him on all sides However as he still feared it might be said to have been Interest that caus'd him to do it he refus'd all the Favours the King offer'd him which gave admiration not only to those whose Party he had newly embrac'd but also to those he had newly forsaken The Fathers of the Oratory who had contributed most to so great a Change had after this the greatest share in the Affairs of his Conscience But tho' that their Party was entirely opposite to that of the Jesuites he did not forbear following Father Mascaron whose Sermons pleas'd him above all others on the score of his Eloquence and of a most peculiar Gracefullness he had in the Pulpit Thus he spent three or four Years in the Exercises of Piety without being troubled by Motions of War from which the Kingdom was Exempted But the King who had a Grudging to the Hollanders for what they had done having found the means to disunite them from the Kings of England and Sueden prevail'd with the former to make War upon them by Sea after having promis'd him to declare against them by Land As among Sovereigns there 's never a want of a Pretext for a rupture when they please the two Kings found quickly matter to pick a Quarrel with the Republique but withall this they would perhaps have found great Difficulties in the effecting their Designs if it had not been divided in it self by the different Interests that Reign'd there Three Parties were there of one of which the Prince of Orange was the head John de With of the Other and the Other had none nor wou'd it have any as believing it to be derogating to the Dignity of the Republique to have one The First had for Object the rendring of the Prince of Orange as Potent as his Predecessours had been The Second wou'd exclude him from all sorts of Employments to Establish it self upon his Ruines and the Third was for the advancement neither of the one nor of the other because that as I have newly said the Republique after having render'd it self so Flourishing of it self had no need neither of the Prince of Orang nor of de With to maintain it self in the Splendour it was in However when the two Kings came to Declare War this third Party perceiv'd there to be a necessity to have a head for the opposing such Dangerous Enemies so as that the thing only turning between the Prince of Orange and de With all the Provinces found themselves as it were divided between the One or Other But the most part still remembring the great Actions of this Prince's Predecessours to whom as I think I have allready said was owing their Liberty they suffer'd themselves insensibly to be led into the desire of seeing him at their head and he was at length nothwithstanding all the Obstacles de With us'd to the Contrary proclaim'd Captain General of the State This Prince tho' without Experience by reason of his Green Youth was not wanting to give all the Orders necessary for a stout Defence and if his Advice had been follow'd many Places had been abandoned wherein a Number of Garrisons had been maintain'd to no Purpose But not having been Master of the Resolutions he saw himself a General without an Army for the States far from having Troups sufficient to put an Army into the field they were far from having enough to line all the Towns they pretended to keep The King meeting with so much ease in his Designs enter'd into the heart of the Country by the means of the Electour of Cologne who had also declared War against the Hollanders and the Bishop of Munster attacking them on another side the Republique was in great Perplexity The King who had made extraordinary Preparations for this War had giv'n Employment to the Prince of Condé This Prince march'd away before with an Army of thirty five thousand men and the King follow'd him at five or six Leagues Distance with as numerous Troups He wou'd not have the Viscount de Turenne to leave him for being to advance very far into the enemies Country he was very willing to have such a Person as him about him to free him out of Danger And indeed such things might have happen'd as wou'd have put him in some Danger he was going to engage himself amid Powers that ought to be extremely suspected to him joyn'd to this that he left Mastricht behind him which might give him a furious Disquiet for the enemies had put so great a Garrison into that Place that many Armies were not more considerable and things might turn after such a manner as to make the Retreat difficult To remedy this it would have been necessary to have attacqu'd that Place But the King fearing it might take him up too much time or that he might lose there a part of his Army he drew near the Rhin where he shou'd not meet with so much resistance The Spaniards who watch'd all his Paces being little less concern'd in them than the Hollanders themselves had still reason to augment their jealousy by the ill Treatments they saw themselves expos'd to for the King having not been able to make that step without passing o'er their Territories they were ravag'd whatever Care he had taken to prevent it However as he had them re-inburs'd for the forrages his Army took it wou'd not have been to them a Subject for a Rupture if his Conquests had not augmented their Distrusts they paid him nevertheless in his Passage all the Honours that are due to a Great King the Governour of the Low-Countreys sent to Compliment his Majesty and those that Commanded in the Towns caus'd their Canon to be Fir'd when he passd by them However it was not they only that had their Eyes turnâ—d upon this Expedition all Germany knowing the King to be powerfully Arm'd trembled if I may say it lest he shou'd carry his Arms beyond the Rhin where he was known to have Considerable Allyances for the King of Sueden tho' he allready offerâ—d himself to be Mediatour between the Hollanders and his Majesty was his Pensioner as well as the Electour of Cologne the Palatine the Duke of Newbourg and the Bishop of Munster and all this Procedure made it apprehended he might have quite different Aims from what appeared to the Publique Thus every One endeavour'd to precaution himself by making Leavyes But the King's first Exploits gave quite another Apprehension in four days space he took Orsoy and Rhinberg while the Prince of Condé and the Viscount de Turenne reduc'd Wesel and Burik These Conquests so startled the Enemies that they animated the King to make new Ones But not being able if a man may say so to be without the Viscount de Turenne he caus'd him to repair to him again and after having pass'd the Rhinâ— at Wesel he march'd in the Traces of the Prince of Condé who had directed his way against the Town of Rhees The Garrison knowing
Water in the River yet when they came to pass it they found little more than a foot and a half The Prinee of Orange Retreated toward Vtrecht but the Consternation of this Town was so great that his Presence cou'd not Encourage it And indeed tho' it was still Cover'd by several Citys that were not yet attack'd it sent its Keys to the King who was march'd to the Siege of Doesburg In the mean while the Prince of Condé being much incommoded by his Wound cou'd not take on him again the Command of his Army and it was given to the Viscount de Turenne who had a long Conference with the King and with the Prince of Condê touching the Present State of things The King askt them their Opinion and they told him that they were mistaken if he held the Conduct he had thitherto held if he pretended to keep so many Places that he saw as well as they that his Army dayly diminisht by so many Garrisons that he ought to be satisfy'd with retaining some Passes and that at least without being ever strong in the field he would quickly see Germany in Motion that must needs be jealous of his Conquests The King declar'd that he relish'd their Reasons but having discourst the Marquis de Louvoy who dayly acquired more and more Ascendant o'er his Mind he forgot the Consequences that these two Princes had made him observe Insomuch that contrary to their Advice he resolv'd to follow that of this Minister which was to keep all the Conquests he cou'd make We cannot truly speak the Marquis de Louvois's Design in doing this unless that he thought to reduce the Hollanders so low that they should be oblig'd to Submit themselves to all sorts of Conditions before that they cou'd hope for Succours Thus believing that the King wou'd be in a Condition