to another And therefore by what meanes as we thinke he attained thereunto namely to win their love we will endeavour to declare First and formost at all times he shewed unto them especially as much as he could humanity and kindnesse of heart supposing this with himselfe that as it is no easie matter to love those which seem to hate us nor to will well to them that are ill minded unto us so it is impossible that they whose love and good will is once knowne should be odious unto those who thought they were beloved of them Wherefore so long as he was not so well stored with money nor had wherewith to be liberall by provident care over them whom he kept about him as also by his forwardnesse in paines taking before them by open declaring that he rejoyced at their well doings and grieved at their misfortunes he endeavoured to win their hearts and gaine their friendship But after he had gotten so much aforehand as that he was able by bountifull giving to be beneficiall he judged as we suppose first and principally that men esteemed no benefits of the same cost and value more welcome and acceptable than the participation of meats and drinks Being I say of this opinion he tooke up this order first at his owne table that what meats himselfe used to feed upon the like thereto should alwaies be served up unto him but sufficient to content and satisfie many men besides And looke what viands soever were set upon the bourd he ever dealt among his favourites whom he thought well of all the same save onely such dishes as himselfe and those who sat with him at the table fed upon thereby to shew that he was mindfull of them or else to testifie his bounteous mind Moreover he was wont to send meats unto them whose diligent service either in keeping watch and ward or in obsequious attendance or in some other actions he highly admired thereby to declare that he would have them know how willing he was to gratifie them And even his very houshold servitours he would honour and grace by sending them dishes from his owne table whensoever he had commended any of them Yea and all the cates for his said servants hee would have to stand upon his owne bourd thinking that even this also would win their hearts and gaine a certaine love from them like as we see it usually doth in hounds And if he were desirous that any of his friends should be esteemed and loved of many more besides even to them also would he send somewhat from his owne bourd In so much as at this very day unto whom men see any viands sent from the Kings table they all count them so much the more as whom they repute to be honourable persons and able enough to doe them good and to speed their suits if need required And not onely in these respects aforesaid whatever is sent from a King is acceptable and delightsome but also in very deed those meats which come from a Kings table be exceeding sweet and delicate And no mervaile they should be so For like as all other arts be in great cities most perfect and exquisite even so Kings meats are above other very curiously and finely handled For in small townes it falleth out that one and the same man maketh a bedsted a doore a plough and a table yea and many a time beleeve me the same party also buildeth an house and is well appayed if by this meanes he can meet with any to set him aworke whereby he may find a competent living And verily it cannot be that he who practiseth many arts should performe them all very well and excellently Whereas in great and populous cities because many men have need of one and the same thing one severall science is sufficient for each man to maintaine and keep him And many a time lesse than one whole and entier mystery will doe it For yee shall have one man make shooes for men another for women Yea and that which is more one man findeth a good living by sowing shooes onely whiles another liveth by bare cutting them out In like manner you shall see one that cutteth out and shapeth garments and doth nought else another practiseth none of all that but setteth and soweth the peeces together And therefore it must needs be that he who is occupied in the shortest peece of worke is able to doe that passing well The selfe-same thing is to be seene in our diet and house-keeping For whosoever he is that hath one and the same man to make his bed to cover the bourd to mould loaves and to make bread to dresse now this dish of meat then that he must in my conceit have every thing done but so so and as it hapneth But when one man hath enough to doe to boyle another to rost flesh one to seethe fishes another to fry or broyle them and another to make loaves of bread and those not moulded after divers fashions but serve the turne it will if in some one kind the same be passing well and perfitly done it cannot then otherwise be but that these things in this wise made should every one be excellently wrought and so by consequence the fare in Court surpasseth all other Well after this manner in winning the hearts of those about him he went farre beyond all other Princes But how in all things else he excelled for making much of them I will now declare For albeit he outwent all other Potentates in this that hee received most revenues yet he surmounted them much more in liberall gifts And this munificence began in Cyrus first and hath continued ever since to this present day with all the Kings of Persia. For who is he that hath richer friends and favorites openly knowne than the Persian King What Prince is seene to array his followers in more gorgeous and sumptuous robes than this King Whose gifts are knowne to be such as some of this Kings are to wit bracelets collars and cheines horses also with bridles and trappings of gold For in Persia none may have these but of the Kings gift Who but he hath the name by his large gifts to bring this to passe that he is preferred in love before brethren parents and children who besides him was able so to be revenged of his enemies distant though they were from him many moneths journey as the King of Persia who againe but Cyrus having conquered a mighty Monarchie ended his life so as at his dying day he could get the name of a father among all his subjects and evident it is that this name is attributed unto him rather who giveth benefits than to one that taketh ought away Moreover we have heard it reported that such as are called the Eyes and Eares of Kings he procured to himselfe by no other meanes but by largesse and giving great rewards For when he highly fed with gifts those who brought him intelligence of
