though_o it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o philosopher_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o man_n love_v their_o own_o work_n 1._o arist_n 4._o eth._n c._n 1._o as_o parent_n and_o poet_n do_v yet_o do_v the_o author_n acknowledge_v with_o cicero_n quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la meorum_fw-la magnopere_fw-la miror_fw-la that_o he_o never_o admire_v any_o of_o his_o own_o work_n but_o say_v with_o ovid_n ipse_fw-la mihi_fw-la nunquam_fw-la judice_fw-la i_o placui_fw-la that_o he_o can_v never_o as_o yet_o by_o his_o own_o judgement_n please_v himself_o though_o it_o always_o have_v be_v his_o ambition_n to_o please_v other_o according_a to_o the_o option_n of_o the_o consular_a poet_n optabam_fw-la ut_fw-la placeam_fw-la sin_n minus_fw-la ut_fw-la taceam_fw-la and_o this_o modest_a lesson_n have_v the_o author_n learn_v of_o the_o great_a legist_n sir_n edw._n coke_n nulla_fw-la scientia_fw-la 494._o coke_n come_v f._n 494._o nulla_fw-la virtus_fw-la locum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la conservare_fw-la potest_fw-la sine_fw-la modestia_fw-la no_o science_n nor_o virtue_n can_v preserve_v its_o place_n and_o dignity_n without_o modesty_n and_o according_o do_v he_o close_o up_o his_o discourse_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o bracton_n postulans_fw-la a_o lectore_fw-la 1._o brac._n l._n 1._o f._n 1._o ut_fw-la siquid_fw-la superfluum_fw-la vel_fw-la perperam_fw-la positum_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la opere_fw-la invenerit_fw-la illud_fw-la corrigat_fw-la vel_fw-la emendet_fw-la vel_fw-la connuiventibus_fw-la oculis_fw-la pertranseat_fw-la request_v this_o of_o the_o reader_n that_o if_o he_o shall_v find_v any_o thing_n superfluous_a or_o place_v amiss_o in_o this_o work_n that_o he_o will_v either_o correct_v or_o amend_v it_o or_o with_o connive_v eye_n pass_v it_o by_o or_o rather_o with_o our_o great_a master_n littleton_n si_fw-mi componere_fw-la magnis_fw-la ovid._n ovid._n parva_n mihi_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v you_o believe_v that_o all_o that_o he_o have_v say_v in_o this_o book_n be_v law_n for_o he_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o take_v that_o upon_o he_o but_o of_o such_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o law_n inquire_v and_o learn_v of_o his_o sage_a master_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n extract_v out_o of_o the_o root_n and_o fountain_n of_o other_o art_n &_o science_n lib_fw-la i._o sect_n i._o it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o cicero_n who_o excel_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o humane_a art_n and_o science_n orot_n cic._n 3._o de_fw-fr orot_n omnes_fw-la aâ—tes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la humanitatem_fw-la pertinent_a habent_fw-la common_a quoddam_fw-la vinculum_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la cognatione_fw-la quadam_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la continentur_fw-la all_o art_n and_o science_n which_o appertain_v unto_o humanity_n have_v a_o certain_a common_a bond_n and_o tie_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v contain_v by_o a_o certain_a alliance_n and_o affinity_n among_o themselves_o and_o true_o for_o they_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o one_o womb_n descend_v from_o the_o same_o intellect_n and_o be_v by_o nature_n so_o link_v and_o chain_v together_o that_o those_o principle_n which_o be_v true_a in_o one_o art_n and_o science_n be_v reciprocal_o true_a in_o the_o other_o for_o truth_n absolute_o and_o material_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o though_o formal_o or_o relative_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o artist_n or_o the_o diverse_a object_n of_o science_n it_o be_v sever_v which_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a mode_n of_o the_o application_n and_o consideration_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v theologicall_n and_o philosophical_a truth_n opposite_a but_o subordinate_a and_o theologie_n be_v not_o against_o philosophy_n but_o above_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o principle_n of_o one_o science_n supplant_v the_o principle_n of_o another_o science_n but_o mutual_o aid_v and_o assist_v each_o other_o with_o their_o principle_n in_o search_v and_o sift_v out_o of_o the_o truth_n which_o be_v practical_o apparent_a in_o the_o art_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o law_n 6._o nomot_n f._n 6._o which_o borrow_v most_o of_o her_o principle_n from_o other_o science_n in_o so_o much_o as_o sir_n henry_n finch_n elegant_o the_o spark_n of_o all_o science_n be_v rake_v up_o in_o the_o ash_n of_o the_o law_n for_o which_o reason_n sir_n edward_n coke_n apt_o style_v it_o scientia_fw-la socialis_fw-la â—8_o l._n 5._o â—8_o a_o sociable_a science_n because_o it_o agree_v with_o other_o excellent_a science_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o therefore_o the_o author_n deem_v it_o operae_fw-la p_o ecium_fw-la a_o work_n worth_a the_o labour_n to_o demonstrate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o mirror_n and_o blazon_v the_o affinity_n and_o alliance_n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o engâ—and_n have_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o other_o art_n and_o science_n who_o by_o a_o intellectual_a chain_n be_v divine_o link_v and_o conjoin_v and_o because_o theologie_n be_v the_o prime_n and_o divine_a metaphysic_n ars_fw-la â—rtium_fw-la &_o scientia_fw-la scientiarum_fw-la and_o the_o cynosure_n of_o all_o law_n for_o as_o augustine_n in_o illa_fw-la temporali_fw-la lâ—ge_a nihil_fw-la est_fw-la justum_fw-la ac_fw-la legitimum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la aeteâ—na_fw-la homines_fw-la derivaverint_fw-la in_o this_o temporal_a law_n nothing_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a that_o man_n have_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n eternal_a and_o therefore_o do_v the_o author_n deduce_v his_o exordium_n from_o it_o because_o as_o