in all the peare vntill you come neare the core The Wilford peare is a good and a faire peare The Bell peare a very good greene peare The Portingall peare is a great peare but more goodly in shew then good indeed The Gratiola peare is a kinde of Bon Chretien called the Cowcumber peare or Spinola's peare The Rowling peare is a good peare but hard and not good before it bee a little rowled or bruised to make it eate the more mellow The Pimpe peare is as great as the Windsor peare but rounder and of a very good rellish The Turnep peare is a hard winter peare not so good to eate rawe as it is to bake The Arundell peare is most plentifull in Suffolke and there commended to be a verie good peare The Berry peare is a Summer peare reasonable faire and great and of so good and wholsome a taste that few or none take harme by eating neuer so many of them The Sand peare is a reasonable good peare but small The Morley peare is a very good peare like in forme and colour vnto the Windsor but somewhat grayer The peare pricke is very like vnto the Greenfield peare being both faire great and good The good Rewell is a reasonable great peare as good to bake as to eate rawe and both wayes it is a good fruit The Hawkes bill peare is of a middle size somewhat like vnto the Rowling peare The Petworth peare is a winter peare and is great somewhat long faire and good The Slipper peare is a reasonable good peare The Robert peare is a very good peare plentifull in Suffolke and Norfolke The pound peare is a reasonable good peare both to eate rawe and to bake The ten pound peare or the hundred pound peare the truest and best is the best Bon Chretien of Syon so called because the grafts cost the Master so much the fetching by the messengers expences when he brought nothing else The Gilloflower peare is a winter peare faire in shew but hard and not fit to bee eaten rawe but very good to bake The peare Couteau is neither good one way nor other The Binsce peare is a reasonable good winter peare of a russetish colour and a small fruit but will abide good a long while The Pucell is a greene peare of an indifferent good taste The blacke Sorrell is a reasonable great long peare of a darke red colour on the outside The red Sorrell is of a redder colour else like the other The Surrine is no very good peare The Summer Hasting is a little greene peare of an indifferent good rellish Peare Gergonell is an early peare somewhat long and of a very pleasant taste The white Genneting is a reasonable good peare yet not equall to the other The Sweater is somewhat like the Windsor for colour and bignesse but nothing neare of so good a taste The bloud red peare is of a darke red colour on the outside but piercing very little into the inner pulpe The Hony peare is a long greene Summer peare The Winter peare is of many sorts but this is onely so called to bee distinguished from all other Winter peares which haue seuerall names giuen them and is a very good peare The Warden or Luke Wards peare of two sorts both white and red both great and small The Spanish Warden is greater then either of both the former and better also The peare of Ierusalem or the stript peare whose barke while it is young is as plainly seene to be stript with greene red and yellow as the fruit it selfe is also and is of a very good taste being baked also it is as red as the best Warden whereof Master William Ward of Essex hath assured mee who is the chiefe keeper of the Kings Granary at Whitehall Hereof likewise there is a wilde kinde no bigger then ones thumbe and striped in the like manner but much more The Choke peares and other wilde peares both great and small as they are not to furnish our Orchard but the Woods Forrests Fields and Hedges so wee leaue them to their naturall places and to them that keep them and make good vse of them The Vse of Peares The most excellent sorts of Peares serue is I said before of Apples to make an after-course for their masters table where the goodnesse of his Orchard is tryed They are dryed also and so are an excellent repaste if they be of the best kindes fit for the purpose They are eaten familiarly of all sorts of people of some for delight and of others for nourishment being baked stewed or scalded The red Warden and the Spanish Warden are reckoned among the most excellent of Peares either to bake or to roast for the sicke or for the sound And indeede the Quince and the Warden are the two onely fruits are permitted to the sicke to eate at any time Perry which is the iuyce of Peares pressed out is a drinke much esteemed as well as Cyder to be both drunke at home and carried to the Sea and found to be of good vse in long voyages The Perry made of Choke Peares notwithstanding