times unto them the expectance of good things deceive them it will come to passe in the end that when such an one sheweth in truth assured hope he shal not be able to perswade them And therefore my Sonne you ought to take heed and spare to speake that which you know not for certaine Well may other men sometime so doe and cast out words to that purpose but it behooveth a Captaine to reserve his owne encouragement to the greatest daungers and extremities that it may carry the most credit Now beleeve me Father me thinks you speake this very well and being so delivered it pleaseth me better CHAP. IX How a Prince may gaine the obedience of his people Vanquish his enemies and get the attribute of wise and vertuous BVr how to make my souldiours obedient unto me I thinke not Father that I am now to learne For you have taught me this your selfe even immediatly from mine infancie when you enforced me to obey you Afterwards you recommended mee in my childhood to Schoole-masters and they inured me likewise to the same Also what time I was raunged among the young men our Governour was very carefull and diligent in this behalfe Yea and most of our lawes seeme to prescribe these two points especially To Rule and To be ruled And therefore when I consider throughly these matters in generall mee thinkes I observe thus much that the thing which moveth men most effectually to obedience is both to praise and honour him that obeyeth and also to disgrace and punish the disobedient Indeed my sonne quoth he this is the ready way to cause men to obey by constreint but to make men of their owne accord obedient which is farre better there is a more compendious course to be taken For whom men thinke to be more wise in procuring their owne good than themselves him right gladly they will obey And this you may know to be true as in many other instances so in sicke folke how forward are they to call for Physicians that should prescribe and direct what they ought to doe Semblably at Sea how cheerefully doe the passengers obey the Pilots Likewise looke whom men suppose to know the avenues and waies better than themselves how earnestly strive they to follow such guides and will not by their good wills be left behind But contrariwise when they thinke that by obeying they shall take some harme they will neither yeeld much for any punishment nor yet be stirred up with rewards For no man willingly taketh any gifts to his owne hurt Then Father quoth Cyrus your words import thus much that there is nothing more available to keepe subjects in obeisance than for a Ruler to be reputed wiser than they This is my meaning in deed said he But how may a man Father quoth Cyrus soonest acquire such an opinion and esteeme of him selfe There is not my sonne a neerer way saith Cambyses than to be prudent in very deed in those things wherein a man would be thought wise Doe but consider hereof in particular and you shall find that I say true For if you would be taken for a good Husbandman an expert horseman a skilfull Physician a cunning Musician or any such when you are in truth nothing lesse marke what a number of shifts you must devise to maintaine this outward semblance And say that by your perswasioÌ„ many men fal to praise you to the end that therby you might raise a glorious name of your selfe so as you have now laid a good foundation and possessed every of them with a singular conceit of you First you should but deceive them for the present and soone after when you come to the triall bewray what you are and so appeare in your owne colours a vaine boaster But how might a man Father in very deed attaine unto such wisedome as to foresee what in future time will be expedient Truly even thus my sonne said Cambyses If so be you study to get as much as may be had by learning like as you are taught already the skill of marshalling an armie But what things soever men cannot learne by discipline nor foresee by humane wisedome if you by divination and oracles consult with the Gods thereabout you shall be wiser than other men especially if when you know what is best to be done you be carefull withall to put the same in execution For to be industrioâ—s in procuring of things requisite is the part of a wiseman rather than to be altogether negligent in that behalfe Moreover to winne the love of subjects a point which I hold chiefe and principall evident it is that the same way would be taken as if a man desired to be loved of his friends For I suppose that to effect this he must endevour to be seene bountifull and beneficiall A difficult matter it is my sonne for a man to be able alwaies to pleasure whom he would But to shew himselfe joyfull and ready to congratulate their good fortune and with them to grieve and take heavily any adverse calamitie as also to be prest and ready to relieve them in distresse to be affraied aforehand least they doe amisse to labour also to prevent and provide that they doe not stumble and fall in these cases I say hee ought in some sort to goe even with them and beare them companie To come now to the practise of armes If service fall out to be performed in Summer season a Generall must in all mens sight endure the heat of the Sunne aboue the rest semblably in Winter time abide most cold and where travaile is required there is he to take the greatest paines For all these things make much to the winning of his souldiers hearts And say you so Father quoth he should a Captaine in deed be more painfull every way than his men that serve under him Yea ywis that is my saying Howbeit my sonne be of good cheere and be not dismayed thereat For know you this that the same labours be not in semblable bodies of a chiefe Commaunder and a private souldiour grievous alike both because in a Commaunder the respect of honour maketh the travaile some-what lighter and also for that he knoweth whatsoever he atchieveth shall not be hidden but openly seene But Father when souldiers are now well provided of necessaries when they be in good health and able to travaile when they be trained in martiall feats and have a kinde of ambitious humour desirous to appeare valiant and withall take more pleasure to obey than to be stubborne and disobedient thinke you not father the man wise who then would make hast to encounter his enemies Yes truly said he if he might get the better of them If not I for my part verily as I thought both my selfe to be in better case and my followers also better appointed so much the more would be wary and take better heed like as all other things that we thinke most precious and set greatest store by we