to retain his Conquests he wou'd not abandon them he might have still another reason viz. That as he had Intelligence with the Prince de Lokowitz the Emperours first Minister he trusted in the promises this Prince made him of Prevailing with his Master to keep the Peace Be it as it will his Advice having been follow'd preferably to that of the Prince of Condé and of the Viscount de Turenne the King found himself with Six or Seaven Thousand men in a few Days after tho' he was entred the field at the head of so flourishing an Army That of the Viscount de Turenne was little more Numerous at some days End for after having taken Arnheim he reduc'd Eight or Ten Places more wherein he was oblig'd to put Garrisons However tho' that among these there were many strong Ones not one made any reasonable opposition unless that of Nimmeghen which held him tack Seav'n or Eight days not but that he might have taken it in less time if he had so minded but he wou'd not Squander away his Soldiers as they did in the Kings Army where they caus'd 'em to carry the Bavins and mount the Guard in open Day as if the Life of so many brave Men had not been a thing to be carefully preserved But the Marquis de Louvois said that more Soldiers perish'd by fatigues than in thus Exposing them sometimes that this was necessary particularly in Sieges where the least delay was of so great a Consequence that it was in no wise to be remedy'd afterwards Wherefore to make Dispatch they no longer minded to open the Trenches at a reasonable Distance but open'd it so near as cost a great many men Yet this did not hinder the King from pushing-on his Conquests as far as the Gates of Amsterdam But the Marquis de Rochefort Commanding on that side having miss'd of Muideim of which he might have made himself Master without striking a Blow the Enemies who had committed some faults on their side remedy'd them after they had rid themselves of de With who was become suspected to several and principally to the Populace by whose hands he fell In the mean while the King who had stopt at the Gates of Vtrecht in hopes that the Peace which the States had caus'd to be propos'd to him having not been able to obtain what he demanded plainly perceiv'd the fault he had committed in not having believ'd the Prince of Condé and the Viscount de Turenne for if he had advanc'd towards Amsterdam at the head of a Potent Army this Town that was allready wavering wou'd never have dared to take Vigorous Resolutions But seeing him with not above Six or Seaven Thousand Men it had breathing time and he for his part durst not Engage further with so small a Number But the greatest misfortune that befell him from this Oversight was that the Marquis de Brandenbourg being gain'd by the Hollander's mony took the field at the head of twenty five thousand Men which began to set all Germany in Motion and the more since the Emperour was allso upon the point of declaring himself But the Prince de Lokowitz having deferr'd the Causing his Orders to be Executed the Campagne pass'd without any thing considerable being done which being come to the Emperour's knowledge he caus'd this Minister to be secur'd and depriv'd him of his favour The Marquis de Brandenbourg's March did nevertheless produce this Effect that the King return'd home after having endeavour'd to surprize Bolduc where there was only a Simple Garrison but it chancing to rain two or three days together the Town was secur'd by it's situation which in such times renders it impregnable for being Seated in a very low Place and all surrounded with a Marsh the water quickly Spreads it self around nay and came as far as to Boxtel two Leagues from thence where the King had fix'd his Quarter Having thus perceiv'd that there was nothing for him to do on that side he took his journey for France after having giv'n the Viscount de Turenne order to re-assemble the most Troups he could to march against the Marquis de Brandenbourg who advanc'd in long Marches The Viscount de Turenne wou'd not mind him that if he had been so pleas'd he might have prevented this Accident but having seen the Prince of Condé who had caus'd himself to be carry'd to Arnheim he took measures with him to divert the King from having so much Confidence in his Minister who had not yet Sufficient Experience to regulate all things according to his Phancy Monsieur le Tellier having got the Wind of this Design and fearing this might stop his Sons fortune found the means to gain the Prince of Condé by the Promises he made him that the King thenceforward should only employ his Highness in the most considerable Expeditions and as this Prince had a Secret Jealousy of the Confidence the King put in the Viscount de Turenne he did not trouble himself much about keeping the Promise he had giv'n him In the mean while the King was very uneasy as to the event of matters beyond the Rhine where the Viscount
1611. of Parents whose Birth was not only Eminent but ev'n recommendable among Sovereigns He was the Son of Henry de la Tour D'Auvergne and of Elizabeth of Nassaw These two Houses are so blaz'd throughout Europe nay and i' th Other Parts of the World that it wou'd be needless in me to Enlarge much upon their Grandeur That of Nassaw has giv'n an Emperour to Germany and continu'd his Posterity in Severall Branches equally Illustrious and particularly in that of the Princes of Orange That of La Tour D'Auvergne has possest the County of Boulogne and severall other Lands in Sovereignty and for a top of Greatness matcht one of it's Daughters to a Majesty of France Not but there are those who are of Opinion that this Ancient House of Boulogne and that of Bouillon are very Different Nay and I have heard it affirm'd by the present Duke of Elboeuf tho' he had marry'd a Daughter of this Family and that his Interest led him to take that Part But it is not for me to decide these sorts of things and tho' I were better informed than I am I should circumscribe my relation to what is commonly said upon this Point I shall leave then to others to judge of the Case as they think fit and content my self to say that it is however a most Illustrious House Consider we it either as issu'd from the Counts of Boulogne or from a House of Limosin from whence some derive it's Original Such as are of this sentiment affirm it's Name to be La Tour of which there are many Gentlemen setled in the Kingdom and that they have thereto added the name D'Auvergne Mrs de Gouvernet de Montauban de la Chartre are of that House and some of 'em have told me the House of Bouillon and theirs to be one and the same thing But one would willingly have more than bare words for it for no doubt but they would be very glad to be look'd on as Relations of Monsieur de Bouillon who hold'st not only an Eminent rank in France but are likewise very considerable in Germany on the score of the Allyances they have there with several Princes As for the rest the Principality of Sedan had not been long in this House when the Viscount de Turenne came into the World His Father was oblig'd for it to Henry the 4th Who had match'd him to the Heiress But we may assure it to be in acknowledgement for the Services he had receiv'd from him For during the Civil Wars of France he brought him sundry Succours from Germany and spar'd neither his Estate nor Person to help him to Subdue his Enemies For this Reason did Henry the fourth prefer him before many Others when the Marrying that Princess was the point in Agitation and it 's believ'd he did it too that he might not remit her Territories into the hands of a Person less affectionate to him than this Lord For as they border with France on the side of Germany it was that Great Kings Interest to be carefull on whom he bestow'd the Heiress But be it as it will the new Duke of Bouillon on his very Wedding night endeavour'd to acquit himself of that Obligation for leaving his Brides Bed he put on his Armour and went and Surpriz'd the City of Stenay which acquired him Great Reputation Nevertheless tho' Henry the 4th Esteem'd him dayly more and more yet he did not long entertain him with the same favour which I shall attribute to what I am going to relate This Great King was obliged to turn Catholique so to appease the troubles of his Kingdom and the Duke of Bouillon a Protestant not being of a humour to follow his Masters Example he became suspected to the King