Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
master_n	able_a	great_a	lord_n	449	4	3.3773	3	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12121	A treatise of schemes [and] tropes very profytable for the better vnderstanding of good authors, gathered out of the best grammarians [and] oratours by Rychard Sherry Londoner. Whervnto is added a declamacion, that chyldren euen strapt fro[m] their infancie should be well and gently broughte vp in learnynge. Written fyrst in Latin by the most excellent and famous clearke, Erasmus of Roterodame.	Sherry, Richard, ca. 1506-ca. 1555.; Erasmus, Desiderius, d. 1536. De pueris statim ac liberaliter instituendis. English. aut	1550 (1550)	STC 22428; ESTC S111062	82,560	238

horne in hys nose naturall enemye to the Elephant Tragelaphus a goate hart Onocrotalus a byrd lyke to a swaÌ„ whyche puttyng hys head into the water brayeth lyke an asse an asse of Iude and an Elephant The table maye haue an Elephant whom a Dragon claspeth harde aboute wrapping in his former feete with his tayle The litle chyld laugheth at the syght of thys straunge paintynge what shall the master do then He shall shewe him that ther is a greate beaste called in Greeke an Elephante and in Latine lykewyse saue that sometyme it is declined after the latine fashion He shall shewe that that whyche the grekes cal proboscida or his snout the latines call his hande because wyth that he reacheth hys meate He shall tell hym that that beaste doth not take breath at the mouthe as we do but at the snoute thaâ— he hath teth standyng out on bothe sides and they be iuory which rich meÌ„ set much price by and therwith shal shew hym an iuory combe Afterwardes he shall declare that in Iude ther be dragons as greate as they And that dragon is bothe a greke worde and a latine also saue that the grekes saye dracontes in the genitiue case He shall shewe that naturallie betwyxte the dragons and the Elephantes is great fyghte And if the chylde be somewhat gredy of learnynge he maye rehearse manye other thynges of the nature of Elephantes and dragons Manye reioyse to see huntinges paynted Here howe manye kyndes of trees hearbes byrdes foure footed beastes maye he lerne and playe I wyll not holde you longe wyth examples seynge it is easye by one to coniecture all The master shall be diligent in chosynge them oute and what he shall iudge moste pleasaunt to chyldren most meâ—e for them what they loue best and is most floryshyng that in especially let hym set before them The fyrste age lyke vnto the spring tyme standeth in pleasaunt sweete flowres and goodly grene herbes vntyl the heruest time of ripe mans age fyll the barne full of corne Then as it were agaynst reason in ver or springe tyme to seeke for a rype grape and a rose in autumne so muste the master marke what is mere for euerye age Mery and plesaunte thynges be conueniente for chyldehod howbeit all sourenesse and sadnes muste be cleane awaye from all studies And I am deceyued except the olde men ment that also whyche ascribed to the muses beynge virgins excellent bewtye harpe songes daunses and playes in the pleasaunt fieldes and ioyned to them as felowes the Ladies of loue and that increase of studies dyd stande specially in mutual loue of myndes and therefore the olde men called it the lernyng that perteined to man And ther is no cause why profite maye not folowe pleasure and honestie ioyned to delectacion For what letteth that they shulde not lerne eyther a proper fable arte of poets or a sentence or a notable prety hystorie or a learned tale as well as they lerne and can wythout boke a piâ—yshe songe and ofteÌ„times a baudy one to folishe old wiues tatlynges very trifâ—es of triflyng womeÌ„ What a suÌ„me of dreames vaine ryddels and vnprofitable trifâ—es of spirites hobgoblines fayries witches nightmares wood men and gyauntes how manye naughty lies how many euyll sayinges remember wee yea euen when we be men whych beyng lytle chyldreÌ„ we lerned of our dadies grauÌ„dmothers nurses maydens whyle they were spynnynge and heard theÌ„ when they kissed plaied wyth vs And what a profite shuld it haue bene to