than thou to me for having her of mee So desirous am I to gratifie you all Thus he that requested the woman had her for his owne THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. How Araspes had the keeping of faire Panthea on whom he became enamoured A discourse betweene Cyrus and him whether Love were voluntary or forced CYRVS having called unto him Araspes the Median who had beene his companion of a child to whom also he had given from his backe at his departure from Astyages into Persia the rich Median robe aforesaid commaunded him to take the custodie as well of the beautifull Ladie as of the rich tent abovesaid to his use Now was this Gentlewoman the wife of Abradat as King of Susa. But what time as the Assyrian Campe became surprized this husband of hers was not there but gone in Embassage unto the King of the Bactrians sent thither from the Assyrian Monarch to treat of an Association in warre betweene them For that there was a mutuall course of hospitalitie betwixt him and the King of the Bactrians This Ladie I say Cyrus commaunded Araspes to keepe safe untill he tooke her to himselfe Anasprs having this charge questioned with him about her in this wise Have you quoth he ô Cyrus seene the woman whom you will mee to keepe No truly said Cyrus not I. But I quoth he againe beheld her well when I chose her for you And verily at our comming into her tent at first wee knew her not from others For shee was set upon the ground with all her waiting maids about her and clad shee was like unto them But when upon a desire that we had to know which was the Mistresse and cast our eyes about wistly avising them all it was soone seene how farre shee surmounted the rest set though shee were wimpled and veiled yea and looking downward to the ground But when wee willed her to arise upon her feet and therewith all the other that were about her arose likewise then shee surpassed them all indeed First in tallnesse and goodly presence then in the strong feature of her body in her vertuous carriage also in a seemely grace and lovely favour albeit shee stood araied in poore and simple habit We might withall see plainly the teares partly distilling upon her mantle and upper garments and in part trickling downe to her very feet Hereupon when as the eldest person in our companie said unto her Madam bee of good cheere For albeit we heare say that you have a goodly Gentleman and a valiant to your husband yet now wote well we chuse you forth for such a person as neither in beautie and favour nor in discreet judgement ne yet in puissance and valour is inferiour to him but in our conceit if there bee any one else 〈◊〉 the world Cyrus I assure you is the man worthy to be admired and his from hence forth you shall be The woman when shee heard this all to rent her mantle from above and cryed out piteously yea her maid-servants also with her skriked out amaine With that the most part of her face was seene her necke bared her hands and armes discovered And assure your selfe Cyrus quoth he that as well to mee as to all the rest who saw her it seemed there was never yet the like woman in Asia begotten and borne of mortall parents Therefore you also shall neither will nor chuse but see her Not so quoth Cyrus If she be so goodly a creature as you report so much the lesse will I behold her And why so Sir said the young Gentleman Because quoth he if now upon your report that shee is faire and beautifull I should be perswaded to goe and eye her having no great leisure and time to spare I feare mee least shee might eftsoones allure me sooner to come eftsoones for to view and review her againe and so perhaps neglecting my serious and weighty affaires which I ought to manage I should set by it avising and looking upon her Why quoth the said young Gentleman and laughed withall Thinke you Cyrus that the beautie of man or woman is so powerfull as to enforce any one against his will to doe otherwise than for the best For if said hee it were so by the course of nature it would force all indifferently Behold the fire here quoth he burneth all men alike and why because such is the nature of it And of beautifull women men love some and others they doe not One is enamoured of this thing and another of that For why love quoth he is a passion meere voluntary and every man liketh what and whom he listeth Now you see that the brother is not in love with his sister but a stranger is Neither falleth the father in fancie with his owne daughter another doth For feare and law are sufficient to restraine love But if a law were made that who eare not should not be hungry who drinke not should not be dry Also that no man should be a cold in Winter nor hote in Summer how strictly soever it were devised and penned it could not bring to passe that men in those points would obey the same For by nature they are framed to yeeld thereto But to love is meere voluntary Every man to say a truth affecteth the things that be his owne as his raiment his shooes c. Then replyed Cyrus If love be voluntary how is it that a man cannot ceasse to love when he will For I my selfe have seene men to wâ—epe for every sorrow occasioned by love yea and to become bond and thrall to those whom they loved how-ever before they were in love they reputed servitude and bondage to be very evill Yea I have observed them to give away many things which without their losse and hinderance they might not misse who also wished of God for to be delivered from love no lesse than from some other grievous maladie yet could not be released therefrom but were bound with a stronger duresse of necessitie than if they had beene tyed with chaines of yron Hence it is that they yeeld themselves thrall unto their Paramours ready even to performe many idle and foolish services unto them yea and being once thus encumbred and distressed with these miseries they never so much as give the attempt to get away but rather become Gaolers themselves unto their beloved observing them narrowly that they make no escape They doe indeed thus as you say quoth the young Knight poore wretches as they be And therefore I suppose being in this miserable case they alwaies wish indeed to die but notwithstanding there bee ten thousand meanes to make themselves away yet they doe it not And even these selfe-same men also to mainteine their lives fall to stealing and forbeare not other mens goods yet when any have either robbed or filched ought see you not how your selfe with the first as if there were no necessitie of such theeving accuse the theefe and robber neither doe you pardon
