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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
master_n	lord_n	servant_n	service_n	5,597	5	7.0128	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68619	The arte of English poesie Contriued into three bookes: the first of poets and poesie, the second of proportion, the third of ornament.	Puttenham, George, d. 1590.; Puttenham, Richard, 1520?-1601?, attributed name.; Lumley, John Lumley, Baron, 1534?-1609, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 20519.5; ESTC S110571	205,111	267

cause was called Saint Sunday I thinke at this day they be so farre spent as either of thē would be content with a good cloath cloake and this came by want of discretion to discerne and deeme right of decencie which many Gentlemen doe wholly limite by the person or degree where reason doeth it by the place and presence which may be such as it might very well become a great Prince to weare courser apparrell than in another place or presence a meaner person Neuerthelesse in the vse of a garment many occasions alter the decencie sometimes the qualitie of the person sometimes of the case otherwhiles the countrie custome and often the constitution of lawes and the very nature of vse it selfe As for example a king and prince may vse rich and gorgious apparell decently so cannot a meane person doo yet if an herald of armes to whom a king giueth his gowne of cloth of gold or to whom it was incident as a fee of his office do were the same he doth it decently because such hath alwaies bene th'allowances of heraldes but if such herald haue worne out or sold or lost that gowne to buy him a new of the like stuffe with his owne mony and to weare it is not decent in the eye and iudgement of them that know it And the country custome maketh things decent in vse as in Asia for all men to weare long gownes both a foot and horsebacke in Europa short gaberdins or clokes or iackets euen for their vpper garments The Turke and Persian to weare great tolibants of ten fifteene and twentie elles of linnen a peece vpon their heads which can not be remooued in Europe to were caps or hats which vpon euery occasion of salutation we vse to put of as a signe of reuerence In th' East partes the men to make water couring like women with vs standing at a wall With them to congratulat and salute by giuing a becke with the head or a bende of the bodie with vs here in England and in Germany and all other Northerne parts of the world to shake handes In France Italie and Spaine to embrace ouer the shoulder vnder the armes at the very knees according the superiors degree With vs the wemen giue their mouth to be kissed in other places their cheek in many places their hand or in steed of an offer to the hand to say these words Bezo los manos And yet some others surmounting in all courtly ciuilitie will say Los manos los piedes And aboue that reach too there be that will say to the Ladies Lombra de sus pisadas the shadow of your steps Which I recite vnto you to shew the phrase of those courtly seruitours in yeelding the mistresses honour and reuerence And it is seen that very particular vse of it selfe makes a matter of much decencie and vndecencie without any countrey custome or allowance as if one that hath many yeares worne a gowne shall come to be seen weare a iakquet or ierkin or he that hath many yeares worne a beard or long haire among those that had done the contrary and come sodainly to be pold or shauen it will seeme onely to himselfe a deshight and very vndecent but also to all others that neuer vsed to go so vntill the time and custome haue abrogated that mislike So was it here in England till her Maiesties most noble father for diuers good respects caused his owne head and all his Courtiers to be polled and his beard to be cut short Before that time it was thought more decent both for old men and young to be all shauen and to weare long haire either rounded or square Now againe at this time the young Gentlemen of the Court haue taken vp the long haire trayling on their shoulders and thinke it more decent for what respect I would be glad to know The Lacedemonians bearing long bushes of haire finely kept curled vp vsed this ciuill argument to maintaine that custome Haire say they is the very ornament of nature appointed for the head which therfore to vse in his most sumptuous degree is comely specially for them that be Lordes Maisters of men and of a free life hauing abilitie leasure inough to keepe it cleane and so for a signe of seignorie riches and libertie the masters of the Lacedemonians vsed long haire But their vassals seruaunts and slaues vsed it short or shauen in signe of seruitude and because they had no meane nor leasure to kembe and keepe it cleanely It was besides combersome to them hauing many businesse to attende in some seruices there might no maner of filth be falling from their heads And to all souldiers it is very noysome and a daungerous disauantage in the warres or in any particular combat which being the most comely profession of euery noble young Gentleman it ought to perswade them greatly from wearing long haire