Selected quad for the lemma: master_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
master_n	call_v	lord_n	word_n	2,792	4	4.2711	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69788	The history of Poland. vol. 1 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5888; ESTC R8630	202,052	410

Countries has been always ●●o improve my self in what related pecu●●iarly to the Practice of Physick and to Natural Knowledg yet for my own Satisfaction and Curiosity I was desirous to be in●●ormed further both from the Natives themselves and their Historians of the true State and Origin of this vast Kingdom I found that Poland has met with the same Fate with most other Countries that is to be little known from its Minority For when this Monarchy was first founded by Lechus there were no Learned Men to hand down to Posterity by their Writings the true State thereof from ●●ts Infancy but what small Account there is extant of it was written some Ages after Wherefore not having besides been a twelve-month in that Kingdom I cannot presume to give that satisfaction which perhaps your Lordship might otherwise expect from the discourse I lately had with you yet I can securely assert that the following Relation of the Origin of that Country is drawn out of its most authentick Historians POLAND by the Romans call'd Sar●●natia Europaea came to be a distinct Nation and to be govern'd by Elective Princes much about the Middle of the Sixth Century sometime after that the Goths and Vandals had ravag'd the South parts of Europe and abandon'd their own bleak Northern Habitations to establish themselves in warmer Regions Italy France Spain and Africk which gave occasion to the Sclavonians as Sabellicus Thuanus and other Authors have it to quit the Cimmerian Bosphorus or Straits of Caffa Great Sarmatia and Great Russia or Moscovy to inhabit those desolate Countries Afterwards this People dividing themselves into two considerable Bodies one pass'd the Danube and settled in Dalmatia Istria Bosnia Carynthia Bulgaria as far as Greece and in some part of Germany while the other under the Conduct of three Brothers Lechus Cechus and Russus turn'd towards the North to possess themselves of those Provinces which the Goths and Vandals had forsaken These Brothers are said to have built Bremen in Germany so naming it from a Sclavonian Word signifying a Burden because they had there as one may say laid down their Burden and were in great measure freed from their former Miseries These Princes likewise divided their Followers into three Parties whereof one commanded by Cechus settled in that Kingdom which lies between Poland and Germany now call'd Bohemia the other headed by Lechus fix'd in the lower part of Great Sarmatia a Flat and Champain Country whence the Natives have since call'd it Polska from the Sclavonian word Pole which either signifies Plainness or Hunting and the Germans Poland or Even-Ground Hartknoch is of Opinion that Poland was an antient Name of Sarmatia in the time of Ptolomey before the Poles inhabited this Champain Country which it might have taken from the Bulani or Bolani that are said to have settled near the Vistula and to have come from Sarmatia The third Brother Russus establish'd himself in that Province of Poland which is now call'd from his Name Russia Not only the Testimony of Authentick Writers but also our own Reason will convince us that all these Nations have originally been the same which may appear by their Languages being but as so many Dialects of one Mother-Tongue the Sclavonian which is now spoke in more Countries than any Language of Europe Here Lechus had no great need of Force to establish himself he met with but little resistance all this Country having been left desolate for some time before by the Vandals Only Regulus a German Prince is said to have oppos d him at first and to have challeng'd him but was soon vanquish'd by him in a Duel whereby he became Master of Pomerania which was then Regulus his Country In these days there were no Cities in Poland no Money was yet known nor any Laws writ such as they had being only pronounc'd by their Princes Mouths and handed down by Tradition to the People Princes were then rather Fathers of Families than Lords and Masters and their Revenue consisted only in a moderate Imposition on their Subjects Labour Lechus my Lord settled in that great Province which joins the State of Brandenburg since call'd Posnania where he built the first City naming it Gnesna from the Sclavonian word Gniazdo which in that Language signifies a Nest and this because that where it was building a Tree was cut down which had an Eagle's Nest on the Top of it which Lechus taking for a good Omen not only call'd his City Gnesna and made it the Metropolis of his Kingdom but also order'd that the Arms of Poland should for ever after be a Spread-Eagle which has so continu'd even down to this day He likewise built another City in a Wood eight Miles from the former which he nam'd Posnania by the present Inhabitants call'd Posnan signifying in the Polish Tongue Knowledg because he there met and knew his Brother