CYRUPAEDIA OR The Institution and Life of CYRUS King of Persians Written in Greek by XENOPHON Translated into English BY Philêmon Holland Dr. in Physick Ao. Dom 1632. Printed for Robert Allot CYRUS Major Persarum Rex 〈…〉 Monarcha CAROLUS D. G. Britannor Rex Magnae Britanniae Monarcha CYRVPAEDIA THE INSTITVTION AND LIFE OF CYRVS THE FIRST OF THAT NAME KING OF PERSIANS Eight Bookes Treating of Noble Education of Princely Exercises Military Discipline VVarlike Stratagems Preparations and Expeditions as appeareth by the Contents before the beginning of the first Booke Written in Greeke by the Sage XENOPHON Translated out of Greeke into English and conferred with the Latine and French Translations by Philemon Holland of the City of Coventry Doctor in Physick Dedicated to his most Excellent MAIESTY LONDON Printed by I. L. for Robert Allot and are to be sold at the signe of the Beare in Pauls Church-yard 1632. To my Worthy and Learned Friend Philêmon Holland Doctor of Physicke on his Translations WHEN truce on Death thy pow'rfull Art had prest And Hels grim Ferriman had forc't to rest Thy rest learn'd Holland was from pitchy night And darknesse damn'd to bring to publike light Knowledge of Times and States which antique Rolles Had veyld and wrapt in Greeke and Latine scrolles Hence hath our Language Natures mysteries Moralls Domestique foreine Histories England knowes England For the thanke is thine That Pliny Livy Plutarch Marcelline Suetonius Camdens Britaine Xenophon Speake English now can stand alone But though thy skill o're Lethe and Styx have power Can save what Death and Time would else devoure Yet can it not escape that blatant Beast Which at the heeles dogges vertue whose chiefe feast Is gall of base Detraction which barkes That Learning earst engross'd by languag'd Clarks Entaild on Gownes by the Translatours pen Is now made common to meere Englishmen And why should Spanish French and other Nations Rather than wee make use of such Translations Why should not Courtiers reade what Courtiers write And Souldiours know what Souldiours doe recite Besides that Authours oft are rectifi'd In the translating and their wants suppli'd I wish in Arts as Story we might save Labour and time for language wee should have Sooner and sounder Science fill our mind With things not words eat fruit not gnaw the rind Live long grave Sir and write write thus so shall The publique profit grow th' Ingrossers fall Greeke spight and Latine envy breake their gall THOMAS FARNABY Armig. To Doctor HOLLAND upon this his Translation VVith the prime Poems of their faetuous Bray'n The learned Bards of great Augustus daies Presented Caesar Caesar them againe Besides great Gifts with his own learned Layes With no lesse Bounty learned Holland play 's With his great Master famous Xenophon To Hollands youth He the Greeke Tongue bewray's Him teaching t' understand it as his owne In guerdon of whose paines Holland him pay's Shall I be bold to make the Paragon The English with the Greeke in equall praise A full smooth Language yielding unto none That when unequally I come to paize Them Both in Ballance of Comparison My doubtfull Mind 's divided divers Wayes Whom to prayse most with thanks and thereupon Determine thus to say as Paris say's They both deserve the Garland to have won Yet if ought odds there beene thine be the Bayes Grave learned Holland who so long agon Dead in his Grave thy Master now dost raise And adde new Life to his dry'd Skelliton Making him proud translated thus to bee From Greece to England and to learne of Thee W Lathom Gen. To learned Dr. Philemon Holland the faithfull Translatour of Xenophon HOvv well hast thou laid out thy aged sweat To benefit thy Country to repeat Those sober Rules examples which declare Thy Authours ripenesse and thy learned Care How sweet a weight dwells in thy cleanly Stile Each English tongue must speak 't none can defile Thy honour bought with paines or dare bespaule Wise Innocence with their ignorant Gall Such vertue stands above their Malice blest But this Translation shall speake the rest Which shall remaine admir'd till Time betray By breaking of his Glasse the Worlds decay Io Hall Hosp Gray Gen. Of Doctor Philemon Holland BEfore thy rare Worke I shall truly prize Let mee thy Name first Etymologize Learned Philêmon which unlesse I misse Wee call Deosculor i. sweetly to kisse When Iupiter with Mankinde much offended From high Olympus to the Earth descended With Mercury the better how to know How all affaires were manag'd here below No Creature save Philêmon he could find To give him Food or welcome to his mind For which his Cottage he a Temple made And lest his memory by Time should fade When he grew old as Thou Philêmon now To a faire Oake with many a spreading bow He chang'd the good old man to yield such Mast. As should both Memory and Time out-last Wee live not in an age so dull and rude But of the Gods wee can learne Gratitude Acknowledging by many a sweet Translation What profit Thou hast brought unto our Nation Into the Greekish Treasures thou hast broake Plutarch and Xenophon have English spoake And though They living no such Language knew As dead long since their Works to us are new Latine did at our Barbarisme once hisse Thy refin'd Pen hath made them sweetly kisse Picking from them the best and choisest Flow'res By making Pliny and Suetonius ours So much our English is now growne so rare It may with either of those Tongu's compare Iâ—ves Tree decay Thou canst not or if dead Yet from Thy Mast how many shall be fed Who Thy Translations read If King CHARLES give Grace to Thy Worke King CHARLES shall ever live An observer of all true Worth and Learning THOMAS HEYVVOOD Gen. To my worthy friend Mr. HENRY HOLLAND the publisher of this His Fathers Worke. TWixt Parent and the Issue I have hear'd Ther 's a Descending Love but ever fear'd To speake of Love that did Ascend till now But Harry Holland In this Worke I vow To doe thy Father right thy Toyle thy paine From home to 'th Presse from the Presse home againe To see this thing Corrected that Amended Perswades mee now thy Love hath much transcended Th' art too as good a Subject as a Sonne Vnto thy Liege For whose sake this was done Idem THOMAS HEYVVOOD THE Translatour once caused in a faire Signet of a Gold Ring to bee engraven in the midst of the colit the heart of a man all naked or plaine insteed of an Embleme about which there went round this Symbolum or double Anagram of both his Names to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Philemon Holandus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 implying thus much in Latine Animus praesens fraudum expers A ready heart without deceit Verum Amicorum signum Both which members of the sentence joyned togither make up this one Hexameter with the addition of 〈◊〉 That signifieth est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A