lernynge if in stede of these moste vaine garringes not only folyshe but also hurtfull wee had lerned those thynges that we rehearsed a litle before Thou wylt saye what lerned man wyll lowly hys wyt to these so small thynges Yet Aristotle hym selfe beynge so greate a philosopher was not greued to take vpon hym the office of a teacher to instruct Alexander Chiron fashioned the infancy of Achilles and Phenix succeded hym Hely the priest brought vp y e childe Samuell And ther be now a daies whych eyther for a lytle money or for theyr plesure take almost more payne in teachyng a pye or a popiniay There be some that for deuocions sake take vpon them iourneys that both be farre of and ieoperdeous and other laboures besyde almost intollerable Why dothe not holynes cause vs to do thys office seynge nothyng can please god better Howbeit in teachinge those thynges that we haue rehearsed the master must neyther be to much callyng vpon neither to sharpe but vse a continuaunce rather then be wythout measure Continuaunce hurteth not so it be mesurable spiced also wyth varietie and plesauÌ„tnes Finally if these thynges be so taught that imaginacioÌ„ of labour be awaye and that the chylde do thynk al thinges be done in playe Here the course of our talkyng putteth vs in remeÌ„braunce briefely to shewe by what meanes it maye be brought to passe that lernyng shuld waxe swete vnto the chylde which before we somwhat touched To be able to speake redely as I told you is easely gotten by vse After thys coÌ„meth the care to reade and write whyâ—h of it selfe is somwhat tedious but the griefe is taken awaye a great parte by the cuÌ„nyng handling of the master if it be sauced w t some pleasaunt aliurementes For you shall fynde some whych tarye long and take great paine in knowyng ioynynge their letters in those fyrst rudimeÌ„tes of grammer wheÌ„ they wyl quyckely lerne greater thyngs The yrkesoÌ„nes of these thinges must be holpeÌ„ by some pretie craft of the which y e old fathers haue shewed certeÌ„ fashions Some haue made the letters in sweete crustes and cakes that chyldren loue well thâ— so in manner they myghte eate vp their letters When they tell the letters name they geue the letter it selfe for a rewarde Other haue made the fashion of iuorie that the chylde shulde playe wyth them or if there were any other thyng wherin that age is specially delited The englyshe meÌ„ delyte principally in shotynge and teache it their chyldren fyrst of all wherfore a certen father that had a good quicke wyt perceiuinge his sonne to haue a greate pleasure in shotyng bought hym a prety bowe very fayr arrowes in al partes both of hys bowe arrowes were letters painted Afterwards in sted of markes he set vp the fashioÌ„ of letters fyrste of Greke and after of lateÌ„ when he hyt tolde the name of the letter besyde a greate reioysinge he had for a reward a cherye or some other thynge that chyldreÌ„ delyte in Of that playe commeth more fruite if two or thre matches playe together For then the hope of victorie and feare of rebuke maketh them to take more heede and to be more chereful By thys deuise it was broughte aboute that the chylde wythin a fewe dayes playynge had perfitely lerned to know sound all hys letters whych y e coÌ„moÌ„ sort of teachers be scarse able to brynge

long workes vse some of these fautes yet must not their examples be folowed nor brought into a coÌ„mon vsage of speakyng Barbarie and hys partes Barbarie is a faute whych turneth the speche froÌ„ his purenes and maketh it foule and rude and the partes be these Barbarismus is when a worde is either naughtely wrytten or pronouÌ„ced coÌ„trary to the ryght law maner of speakinge And it is done by addicion detraccioÌ„ chaunging transposynge eyther of a letter a syllable tyme accent or aspiracioÌ„ Hereof we haue shewed exampels partly wher they be called figures and partly doute ye not but both the speakynge and wrytyng of barbarouse men wyll gyue you mow Hytherto be referred the fautes of euil pronouncing certein letters of tomuch gapyng or contrarye of speakyng in the mouth Inconueniens structura is an vnmete and vnconuenient ioynynge together