the harshnesse and euill taste both of the fruit when it is greene as also of the iuyce when it is new made doth yet after a few moneths become as milde and pleasant as wine and will hardly bee knowne by the sight or taste from it this hath beene found true by often experience and therefore wee may admire the goodnesse of God that hath giuen such facility to so wilde fruits altogether thought vselesse to become vsefull and apply the benefit thereof both to the comfort of our soules and bodies For the Physicall properties if we doe as Galen teacheth vs in secundo Alimentorum referre the qualities of Peares to their seuerall tastes as before he had done in Apples we shall not neede to make a new worke those that are harsh and sowre doe coole and binde sweet do nourish and warme and those betweene these to haue middle vertues answerable to their temperatures c. Much more might be said both of this and the other kinds of fruits but let this suffice for this place and worke vntill a more exact be accomplished CHAP. XXII Nux Iuglans The Wallnut ALthough the Wallnut tree bee often planted in the middle of great Court-yards where by reason of his great spreading armes it taketh vp a great deale of roome his shadow reaching farre so that scarce any thing can well grow neare it yet because it is likewise planted in fit places or corners of Orchards and that it beareth fruit or nuts often brought to the table especially while they are freshest sweetest and fittest to be eaten let not my Orchard want his company or you the knowledge of it Some doe thinke that there are many sorts of them because some are much greater then others and some longer then others and some haue a more frangible shell then others but I am certainly perswaded that the soyle and climate where
and oftentimes lesse in some ribbed or bunched in others plaine and either long or round either green or yellow or gray as Nature listeth to shew her selfe for it is but waste time to recite all the formes and colours may be obserued in them the inner rinde next vnto the outer is yellowish and firme the seede is great flat and white lying in the middle of the watery pulpe the roote is of the bignesse of a mans thumbe or greater dispersed vnder ground with many small fibres ioyned thereunto Gourds are kindes of Melons but because wee haue no vse of them wee leaue them vnto their fit place The Vse of Pompions They are boyled in faire water and salt or in powdered beefe broth or sometimes in milke and so eaten or else buttered They vse likewise to take out the inner watery substance with the seedes and fill vp the place with Pippins and hauing laid on the couer which they cut off from the toppe to take out the pulpe they bake them together and the poore of the Citie as well as the Country people doe eate thereof as of a dainty dish The seede hereof as well as of Cowcumbers and Melons are cooling and serue for emulsions in the like manner for Almond milkes c. for those are troubled with the stone CHAP. LVI Fragaria Strawberries THere be diuers sorts of Strawberries whereof those that are noursed vp in Gardens or Orchards I intend to giue you the knowledge in this place and leaue the other to a fitter yet I must needs shew you of one of the wilde sorts which for his strangenesse is worthy of this Garden And I must also enforme you that the wilde Strawberry that groweth in the Woods is our Garden Strawberry but bettered by the soyle and transplanting 1 â—â—câ—mis 〈◊〉 uâ— vulgaris The ordinary Cowcumber 2 Cucumis Hispanicus The long yellow Spanish Cowcumber 3 Melo vulgaris The ordinary Melon 4 Melo maximus optimus The greatest Muske Melon 5 Pepo The Pompion 6 Fraga vulgaris Common Strawberries 7 Fraga Bohemica maxima The great Bohemia Strawberries 8 Fraga acuseata The prickly Strawberry The white Strawberry differeth not from the red but in the colour of the fruite which is whiter then the former when it is thorough ripe enclining to rednesse The greene Strawberry likewise differeth not but that the fruit is green on all sides when it is ripe saue on that side the Sun lyeth vpon it and there it is somewhat red The Virginia Strawberry carryeth the greatest leafe of any other except the Bohemian but scarce can one Strawberry be seene ripe among a number of plants I thinke the reason thereof to be the want of skill or industry to order it aright For the Bohemia and all other Strawberries will not beare kindly if you suffer them to grow with many strings and therefore they are still cut away There is another very like vnto this that Iohn Tradescante brought with him from Brussels long agoe and in seuen yeares could neuer see one berry ripe on all sides but still the better part rotten