you never fled from us You also King of Armenia have away with you both your wife and children without any ransome at all that they may know they come unto you free And now verily for this present take your suppers with us and when yee have supped Depart whither yee list So they stayed But after supper whiles they were yet in the pavilion Cyrus questioned in this manner Tell me Tigranes quoth he what is become of the Gentleman that was wont to hunt with us For you highly esteemed him Why quoth he hath not this my father here put him to death Of what offense said Cyrus was he convict Hee laid to his charge quoth he that he corrupted me And yet my deere Cyrus so good a man he was and so honest that even then when he was to die he called unto mee and said Bee not you greived Tigranes and offended with your father in that he mindeth to take away my life For he doth not this in any malice but of errour and ignorance And what trespasse men upon errour doe commit I suppose is done against their wils At these words said Cyrus Alas good man that he was But the Armenian King turning unto Cyrus spake in this wise Neither doe those good Cyrus who take other men naught with their wives pursue them therefore to death for that they make their wives more wanton and unchast but because they thinke they steale away their hearts and quench that love which they owe unto them in which regard they proceed against them as very enemies And even so Ielous was I and envied that man because me thought he was the cause that my sonne admired and esteemed him more than my selfe Then Cyrus So God me love good King of Armenia as I thinke your fault was no other than any man would have done Therefore Tigranes pardon your Father for this Gentlemans death Thus having at that time discoursed lovingly entertained and embraced one another as meet it was after this reconciliation they mounted upon their carroches togither with their wives and so with great joy departed CHAP. III How Cyrus tooke Tigranes with him in his traine and went to assaile the Chaldees upon the mountaines WHEN they were come home some made report of Cyrus his wisedome others related his patience and sufferance one spake of his mildnesse another of his beautie and goodly tall presence Whereupon Tigranes asked his owne wife and said How now my Armenian Ladie Seemed Cyrus in your eyes also a faire and beautifull personage In good faith quoth she I never looked upon him Whom then did you behold said Tigranes Even him I assure you quoth she who said That with the price of his life he would redeeme mee from captivitie And then as meet it was after such matters as these passed they tooke their rest togither The day following the Armenian King sent unto Cyrus and the whole armie gifts and tokens of hospitalitie He gave warning also to his owne subjects such as were to goe to warfare for to be ready against the third day following As for the money whereof Cyrus spake he payed it downe double But Cyrus when he had taken of it so much as he required sent backe the rest and demaunded withall whether of them twaine would lead the armie The sonne or himselfe Whereunto both of them made answere the father in this wise Even hee whom you shall commaund but the sonne after this sort as for mee ô Cyrus I will not leave you no though I should follow you hard at heeles as a Campe drudge Hereat Cyrus laughed heartily and said And how much would you be content to give for to have your wife heare you are become a Campe slave and to carry fardels Shee shall never need quoth he to heare that For I will bring her along with me that shee may see what ever I doe But now said Cyrus it were time for you to trusse up and be furnished every way for this journey I make full accompt quoth Tigranes that we shall shew our selves in readinesse with whatsoever my father hath allow'd And so for that time the soldiers after gifts of friendly entertainment bestowed upon them went to rest The next day Cyrus taking to him Tigranes with the best and most select horsemen of the Medes as many also of his owne friends as he thought convenient rode abroad to view the country of Armenia devising where he might build a fortresse And being mounted up to an hill top hee asked Tigranes which were those mountaines from whence the Chaldees used to make rodes downe into the plaines and so to drive away booties Which when Tigranes had shewed unto him he asked againe whether those mountaines were now without companie and unfrequented No verily quoth he for they have alwaies certeine spies and Sentinels who signifie to the rest whatsoever they discover And what doe they saith he when they have notice of any thing Every man saith Tigranes makes what hast he can up to the hill tops for to help and succor When Cyrus heard this and withall beheld the country all about he might perceive that a great part thereof lay as wast ground to the Armenians and untilled by reason of the warres Then for that time returned they to the armie and after supper tooke their repose and slept The morrow next ensuing Tigranes shewed himselfe ready and well appointed having raised a power of foure thousand Horsemen with ten thousand Archers and as many Targuatiers But whiles these forces were a levying Cyrus sacrificed and seeing the entrails of the beasts to be faire and fortunate to him he called togither the Leaders both of the Persians and of the Medes and in the presence of that Assembly made this speech My welbeloved friends These mountaines that we see belong to the Chaldaees which if we may first be masters off and on the top of them build a fort and plant our garrison of necessitie as well the Chaldaees as the Armenians will demeane themselves loyally toward us As for our sacrifices they betoken all good on our side and as touching mans alacritie and humane meanes nothing will so much help the same forward to the atchieving of this exploit as expedition For if we can climb up the hils before the enemies assemble their power we shall either gaine the hill tops wholly without any resistance or else skirmish with our enemies when they are but few in number and feeble in strength No labour therefore can be easier and more void of daunger than if presently we be resolute in celeritie and quicke dispatch Arme your selves therefore on all hands As for you the Medes march on our left hand but yee the Armenians goe one halfe of you on the right side and the other halfe lead the way in the vaward before us Yee that bee horsemen follow behind in the Rear to incite and put us forward up the hill neither suffer yee any one faintly to draw backe When