for the kindness born him by those of his Religion The Jealousy conceiv'd by the King on this Occasion was so Great that the Duke of Bouillon found himself oblig'd to withdraw into Germany from whence he Writ to the King and procur'd other Letters from Divers Princes his Relations The King sent to him to return and trust in his Royall Word but he was loath to obey as knowing he had Enemies at Court who endeavour'd to render him answearable for Sundry Complaints made by People of the Religion in great pow'r at that time Moreover accus'd he was of having endeavour'd to draw into the Kingdom the Army of Mansfeld a famous General who without being in any Bodies Pay had found the Secret to keep on foot an Army of thirty thousand men and make himself feared by all Europe At length time having appeas'd all things the Duke of Bouillon went to kisse the Kings hand and then retired to Sedan where his main Care was to educate his Children sutably to their Condition God having given him as I have already sayd the Viscount de Turenne whose Life I here delineate he was brought up in the Protestant Religion to which his Mother shew'd her self as zealous as his Father As soon as he was come to an age ripe for Instruction he had Masters given him accordingly some appointed to teach him the Exercizes befitting a Person of his Quality 't is inconceivable how easily he learnt every thing which sufficiently Testify'd the Vivacity of his Wit Nevertheless as some things he apply'd himself more willingly to than others his Inclination lay for those that concern'd Arms For as for Sciences he set himself slightly to them or as I may say for fashions sake which sometimes put Monsieur de Bouillon out of humour because he would have render'd him accomplisht in all things When he had attain'd fifteen years of Age Monsieur de Bouillon resolv'd to send him into Holland at that time the School of War for all Persons of Quality and where was already his Eldest Brother For the States after having brought Spain to demand a Truce saw themselves upon the point of renewing Hostilities for ascertaining their freedom He gave him Letters for Prince Maurice his Brother in Law the Greatest Captain of his Age and the Person to whom the Hollanders are most endebted for their Establishment For tho' they began to cast off the Spaniards yoak under William Prince of Orange and that they acquir'd their freedom under the Government of Frederick Henry We may say that without Maurice they would have found it difficult to compass their Designs This Prince being the Person who began not only to restore Discipline in Armies but likewise put in Practice a world of things till then unknown by Judges He had the Love of his Souldiers beyond Imagination was fear'd by his Enemies and esteem'd by all his Neighbours Worthy in short of Commanding the Greatest States but happy in having been only the Head of a rising Commonwealth since so many Great events can only be imputed to his virtue The Viscount de Turenne had had Order at his Departure from Sedan to apply himself to all that Prince should do as to a Perfect Model
against her Consent These Conjunctures having brought prejudice to the Intentions of the King of England his Fleet return'd into Port after having been notably endamag'd by foul weather The King of England being incenc'd at France's Breach of Promise and having resolv'd to be reveng'd was still excited by Buckingham who joyn'd to the Resentment of the King his Master his own Private Piques The occasion was quickly offer'd The Hughenots having found after the Peace they had newly concluded that it had been only made to divide and set them at odds threw themselves into his Arms and having implored his Protection he promis'd it tho' not so much for their sakes as his own This Transaction was not so secretly manag'd but that Richelieu a Minister that spar'd no Costs for Intelligence had intimation of it from several parts but tho' this gave him some Alarum yet was it nothing in Comparison of the Disquiet things put him under that were brewing in the Kingdom The Spaniards to prevent their medling in Forreign matters endeavour'd to find 'em work at Home And knowing the bent of the Duke of Orleans's temper who turn'd and Weather-cock'd it as I may say with all winds they had prepar'd him for strange Novelties This Prince being look'd on as Presumtive-Heir of the Crown for that his Brother had no Children nay and without hopes of having any wanted not Creatures to in-blow him with ill Counsel for some out of the Spleen they bore the New Minister and others in hopes of a better fortune had a furious grudging for a Change The Queen her self had a deep hand in this Intrigue for the Spanish Embassadour having possess'd her she shou'd be suddenly repudiated on the score of her Sterility she bent her thoughts to ruine Richelieu whom she look'd upon as the Author of that Counsel The Queen Mother out of the same Passion of removing him from Affairs still augmented her Daughter in Law 's Suspicions so as she was inclin'd to baulk no means as might prevent this Misfortune The Count of Soissons Prince of the Blood espous'd the Interests of the two Queens with Messieurs de Vendôme and many other Persons of the first Quality at Court and their Intention was to Marry the Duke of Orleans with the Infanta of Spain the Queen Regnant's Sister that in Case the King came to dye she might remain in France with Honour without being oblig'd to return into Spain as a Person unhappy and a Fugitive The Duke of Orleans had another Design he lov'd the Queen and wou'd have been well Content his Brother had been Dead or put into a Convent that he might be in a capacity to satisfy his Passion But the Mareschal D'Ornano who had been his Governour and still retain'd a great Authority over his Mind jumpt in neither of their Projects He was enamour'd of the Princess of Condé and to ingratiate himself the better with her he had promis'd her his Master should never Marry any other than the Princess her Daughter since marry'd to Mr. de Longueville This Obstacle retarded the Queen's Design But Madam de Chevreuse their Confident occasion'd another sturdy Impediment For being in love with Chalais Master of the Queen's Wardrobe and having told all to him in Private he went and told it again to the King and alarm'd him to that Degree that his Majesty wou'd have had forthwith confin'd his Mother Wife and Brother with all those engag'd in their Intrigue Richelieu had all the pain imaginable to Moderate his Passion But having remonstrated to him that if he wou'd secure his Revengâ— it was needfull to Dissemble He went to Fontainebleau where he Causâ—d the Mareschal D'Ornano to be secur'd with Mr. de Vendôme The Count of Soisson's withdrew into Italy and by his flight evaded â— like treatment and perhaps a Worse for neither the King nor Richelieu lov'd him and perchance might have made sure of him against the future by some fatal Resolution The Queen was Ill treated both by the King and Richelieu who meant by this means to be reveng'd for her slights to him had Chang'd his Love into Hate Messieurs de Vendôme were releas'd some time after out of Prison but the Mareschal D'Ornano dy'd in 't not without suspition of having been poyson'd The Duke of Orleans's Chastisement was to be match'd out of hand to the Courts mind and he marry'd Mademoiselle de Montpensier a Princess of the Blood and extremely Rich. Nevertheless he wou'd more willingly have Embrac'd a forraign Allyance out of the Design he had of raising a Commotion But what made him desire it being a Reason not to grant it he was under an obligation to Conform to the Will of the King his Brother who promis'd in consideration of this Complyance to forget all former Passages The Queen Mother having been at first desirous for another Allyance shew'd herself in the sequel passionate for this But the most sagacious attributed it to her Policy which did not allow her to declare her Reall Sentiments So as that the World did this notwithstanding entertain the Opinion that this still the more incens'd her against Richelieu to whom she before bore sufficient ill will because gradually as he made Progresses in the Kings Favour he endeavour'd to drive her thence All that I have now said did not however hinder this Minister from making a Treaty with the Spanaird for tho his thoughts were wholly upon the