Cechus Prince of Bohemia after above twenty years absence This City gave occasion for naming the Province Posnania In Memory of Lechus to this day the Poles stile their Country in their Poems Lechia and Mr. Mountague North who liv'd for sometime at Constantinople has lately told me that the Turks call a Polander in their Language Lech making the Poles likewise derive their Name from their Founder Tho my Lord this Lechus brought that People under a kind of Monarchical Government yet neither he nor any of his Successors could ever so far prevail upon them as to make the Succession Hereditary they having continued Elective for above Eleven hundred years always reserving a full Power and Authority to themselves of choosing whom they pleas'd for their King Nevertheless it is to be observ'd that they have still hitherto elected one of the Royal Family where the deceas'd King had any Issue left except in this present Election which is like to go otherwise I find by their Chronicles that not so much as a Daughter has been excluded when there has been no Son However they always thought fit to acquaint 'em at the time of their Election that they were not to attribute their Accession to the Throne to any Right contracted from their Parents but were altogether oblig'd to the Senate and Gentry for putting that Scepter into their hands Hereby they intimated how much their Kings were indebted to 'em and what Necessity they lay under to behave themselves well towards a People that were pleas'd to raise 'em to a Supreme Dignity which they had no better Claim to than the meanest Gentleman in the Kingdom They acquainted them likewise that they thought themselves no longer oblig'd to pay them Obedience than that they kept to their Oaths And moreover they always reserv'd to themselves a Right of deposing them whenever they violated their Laws This Maxim has hitherto prov'd very beneficial to the Poles for enlarging their Country and maintaining their Privileges and might well have

besieg'd Friends when meeting with Conrade who came to oppose him near the River Raba he entirely routed him and forc'd him back again into his own Country This hapned about the Year 1285. This Prince dy'd and was bury'd in the Monastery of the Trinity at Cracow Lescus the VI. leaving no Children his Kingdom consequently fell into great Distractions for Vladislaus Locticus his Brother seiz'd on the Palatinate of Siradia and Boleslaus Duke of Ploskow Brother to Conrade Duke of Masovia on the Palatinates of Cracovia and Sendomir but this latter was soon dispossess'd by HENRY Duke of Breslaw surnam'd the Honest of the Family of Piastus in the Year 1290 who was likewise not long after turn'd out by Locticus but soon restor'd and reign'd in quality of King for the space of five Years tho I do not read he was crown'd He appointed Premislus Duke of Great Poland for his Successor being of the Family of Piastus likewise This Premislus also had the Province of Pomerania left him by Miescingus Prince of that Country PREMISLUS in the thirty eighth Year of his Age was crown'd King at Gnesna by James Swinka Archbishop of that City in the Year 1296 which was an Honour that had not been done to any Prince of Poland before for above two hundred Years since Boleslaus the Bold kill'd Stanislaus at the Altar but Premislus did not long enjoy this Title for seven Months after his Coronation he is said to have been murder'd by some Brandenburg Emissaries that Marquess being afraid of this King who was Master of Pomerania which join'd to his Country He was bury'd among his Predecessors at Posnan After the Murder of King Premislus ULADISLAUS LOCTICUS so call'd from the word Lokiec an Ell having his Name from his low Stature Brother of Lescus the Black was chosen in the Year 1296 and reign'd only four Years He went upon an Expedition against the Silesians that were enclin'd to assist the Bohemians against him who then pretended a Right to the Kingdom of Poland These Locticus subdu'd and having considerably ravag'd their Country return'd home where he afterwards gave himself up to a lewd and debauch'd Life insomuch that he neglected the care of all Publick Business and minded nothing but his own private Pleasures These his intolerable Vices brought upon him the Ill-will of his Subjects insomuch that after three years Reign they pronounc'd him unworthy of the Scepter and resolv'd to elect another Hereupon Locticus being dethron'd they invite WINCESLAUS King of Bohemia to accept their Crown who was marry'd to Rixa Daughter of King Premislus and crown'd King of Poland in the Year 1300 but reign'd only to 1305. After he came to reign he persecuted Locticus who hid himself for some time but was forc'd at last to quit the Kingdom When Winceslaus thus saw himself secure at home by the flight of Locticus and after having put Bohemian Garisons into the several Cities of Poland which seem'd very uneasy to that Nation he thought it high time to go and settle Affairs in Bohemia During this Vladislaus Locticus having a considerable Party in the Kingdom which daily encreas'd on account of discontent against