apostol_n l._n 8._o c._n 12._o the_o oblation_n unto_o the_o bishop_n have_v a_o priest_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o and_o a_o deacon_n at_o each_o end_n of_o the_o altar_n with_o fan_n to_o hinder_v any_o fly_n or_o other_o little_a creature_n from_o fall_v into_o the_o cup_n then_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o priest_n pray_v unto_o god_n with_o a_o low_a voice_n then_o he_o put_v on_o a_o rich_a vestment_n and_o stand_v by_o the_o altar_n he_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o say_v unto_o the_o people_n there_o present_a the_o grace_n of_o god_n almighty_n the_o love_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o the_o communication_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n be_v with_o you_o all_o and_o those_o which_o be_v present_a answer_n with_o one_o accord_n and_o with_o thy_o spirit_n the_o bishop_n say_v again_o lift_v up_o your_o heart_n unto_o which_o the_o people_n reply_n we_o do_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o bishop_n let_v we_o give_v thanks_o unto_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v just_a and_o right_a say_v the_o people_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n address_v himself_o unto_o god_n say_v that_o it_o be_v just_a and_o right_o to_o praise_v he_o show_v in_o a_o long_a discourse_n the_o motive_n and_o reason_n of_o this_o praise_n take_v either_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o his_o work_n whether_o of_o the_o creation_n and_o preservation_n of_o his_o ancient_a people_n or_o from_o the_o redemption_n and_o send_v jesus_n christ_n into_o the_o world_n for_o our_o salvation_n which_o discourse_n he_o conclude_v by_o the_o history_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n from_o whence_o he_o proceed_v unto_o the_o consecration_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o this_o be_v in_o short_a the_o substance_n of_o the_o preparation_n which_o this_o liturgy_n do_v propose_v unto_o we_o on_o the_o part_n of_o he_o which_o do_v celebrate_v 3._o diony_n arcopag_n de_fw-fr eccles_n hierarch_n c._n 3._o in_o that_o of_o the_o pretend_a dennis_n the_o arcopagite_n the_o bishop_n make_v his_o prayer_n near_o the_o altar_n cause_v incense_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o go_v round_o the_o place_n of_o the_o assembly_n return_v unto_o the_o altar_n he_o begin_v to_o sing_v psalm_n all_o the_o clergy_n sing_v with_o he_o after_o which_o the_o deacon_n read_v some_o part_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o be_v end_v the_o catechumeny_n the_o energumeny_n and_o the_o penitent_n be_v make_v to_o go_v out_o then_o the_o chief_a among_o the_o deacon_n together_o with_o the_o priest_n put_v the_o bread_n and_o cup_n of_o blessing_n upon_o the_o altar_n after_o a_o general_a hymnologie_n of_o all_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n pray_v give_v the_o blessing_n unto_o those_o which_o be_v present_a which_o salute_v each_o other_o and_o have_v with_o the_o priest_n wash_v his_o hand_n he_o consecrate_v the_o divine_a gift_n but_o because_o one_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o preparation_n be_v the_o burn_a of_o incense_n let_v we_o endeavour_v to_o discover_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v the_o time_n when_o christian_n first_o begin_v to_o introduce_v this_o ceremony_n into_o the_o service_n of_o their_o holy_a religion_n tertullian_n who_o write_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o century_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o three_o do_v sufficient_o testify_v that_o christian_n in_o that_o time_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o that_o perfume_n be_v not_o use_v in_o their_o worship_n for_o speak_v of_o prayer_n which_o they_o present_v unto_o god_n for_o their_o emperor_n 719._o tertull._n in_o apolog._n c._n â—â—_o see_v athanag_n who_o reject_v it_o besore_n tâ—rtul_n in_o apol._n for_o christian_n p._n 13_o and_o clement_n alexandrin_n in_o his_o stromates_n p._n 717._o &_o 719._o i_o can_v say_v he_o demand_v these_o thing_n but_o of_o he_o who_o i_o know_v