unto his soldiours How Cyrus and they afterwards joyned battaile wherein the Assyrians were discomfited THus were the souldiers of Cyrus occupied by which time the Assyrians having dined already sallied boldly out of their campe made a bravado and with resolute hearts stood strongly appointed in battaile ray The King himselfe in person mounted in his chariot did put them in order and withall in this manner exhorted them Now is the time ô yee Assyrians when yee must shew your valour For now are yee to fight for your lives for the soyle wherein yee were borne for the houses in which yee were fostered for your wives and children and for all the goods that yee have If yee atchieve the victorie Lords yee shall be of all this as heretofore but if ye be vanquished wote well that yee must forgoe all and leave the same to your enemies Stand to it therefore and fight manfully as becommeth those that affectionately do love victorie For meere folly it were that such as desire victory should flie away and turne unto the view of their enemies the blind backe parts such as be neither armed nor furnished with hands And a foole he is who desirous to live goes about to run away as being assured that the winners are they who shall be safe where as they that flie shall sooner die than those that tarry by it A foole also he is and no better who coveting wealth suffreth himselfe to be overcome For who knoweth not that the Conquerours save their owne goods and besides the same gaine also the goods of their enemies conquered Whereas they that be subdued shall at once lose both themselves and all that they have Whiles the Assyrian King was thus busied Cyaxares sent some unto Cyrus who said That now the opportunity of time served to lead forward and to set upon the enemie For how ever few of them are issued forth without the trench by that time quoth he that we be come unto them they will be very many Let us not stay therefore and wait untill they be more in number than we but set forward whiles we thinke we may easily overmatch them Cyrus answered I would have you to understand ô Cyaxares that unlesse more than the halfe part of them be vanquished they will give out that we for feare of their multitude did charge but a few of them and therefore they will not take themselves to be defaited so that you must then fight a second field wherein peradventure they will be better provided and use more policy than now they doe offring themselves to us so as that we may at our owne choise fight with what number soever we will The messengers when they heard this departed Meane while Chrysantas the Persian came and certaine other of the Peeres and Gentlemen bringing with them those that had runne from the enemies part unto them Of whom Cyrus enquired as meet it was what his enemies were a doing Who answered That they were already come forth of the campe all armed That the King himselfe being without was setting them in array and encouraging them ever as they issued forth with many words and those very forcible as they affirmed who heard him speake Hereat Chrysantas What and if quoth hee you also ô Cyrus would draw your souldiers togither while you have time and exhort them should not you likewise make them more hardie Tush said Cyrus let the perswasive orations of the Assyrian King my good Chrysantas never trouble you For no exhortation wil be so effectual as to make men the very same day that they heare it of cowards to be valiant nor Archers unlesse they had beforehand beene exercised in that feat nor Darters ne yet horsmen nay it will not worke thus much as to cause them to be able in body for to endure paines taking except they were trained before therein But yet replyed Chrysantas it would suffice if by your exhortation you could but make their hearts more courageous Why quoth Cyrus is one dayes work or one oration able not onely to replenish the hearts of the hearers with modest shame or reclaime them from things dishonest and unbeseeming but also to excite and stirre them up for the love of praise and glory to determine for to undergoe all labour and adventure all perils and to grow unto this stedfast resolution that better it is for men to fight valiantly and so to die than to run away and save their lives Also to the imprinting quoth he of such thoughts in mens minds and to retaine the same there firmely fixed is it not behovefull That first there were such positive lawes by vertue whereof for valiant men there should be provided a worshipfull and free life but upon cowards might be imposed a base grievous and unpleasant condition Then there ought to be Mrs. I suppose and Governors appointed beside who may rightly instruct accustome them to perform the same so long untill this opinion be surely settled namely to repute in very deed valiant and noble men happiest and to thinke cowards and obscure persons of all others most miserable For in this wise ought they to be affected who will shew that discipline availeth more than the feare that ariseth from the enemies But if a man when souldiours are going armed into the field what time many of them forgoe and forget even their old lessons and principles were able at the instant with a subitary speech to make them brave and worthy warriours certes it were the easiest matter in the world both to learne and also to teach the most excellent vertue of all others that belongeth to a man And verily for mine owne part I would not beleeve That even these here whom we have now with us and have trained up and exercised will constantly persevere and abide to the end but that I see you present in place both willing to give them good example how they ought to carry themselves and able also to suggest unto them that which haply they have forgotten But as for those quoth he my Chrysantas who are altogither raw and untrained in vertue and prowesse I would much marvaile if an oration with a goodly grace pronounced could helpe them more to attaine unto valiantnesse than a song sweetly chaunted edifie those in the knowledge of musicke that are altogither ignorant of that science In this manner reasoned and discoursed they By which time Cyaxares sent eftsoones unto Cyrus charging him in plaine termes that he did amisse to delay the time so long and not with all expedition march against the enemies Then Cyrus returned this answer unto his messengers Let Cyaxares quoth he understand That they are not come forth as many of them as should And thus much tell him from me in the hearing of all Neverthelesse because it is his mind I will anon set forward Having thus said and made his oraisons unto the Gods he brought forth his forces Now when he began to march still faster