sir_n edwa_n d_o â—oke_n it_o be_v causa_fw-la causarum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o as_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n the_o common_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o ancient_a usage_n warrant_v by_o scripture_n from_o hence_o be_v draw_v these_o ground_n and_o maxim_n 1._o summa_fw-la ratio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la religione_fw-la facit_fw-la reg._n l._n c._n coke_n l._n 5._o f._n 18_o a._n it_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n which_o make_v for_o religion_n as_o in_o many_o case_n the_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v in_o it_o nor_o bind_v by_o express_a word_n and_o therefore_o all_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o suppress_v of_o wrong_n or_o to_o prevent_v the_o decay_n of_o religion_n shall_v bind_v the_o king_n though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v lor_fw-mi religion_n and_o justice_n be_v the_o sure_a supporter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o diadem_n of_o king_n so_o the_o act_n of_o 1_o eliz._n which_o restrain_v ecclesiastical_a person_n from_o spoil_v and_o waste_v their_o possession_n which_o be_v give_v to_o maintain_v the_o service_n of_o god_n shall_v bind_v the_o king_n unless_o that_o special_a provision_n have_v be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o the_o say_a act_n 2._o coke_n l._n 11._o f._n 70._o a._n b._n magdalen_n college_n case_n the_o master_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n by_o indenture_n inrowl_v do_v grant_v to_o the_o queen_n a_o house_n pay_v fifteen_o pound_n rend_v yearly_a etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 13._o eliz._n do_v extend_v to_o restrain_v they_o to_o convey_v the_o say_a house_n parcel_n of_o the_o say_a college_n to_o the_o queen_n though_o she_o be_v not_o in_o that_o express_o name_v because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o religion_n etc._n etc._n for_o out_o of_o those_o college_n the_o church_n be_v furnish_v with_o grave_n and_o reverend_a divine_n for_o the_o instruction_n of_o christian_n in_o the_o true_a religion_n which_o be_v a_o main_a pillar_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v exempt_v out_o of_o it_o the_o utter_a impoverishment_n of_o the_o successor_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o decay_n of_o religion_n will_v ensue_v vide_fw-la 3._o coke_n l._n 2._o f._n 44._o b._n a_o lay_v man_n concern_v payment_n of_o tithe_n may_v prescribe_v in_o modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la but_o not_o in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la because_o he_o be_v not_o but_o in_o special_a case_n capable_a of_o tithe_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o without_o special_a matter_n show_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v intend_v to_o have_v a_o legal_a discharge_n and_o therefore_o in_o favour_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o church_n though_o he_o may_v have_v a_o legal_a beginning_n yet_o the_o law_n will_v not_o suffer_v such_o a_o prescription_n in_o this_o case_n nor_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o lie_v people_n who_o will_v rather_o strain_v their_o conscience_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n then_o give_v the_o church_n its_o due_a and_o the_o law_n have_v great_a policy_n in_o it_o for_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o end_n will_v be_v the_o subversion_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o service_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n vide_fw-la 4_o ecclesia_fw-la fungitur_fw-la vice_fw-la minoris_fw-la meliorem_fw-la facere_fw-la potest_fw-la conditionem_fw-la
except_o in_o case_n where_o the_o owner_n be_v bind_v to_o enclose_v 4._o e._n 4_o 19_o 10._o e._n 4._o 7._o but_o if_o a_o man_n erect_v a_o wall_n part_n on_o my_o land_n and_o part_n on_o his_o own_o if_o i_o destroy_v that_o on_o my_o land_n and_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o mean_n fall_v down_o it_o be_v excusable_a if_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o two_o joint_o one_o of_o they_o can_v dereigne_n the_o warranty_n without_o the_o other_o 48._o e._n 3._o 17._o yet_o if_o a_o villain_n and_o another_o purchase_n joint_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o villain_n enter_v into_o a_o moiety_n he_o may_v dereigne_a the_o warranty_n alone_o for_o therein_o the_o severance_n grow_v by_o act_n in_o law_n he_o that_o come_v into_o a_o tavern_n and_o will_v not_o go_v out_o in_o reasonable_a time_n or_o distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o kill_v the_o distress_n shall_v be_v a_o wrong_a doer_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la 12._o e._n 4._o 8._o because_o he_o misdemean_v that_o the_o authority_n the_o law_n give_v he_o otherwise_o it_o be_v if_o i_o lend_v my_o horse_n to_o one_o to_o ride_v to_o york_n and_o he_o ride_v he_o further_o yet_o the_o ride_v further_o be_v not_o unlawful_a neither_o a_o general_a action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v against_o he_o upon_o the_o accord_n upon_o the_o case_n because_o he_o misdemean_v but_o the_o authority_n that_o another_o have_v give_v he_o finch_n nomot_n f._n 47._o if_o i_o be_v distrain_v and_o pay_v my_o rent_n and_o after_o be_o deny_v to_o have_v my_o good_n deliver_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o detinue_n lie_v 21._o h._n 7._o if_o i_o deliver_v a_o chest_n to_o one_o who_o break_v it_o trespass_n lie_v 2._o h._n 8._o if_o a_o sheriff_n make_v a_o arrest_n and_o return_v not_o the_o capias_fw-la a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v 8._o e._n 49._o a_o executor_n command_v the_o take_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n and_o refuse_v to_o prove_v the_o will_n a_o trespass_n lie_v 8._o e._n 4._o 9_o the_o sheriff_n seize_v the_o good_n of_o one_o outlaw_v and_o do_v not_o charge_v himself_o in_o account_n the_o outlawry_n be_v reverse_v or_o the_o party_n pardon_v he_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o