although it would euery yeare flower abundantly and beare very large leaues The Bohemia Strawberry hath beene with vs but of late dayes but is the goodliest and greatest both for leafe next to the Virginian and for beauty farre surpassing all for some of the berries haue beene measured to bee neere fiue inches about Master Quester the Postmaster first brought them ouer into our Country as I vnderstand but I know no man so industrious in the carefull planting and bringing them to perfection in that plentifull maner as Master Vincent Sion who dwelt on the Banck side neer the old Paris garden staires who from seuen rootes as hee affirmed to me in one yeare and a halfe planted halfe an acree of ground with the increase from them besides those he gaue away to his friends and with him I haue seene such and of that bignesse before mentioned One Strawberry more I promised to shew you which although it be a wilde kinde and of no vse for meate yet I would not let this discourse passe without giuing you the knowledge of it It is in leafe much like vnto the ordinary but differeth in that the flower if it haue any is greene or rather it beareth a small head of greene leaues many set thicke together like vnto a double ruffe in the midst whereof standeth the fruit which when it is ripe sheweth to be soft and somwhat reddish like vnto a Strawberry but with many small harmlesse prickles on them which may be eaten and chewed in the mouth without any maner of offence and is somewhat pleasant like a Strawberry it is no great bearer but those it doth beare are set at the toppes of the stalks close together pleasant to behold and fit for a Gentlewoman to weare on her arme c. as a raritie in stead of a flower The Vse of Strawberries The leaues of Strawberries are alwaies vsed among other herbes in cooling drinkes as also in lotions and gargles for the mouth and throate the rootes are sometimes added to make it the more effectuall and withall somwhat the more binding The berries themselues are often brought to the Table as a reare seruice whereunto claret wine creame or milke is added with sugar as euery one liketh as also at other times both with the better and meaner sort and are a good cooling and pleasant dish in the hot Summer season The water distilled of the berries is good for the passions of the heart caused by the perturbation of the spirits being eyther drunke alone or in wine and maketh the heart merry Some doe hold that the water helpeth to clense the face from spots and to adde some cleerenesse to the skinne CHAP. LVII Angelica Garden Angelica HAuing thus furnished you out a Kitchen Garden with all sorts of herbes roots fruits fit for it and for any mans priuate vse as I did at the first appropriate it let me a little transcend and for the profit vse of Country Gentlewomen and others furnish them with some few other herbes of the most especiall vse for those shall need them to be planted at hand in their Gardens to spend as occasion shall serue and first of Angelica Angelica hath great and long winged leaues made of many broade greene ones diuided one from another vpon the stalk which is three foot long or better somtimes among which rise vp great thicke and hollow stalkes with some few ioynts whereat doth alwayes stand two long leaues compassing the stalke at the bottome in some places at the ioynts spring out other stalkes or branches bearing such like leaues but smaller and at the tops very large vmbels of white flowers that turne into whitish seede somewhat thicke the roote groweth great with many branches at it but quickly perisheth after it hath borne seede to preserue the roote therefore the better they vse to cut it often in the yeare thereby to hinder the
these diuersities euerie yeare growing vpon it the fruit is of a very red colour and good taste The great Rose Cherry or double blossomd Cherry differeth not in anything from the English Cherrie but only in the blossomes which are very thicke of white leaues as great and double as the double white Crowfoote before remembred and somtimes out of the middle of them will spring another smaller flower but double also this seldome beareth fruit but when it doth I suppose it commeth from those blossomes are the least double and is red no bigger then our ordinary English cherrie The lesser Rose or double blossomd Cherrie beareth double flowers also but not so thicke and double as the former but beareth fruit more plentifully of the same colour and bignesse with the former The Dwarfe Cherrie is of two sorts one whose branches fall downe low round about the body of it with small greene leaues and fruit as small of a deep red colour The other whose branches although small grow more vpright