but if he perceived any to be tumultuous and disorderly after the cause thereof knowne he would labour to appease the misrule One thing there remaineth yet as touching the diligence and care which he shewed in the night march namely that he sent forth before the whole armie certaine footmen lightly appointed and those not many in number who being both seene of Chrysantas and also seeing him should as Otacusts listen and advertise him of all occurrents occasions and opportunities presented And one there was over these Avantcurriers to rule and order them and whatsoever was ought worth and materiall he would give notice thereof and what was not hee troubled him not with shewing the same And thus verily marched he by night But when the day was come certaine of the Cadâ—sian horsemen heâ—cleft with their Infantery marching as they did hinmost for that they should not goe naked and destitute of men of Armes the rest hee commaunded to ride on to the Vantguard because the enemies affronted it to the end that if any encountred full opposite unto him he having the strength of his armie in battaile ray might make head and fight with them but if they were seene any whereto flie he might be most ready to pursue them for he had ever about him some appointed to follow the chace when there was need of pursuit others againe to abide with him for never would he suffer a whole Regiment to be dismembred In this wise led Cyrus his Armie forth Yet kept not he himselfe alwayes in one place but riding to and fro and up and down surveied his souldiers and with good care tooke order for whatsoever they wanted Thus much of the march of Cyrus and his host CHAP. VI. A Conspiracy against Gadatas An Ambush layd by the Assyrian King Where hee received a great overthrow How Cyrus saved Gadatas and all his men NOvv it happened that a certeine great person one of Gadatas his men of armes considering how his Lord and Master was revolted from the Assyrian King thought this with himselfe that if ought but well should come unto Gadatas hee might obteine at the Kings hand the seizure of all his goods and lands Vpon which project of his hee sends one of his trusty servants unto the said Assyrian King with these instructions That in case he found the Assyrian forces already in Gadatas his country hee should give the King to understand that if he lay in ambushment hee might take both Gadatas himselfe and all his companie willing him withall to signifie what power Gadatas had in his conduct likewise that Cyrus accompanied him not as also to shew which way he would come Moreover to the end he might be the better beleeved he charged his owne servants to deliver up the Castle which himselfe held within the territorie of Gadatas with all that was therein into the hands of the King of Assyria Furthermore he promised that after he had slaine Gadatas he would come to him in person if hee could if not yet would hee from that time forward take the Kings part The messenger appointed for this errand rode post and with great speed came unto the Assyrian King and declared unto the King the cause of his comming which when he heard he presently entred upon the said Castle and with a great power of horsemen and a number of chariots laid wait in the villages standing thicke thereabout Gadatas when he drew neere to those villages sent forth certeine in espiall to cleere the coasts The Assyrian King having intelligence that these espies were comming commaunded two or three of the chariots and some few horsemen to give ground and flie making semblance as if they were affrighted and but few in number Which when those foreriders perceived they not onely themselves followed in pursuit but also gave the Al-arme to Gadatas Who being deceived thereby made after and followed amaine The Assyrians then for that they thought Gadatas at the point to be taken arose streight out of their embushment Gadatas with his companies seeing that fled as good cause they had The otherside againe with as great reason pursued them At which very time that traiterous villaine who had plotted to forelay Gadatas strake him and failed in deed of giving him a deadly blow but smote him in the shoulder and so wounded him Which deed done he went his wayes to joyne with those that followed in chace For being knowne who he was hee togither with the Assyrians put spurres to his horse and helped the King in his pursuit Then and there be you sure they that rode upon the heaviest and slowest jades were taken by those who had the swiftest steeds under them And verily Gadatas his horsemen being all sore overlayed for that they were tired out with their long journey no sooner espied Cyrus comming forward with his armie but a man might well thinke they were right joyous and glad as if out of some storme and tempest they had arrived to a safe harbour Cyrus at the first sight mervailed thereat but when hee understood what the matter was so long as they rode all afront toward him he led his forces in order of battaile against them But so soone as the enemies knowing how the world went reculed and fled Cyrus commaunded the light horsemen appointed therefore to make hote pursuit and himselfe with the rest followed hard after according as he thought it expedient There might a man have seene some Chariots taken out of which the drivers were fallen partly in the very turning and partly otherwise others againe intercepted by the horsemen and surprised They slew also very many and among the rest the traitour himself who had hurt Gadatas Meane-while the Assyrian footmen who were besieging Gadatas his fortresse abandoned that enterprise Some fled for succour into the Castle which had revolted from Gadatas others got away before their enemies and did put themselves into a great Citie of the Assyrian Kings whereinto himselfe with his chariots and horses was retyred Vpon these exploits thus atchieved Cyrus returned backe into Gadatas his country and after order given unto those whom it concerned to take charge of the captives he went directly to see how Gadatas did upon his hurt And as he went forward Gadatas having by that time his wound dressed and bound up met him on the way When Cyrus saw him he rejoyced and said I was comming to you for to see how you did And I quoth Gadatas so God me love was going to behold you againe and see what a countenance you carry bearing as you doe this brave minde who when I wist not my selfe what need you had now of my helpe nor you ever undertooke or promised to doe this for mee ne yet in your owne particular received so much as any small pleasure at my hand but onely for that I seemed unto you in some measure to benefit my friends have so lovingly and with such affection reskued mee as that now for