will_v grant_v they_o unto_o i_o as_o it_o be_v he_o only_o in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o grant_v they_o it_o be_v unto_o we_o only_o that_o he_o will_v give_v they_o because_o we_o be_v his_o faithful_a servant_n which_o adore_v and_o worship_n he_o alone_o and_o offer_v unto_o he_o the_o fat_a and_o best_a sacrifice_n which_o he_o have_v command_v to_o be_v offer_v unto_o he_o to_o wit_n prayer_n proceed_v from_o a_o chaste_a body_n a_o pure_a soul_n and_o from_o the_o holy_a spirit_n and_o not_o grain_n of_o incense_n of_o small_a price_n not_o drop_n of_o that_o arabian_a tree_n not_o two_o spoonful_n of_o wine_n nor_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o oâ—_n ready_a to_o die_v of_o fat._n and_o in_o the_o same_o treatise_n he_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o christian_n make_v any_o use_n of_o incense_n it_o be_v in_o bury_v of_o their_o dead_a scapul_fw-la id._n ibid._n c._n 42._o vide_fw-la de_fw-fr idolat_a c._n 11._o &_o ad_fw-la scapul_fw-la we_o do_v not_o buy_v any_o incense_n say_v he_o if_o the_o aratian_a merchant_n do_v complain_v let_v they_o know_v that_o there_o be_v more_o of_o their_o commodity_n employ_v and_o with_o great_a profusion_n in_o bury_v christian_n then_o in_o perfume_a the_o image_n of_o the_o go_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o make_v the_o true_a use_n of_o incense_n to_o consist_v in_o drive_v away_o ill_a odour_n 10._o id._n the_o coron_n c._n 10._o when_o i_o go_v into_o any_o place_n say_v he_o and_o smell_v a_o ill_a savour_n that_o offend_v i_o i_o cause_v a_o little_a incense_n to_o be_v burn_v but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o ceremony_n the_o same_o disposition_n nor_o the_o same_o pomp_n 7._o advers._fw-la gent._n l._n 7._o as_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o idol_n arnobius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o century_n if_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o four_o do_v in_o such_o sort_n press_v the_o gentile_n for_o their_o cause_v incense_n to_o be_v burn_v unto_o their_o god_n that_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n he_o will_v have_v treat_v they_o as_o he_o do_v if_o the_o christian_n have_v use_v it_o in_o any_o of_o their_o ceremony_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n or_o at_o the_o least_o he_o will_v have_v represent_v that_o there_o be_v very_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n that_o what_o the_o gentile_n do_v unto_o the_o honour_n of_o idol_n christian_n do_v unto_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o true_a god_n he_o do_v nothing_o of_o all_o this_o he_o content_v himself_o in_o deride_v the_o blindness_n of_o the_o gentile_n and_o to_o show_v they_o that_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o they_o to_o undertake_v to_o offer_v odour_n and_o perfume_n unto_o their_o go_n and_o lactantius_n 2._o epitome_n c._n 2._o his_o disciple_n do_v he_o not_o positive_o say_v that_o god_n do_v not_o require_v of_o we_o neither_o sacrifice_n nor_o perfume_n 12._o orat._n ad_fw-la coetum_fw-la c._n 12._o and_o eusebius_n introduce_v the_o emperor_n constantine_n say_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v a_o sacrifice_n of_o thanksgiving_n wherein_o be_v not_o desire_v neither_o a_o smell_n of_o incense_n nor_o a_o burn_a brand._n st._n austin_n himself_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 430._o seem_v whole_o to_o reject_v the_o use_n of_o incense_n in_o god_n worship_n 49._o in_o psal_n 49._o we_o say_v he_o be_v in_o safety_n we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o travel_v into_o arabia_n to_o get_v incense_n we_o do_v not_o cause_v the_o greedy_a merchant_n to_o unfold_v his_o ballot_v 50._o in_o psal_n 50._o god_n require_v of_o we_o a_o sacrifice_n of_o praise_n and_o of_o thanksgiving_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v not_o make_v provision_n of_o perfume_n which_o come_v from_o without_o but_o say_v o_o god_n what_o i_o dedicate_v unto_o thou_o be_v in_o my_o heart_n with_o the_o praise_n which_o i_o will_v render_v unto_o thou_o