sheriff_n 21._o h._n 7._o 23._o injuria_fw-la illata_fw-la incorpus_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la remitti_fw-la reg._n i._o c._n injury_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o body_n can_v be_v remit_v and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o civilian_n be_v quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la membrorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la dominus_fw-la because_o no_o man_n be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o his_o member_n but_o the_o power_n of_o they_o appertain_v to_o god_n our_o creator_n and_o the_o prince_n our_o protector_n which_o accord_v with_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o common_a law_n which_o maintain_v as_o bracton_n say_v quod_fw-la cita_fw-la &_o membra_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o postate_n regis_fw-la &_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 19_o e._n 1._o rot._n 36._o vita_fw-la &_o membra_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la that_o the_o life_n and_o member_n of_o every_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o safeguard_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v serve_v the_o king_n and_o their_o country_n when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v nay_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o villain_n for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a can_v maihme_n his_o villain_n but_o the_o king_n shall_v punish_v he_o for_o maym_v of_o his_o subject_n by_o fine_a ransom_n and_o imprisonment_n until_o the_o fine_a and_o ransom_n be_v pay_v for_o that_o hereby_o he_o have_v disable_v he_o to_o do_v the_o king_n service_n coke_n come_v f._n 127._o a._n and_o therefore_o also_o do_v the_o law_n more_o careful_o provide_v for_o the_o prevent_n and_o punish_v of_o such_o forcible_a injury_n in_o particular_a between_o person_n and_o person_n because_o as_o coke_n come_v f._n 161._o b._n max._n paci_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la vis_fw-la &_o injuria_fw-la forcible_a injury_n be_v most_o contrary_a to_o the_o quiet_a and_o repose_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v the_o public_a felicity_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n as_o if_o one_o do_v but_o menace_v another_o with_o a_o weapon_n or_o staff_n or_o if_o he_o stretch_v out_o his_o arm_n or_o give_v any_o other_o token_n whereby_o his_o intention_n of_o strike_v do_v appear_v though_o never_o a_o stroke_n be_v give_v yet_o be_v it_o actionable_a 22._o ass_n pl._n 60._o and_o upon_o a_o assault_n the_o writ_n be_v quare_fw-la insultum_fw-la fecit_fw-la vulneravit_fw-la &_o maihemavit_fw-la and_o though_o the_o injury_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o maihm_n yet_o be_v it_o allow_v 43_o e._n 4._o for_o the_o law_n favore_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o such_o action_n and_o though_o force_v be_v a_o enemy_n to_o peace_n yet_o be_v it_o a_o maxim_n in_o our_o law_n quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la in_o tutelam_fw-la corporis_fw-la svi_fw-la fecerit_fw-la jure_fw-la fecisse_fw-la videatur_fw-la fulb._n l._n 1._o f._n 91._o whatsoever_o any_o one_o do_v in_o defence_n of_o his_o body_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v by_o law_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o poet._n judice_fw-la i_o fraus_fw-la est_fw-la concessa_fw-la repellere_fw-la fraudâ—m_fw-la a_fw-la maque_fw-la in_o armatos_fw-la sumere_fw-la jura_fw-la sinunt_fw-la i_o do_v conceive_v it_o a_o good_a fraud_n to_o be_v to_o repel_v fraud_n and_o lawful_a eke_o for_o i_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n '_o against_o those_o i_o arm_v see_v as_o 2._o h._n 4_o 8._o bract._n if_o any_o man_n beat_v i_o i_o may_v lawful_o beat_v he_o if_o i_o can_v escape_v without_o strip_n wound_n or_o maihme_n nay_o 9_o e_o 4._o 3._o i_o may_v beat_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o my_o good_n or_o wife_n contrary_a to_o the_o resolve_n of_o 43._o ass_n 39_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o i_o to_o beat_v he_o if_o i_o may_v escape_v with_o my_o life_n and_o 9_o e_o 4._o a_o servant_n may_v justify_v a_o battery_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o master_n and_o 17._o e._n 4._o 4._o he_o that_o come_v in_o company_n of_o he_o who_o make_v the_o assault_n or_o come_v in_o to_o aid_v he_o be_v a_o principal_a trespassor_n and_o if_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n see_v a_o man_n do_v of_o a_o assault_n he_o may_v present_o arrest_v he_o by_o commandment_n or_o word_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o may_v find_v surety_n of_o peace_n 9_o e._n 4._o 3_o and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o any_o one_o do_v keep_v or_o nourish_v a_o masty_a dog_n bear_v or_o fox_n or_o some_o like_a beast_n which_o do_v hurt_v or_o damnify_v another_o man_n he_o that_o receive_v the_o hurt_n shall_v recover_v damage_n against_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o beast_n fulb._n l._n 1._o f._n 81._o and_o so_o at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o dog_n which_o kill_v sheep_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o dog_n the_o master_n shall_v be_v punish_v for_o it_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o dyer_n 28._o h._n 8._o f._n 25._o pl._n 162._o otherwise_o if_o he_o be_v ignorant_a thereof_o or_o if_o it_o be_v do_v without_o the_o master_n incitation_n ibidem_fw-la f._n 19_o and_o whereas_o in_o many_o case_n that_o concern_v land_n and_o good_n the_o law_n do_v deprive_v a_o man_n of_o present_a remedy_n and_o rather_o than_o to_o suffer_v a_o inconvenience_n turn_v he_o over_o to_o a_o further_a remedy_n yet_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o a_o personal_a pain_n the_o law_n do_v give_v he_o present_a remedy_n because_o he_o hold_v no_o damage_n a_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o a_o corporal_a injury_n which_o ground_n as_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n ingenious_o observe_v some_o of_o