If there be any that seeke by long haire to helpe or to hide an ill featured face it is in them allowable so to do because euery man may decently reforme by arte the faultes and imperfections that nature hath wrought in them And all singularities or affected parts of a mās behauiour seeme vndecēt as for one man to march or iet in the street more stately or to looke more solēpnely or to go more gayly in other coulours or fashioned garmēts then another of the same degree and estate Yet such singularities haue had many times both good liking and good successe otherwise then many would haue looked for As when Dinocrates the famous architect desirous to be knowen to king Alexander the great and hauing none acquaintance to bring him to the kings speech he came one day to the Court very strangely apparelled in long skarlet robes his head compast with a garland of Laurell and his face all to be slicked with sweet oyle and stoode in the kings chamber motioning nothing to any man newes of this stranger came to the king who caused him to be brought to his presence and asked his name and the cause of his repaire to the Court He aunswered his name was Dinocrates the Architect who came to present his Maiestie with a platforme of his owne deuising how his Maiestie might buylde a Citie vpon the mountaine Athos in Macedonia which should beare the figure of a mans body and tolde him all how Forsooth the breast and bulke of his body should rest vpon such a flat that hil should be his head all set with foregrowen woods like haire his right arme should stretch out to such a hollow bottome as might be like his hand holding a dish conteyning al the waters that should serue that Citie the left arme with his hand should hold a valley of all the orchards and gardens of pleasure pertaining thereunto and either legge should lie vpon a ridge of rocke very gallantly to behold and so should accomplish the full figure of a man The king asked him what commoditie of

the principall man in this profession at the same time was Maister Edward Ferrys a man of no lesse mirth felicitie that way but of much more skil magnificence in his meeter and therefore wrate for the most part to the stage in Tragedie and sometimes in Comedie or Enterlude wherein he gaue the king so much good recreation as he had thereby many good rewardes In Queenes Maries time florished aboue any other Doctour Phaer one that was well learned excellently well translated into English verse Heroicall certaine bookes of Virgils Aeneidos Since him followed Maister Arthure Golding who with no lesse commendation turned into English meetre the Metamorphosis of Ouide and that other Doctour who made the supplement to those bookes of Virgils Aeneidos which Maister Phaer left vndone And in her Maiesties time that now is are sprong vp an other crew of Courtly makers Noble men and Gentlemen of her Maiesties owne seruauntes who haue written excellently well as it would appeare if their doings could be found out and made publicke with the rest of which number is first that noble Gentleman Edward Earle of Oxford Thomas Lord of Bukhurst when he was young Henry Lord Paget Sir Philip Sydney Sir Walter Rawleigh Master Edward Dyar Maister Fulke Greuell Gascon Britton Turberuille and a great many other learned Gentlemen whose names I do not omit for enuie but to auoyde tediousnesse and who haue deserued no little commendation But of them all particularly this is myne opinion that Chaucer with Gower Lidgat and Harding for their antiquitie ought to haue the first place and Chaucer as the most renowmed of them all for the much learning appeareth to be in him aboue any of the rest And though many of his bookes be but bare translations out of the Latin French yet are they wel handled as his bookes of Troilus and Cresseid and the Romant of the Rose whereof he translated but one halfe the deuice was Iohn de Mehunes a French Poet the Canterbury tales were Chaucers owne inuention as I suppose and where he sheweth more the naturall of his pleasant wit then in any other of his workes his similitudes comparisons and all other descriptions are such as can not be amended His meetre Heroicall of Troilus and Cresseid is very graue and stately keeping the the staffe of seuen and the verse of ten his other verses of the Canterbury tales be but riding ryme neuerthelesse very well becomming the matter of that pleasaunt pilgrimage in which euery mans part is playd with much decency Gower sauing for his good and graue moralities had nothing in him highly to be commended for his verse was homely and without good measure his wordes strained much deale out of the French writers his ryme wrested and in his inuentions small subtillitie the applications of his moralities are the best in him and yet those many times very grossely bestowed neither doth the substance of his workes sufficiently aunswere the subtilitie of his titles Lydgat a translatour onely and no deuiser of that which he wrate but one that wrate in good verse Harding a Poet Epick or Historicall handled himselfe well according to the time and maner of his subiect He that wrote the Satyr of Piers Ploughman