the partes of spech in construccion whych is maâ—ked by all thynges that belong to the partes of speche as when one paâ—â—e is put for another when gender for gender case for case tyme for tyme mode for mode number for number aduerbe for aduerbe preposicion for preposicioÌ„ whych because it is vsed of famous authores in stede of fautes be called figures Vertue Uertue or as we saye a grace dygnitye in speakynge the thyrde kynde of Scheme is when the sentence is bewtyfied and lyfte vp aboue the comen maner of speaking of the people Of it be two kyndes Proprietie and garnyshyng Proprietie and his partes Proprietie is when in wryting and pronunciacion ther be no fautes committed but thynges done as they shulde be The partes bee proposicion and accenting Proportio proporcion is whereby the maner of true wrytynge is conserued By thys the barbarous tonge is seperated from the verye true and naturall speche as be the fyne metals from the grosser To speke is no lawe but an obseruacion or markyng not leanyng vpoÌ„ cause but vpon example For in eloquence the iudgement of excelleÌ„t men standeth for reason as saythe Quintilian in hys fyrst boke Extensio is that wherby a swete and pleasaunt modulacion or tunablenes of wordes is kepte because some are spoken wyth a sharpe tenure or accent some wyth a flarre some strayned out This grace specially perteineth to a turnyng of y e voyce in pleasaunte pronunciacion Garnyshyng and his kyndes Garnishyng as the word it selfe declareth is wheÌ„ the oracioÌ„ is gaylye set oute and floryshed w t diuerse goodly figures causyng much pleasauntnes and delecracioÌ„ to the hearer and hath two kyndes composicion and exornacion Composicion is an apte settinge together of wordes whych causeth all the partes of an oracion to bâ—e trymmed al alyke And in it muste be considered that we so order our wordes that the sentence decrease not by puttynge a weaker word after a stronger but that it styl go vp warde and increase There is also a naturall order as to saye men women daye and nyght easte and weste rather then backewardes In thys muste be auoyded also to often comyng together of vowels which make the oracion wyde and gapyng To muche repetyng of all one letter in the beginnâ—ng of wordes to much repeting of one word and that they ende not to much all alyke that the sentence be not hold on to longe which werieth the hearer and the speaker nor that manye consonaÌ„tes run not to harshely together wyth many other which Cicero speaketh of in hys thyrde booke of hys oratour and Quintilian in hys nynth wherof here to put examples were to longe Exornacion is a fyne polyshinge of wordes and sentences by disseueryng theÌ„ w t diuerse goodly colours and tropes or chauÌ„gings of speach Tropes Emonge authors manye tymes vnder the name of figures Tropes also be comprehended Neuerthelesse ther is a notable difference betwixt theÌ„ In figure is no alteracion in the wordes froÌ„ their proper significacions but only is the oracion seÌ„tence made by theÌ„ more plesauÌ„t sharpe vehemeÌ„t after y e affeccioÌ„ of him that speketh or writeth to y e which vse although tropes also do serue yet properlye be they so called because in them for necessitye or garnyshynge there is a monynge and chaungynge of a worde and sentence from theyr owne significacioÌ„ into another whych may agre wyth it by a similitude The former parâ—es ben these Translatio translacion that is a worde translated from the thynge that it properlye signifieth vnto another whych may agre with it by a similitude And amonge all vertues of speche this is the chyefe None perswadeth more effecteouslye none sheweth the thyng before oure eyes more euidently none moueth more mightily the affeccions none maketh the oracioÌ„ more goodlye pleasaunt nor copious Translacions be diuerse Some froÌ„ the body to the mynd as I haue but lately tasted the Hebrue tonge for newely begunne it Also I smell where aboute you go for I perceyue From the reasonable to the vnresonable as Uyrgyll in hys Georgere applyed the counselles and fashion of warres belongynge to men to bees From the vnreasonable to the resonable What