the_o canonist_n do_v apt_o infer_v out_o of_o christ_n sacred_a mouth_n amen_o corpus_fw-la est_fw-la suâ—ra_fw-la vestimentum_fw-la very_o the_o body_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o raiment_n where_o they_o say_v vestimentum_fw-la comprehend_v all_o outward_a thing_n appertain_v to_o a_o man_n condition_n as_o land_n and_o good_n which_o they_o say_v be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o that_o which_o be_v corporal_a bacon_n max._n f._n 30._o as_o if_o a_o sheriff_n make_v a_o false_a return_n whereby_o i_o lose_v my_o land_n yet_o because_o of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o draw_v thing_n to_o delay_n if_o the_o sheriff_n return_v shall_v not_o be_v credit_v i_o be_o exclude_v of_o my_o averrement_n against_o it_o and_o be_o put_v to_o my_o action_n of_o deceit_n against_o the_o sheriff_n and_o summoner_n 5._o e._n 4._o 80._o but_o if_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o a_o capias_fw-la return_v a_o cepy_a corpus_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la languidus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o prisona_fw-la i_o may_v come_v in_o and_o falsify_v the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n to_o save_v my_o imprisonment_n 3._o h._n 6._o 3._o so_o if_o a_o man_n
by_o misadventure_n as_o by_o a_o arrow_n at_o butt_n this_o have_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v hurt_v or_o maim_v only_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v though_o it_o be_v do_v against_o the_o party_n will_v and_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o law_n as_o grievous_o as_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o of_o malice_n stanf._n 16.6_o e._n 4.7_o so_o if_o a_o chirurgeon_n authorize_v to_o practice_v do_v through_o negligence_n of_o his_o cure_n cause_v the_o party_n to_o die_v this_o chirurgeon_n shall_v not_o be_v question_v for_o his_o life_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v only_o hurt_v the_o wound_n whereby_o the_o cure_n be_v cast_v back_o and_o death_n ensue_v not_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n for_o it_o stanf._n 16._o so_o if_o baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr commit_v felony_n together_o the_o feme_fw-fr in_o regard_n of_o the_o subjection_n of_o her_o will_n to_o her_o husband_n shall_v neither_o be_v principal_a not_o accessary_a but_o if_o they_o join_v in_o commit_v a_o trespass_n upon_o land_n or_o otherwise_o the_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o they_o both_o so_o if_o a_o infant_n want_v discretion_n or_o a_o madman_n kill_v another_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v impeach_v thereof_o but_o if_o they_o do_v he_o any_o corporal_a hurt_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o trespass_n 35_o h._n 6._o 11._o so_o in_o felony_n if_o the_o principal_a dye_n or_o be_v pardon_v the_o proceed_n against_o the_o accessary_n fail_v but_o in_o a_o trespass_n if_o one_o command_v his_o man_n to_o beat_v you_o and_o after_o the_o battery_n the_o servant_n die_v yet_o you_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o master_n 17_o h_n 4.19_o aestimatio_fw-la praeteriti_fw-la delicti_fw-la post_fw-la facta_fw-la nunquam_fw-la crescit_fw-la bac._n max_n f._n 32._o in_o penal_a law_n and_o fact_n the_o law_n consider_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o offence_n not_o as_o it_o stand_v at_o this_o time_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v but_o for_o any_o circumstance_n or_o matter_n subsequent_a the_o law_n do_v not_o extend_v or_o amplify_v the_o same_o as_o if_o a_o man_n be_v wound_v and_o the_o percussor_n be_v voluntary_o let_v to_o go_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o goalor_n and_o after_o the_o party_n wound_v die_v yet_o it_o be_v no_o felonious_a escape_n in_o the_o gaoler_n 11_o h._n 4.12_o so_o if_o one_o conspire_v the_o death_n of_o one_o who_o after_o come_v to_o be_v king_n not_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o e._n 3._o this_o be_v high_a not_o high_a treason_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v in_o civil_a and_o common_a case_n vide_fw-la ibidem_fw-la plur._n ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la co._n l._n 2._o f._n 25._o in_o omnibus_fw-la quidem_fw-la maxim_n tamen_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la aequitas_fw-la est_fw-la reg._n i._o c._n in_o all_o thing_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o law_n there_o be_v equity_n and_o the_o law_n themselves_o desire_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o equity_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o no_o legislator_n can_v foresee_v all_o thing_n which_o may_v happen_v it_o be_v therefore_o convenient_a as_o ploydon_n say_v that_o that_o fault_n shall_v be_v reform_v by_o equity_n and_o be_v either_o a_o amplification_n or_o diminution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o law_n but_o a_o moral_a virtue_n which_o reform_v the_o law_n for_o dirigens_fw-la and_o directum_fw-la be_v diverse_a thing_n and_o equity_n be_v not_o a_o law_n but_o the_o emendation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n themselves_o desire_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o equity_n as_o whereas_o the_o debtor_n after_o he_o be_v become_v bankrupt_a may_v prefer_v one_o and_o defraud_v other_o the_o act_n of_o 13_o eliz._n c._n 7._o have_v appoint_v certain_a commissioner_n of_o indifferency_n and_o credit_n to_o relieve_v the_o creditor_n of_o the_o bankrupt_a equal_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o equal_a and_o rateable_a proportion_n observe_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o bankrupt_a among_o his_o creditor_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o several_a debt_n so_o that_o one_o shall_v not_o prevent_v the_o other_o but_o all_o shall_v be_v in_o aequali_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o so_o we_o see_v in_o many_o case_n as_o well_o at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o upon_o the_o like_a statute_n such_o construction_n