declaration of treasons and none other Here may you see this Statute doth referre all the offences aforesayde to the Statute of the xxv of Edw. iij. whiche statute hath these wordes touching and concerning the treasons that I am indited and arreigned of that is to saye Whosoeuer with compasse or imagine the death of the king or leuie warre against the king in his realme or being adherent to the kings enimies within this Realme or elsewhere and bee thereof probably attainted by open deede by people of their condicion shall be adiudged a traytor Now I praye you of my Iurie whiche haue my lyfe in triall note well what things at this daye bee treasons and howe these treasons must be tried and decerned that is to saye by open deede which the lawes doth at some time terme ouert acte and nowe I aske notwithstanding my inditement which is but matter alledged where doth appeare the open deede of any compassing or imagining the Quenes death or where doth appeare any open deede of being adherent to the Queenes enimies giuing to them ayde and comfort or where doth appeare any open deede of taking the tower of London Bromley Why doe not you of the Queenes learned Counsell aunswere him Me thinke Throckmorton you neede not to haue the statutes for you haue them meetely perfectly Stanforde You are deceyued to conclude all treasons in the statute of the xxv yeare of Edwarde the thirde for that statute is but a declaration of certaine treasons whiche were treasons before at the Common lawe Euen so there doth remayne diuerse other treasons at this day at the Common lawe which be expressed by that statute as the Iudges can declare Neuerthelesse there is matter sufficient alledged and proued against you to bring you within the compasse of the same Statute Throckmor I praye you expresse those matters that bring me within the compasse of the statute of Edwarde the thirde For the wordes be these And be thereof attainted by open deede by people of like condicion Bromley Throckmorton you deceyue your selfe and mistake these wordes by people of their condicion For thereby the lawe doth vnderstande the discouering of your treasons As for example Wiat and the other rebelles attainted for their great treasons already declare you to be his and their adherent in as much as diuerse and sundrie times you had conference with him and them aboute the treason so as Wiat is now one of your condicion who as all the worlde knoweth hath committed an open trayterous fact Throckmor By your leaue my Lorde this is a verye straunge and singular vnderstanding For I suppose the meaning of the Lawe makers did vnderstande these wordes By people of their condicion of the state and condicion of those persons whiche shoulde bee on the Inquest to trie the partie arreygned guiltie or not guiltie and nothing to the bewraying of the offence by another mans act as you say for what haue I to doe with Wiats actes that was not nigh him by one hundreth myles Thattorney Will you take vppon you to skill better of the lawe than the Iudges I doubt not but you of the Iurie will credite as it becommeth you Cholmley Concerning the true vnderstanding of these words By people of their condicion my Lord chiefe Iustice here hath declared the truth for Wiat was one of your condicion that is to say of your conspiracie Hare You doe not denie Throckmorton but that there hath bene conference and sending betweene Wiat and you and he and Winter dothe confesse the same with others so as it is playne Wiat may well be called one of youre condicion Throckmor Well seeing you my Iudges rule the vnderstanding of these wordes in the Statute By people of your condicion thus straungelye against mee I will not stande longer vppon them But where dothe appeare in mee an open deede wherevnto the treason is speciallye referred Bromley If thre or foure do talke deuise and conspire togither of a trayterous acte to be done and afterwards one of them doth commit treason as Wiat did then the lawe doth repute them and euerye of them as their actes so as Wiats actes doe implie and argue your open deede and so the lawe doth terme it and take it Throckmor These be marueylous expositions and wonderfull implications that another mans acte whereof I was not priuie shoulde be accounted myne for Wiat did purge me that I knew nothing of his stirre Hare Yea sir but you were a principall procurer and contriuer of Wiats rebellion thoughe you were not with him when he made the stirre And as my Lord here hath sayd the law always doth adiudge him a traytor which was priuie doth procure treason or any other man to committe treason or a trayterous acte as you did Wiat and others for so the ouert acte of those whiche did it by your procurement shall in this case be accounted your open deede We haue a commō case in the lawe if one by procurement shoulde disseyse you of your lande the lawe holdeth vs both wrong doers and giueth remedie as well against the one as the other Throckmor For Gods sake applie not such constructions against me though my present estate doth not moue you yet it were well you shoulde consider your office and thinke what measure you giue to others you your selues I say shall assuredly receyue the same agayne The state of mortall life is such y t men know full little what hangeth ouer them I put on within this xij monethes such a minde that I moste wofull wight was as vnlyke to stande here as some of you that sit there As to your case last recited whereby you woulde conclude I haue remembred and learned of you master Hare and you master Stanforde in the Parliament house where you did sit to make lawes to expounde and explane the ambiguities and doubtes of lawe sincerely and that without affections There I say I learned of you and others my maisters of the lawe this difference betwixt such cases as you remembred one euen nowe and the statute whereby I am to be tried There is a maxime or principle in the lawe which ought not to bee violated that no penall statute may ought or shoulde be construed expounded extended or wrested otherwise than the simple wordes and nude letter of the same statute doth warrant and signifie And amongst diuers good and notable reasons by you there in the Parliament house debated maister sergeant Stanford I noted this one why y e said maxime ought to be inuiolable you said considering the priuate affections manye tymes both of Princes ministers within this realme for that they were men and woulde and coulde erre it shoulde be no securitie but very daungerous to the subiect to referre the construction and extending of penall statutes to anye Iudges equitie as you termed it which might eyther by feare of the higher powers be seduced or by ignoraunce and follye abused And that is an aunswere by procurement
him and as it were couenaunting with him by an interchangeable othe that if euer he might vnderstand that he did violate and breake that oth he should die for it a most shamefull death This yeare the Danes that lay rouing on the Seas did much hurt to the English Merchants taking and robbing many English Shippes when the hauen townes alongst the Coastes of Northfolke made forth a number of Shippes The Danes robbe the English marchâ—… on the seas ventured to fighte with those Pirats they were vanquished by the Danes so that manye were slayne and manye taken prisoners whiche were constreined to pay great ransomes The enimies also found in ransacking the Englishe Shippes Great prises wonne by thâ—… Daâ—…lâ—…hâ—…peâ—… 〈◊〉 of the english men twentie M. poundes which the Englishe Merchants had aboorde with theÌ„ to buy wares with in place whither they were bound to goe The same yere Wil. Courtney Archb. of Canterbury hauing more regard to his own priuate coÌ„modity thaÌ„ to the discoÌ„modity of others purchased a Bull of the Pope whereby hee was authorised to leauie through his whole prouince four pence of the pound of all Ecclesiastical promotions as well in places exempt as not exeÌ„pt no true nor lawfull cause being shewed or pretended why he ought so to doe and to see y e execution of this Bull put in practise the Archbyshop of York the Bishop of London were named appoynted many that feared y t censures of suche high executioners chose rather to paye the money forthwith than to goe to the lawe and be compelled happely maugre their good willes Some there were that appealed to the Sea of Rome meaning to defende their cause and to procure that so vnlawfull an exaction myghte be reuoked Specially the prebendaries of Lincolne stoode most stiffely againste those Byshops but the death of the Archbyshop that chanced shortly after made an ende of those so passing great troubles This yeare Iohn Waltham Byshoppe of Salisburie Waltham bishop of Salisbury buried at Westminster amongst the kings and Lorde Treasorer of Englande departed this life and by King Richarde hys appoyntmente hadde the honor to haue his bodye enterred at Westminster among the Kings After his deceasse Roger Walden that before was Secretarie to the Kyng and Treasorer of Calais was now made Lord Treasorer An. reg 19. Ye haue hearde that in the yeare .1392 Robert Veer Duke of Ireland departed this life in Loname in Brabant King Richarde therefore thys yeare in Nouember caused his corps being embaulmed to be conueyed into Englande and so to the Priorie of Colney in Essex The Duke of Irelandes corps â—…eyed froÌ„ Iâ—…yn into Englande and 〈◊〉 royally â—…red appoynting him to bee layde in a Coffine of Cypres and to be adorned with princely garmentes hauyng a chayne of golde about his necke and riche ryngs on his fingers And to shew what loue and assertion hee bare vnto him in his life time the Kyng caused the Coffine to bee opened that hee mighte beholde his face bared and touche him with hys hands he honored his funerall exequies with hys presence accompanyed with the Countesse of Oxforde mother to the sayde Duke the Archbyshop of Canterburie and many other Byshops Abbots and Priors but of noble men there were very few for they had not yet disgested the enuie and hatred whiche they hadde conceyued against hym Froisart In this meane whyle the Duke of Lancaster was in Gascoigne treating with the Lordes of the Countrey and the inhabitantes of the good Townes whiche vtterly refused to receyue hym otherwise than as a Lieutenaunte or substitute to the Kyng of England and in the ende addressed messengers into Englande to signifie to the Kyng that they hadde bin accustomed to be gouerned by Kings The Gascoyns â—…de vnto K. Rich signify 〈◊〉 vnto hym 〈◊〉 ought 〈◊〉 to be deâ—…ed from 〈◊〉 â—…wne and meant not now to become subiectes to any other contrary to all reason sith the King could not sauing his othe alyene them from the Crowne The Duke of Lancaster vsed all wayes hee mighte deuise howe to winne theyr good willes and hadde sente also certayne of his trustie counsellors ouer hither into Englande as Sir William Perreer Sir Peter Clifton two clearkes learned in the lawe the one called master Iohn Hucch and the other master Iohn Richardes a Chanon of Leycester to pleade and solicite hys cause but to bee briefe suche reasons were shewed and suche matter vnfolded by the Gascoignes why they ought not bee separated from the Crowne of England that finally notwithstanding the Duke of Gloucester and certayne other were againste them it was decreed that the Countrey and Duchie of Aquitayne shoulde remayne still in demayne of the Crowne of Englande The graunt of the duchie of Aquitayne to the duke of Lancaster reuoked least that by thys transportyng thereof it myghte fortune in tyme that the heritage thereof shoulde fall into the handes of some straunger and enimie to the Englishe nation so that then the homage and soueraignetie mighte perhappes be lost for euer Indeede the Duke of Gloucester beeyng a Prince of an hygh minde and loth to haue the Duke of Lancaster at home being so hyghly in the Kyngs fauoure coulde haue beene well pleased that hee shoulde haue enioyed hys gifte for that hee thoughte thereby to haue borne all the rule about the Kyng for the Duke of Yorke was a man rather coueting to lyue in pleasure than to deale with muche businesse and the weightie affayres of the Realme Aboute the same tyme or somewhat before the Kyng sente an Ambassade to the Frenche Kyng the Archebyshoppe of Dublin the Earle of Rutlande the Earle Marshall Ambassadours sente into France to treat a mariage betvvene K. Richarde and the French kings daughter the Lorde Beaumonde the Lorde Spencer the Lorde Clifforde named Lewes and twentie knightes with fortie Esquiers The cause of theyr going ouer was to intreate of a marriage to be had betwixt hym and the Lady Isabell daughter to the French king shee beeyng as then not past an eighte yeares of age whiche before hadde beene promised vnto the Duke of Britaignes sonne but in consideration of the greate benefite that was lykely to ensue by thys communication and alliance with Englande there was a meane founde to vndoe that knotte though not presently These Englishe Lordes at their comming to Paris were ioyfully receyued and so courteously entertayned banqueted feasted and cherished and that in most honorable sorte as nothyng coulde bee more all their charges and expenses were borne by the Frenche Kyng and when they shoulde departe they receyued for aunswere of theyr message very comfortable wordes and so with hope to haue their matter spedde they returned But nowe when the Duke of Lancaster had by laying foorthe an inestimable masse of treasure purchased in a manner the good willes of them of Aquitayne Tho. VVals and compassed hys whole desire hee was suddaynely
Logicke Rethoricke the Quadriuials Study of the Quadriuialles perspectiues neglected Although the later I meane Arithmeticke Musicke Geometrie and Astronomie and with them all skill in the perfectiues are now smally regarded in eyther of them the Vniuersityes themselues doe allowe competent stipendes to such as reade the same whereby they are sufficiently prouided for touching the maintenaunce of their estates and no lesse incouraged to be diligent in their functions These professours in like sort haue all the rule of disputations and other schoole exercises which are dayly vsed in common schooles seuerally assigned to eache of them and such of their hearers as by their skil shewed in the sayde disputacions are thought to haue attayned any conuenient ryâ—…enesse of knowledge according to the custome of other Vniuersities although not in like order are permitted solemly to take their deserued degrées of schoole in the same science and facultie wherin they haue spent their trauaile From that tyme forwarde also they vse such difference in apparell as becommeth their callings tendeth vnto grauitie maketh them knowne to be called to some countenance The first degrée of all is that of the generalâ—… Sophisters Sophisters froÌ„ whence when they haue learned more sufficiently the rules of Logicke Rethoricke and obtayned thereto competent skill in Philosophie and in the Mathematicalles they ascende hygher to the estate of Batchelers of arte Batchelers of Art FroÌ„ thence also giuing their minds to more perfit knowledge in some or all y e other liberal sciences and the tongues they ryse at the last to be called Maisters of art Masters of Arte. eche of them being at that time reputed for a Doctor in his facultie if he professe but one of y e said scieÌ„ces beside philosophie or for his general skill if he be exercised in them all After this they are permitted to chose what other of the higher stodyes them lyketh to follow whether it be Diuinity Law or Phisicke so that beyng once Maisters of Arte y e next degrée if they follow Phisick is the Doctorship belonging to that profession and lykewyse in the study of the Law if they bende their mynds to the knowledge of the same But if they meane to go forward with Diuinitie this is the order vsed in that profession First after they haue necessarily procéeded maisters of Arte they preach one sermon to the people in Englishe and another to the Vniuersitie in Latin They aunswere aâ—…l comers also in theyr owne persons vnto twoo seuerall questions of Diuinity in the opeÌ„ Scholes at one time for the space of two houres afterwarde reply twise against some other man vpoÌ„ a like number and on two seuerall dayes in the same place which beyng done wyth comendation he receyueth the fourth degrée that is Bacheler of Diuinitie but not before he hath beene mayster of Arte Batcheler of Diuinitie by the space of seauen yeares according to theyr statutes The next last degrée of all is the Doctorship after other thrée yeares Doctor for the which he must once againe performe all such exercises actes as are afore remembred and then is he reputed able to gouerne and teach other and lykewyse taken for a Doctor Thus we sée that from our enteraunce into the Vniuersity vnto the last degrée receiued is commonly eyghtéene or twentie yeares in which tyme if a Student hath not obteyned sufficient learning thereby to serue hâ—â— owne turne benefite hys common wealth let him neuer looke by â—…arying longer to come by any more A man maye if he will 〈…〉 his studyâ—… with the Lawe or Phisickeâ—… 〈…〉 commeth to the Vniuersity 〈…〉 in the tongues and rypenesse 〈…〉 serue therefore which if he 〈…〉 degrée is Bacheler of Law 〈…〉 and for the same he must perfourâ—â—e such 〈◊〉 in his owne science as the â—…acheleâ—◠〈◊〉 Doctors of Diuinitie do for their partes y e onely sermons except which belongeth 〈◊〉 to his calling but as these are not matters of such importance as may deserue any further tractation I so will leaue them goâ—â— hande with the rest There is moreouer in euery house a Maâ—…ster who hath vnder him a president and certeine Censors or Deanes appointed to looke to the behauiour maner of the Studentes there whom they punish very seuerâ—…ly if they make any default according to the quantitye qualitye of their trespasses â—…uer eche Vniuersitie also there is a seuerall Chauncelour whose Offices are perpetual howbeit their substitutes whome wée call Vicechauncelors are chaunged euery yere as are also the Proctors Taskers Maisterâ—… of the streates other officers for the better maintenaÌ„ce of their policie estate And 〈◊〉 much at this time of both our Vniuersities To these two also we maye in lyke sorte adde the thirde 〈◊〉 which is at London seruyng onelye for such as studye the Lawes of the Realme where there are sundrye famous houses of which thrée are called by the name of Iunes of the Court the reast of the Chauncery and all buylded before time for the furtheraunce and commoditie of such as applye their minds vnto the coÌ„mon Lawes Out of these also come Schollers of greatâ—… fame whereof the most part haue heretofore béene brought vp in one of y e aforesaide Vniuersities prooue such commonly as in processe of time rise vp only thorow their profound skil to great honor in the coÌ„mon welth of England They haue also degrées of learning among theÌ„selues rules of discipline vnder which they lyue most ciuilye in their houses albeit that the younger sort of them abroade in the stréetes are scarce able to be brydled by any good order at all Certes this errour was woont also greatly to raigne in CaÌ„bridge Oxforde but as it is well left in these two places so in forreine Countryes it cannot yet be suppressed Besides these Vniuersities also there are great number of Grammer scholes thorowe out the Realme and those very lyberally indued for the better reliefe of poore schollers so that there are not many corporate townes now vnder the Quéenes dominion y t hath not one Gramerschoole at the least with a sufficient liuing for a Mayster and Vsher appointed to y e same There are in lyke maner dyuers collegiate churches â—…indsor â—…inchester â—…aton â—…estminâ—â—r as Windsor Wincester Eaton Westminster and in the later thrée of those a great number of poore Schollers dailye maintayned by the liberalitie of the founders with meate bookes and apparrel from whence after they haue béene well entered in the knowledge of the Lattin and Gréeke tongues and rules of versifiyng they are sent to certeine especiall houses in eche Vniuersitye where they are receyued and trayned vp in the pointes of higher knowledge in their priuate halles till they be adiudged méete to shewe their faces in the Schooles as I haue said already And thus much haue I thought good to note of our Vniuersities lykewyse of Colledges in the same