seemed to haue bene a malcontent of that time and therefore bent himselfe wholy to taxe the disorders of that age and specially the pride of the Romane Clergy of whose fall he seemeth to be a very true Prophet his verse is but loose meetre and his termes hard and obscure so as in them is litle pleasure to be taken Skelton a sharpe Satirist but with more rayling and scoffery then became a Poet Lawreat such among the Greekes were called Pantomimi with vs Buffons altogether applying their wits to Scurrillities other ridiculous matters Henry Earle of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyat betweene whom I finde very litle differēce I repute them as before for the two chief lāternes of light to all others that haue since employed their pennes vpon English Poesie their conceits were loftie their stiles stately their conueyance cleanely their termes proper their meetre sweete and well proportioned in all imitating very naturally and studiously their Maister Francis Petrarcha The Lord Vaux his commendatiō lyeth chiefly in the facillitie of his meetre and the aptnesse of his descriptions such as he taketh vpon him to make namely in sundry of his Songs wherein he sheweth the counterfait actiō very liuely pleasantly Of the later sort I thinke thus That for Tragedie the Lord of Buckhurst Maister Edward Ferrys for such doings as I haue sene of theirs do deserue the hyest price Th' Earle of Oxford and Maister Edwardes of her Maiesties Chappell for Comedy and Enterlude For Eglogue and pastorall Poesie Sir Philip Sydney and Maister Challenner and that other Gentleman who wrate the late shepheardes Callender For dittie and amourous Ode I finde Sir Walter Rawleyghs vayne most loftie insolent and passionate Maister Edward Dyar for Elegie most sweete solempne and of high conceit Gascon for a good meeter and for a plentifull vayne Phaer and Golding for a learned and well corrected verse specially in translation cleare and very faithfully answering their authours intent Others haue also written with much facillitie but more commendably perchance if they had not written so much nor so popularly But last in recitall and first in degree is the Queene our soueraigne Lady whose learned delicate noble Muse easily surmounteth all the rest that haue writtē before her time or since for sence sweetnesse and subtillitie be it in Ode Elegie Epigram or any other kinde of poeme Heroick or Lyricke wherein it shall please her Maiestie to employ her penne euen by as much oddes as her owne excellent estate and degree exceedeth all the rest of her most humble vassalls THE SECOND BOOKE OF PROPORTION POETICAL CHAP. I. Of Proportion Poeticall IT is said by such as professe the Mathematicall sciences that all things stand by proportion and that without it nothing could stand to be good or beautiful The Doctors of our Theologie to the same effect but in other termes say that God made the world by number measure and weight some for weight say tune and peraduenture better For weight is a kind of measure or of much conueniencie with it and therefore in their descriptions be alwayes coupled together statica metrica weight and measures Hereupon it seemeth the Philosopher gathers a triple proportion to wit the Arithmeticall the Geometricall and the Musical And by one of these three is euery other proportion guided of the things that haue conueniencie by relation as the visible by light colour and shadow the audible by stirres times and accents the odorable by smelles of sundry temperaments the tastible by sauours to the rate the tangible by his obiectes in this or that regard Of all which we leaue to speake returning to our poeticall proportion which holdeth of the Musical because as we sayd before Poesie is a

both figuratiue and argumentatiue when we do briefly set downe all our best reasons seruing the purpose and reiect all of them sauing one which we accept to satisfie the cause as he that in a litigious case for land would prooue it not the aduersaries but his clients No man can say it s his by heritage Nor by Legacie or Testatours deuice Nor that it came by purchase or engage Nor from his Prince for any good seruice Then needs must it be his by very vvrong Which he hath offred this poore plaintife so long Though we might call this figure very well and properly the Paragon yet dare I not so to doe for feare of the Courtiers enuy who will haue no man vse that terme but after a courtly manner that is in praysing of horses haukes hounds pearles diamonds rubies emerodes and other precious stones specially of faire women whose excellencie is discouered by paragonizing or setting one to another which moued the zealous Poet speaking of the mayden Queene to call her the paragon of Queenes This considered I will let our figure enioy his best beknowen name and call him stil in all ordinarie cases the figure of comparison as when a man wil seeme to make things appeare good or bad or better or worse or more or lesse excellent either vpon spite or for pleasure or any other good affectiō then he sets the lesse by the greater or the greater to the lesse the equall to his equall and by such