hauing greener shining leaues the fruit is little bigger then the former red also when it is ripe with a little point at the end both of them of a sweetith rellish but more sower The great bearing Cherry of Master Millen is a reasonable great red cherry bearing very plentifully although it bee planted against a North wall yet it will bee late ripe but of an indifferent sweet and good rellish The long finger Cherry is another small long red one being long round like a finger wherof it took the name this is not the Vrinall cherry before but differing from it The Vse of Cherries All these sorts of Cherries serue wholly to please the palate and are eaten at all times both before and after meales All Cherries are cold yet the sower more then the sweete and although the sweete doe most please yet the sower are more wholsome if there bee regard taken in the vsing The Agriot or sower Cherries are in France much vsed to bee dryed as is said before as Pruines are and so serue to ministred to be the sick in all hot diseases as feuers c. being both boyled in their drinkes and taken now and then of themselues which by reason of their tartnesse doe please the stomacke passing well The Gum of the Cherrie tree is commended to bee good for those are troubled with the grauell or stone It is also good for the cough being dissolued in liquour and stirreth vp an appetite The distilled water of the blacke Cherries the stones being broken among them is vsed for the same purpose for the grauell stone and winde CHAP. XIII Prunus The Plumme tree THere are many more varieties of Plummes then of Cherries so that I must follow the same order with these that I did with them euen giue you their names apart with briefe notes vpon them and one description to serue for all the rest And in this recitall I shall leaue out the Apricockes which are certainly a kind of Plum of an especiall difference and not of a Peach as Galen and some others haue thought and set them in a chapter by themselues and only in this see down those fruits are vsually called Plums The Plum tree especially diuers of them riseth in time to bee a reasonable tall and great tree whose bodie and greater armes are couered with a more rugged barke yet in some more or lesse the younger branches being smooth in all the leaues are somewhat rounder then those of the Cherrie tree and much differing among themselues some being longer or larger or rounder then others and many that are exercised herein can tell by the leafe what Plum the tree beareth I speake this of many not of all as in many Cherries they can doe the like the flowers are white consisting of fiue leaues the fruit is as variable in forme as in taste or colour some being ovall or Peare fashion or Almond like or sphericall or round some firme some soft and waterish some sweete some sower or harsh or differing from all these tastes and some white others blacke some red others yellow some purple others blew as they shall bee briefly set downe vnto you in the following lines where I meane not to insert any the wilde or hedge fruit but those only are fit for an Orchard to be stored with good fruit and of all which sorts the choysest for goodnesse and rarest for knowledge are to be had of my very good friend Master Iohn Tradescante who hath wonderfully laboured to obtaine all the rarest fruits hee can heare off in any place of Christendome Turky yea or the whole world as also with Master Iohn Millen dwelling in Olde streete who from Iohn Tradescante and all others that haue had good fruit hath stored himselfe with the best only and he can sufficiently furnish any The Amber Primordian Plumme is an indifferent faire Plumme early ripe of a pale yellowish colour and of a waterish taste not pleasing The red Primordian Plumme is of a reasonable size long and round reddish on the outside of a more dry taste and ripe with the first sorts in the beginning of August The blew Primordian is a small plumme almost like the Damascene and is subiect to drop off from the tree before it be ripe The white Date Plum is no very good plum The red Date plumme is a great long red pointed plumme and late ripe little better then the white The blacke Mussell plumme is a good plumme reasonable drye and tasteth well The red Mussell Plumme is somewhat flat as well as round of a very good taste and is ripe about the middle of August The white Mussell plumme is like the redde but somewhat smaller and of a whitish greene colour but not so well tasted The Imperiall plum is a great long reddish plum very waterish and ripeneth somewhat late The Gaunt plum is a great round reddish plum ripe somewhat late and eateth waterish The red Pescod plum is a reasonable good plum The white