After this about the .xxj. yeare of his raigne Anno. 708 as is noted by Mat. VVest king Inas and his cosin Nun fought with â—…erent king of the Brytaynes In the beginning of the battaile one Higelbald a noble man of the West Saxons part was slaine H. Hunt but in the ende Gerent with his Brytains was chased In the .xxvi. yeare of his raigne Mat. VVest hath 718. the same Inas fought a mightie battaile against Cheolred King of Mercia at Wâ—â—enesburie with doubtfull victorie for it could not well be iudged whether part susteyned greater losse In the .xxxvi. yeare of his raigne king Inas inuaded the South Saxons with a mightie armie and 〈◊〉 in battaile Ealdbright or 〈◊〉 king of the South Saxons ioyned that kingdome vnto the kingdome of the West Saxons Mat. VVest hath 722. so that from thence forth the kingdome of those South Saxons ceassed after they had raigned in that kingdome by the space of fiue kings successiuely that is to wit â—…lla Cissa Ethelwalke The end of 〈◊〉 kingdome of the South Saxoes Berutius and this last Aldhinius or Ealdbright Finally when Inas had raigned .xxxvij. yeares and .x. or .xj. odde Monethes hee renounced the rule of his kingdome togither with all worldly pompe and went vnto Rome as a poore pylgryme Inas went to Rome and there dyed and there ended his life But before this during the time of his raigne hee shewed himselfe verie deuout and zealous towardes the aduauncement of the Christian Religion He made and ordeyned also good and wholesome lawes for the amendment of maners in the people whiche are yet extant and to bee reâ—â—e written in the Saxon tongue and translated into the Latine in tymes past and nowe lately agayne by maister William Lambert and imprinted by Iohn Day in the yeare .1568 togither wyth the lawes and Statutes of other Kings before the Conquest as to the learned it may appeare Moreouer king Ine or Inas buylded the Church of Welles dedicating it vnto saint Andrew where afterwardes a Bishops Sea was placed which at length was translated vnto Salisburie Ethelburga He had to wife one Ethelburga a woman of noble lynage who had beene earnest in hande with him a long time to perswade him to forsake the worlde but shee could by no meanes bring hir purpose to passe VVil. Malm. till vppon a time the king and she had lodged at a Manor place in the Countrey where all prouision had beene made for the receyuing of them and theyr trayne in most sumptuous manner that might be as well in riche furniture of householde as also in costly viandes and all other things needefull or that might serue for pleasure and when they were departed the Queene the foresayde Ethelburga caused the keeper of that house to remoue all the bedding The deuise of Queene Ethelburga to perswade hir husband to forsake the world hangings and other such things as had beene brought thither and ordeyned for the beautifull setting forth of the house and in place therof to bring ordure strawe and suche lyke fylth as well into the Chambers and Haâ—â— as into all the houses of office and that done to lay a Sowe wyth Pigges in the place where before the kings bed had stoode Herepon when she had knowledge that euerye thing was ordered according to hir appoyntment she perswaded the King to returne thyther agayne feyning occasions great and necessarieâ—… After he was returned to that house whiche before seemed to the eye a Palace of moste pleasure and nowe fynding it in suche a fylthie sâ—â—te as might lothe the stomacke of any man to beholde the same shee tooke occasion thereof to perswade him to the consideration of the 〈◊〉 pleasures of this worlde whiche in a moment turned to naught togyther with the corruption of the fleshe beeing a fylthie lumpe of Claye after it shoulde once be dyssolued by death and in fine where before shee had spente muche labour to moue hym to renounce the Worlde though all in vayne yet nowe the beholding of that chaunge in his pleasant Palayce wherein â—…o late hee had taken so greate delight wrought suche an alteration in hys mynde that hir wordes lastlye tooke effecte so that hee resigned the Kingdome to his cousin Ethelard and went himselfe to Rome as aboue iâ—… mentioned and his wife became a Nunne in the Abbey of Barking where she was made Abbesse and finally there ended hir lyfe This Inas was the fyrst that caused the money called Peter pens Peter pens to bee payde vnto the Bishop of Rome which was for euery houshold within his dominion a pennie In this meane time Edilred or Ethelred hauing gouerned the Kingdome of Mercia by the terme of .xxix. yeares King Ethelred becommeth a Monke became a Monke in the Abbey of Bardeny and after was made Abbot of that house Ostrida He had to wyfe one Ostryda the sister of Ecgfride King of Northumberlande by whome hee had a sonne named Ceolred But he appoynted Kenred the sonne of his Brother Vulfhere to succeed him in the kingdome Beda in Epit. The sayde Ostrida was cruelly slaine by the treason of hir husbandes subiectes about the yeare of our Lorde .697 697 King Kenreds The foresayde Kenred was a Prince of greate vertue deuoute towardes God a furtherer of the common wealth of his Countrey and passed hys lyfe in greate synceritye of maners In the fifth yeare of his raigne he renounced the worlde and went to Rome togither with Offa king of East Saxons where he was made a Monke â–ª and finally dyed there in the yeare of our Lord .711 711 Nauclerus By the ayde and furtherance of this Kenred a Monke of Saint Benetâ—… order cleped Egwin buylded the Abbay of Euâ—…shame Egwin Bishop of Worcester Afterwardes the same Egwine was made Bishoppe of Worcester Wee finde it recorded by wryters that this Egwine had warning giuen to him by visions as hee constantly affyrmed before Pope Constantine to set vp an Image of our Laâ—â—eâ—… in his Churche Herevppon the Pope approuing the testifications of this Byshoppe by hys Bulles wrytte to Bryghtwalde the Archebyshoppe of Canterburie to assemble a Synode and by authoritie thereof to establishe the vse of Images charging the kings of this lande to bee present at the same Synode vpon paine of excommunication This Sinode was holden about the yeare of our Lorde .712 in the dayes of Inas King of West Saxons Bale 710. and of Ceolred king of Mercia successor to the foresayde Kenred After Kenred succeeded Ceolredus the sonne of his vncle Edilred and died in the .viij. yeare of his raigne Harison hath three onely Henric. HuÌ„t and was buried at Lichfielde Then succeeded Ethelbaldus that was discended of Eopa the brother of king Penda as the fourth from hym by lineall succession Thys man gouerned a long time without any notable trouble some warres he had and sped diuersly In the
this Aulafe is not that Aulafe whiche was sonne to King Sithricke but rather that the other was hee with whome Kyng Edmond made partition of the Realme but they agree that this seconde Aulafe was a Dane also and being conuerted to the faith as well through constrainte of the Kyngs puissance as through the Preaching of the Gospell was Baptised Kyng Edmonde beeyng Godfather both to him and to the foresayde Reignolde to Aulafe at the fontstone and to Reignolde at his confirmation at the Bishoppes handes But their wicked natures coulde not rest in quiet so that they brake bothe promise to GOD and to theyr prince 944 Simon Dun. and were therefore in the yeare nexte followyng dryuen bothe out of the countrey and punished by perpetuall exile And so K. Edmond adioyned Northumberlande without admitting any other immediate gouernor vnto his own estate Leolin Kyng of South-Wales ayded K Edmonde in this enterprise 946 Moreouer he wasted spoiled whole Cumberland bycause he could not reduce y e people of that countrey vnto due obeysance and coÌ„formable subiection The two sonnes of Dunmaile K. of that prouince hee apprehended and caused their eyes to be put out And herewith vppon consideration eyther of suche ayde as he had receiued of y e Scottes at that time or some other friendly respect he assigned the saide countrey of Cumberlande vnto Malcolme K. of Scottes to hold the same by fealtie of him and his successors The Scottishe Chronicles peruerting the tyme and order of the actes and doings of the Englishe kings whiche raigned about this season affirme that by couenauntes of peace concluded betwixte Malcolme King of Scotlande and Adelstane King of England it was agreed that Cumberlande shoulde remayne to the Scottes as in their Chronicles you may finde at full expressed And again that Indulfe who succeeded Malcolme in the Kingdome of Scotland ayded K. Edmonde against Aulafe whome y e same Chronicles name Aualassus but the time which they attribute vnto the raignes of their Kings will not allow the same to stand For by accompt of their writers King Malcolme began not his raigne till after the decesse of King Adelstane who departed thys life in the yere 9â—…0 And Malcolme succeded CoÌ„stantine the third in the yere .944 which was about the third yeare of Kyng Edmonds raigne and after Malcolme that raigned .xv. yeares succeeded Indulfe in the yeare .959 The like discordance preceedeth and foloweth in their writers as to the diligent Reader in conferring their Chronicles w t ours it manifestly appeareth We therefore to satisfie the desirous to vnderstande see the diuersitie of writers haue for the more part in their Chronicles left the same as we haue found it Polidor The lawes of K. Edmonde But now to the other doings of K. Edmond it is recorded that hee ordeyned diuerse good and wholesome lawes very profitable and necessary for the common wealth whiche lawes with dyuerse other of like antiquitie are forgot and blotted out by rust of time the consumer of thynges worthy of loÌ„g remembrance as sayth Polidore but sithence his time they haue bin recouered for the more part and by master William Lambert turned into Latyne were imprinted by Iohn Day in the yeare .1568 as before I haue sayde Fiue yeres and seuen monethes hath St. Dun. Finally this Prince K. Edmond after he had raigned sixe yeres and a halfe he came to his end by great misfortune for as some say it chanced that espying where one of his seruauntes was in daunger to bee slayne amongst his enimies that were about him with drawen swords as he stepped in to haue holpen his seruante he was slayne at a place called Pulcher Church Prideciâ—…e hath Si. Dâ—â— VVil. Mâ—â— Math. VVâ—â— 946 or as other haue Michelsbourgh Other say that keeping a great feast at the aforesayde place on the day of Saint Augustine the English Apostle which is the .26 of May and as that yeare came about it fell on the tewsday as hee was set at the table he espyed where a common robber was placed neere vnto him whome sometime he had banished the land and now being returned without licence he presumed to come into the kings presence wherwith the King was so moued with high disdaine that he suddaynely rose from the table and flew vpon the Theefe and catching him by the heare of the head threwe him vnder his feete wherewith the theefe hauing fast holde on the King broughte him downe vppon him also and with his knyfe stroke him into the belly in suche wise that the Kings bowels fell out of his chest and there presently dyed the theefe was hewen in peeces by the Kings seruauntes but yet he slewe and hurt diuers before they coulde dispatch him Thys chance was lamentable namely to the Englishe people whiche by the ouertimely deathe of theyr King in whome appeared many euident tokens of great excellencie lost the hope whiche they had conceiued of great wealth to encrease by his prudent and most princely gouernemente His body was buried at Glastenbury where Dunstan was then Abbot There be that write that the death of King Edmonde was signified aforehande to Dunstane who about the same time attendyng vppon the same Kyng Capgraâ—…e as hee remooued from one place to an other chanced to accompany hymselfe with a noble man one Duke Elstane A vayne tale and as they rode togither beholde suddaynely Dunstane sawe in the way before hym where the Kings Musitions rode the Deuill running and leaping amongst the same Musitions after a reioycing manner whome after hee had behelde a good while he said to the Duke is it possible that you may see that whiche I do see and the Duke aunswered he sawe nothing otherwise than hee ought to see Then saide Dunstane Crossing bringeth fight of the Deâ—…ies and crossing driueth them away blesse youre eyes with the signe of the crosse and trie whether you can see that I see And when hee hadde done as Dunstane appoynted hym hee sawe also the Fende in likenesse of a little short euill fauoured Ethyopian daunsing and leaping whereby they gathered that some euill happe was towardes some of the company But when they had crossed and blessed them the foule Spirit vanished out of their sight And after they had talked of this vision Dunstan as interpretor of dreames and made an end of their talke touching the same y e Duke required of Dunstane to interpret a dreame which he had of late in sleepe and that was this he thought that he sawe in vision the King with all his Nobles sit in hys dining chamber at meate and as they were therewith making merry togither the K. chanced to fall into a dead sleepe and all the Noble men and those of his counsell that were aboute him were changed into Roobuckes and Goates Dustan quickly declared that this dreame signified the Kings deathe and the chaunging of the Nobles into dumb and insensible beastes