whinest thou what charterest thou That one taken of a wolfe that other of a pye From the liuinge to the not liuyng The mouthe of the well the fatnes of the earth The lande wyl spewe them oute From the not lyuynge to the liuyng Cicero florisheth in eloqueÌ„ce From the liuyng to the liuynge The iews winched against Moses From the not liuinge to the noâ— liuynge The wordes flowe oute of hys mouth He is good for a greue wounde Abusio when for a certeyne and proper worde we abuse a lyke or that is nie vnto it as when we say longe counsel lytle talke smal matter Here maye we soone perceyue that by abusion wee take wordes that be somwhat nye whych properly do belong to vnlyke thinges Transsumptio TranssuÌ„pcion is when by degrees we go to y t that is shewed as he hyd hym selfe in the blacke deâ—â—eâ— By blacke is vnderstande ful of darkenes consequently stepe downe and verye depe Metonomya Transnominacion when a worde that hathe a proper significacion of hys owne beynge referred to another thing hath another this is done diuerse waies When the chiefe master or doâ—r of a thyng is put for y e thing it self as Put vpon you the Lorde Iesus Christ. Also You play Iudas w t me When the place or that that coÌ„teineth is put for the thyng that is in it as All the round â—arthe prayseth God Oxforth some say hath not forsaken all popery for the studentes therin When that that is conteyned is put for that that doth conteine as The fryer Austens is goodly buylded for y e house wher y e fryers wer When the doer is put for that y t is done as God brought the Israelites out of Egypte wyth a stretched out arme and stronge hande Also Is gods hand drawen in for power and strength When y t is done is put for y e doer

chyld to beat the sides of an infant woldest thou not beleue that a bull were taught to y e plowgh or an asse to bear paniars and not a maÌ„ to vertue And what rewarde doth he promise vs That he grope not after other meÌ„nes dores He is afeard lest his son shulde be poore as the greateste of all mischiefe What is more coldly spoken then thys sentence Let gentle admonicion be oure rodde and sometyme chydyng also but sauced wyth mekenes not bitternes Let vs vse thys whyp continuallye in our chyldren y t beyng wel brought vp they maye haue at home a meanes to lyue well and not be coÌ„pelled to begge counsell at their neighbours how to do their busines Licon the philosopher hath shewed .ii sharpe spurres to quicken vp chyldrens wyttes shame and prayse shame is the feare of a iust reproch prayse is the norysher of all verteous actes wyth these prickes lette vs quicken our chyldrens wyttes â–ª Also if you wyl I wyl shewe you a club to beate their sides wythall Continuall labour vanquysheth all thynges sayth the best of al poetes Let vs wake let vs prycke theÌ„ forwardes styl call vpon them by requitinge repetynge and often teachyng Wyth this club let vs beate the sydes of our infantes Fyrst let them lerne to loue and maruell at vertue and lernyng to abhor sinne and ignorance Let them hear some praysed for theyr well doinges and some rebuked for their euyl Let examples be brought in of those men to whom lernyng hath gotteÌ„ hygh glorye ryches dignitie and authoritie And againe of them to whom their euyll condicions wyc wythout all lernyng hath brought infamie contempt pouertye and myschiefe These verely be the clubbes meete for christians that make disciples of Iesu. And if we caÌ„not profite by monicions nor prayers neyther by emulacion nor shame nor prayse nor by other meanes euen the chastenyng w t the rod if it so require ought to be gentle honeste For euen thys that the bodies of geÌ„tle children shulde be made bare is a kind of despite Howbeit Fabius vtterly coÌ„demneth al y e custume to beate gentle chyldreÌ„ Some maÌ„ wil saye what shall be done to them if they can not be driuen to â—â—udy but by stripes I answer rouÌ„dly what wold ye do to asses or to oxen if thei went to schole Woldest thou not driue them in to the contrey put the one to the backhouse the other to the plowe For there be men as well borne to the plowe and to the backehouse as oxen and asses be But they