and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o 65._o in_o psal_n 65._o st._n hillary_n understand_v it_o so_o when_o he_o say_v we_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o psalm_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o perfume_n let_v my_o prayer_n come_v before_o thou_o like_o incense_n signify_v that_o by_o perfume_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v prayer_n st._n ambrose_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o gospel_n according_a to_o st._n luke_n speak_v of_o perfume_a altar_n in_o expound_v what_o be_v say_v of_o zacharias_n the_o father_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n that_o his_o lot_n fall_v to_o offer_v incense_n but_o because_o he_o say_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v sacrifice_v which_o can_v be_v literal_o true_a all_o christian_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o real_o sacrifice_v in_o the_o eucharist_n i_o suppose_v the_o safe_a and_o best_a way_n be_v mystical_o and_o in_o a_o spiritual_a sense_n to_o understand_v st._n ambrose_n his_o discourse_n especial_o sea_v the_o declaration_n which_o st._n austin_n
tell_v we_o without_o fall_v into_o a_o great_a sin_n whereof_o he_o must_v be_v oblige_v to_o make_v great_a repentance_n from_o all_o which_o he_o conclude_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o steep_v sacrament_n and_o praise_v the_o wisdom_n of_o those_o who_o first_o establish_v this_o manner_n of_o communicate_v with_o the_o bread_n steep_v in_o wine_n say_v that_o pious_a man_n have_v prudent_o direct_v that_o the_o little_a portion_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v not_o be_v give_v dry_a as_o our_o lord_n have_v do_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v distribute_v unto_o believer_n steep_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o shall_v happen_v that_o according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o our_o saviour_n we_o shall_v eat_v his_o flesh_n and_o drink_v his_o blood_n and_o that_o he_o that_o fear_v to_o sin_n in_o so_o great_a a_o matter_n may_v avoid_v the_o danger_n and_o he_o give_v for_o a_o reason_n of_o this_o conduct_n that_o we_o eat_v dry_a and_o drink_v liquid_a what_o go_v down_o the_o throat_n after_o have_v receive_v it_o in_o the_o mouth_n either_o together_o or_o separately_z and_o because_o some_o consider_v that_o jesus_n christ_n have_v give_v the_o steep_v morsel_n unto_o judas_n do_v not_o approve_v this_o manner_n of_o distribute_v the_o sacrament_n he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o eucharist_n steep_v and_o the_o morsel_n which_o our_o lord_n give_v the_o disciple_n that_o betray_v he_o because_o the_o action_n which_o have_v a_o different_a occasion_n can_v agree_v well_o together_o afterward_o take_v with_o many_o other_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o braga_n of_o the_o year_n 675._o against_o the_o steep_v sacrament_n for_o a_o decree_n of_o pope_n julius_n he_o say_v this_o decree_n be_v no_o long_o of_o force_n with_o modern_a person_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n which_o surpass_v all_o other_o as_o well_o in_o reason_n as_o in_o authority_n have_v overcome_v this_o ancient_a constitution_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a because_o the_o decree_n of_o other_o pope_n be_v change_v for_o the_o like_a and_o sometime_o upon_o small_a occasion_n but_o although_o this_o author_n of_o the_o xii_o century_n of_o who_o cardinal_n cusa_n cite_v something_o in_o cassander_n in_o his_o liturgy_n give_v we_o this_o form_n of_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n with_o steep_v bread_n as_o establish_v in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o west_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v universal_o receive_v in_o all_o church_n without_o exception_n in_o fine_a beside_o what_o we_o allege_v out_o of_o the_o micrologue_n and_o of_o pope_n paschal_n who_o make_v his_o decree_n in_o the_o xii_o century_n arnold_n of_o bonneval_n contemporary_a with_o s._n bernard_n in_o his_o sermon_n of_o the_o supper_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o