Chester so that the same Leofryke bare great rule in ordering of things touching the state of the Cōmon wealth vnder hym as one of his chief counsellours Diuers laws and statutes he made for the gouernment of the cōmon wealth King Cnutes lavves partly agreeable with the lawes of king Edgar and other the kinges that were his predecessors and partely tempered according to his owne liking and as was thought to him most expediēt among the which there b. diuers that concerne causes as wel ecclesiasticall as temporall Wherby as M. For hath noted it may be gathered ◅hat the gouernement of spirituall matters dyd depend then not vpon y e Bishop of Rome but rather appertayned vnto the laufull authoritie of the temporall Prince no lesse than matters and causes temporall But of these lawes and statutes enacted by king Cnute ye maye reade more as ye finde them sette foorth in the before remembred booke of Master William Lambert whiche for briefnesse we heere omitte Harolde the base sonne of Cnute Harold Mat. VVest VVil. Mal. AFter that Cnute was departed this lyfe ther arose great variance amongst the peeres and great Lordes of the realme about the succession The Danes and Lōdoners which through continuall familiaritie had with the Danes were become lyke vnto them elected Harrolde the base sonne of king Cnute Controuersie for the crovvn to succeede in his fathers roome hauing Earle Leofrike and diuers other of the noble menne of the Northe partes on theyr side But other of the Englishmē and namely Erle Goodwyn Erle of Kent with the chiefest lordes of the weast partes coueted rather to haue one of K. Egelreds sons which were in Normandie or else Hardiknought the sonne of kyng Cnute by his wife Quene Emme Simon Dun. The realm deuided betvvixt Harold and Hadiknought which remained in Denmarke aduaunced to the place Thys controuersie helde in suche wyse that the Realme was deuided as some write by lotte betwixte the two brethren Harolde and Hardicnute The north parte as Mercia and Northumberlande fell to Harrolde and the south part vnto Hardicnute but at length the whole remained vnto Harrolde bycause his brother Hardicnute refused to come out of Denmarke to take the gouernment vpon him But yet the authoritie of Earle Goodwyn who had the queene and the treasure of the realm in his keeping stayed the matter a certayn time The authoritie of Erle Goodvvyn H. Hunt hee professing hymselfe as it were Gardian to the yong men the sonnes of the Queene tyll at length he was constrayned to gyue ouer hys holde and conforme hym selfe to the stronger parte and greater number And so at Oxforde where the assemble was holden aboute the election Harrolde was proclaymed kyng and sacred accordyng to the manner as some write But it shoulde appeare by other that the Archbishoppe of Canterburye Elnothus a manne endued with all vertue and wysedome refused to crowne hym The refusall of the Archb. Elnothus to sacre kyng Harolde For when kyng Harolde beeing elected of the nobles and peeres requyred the sayde Archebishoppe that he myght be of him sacred and receyue at hys handes the Regall Scepter wyth the Crowne whyche the Archebishoppe hadde in hys custodie and to whome it onely did appertayne to investe hym therewyth the Archebishop flatly refused and wyth an othe protested that he woulde not sacre any other for Kynge so long as the Queenes chyldren liued For sayth he Cnute committed them to my truste and assuraunce and to them will I keepe my sayth and loyall obedience The scepter and crowne I heere laye downe vpon the aulter and neyther doe I deuye nor deliuer them vnto you but I forbid by the Apostolyke authoritie all the Bishoppes that none of them presume to take the same away and delyuer them to you or facte you for kyng As for your selfe if you dare you maye vsurpe that whyche I haue committed vnto God and hys table But whether afterwardes the Kyng by one meane or other caused the Archebyshoppe to crowne hym Kyng or that he was sacred of some other he was admitted for kyng of al the Englishe people beginning hys reygne in the yeare of our Lorde a thousande thirtie and sixe 1036. in the fouretenth yeare of the Emperour Concade the seconde in the sixte yeare of Henrye the firste kyng of Fraunce and aboute the seuen and twentie yere of Malcolme the second king of Scotlande Thus Harold for his grear swyftnesse Harold vvhy he is surnamed Harefoote was surnamed Harefoot of whom little is written touchyng hys doyngs sauyng that he is noted to haue ben an oppressour of his people and spotted wyth manye notable vices It was spoken of dyuers in those dayes Harolde euill spoken of that thys Harrolde was not the sonne of Cnute but of a shoemaker and y t his supposed mother Elgiua king Cnutes concubine Ran. Higd ex Marione to bring the king further in loue with hir fayned that she was with chyld and about the time that she shuld be brought to bed as she made hir accompt caused the sayd Shoemakers son to be secretly brought into hir chamber and then vntruly caused it to be reported that she was deliuered and the chylde so reputed to bee the kings sonne Mat. VVest Immediatly vpon aduertisement had of Cnutes death Alfred the sonne of king Egelred with fifty saile landed at Sandwich meaning to chalenge the crowne to obteyn it by lawful claym with quietnes if he might if not then to vse force by ayde of his frends and to assay that way forth to winne it if he mighte not otherwyse obteyne it From Sandwiche he came to Canterbury and shortly after Earle Goodwyn feygnyng to receyue hym as a friend came to meet hym and at Gilford in the night season appoinied a number of armed men to fall vpon the Normans as they were a sleepe and so tooke them together with Alvred slewe the Normans by the poll in suche wise that .ix. were slaine and the .x. reserued But yet when those that were reserued seemed to him a greater number than he wished to escape he fell to and againe tithed them as before Alvred had his eyes put out and was conueyed to the I le of Elye where shortely after he died Ra. Higd. How Alvred should clayme the crowne to himselfe I see not for verily I can not be perswaded that he was elder brother although diuers authors haue so written sith that Gemeticensis and the authour of the booke called Encomium Emma plainly affirme that Edward was the elder but it might bee that Alvred beeing a man of a stouter stomacke than his brother Edward made this attempt eyther for himself or in the behalfe of his brother Edward being as then absent See M. Foxe Acts Mon. Eag 11◅ Si. Dunelm and gone into Hungarie as some write but other saye that as well Edwarde as Alvred came ouer at this tyme with a number of
suche wyse that neyther part might receyue any rebelles to the other by meanes wherof Gilcrist that before was fled into England was constreyned to returne into Scotland The miserable state of Gilcrist disguysed in poore weede with two of his sonnes there passed foorth his lyfe a long tyme in great myserie amongst the woodes and in out places vnknowne to any man what he was by reason of his poore and simple habite Somewhat before the aboue remeÌ„bred mariage The castell of Edenburgh restored Henry king of Englande at the motion of Hugh bishoppe of Durham rendred vp the Castell of Edenburghe into kyng William his handes About this tyme the Souldane named Saladine prospered hugely against the Christians in the holy lande Saladine the Souldane making suche cruell slaughter of them that to heare thereof all christian heartes were moued to pitifull commiseration and dolorous teares in so muche that Henrye kyng of Englande vowed to goe thyther wyth an armie to relieue the common necessitie of the christian publique weale and hadde gone in deede King Henries purpose to go into the holye land againste the Sarasins â–ª hindered by rebellion of his sonne if hee had not bene hyndered by the conspiracie of his sonne whome lately before he had caused to bee crowned kyng that wente aboute to vsurpe the sole administration to hymselfe nowe in his fathers lyfe tyme. Aboute the same tyme king William wente with an armie into Ros MakulÈen and Makbein capitaines of pyrates agaynste MakulÈen and Makbein two Capitaynes of the western Iles whiche vsed vppon occasion to passe ouer into Ros Cathnes and Murrayland spoyling and wasting those countreyes and when they hearde of any power comming agaynste them they woulde streyghte returne to their shippes and repasse againe to the Iles. But at this tyme the king had sente forth a Nauie to brenne all those vesselles wherein robbers hadde passed ouer and had left at anket by reason wherof when they were enclosed in on euery side by the king and taken prisoners they after suffered death on the wheele Death on the wheele according to the maner of the ciuill lawe Abirbrothok is buyldded The king in his returne from this iourneye came by the abbey of Abirbrothok to â—…ewe the worke of that house how it went forward commanding them that wer ouerseers masters of y e woorks to spare for no costes but to bring it vp to perfection and that with most magnificence After his departure froÌ„ theÌ„ce he tooke the way toward Bertha Gilcrist deluing cloddes by adueÌ„ture espied where Gilcrist was deluing vp turfes togither with his .ij. sons though he knew not what they were yet he mufed to see two such goodly yong men as by resemblance they appeared to be to be thus occupied in suche toyling and base labour IncontineÌ„tly herewith Gilcrist with his bald head came afore hym and falling downe on his knees at the kings feete Gilcrist asketh pardon of the king iâ—… vnknown habite sayde If there be anye mercie in thee most ruthful prince for them that are brought through their offences into extreme miserie hauing suffred condigne punishment for the same I beseeche thee for the loue that Christ had to all sinfull people not sparing to shead his most precious bloud for their redemptioÌ„ to haue some pitie and compassion on me and these my poore and miserable sonnes which with me haue suffred muche grief and penurie not hauing deserued the same by any crime by them coÌ„mitted At the last when king William had enquired of him what he was Gilcrist declareth what he is and how it chaunced he fell into such kind of miserie the teares came so faste trickling downe froÌ„ his eyes that of a long space he was not able to declare his owne name At length being come to himself he said I am Gilcrist noble prince y e most sorowfull creature on earth which alas put my hands in thy bloud and was therfore dishinherited of all my lands and banished with these my two sons out of thy realme whervpon we remained in England for a time till through proclamation made against outlawes I was constrained to come hyther againe with my said sonnes where we haue liued by rootes all the sommer season and nowe in the winter are glad to get our liuing with trauayle of hand thus in digging deluing of clods therfore if any ruthe or pitie haue place in thy hearte or that thy indignation be qualifyed haue mercy on our sorowful estate remit the offence wherby thou mayst not only purchase greate honour and fame by example of pitie beeing highly renoumed for that vertue amongst al nations but also winne great merite afore God for shewing thy selfe the folower of Christe the giuer of all mercie grace and peace The king moued by these wordes and remeÌ„bring the good seruice whiche Gilcriste had employde so often tymes afore in defence of the realme The king taketh Gilcrist to his fauoure and restoreth vnto him his landes and agayn pitying his case to consyder from what degree of honour he was fallen into the deepest bottome of extreme miserie hee tooke him wholly to his fauour and not only forgaue him his former offences but also restored vnto him and to his sonnes al suche landes as sometymes appertained vnto them excepte so muche as the king had alreadie giuen vnto the Abbey of Abirbrothok Gilcrist euer after perseuered in due obedience to his prince and for so much as his eldest sonne deceassed before him without heires and that his yonger sonne by reason of some impedimente which he had was vnmete for mariage Gilcrists gift vnto the house of Abirbrothoke he gaue the most part of his lands after his owne deceasse vnto the sayd house of Abirbrothok His yonger sonne also no lesse wel affectionated towardes the same house gaue the resydue of his landes therevnto The father and bothe his sonnes are buryed before the Aulter of Saincte Catherine within the Church of this abbey as the superscription of their tombes sheweth Though kyng Willyam was earnestly occupied in the aduauncing forwarde of the buylding of Abirbrothok yet did he not forget hys duetie in the administration of his lawes but diligently caused iustice to be executed to the punishing of the wicked the rewarding of them that well deserued He made also sundry newe lawes for the restraining of theeues and oppressours of the people so rigorous Lawes deuised by king William against theeues that they myght bee in feare to heare him named Furthermore where as the Church of Scotlande was subiecte to the church of Yorke he obtained of Pope Clement the third of that name letters of exemption for his Clergie wherby the Churche of Scotlande within the which were conteyned the Bishoppes seas of Saincte Andros Glasgo Dunkelde Dublayne Breghne Abirden Murray Ros and Cathnes was declared exempte from all other forrayne iurisdiction except onely from that of the sea
to lay siege to the Castell of Dublin he would enter in league with them and would vndertake to backe them in such fauorable wise as the stoutest Champion in his army shoulde not be so hardy as to offer the basest in their Citie so much as a fillip The Citizens considering that the Towne by reason of the sicknesse was weakened and by this late ouerthrowe greately discouraged were forced to make a vertue of necessitie by lighting a candle before the Deuill til tyme the Kyng hys pleasure were knowen to whome wyth letters they posted one of their Aldermen named Francis Herbert Francis Herbert sent into England Eustace of Balicutlan whome shortly after y e King for his seruice dubbed knight enfeoffing him with parte of Christopher Eustace of Balintlan his landes who had vnaduisedly a foote in this Rebellion But before y e Citizens would returne aunswere to Thomas as touching this message they secretly aduertised maister Iohan White Connestable of the Castell of this vnlawfull demaunde The Connestable weighing the securitie of the Citie and little regarding the force of the enimie agreed willingly thereto so that he might be sufficiently stored with men and vittayles The Archbyshop of Dublin meaneth to sayle into England Iohan Alen Archbyshop of Dublin fearyng that all would haue gone to wracke in Ireland being then in the Castell brake his minde touching hys sayling into Englande to one of hys seruauntes named Bartholmewe Fitz Giralde Bartholmew Fitz Girald whome notwithstanding hee were a Giraldine hee helde for hys trustiest and inwardest counsaylour Bartholmew vndertaking to be the Archbyshop his Pilot vntill he were past the barre encouraged his maister to embarke himselfe harde by the Dames gate And as they were hulling in the Channell that euening they were not ware vntill the Barke strake on the sands neere Clontarfe The Archbyshop with his man stale secretely to Tartayne there meaning to lurke vntyll the wind hadde serued to sayle into Englande where hee scantly sixe houres soiourned when Thomas Fitz Girald knew of his arriuall and accompanyed with Iames Delahide sir Iohan Fitz Giralde Oliuer Fitz Giralde his Vncles timely in the morning being the .28 of Iuly he posted to Tartayne 1534 beset the house commaunded Iohan Teling Teling Waffer and Nicholas Waffer to apprehend the Archbishoppe whome they halled out of his bedde brought him naked in his shirt barefooted and bare headed to their Captayne whome when the Archbyshop espyed incontineÌ„tly he kneeled and with a pitiful countenaÌ„ce and lamentable voice he besought him for y e loue of God not to remember former iniuries but to weigh his present calamitie and what malice so euer he bare his person yet to respect his calling and vocation in that his enimie was a Christian and hee among Christians an Archbishop As he spake thus bequeathing his soule to God his body to the enimies mercy Thomas being striken with some compassion and withall inflamed with desire of reuenge turned hys Horse aside saying in Irish Bi r wem è boddeagh which is as muche in Englishe as awaye with the Churle or take the Churle from mee whyche doubtles he spake as after he declared meaning the Archbishop should bee deteyned as prisoner But y e caitiffes that were present rather of malice than of ignorance miscoÌ„struing his words murthered y e Archbishop without further delay Alen Archbyshop oâ—… Dublin murthered at Tartayne brayned and hackt hym in gobbets hys bloud with Abell crying to God for reuenge whiche after befell to all such as were principals to this horrible murther The place is euer since hedged and embayed on euery side ouergrowen and vnfrequented for detestation of the fact This Alen as before is declared was in seruice with Cardinall Wolsey of deepe iudgement in the lawe Canon the onely match of Stephan Gardiner an other of Wolseys Chaplaynes for auoiding of which emulation he was preferred in IrelaÌ„d rough and rigorous in iustice deadly behated of y e Giraldins for his maisters sake and his owne as he that crossed them diuers times and muche bridled both father and sonne in their gouernements not vnlike to haue promoted their accusations and to haue bin a forger of the letter before mentioned whiche turned to his finall destruction The Rebelles hauing in this execrable wise embrued their handes in the Archbishoppe hys bloud they rode to Houth The Lord of Houth taken prisoner tooke Sir Christofer Lord of Houth prisoner and vpon their returne from thence they apprehended Maister Luttrel Iustice Luttrel taken chiefe Iustice of the common place conueying him with them as their prisoner The Dublinians during this space hauing respite to pause sent into the Castell by nyghte sufficient store of victuals at which time Iohan Fitz Simons Iohan Fitz Simons one of theyr Aldermen sente to Maister Cunstable twenty tunne of wine four and twenty tunne of beere two thousande drye ling sixteene hoggesheads of poudred beefe and twenty chambers with an iron chayne for the drawbridge of the Castell y t was newly forged in his owne house for y e auoiding of all suspitioÌ„ The Castell of Dublin beâ—…eged The Castell beeyng wyth men munition and vittayles abundantly furnished aunswere was returned to Thomas Fitz Girald purporting a consent for y e receyuing of his Souldiers which graunted Field Waffer Teling Roukes he sent thither Iames Field of Luske Nicholas Waffer Iohan Teling Edward Roukes who was likewise a Pirat scouring the coast and greatly annoying all passengers Broade and Pursel with an huÌ„dred souldiers attendant on theÌ„ as on their Captaynes These valiant ruttrekinnes planted neere Preston his Innes right ouer againste the Castell gate two or three Falcons hauyng with suche strong rampiers entrenched their company as they little weighed the shot of the Castell and to withdrawe the Connestable from discharging y e ordinance they threatned to take the youth of y e Citie and place them on the toppe of theyr treÌ„ches for maister Constable to shoote at as at a marke he would be loath to â—â—tte The English pale in this wise weakened the Citizens appeased and the Castell besieged Thomas Fitz Girald and his confederates were resolued to trie if the Lord Butler would stand to his doughty letter and sith he woulde not by faire meanes be allured he should be maugre his head by foule meanes compelled to assist them in this their generall attempt During the tyme that Thomas with his army was ransacking the Earle of Ossory hys lands Frances Herbert returneth from England Francis Herbert returned from EnglaÌ„d to Dublin with the Kyng and Counsells letters to Maister Shillingforth then Maior Shillingforth and his breethren with letters likewise to maister White the Constable to withstande as theyr duetie of allegiance bound them the trayterous practises of Thomas and hys complices that with al speede they should be succoured vpon the sight of these letters Thomas Fitz Simons M. Thomas Fitz Simons