wyll saye then decreseth my flocke What then Yea and myne aduauntage to Thys is an harde matter thys maketh them to weepe They set more by money then by the profite of the chyldren But suche are all the coÌ„mon sorte of folyshe teachers â— graunte As the philosophers describe a wyse maÌ„ y e rethoricians an oratour such one as scarse maye be fouÌ„d in anye place So muche more easye it is to prescribe what manner of man a scholmaster shuld be theÌ„ to find many y t wil be as you wold haue theÌ„ But thys oughte to be a publyque care and charge and belongeth to the ciuyle officer and chyef prelats of the churche that as ther be men appointed to serue in war to singe in churches so muche more there shulde be ordeined that shuld teach citizens chyldren well and gently Uespasianus oute of hys owne cofers gaue yerely sixe huÌ„dred pouÌ„de to Latine and Greke rethoricians Plinie the nephew of his owne liberalitie bestowed a great suÌ„me of money to the same purpose And if the comeÌ„ty in thys poynt be slacke certenly euerye man ought to take hede at home for his owne house Thou wylt saye what shall poore men do which can scarse fynd their chyldren muche lesse hyre a master to teache them Here I haue nothynge to saye but thys oute of the comedie We muste do as we maye do when we can not as we wolde We do shewe the beste waye of teachynge we be not able to geue fortune Saue that here also the liberalitie of ryche men ought to helpe good wytâ—es whych can not shewe forthe the strength of naturall inclinacion because of pouertye I wyll that the gentlenes of the master shulde be so tempered that familiaritie the companion of contempte put not away honeste reuerence suche one as men say Sarpedo was tutour to Cato of Utica which thorowe hys gentle maners gat greate loue and by hys vertue as lyke authoritie causynge the chylde to haue a greate reuerence and to set much by him wythout anye feare of roddes But these y t can do nothynge elles but beate what wolde they do if they had taken vp on them to teache Emperoures or kynges chyldren whome it were not lefull to beate They wyll saye that greate mens sonnes muste be excepted from thys fashion What is that Be not the chyldren of citizens men as well as kynges chyldren be Shulde not euerye manne as wel loue hys chylde as if he wer a kynges sonne If his estate be suÌ„what base so muche the more neede hath he to be taught and holpen by lernynge that he maye come vp from hys pore case But he be of hye degre philosophy lernyng is necessarye to gouerne hys matters well Further not a fewe be called frome lowe degre to hye estate yea sometyme to be great byshops All men come not to thys yet oughte al men to be brought vp to come to it I wll braule no more with these greate beaters after I haue tolde you this one thing How that those lawes officers â—e condemned of wyse men whych can no more but feare men wyth punyshement do not also entyse men by rewardes and the whych punyshe fautes and prouide not also y t nothyng be done worthy punishmeÌ„t The same must be thought of the coÌ„mon sort of teachers whych only beate for fautes and do not also teache y e mynd that it do not amysse They straitlie require their lesson of them if the chylde fayle he is beaten and wheÌ„ this is done daily because the child shuld be more accustumed to it thei thinke they haue plaied the part of a gaye scholemaster But the chyld shulde fyrste haue ben encoraged to loue lernyng and to be afearde to displease hys teacher But of these thynges peraduenture some man wyl thynke I haue spoken to much so myght I worthely be thought except that almoste all men dyd in this poynte so greatly offende that hereof a maÌ„ caÌ„ neuer speke inough Furthermore it wyll helpe verye muche if he that hathe taken vpon hym to teache a chylde so sette hys mynd vpon hym that he bear a fatherlye loue vnto hym By thys it shall come to passe y t both the child wil lerne more gladly he shal fele lesse â—ediousnes of his laboure For in euery busines loue taketh away y e greatest part of hardnes And because after the olde prouerbe Lyke

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