Pescod plum is a reasonable good rellished plumme but somewhat waterish The greene Pescod plum is a reasonable big and long pointed plum and ripe in the beginning of September The Orenge plum is a yellowish plum moist and somewhat sweetish The Morocco plumme is blacke like a Damson well tasted and somewhat drye in eating The Dine plum is a late ripe plum great and whitish speckled all ouer The Turkie plum is a large long blackish plum and somewhat flat like the Mussell plum a well rellished dry plum The Nutmeg plumme is no bigger then a Damson and is of a greenish yellow colour when it is ripe which is with vs about Bartholmew tide and is a good plum The Perdigon plumme is a dainty good plumme early blackish and well rellished The Verdoch plum is a great fine greene shining plum fit to preserue The Ienua plum is the white Date plum before remembred The Barberry plum is a great early blacke plum and well tasted The
here set downe but vse the helpe of some friends and therefore if it happen that the seuerall names doe not answer vnto seuerall sorts but that the same fruit may bee called by one name in one Country that is called by another elsewhere excuse it I pray you for in such a number such a fault may escape vnknowne The Apple tree for the most part is neyther very high great or straight but rather vsually boweth and spreadeth although in some places it groweth fairer and straighter then in others hauing long and great armes or boughes and from them smaller branches whereon doe grow somewhat broade and long greene leaues nicked about the edges the flowers are large and white with blush coloured sides consisting of fiue leaues the fruit as I said is of diuers formes colours and tastes and likewise of a very variable durabilitie for some must be eaten presently after they are gathered and they are for the most part the earliest ripe others will abide longer vpon the trees before they bee fit to be gathered some also will be so hard when others are gathered that they will not be fit to be eaten for one two or three months after they bee gathered and some will abide good but one two or three moneths and no more and some will be best after a quarter or halfe a yeares lying vnto the end of that yeare or the next The Paradise or dwarfe Apple tree groweth nothing so high as the former and many times not much higher then a man may reach hauing leaues and flowers altogether like the other the fruit is a faire yellow Apple and reasonable great but very light and spongy or loose and of a bitterish sweet taste nothing pleasant And these faults also are incident vnto this tree that both bodie and branches are much subiect vnto cancker which will quickely eate it round and kill it besides it will haue many bunches or tuberous swellings in many places which grow as it were scabby or tough and will soone cause it to perish the roote sendeth forth many shootes and suckâ—rs whereby it may be much increased But this benefit may be had of it to recompence the former faults That being a dwarfe Tree whatsoeuer fruit shall bee grafted on it will keepe the graft low like vnto it selfe and yet beare fruit reasonable well And this is a pretty way to haue Pippins Pomewaters or any other sort of Apples as I haue had my selfe and also seene with others growing low that if any will they may make a hedge rowe of these low fruits planted in an Orchard all along by a walke side but take this Caueat if you will auoide the danger of the cancker and knots which spoile the tree to graft it hard vnto the ground that therby you may giue as little of the nature of the stock thereunto as possibly you can which wil vndoubtedly help it very much The kindes or sorts of Apples The Summer pippin is a very good apple first ripe and therefore to bee first spent because it will not abide so long as the other The French pippin is also a good fruit and yellow The Golding pippin is the greatest and best of all sorts of pippins The Russet pippin is as good an apple as most of the other sorts of pippins The spotted pippin is the most durable pippin of all the other sorts The ordinary yellow pippin is like the other and as good for indeed I know no sort of pippins but are excellent good well rellished fruites The great pearemaine differeth little either in taste or durabilitie from the pippin and therefore next vnto it is accounted the best of all apples The summer pearemaine is of equall goodnesse with the former or rather a little more pleasing especially for the time of its eating which will not bee so long lasting but is spent and gone when the other beginneth to be good to eate The Russetting is also a firme and a very good apple not so waterish as the pippin or pearemaine