was espyed a farre off bearyng full sayle towardes the coast of Irelande hee was soone entreated hauyng so manye irons in the fyre to take egges for hys money and wythall hauyng no forrayne succoure eyther from Paulus tertius or Charles the fyft whyche dayly hee expected hee was sore quayled beeyng of hymselfe though strong in number of Souldyers yet vnfurnished of sufficiente munition and artillerie to stande and wythstande the Kyng hys army in a pitcht fielde or a mayne battaile Vppon thys and other considerations to make as fayre weather as hee coulde hee sente Iames Delahyde Lime of the knocke Delahide Lime Bath Trauerse field William Bath of Dollardestowne Doctor Trauerse Thomas Fielde of Paynestowne as messengers to the Citizens to treate with them of a truce who beeyng let in at the newe gate repayred to William Kelly his house where maister Maior and hys breethren were assembled The Articles propounded by them to the Citizens were these The Articles propounded to the Citizens In primis that Thomas Fitz Girald hys men who were deteyned in prison should be redeliuered 2 Item that the Citizens shoulde incontinently deliuer him at one payment a thousande poundes in money 3 Item that they shoulde delyuer him fyue hundred pounds in wares 4 Item to furnish him with munition and artillery 5 Item to addresse their fauorable letters to the King for their Captaine his pardon and all his confederates The Citizens aunswer these articles The Maior and Aldermen hauing ripely debated the tenour of these Articles agreed that maister Fitz Simons their Recorder should answere to the firste that they would not sticke to set his seruaunts at libertie so he woulde redeliuer them the youth of the Citie which was nothing else in effect but tit for tat As for the seconde and thirde demaunde they were so greatly by his warres empouerished as they myght hardly spare money or wares and as touching implementes for warre they were neuer such fond niddicockes as to offer any mā a rodde to beate their owne tayles or to betake their mastiues to the custodie of the Woolues maruelling much that their Captayne woulde so farre ouershoote himselfe as to bee taken with such apparant repugnancie For if hee intended to submitte himselfe to the King his mercy and to make them humble meanes to his highnesse for the obteining of his pardon he ought rather to make sute for some good vellam parchmente for the ingrossing thereof than for munitiō and artillerie to withstande his Prince wherefore that three vnlawfull demaundes reiected they would willingly condiscend to the first and last as well requesting hym to deliuer them the youth of the Citie as to submitte himselfe and his company to the King his mercy promising not only with their fauourable letters but also with their personall presences to further as far as in them lay hys humble sure to the King and Counsell William Bath As they parled thus too and fro William Bath of Dollardestowne a Student of the cōmon lawes spake My maisters what needeth all thys long circumstance lette vs all drynke of one cuppe whiche wordes were shortly after vpon Skeffington his arriuall so crookedly glozed as by drinking of a soure cuppe hee lost the best ioynte of hys body For albeit vpon his tryall hee construed his wordes to importe an vniforme consente towards the obteyning of Fitz Giralde hys pardon yet all this coulde not couloure hys matter in suche wise but that hee and Eustace of Balicutlan Eustace of Balicutlan wer executed at the Castell of Dublin The messengers knowing their Captaine to bee at a lowe ebbe were agreed to take the offers of the first and last conditions Hostages taken and that to the accomplishing of these Articles hostages shoulde bee gyuen of eyther parte The messengers deliuered to the Citizens Doctor Trauerse and others Doctor Trauerse Talbot Rochforde Rery the Citizens deliuered them Richard Talbot Aldreman Rochford and Rery These were committed to the custody of Dauid Sutton of Rabride Dauid Sutton who redeliuered thē to the Citizens immediately after vpon the certayne rumour of Skeffington his repaire Thomas growen to thys poynte with the Dublinians raysed his siege caused his artillerie to be cōueyd to Howeh matching after with his army to the ende he might well as bulche the English Shippes if they durst auerre the coast as to bicket with the Souldiers vpon their arriuall But before he toke his iourney to Howeth he rode to Maynoth to see that the Castell shuld be of all sides fortifyed where being done to vnderstand that a companye of white coses The white coates land at Dublin with redde crosses landed at Dublin secretely in the dead of the night and also that another band ariued at Howeth and were ready to marche towardes Dublin hee posted incontinently wyth two hundred Horsemen towardes the water syde encountred neere Clontarfe the Hamertons two valiant and couragious Gentlemen The Hamertones slayne hauing in theyr company fourescore Souldyers where they foughte so valiantly for theyr liues as so fewe footemen coulde haue done againste so greate a troupe of Horsemen for they did not onely mangle and backe dyuers of the Rebelles Thomas Fitz Girald wounded Moosgraue but also one of the Hamertones woūded Thomas Fitz Girald in the forehead Some reporte that one of the Moosgraues who was of kinne to Fitz Giralde was slayne in this conflict whose deathe hee is said to haue taken greately to hearte The Rebelles flesht with the slaughter of the Englishe hyed with al speede so Howeth shotte at the Shyppes that rode at anchor caused them to flie from thēce and to make towardes Skerrish where landed both the Eglebees Eglebees Dakers and the Dakers with theyr horsemen Roukes Fitz Girald his Pirat was sent to scoure the coast who tooke an Englishe barke laden with very faire geldings English geldings taken and sente them to hys Captayne After that Thomas hadde returned with this booty and the spoyle of suche as were slayne to Maynoth Sir William Brereton Knyghte Sir William Brereton Iohn Brereton with hys sonne Iohn Brereton was enshoared at Howeth with two hundred and fiftie Souldyers very well appoynted Salisbury and maister Salisbury with two hundred archers Lastly landed at the slippe neere the bridge of Dublin Sir William Skeffington knight Sir William Skeffington Lord Deputy landeth Lorde Deputie whome the Irishe call the Gunner bycause hee was preferred from that office of the King hys maister Gunner to gouerne them and that they can euill brooke to bee ruled of anye that is but meanely borne The Maior and Aldermea receyued the gouernor wyth shot great solemnity who yeelding them heartye thankes for theyr true and loyall seruice Letters of dunkes from the King to the Dubliniās The Lord of Trimlestowne surrendreth the sworde deliuered them the King Counsell his letters purporting the same effect in writing that he before exprest 〈◊〉 words
he would not agree to any longer truce for that when diuers times at the Frenchmens sute he had consented to haue truce by mediation of two Cardinals sent to hym about the same matter his aduersaries in y e meane time whilest suche truces endured haue done much harme and damage by subtill practises to persons and places beyond the sea that were vnder his rule and gouernemente yet he saide hee would deliberate heereof with his counsell and after intimate his pleasure to the Pope and to them of Fraunce by messengers which he woulde sende ouer for that purpose and so these Ambassadors within foure dayes after their commyng were thus dispatched with aunswere Herewith in this Parliamente it was ordeyned that the Prince of Wales beeing as then about foure and twentie yeares of age shoulde passe ouer into Gascoigne and haue with him a thousande men of armes and two thousande archers with a great number of Welchmen Aboute the same time R. Auesb A nauie prepared the K. caused 40. ships to be prouided rigged and made ready at Rutherhive furnished with vittailes for one quarter of a yere and euery of y e sayd ships had principall streamers of the Duke of Lācasters armes who was appoynted with a greate power of chosen men of armes and archers to passe to the Sea w t the same Shippes but fewe or none of his company knewe whither horses they hadde none The Duke of Lancaster He had with him two of the Kings sonnes Lionell of Andwerpe and Iohn of Gant the elder of thē being about 16. yeares of age Also there wente with him the Earles of Northampton March Stafford beside many lords Barōs knightes The 10. of Iuly he made sayle to Greenewich there and at Sandwich he stayed till y e Assumption of our Lady y e winde for y e most parte continuing al that while at West and South contrary to his iourney as it mighte appeare At length with muche difficultie he came to Winchelsee and after to the wight It was thought that the Dukes purpose was to passe into Normandy to ioine with y e K. of Nauarre who was at variance with the frenche K. But after it was knowen by espials that they were made friendes the Duke of Lancaster doubting crooked measures hauing with him no horsemen returned home without further attempt Record Tur. On S. Kenelmes day beeing friday and the 17. of Iuly master Humfrey Cherleton professor of Diuinitie and Iohn Carleton y e yonger doctor of the lawes on the behalfe of the Vniuersitie of Oxford and Iohn Saint Frideswide Maior Iohn Bedeford and Iohn Norton burgesses of the sayde towne of Oxforde on the behalfe of the communaltie of the same towne came before the Kinges counsell at Westminster in the counsell chamber there neere to the Eschecker where the allegations on both parties being hearde and vppon request made that it might please his maiesties counsell according to the submissions by bothe parties made vnto the King and to hys counsell to take order in the matter in controuersie betwixt them concerning the late tumulte and businesse whiche hadde chanced in the sayde towne by the disorder of the communaltie of the same in breaking downe and brenning vppe of houses in taking and bearing away the bookes and other goodes of the saide masters and Schollers and in committing other transgressions the counsell hauing consideration thereof to aduoyd the decaye that mighte haue ensued to the sayde towne The ende and awarde made of the quarrell betwixt the Vniuersitie and townesmen of Oxforde made thys ende betwixte them that the communaltie of the sayde Towne Iohn Bereforde beeing in the Kinges prison and Roberte Lardiner only excepted should be bound to pay vnto the said masters and Scholers dampnified in the sayde tumulte and businesse for amendes and reformation of iniuries and losses susteyned death and Maheme excepted two hundred and fiftie poundes beside the goodes taken and borne away to bee restored againe and this money to bee payde to the sayde Chancellor masters and Scholers on that side y e monday next before the feast of Saint Iames or else sufficiente sureties put in for the paymēt thereof at certain tearmes as the parties shoulde agree vpon and in respecte thereof the said Iohn Bedeford and Iohn Norton shall bee releassed out of prison of the Marshalsea at the baile of the said Maior and of Roberte de Menkes and Iohn Dimmoks till the next sessions of gaole deliuerie with condition that the said summes of money be paide or suretie putte in for the paymente thereof as before is said or else the bodies of the said Iohn Bedeford and Iohn de Norton shall bee returned to the sayd prison within three dayes after the feast of Peter ad Vincula there to remayne in manner as before they did It was also ordeyned by the counsel with the assent of the said Humfrey and Iohn Carleton that all and euery manner of persons of the sayde Towne of Oxforde and the Suburbes of the same indited and arreigned of the felonies and transgressions before mentioned that shoulde yeelde themselues to the Kings prison to be◅ed by lawe and also all other that were at t◅ present in prison whiche the sayd Humfrey a◅ Iohn de Carleton should name Iohn de Be◅ford and Robert Lardiner excepted mighte bee let to baile vppon sufficient sureties that shoulde vndertake for them bodyes for bodies to appeare at the next sessions of gaole deliuerie there to bee tried according to the order of lawe And further it was ordred that all such goodes and cattels as were taken and carried away frō the saide masters and Schollers in the sayde tumulte and businesse by the menne of the sayde Towne and suburbes in whose handes and in what places soeuer within the saide Towne and suburbes by inquisitions informations or other meanes they shoulde or mighte be found should bee deliuered vnto the sayde Chauncellor and procurators of the sayde Vniuersitie to bee by them restored vnto those persons to whome they belonged This was the effect of the order taken at that day and place before the reuerende fathers Iohn Archbyshoppe of Yorke primate and Chancellor of Englande William Byshoppe of Winchester Lorde Treasorer Thomas de Brembre Lorde keeper of the priuie seale and Dauid de Wollore master of the rolles Henry de Iug◅by Clearke and other of the Kings counsell then there presente The Prince of Wales as yee haue hearde Tho. VV◅ beeing appoynted to passe ouer into Gascoigne sette forwarde from London the last daye of Iune The Prince Wales g◅◅er i◅ Gascoigne and comming to Plimmouth where hys nauie was appoynted to be made ready he stayed there for want of conuenient winde and weather a long time after Finally hauing with him the Erles of Warwike Suffolke Salisbury and Oxforde also the Lord Iohn Chandos Sir Robert Knolles sir Franke de Halle the L. Iames Audeley with diuers other of the nobilitie and of men
Sir Iohn Chandos if by the false coâ—…ance of the said Katrington it had not hiâ—… maâ—… away and alienated into the enimies hands hee offered therefore to trie the quarrell by 〈◊〉 against the saide Katrington wherevpon was the same Katrington apprehended and 〈…〉 prison but shortly after set at libertie againe Whilest the Duke of Lancaster during the time that his father King Edward lay in hys last sicknesse did in al things what liked 〈◊〉 and so at the contemplation of the Lord Latimer as was thought hee releassed Katrington for the time so that Sir Iohn Annesley could not come to the effect of his sute in all the meane time 〈◊〉 nowe Such as feared to be charged with the like offences stayed the matter till at length by the opinion of true and auntiente Knightes â—…t was defyned Triall by 〈…〉 in 〈◊〉 case laâ—… that for such a foraine controuersie that hadde not risen within the limmitâ—… 〈◊〉 the Realme but touched possession of thynges on the further side the sea it was lawfull to haue it tryed by battayle if the cause were firste notified to the Connestable and Marshall of the realme and that the combate was accepted by the parties Herevpon was the day and place appoynted and all things prouided readie with lystes rayled and made so substantially as if the same shoulde haue endured for euer The concourse of people that came to LoÌ„don to see this tried was thought to exceede that of the kings coronation so desyrous men were to beholde a sight so straunge and vnaccustomed The King and his Nobles and all the people beeing come togyther in the morning of the day appoynted to the place where the lystes were set vp The order of the Combate the knight beeing armed and mounted on a fayre courser seemely trapped entereth first as appellant staying till his aduersarie the defendant should come And shortly after was the Esquier called to defende his cause in this fourme Thomas Katrington defendant come and appeare to saue the action for whiche sir Iohn Annesley â–ª Knight and appellant hath publiquely by wryting appelled thee He being thus called thriseâ—…y an Herault at armes at the thirde call hee commeth armed likewise and ryding on a Courser trapped with Trappes embrodered with his armes At his approching to the lystes he alyght from his horse least according to the lawe of armes the Conestable shoulde haue chalenged the horse if he had entered within the lystes but his shifting nothing auayled him for the horse after hys maister was alyght beside him ranne vp and downe by the rayles The Erle of Buckingham day meth the horse nowe thrusting his heade ouer and nowe both heade and breast to that the Earle of Buckingham bycause he was highe Conestable of Englande claymed the Horse afterwardes swearing that hee woulde haue so much of hym as had appeared ouer the rayâ—…s and so the horse was adiudged vnto him But now to the matter of the combate for this chalenge of the Horse was made after as soone as the Esquier was come wythin the lysts the Indenture was brought forth by the Marshall and Conestable which had â—…eene made and sealed before them with consent of the partyes in which were conteyned the Articles exhibited by the knight agaynst the Esquier and there the same was read afore all the assemble The Esquier whose conscience was thought not to be cleare but rather guiltie went about to make exceptions that his cause by some meanes might haue seemed the soundâ—…e But the Duke of Lancaster hearing him so staye at the matâ—…er â—…ware that except according to the conditions of the combate and the lawe