Winceslaus and having got together several Troops out of Hungary he march'd directly towards Poland hearing that the Bohemian Government was somewhat burdensom to that Nation At first Locticus had considerable Advantage over the Bohemians but by the Death of Winceslaus which followed soon after he had all the Success he could desire for the Bohemians who had possession of the Garisons finding themselves in a strange Country and moreover hated and ill thought on by the People were afraid of an Insurrection against 'em and therefore made no great difficulty of surrendring to Locticus all those Cities and Towns they had possession of as Cracow Sendomir c. In the mean time young Winceslaus coming with an Army to dispute his Father's Kingdom with Locticus was murder'd in the Expedition 't is thought by Orders of the Emperour Albert and since his time the Bohemians have ever been govern'd by foreign Princes Winceslaus King of Poland and Bohemia dy'd and was bury'd at Prague in the Year 1305. After the Death both of Winceslaus the Father and Son Vladislaus Locticus was restor'd almost by common Consent in the Year 1305 and reign'd to the Year 1333. And this they did either because they thought he had had time to repent and mend his former Life or by reason they were afraid of Civil Wars if they should elect any other Notwithstanding the Palatinates of Posnania and Kalisch having a fresh Memory of his past dissolute Life would never acknowledg him their King Also the Governour of Pomerania which then belong'd to Poland being brib'd by the Marquess of Brandenburg deliver'd up to him all the Cities of that Province as likewise the City of Dantzic except the Castle which the Governour thereof one Bogussa being truly loyal to his King would by no means surrender In these days the Knights of the Teutonic Order were fully settled in Prussia being both very Strong and very Rich. They were establish'd there by Agreement with Conrade Brother to King Vladislaus Lasconogus for assisting him against the Prussians when he was oppress'd by them They there built some years before the City of Marienburg appointed for Residence of their Great Masters Here Locticus was oblig'd to crave their Aid against the Rebels of Pomerania and Dantzic which they readily granted on condition that half the Garison of the Castle of Dantzic should be of their Troops by which means they soon became Masters of the whole for they afterwards not only turn'd the Poles out of the Castle but both Brandenburghers and Pomeranians out of the City of Dantzic it self and likewise under pretence of assisting the King of Poland conquer'd all Pomerania for themselves when being Masters thereof they offer'd to buy the Title of Locticus for Money which he refus'd Then they offer'd the same Summ to the Marquess of Brandenburg to renounce his Right to that Province which he tho he had no Title to sell yet was wise enough to accept their Prosser The Poles were very sensible of all these Affronts and Injustices offer'd 'em by the Teutonic Order but before they proceeded to Revenge they thought it advisable to acquaint the Pope therewith who liv'd then at Avignon who after four years Delays and Debates order'd the Knights to give due fatisfaction to the Poles but they having had four years respit to fortify themselves and to make strong Alliances with some Neighbouring Princes and besides having a very considerable Army on foot answer'd his Holiness That they had often done great Services for Poland that that Kingdom ow'd them Sums of Money and that they presum'd that not only the Lands they were in possession of in Prussia and Pomerania

and is divided into two Districts Viz. The Districts of Chelm and Crasnistaw In both which are these Cities and Towns Viz. Chelm Bish Cap. Crasnistaw Zamoisk Ratno Lynbowlya Rozana Vlodavia Scebresin Turobin Tamogrod Tomasow and Ctesow The Capital of all which is Chelm a small City defended with a Castle the Outworks whereof are made of Wood. It lies about ten Miles from Lublin to the East twenty four from Premistaw to the North and twelve from Belsko It has been sack'd and burnt by the Muscovites and Tartars during the late Wars which occasion'd the Residence of its Bishop to be translated to Crasnistaw Nevertheless an Oriental or Russian Bishop still resides there Crasnistaw a wall'd Town upon the River Vepre where the Bishop of Chelm at present has his Residence in a Palace of modern Architecture Near this place the Arch-Duke Maximilian when he came with an Army to seize the Crown of Poland was shamefully repuls'd by John Zamoiski who immediately afterwards built a Town in that Neighbourhood calling it after his own Name Zamoisk well defended by high Walls deep Ditches and other strong Fortifications after the modern Manner He likewise built a fair Cathedral here and enrich'd it with all manner of Necessaries also a noble Academy furnish'd with Learned Masters from the famous University of Cracow This Person was so great a favourer of Learning that not only Zamoisk but also several other Places of the Province of Russia found the Effects of his Bounty Ratno