Grandeur of the Kingdom he was still retain'd by the fear of the Queen Mother who ever threaten'd him if he came to an Open Rupture with that Crown But underhand he neglected Nothing that might tend to Create it troubles He sent Money into Holland and endeavour'd to Engage the King of Sueden to make head against the Greatness of that House the German Branch of which was become so formidable to Other Princes that it had nothing left to do but taking of Straelsundt for the reducing them into an absolute Slavery The Duke of Mantoua's Death happen'd also very seasonably to furnish him with new Designs of Greatness Several Princes pretending to his Succession oppos'd the Investiture of it demanded by the Duke of Nâ—vers the Lawfull Heir and Ferdinand the Emperour requiring only a Pretext to take Possession of the Dukedome of Mantoua and the Marquisate of Montferrat then in Debate sent vast Armies into Italy All the Princes to whom that Enterprize was capable of giving jealousy had recourse to the King as they had done in the Affair of the Valteline and Richelieu notwithstanding the Cabals of the Queens and Spaniards promis'd the Venetians who seem'd more alarum'd than Others that an Army shou'd be sent beyond the Alpes to Secure the Succession to whom it belong'd And indeed the Marquis D'Vxelles had orders to draw together the Troups that were upon the frontiere and Conduct them to the succours of Cazal which the Imperialists being assisted with Spanish Troups had allready besieged But the Duke of Savoye having
Now to appease a little his Complaints the Spaniards sent him some Money with a promise of aiding him Suddainly with a potent Army And indeed they began to make many Leavies in their territories but they were no sooner Compleat but that their own Interests being dearer to them than those of another they design'd them for Flanders whose Conquest the King had laid aside tho' he seem'd to apply his thoughts a little more than formerly to th' Affairs of Italy Nevertheless as the passes were Stopp'd up these New-rais'd forces were to be shipp'd to be transported into that Countrey But the Hollanders having as much Interest as we to hinder their landing put forth at the same time to Sea under the Command of Admiral Tromp which so Startled the Spaniards tho' much stronger in Men and Shipping that they retir'd into the King of Englands Ports with whom they had made an advantageous Treaty Yet as the King of England was under no rupture with the Hollanders they hop'd still to find some favorable Occasion to beat the Spaniards But the King put forty Men of Warr out to sea under Colour of Securing his Coasts and those Ships being posted between the Spaniards and them broak all their Measures In the mean while a thick fogg arising the Spaniards by favour of the English who cover'd their Motions attempted to pass on to Dunkirk and the Hollanders not perceiving it till a little late cou'd not hinder some Ships from Entring the Port nevertheless the greatest part having been cut off before they cou'd Joyn the rest were forc'd to fly without the English making any shew of giving them Succours for the King of England against whom the Hollanders wou'd have been reduc'd to declare Warr if he persever'd thus in protecting their Enemies wou'd not proceed openly to Hostilities for fear of making his People still more Malecontent they having thro' Presbiterian Cant and Artifice been brought to degenerate much in their Loyalty to the Crown The Spaniards retir'd again into his Ports but seeing they spent and moulder'd away dayly more and more without hopes of being able to induce the English to do more for them they resolv'd to return into Spain as soon as they shou'd find the Occasion A mist again arising at two or three days End they fancy'd that as it had been favourable to them the former â—â—me it might be stâ—â—â— so this But Tromp Suspecting their Design having been more amply informâ—â— of it by some Slight Vessels which he kepâ— cruizing up and down that he might have due information set Saile immediately and after an Engagement of Nine Hours continuance obtain'd so signal a Victory that he took Sixteen Ships and sunck severall Others This good success was of great moment for us as well as for the Hollanders â—oâ— it afforded us the means of besieging and taking Arras the Capital City of Artâ—is and Shelter'd the frontiere of Italy on the side of Doullens In the mean while the King of England being jealous of this Conquest was just ready to proceed to a Declaration but Cardinal Richelieu who had as many Creatures in Other Kingdoms as in our own procur'd an Insurrection of the Scotts against him which giving him as much bus'ness as he couâ—d turn his hands to he was oblig'd to leave Others at Quiet Much about the same time was it that the Portugals being encourag'd by his Promises all so cast off the Spanish yoak and that he sent the Prince of Condé against the fortress of Saâ—sâ—s standing at the Entrance into Roussillon but as if fortune delighted in favouring him still more and more it happen'd that the Spaniards meaning at any rate to defend that Place caus'd a powerfull Army to march into Catalonia which having laid desolate that Province by an Infinite Number of Vexations erected a desire in the Catalonians to break out also into a Rebellion The beginning of their Revolt burst out against the Count de 〈◊〉 st Colombe their Viceroy to whom they imputed most of their Sufferings and to whom the City of Barcelona Especially boar a great deal of ill will by reason he had Caus'd one of it's Sherifs to be poyson'd for opposing his Intentions in the Defence of it's Priviledges The Vice-Roy seeing the fury of the People against him wou'd have escap'd into the Arsenal but not thinking himself there in Safety he design'd to have embark'd upon a Galley when he was pittiously massacred by an infinite Number of that Seditious People Cardinal Richelieu wont to frame Revolts was not wanting to foment this framed to his hand He sent to assure the Catalonians of a powerfull Protection and they having deputed some among them he recâ—iv'd 'em with so much honour and Caresses that he would not have done more to the Ambâ—ssadouâ—s of the Princes ally'd to the Crown Now having Excited so many troubles in the Dominions of our Enemies and of those who were capable of giving them Succours he the more effiâ—â—aciously set himself to the Affâ—irs of Italy The King at the very Beginning of the Campagn had taken a Progress to Grenoble from whence he had allready sent Succours and where he had seen the Dutchâ—ss of Savoy his Sister she being come so farr to implore his Protection but she had not bad all manner of Contentment for such strange Propositions were made her Royal Highness â—s those of admitting a French Garrison into Montmelian and sending her Son to Paris to be brought up with the Dauphin that she perceiv'd but too late the French had a design rather to invade her Countrey than restore the Lawfull Master to it However having had sufficient Constancy to resist these Proposals in favour of which the Court offer'd her a thousand advantageous things the King at length desisted from it and the Brother and Sister parting afterwards so so content with one another the King return'd to Paris and the Dutchess of Savoy to her own home Cardinal de la Valette dying during these Occurrences he left the Army under Viscount de Turenne's Command he having been made Lieutenant General but laid the Cardinals Death so much to heart that he could not relish the pleasure he wou'd have had at another time for his new Dignity The Dutchess of Savoy being return'd conjur'd him a-new but with Earnest desires that he wou'd not abandon her but besides it 's not lying in his pow'r to do so without order Cardinal de la Vallette's Death did not allow him to desire it not that what he had done had been out of jealousy but because it wou'd have seem'd he had refus'd to take upon him the Conduct of the Army for that it was a troublesome Province at that time as consisting not of above six thousand Men but his Prudence supplying all he put himself in a posture of disturbing the Enemies Designs they pretending to avail themselves of the Generals Death However the Court had no sooner notice of this Accident than that it nominated