have_v be_v make_v for_o as_o cato_n say_v ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v it_o hold_v 35_o h._n 8._o title_n testament_n 7._o v._o de_fw-la plura_fw-la in_o herbert_n case_n lib._n 7._o bro._n 19_o a_o man_n hold_v three_o manor_n of_o three_o several_a lord_n by_o knights-service_n every_o manor_n be_v of_o equal_a value_n he_o can_v devise_v two_o manor_n and_o leave_v the_o three_o to_o descend_v according_a to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o act_n of_o 32._o &_o 34._o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o than_o it_o shall_v prejudice_v the_o other_o two_o lord_n but_o by_o equal_a construction_n he_o can_v devise_v but_o two_o part_n of_o every_o manor_n and_o so_o as_o equality_n shall_v be_v observe_v among_o they_o and_o so_o at_o the_o common_a law_n a_o equality_n be_v require_v as_o in_o 11_o h._n 7._o 12._o b._n a_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o he_o have_v heir_n and_o have_v land_n of_o the_o part_n of_o his_o father_n and_o part_n of_o his_o mother_n both_o the_o heir_n shall_v be_v equal_o charge_v vide_fw-la ibidem_fw-la plura_fw-la co._n com._n f._n 10._o a._n if_o partition_n be_v make_v between_o parcener_n of_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o for_o novelty_n of_o partition_n one_o grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o other_o general_o the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v a_o fee-simple_n without_o this_o word_n heir_n because_o the_o grantor_n have_v a_o fee-simple_n in_o consideration_n whereof_o he_o grant_v the_o rent_n ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o co._n com._n f._n 271._o a._n b._n when_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o a_o future_a use_n as_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o last_o will_n the_o feoffee_n shall_v be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o feoffor_a and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o the_o law_n desire_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o right_a and_o equity_n and_o reason_n will_v that_o see_v the_o feoffment_n be_v make_v without_o consideration_n and_o the_o feoffor_a have_v not_o dispose_v of_o the_o profit_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o by_o construction_n and_o intendment_n of_o law_n the_o feoffor_a aught_o to_o occupy_v the_o same_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o so_o it_o be_v when_o the_o feoffor_a dispose_v the_o profit_n for_o a_o particular_a time_n in_o presenti_fw-la the_o use_n of_o the_o inheritance_n shall_v be_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n as_o a_o thing_n not_o dispose_v of_o co._n ibidem_fw-la co._n l._n 5._o f._n 100_o a._n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 6_o h._n 6._o c._n 5._o and_o 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o ought_v to_o tax_v all_o equal_o which_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v endamage_v by_o not_o repair_v the_o bank_n and_o not_o he_o only_o who_o have_v land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n for_o otherwise_o the_o rage_n and_o force_v of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v shall_v not_o serve_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n will_v have_v all_o who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o peril_n and_o be_v to_o receive_v commodity_n by_o it_o to_o be_v contributory_a and_o the_o statute_n require_v equality_n which_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n for_o equitas_fw-la in_o bracton_n est_fw-la quasi_fw-la aequalitas_fw-la and_o though_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n next_o adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o charge_v he_o only_o with_o all_o but_o to_o take_v all_o those_o which_o have_v land_n in_o danger_n for_o otherwise_o it_o may_v that_o all_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v surround_v before_o that_o one_o person_n only_o can_v repair_v the_o bank_n vide_fw-la ibidem_fw-la plura_fw-la in_o fooks_n case_n coke_n l_o 7._o f._n 123._o b._n when_o the_o king_n grant_v any_o land_n without_o the_o reservation_n of_o any_o tenure_n or_o without_o any_o thing_n from_o thence_o to_o be_v render_v or_o the_o like_a that_o land_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o the_o service_n of_o chivalry_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o proportion_n of_o land_n that_o affer_v to_o one_o fee_n of_o chivalry_n and_o so_o of_o more_o more_o and_o of_o less_o less_o for_o the_o
statute_n always_o be_v expound_v that_o they_o who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o first_o retainer_n shall_v not_o run_v into_o any_o penalty_n of_o the_o statute_n so_o whosoever_o retain_v one_o be_v a_o ward_n to_o another_o not_o know_v that_o he_o be_v ward_n also_o if_o homage_n be_v due_a and_o the_o tenant_n after_o make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o the_o lord_n not_o know_v of_o the_o feoffment_n distrain_v for_o the_o homage_n his_o ignorance_n shall_v excuse_v he_o of_o his_o damage_n in_o a_o replevin_n though_o he_o can_v avow_v for_o the_o homage_n but_o if_o he_o have_v know_v the_o feoffment_n he_o shall_v have_v yield_v damage_n ibidem_fw-la if_o a_o resignation_n be_v make_v by_o a_o imcumbent_n to_o a_o bishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v the_o patron_n notice_n or_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o lapse_n and_o if_o the_o same_o bishop_n die_v his_o successor_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n although_o the_o resignation_n be_v not_o make_v to_o he_o for_o he_o shall_v have_v advantage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o avoidance_n of_o the_o say_a resignation_n than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v that_o thing_n his_o successor_n shall_v do_v upon_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o the_o book_n of_o resignation_n to_o the_o successor_n remain_v with_o he_o calloway_n 18_o h._n 7._o f._n 49._o f._n by_o frowick_n if_o a_o patron_n who_o be_v a_o layman_n present_v his_o