confronting of them together driues out the true ods that is betwixt them and makes it better appeare as when we sang of our Soueraigne Lady thus in the twentieth Partheniade As falcon fares to bussards flight As egles eyes to owlates sight As fierce saker to coward kite As brightest noone to darkest night As summer sunne exceedeth farre The moone and euery other starre So farre my Princesse praise doeth passe The famoust Queene that euer was And in the eighteene Partheniade thus Set rich rubie to red esmayle The rauens plume to peacocks tayle Lay me the larkes to lizards eyes The duskie cloude to azure skie Set shallow brookes to surging seas An orient pearle to a white pease c. Concluding There shall no lesse an ods be seene In mine from euery other Queene Dialogismus or the right reasoner We are sometimes occasioned in our tale to report some speech from another mans mouth as what a king said to his priuy counsell or subiect a captaine to his souldier a souldiar to his captaine a man to a woman and contrariwise in which report we must alwaies geue to euery person his fit and naturall that which best becommeth him For that speech becommeth a king which doth not a carter and a young man that doeth not an old and so in euery sort and degree Virgil speaking in the person of Eneas Turnus and many other great Princes and sometimes of meaner men ye shall see what decencie euery of their speeches holdeth with the qualitie degree and yeares of the speaker To which examples I will for this time referre you So if by way of fiction we will seem to speake in another mans person as if king Henry the eight were aliue and should say of the towne of Bulleyn what we by warre to the hazard of our person hardly obteined our young sonne without any peril at all for litle mony deliuered vp againe Or if we should faine king Edward the thirde vnderstanding how his successour Queene Marie had lost the towne of Calays by negligence should say That which the sword wanne the distaffe hath lost This manner of speech is by the figure Dialogismus or the right reasoner In waightie causes and for great purposes Gnome or the Director wise perswaders vse graue weighty speaches specially in matter of aduise or counsel for which purpose there is a maner of speach to alleage textes or authorities of wittie sentence such as smatch morall doctrine and teach wisedome and good behauiour by the Greeke originall we call him the directour by the Latin he is called sententia we may call him the sage sayer thus Nature bids vs as a louing mother To loue our selues first and next to loue another Sententiae or the Sage sayer The Prince that couets all to know and see Had neede fall milde and patient to bee Nothing stickes faster by vs as appeares Then that which we learne in our tender yeares And that which our soueraigne Lady wrate in defiance of fortune Neuer thinke you fortune can beare the svvay Where vertues force can cause her to obay Heede must be taken that such rules or sentences be choisly made and not often vsed least excesse breed lothsomnesse Arte and good pollicie moues vs many times to be earnest in our speach Sinathrismus or the Heaping figure and then we lay on such load and so go to it by heapes as if we would winne the game by multitude of words speaches not all of one but of diuers matter and sence for which cause the Latines called it Congeries and we the heaping figure as he that said To muse in minde how faire hovv vvise hovv good Hovv braue hovv free hovv curteous and hovv true My Lady is doth but inflame my blood Or thus I deeme I dreame I do I tast I touch Nothing at all but smells of perfit blisse And thus by maister Edvvard Diar vehement swift passionatly But if my faith my hope my loue my true intent My libertie my seruice vowed my time and all be spent In vaine c. But if such earnest and hastie heaping vp of speaches be made by way of recapitulation which commonly is in the end of euery long tale and Oration because the speaker seemes to make a collection of all the former materiall points to binde them as it were in a bundle and lay them forth to enforce the cause and renew the hearers memory then ye may geue him more properly the name of the collectour or recapitulatour and serueth to very great purpose as in an hympne written by vs to the Queenes Maiestie entitled Minerua wherein speaking of the mutabilitie of fortune in the case of all Princes generally wee seemed to exempt her Maiestie of all such casualtie by reason she was by her destinie and many diuine partes in her ordained to a most long and constant prosperitie in this world concluding with this recapitulation But thou art free but were thou not in deede But were thou not come of immortall seede Neuer yborne and thy minde made to blisse Heauens mettall that euerlasting is Were not thy vvit and that thy vertues shall Be deemd diuine thy fauour face and all And that thy loze ne name may neuer dye Nor thy state turne stayd by destinie Dread were least once thy noble hart may feele Some rufull turne of her vnsteady vvheele Apostrophe or the turne tale Many times when we haue runne a long race in our tale spoken to