Mareschal de la Meillerare who notwithstanding the Hâ—tred born his Uncle was generally acknowledg'd a man Skillfull in the trade of War For he had newly taken Aire a strong place in Aâ—â—ois and tho' the Cardinal Infant had recover'd it yet had he not the less repute The Viscount de Turenne having ever been desirous to fight in the Kings Presence was overjoy'd at his being Chosen to serve in his Army and thinking he lay under an Obligation of making his acknowledgments for it to the Cardinal of whom he had several times begg'd this favour he mention'd it so handsomely to him that this still the more redoubl'd the kindness that Minister had for him In the mean while the rumour which ran of the Kings journey prov'd true and the Viscount de Turenne his having kiss'd Majesties Hand this Prince took him aside and confirm'd to him by word of Mouth what he had Written to him several times namely that he had much regard for him and that on his account he had so soon forgot the Offence of his Brother the Duke of Bouillon The Viscount de Turenne not knowing what thanks and humilities to pay his Majesty for his Grace and Bounty and as the Duke of Bouillon had been newly nominated to go Command in Italy under the Authority of Prince Thomas so many favours at a time seem'd to incapacitate him of being ever able to acknowledge such great obligations He testify'd to the King the Sentiments he entertain'd but the King Embracing him tenderly told him that he was too well satisfy'd with him that he had it from good hands all possible Endeavours had been us'd to Embark him in the affair of the Count de Soissons but that before he knew his answer he had rightly judg'd he would do nothing contrary to his Duty The Viscount de Turenne begg'd his Majesty to believe he had never had that matter mention'd to him but if they had he wou'd not have fail'd of informing his Majesty But the King taking him up short told him that he ought to be content he was satisfy'd with his Conduct and that as so near a Relation of his had been concern'd in that occasion he had been the first to excuse him In the Interim the Army assembl'd around Perpignan and as we had not been able to hinder Provisions from being convey'd into that place from Couilloure which was continually supply'd by Sea the French resolv'd to attack Couilloure and to shut up Perpignan so close as should barr all Entrance and Conveyance into 't for the future The Mareschal de la Meilleraye directing his Maâ—â—h to Couilloure with the Viscount de Turenne attack'd it on the Land side while the Kings Fleet batter'd it from Sea The Marquis of Montarre was in the Town with a strong Garrison and had built several Forts around to hinder the Approaches The Mareschal de la Meilleraye having thereupon judg'd convenient first of all to take in those Forts sent thither the Viscount de Turenne who carry'd them by dint of Sword but before he cou'd render himself Master of the Town the Spaniards seeing Perpignan lost unless they reliev'd Couilloure they entred Cani with a Body of Horse and Reformed Officers while la Motte Houdancourt who had an eye to their Motions took the Field on his side The Spaniards who had their Design wou'd have declin'd fighting but la Motte having overtaken them at a Pass made 'em face about against their wills and after having defeated their Rear press'd 'em so close that he forc'd 'em to a second Engagement The success now was as little to their advantage as before and they lost full Eight Hundred men more However la Motte not being yet satisfy'd pursu'd 'em Night and Day into the Mountains of the Copsi and having overtaken them near Villa-franca he so compleated their Defeat that what remain'd of 'em were either slain upon the spot or taken Prisoners The King whom this Army had giv'n some Disquiet was overjoy'd to see it so happily defeated and as he had already receiv'd great Services from la Motte and that his last actions recall'd others into his mind he sent him the Staff of Mareschal of France Couilloure was quickly forc'd after so signal a Victory Yet as the Marquis de Montarre had fulfill'd the Duty of a Good Captain and of a Brave Souldier the Mareschal de la Meilleraye wou'd not refuse him the three days he still required before he surrendred rather to save his Honour than in hopes of any Succours The three days being Expired the Garrison march'd out and was found still Eighteen Hundred men strong This Conquest having much facilitated the Reduction of the rest of Roussillon the Blocade of Perpignan was converted into a Siege and the King meaning to be there in Person leâ—t Langue doc where he had staid some time and arriv'd at Pia whither came the Mareschal de la Meilleraye to give him an account of all his Actions In the mean while this Town lay under all sorts of wants except Mâ—n of whom it had a sufficient number but as they had no Provisions the French resolv'd not to Press it but to husband the Souldiers as much as they cou'd The Marquis de Flores d'Avila perceiving after what manner we design'd to have him distributed his Victualls in such small parcels that he made them last much longer than was expected and in the interim had hopes of Succours or of some Change in our Affairs for the Kings health rather impair'd than augmented and besides that of the Cardinal was in so bad a Condition as had oblig'd him to stay at Narbonne where he suffer'd inconceivable pains But what troubl'd him most was the account he had of the Cabals then on foot against him which so topsy-turvy'd the King's mind that he was contriving to rid himself of this Great Man whose exalted Genius was nevertheless the Cause of all his Prosperities Cinqmars the Mareschal d'Essiaâ—'s Son whom the Cardinal had been the means to introduce very far into the King's Favour but whose Destruction he endeavour'd for a Recompence was the most Dangerous of his Enemies This Young Man being not content with his Favour nor with the Charge of Master of Horse which he possess'd pretended himself to the Ministry and as he fancy'd the King near his end he enter'd into so particular an Engagement with the Duke of Orleans that he promis'd him not only to Kill the Cardinal but also to do all he requir'd The Duke of Orleans being naturally fearfull and dreading least after the Cardinals Death his Relations and friends might take up Arms he engag'd Cinqmars to send into Spain for Succours so as while the King endeavour'd to ruine that Crown his Brother did his utmost to uphold it The King of Spain seeing no other ressource but this to save Roussillon Entertain'd with great Caresses the Person sent him by Cinqmars and promis'd him all his Demands as well as to the
Recommendation in his behalf that they shou'd not engage him in it in case their affair was ticklish in the least The Treaty above-mention'd being concluded with the Duke of Bavaria the year 1647. was allready far spent when that the Suedes having no mind to evacuate the Places they held were not in a humour to ratify the Treaty unless they might be left in Possession of what they then had in their hands In the mean while the Prince of Condé Dy'd before the Year was finisht and the Duke d'Anguien assum'd his Name so as when I shall henceforward mention the Prince of Condé I shall mean that Duke The Contests that arose between the Suedes and the Duke of Bavaria occasioned the Viscount de Turenne to remain still sometime upon his Territories where he fought a short and smart Battle for having Notice that the Enemies were marching towards the Rhin he attack'd them Vigorously and pursu'd them to the very Gates of Newbourg he also took several small Cities of of his Electoral Highness's Country for to oblige him to give all manner of Contentment to the Suedes it became him to exert still the same heat In the mean while as Affairs spun-out into a Length a Part of the Army advanc'd towards the Lake of Constance and alarum'd the Cantons by the taking of Bregens and of some other places They sent Deputies to the Viscount de Turenne to know his Intentions but this Prince having assur'd them that the King his Master had not the least thoughts of making any Innovation in their Regard they return'd very well satisfy'd as being persuaded he would not have giv'n them this assurance if he meant afterwards to Violate it And indeed those who knew him knew that for any thing in the world he wou'd not have been prevail'd with to deceive any body And it was also a Common saying of his