clerk_n to_o the_o ordinary_a and_o he_o be_v not_o well_o letter_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o ordinary_a to_o refuse_v he_o and_o of_o it_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o patron_n for_o to_o present_v another_o before_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o collation_n by_o lapse_n because_o the_o patron_n can_v not_o have_v cognisance_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o clerk_n or_o no_o but_o if_o a_o patron_n be_v a_o spiritual_a man_n and_o present_v one_o not_o well_o letter_v and_o the_o ordinary_a refuse_v he_o he_o shall_v not_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o patron_n because_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o a_o clerk_n may_v have_v conusance_n of_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o another_o before_o he_o present_v he_o to_o the_o bishop_n ibidem_fw-la by_o frowick_n so_o when_o a_o man_n do_v a_o act_n as_o to_o enter_v into_o land_n seize_v good_n take_v a_o distress_n or_o such_o other_o he_o must_v by_o the_o law_n see_v at_o his_o peril_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_o do_v doctor_n and_o student_n ibidem_fw-la as_o if_o a_o servant_n come_v with_o his_o master_n horse_n to_o town_n where_o by_o custom_n good_n may_v be_v attach_v for_o debt_n and_o upon_o a_o plaint_n against_o the_o servant_n a_o officer_n of_o the_o town_n attach_v the_o master_n horse_n think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o servant_n that_o ignorance_n excuse_v not_o ibidem_fw-la so_o if_o the_o sheriff_n by_o a_o replevin_n deliver_v other_o beast_n than_o be_v distrain_v though_o the_o party_n that_o distrain_v show_v he_o they_o be_v the_o same_o beast_n yet_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v against_o he_o for_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v by_o law_n as_o all_o officer_n common_o be_v to_o execute_v the_o king_n write_v at_o his_o peril_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o it_o and_o to_o see_v that_o the_o act_n that_o he_o do_v be_v lawful_o do_v ibidem_fw-la but_o some_o say_v if_o upon_o a_o summons_n in_o a_o praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la the_o sheriff_n by_o information_n of_o the_o detendant_n summon_v the_o tenant_n in_o another_o man_n land_n think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o tenant_n land_n there_o he_o shall_v be_v excuse_v for_o he_o do_v not_o seize_v land_n but_o only_o summon_v the_o tenant_n on_o the_o land_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o information_n of_o the_o demandant_n and_o though_o he_o be_v ignorant_a that_o that_o be_v the_o land_n yet_o that_o suffice_v to_o the_o sheriff_n as_o to_o his_o entry_n for_o the_o summon_n as_o they_o say_v though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o tenant_n land_n ibidem_fw-la sect_n vii_o from_o the_o politic_n the_o last_o fountain_n from_o whence_o the_o law_n derive_v ground_n be_v the_o political_a science_n which_o of_o all_o thereof_o as_o plato_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o as_o ar._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o queen_n and_o regent_n for_o she_o prescribe_v certain_a law_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v sound_o teach_v and_o glorious_o publish_v and_o gracious_o minister_v to_o they_o her_o protection_n and_o she_o be_v the_o lady_n and_o mistress_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n for_o though_o other_o science_n and_o especial_o the_o ethicall_a instruct_v man_n how_o to_o live_v well_o and_o happy_o yet_o many_o egregious_a philosopher_n which_o profess_v the_o protection_n of_o that_o art_n and_o science_n be_v observe_v to_o live_v loose_o and_o vicious_o and_o as_o cicero_n alios_fw-la esse_fw-la pecunia_fw-la cupidos_fw-la gloriae_fw-la non_fw-la nullos_fw-la multos_fw-la libidinum_fw-la seruos_fw-la some_o to_o be_v covetous_a of_o gold_n other_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n and_o many_o to_o serve_v their_o lust_n so_o as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o restrain_v by_o the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o science_n by_o which_o magistrate_n and_o law_n be_v ordain_v to_o curb_v those_o who_o will_v not_o be_v adduce_v for_o the_o love_n of_o virtue_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o just_a and_o formidine_fw-la paenae_fw-la for_o fear_n of_o punishment_n to_o fright_v and_o force_v they_o into_o 〈◊〉_d more_o virtuous_a and_o civil_a manner_n of_o live_v &_o 〈◊〉_d magisterio_fw-la as_o camerarius_fw-la full_o vita_fw-la communis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ur_fw-la &_o constituitur_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o legibus_fw-la ut_fw-la societates_fw-la hoâ—_n num_fw-la quae_fw-la res_fw-la publicae_fw-la vocantur_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la conserventuâ—_n â—nâ—_n by_o who_o magisteriall_a rule_n the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n be_v so_o order_v and_o dispose_v by_o right_a and_o law_n that_o the_o society_n of_o man_n which_o be_v call_v republic_n may_v be_v preserve_v on_o the_o earth_n without_o doubt_n therefore_o many_o principal_a and_o royal_a ground_n of_o the_o law_n must_v spring_v and_o grow_v from_o this_o sovereign_a science_n from_o which_o the_o law_n receive_v its_o constitution_n and_o confirmation_n as_o the_o ground_n ensue_v will_v manifest_v salus_fw-la populi_fw-la prima_fw-la lex_fw-la esta_fw-es lâ—x_n 12._o tabularum_fw-la and_o coke_n l._n 11._o f._n 113._o b._n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o health_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o prime_n and_o chief_a law_n that_o be_v the_o prime_a and_o principal_a scope_n to_o which_o all_o our_o action_n ought_v to_o tend_v be_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o commonweal_n and_o therefore_o do_v our_o law_n favour_n thing_n for_o the_o commonweal_n and_o as_o dyer_n f._n 36._o pl_z 40._o in_o case_n which_o sound_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o man_n may_v justify_v