s._n cyprian_n work_n show_v we_o sufficient_o that_o in_o the_o same_o xii_o century_n wherein_o he_o live_v the_o use_n of_o the_o cup_n be_v not_o forbid_v the_o people_n when_o he_o say_v 330._o apud_fw-la cypr._n p._n 329._o ult_n edit_fw-la vid._n p._n 330._o it_o be_v under_o the_o doctor_n christ_n jesus_n that_o this_o discipline_n first_o of_o all_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n that_o christian_n shall_v drink_v blood_n whereof_o the_o use_n be_v so_o strict_o prohibit_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n for_o the_o law_n forbid_v eat_v of_o blood_n and_o the_o gospel_n command_v to_o drink_v it_o and_o again_o we_o drink_v blood_n jesus_n christ_n himself_o command_v it_o be_v partaker_n by_o and_o with_o he_o of_o everlasting_a life_n and_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o treatise_n he_o with_o several_a other_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n who_o live_v before_o he_o in_o that_o believer_n be_v partaker_n of_o one_o bread_n and_o of_o one_o cup_n do_v search_v a_o type_n of_o their_o union_n 33â—_n ibid._n p._n 33â—_n or_o rather_o of_o their_o spiritual_a unity_n in_o christ_n jesus_n who_o be_v the_o head_n of_o this_o divine_a body_n we_o also_o say_v he_o be_v make_v his_o body_n be_v tie_v and_o bind_v unto_o our_o head_n both_o by_o the_o sacrament_n and_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o be_v member_n one_o of_o another_o we_o mutual_o render_v each_o other_o the_o duty_n of_o love_n we_o communicate_v by_o charity_n we_o participate_v with_o eat_v one_o and_o the_o same_o meat_n and_o drink_v one_o and_o the_o same_o drink_n which_o flow_v and_o spring_n from_o the_o spiritual_a rock_n which_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n i_o believe_v we_o may_v join_v unto_o arnold_n of_o bonneval_n peter_n de_fw-fr cell_n abbot_n of_o s._n remy_n of_o rheims_n who_o live_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o xii_o century_n for_o in_o his_o treatise_n of_o cloister_n discipline_n which_o be_v come_v to_o light_v but_o within_o these_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n he_o speak_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o communication_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n 99_o t._n 3._o spicil_n p._n 99_o and_o of_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n pour_v forth_o to_o wit_n of_o the_o lamb_n without_o spot_n purify_v we_o from_o all_o guilt_n and_o from_o all_o sin_n let_v we_o say_v something_o more_o formal_a peter_n of_o tarantes_n 1043._o apud_fw-la cassand_n de_fw-fr commun_n sub_fw-la utraque_fw-la specie_fw-la p._n 1043._o afterward_o pope_n under_o the_o name_n of_o innocent_n iv_o write_v that_o the_o most_o considerable_a as_o the_o priest_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o altar_n do_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n under_o both_o kind_n william_n of_o montelaudana_n in_o sundry_a place_n say_v he_o they_o communicate_v with_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o the_o whole_a sacrament_n and_o peter_n de_fw-fr palude_fw-la testify_v that_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v the_o practice_n in_o several_a church_n to_o communicate_v under_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o species_n richard_n de_fw-fr mediavilla_n be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o innocent_a iu._n the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o give_v for_o a_o reason_n that_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o administer_v the_o communion_n under_o both_o kind_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o yield_v thereunto_o the_o great_a reverence_n and_o caution_n all_o these_o say_v cassander_n live_v about_o the_o 1300._o year_n of_o our_o lord_n wherefore_o the_o same_o cassander_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o thomas_n aquinas_n who_o defend_v the_o use_n of_o communicate_v under_o one_o kind_n do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v universal_o receive_v but_o in_o some_o church_n only_o