that there was a great Difference between the Stratagems of War and Cheats and forasmuch as a man was esteem'd who knew how to put the former in practice so much ought he to be blam'd who made use of the later to bring about his Designs that a man's word ought to be inviolable as well to Enemies as to Friends and that if they were to be surpriz'd 't was not to be by promising them what a man never meant to perform At lâ—st the Treaty before-mentioned being made the Suedes having been thereunto oblig'd by the French harbour'd a Secret Resentment in their Hearts of which they were not long without giving them Instances During these Transactions the Viscount de Turenne having left Bavaria turn'd his Arms against the Electour of Mayenz and the Landâ—grave of Darmstadt from whom he recover'd the Cities of Aschaffemburg Sclingenstadt and some Others for while he was busy'd on the One side the Enemies Acted on the Other and sometimes in one and the same Campagn a Town Charg'd its Party three or four times He allso took the City of Darmstadt the Capital of the Landtgrasts of that name's Dominions and having Cast a Terrour into the Electorate of Cologne he oblig'd those Princes to demand a Neutrality All these Treatys would have startl'd the Emperor if he had believ'd them any thing long-liv'd but he expected what in effect happen'd that the Duke of Bavaria having left his Principal Towns in the hands of the Suedes and being Constrain'd to remain Armed could not Subsist any longer without endeavouring to affranchize himself from their Slavery that this wou'd rather make him Chuse the hazzards of War than Moulder away by little and little For which reason he resolv'd to try if he cou'd induce him sooner to the Rupture than he wou'd have fall'n to 't of himself In the Interim his Circumstances were so low that all his Credit seem'd lost in Germany For we were Masters of the Bancks of the Rhin from Colin to Basel and as the means to pierce into the Countrey We had also reserv'd to our selves Heilbronn and Lawinghen which afforded us a free Passage as far as into the Hereditary Countreys On another side the Suedes possess'd an infinite Number of Places in the heart of the Countrey but the Emperour hoping to avail himself of the strangeness between them and Us since the Treaty of Bavaria expected not only to recover what he had lost but also to sustain with some sort of Repute the Affairs of Flanders that were under great Decadency since the taking of Dunkirk For considering that if the King cou'd once render himself Master of those Provinces he wou'd be capable afterwards to give Laws to all the Empire he fancy'd that tho' he had not so much Interest therein as the King of Spain he ought nevertheless to Espouse it as his own Bus'ness For this purpose he sent the Arch-Duke Leopold thither that so the Grandees being Excited by the Grandeur of his Birth might rid themselves of a certain jealousy to which he attributed the Unhappiness of the foregoing Campagns The Arch-Duke being accompany'd with Numerous and well-disciplin'd Forces and being desirous to Signalize his Arrival in Flanders by some Considerable Exploit he lead his Army against the City of Armentieres whose Governour made a Valiant Defence but after having held out about three Weeks without the prospect of any Considerable Succours it at length Surrender'd upon Honourable Conditions From Armentieres the Arch-Duke March'd against Landrecies where he had Intelligence with the Marquis d'Haudicourt Commanding in that Place Thus having taken it with much Ease the French Leaguer then Marching to its Succours was oblig'd to turn its Arms another way To repair these Losses it took Dixmuyden and La Bassée but it kept the former of these Two Places so little a while that 't is not worth the pains to boast of it for the Arch-Duke laid Siege to 't immediately while the Mareschal de Gassion Attack'd Lens At the siege of this fastness was it that this Captain who had acquir'd great Renown in all his Enterprizes receiv'd a Musket-shot of which he dy'd he was much Lamented by his Men esteem'd by the Enemies and his Relations who were great Losers by his Death nevertheless lost still less by it than the State did to which he was more than ever capable of rendering great Services In the mean while the Arch-Duke's Army still Augmenting and the Court being afraid it might make advantage of Gassion's Death sent Orders to the Viscount de Turenne who staid upon the Banks of the Rhin to Secure his Conquests to repass it on to this side But by taking Care of the Affairs of this side those on that fell into Decay for the Emperour improving this Diversion drove the Suedes from several Posts For a Height of Misfortune Colonel Rose who serv'd in the Viscount de Turenne's Army being gain'd and egg'd-on by his Country-men who as I said before were Exasperated at the Treaty of Bavaria made Caballs in his Regiment and in that of some Suedes that serv'd as well as
of St. Cloud which the Kings Forces had a Design to seize on This Detachment being weak and St. Cloud no place of Defence it rested satisfy'd with making it self Master of the Bridge an Arch of which it blew-up by this means did they hinder the In-roads that were made to the very Gates of Paris and which had occasion'd some Clamour in the Inhabitants of that great City But the King meaning to Mortify them and punish so many Disobediences sent to recover the Bridge and upon the notice the Prince of Condé had of it he left Paris to go encourage his men being attended by several Persons of Quality nay and by several Citizens that had taken Arms. His Presence having stopp'd th' Enemies Design he march'd against St. Denis where the King held a Garrison and after having taken it he retired to Paris where there was more Caballing than Ever The King was advis'd to draw near it to retain there some Servants that were still Loyal to his Majesty and he did so upon their Desire after they had remonstrated to him that otherwise all was lost And indeed his Remoteness had made it presum'd that he abandon'd that Beauteous Town but his Presence having giv'n another Opinion those who had as it were forsaken his Party made reflection upon the fault they had Committed and their thoughts were wholly how to repair it The Viscount de Turenne still Cover'd the Kings Person in a March that lasted above forty Leagues and after having Notice of his being arriv'd at Melun he lead his Army towards Chastres that so the Prince of Condé then at Estampes might have no longer any Communication with Paris All these motions that cou'd not be made without the Desolation of the Countrey rais'd a Murmuring in the People that began to grow weary of the War so as that several Deputations were made to the King to beseech him he wou'd distance the Cardinal from his Person after which he shou'd find as much Obedience as ever in Paris and in all the Rest of the Kingdom But the most trusty servants his Majesty had in that great Town told him without mentioning to him the removing this Minister out of the way that there needed no more than his returning thither to make all things hush again that the greater part of the Parliament and of the Citizens were very much undeceiv'd of the Prince of Conde after having seen him neglect their Interests to think barely of his own that this Disposition was to be improv'd and not to wait till he had regain'd their Confidence by new Artisices In a word that they stood Warrantees for the Event and that their Lives shou'd be answerable for it These Reasons joyn'd to the Desire the King had to make the Parisians still sensible of the Inconveniencies of the War that so they might have still the more Passion for Peace made his Majesty resolve upon Causing Estampes to be attack'd the taking of which wou'd have cut off the Communication with Orleans from whence they receiv'd a world of Wines and other things necessary to Life Yet wou'd â—e first know of the Viscount de Turenne if he approv'd of this Resolution But this General having represented to the King a world of Inconveniencies that might thence ensue the King left all things to his Ordering continu'd still in his Quarters near Chastres and Montlery In the mean while the Viscount de Turenne having Intimation that Mademoiselle d'Orleans the Duke of Orleans's Eldest Daughter had in her passage thorough Estampes desired to see the