Kings owe account to him alone are Sacrosanct which term the Romans gave to their very Tribunes who were inviolable it being death to injure them in the least and therefore we may well apply it to Kings and that perpetually and are intrusted by him with a Prerogative which is necessary for the good of their Subjects For all power flowing from them it 's contradictory for authority to challenge it self as unnatural and violent for a derived stream to oppose the current of the Fountain 14. But to return from this requisite digression whereby an answer is given to Agrippa's arguments and Students are directed to make the right and natural use of History after that Maecenas had pressed Caesar with these urgent reasons Maecenas his advice to Caesar for the ordering of his affaires to take the Government upon him he gave him directions for the management of his affaires First he advised him to regulate the Senate Consule Dionem l. 12. p. 476. D. placing and displacing according to the worth of persons and to have a special regard to Nobility and Gentry to gratify them with imployments To admit none into the Equestrian rank before eighteen years of age and none into the Senate till 25 before which time the Romans were never accounted of full age When these had born the Offices of Quaestor Aedilis and Tribunus plebis then being thirty years old he would have them made Praetors all which at first were to be Romans alone lest he should seem suddenly to
danger Coming unto the further side into the Country of the Gaderens or Gergasens which lyeth over against Galile two Daemoniacks met him exceeding fierce whereof Mark and Luke mention but one out of which he casting the Divels permitted them to enter into the Swine The Gaderens hereupon desiring him to depart out of their Coasts he having dismissed the man who desired to be with him and upon refusal preached throughout Decapolis what things Jesus had done for him returned by ship unto the further side and so to Capernaum his own City 66. And it came to passe that when Jesus was returned the People gladly received him for they were all waiting for him And being by the Sea-side he answered the Disciples of John inquiring why his Disciples fasted not seeing they and the Disciples of the Pharisees fasted often Whilst he spake he was besought to heal the onely daughter of Jairus and as he was going down a woman that had had an issue of blood twelve years was by touching the hem of his garment made whole Passing thence he cured two blind men whom he charged with threatning to say nothing of him but in vain As they passed away a man possessed with a dumb Divel was presented unto him whom he healed the company admiting and the Pharisees blaspheming Then going about to all the Towns he taught and healed and coming into his own Country was contemned again by his Country-men as he taught in the Synagogue on the Sabbath-day they calling him Carpenter though they admired him Going about the Villages he taught and pitying the multitude because the Harvest was great and the labourers few he bade his Disciples pray for labourers into the Harvest Then sent he out his twelve Disciples two and two commissionated with power to preach and heal Having made an end of commanding them he went and preached in their Cities and the twelve went about the Villages teaching and healing every where Now about this time was John Baptist beheaded through the procurement of Herodias which being told unto Jesus by his Disciples who buried him after the return of his own he went with them by ship into a desert place called Bethsaida The multitude hearing of it got thither before him where he taught and healed them And Jesus went up into a mountain and there sate with his Disciples and the Passeover was nigh It being late he having compassion on the multitude fed the number of 5000 men besides women and children with five barly loaves and two small fishes whereof twelve baskets full of fragments were taken up When they would come and take him by force to make him a King he caused his Disciples to passe over to the other side opposite to Bethsaida and towards Capernaum Having prayed in a mountain apart he came towards his Disciples and vvalking upon the Sea vvhen they had now towed 25 or 30 furlongs and vvere troubled vvith a contrary vvind They being affrighted at him he made known himself and saving Peter vvho had desired he vvould bid him come to him on the vvater vvhen he vvas sinking he passed over vvith them Coming into the Land of Genesaâ—et they brought all sorts of diseased persons to him desiring they might touch but the hem of his Garment vvhich as many as touched vvere made vvhole The day after his passage came the people vvhich he had left on the further side to Capernaum to seek him vvhere in the Synagogue he preached concerning the bread of life asserting himself to be it against the murmuring of the Jews Many novv of his Disciples departed from and vvalked no more vvith him And though the 12 refused to depart yet he declared that one of them vvas a Devil meaning Judas Iscariot vvho should betray him being one of the tvvelve The third Passeover 67. After the third Passeover of his Ministery the Scribes and Pharisees that were come from Jerusalem came to him and complained that his Disciples are with unwashed hands to whom he answered concerning their abolishing God 's commands by their Traditions and taught the multitude what he declared to his Disciples that not what entreth in but what cometh out defileth a man Departing into the Coasts of Tyre and Sidon he cast the Devil out of the daughter of the Syrophaenician woman because of the greatnesse of her faith Passing thence to the Sea of Galile through the midst of Decapolis he healed a dear man who had an impediment in his speech and ascending into a Mountain healed many In those dayes a great multitude having stayed with him three dayes he fed them to the number of 4000 men besides Women and Children with seven Loaves and a few little fishes and seven baskets full of fragments were taken up Taking ship presently he came into the parts of Dalmanutha or the Coasts of Magdala The Pharisees aking a sign he sighed deeply in his spirit for that these Hypocrites could discern the face of the sky and not the signs of the times and refusing to give them any other sign than that of Jonas he left them and returned by ship to the further side His Disciples having forgot to take bread and brought but one loaf with them he bids them beware of the Leaven of the Pharisees and of Herod and expoundeth his meaning to be of the Leaven of Doctrine Coming then to Bethsaida he cureth a blind man by degrees without the Town Passing thence into the Towns of Caesarea-Philippi he asked his Disciples concerning the opinion which men had of him and then what they themselves thought to which for themselves Peter answered that he was the Christ which thing he forbade them to declare foretold his death and resurrection called Peter Satan for checking him about his sufferings and foretold his transfiguration which after some six dayes was fulfilled The day following coming down he cast out a Devil out of the Lunatick which his Disciples could not eject Passing thence they journeyed through Galile which he would not have known and taught his Disciples that he must die and rise again which they understanding not were troubled and afraid to ask him Being arrived at Capernaum the Lord paid tribute-Tribute-money and taught his Disciples humility by the example of a little Child speaking also against offending one's weak brother and forgiving one another seventy seven times by the Parable of the Kings two debtors John telling him that they had seen one casting out Devils in his name he said he was not to be forbidden and again spake against offending weak ones and bade them beware that no Member offended them After these things Jesus walked in Galile for he would not walk in Jury because the Jews sought to kill him Now the Jews feast of Tabernacles the Scenopagia was at hand His brethren or Kins-men willed him to go up that his Disciples might believe in him but he refused to comply with them therein who themselves believed not and went up after them not openly but as