of armes hee woulde admit all things in the Indentures comprysed that were not made without his owne consent he shoulde as guiltie of the treason forthwith be had forth to execution The Duke with those wordes wanne greate commendation and auoyded no small suspition that had beene conceyued of him as partiall in the Esquires cause The Esquier hearing this sayd that he durst fight with the knight not onely in those poyntes but in all other in the worlde what soeuer the same might be For he trusted more to his strength of bodie and fauour of his friendes than in the cause whiche he had taken vpon hym to defende Hee was in deede a mightie man of stature where the knight among those that were of a meane stature was one of the least Friendes to the Esquier in whom he had great affyance to be borne out through their assystance were the Lordes Latimer and Basset wyth other Before they entred battaile they tooke an othe as well the knight as the Esquier that the cause in which they were to fight was true and that they delt with no witche craft nor arte Magicke whereby they â—…ughe obteyne the victorie of their aduersarie for had about the any herb or stone or other kind of experiment with which Magicians vse to triumph ouer theyr enimies This othe receyued of eyther of them and there with haâ—…g made their prayers deuoutly they begin the battayle first with speares after with swordes and lastly with daggers They â—…ght long 〈…〉 the knight had bereft the esquier of all his weapons The Esquire is ouerthrowne 〈…〉 length 〈◊〉 Esquier 〈…〉 ouerthrowne by the knight but as the knight woulde haue fallen vppon the Esquier through 〈…〉 downe by his helmet his sighte was Hâ—…d so that thinking to fall vpon the Esquires hee fell downe sideâ—…ing himselfe not comming more to the Esquier whâ—…â—…yâ—…g what had happened although he 〈…〉 come with long fighting made to the knight and threw himselfe vpon him so that many thought the knight shoulde haue beene ouercome other doubted not but that the knight woulde recouer his feete againe and get the victorie of his aduersarie The king in the meane tyme caused it to bee proclaymed that they shoulde stay and that the knight shoulde be raysed vp from the ground and so ment to take vp the matter betwixt them To be short such were sent as should take vp the Esquier but comming to the knight hee besought them that it might please the king to permit them to lie still for he thanked God hee was well and mistrusted not to obteyne the victorie if the Esquier might be layde vpon him in maner as he was earst Finally when it woulde not bee so graunted hee was contented to be raysed vp and was no sooner set on his feete but hee cheerefully went to the King without any mans helpe where the Esquier coulde neyther stand nor go without the helpe of two men to holde him vp and therefore was set in his Chaire to take his ease to see if hee might recouer his strength The knight at his comming before the king besought him and his nobles to graunt him so much that hee might bee eftsoones layde on the ground as before and the Esquier to be layd aloft vpoÌ„ him for the knight perceyued that the esquire through excessiue
done they set fire in the castell and departed to Roan with their bootie and prisoners Thus maye ye see that in warre nothyng is certain and victorie is euer doubtfull whiche sometyme smyled on the Englishe parte and sometime on the Frenche side according to hir variable nature But nowe to speake somwhat of the doings in England in the meane tyme. Whylest the men of war were thus occupied in martiall feates and dayly â—…irmishes within the Realme of Fraunce ye shall vnderstande that after the Cardinall of Winchester and the Duke of Gloucester were to the outward apparaunce of the worlde reconciled eyther to other the Cardinall and the Archebyshop of Yorke ceassed not to do many things without the consent of the King or of the Duke A nevv breach â—…etvveene the Duke of Glouâ—…ster and the â—…ishoppe of â—…Vinchester being during the minoritie of the K. gouernour and protector of the Realme wherfore the sayde Duke lyke a true hearted Prince was nothyng pleased and therevppon in wrytyng declared to the Kyng wherein the Cardinall and the Archebyshoppe hadde offended both his Maiestie and the lawes of the realme This complaynt of the Duke of Gloucester was conteyned in foure and twentie articles as in the Chronicle of Maister Hall ye may reade at full the whyche for breefenesse I here omitte But the chefest point rested in that it was apparant howe the Cardinall hadde from tyme to tyme through the ambitious desyre to surmount all others in high degrees of honour and dignitie sought to eâ—…che himselfe to the great apparant hynderaunce of the king as in defraudyng hym not onely of his treasure but also in doing and practising thyngs greatly preiudiciall to his affaires in Fraunce and namely by settyng at libertie the Kyng of Scottes vpon so easy conditions as the Kynges Maiestie greately loste thereby When the Kyng hadde hearde the accusations thus layde by the Duke of Gloucester agaynste the Cardinall he commytted the examination thereof to his Counsell whereof the more parte were spirituall persons so that what for feare and what for fauoure the matter was winked at and nothyng sayde to it onely faire countenance was made to the Duke as though â—…o malice hadde beene conceyued agaynst hym but venym wyll breake out and inwarde grudge wyll soone appeare whiche was thys yeare to all men apparant for dyuâ—…rs secrete attemptes were aduaunced forwarde thys season agaynst thys noble man Humfrey Duke of Gloucester a farre off whiche in conclusyon came so neere that they bereâ—…te hym bothe of lyfe and lande as shall hereafter more playnly appeare For fyrst this yeare Dame Eleanore Cobham wyfe to the sayde Duke was accused of treason for that shee by sorcerie and enchauntement entended to destroy the kyng to the intent to aduaunce hir husbande to the Crowne Vppon thys shee was examined in Sayncte Stephens Chappell before the Byshop of Canterbury and there by examination conuicte and iudged to doe open penaunce in three open places wythin the Citie of London and after that adiudged to perpetual imprisonmeÌ„t in the ysle of Man vnder y e keping of sir Io. Stanley knight At the same season were arrested arrayned and adiudged gyltie as ayders to the Duchesse Thomas Southwell Prieste and Chanon of Saynte Stephens at Westminster Iohn Hun priest â—…s Iohn 〈◊〉 Roger Bolyngbrooke a cunning Necromancer as it was said and Margerie Iordayn surnamed the Witche of Eye The matter layde against them was for that they at the requeste of the sayde Duchesse had deuysed an Image of waxe representyng the Kyng whiche by their sorcerie by little and little consumed entendyng thereby in conclusion to waste and destroye the Kyngs persone Margerie Iordayne was brente in Smyshfielde and Roger Bolyngbrooke was drawne to Tyborne and hanged and quartered taking vpon his death that there was neuer any suche thing by them imagined Iohn Hun hadde his pardon and Southwell dyed in the Tower before execution The Duke of Gloucester bare all these thinges paciently and sayd little Edward son to the duke of Yorke was borne this yeare the .xxix. of Aprill at Roan King Edvvard the fourthe borne his father being the Kings lieutenant of Normandie 1442 The Counsell of Englande forgat not the late enterprise of the Frenche king An. reg 21. atchieued in the Duchie of Guyenne and therfore doubting some other the lyke attempte they sente thyther Syr Wyllyam Wooduile wyth eyght hundred menne to fortifye the frontiers and farther set foorth a proclamation that all men which wold transporte anye Corne Cheese or other victuall thyther shoulde pay no maner of custome or tallage whyche licence caused the Countrey of Aquitayne to bee well furnyshed of all thynges necessarye Aboute this season Iohn the valiaunt Lorde Talbot for his approued prowes and tried valiancie shewed in the Frenche warres Iohn Lorde Talbot creâ—… Earle of Shrevvebury was created Earle of Shrewesbury and with a companie of three thousande menne sente agayne into Normandie for the better defence of the same In this yeare dyed in Guyenne the Countesse of Comynges 1443 to whome the French king and also the Earle of Arminacke pretended to be heyre insomuche that the Earle entred into all the landes of the sayde Ladie and bycause hee knewe the Frenche Kyng woulde not take the matter well to haue a Roulande agaynste an Olyuer he sente solemne ambassadours to the king of Englande offeryng him his daughter in mariage wyth promyse to be bounde beside greate summes of money whyche hee woulde giue wyth hir to deliuer into the Kyng of Enlands handes all suche Castelles and Townes as he or his auncesters deteyned from him within any part of the Duchie of Acquitayne eyther by conquest of his progenitors or by gifte or deliuerie of any Frenche king and further to ayde the same Kyng wyth money for the recouerye of other Cityes wythin the same Duchye by the Frenche Kyng or by any other persone from hym vniustly kept and wrongfully withholden Thys offer seemed so profytable and also honorable to King Henry and to the realme that the Ambassadours were well hearde honourably receyued and wyth rewardes sente home into theyr countrey After whome were sente for the conclusion of the marriage into Guyenne sir Edwarde Hull sir Robert Ros and Iohn Graâ—…ton deane of S. Seuerines the whyche as all the Chronographers agree both concluded the marryage and by proxie affyed the yong Ladye The Frenche kyng not a little offended herewyth sent his eldest sonne Lewes the Dolphyn of Vyenne into Rouergue wyth a puissant armye whyche tooke the Earle and hys youngest sonne with both his daughters and by force obteyned the countreyes of Arminack Lovuergne Rouergue and Moulessonoys beside the cities Seuetac Cadeac and chased the bastarde of Arminack out of his countreyes and so by reason hereof the concluded mariage was deferred and that so long that it neuer tooke effect as hereafter it may appeare Thus whylest England was vnquieted and Fraunce by spoyle
perceued his natural strength in such wise to decay that there was liste hope of recouerie in the cuÌ„ning of his phisitioÌ„s whiche hee perceyued only to prolong hys life forâ—… small time wherefore he began to make readye for his passage into an other world not forgetting as after shal appeare to exhorte the nobles of his realme aboue all thinges to an vnitie among themselues hauing as he tooke if made an attonement betwixte the parties that were knowen to be frant friends he coÌ„mended vnto their graue wisedoms the gouernmeÌ„t of his son the prince of his brother the Duke of Yorke during the time of their teÌ„der yeres And thus hauing set things in good stay as might be supposed hee shortely after departed this life at Westminster the .ix. of April in the yere .1483 After he had reigned .xxij. yeres one moneth viij dayes his body was with funerall pompe conueyed to Windsor there buried he left behinde him issue by the Quene his wife ij sons Edward and Richard with .v. daughters Elizabeth that was after Quene maried to Henry the .vij. Cicilie maried to the vicount Welles Briget a Nunne professed in Sion or Dertfort as sir Tho. More hath Anne maried to the L. Thomas Howarde after erle of Surrey and duke of Norffolke Katherin wedded to the L. WilliaÌ„ Courtney son to the earle of Deuonshire beside these he left behinde him likewise a base son named Arthur that was after vicouÌ„t Lisle for the description of his person quallities I will referre you to that whiche sir Tho. More hath written of him in that historie which he wrote and left vnfinished of his son Edward the fift of his brother king Richard the third which we shall god willing hereafter make you partaker of as wee finde the same recorded among his other workes word for word when firste we haue according to our begâ—… morâ—… rehearsed suche writers of our nation as â—…ed in his dayes As first Nicholas Hentâ—… borne an Suffolke a Carmelit Frier in Gippâ—…wich prâ—…uinciall of his order throughe Englande Henry Parker a carmelite Frier of Doucaster preached againste the pride of prelates and for suche doctrine as he set forthe was imprisoned wyth his fellowe Tho. Holden and a certaine blacke Frier also for the like cause Parker was forced to recant .iij. speciall articles as Balenoteth out of Lelande Iohn Harding an esquier borne in the Northe partes wrote a Chronicle in English verse among other speciall points therein touched he gathered all the submissions and homages had and made by the Scottishe kings euen from the dayes of King Athelstons Whereby it euidently may appeare howe the Scottishe Kingdome euen in maner from the firste establishing thereof here in Britaine hath bene apperteining vnto the kings of England and houlden of them as their chiefe and superior Lordes William Ive a doctor of Diuinitie and prehendarie of Sainct Poules in London Thomas Wilton a diuine and Deane of the sayde Churche of Poules in London Iulian Pemes a gentlewoman endued with excellent giftes bothe of body and minde wrote certaine treatises of hauking and hunting delighting greatly hirselfe in those exercises and pastimes she wrote also a booke of the lawe of armes and knowledge apperteyning to Harolds Iohn Stambery borne in the Weaste partes of this Realme a Carmelite Frier and confessor to King Henry the sixte hee was also Maister of Gaton Colledge and after was made Bishop of Bangor and remoued from thence to the See of Hereforde Iohn Slueley an Augustine Frier prouinciall of hys order Iohn Forteskew a Iudge and Chauncellor of England wrote diuers treatises concerning the lawe and pollitike gouernement Rochus a Charterhouse Monke borne in London of honeste parentes and studied in the Vniuersitie of Paris he wrote diuers epigrammes Iohn Phreas borne also in London was fellowe of Bailioll Colledge in Oxforde and after wente into Italy where hee hearde Guarinus that excellent Philosopher read in Ferrara he proued an excellent phisition and a skilfull lawier There was not in Italy whilest hee remained there that passed hym in eloquence and knowledge of bothe the tongues Greeke and Latin â–ª Walter Hunt a Carmelite Frier a greate deuine and for his excellency in lerning sent from the whole body of this realme vnto the generall counsell houlden firste at Ferrara and after at Florence by Pope Eugenius the .iiij. where he disputed among other wyth the Greekes in defence of the other and ceremonies of the latine Churche Thomas Wighenhall a Monke of the order called Premonstratensis in the Abbey of DeraÌ„ in Nortfolke Iohn Gunthorpe went into Italy where he hearde that eloquent learned man Guarinus read in Farrara After his commyng home into England he was Deane of Welles and keeper of the priuy seale Iohn Hamvoys an excellent Musicion and for hys notable cunnyng therein made doctor of Musicke WilliaÌ„ Caxton wrote a Chronicle called Fruâ—…â—…porum an appendix vnto Treuisa beside diuers other bookes translations Iohn Miâ—…ton a carmelite Frier of Bristow and prouintiall of his order through England Irelande and Scotland at lengthe bycause he defended such of his order as preached against endowments of the church with temporall possessions he was brought into trouble committed to prison in castell saint Angelo in Rome where he continued .iij. yeares and at length was deliuered throughe certaine of the Cardinalles that were appointed hys Iudges Dauid Morgan a Welcheman Threasourer of the church of Landaffe wrote of the antiquities of Wales and a discriptioÌ„ of the country Iohn Tiptot a noble man borne a greate trauailer excellently learned and wrote diuers treatises finally lost his head in the yero .1471 in time of the ciuill warre betwixt the houses of Yorke Lancaster Iohn Shirwood bishop of Durham Thomas Kent an excellent philosopher Roberte Huggon borne in Norffolk in a town called Hardingham wrote certayne vayne prophecies Iohn Maxfielde a learned phisition William Greene a carmelite Frier Thomas Norton borne in Bristow an Alcumiste Iohn Meare a Monke of Norwich Richarde Porlande borne in Norffolke a Franciscan Frier and a doctor of diuinitie Thomas Milling a Monke of Westminster a Doctor of diuinitie and preferred to the Bishopricke of Hereforde Skogan a learned Gentleman and student for a time in Oxforde of a pleasaunte witte and bent to mery deuises in respect whereof he was called into the Courte where giuing himselfe to his naturall inclination of mirthe and pleasaunt pastime he plaied many sporting parts althoughe not in suche vnciuill maner as hath bene of hym reported ¶ The historie of king Edward the fifth and king Richard the third vnfinished written by Maister Thomas Moore then one of the vnder Sheriffes of London about the yeare of our lorde .1513 according to a Copie of his owne hande Printed among his other woorkes Edward the .v. KIng Edward of that name the fourth after that hee had liued fiftie and three yeres 1483 seuen monethes and sixe dayes and therof raigned twoo