Prince of Conde's Leaguer in Arms he broak up with his own and Surpriz'd one of the Suburbs in the time the Enemies were Sprucing themselves up for that Review The Disorder therein was so great that most of the Troupers abandon'd their Horses and without Lauville the Mestre de Camp of the Regiment of Conti and who commanded the Guard and did effectually his Duty the Disorder had been much greater This Success having Surpass'd the Viscount de Turenne's hopes made him Change his mind and thinking to improve the Consternation the Enemies Army had plung'd them in he beseig'd Estampes that far from being a place of War has but one bare wall with a sorry Castle on the side of Dourden without Outworks without a Ditch nay and open on sundry sides But the Army within the Town supply'd all these Defects and an enterprize was it Sufficiently great to attack it there how ever sorry the Place Nevertheless the Viscount de Turenne having taken his Precautions rais'd his Assaults and Batteries and as he press'd the Town he had Notice that the Duke of Lorrain advanc'd to cause him to raise the Siege The Court having no Ressourse left if it chanc'd to loose it's Army was extremely Surpriz'd at this Tydings and not standing to consider what Course to take it dispatch'd away an Agent to this Duke to see whether his humour wou'd lead him to treat for some Money In the Int'rim the Viscount de Turenne had orders sent him to raise the Siege as soon as that Duke should draw near but his answer imported the thing not to be yet so Urging and that when it were so he wou'd take such Care that nothing ill shou'd come on 't The Duke of Lorrain having no greater Passion than to heap up Money was byast to the offers of the Court but as the point was the more or less he stay'd in the Neighbourhood of Paris under Colour of coming to Conferr with the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Condé there arose a Contest between him and the Prince of Condé for the rank and he caus'd it to last some days that so the Court might have time to bethink it self whether it shou'd give him what he demanded At last the Court not very opulent at that time having found the means to furnish the sum he requir'd it was agreed in Concert with the Duke of Orleans his Brother-in-Law that the Siege of Estampes shou'd be rais'd on Condition that as soon as the King's Army was drawn-off the Prince of Condé's Forces should Evacuate the Town The Duke of Lorrain having thus provided for his Honour talk'd of returning according to the obligation he lay under by a secret Treaty he had made with the Court But the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Condé exclaiming against him he promis'd to stay and instead of directing his March back for Flanders as he had engag'd to do he March'd away towards Corâ—â—al where he laid all the Open Country in Fire and Blood This oblig'd the Viscount de Turenne to March against him and some Hostilities having pass'd between the Two Armies the Duke of Lorrain took a Pretext from thence to say that the Court fail'd in its Parole to him and both Parties were oblig'd to come to New Explications But the Viscount de Turenne having learnt by Experience that mild Remedies had no effect upon him prepar'd to give him Battel The Duke
his Return that they might be imputed to some others and not to him But being known to give the turn to all things as well at a Distance as near at hand this piece of Craft render'd him but so much the more Odious The Duke of Orleans as I have said was withdrawn to Blois and the Duke d'Anvilie being his Confident but who out of hopes of a Greater fortune had promis'd friendship to the Cardinal perform'd several journies to endeavour to prevail with him to return to Court The Duke of Orleans who suffer'd himself to be easily govern'd already comply'd but his Wife who had still more Power over him than the Duke Danville interrupted his Negotiations out of the Aversion she bore the Queen-Mother the Cardinal Besides she lov'd Solitariness which making her Desire to spend her days remote from the tumult of the Court and from so many Intrigues with which she had been overwhelm'd since her marriage she at last prevail'd with her Husband to renounce all sorts of Caballs which was what the Cardinal most desired Thus this Ministers good luck having made him meet with easynesses which he cou'd not with any likelyhood have entertain'd the hopes of for if the Duke of Orleans had been so minded he might have deriv'd considerable Advantages for him and his if he had only feign'd to do in ConsIderation of the Cardinal what he did out of Complaisance for his Wife Fortune having thus declar'd her self for the Cardinal in a matter of such great moment his thoughts were wholly employ'd how to fix his Pow'r by Allyances with the most considerable Persons in the Kingdom and as the Prince of Conti who had been allways design'd for the Church had a Spirit far remote from that Profession he caus'd one of his Nieces to come from Italy being the Daughter of Roman Gentleman and offer'd her to this Prince with Considerable Advantages The Prince of Conti was loath to close with this Match but after having seen the Young Lady who had Merit and Beauty this Allyance did no longer Bug-bear him so very much to which he was still the more egg'd-on by People about him the Cardinal had gain'd They were perpetually representing to him that the Duke of Mercoeur had not made so much scruple tho' his did not turn so well to Account that the Prince of Conde his Brother being with the Enemies all his Riches all his Offices and all his Governments were for him if he knew but how to make use of his Good Fortune that there was no likelyhood of his ever making Peace after the Measures he had taken with the Spaniards that he was not to stand Sâ—illy-Shallying 'till some other was enrich'd with his Spoiles that the sooner the better and that perchance by overmuch paâ—sing and Deliberation he wou'd lose an Occasion never to be retriev'd These Discourses being familiar to the Prince of Conti he had no reluctance to resolve upon a thing he was allready egg'd-on to by his natural Levity In the mean while the Cardinal who had not yet lost hopes of coming to an Accomodation with the Prince of Conde deferr'd this Allyance untill he had seen his last Resolves and was very glad to give him Intimation of it that so out of the fear of losing all his Estate which was considerable he might not push things to Extremity But this Prince after having gone so far as he had done did not one minute stand pondering what Resolution to take and being besides Instigated by the Spaniards who promis'd him no less than giving him some Places in Sovereignty He us'd his utmost Endeavours to Enter France where he had still good Acquaintance This broke the Cardinalls Measures who had spar'd nothing to put the Army of Champagne in a state to reduce the Places which this Prince possess'd in that Province The Viscount de Turenne Commanded it to whom the Cardinal had at length granted the Government of Limosin He had besieg'd Rhetel which very much incommoded the People of Rheims they having sent to Court several times to beseech the King to deliver them from that Servitude The Prince of Condé making use of that time to Execute what he had resolv'd pass'd the Somme and being enter'd France caus'd all to Tremble to the very Gates of Paris Roy offer'd at some Opposition but its Chastizement for so doing follow'd so Close that the Other Towns became Wise at its Cost so as that they receiv'd in Garrisons and furnish'd him with all he stood in need of However he wou'd not divide his Forces wherefore resting satisfy'd with the Assurances they gave him of their Fidelity he still march'd further on hoping perhaps to cause some Sedition in Paris But seeing that no body stirr'd in his Behalf he repass'd the. Somme after having gain'd much Booty The Viscount de Turenne having had time to assure the taking of Rhetel march'd towards Picardy to oblige him to a Retreat But seeing he had prevented him His thoughts were only how to secure the Places upon the Somme which the Prince of Condé seem'd to threaten All Equally He put Succours into Peronne St. Quentin and Guise and staying in the Neighbourhood of Ham he kept in a Readiness to march where occasion requir'd The Prince of Condé seeing he broke all the Measures he cou'd take