the_o do_n of_o a_o wrong_n as_o in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o man_n may_v justify_v the_o raise_n of_o bulwark_n in_o another_o man_n soil_n and_o so_o may_v he_o justify_v the_o raise_n of_o a_o house_n that_o burn_v â—â—r_a the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o neighbour_n so_o if_o the_o sheriff_n pursue_v a_o felon_n to_o a_o house_n and_o for_o to_o have_v the_o felon_n he_o break_v the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n he_o may_v justify_v it_o because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o commonweal_n that_o such_o felon_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o particular_a case_n as_o if_o the_o sheriff_n break_v the_o house_n to_o arrest_v one_o in_o the_o house_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o capias_fw-la in_o debt_n or_o trespass_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o that_o be_v a_o particular_a case_n and_o not_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common_a if_o the_o lessor_n have_v villain_n and_o one_o or_o divers_a of_o they_o commit_v felony_n and_o that_o the_o lessee_n pursue_v they_o as_o felon_n by_o which_o he_o exile_v they_o of_o the_o manor_n he_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o waist_n but_o if_o the_o villain_n slander_v he_o for_o which_o he_o do_v they_o exile_n it_o be_v punishable_a by_o knightly_a fisherman_n may_v justify_v their_o come_n upon_o land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n to_o dry_v their_o net_n though_o it_o be_v another_o ground_n for_o fish_v be_v for_o the_o commonweal_n and_o sustenance_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n 8_o e._n 4._o 18._o b._n and_o upon_o this_o reason_n the_o civilian_n say_v si_fw-mi piscator_fw-la ligat_fw-la navem_fw-la ad_fw-la arborem_fw-la dominus_fw-la eam_fw-la incidere_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la if_o a_o fisherman_n ty_v his_o ship_n to_o a_o tree_n the_o master_n of_o that_o soil_n can_v cut_v the_o tree_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o king_n before_o the_o statute_n
quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la diaturnitate_fw-la temporis_fw-la efficit_fw-la 2._o l._n 1_o de_fw-la repub_fw-la f._n 2._o ut_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la toleranda_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la que_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_o boni_fw-la &_o aequi_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la we_o be_v to_o yield_v something_o to_o custom_n which_o certain_o by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n do_v effect_n that_o some_o thing_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v tolerate_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n and_o equity_n so_o moses_n tolerate_v and_o suffer_v the_o jew_n libello_fw-la repudii_fw-la by_o a_o bill_n of_o refusal_n to_o forsake_v their_o wife_n though_o the_o indissoluble_a bond_n of_o matrimony_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o this_o dispensation_n as_o our_o saviour_n say_v be_v permit_v for_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n because_o their_o heart_n through_o inveterate_a custom_n be_v harden_v against_o that_o divine_a ordinance_n consuetudo_fw-la more_fw-it utentiam_fw-la approbata_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinet_fw-la bract._n l._n 3._o c._n 1._o &_o coke_n l._n 4._o f._n 21._o consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la altera_fw-la lex_fw-la a_o custom_n approve_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o user_n obtain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n and_o be_v another_o law_n r._n arist_n 1._o r._n for_o those_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o custom_n as_o the_o philosopher_n say_v which_o therefore_o we_o do_v because_o we_o have_v often_o do_v they_o and_o when_o a_o reasonable_a act_n once_o do_v be_v find_v to_o be_v beneficial_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o people_n than_o do_v they_o use_v and_o practice_v it_o often_o and_o so_o by_o the_o reiteration_n and_o multiplication_n of_o the_o same_o become_v a_o custom_n and_o so_o be_v without_o interruption_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n practise_v for_o the_o quiet_a &_o by_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o people_n obtain_v the_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n for_o as_o bo._n princep_v legum_fw-la 1._o sod_a de_fw-fr repub_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 1._o pulus_fw-la morum_fw-la magister_fw-la the_o prince_n be_v the_o master_n &_o founder_v of_o law_n &_o ordinance_n and_o the_o people_n of_o manner_n and_o custom_n 2._o just_a l._n 1._o tit_n 2._o which_o accord_v with_o the_o description_n of_o justian_n quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la populus_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o constituit_fw-la id_fw-la ipsius_fw-la proprium_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la what_o every_o people_n ordain_v to_o be_v a_o law_n to_o themselves_o that_o be_v a_o proper_a and_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o city_n la._n cicer._n in_o la._n maxima_fw-la est_fw-la vis_fw-la consuetudinis_fw-la say_v the_o eminent_a legist_n of_o rome_n the_o force_n of_o custom_n be_v very_o great_a in_o so_o much_o that_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la altera_fw-la natura_fw-la so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la altera_fw-la lex_fw-la for_o as_o coke_n l._n 5._o epist_n ad_fw-la lectorem_fw-la of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n profess_v that_o at_o this_o time_n all_o kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n be_v govern_v by_o law_n and_o that_o every_o nation_n have_v his_o peculiar_a and_o approve_a custom_n which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a bind_n and_o firm_a law_n so_o as_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la varios_fw-la casus_fw-la artem_fw-la experientia_fw-la fecit_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v