Richard Fitz Iames. This yeare also the Lorde Cazimire Marques of Brandenburg accompanyed with an Erle a Bishop and a great number of gentlemeÌ„ well apparailed came in ambassade froÌ„ the Emperor Maximilian were triumphantly receiued into LoÌ„don lodged at Crosbies place Theyr Message was for three causes one to comfort the King in hys tyme of heauinesse for the losse of hys wyfe The seconde for the renuing of amitie and the olde league The thirde which was not apparant was to moue the king to marrye the Emperours daughter the Ladie Margaret Duches dowager of Sauoy The two first tooke effect For the King vpon Passion Sunday road to Paules in great triumph the sayd Marques ryding on his left hand And there the Bi. made to the K. an excellent consolatorie oration concerning the death of the Queene And there also the king openly sware to keepe the new renouate league amitie during their two 〈◊〉 But the third request whether theire was on the mans side or the womaÌ„s neuer sâ—…ted to any coÌ„clusion The Ladie Margaret the kings daughter aâ—â—ied as ye haue heard to the king of Scots was appointed to be conueyed into Scotland by the Erle of Surrey and the Erle of NorthuÌ„berland as wardeÌ„ of the Marches was coÌ„maunded to deliuer hir at the confines of both the realmes And so herevpon after hir comming to Berwike she was coÌ„ueâ—…ed to Lamberton kirke in ScotlaÌ„d where the king of Scots with the flower of al the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland was readie to receyue hir to whom the Erle of Northumberland according to his commission deliuered hir The sayd Erle of Northumberland that day what for the ryches of his coat being goldsmithes work garnished with pearle and stone and what for the galiant apparell of his Henâ—…men braue trappers of his horse beside foure C. talmen well horsed and apparalled in his colours was aâ—…ed both of the Scots and English men more like a Prince than a subiect From Lamberton the foresayd Ladie was conueyed to Edenbourgh The mariagâ—… betwene the king of Scoâ—… and Lady margaret king Henry eldest daughter there the day after king Iames the fourth in the presence of all his nobilitie espoused hir feasted the English Lordes and shewed iustes and other pastimes very honorably after the fashion of that couÌ„trey And after all things were finished according to their coÌ„mission the erle of Surrey withal y e english lords ladies returned into their â—…ey In this yere the king kept his high Court of Parliament in the which An. reg â—… diuers acts estemed necessarye for the preseruation of the coÌ„mon wealth were established amongst other it was eâ—… that theeues murderers duely conuicted by the law to die and yet saued by theyr bookes shoulde be committed to the Bishops custodie After this a subsedie was granted both of the temporaltie and spiritualty so that ParliameÌ„t ended But the king now drawing into age and willing to fill his chests with abundance of treasure was not satisfied with this only subsedie but deuised an other meane how to enrich himselfe 1504 as thus He considered that the English man little regarded the keeping of penal lawes and preâ—…ial statutes deuised for the good preseruation of the common welth wherfore he caused inquisition to be made of those that had transgressed any of the same lawes so that there were but few noble meÌ„ marchants farmers husbandmen grosâ—…ts or occupiers that coulde clearely proue themselues faultlesse but had offended in some one or other of the same lawes At the first they that were found guiltie were easily fined But after there were appointed two masters surueyers of his forfeyts the one sir Ri. Empson the other EdmoÌ„d Dudley both lerned in the lawes of the realme who meanyng to satisfie their princes pleasure and to â—…e their commission executed to the vttermoste seâ—…ed litle to respect the perill that might 〈◊〉 â—…sâ—… Wherevpon they hering furnished with a sort of 〈◊〉 commonly called Proâ—…ters â—…ters or as they themselues will be named 〈…〉 troubled many â–ª a man whereby they waâ—… them great hatred and the King by suche rigâ—… 〈…〉 kings last the loue and 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 people before time had bene towardes him so that he for setting thâ—… worke 〈◊〉 they for â—…ng of it in suche extreeme wise â—…an into obloquâ—… the subiectes of this realme The king after he had gotten a greate â—…sse of money 1505 togyther hauing pitie of the people which oppressed with the sharp proceedings of his greedie officers cried dayly to God for veÌ„geance ment to haue depriued them of theyr offices as some write and that suche money as had beene violently â—…acted shoulde haue beene restored and deliuered againe if hee had not beene preuenby death And yet by his last will he commaunded that it should be duly and truly perfourmed but in the meane season manye mens Coffers were eâ—…tied An. reg 21. In this verie season and the yeare of our lord 1506. Elizabeth Queene of Castile dyed without issue male 1506 by reason whereof the inheritaunce of Castile bycause that kingdome is not partible descended to Ladie Iane his eldest daughter by king Ferdinando the which was maryed to Philippe Archeduke of Austriche Wherefore the yeare following about the sixth day of Ianuarie hauing a great nauie prepared he intituled nowe king of Castile sayled out of Flaunders with his wife towardes Spaine but by a mightie tempest of winde and soule 〈…〉 the whole nauy was dispersed and spâ—…nkled 〈…〉 in diuerse places on the coast of Englande the kings shippe with two other Vesselles were 〈◊〉 by tempe â—…on the weâ—… part of the Realme to the Port of Wâ—…mont in Dorâ—…yrâ—… The king 〈…〉 with the toâ—… of the 〈…〉 that 〈…〉 â—…o the minde of his Coâ—…â—…ame a bunde 〈◊〉 refresh himselfe Whoâ—… it was know at that straunge shippes 〈◊〉 arriued in that place Philip Archduke of Austrich landeth in the west partes of Englande 〈◊〉 coâ—… thither a great 〈◊〉 â—…ll of 〈…〉 of the countâ—… 〈…〉 to be enimies But 〈…〉 that the king of Spaâ—… was then 〈…〉 of weather sir Thomas â—…ard â—…ighâ—… 〈◊〉 of the company 〈…〉 with great â—…blenessâ—… vnto him and did what he could to haue him to his houseâ—… being not â—…re off and so to cause him to stay â—…ll such â—…mâ—… king Henrye â—…ight be â—…rytified of his arriuall to whom with 〈…〉 he sent diuerse posts to aduertise him of K. Philipâ—… landing In this meane while came people 〈◊〉 all â—…des vppon and 〈…〉 of the â—…singe Princes comming And â—…g other thâ—… caâ—… sir Iohn Caâ—… with a goodly and of 〈◊〉 Which sir Iohn and sir Thomas Trenth â—…treated the king of Castâ—… 〈◊〉 to depart vntil such time as he had spoâ—… with the king The king of Castile excused him by necessitie of his weightie enterpriâ—… 〈◊〉 when he perceyued that if he would proffer to go â—…bourde to 〈◊〉 shâ—… againe
office Then said the K. Giâ—…e 〈◊〉 y t part of y e field 〈◊〉 what thou wilt The Herauld beginning his tale 〈◊〉 sacred 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the K. shew me the pateÌ„t of the fielde for I hold thy master forfâ—… noble a Prince that he hath not sent thee without the suertie of y e field 〈◊〉 I haue demaunded it and thou knowest y t thy safe conducte commenth no lesse but y t thou shulde to bring it The Herauld answered y t he trusted he had brought y t which might contente his maiestie The K. repâ—… sayde Heraulde giue me the patent of y e field giue it one if it he sufficient I will receiue it after say what thou wilt The herauld said that he had incoÌ„mandemeÌ„t not to deliuer it except he might of clare y t which he had first to say The king saide Thy master can not giue laws to vs in FraÌ„ce To conclude he told the Herald y t he â—…enadueÌ„ture might speake things y t his maister would not anouch and that he had not to deale with him but with his master The Herald then reâ—…uiced y t he might haue licence to depart which the K. granted and withall the K. coÌ„manded y t it might be registred what had passed in thys behalf for at estiâ—…ie that the fault â—…sted not in him in that he receiued out the patent The herauld likewise for his discharge required a copie in writing of that which had passed and the same was graunted Thus for haue I outepassed the coÌ„mon bouÌ„des of my purpose in speking so largely of this matter of combat bicause of the â—…arenesse therof chauncing betwixt two so mighty princes although it came not to the effect of triall And now to returne vnto that which followed farther vpon the defiance denouÌ„ced to the emperor by the two Kings of armes Emperour Câ—…renceaux ye shal â—…erstand that the lords and nobilitie â—…528 The Emperour defied by the kinges of Englande and France to the nuÌ„ber of vij C. in whose profence 〈◊〉 was giuen toke it so offensiuely y e drawing foorth their swords they 〈◊〉 y t the same shuld be reuenged for otherwise they protected that the infamie wold redoune to them that heires for euer Herewith the warre was proclaimed through al Spayn w t baners displayed to which wer painted a red sword with a â—…ning raâ—…sser against y e Frenche K. his partakers but not mentioning the K. of EnglaÌ„d by expresse name but it was recited in the proclamation y t the king of England had meâ—… 〈◊〉 defyed y e Emperor in the French kings quarel Then were y e english merchants in Spayn aâ—…â—…acded Englishe marchants staied in Spayne their goods put in safetie til it might or known how the Emperors subiects wer ordred in Englande Then likewise were all the ships of the Emperors subiects here arrested in sembiable maner all the Englishmen these goods ships were arested by the Lady it gent in 〈◊〉 low countreys The common people in England much lamented that warre shuld arise betwene the emperor the K. of England specially bicause the Emperors dominions had holpen and â—…elieued them w t grain in tyme of their necessitie want But chiefly this matter touched the merchants which haunted the emperors dominions At length yet were those of the low countreys set at libertie their goodes to theÌ„ deliuered in fauor of entercourse of merchandise but forasmuch as y e Spanyards were stil deteined the lady Regent also deteyned the ships goods of the english merchants though the set their persons at libertie By this means the trade of merchandise was in maner forleâ—… here in England The incommoditie rysing of lacke of entercourse for trafficke namely the clotheÌ„s saye on their handes wherby the coÌ„mon welth suffered great decay and great numbers of Spinners carders ruckers and suche other that liued by clothworking remained ydle to their great impouerishment And as this warre was displeasant to the Englishmen so was it as muche or more displeasant to the townes people of the low cuntreis in especial to y e towns of Andwerpe and Barrow where the marts at kept so that at length ther came Ambassadors from the Lady Regent the which associating themselfe with Don Hugo de Mendosa ambassador for the Emperor came to the king to RichmoÌ„t the .29 of March and there moued their suite so effectually that an abstinence of warre was graunted til time that a further coÌ„munication might be had and vpon this point letters wer sent into Spayn Fraunce and Flanders and so this matter coÌ„tinued til answers wer brought from thence again The emperors ambassadors entreated not so earnestly to moue the King to haue peace with their maister but the Frenche ambassadors sollâ—â— the K. as earnestly to enter into the warre against him and surely they had the Cardinal on their side but yet the king wisely considering with order of his counsell what damage shoulde enter therby to 〈◊〉 subiects specially to the merchaunt and the â—…s wold not consent so easily to the purpose of the FrenchmeÌ„ though he had .xx. M. pound sterling out of FraÌ„ce of yerely y e 〈◊〉 to coâ—…untâ—… frende allye to the French K. but he protested 〈◊〉 that he wold see the realme of France defended to his power study no 〈◊〉 to haue a peace concluded whiche mightâ—… aâ—… honorable to the French king as to himselfe The .xxij. of Februarye the king 〈◊〉 at Windsore sir Piers Butler of Ireland erle of Osserey 1519 Creation of the Earle of Osserie Also a Dutche Crayre of Armew chased a French Crayre vp the Thames from Matgate to the Toure wharf Sir Edmunde VValsingham ther as they fought sir Edmund WalsinghaÌ„ lieutenant of y e coure perceiuing them called his men togither entring the ships toke both the captains The kinges counsell toke vp the maner betwixt them An. reg 2â—… far the Flemyng chalenged the Frencheman as a lawfull prise An abstinence of the warre was takeÌ„ in y e beginning of this yere betwixte Flanders the countryes of Picardie on this side the riuer of Some to begin y e first of May to endure til the last of February By meanes of this truce all Englishemen might lawfully passe into the low couÌ„treys but not into Spain whiche sore greued the merchants that haunted those parties It was further agreed that if no generall peace could be had during the time of this truce then all merchants should haue respite .ij. moneths after to passe into their owne countreis w t their wares merchaÌ„dises in safetie The tvveâ—… tickeâ—… In the end of May began in y e citie of LoÌ„don y e disease called y e sweating sicknes which afterwards infected al places of the realm and slew many w tin .v. or .vi. hours after they sickned By reason of this sicknesse the term was adiorned the circuit of
Almayne In the vij yeare of Henrie the seconde of that name king of Fraunce and in the xj of Marie Queene of Scotlande The Duke of Northumberland arrested The xx of Iuly the Duke of Northumberlande being come backe vnto Cambridge beard that the Proclamation of Queene Marie was come thither whereof he being aduertised called for a trumpetter and an Heralt but none could be founde Wherevpon he ryding into the market place with the Maior and the Lorde Marques of Northampton made the Proclamation himselfe and threwe vp his cappe in token of ioy The Lorde Marques after this wente to Queene Marie but the Duke for that he was appoynted generall of the armie in the quarrell of the Ladie Iane of Suffolke was by the Maior of Cambridge and a Sergeaunt at armes arrested of treason and the xxv day of the sayde Moneth he with Frauncis Earle of Huntington Iohn Earle of Warwicke sonne and heire to the sayde Duke and two other of his yonger sonnes the Lorde Ambrose and the Lorde Henrie Dudley Sir Andrewe Dudley Sir Iohn Gates Captaine of the Garde to king Edwarde the sixth sir Henrie Gates brethren Sir Thomas Palmer Knightes and Doctor Sandes were brought to the tower by the earle of Arundell But as they entered within the tower gate the Earle of Arundell discharged the Lord Hastings taking him out of the tower with him The xxvj of Iulye the Lorde Marques of Northampton the Bishop of London the L. Robert Dudley and Sir Robert Corbet were brought from the Queenes Campe vnto the Tower The xxviij of Iuly the Duke of Suffolke was committed to the tower but the xxj of the same Moneth he was set at libertie by the diligent suite of the Ladie Frauncis grace his wife After that Queene Marie was thus with full consent of the Nobles and Commons of the Realme proclaymed Queene shee being then in Norffolke at hir Castell of Framingham Queene Marie commeth to London repayred with all speede to the Citie of London and the thirde day of the sayd moneth of August she came to the sayde citie and so to the tower where the Ladie Iane of Suffolke late afore proclaymed Queene with hir husbande the Lorde Guilforde a little before hir comming were comitted towarde and there remained almost after fiue monethes And by the waye as the Queene thus passed she was ioyfully saluted of all the people without anye misliking sauing that it was much feared of manye that she woulde alter the religion set forth by King Edwarde hir brother whereof then were giuen iust occasions bicause notwithstanding diuers lawes made to the contrarie shee had daylye Masse and Latine seruice sayde before hir in the Tower At hir entrie into the Tower there were presented to hir certaine prisoners Prisoners discharged namely Thomas Duke of Norffolke who in the last yeare of king Henrie the eyght as you haue hearde was supposed to be attainted of treason but in the Parliament holden in this first yeare of Queene Marie the sayde supposed attaindour was by the authoritie and acte of Parliament for good and apparaunt causes alledged in the sayde acte declared to be vtterlye frustrate and voyde Also Edwarde Courtney sonne and heyre of Henrie Marques of Exceter cosin germaine to king Henrie the eyght and Cuthbert Tunstall Bishop of Durham with other persons of great calling but especiallye Stephen Gardiner bishop of Winchester whome she not onely released of imprisonment Stephen Gardiner made L. Chancelor but also immediately aduaunced and preferred to bee Lorde Chauncelor of Englande restoring him also to his former estate and Bishopricke and remoued from the same one Doctor Poynet who a little before was placed therein by the gifte of King Edward the sixth And touching Edwarde Courtney she not aduaunced him to the Earledome of Deuonshire Edward Courtâ—…y created Earle of Deuonshire but also to so muche of his fathers possessions as there remayned in hir hands whereby it was then thought of many that she bare affection to him by way of mariage but it came not so to passe for what cause I am not able to giue any reason but surely the subiectes of Englande were most desirous thereof Vpon the receyuing of this newe Queene all the Bishops which had bene depriued in the time of King Edwarde the sixth hir brother for the cause of religion were nowe againe restored to their Bishoprickes and such other as were placed in King Edwarde his time remoued from their seates and other of contrarie religion placed Amongst whome Edmonde Bonner Doctor of the lawes late afore depriued from the sea of London and committed prisoner to the Marshalsee by order of King Edwards Counsayle was with all fauour restored to his libertie and Bishopricke maister Nicholas Ridley Doctor in Diuinitie late before aduaunced to the same sea by the saide King was hastily displaced and committed prisoner to the tower of London The cause why such extremitie was vsed towardes the sayde Bishop Ridley more than to the rest was for that in the time of Ladie Iane he preached a sermon at Paules crosse by the commaundement of King Edwardes Counsayle wherein he dissuaded the people for sundrie causes from receyuing the Ladie Marie as Queene The xiij of August Doctor Bonner restored nowe to his Bishopricke againe appointed one late a chaplaine of his called Doctor Borne Doctor Borne to preach at Paules crosse who was then promoted to the Queenes seruice and not long afterwarde was made Bishop of Bathe the sayde Doctor taking occasion of the Gospell of that day spake somewhat largely in the iustifying of Bishop Bonner being present at the Sermon whiche Bishop as the sayde Preacher then openly sayde for a Sermon made vpon the same Text and in the same place the same day foure yeares afore passed was most vniustly cast into the vile dungeon of the Marshalsee among theenes and there kept during the time of king Edwardes reigne This matter being set forth with great vehemencie so muche offended the eares of part of the audience that they brake silence and began to murmure and throng togither in such sort as the Maior and Aldermen with other of the wiser sort then present feared muche an vprore A dagger throwne at the preacher During which muttering one more feruent than his fellowes threwe a dagger at the Preacher but who it was came not to knowledge by reason of which outrage the Preacher withdrewe himselfe from the Pulpil and one maister Bradforde at the request of the Preachers brother and others standing there tooke the place and spake so mildely to the people that with fewe wordes he appeased their furie and after the sayde maister Bradforde and maister Rogers although men of contrarie religion conueyed the sayd Preacher into Paules schole and there left him in safetie The next Sundaye following for feare of a like tumult or worse order was taken that the Queenes garde shoulde be present in the place to defende the Preacher with weapons