a wooden Town built among the Marshes with a Castle wash'd by the River Perepet on one side and defended on the other by a Bog and the Niester It lies bout twenty four Miles from Chelm Lynbowlya a Town upon the Bug with a tolerably fortify'd Castle The Senators of this Palatinate are The Bishop and Castellan of Chelm The Standard or Arms of this Palatinate are a Bear Argent passant between three Trees proper in a Field Or. The Fifth PROVINCE of this Kingdom is Masovia situate almost in the Heart of the Kingdom of Poland and bounded on the North by Prussia on the East by Lithuania on the South by Upper Poland and on the West by Lower Poland It was formerly govern'd by its own Princes but in the Year 1526 by the Death of its Dukes John and Stanislaus that Dutchy fell to the Kings of Poland The Inhabitants hereof are generally Warlike They speak the same Language with the Poles only they differ in some few guttural Accents Their Manners Habits and Religion are much the same This Province is divided into three Palatinates which are The Palatinates of Masovia properly so call'd Ploczkow and Dobrina The first Palatinate of this Province is that of Masovia properly so call'd which in spiritual Matters is subject only to the Bishop of Posnan but in Temporal is divided into twelve Districts viz. The Districts of Warsaw Wisna Cyrna Zembrow Nuren Wissegrod Zakrow Cickanow Lombze Rozan Makow and Liw In all which the principal Cities and Towns are those of the same Name with the Districts adding moreover these following viz. Pultovia Czerniensk Czersko Akroczim Varka Blonye Pultowsko Tarcin Grodzyec Prasniz Garvolinia Vengrovia Stanislanovia Broc Viskow and Seroicz The chief City of all which and Metropolis of the Province is Warsaw defended with a Castle Wall and Ditch seated in a Plain in the very Center of the Kingdom and therefore pitch'd upon for the convening of the Diet. It lies upon the River Vistula in the 43 d degree of Longitude and 52 of Latitude and is divided into four Parts viz. The Old and New Town with The Suburbs of Cracow and Prag This City is adorn'd with divers stately Piles of Buildings particularly a spacious four-square Palace founded by Sigismund III. and much improv'd by his Successors where the Kings of Poland most commonly reside Opposite to this on the other side of the River stands another Royal Palace in the middle of delightful Groves and Gardens built by Vladislaus VII and call'd by the Name of Viasdow where the States or Diet of Poland formerly us'd to sit and debate the most important Affairs of the Kingdom There is moreover the Palace of King John Casimir as likewise a very stately one built by Count Morstin Great Treasurer of Poland Also a League from this City King John Sobieski built a neat Country Palace by the Name of Villa Nova The other Publick Edifices are no less remarkable being the Church of St. John Baptist where Secular Canons officiate the Arsenal Castle Market-place c. Divers kinds of Merchandizes are convey'd hither along a River from the neighbouring Provinces and from hence carried to Dantzic to be transported into Foreign Countries In the Suburbs of Cracow is a small Chappel built on purpose for the Burial of John Demetrius Suski Great Duke of Muscovy who died Prisoner in the Castle of Gostinin together with his two Brothers This City was taken by the Swedes in the Year 1655 and is scarce three Polish Miles distant from Lesser Poland about twenty four from Lanschet as many North-East of Lublin twenty nine South-East of Thorn thirty to the North from Sendomir thirty three West of Gnesna and forty to the North-East from Cracow and Posnan Wisna a Town in a Plain near the River Narew with a Castle upon an adjoining Hill Wissegrod a Wooden Town built in a Plain near the Vistula with a considerable Castle It lies about twelve Miles from Warsaw Ciekanow about the same distance from Warsaw being a Town built in a Plain likewise with a Castle among the Marshes Lombze a large City upon the navigable River Narew consisting of fair Buildings and about twenty Miles from Warsaw Rozan a Town built in a Plain near the River Narew Liw a Timber-built Town with a Castle founded on the Banks of the River Liwijecz Pultovia famous for being the Residence of the Bishop of Plosko It is a Town built with Brick with a good Castle and some other tolerable Edifices Czerniensk a large Wooden Town built on the Vistula Akroczim a Wooden Town likewise seated on the Vistula with a Castle It is about eight Miles from Warsaw Varka a large Town built in a Plain near the River Pilza and about eight Miles from Warsaw another way Blonye a Town about four Miles from Warsaw Pultowsko a Wall'd Town with a Castle situate on the River Narew Tarcin a Timber-built Town about five Miles from Warsaw Grodzyec about seven Miles from Warsaw and two from Tarcin Prasniz a large Town intermix'd with a great many fair Stone Edifices The Senators of this Palatinate are The Palatine of Masovia The Castellans of Cyrna Warsaw Wisna Wissegrod Zakrow Ciekanow and Liw The Arms or Standard of this Palatinate are an Eagle expanded Argent in a Field