per_fw-la varios_fw-la usus_fw-la legem_fw-la experientia_fw-la fecit_fw-la co._n come_v f._n 97._o b._n there_o be_v particular_a custom_n and_o general_a custom_n particular_a custom_n be_v such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o some_o certain_a county_n city_n town_n or_o lordship_n and_o general_a custom_n be_v such_o as_o be_v use_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n preface_n in_o his_o preface_n for_o as_o davis_n the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o coke_n the_o common_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o common_a opinion_n general_o receive_v and_o finch_n the_o common_a law_n be_v a_o law_n use_v by_o prescription_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n finch_n nomot_n f._n 75._o &_o ployd_v f._n 95._o a._n the_o common_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o common_a use_n and_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n c._n 1._o l._n 9_o the_o law_n be_v ancient_a use_n warrant_v by_o scripture_n and_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n pref_o dau._n pref_o because_o give_v to_o all_o in_o general_a and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n with_o this_o definition_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o include_v all_o custom_n be_v a_o reasonable_a act_n iterate_v multiply_v and_o continue_v by_o the_o people_n 3._o l._n 1._o r._n c._n 3._o de_fw-fr temps_fw-fr dont_fw-fr memoire_fw-fr ne_fw-fr court_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n aristotle_n say_v injustum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la praeter_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la patrias_fw-la quicquam_fw-la agere_fw-la all_o nation_n hold_v it_o unjust_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o custom_n be_v another_o law_n frag._n ennig_n frag._n and_o that_o we_o may_v say_v with_o the_o ancient_a roman_a poet_n as_o he_o sing_v of_o the_o roman_n moribus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la stat_fw-la resque_fw-la britanna_n virisque_fw-la the_o state_n of_o england_n stand_v on_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o though_o it_o be_v jus_o non_fw-la scriptum_fw-la and_o only_o write_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n yet_o as_o sir_n john_n davis_n it_o do_v far_o excel_v our_o write_a law_n namely_o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v manifest_a in_o this_o that_o when_o our_o parliament_n have_v alter_v preface_n in_o his_o preface_n and_o change_v any_o fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n those_o alteration_n have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v be_v in_o effect_n restore_v again_o in_o some_o point_n by_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o succeed_a age_n as_o it_o be_v a_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o the_o common_a law_n quod_fw-la haereditarium_fw-la jus_o omne_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la simplex_fw-la transit_fw-la that_o all_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v fee-simple_n which_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o ed._n 1._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la intend_v to_o limit_n and_o to_o give_v every_o man_n power_n to_o create_v a_o new_a estate_n in_o tail_n and_o establish_v a_o perpetuity_n of_o his_o land_n so_o as_o the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v alien_v or_o let_v but_o during_o the_o life_n of_o tenant_n in_o tail_n whereupon_o these_o inconvenience_n ensue_v purchase_v defeat_v lease_n evict_v and_o other_o estate_n and_o grant_n make_v upon_o good_a consideration_n avoid_v creditor_n defraud_v of_o their_o just_a debt_n and_o offender_n enbolden_v to_o commit_v capital_a offence_n etc._n etc._n who_o therefore_o be_v first_o bar_v by_o common_a recovery_n and_o then_o dock_v by_o fine_n 15._o e._n 3._o 14._o by_o herb._n &_o coke_n l._n 4._o ep._n ad_fw-la lectorem_fw-la so_o the_o statute_n of_o non-claime_a of_o 34._o e._n 3._o be_v against_o a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n whereby_o ensue_v the_o universal_a trouble_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v it_o alter_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 7._o c._n 24._o coke_n ibidem_fw-la 32._o so_o by_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n land_n be_v not_o devisable_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o &_o 34._o h._n 8._o concern_v which_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o many_o subtle_a and_o intricate_a question_n arise_v concern_v the_o construction_n of_o will_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o and_o hindrance_n of_o multitude_n coke_n ibi_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o politic_a axiom_n that_o the_o alteration_n of_o any_o fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o use_n and_o experience_n be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o we_o ought_v to_o vote_n and_o resolve_v with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o against_o the_o bishop_n who_o will_v have_v introduce_v the_o civil_a law_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la we_o will_v not_o change_v the_o law_n of_o england_n to_o which_o purpose_n i_o add_v the_o asseveration_n of_o cicero_n ante_fw-la nostram_fw-la memoriam_fw-la terterum_fw-la morem_fw-la repub_fw-la frey_n cil._n de_fw-fr repub_fw-la ac_fw-la majorum_fw-la instituta_fw-la retinebant_fw-la excellentes_fw-la viri_fw-la before_o our_o memory_n excellent_a man_n do_v retain_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o the_o institute_n of_o their_o elder_n optimus_fw-la legum_fw-la interpres_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la co._n l._n 2._o f._n 81._o a._n the_o best_a expounder_n of_o the_o law_n be_v custom_n if_o land_n hold_v by_o grand_a serjanty_n be_v alien_v without_o licence_n it_o be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o common_a law_n because_o the_o service_n of_o the_o body_n can_v be_v transfer_v to_o another_o 14_o e._n 3._o