Bromley Notwithstanding the principall as you alledge it and the precisenesse of your sticking to the bare wordes of the statute it doth appeare and remaine of recorde in our learning that diuerse cases haue bene adiudged treason without the expresse words of the statute as the Quenes learned counsell there can declare Thattorney It doth appeare the prisoner did not onely intise or procure Wiat Caroe Rogers and others to committe their trayterous actes and there doth his open factes appeare whiche Vaughans confession doth witnesse but also he did mynde shortlye after to associate himselfe with those traytours for hee minded to haue departed with the Earle of Deuonshire Westwardes Throckmor My innocencie concerning these matters I trust sufficientlye appeareth by my foremer aunsweres notwithstanding the condempned mans vniust accusation But because the true vnderstanding of the statute is in question I saye Procurement and specially by words onely is without the compasse of it and that I doe learne and proue by the principle which I learned of maister Stanforde Stanforde Maister Throckmorton you and I maye not agree this day in the vnderstanding of the lawe for I am for the Queene and you speake for your selfe the Iudges must determine the matter Bromley He that doth procure another man to commit a felonie or a murther I am sure you know well ynough the lawe doth adiudge the procurer there a felon or a murtherer and in case of treason it hath bene alwayes so taken and reputed Throckmor I doe and must cleaue to my innocencie for I procured no man to committe treason but yet for my learning I desire to heare some case so ruled when the lawe was as it is nowe I doe confesse it that at suche time there were Statutes prouided for the procurer counsaylour ayder abetter and suche lyke as there were in King Henrie the viij tyme you might lawfullye make this cruell construction Happie for Throckmortō that those statutes stoode◅ then repealed and bring the procurer within the compasse of the lawe But these Statutes being repealed you ought not nowe so to doe and as to the principal procurer in fellonie murther it is not lyke as in treason for the principall and accessaries in felonie and murther be triable and punshable by y e cōmon law so in those cases the Iudges may vse their equitie extending the determinatiō of the fault as they thinke good but in treason it is otherwise the same being limited by statute law which I say and aduow is restreyned from any Iudges cōstructiō by y e maxime y t I recited Stanforde Your Lordships do know a case in R. 3. time where y e procurer to coūterfeyt false mony was iudged a traytor and the law was as it is now Hare Maister Sergeaunt doth remember you Throckmorton of an experience before oure time that the lawe hath bene so taken and yet the procurer was not expressed in the Statute but the lawe hath ben always so taken Throckmor I neuer studied the law whereof I do much repent mee yet I remember whylest penall Statutes were talked of in the Parliament house you the learned men of the house remembred some cases contrarie to this last spoken of And if I misreport them I pray you helpe me In the like case you speake of concerning the procurer to counterfeyte false money at one time the procurer was iudged a fellon and at an other time neither fellon nor traytor so as some of your predecessours adiudged the procurer no traytour in the same case but leaned to their principall though some other extende their constructions too large And here is two cases with me for one against me Bromley Bicause you replie so sore vpon the principall I will remember where one taking the great seale of Englande from one writing and putting it to another was adiudged a traytour in Henrie the iiij tyme and yet his act was not within the expresse words of the Statute of Edwarde the third There be diuerse other such like cases that maye be alledged and need were Throckmor I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice call to your good remembraunce that in the selfe same case of the seale Iustice Spilman a graue and well learned man since that time woulde not cōdemn the offēder but did reproue that former iudgement by you last remēbred as erronious Stanforde If I had thought you had bene so well furnished with booke cases I woulde haue bene better prouided for you Throckmor I haue nothing but I lerned of you specially M. Sergeant of others my masters of y e law in the Parliament house therefore I may say with the Prophet Salutem ex inimicis nostris Southwell You haue a very good memorie The attorney If the prisoner may auoyde his treasons after this maner the Queenes suretie shall bee in great ieoperdy For Iack Cade the black smith and diuerse other traytors sometime alledging the law for them somtime they ment no harme to the king but against his Counsell as Wiat the Duke of Suffolke and these did against the Spanyardes when there was no Spanyardes within the realme The Duke and his brethren did mistake the lawe as you doe yet at length did confesse their ignorance and submitted them selues And so were you best to doe Throckmor As to Cade and the black Smith I am not so well acquainted with their treasons as you bee but I haue red in the Chronicle they were in the fielde with a force against the Prince whereby a manifest acte did appeare As to the Duke of Suffolkes doings they appertaine not to mee And though you woulde compare my speache and talke against the Spanyardes to the Dukes actes who assembled a force in armes it is euident they differ much I am sorie to engreue any other mans doings but it serueth me for a peece of my defence and therefore I wishe y t no man should gather euill of it God forbid that words and acts be thus cōfounded Thattorney ▪ Sir William Stanley vsed this shifte that the prisoner vseth now he sayde he did not leuie warre against king Henrie the vij but sayde to the Duke of Buckingham that in a good quarrell he wold aid him with .v. C. men and neuerthelesse Stanley was for those words attainted who as al y e worlde knoweth had before y e time serued the King very faithfully and truly Throckmor I pray you maister Atturney doe not conclude me by blinde contraries Whether you alledge Stanleyes case trulye or no I knowe not But admitte it be as you saye what dothe this proue against me I promised no ayde to maister Wiat nor to anye other The Duke of Buckingham leuied warre agaynste the King with whom Stanley was confederate so to doe as you saye Thattorney I pray you my Lords that be the Queenes Commissioners suffer not the prisoner to vse the Queenes learned Counsell thus I was neuer interrupted thus in my life nor I neuer knewe any thus suffered to
to the Queenes enimies within the Realme is euidentlye proued for Wiat was the Queenes enimie wythin the Realme as the whole Realme knoweth it and he hath confessed it both at his arrainement and at his death Throckmor By your leaue neither Wiat at his arreignment nor at his death did confesse that he was the Queenes enimie when I talked last with him neyther he was reputed nor taken in xiiij dayes after vntill he assembled a force in armes what time I was at your house master Inglefielde where I learned the first intelligence of Wiats stirre And I aske you who doth depose that there passed anye maner of aduertisement betwixt Wiat and mee after he had discouered his doings and shewed himselfe an enimie if I had bene so disposed who did let mee that I did not repaire to Wiat or to sende to him or to the Duke of Suffolke eyther who was in myne owne countrey and thither I might haue gone and conueyed my selfe with him vnsuspected for my departing homewards Inglefielde It is true that you were there at my house accompanied with others your brethren and to my knowledge ignorant of these matters Bromley Throckmorton you confessed you talked with Wiat and others against the comming of the Spanyards and of the taking of the tower of London wherevpon Wiat leuied a force of men against the Spanyardes he sayde and so you saye all but in deede it was against the Queene which he confessed at length therefore Wiats actes doe proue you counsayler and procurer howsoeuer you woulde auoyde the matter Throckmor Me think you would conclude me with a mishapen argument in Logicke and you will giue mee leaue I will make another Stanforde The Iudges sit not here to make disputations but to declare the law which hath bene sufficiently done if you woulde consider it Hare You haue hearde reason and the lawe if you will conceyue it Throckmor Oh mercifull God oh eternall father which seest all things what maner of proceedings are these to what purpose serueth the statute of repeale the last Parliament where I hearde some of you here present and diuerse other of the Queenes learned counsayle grieuouslye inuey against the cruell and bloudie lawes of King Henrie the eyght and against some lawes made in my late soueraigne Lorde and maisters time King Edwarde the sixth some termed them Drugos lawes whiche were written in bloude some sayde they were more intollerable than any lawes that Dionisius or any other tyraunt made In conclusion as many men so manye bitter termes and names those lawes had And moreouer the Preface of the same estatute doth recite that for wordes onely many great personages and others of good behauiour hath bene most cruelly cast awaye by these foremer sanguinolent thirstie lawes with many other suggestions for the repeale of the same And now let vs put on indifferent eyes and throughly consider with our selues as you the Iudges handle the constructions of the Statute of Edwarde the thirde with your equitie and extentions whether we be not in much wors case now than we were when those cruel lawes yoked vs. These lawes albeit they were grieuous and captious yet they had the verie propertie of a lawe after S. Paules description For those lawes did admonish vs and discouer our sinnes plainly vnto vs and when a man is warned hee is halfe armed These lawes as they bee handled be very baytes to catche vs and onely prepared for the same and no lawes for at the first sight they ascertaine vs we be deliuered from our olde bondage and by the late repeale the last Parliament we liue in more securitie But when it pleaseth the higher powers to call any mannes lyfe and sayings in question then there be constructions interpretations and extentions reserued to the Iustices and Iudges equitie that the partie triable as I am nowe shall finde him selfe in much worse case than before when those cruell lawes stoode in force Thus our amendement is from Gods blessing into the warme sunne but I require you honest men whiche are to trie my life consider these opinions of my life Iudges be rather agreeable to the time than to the truth for their iudgements be repugnant to their owne principle repugnant to their godly and best learned predecessors opinions repugnant I say to the Prouiso in the Statute of Repeale made in the last Parliament The attorney Maister Throckmorton quiâ—â— your selfe and it shall be the better for you Throckmor Maister Attorney I am not so vnquiet as you be and yet one cases are not alike but bicause I am so tedious to you and haue long troubled this presence it maye please my Lorde chiefe Iustice to repeate the euidence wherewith I am charged and my aunsweres to all the obiections if there be no other matter to laye against me Bromley Then the chiefe Iustice remembred particularly all the depositions and euidences giuen against the prisoner and eyther for wants of good memorie or good will the prisoners aunsweres were in part not recited wherevppon the prisoner craued indifferencie and did helpe the Iudges olde memorie with his owne recitall â—…endall My maisters of the Iurie you haue to inquire whether Sir Nicholas Throckmorton Knight here prisoner at the barre be guiltie of these treasons or any of them whereof he hath bene indited and this daye arreigned yea or no. And if you finde him guiltie you shall enquire what landes tenementes goodes and cattalles he had at the day of his treasons committed or at anye time since and whether hee fledde for the treasons or no if you finde him not guiltie Throckmor Haue yoâ—… sayde what is to be sayd Kendall Yea for this time Throckmor Then I pray you giue me leaue to speake a fewe words to the Iurie The weyght and grauitie of my cause hath greatly occasioned me to trouble you here long therfore I minde not to intertain you here loÌ„g with any prolixe oration you perceyue notwithstanding this daye great contention betwixt the Iudges and the Queenes learned Counsayle on the one partie and mee the poore and wofull prisoner on the other partie The triall of our whole controuersie the triall of my innocencie the triall of my lyfe landes and goodes and the destruction of my posteritie for euer doth rest in your good iudgements And albeit many this daye haue greatly inueyghed against mee the finall determination thereof is transferred onely to you howe grieuous and horrible the shedding of innocents bloude is in the sight of almightie God I trust you doe remember Therefore take heede I saye for Christes sake do not defile your consciences with such heynous and notable crimes they bee grieuouslye and terriblâ—â— punished as in this worlde and vale of miserie vppon the childrens children to the thirde and fourth generation and in the worlde to come with euerlasting fire and damnation lift vp your minds to God and care not to muche for the worlde looke not backe to the fleshpots of
Egypte whiche will allure you from heauenly respectes to worldlye securitie and can thereof neyther make you anye suretie Beleeue I pray you the Queene and hir magistrates be more delighted with fauourable equitie than with rashe crueltie And in that yo◅ be al Citizens I wil take my leaue of you with S. Paules farewell to the Ephesians ▪ Citizen◅◅lso you be ▪ whome he tooke to recorde that he was pure from shedding any bloude a special token a doctrine left for your instruction that euerye of you may washe his handes of innocents bloude◅ shedde when you shall take your leaue of this wretched worlde The holy ghost be amongst you Sendall ▪ Come hither Sergeaunt take the Iurye with you and suffer no man to come at them but to be ordered as the lawe appointeth vntill they be agreed vpon their verdit Throckmor It may please you my Lordes and maisters which be Commissioners ▪ to giue order that no person haue accesse or conference with the Iurie neither that any of the Queenes learned Counsayle be suffered to repayre to them or to talke with any of them vntill they present themselues here in open Court ▪ to publish their verdit Vpon the prisoners suite on this behalfe the Benche gaue order that two sergeauntes were sworne to suffer no man to repaire to the Iurie vntill they were agreed Then the prisoner was by commandement of the Benche withdrawne from the barre and the Court adiourned vntill three of the clocke at afternoone at whiche houre the Commissioners returned to the Guilde hall and there did tarie vntill the Iurie were agreed vpon the verdit And aboute fiue of the clocke their agreement being aduertised to the Commissioners the sayde prisoner Sir Nicholas Thorkmorton was again brought to the barre where also the Iurie did repaire and being demaunded whether they were agreed vpon their verdit aunswered vniuersally with one voyce yea Then it was asked who shoulde speake for them they aunswered Whetston the foreman Sendall Nicholas Throckmorton knight holde vp thy hande Then the prisoner did so vppon the summons Sendall You that bee of the Iurie looke vppon the prisoner The Iurie did as they were enioyned Sendall Howe saye you is Maister Throckmorton Knight there prisoner at the barre guiltie of the treasons whereof hee hathe bin indited and arraigned in manner and forme yea or no Whetston No. Sendall Howe say you did he flie vpon them Whetston No we finde no suche thing Throckmor I hadde forgotten to aunswere that question before but you haue founde according to truth and for the better warrantie of your dooings vnderstande that I came to London and so to the Queenes counsell vnbroughte when I vnderstoode they demaunded for mee and yet I was almoste an hundred miles hence where if I had not presumed vppon my truthe