and will last the best part of the year but will be very mellow at the last or rather halfe dryed The Broading is a very good apple The Pomewater is an excellent good and great whitish apple full of sap or moisture somewhat pleasant sharpe but a little bitter withall it will not last long the winter frosts soone causing it to rot and perish The Flower of Kent is a faire yellowish greene apple both good and great The Gilloflower apple is a fine apple and finely spotted The Marligo is the same that is called the Marigold apple it is a middle sized apple very yellow on the outside shadowed ouer as it were with red and more red on one side a reasonable well rellished fruit The Blandrill is a good apple The Dauie Gentle is a very good apple The Gruntlin is somewhat a long apple smaller at the crowne then at the stalke and is a reasonable good apple The gray Costerd is a good great apple somewhat whitish on the outside and abideth the winter The greene Costerd is like the other but greener on the outside continually The Haruy apple is a faire great goodly apple and very well rellished The Dowse apple is a sweetish apple not much accounted of The Pome-paris is a very good apple The Belle boon of two sorts winter and summer both of them good apples and fair fruit to look on being yellow and of a meane bignesse The pound Royall is a very great apple of a very good and sharpe taste The Doues Bill a small apple The Deusan or apple Iohn is a delicate fine fruit well rellished when it beginneth to be fit to be eaten and endureth good longer then any other apple The Master William is greater then a pippin but of no very good rellish The Master Iohn is a better tasted apple then the other by much The Spicing is a well tasted fruite Pome de Rambures all faire and good apples brought from France Pome de Capanda all faire and good apples brought from France Pome de Calual all faire and good apples brought from France The Queene apple is of two sorts both of them great faire red apples and well rellished but the greater is the best The Bastard Queene apple is like the other for forme and colour but not so good in taste some call this the bardfield Queening The Boughton or greening is a very good and well tasted apple The Leathercoate apple is a good winter apple of no great bignesse but of a very good and sharpe taste The Pot apple is a plaine Country apple The Cowsnout is no very good fruit The Gildiling apple is a yellow one not much accounted The Cats head apple tooke the name of the likenesse and is a reasonable good apple and great The Kentish Codlin is a faire great greenish apple very good to eate when it is ripe but the best to coddle of all other apples The Stoken apple is a reasonable good
height in many places with a great straight bodie couered with a grayish greene barke the younger branches are set round about with very narrow long whitish greene leaues which fall away from the elder but abide on the younger being both winter and summer alwaies greene It hath growing in sundry places on the branches certaine great hard wooddy clogs called of some apples of others nuts composed of many hard wooddy scales or tuberous knobs which abide for the most part alwaies greene in our Countrey and hardly become brownish as in other Countries where they haue more heat and comfort of the Sun and where the scales open themselues wherein are contained white long and round kernels very sweete while they are fresh but quickely growing oylely and rancide The Vse of the Pine apples and kernels The Cones or Apples are vsed of diuers Vintners in this City being painted to expresse a bunch of grapes whereunto they are very like and are hung vp in their bushes as also to fasten keyes vnto them as is seene in many places The kernels within the hard shels while they are fresh or newly taken out are vsed many waies both with Apothecaries Comfit-makers and Cookes for of them are made medicines good to lenifie the pipes and passages of the lungs and throate when it is hoarse Of them are made Comfits Pastes Marchpanes and diuers other such like And with them a cunning Cooke can make diuers Keck shoses for his Masters table Matthiolus commendeth the water of the greene apples distilled to take away the wrinkles in the face to abate the ouer-swelling breasts of Maidens by fomenting them after with linnen clothes wet in the water and to restore such as are rauisht into better termes 4. Abies The Firre tree THe Firre tree groweth naturally higher then any other tree in these parts of Christendome where no Cedars grow and euen equalling or ouer-topping the Pine the stemme or bodie is bare without branches for a great height if they bee elder trees and then branching