that in anâ— wise he should not force the woman but perswade and winne her if he could and in so doing he would not be his hindrance But Artabazus when â—ee was come unto Araspas all to rated and reviled him charging him with this that the Lady was committed unto his custodie upon trust and laying upon him the imputation of impietie injury and incontinency insomuch as Araspas for very griefe of heart wept sore for shame hid himselfe and for feare also of some hard meausre from Cyrus was in manner out of the world Which when Cyrus understood hee both sent for him and also when they were by themselves alone used these words unto him I see quoth he ô Araspas that you are afraid of mee and exceeding much ashamed But give over and make an end once For I have heard say that the very Gods themselves have beene over come of love and I know what accidents have befalne unto men reputed very wise by occasion of this passion Yea and thus much have I noted and blamed in my selfe that I am not so continent but if I conversed with those that are faire and beautifull I despise them not Nay that which more is I my selfe am the cause of all this businesse For I was he that immured you up as it were with this inexpugnable thing Vnto these words of his Araspas made this answere Now surely quoth he ò Cyrus you are in this particular like unto your selfe and as in all other cases the same still to wit mild and ready to pardon mens trespasses But other men there be that overwhelme and oppresse me with griefe For ever since that this my adverse hap and calamitie was bruted abroad mine enemies take their pleasure of mee but my friends comming about me give me counsell to withdraw my selfe out of the way least I might be hardly entreated at your hands as one whom I have much wronged and abused Know this well therefore ô Araspas quoth Cyrus that by this opinion which men have conceived you may doe mee a high pleasure and withall greatly profit our Associates Would to God said Araspas it lay in my power any wayes to doe you acceptable service Why quoth Cyrus If you would now make semblance as though you fled from me and so goe to the enemies I am verily perswaded you might be credited of them And I assure you of my troth and as God shall helpe mee said Araspas even my very friends would raise such a rumour as if in deed I had made an escape from you So by this meanes quoth Cyrus you may returne againe unto us with the full intelligence of all our enemies affaires I suppose also that being once trusted among them they will make you privie to all their speeches and secret counsels whatsoever in so much as there shall no designment be hid from you that we are desirous to learne Well then quoth Araspas I will even now set forward For this you may well wit will be one argument to induce them for to believe me because I shall be thought to have run away from you fearing some mischiefe at your hands But can you by the way finde in your heart saith Cyrus to leave that same lovely Dame Panthea behind you Certes quoth he ô Cyrus I have in me two soules For even erewhile of that point I philosophized and argued with an untoward Sophister namely love For were the said soule of mine but one it could not be for both good bad at once neither could it affect at one and the same time as well honest actions as dishonest ne yet be willing and unwilling alike to effect the same But evident it is that two minds there are And when that which is good hath the soveraintie honest deeds are enterprised and done but when the bad hath the mastery wee set in hand with those that are dishonest and naught And now this good understanding in me having gotten your helpe and assistance is become superiour and ruleth very much If therefore saith Cyrus you also thinke it good to take this journey you must order the matter so as that you may winne the greater credit and reputation among them To which purpose discover hardly unto them what we are about and discover it so as what plots so ever you disclose unto them may be the greatest lets to checke and crosse their owne designments and proceedings Now this would be a blocke in their way in case you give it out that we are preparing and upon the point in some place or other to invade their Land For when they heare this they can the worse be assembled all togither with their whole puissance whiles every one standeth in feare for his owne estate at home And stay you with them as long as you may For it will be most availeable upto us to have intelligence especially of those enterprises that they goe about even when they are neerest unto us Furthermore advise them to put themselves in ordinance of battaile the best way that shall be thought For after that you are departed who seeme to know their order of embattailing they must needs bee arraunged in the same sort For loth will they be and afraid to change the manner of setting the field and if they should chance to alter it they will be much troubled at the instant to doe it in such hast Thus went Araspas out of the place taking with him his most trusty servitours and having acquainted some with what hee thought most expedient for this affaire he departed CHAP. III. How Panthea sent for her husband to come unto Cyrus The preparation that Cyrus made for the warre The forme of Chariots devised by him for the carriage of his great Engines and Fabricks NOw when Dame Panthea understood that Araspas was gone shee dispatched unto Cyrus a messenger in her name thus to say Let it not trouble you Cyrus that Araspas is turned to the enemies side For if you will give me leave to send unto my husband I undertake that hee shall come a more faithfull friend by farre than was Araspas And I know moreover that he will be ready to assist you with all the power that hee is able to make For this mans father who now is King was his very good friend howsoever he that reigneth at this present went about once when it was to make a distraction and separation betweene me and my husband And therefore I know right well that taking him to be as he is spitefull and malicious he will be glad to turne unto such a Prince as you are When Cyrus heard this he commaunded her to send unto her husband which she did accordingly Then Abradatas as soone as he tooke knowledge of the tokens that came from his wife and understood besides how other things went willingly with all speed went unto Cyrus with a troupe of 2000. horse or thereabout And being come as farre as to the Persian