I coulde haue withdrawen my selfe from catching Bromley Howe saye you the reste of yee is Whetstons verdict all your verdicts The whole Inquest answered yea Bromley Remember youre selues better haue you considered substancially the whole euidence in sorte as it was declared and recited the matter dothe touche the Queenes highnesse and your selues also take good heede what you doe Whetston My Lorde wee haue throughly considered the euidence laide agaynste the prisoner and his aunsweres to all these matters and accordingly wee haue founde him not guiltie agreable to all our consciences Bromley If you haue done well it is the better for you Throckmor It is better to bee tried than to liue suspected Blessed be the Lorde God of Israell for he hath visited and redeemed his people and hathe raised vp a mightie saluation for vs in the house of his seruaunte Dauid And it maye please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice forasmuche as I haue ben indited and arrained of sundry treasons and haue according to the lawe put my triall to god and my countrey that is to say to these honest men whiche haue founde me not guiltie I humbly beseeche you to giue me such benefite acquitall and iudgement as the lawe in this case doth appointe When the prisoner had saide these wordes the Commissioners consulted togither Throckmor Maye it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice to pronounce sentence for my dischardge Bromley Where as you doe aske the benefite that the lawe in suche case dothe appointe I will giue it you vi◅ That where you haue bene indited of sundrye highe treasons and haue bene here this daye beefore the Queenes Commissioners and Iustices arreigned of the saide treasons wherevnto you haue pleaded not guyltye and haue for triall therein putte youre selfe on God and youre countrey and they haue founde you not guiltie the Courte doth award that you be clerly discharged paying your fees Notwithstandyng Mayster Liuetenaunt take hym with you agayne for there are other matters to chardge hym with Throckmor It may please you my Lords and masters of y e Quenes highnes priuie coūsel to be on my behalfe humble sutors to hir Maiestie that like as the lawe this daye God bee praised hathe purged mee of the treasons wherewith I was most dangerously charged so it might please hir excellent maiestie to purge mee in hir priuate iudgemente and bothe forgyue and forgette my ouer rashe boldenesse that I vsed in talke of hir highnesse marriage with the prince of Spaine matters to farre aboue my capacitie and I very vnable to consider the grauitie therof a matter impertinent for mee a priuate person to talke of which did appertain to hir highnesse priuy coūsel to haue in deliberation and if it shall please hir highnesse of hir bountifull liberalitie to remitte my former ouersightes I shall thinke my selfe happye for triall of the daunger that I haue this daye escaped and maye thereby admonishe mee to eschewe thinges aboue my reache and also to instructe mee to deale with matters agreable to my vocation and god saue the Queenes Maiestie and graunte the same long to raigne ouer vs and the same Lorde bee praised for you the Magistrates beefore whome I haue hadde my triall this daye indifferentlye by the Lawe and you haue proceeded with mee accordinglye and the grace of God bee amongst you nowe and euer There was no aunswere made by any of the benche to the prisoners sute but the Attorny did speake these wordes The attorney And it please you my Lordes forasmuche as it seemeth these men of the Iurie which haue straungely acquite the prisoner of his treasons whereof hee was indited will forthwith departe the Courte I praye you for the Queene that they and euerye of them maye bee bounde in a recognizance of fiue hundrethe pounde a peece to aunswere to such matters as they shall be charged with ▪ in the Queenes behalfe whensoeuer they shall be chardged or called Whetston ▪ I praye you my Lordes bee good vnto vs and lette vs not bee molested for dischardgyng our consciences truelye we bee poore marchantmen and haue great chardge vpon our hands and our lyuynges doe depende vppon our trauailes therefore it
bestowing in marriage as stoode with the French Kings pleasure The Gouernour condiscending heerevnto assembled the states and by their aduises passed certayne couenantes to the effect aforesayd and sente the same in writing by certayne messengers into Fraunce The Frenche King gladly accepting thys message The Gouernour sendeth into France for aide Broughtie Crag besiege by the Gouernoure prepared a nauie of Shyppes and Galeys to transporte an army into Scotland the next Sommer In the meane time the Gouernour laid siege to Broughtie Crag and the D. of Somerset as well for meane to cause the Scottes to retire that siege as also for the annoyance of Clidesdale apperteyning to y e Gouernour and y e Erle of Angus and other Scots y t would not come in to the obeysance of the K. of England appoynted the Earle of Lennox to make a new inuasiō into Scotland to vse for triall of their fidelities the help of two thousand Scottish light horsemen that were already assured and sworne to serue the Kyng of England in all such exploytes in which they should be employed The Earle of Lennox desirous to aduaunce the King of Englands affayres hauing receyued letters from William Earle of Glencarne with promise of hys assistance and likewise of his father in lawe the Earle of Angus the Larde of Drumlanrig and those Lardes and Gentlemenne of the Countreys of Kile Cunningham Renfreu Lennox entred Scotlād about the twelfth of Decēber The Earle of Lennox entreth into Scotlande accompanyed with Henry Whartō second son to the L. Wharton with two C. light horsemen of the garnisons in Scotland and comming first to Dunfreis where the generall assemblie was appoynted of the two thousande assured Scottishe lyght Horsemen when the musters should bee taken hee founde vnneth three hundred and those for the more part of the broken countreys of Annādale Ewisdale Esdale and Liddesdale The Earle of Glencarne his double dealing The Earle of Glencarne came thither indeede but vnder a counterfeit shewe of good meaning where in trueth hee meante nothyng but crafte to discouer all the Earle of Lennox hys purposes who perceyuing his double dealing and fynding no suche forces ready to assist hym as he looked for and moreouer mistrusting the loyalties of the maister of Maxwell New Lord ◅nes the Gētlemē of Nidesdale meaning as he tooke it to entrappe hym and delyuer hym to the Queene Dowager and the Lorde Gouernour stoode in some perplexitie what way should bee the best for hym to followe The Earle of Lennox in doubt what to doe thinking it not to stande wyth hys honor to returne without atchieuing some enterprise The Earle of Glencarne had shewed to him two letters written by the Larde of Drumlanrig signifying that if the Earle of Lennox came The Lard of Drumlanrig accompanyed onely with Scottishmen he woulde both serue him and honor h◅m in the best wise hee myghte but if hee broughte those Englishmenne in his company he would not onely refuse to ayde hym but also reyse all the power hee myght make eyther by his friends or otherwise to resist him Maister Henrye Wharton and those sixe score Horsemen retiring beyonde the water of Nith and perceyuing that Drumlanrig and his mē entred the water rashly to pursue them returned and gaue such a desperate charge vpon them He is put to flight that Drumlanrig and his company were scattered and putte to flighte yet Drumlanrig himselfe although there were some speares broken vppon hym through the goodnesse of hys Horse escaped Two Gentlemen of his surname and traine that were in no small estimatiō with him were slayne and sixe score prisoners taken and ledde to Dunfreis The terrour of this ouerthrowe and y e bruite of the Earle of Lennox hys entrie thus made into Scotland caused the Gouernoure to leuie his siege frō Broughtie Crag The siege of Broughtie Crag reysed and with speede to come from thence the better to defende hys Countreys of Cliddesdale and Dowglasdale Sir Andrew Dudley Captayn of Broughtie Crag bare himselfe right valiantly in defending the Castell during thys siege so that the Scottes certesse lost diuers hardy personages and among other Gawen Hamilton the Gouernoures kinnesman was slayne at the same siege The Prior of Whiterne Moreouer the Prior of Whiterne by hys letters and messengers offered himselfe to obey the King of Englande and the inhabitantes of the burroughe and hauen townes of Wigton and Kirckowbre the Knightes of Loghinwar and Garleis the Laird and tutor of Bomby y e Lairde of Cardines and all the Gentlemen of Annandale Nidesdale and Galloway euen to Whiterne beeyng .80 myles in length from Carelile through the inducemente of the foresayd Prior and of the Knightes of Loghinwar and Garleis for the fauor they bare to y e Earle of Lennox within two dayes after the disconfiture of Drumlanrig came vnto Dunfreis and there receyued an oth to be true to the Kyng of Englande and afterwardes wente with the Earle vnto Carelile leauing the Countrey in good quiet and the King of England acknowledged for Lorde of Galloway Nidesdale and Annandale by the inhabitants thereof And after that the forenamed persons hadde remayned for a space at Carelile The Scottes deliuer pledges they deliuered pledges and returned home into their Countreys as assured men and subiects to the Kyng of England In thys meane whyle the Gouernoure hauing helde siege before the Castell of Broughtie Crag by the space of thirtie daies and nowe retiring from thence as before yee haue hearde by the aduice of the principall Lordes aboute hym hee caused Maister Iames Halibourton Iames Hol◅burton Captayne Lei◅mouth tutor of those parties to reyse certaine companies of Horsemen and appoynted hym wyth Captaine Leiremouth whome he left in Dundee with certayne footemenne to defende the Countrey againste the Englishmenne if they issued forthe of Broughtie crag to atchieue anye enterprise anye where neere thereaboutes The Duke of Somerset by aduice of the residue of the counsell in England mynding to bridle the Scottes that refused to come in and submit themselues to the King of Englande Forts built tooke order for the building of one Forte at Lawder and an other at Hadington as in the Englishe historie it may appeare And further it was appoynted also 1548 that about the ende of February the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton with seauen hundred Englishe horsemenne besyde the assured Scottes Horsemenne and aboute a foure or fyue thousande Englishe footemenne shoulde by the West bordures inuade Scotlande The Earle of Lennox and the L. Whatton inuade Scotland they accordyng to theyr commission sette forward and the fyrste nyghte came to Lochmaben and there lodged The nexte daye they marched to Dunfreis and whylest they remayned there the Earle of Angus beeyng come to Drumlanrig by messengers entred some talke wyth hys sonne in lawe the Earle of Lennox but fyth it was perceyued that thys
was done The dissimulation of the Earle of Angus rather to entrappe the Earle of Lennox or at the leastwise to driue tyme vppon consultation hadde wyth the Maister of Maxwell the Larde of Cloesborne and others the Gentlemen assured of Nidesdale and Annandale it was concluded that the Townes of Morton Dusdere and others neere adioyning togyther in those parties shoulde bee brente to the ende that the Earle of Angus myghte so bee drawen to the fielde and caughte by some one meane or other Aboute midnighte therefore the fortey beeyng sette forthe vnder the leading of Maister Henry Wharton Maister Henry Wharton to the number of twelue hundred lyght Horsemenne the Maister of Maxwell nowe Lorde Herries and the residue of the assured menne beeyng amongst them kept forewarde and in the mornyng the Erle of Lennox and the Lorde Whatton marched foorth with the footemen till they came tenne miles beyond Dunfreis And where the Erle of Angus was drawen to the Castell of Drumlanrig vnder pretence to commune with his sonne the Erle of Lennox but meanyng to entrappe him if it wer possible he was so enuironned by the English footemen ere he coulde haue sufficient warnyng The Erle of 〈◊〉 put to 〈◊〉 that he was forced to flee onely with fiue persons in his company But nowe the Englishe horsemen beyng come to Dusdere .xlviij. miles within y e realme of Scotland hauing passed sundry great riuers they set that towne on fire â—…e set â—…ire But the master of Maxwell with the other Scottish gentlemen light horsemen borderers to the nuÌ„ber of foure hundred beyng in company of the Englishe horsemen as before ye haue heard had contriued the destruction of the Englishmen afore hande and the better to worke their feate they had procured as ye haue hearde the Erle of Angus to come vnto Drumlanrig with a chosen power of men for that purpose There were also vpon euery hil about great numbers of footemen Scottes with speares and lance slaues to assist the Erle of Angus and his complices agaynst the Englishmen The Lairde of Drumlanrig with a number of chosen horsemen was aduauÌ„ced forward in sight of the Englishmen as they were busie in firyng the towne of Dusdere The assured Scottes therefore thinking the enterprice to be surely inough conueyed for their contriued purpose openly vpon the field neare to Dusdere hoysting vp a blacke peâ—… vpon a speare point for a token reâ—…ed wholy The reuolting of the assured Scottes and ioygned themselues to the Land of Drumlanrig other their couÌ„trey men and thrust in betwixt the English horsemen and footemen to the great perill of distressing aswell the one as the other for making towardes the place where the Erle of Lennox and the Lord Wharton were coming forwarde with their footemen neere to the olde castell of Dauswynton sometime the house of the Cumynes A false rumor spred they bruyted it abroad 〈◊〉 the English horsemen were quite ouerthrown There were at the first euill newes spredde abrode and certified to the court of England of this iourney howe the Erle of Lennox and the English army was ouerthroweÌ„ so that it was by order appoynted that the Erle of Derby the Lords Scroupe Coniers with their powers should repayre to the West borders to garnishe the same for defence agaynst the enimies but vpon the true reporte how the mater had passed made by Master Henry Wharton and one Bishop a Scottishman sent in post for that purpose that appoyntment was slayed and master Wharton was at that time made Knight and the sayde Bishop richely rewarded for bringing so good newes Herewith were letters directed downe from the counsell to the Lorde Wharton Pledges executed for the executioÌ„ of certaine pledges to witte the master of Maxwels pledge beyng one of his nearest kinsmen of the house of the Herries also the Warden of the Grey friers in Dunfreis the Vicar of Earlauerock and diuers other whiche were executed at Carlile In this meane time were the fortes at Lawder and Hadyngton buylte the castels of Yester and Dawâ—…ith wonne al the Milles brent with in foure myles of eche hande of Edenburgh and other exploytes atchieued by the Englishmen as in the History of Englande is more at large expressed But now the French King hauyng prepared an army ready to come into Scotland caused the same to draw downe to Brest in Brytayne A nauy prepared at Brest in Brytayne where the shippes and Galeys were rigged made ready to passe therewith into Scotland The chiefe leaders of whiche army were these whiche had charge chiefly to commaunde in the same The chiefe capitaines of the French army that came into Scotland Monsieur de Desse Lieutenant generall MoÌ„sieur Dandelot Coronel of the FreÌ„ch footemen the Counte Reingraue coronel of the Almaynes Monsieur de Malleray Monsieur Doysel Pietro Strozzi Coronel of the ItaliaÌ„s Monsieur de Etauges Capitayne of the horsemen sir Nicholas de Villegaignon a knight of the Rodes or rather Malta Capitayne of the Galeys and Monsieur Duno Commissarie of the artillery with diuers other worthie personages and men of approued valiancy These Capitaynes with theyr powers beyng embarqued at Brest sayled alongst by the East seas and at length aboute the middest of Iune came into the Rode before Leith where they landed theyr people and ordinaunce and afterwardes with the aduise of the Gouernour Hadyngton besieged and other of the Scottish Lordes they went to besiege Hadington and commyng thither encamped theÌ„selues in places of aduantage about the towne caste trenches planted their ordinaunce battered the rampyres and kept them within straytly besieged on eche hande vsing all the wayes they coulde deuise to coÌ„strayne the Englishmen to yeelde they forbeare yet to giue a generall assaulte bycause they would not hazarde as they haue reported the losse of so many menne Why the Frenchmen forbare to giue an assault as might haue bene slayne and maymed thereby to the greate weakenyng of their power there hauyng not mean to supply it whaÌ„ they would and yet they had a great army of Scottes with them for a season and had made the breaches so reasonable that with small payne they mighte haue entred by the same if the force of the defendants had not suffised with handeblowes to haue beaten them backe as no doubte there was no want of good willes in them so to haue done if the Frenchmen had put the matter in triall yet during this siege they within stoode in great necessitie of things behouefull for the defense of the towne Wherevpon sir Henry Wharton with a band of light horsemen of the West borders and others came and put into the towne a certayne number of men with powder other necessaries greatly to the reliefe of the besieged and no lesse displeasure of the Frenchmen and Scottes that were not aware of this enterprice till it was done in the night season by the good and fortunate