forth at one place of the bodie foure wayes in manner of a crosse those boughes againe hauing two branches at euery ioynt on which are set on all sides very thicke together many small narrow long hard whitish greene leaues and while they are young tending to yellownesse but nothing so long or hard or sharpe pointed as the Pine tree leaues growing smaller and shorter to the end of the branches the bloomings are certaine small long scaly catkins of a yellowish colour comming forth at the ioynts of the branches which fall away the cones are smaller and longer then of the Pine tree wherein are small three square seede contained not halfe so big as the Pine kernels The Vse of the Firre tree The vse of this tree is growne with vs of late daies to bee more frequent for the building of houses then euer before for hereof namely of Deale timber and Deale boords are framed many houses and their floores without the helpe of any other timber or boord of any other tree almost as also for many other workes and purposes The yellow Rossen that is vsed as well to make salues as for many other common vses is taken from this tree as the Pitch is both from the Pitch and Pine trees and is boyled to make it to bee hard but was at the first a yellow thin cleere Turpentine and is that best sort of common Turpentine is altogether in vse with vs as also another more thicke whitish and troubled both which are vsed in salues both for man and beast but not inwardly as the cleere white Venice Turpentine is and serueth both to draw cleanse and heale Dodonaeus seemeth to say that the cleere white Turpentine called Venice Turpentine is drawn from the Firre but Matthiolus confuteth that opinion which Fulsius also held before him 5. Ilex arbor The euer-greene Oake THe Ilex or euer-greene Oake riseth in time to be a very great tree but very long and slow in growing as is to be seene in the Kings priuy Garden at Whitehall growing iust against the backe gate that openeth into the way going to Westminster and in some other places spreading many fair large great armes and branches whereon are set small and hard greene leaues somewhat endented or cornered and 1 Piaus The Pine tree 2 Abies The Firre tree 3 Ilex The euer greene Oake 4 Cupressus The Cipresse tree 5 Arbutus The Strawberry tree 6 Alaternus The euer greene Priuet prickly on the edges especially in the young trees and sometimes on those branches that are young and newly sprung forth from the elder rootes but else in a manner all smooth in the elder growne abiding greene all the winter as well as summer and are of a grayish greene on the vnderside It beareth in the spring time certaine slender long branches like as other Okes doe with small yellowish mossie flowers on them which fall away and are vnprofitable the acornes not growing from those places but from others which are like vnto those of our ordinary Oake but smaller and blacker and set in a more rugged huske or cuppe This and no other kinde of Ilex doe I know to grow in all our land in any Garden or Orchard for that kind with long and narrower leaues and not prickly growing so plentifully as Matthiolus saith in Tuscane I haue not seen and it is very probable to bee the same that Plinie remembreth to haue the leafe of an Oliue but not as some would haue it that Smilax Theophrastus maketh mention of in his third Booke and sixteenth Chapter of his Historie of Plants which the Arcadians so called and had the leafe of the Ilex but not prickly for Theophrastus saith the timber of Smilax is smooth and soft and this of the Ilex is harder and stronger then an Oake The Vse of the Ilex or euer-greene Oake Seeing this is to be accounted among the kindes of Oake and all Oakes by Dioscorides his opinion are binding it is also of the same qualitie but a little weaker and may serue to strengthen weake members The young tops and leaues are also vsed in gargles for the mouth and throate 6 Cupressus The Cypresse tree THe Cypresse tree that is noursed vp by vs in our Country doth grow in those places where it hath beene long planted to a very great height whose bodie and boughes are couered with a reddish ash-coloured bark the branches grow not spreading but vpright close vnto the bodie bushing thicke below and small vpwards spire fashion those below reaching neere halfe the way to them aboue whereon doe grow euer greene leaues small long and flat of a resinous sweete smell and strong taste somewhat bitter the fruit which are called nuts grow here and there among the boughes sticking close vnto them which are small and clouen into diuers parts but close while they are young of a russetish browne colour wherein are contained small browne seede but not so small as motes in the