on that side made a feint of designing to attacque Arras so to draw him into Even Ground But the Viscount de Turenne having not forces to resist him troubl'd his Head not much about this Enterprize knowing the Place to be well provided with all Necessaries and keeping in his Camp he deferr'd resolving what Course to take till he shou'd be more particularly inform'd of his Designs The Prince of Condé seeing him remote took that time to beleaguer Rocroy and repairing thither with all his Army he Won it while the Viscount de Turenne made himself Master of Mouzon not but that he wou'd rather have reliev'd Rocroy but the Cardinal wou'd by no means venture a Battel fearing that if the Success prov'd adverse to him this might renew the Faction by the Advantages the Prince of Condé wou'd derive from his Victory Wherefore he Chose rather to reprisal that Loss by the taking of Sainte Menchou whither he sent the Mareschal du Plessis while the Viscount de Turenne observ'd the Prince of Condé During these Occurrences another Party was framing in Alsace where the Count de Harcourt seem'd to Erect a Sovereignty He had been Employ'd in the Beginning of the War of Guienne but being become Suspected to the Cardinal he was gone aside Malecontent upon a Suspicion he had of a Design to secure him He had afterwards found the means by forging false Orders to get himself receiv'd in Alsaâ—ia where he had so gain'd the Hearts of the Principal Officers that he made himself to be Master of the Principal Towns He gâ—ve out however that he held them for the King but insensibly attributed to himself a
to expose himself rather to all sorts of Perils than thus to be an Implement to his Intentions that if they believ'd him they wou'd treat with the Enemies about the Surrender of the Place that the King cou'd not take it ill of them since this was not done 'till after having defended the Walls in all Points as far as their Honour and the Duty of their Commands could require that on the contrary he would have reason to complain of them if to satisfy a Desperate Person they expos'd their Souldiers beyond what Reason and the Laws of War prescrib'd them Bois jourdan's Discourse was listen'd to with the more Delight out of the hatred that each one bore the Mareschal de Crequi who as he had very well urg'd had ever been very Course in his Behaviour to his Officers Thus All having approv'd what he had said he was authoriz'd to treat with the Enemies The Mareschal de Crequi having had the Wind of so extraordinary a Transaction could not believe it if Boisjourdan did not assure him of it himself and knowing him to be upon the Rempart he repair'd thither with Motions of Anger which nevertheless he endeavour'd to dissemble But Boisjourdan joyning Impudence to Treason made him quickly burst out from the Constraint he was under by his Insolent discourse to him Then the Mareschal de Crequi being no longer able to curb himself laid his hand to his Sword and oblig'd him to leap into the Ditch Boisjourdan went to inform the Enemies that it was time to render themselves Masters of the Town but tho' they made use of his Advertisement they let him see the Esteem People have for Traytors for they would not give him a Retreat This oblig'd him to endeavour to make his Escape but being known at Metz he was secur'd and afterwards Beheaded too mild a Punishment for such a piece of Treason as his In the Interim Trier was taken half willingly half by force and the Marschal de Crequi having refus'd to sign the Capitulation that had been agreed on by Boisjourdan was made Prisoner of War The Enemies kept but ill the Conditions they had granted for as there had been those that had turn'd their Arms against them at their Entrance into the Town they made use of that Pretext to content their Avarice and their Cruelty Several Soldiers were Stript severall Houses Plunder'd and severall Women ravish'd which made the French for reprizals severely treat some Towns they took But all this was not capable of Comforting them for the losses they had newly made and which wou'd have had great Consequences if the Duke of Lorrain had known how to improve the victory But having embroil'd himself with the heads of the Troups that had help'd him to win it he could not enter France as otherwise wou'd have been easy for him to have done for there was no longer any Army to defend the Frontier and the heart being inclin'd as it was to revolt he had put the State into a strange Combustion On the side of Catalonia matters went a little more happily the Count de Schomberg recover'd the Castle of Bellegarde and having thereby affranchiz'd Roussillon from the Servitude it was under he carry'd his Arms into La Cerdaigne a Province of small extent but sufficiently fertile We also gain'd some petty Advantages in Sicily where we took the City of Augusta However the King having had the Complaisance to send thither the Duke of Vivonne in the room of de Vallavoir who minded more his own Concerns than those of his Party he atchiev'd nothing considerable though he had forces sent him capable of putting Affairs into a better Condition The King after having Committed this fault Committed a Second in not recalling him for he knew very well that he had not sufficient Experience for an Enterprize of that Moment add to this that though he had had sufficient he lov'd his Pleasures too much to apply himself in due manner to Affairs but he was link'd to his Majesty by too Charming Considerations for him to inspect matters so narrowly he was Madame de Montespan's Brother who had taken Madame de la Valliere's place which this latter had laid so to heart that she had thrown her self into a Convent Nevertheless all these things wou'd not have much troubled the King but for the loss of the Viscount de Turenne who on the twenty seventh of July had been kill'd by a Canon shot This Prince was advanc'd at the head of his Victorious Troups against Montecuculi an old Captain that had made War for above these fifty years and who on the Account of his Age was Excus'd from serving the year afore These two Generals possessing almost an Equal Experience having put in practice all that War had most refin'd and crafty made appear in five or six weeks time that a Good General is not forc'd to fight but when he pleases for though they were still near one another not one of the two found the Occasion to attacque The Viscount de Turenne seeing these Difficulties was contriving to take Welstadt thereby to Cut off the Enemies Communication with Strasburg that in appearance remain'd in Neutrality but would have been very willing to break it in their favour Montecuculi having Suspected his Design caus'd Troups to file off thither but the Viscount de Turenne having taken his measures remote they got thither first All these Paces did not please the People of Strasburg whose Territory was equally a Prey to both Parties for which reason many wou'd have had them declare themselves Speedily But the wisest being of a Contrary Opinion remonstrated that though they suffer'd every year by the Neighbourbood of the two Armies it was notwithstanding more advantageous to them than to be Expos'd to those Inconveniences as to Espouse any Party that Both were Equally dangerous because that in endeavouring to shew themselves Independent they wou'd perhaps suddainly fall into servitude that after this they could not refuse the entrance of their Town to those on Whose side they should have declar'd themselves and who should assure them that either the One or Other would not Seize on it seeing themselves there the masters that good sense requir'd the never receiving into ones Walls any Body that cou'd be suspected that the Efforts Both sides made to Engage them on their Respective sides should sufficiently acquaint them what Importance their Town was of The Emperour and the King made them a thousand fair Promises to bring that about but the former nothwithstanding the advice of the Wisest advanc'd his Affairs much more then the latter all whose offers were Equally Suspected The Viscount de Turenne knowing the Disposition People were in at Strasbourgh sent thither to Threaten them which a little Curb'd their Spirits for they All making Reflexion that this great Man might still this Campagn have again the same Success he had had in the former dreaded least he might turn his Army against their Town In