and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n christian_n find_v so_o much_o consolation_n and_o benefit_n in_o participate_v of_o the_o cup_n of_o their_o lord_n that_o when_o in_o latter_a time_n they_o begin_v to_o tell_v they_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o effusion_n to_o dispose_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o communicate_v under_o one_o kind_n there_o be_v several_a church_n that_o rather_o than_o they_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o sacred_a cup_n invent_v certain_a little_a quill_n which_o be_v fasten_v unto_o the_o chalice_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o drink_v the_o mystical_a blood_n of_o our_o lord_n as_o beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la 438._o p._n 438._o testify_v in_o his_o note_n upon_o tertullian_n book_n de_n corona_n militis_fw-la and_o cassander_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o communion_n under_o both_o kind_n 1036._o p._n 1036._o both_o of_o they_o in_o their_o time_n have_v see_v of_o these_o quill_n or_o little_a pipe_n which_o be_v use_v for_o communicate_v the_o laity_n let_v we_o descend_v yet_o low_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v about_o 35._o year_n before_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n a_o example_n of_o the_o communion_n under_o both_o kind_n in_o rome_n itself_o not_o indeed_o of_o the_o people_n but_o of_o all_o the_o cardinal_n deacon_n for_o vrban_n vi_o who_o begin_v the_o great_a schism_n which_o last_v from_o the_o year_n 1378._o until_o 1428._o be_v elect_v pope_n at_o rome_n anno_fw-la 1378._o in_o the_o place_n of_o gregory_n xi_o he_o solemn_o celebrate_v mass_n upon_o s._n peter_n be_v altar_n in_o his_o pontifical_a habit_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v perform_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o rubric_n and_o in_o fine_a he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n give_v the_o communion_n unto_o all_o the_o cardinal_n deacon_n with_o the_o precious_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n as_o it_o be_v always_o the_o manner_n of_o pope_n to_o do_v 306._o t._n 4._o p._n 306._o thus_o it_o be_v write_v unto_o lewis_n earl_n of_o flanders_n anno_fw-la 1378._o by_o pileiâ—de_n prata_n archbishop_n of_o ravenna_n and_o cardinal_n in_o one_o of_o the_o tome_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o dom_n luke_n de_fw-fr achery_n but_o as_o from_o the_o
every_o one_o shall_v and_o ought_v with_o all_o diligence_n and_o fidelity_n to_o contribute_v his_o endeavour_n and_o improve_v the_o talon_n which_o our_o lord_n have_v commit_v unto_o his_o trust_n this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v hitherto_o and_o which_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v if_o it_o be_v not_o with_o all_o the_o delight_n and_o ornament_n the_o reader_n can_v wish_v at_o least_o it_o shall_v be_v with_o all_o the_o sincerity_n which_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o one_o who_o believe_v to_o have_v well_o bestow_v his_o labour_n and_o pain_n if_o his_o endeavour_n will_v create_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o christian_n divide_v by_o various_a opinion_n in_o religion_n more_o tender_a inclination_n of_o love_n and_o charity_n and_o great_a desire_n unto_o peace_n and_o concord_n we_o have_v already_o see_v all_o that_o relate_v unto_o the_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n with_o the_o alteration_n thereunto_o happen_v in_o succession_n of_o time_n now_o we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o discover_v what_o have_v be_v believe_v of_o this_o mystery_n in_o this_o large_a and_o spacious_a country_n but_o to_o do_v it_o the_o more_o orderly_o and_o to_o show_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o clearness_n the_o history_n of_o the_o innovation_n which_o have_v happen_v as_o well_o in_o the_o expression_n as_o in_o the_o doctrine_n we_o will_v extend_v our_o proof_n as_o to_o the_o expression_n but_o unto_o the_o seven_o and_o eight_o century_n at_o which_o time_n they_o suffer_v some_o attempt_n and_o as_o to_o the_o doctrine_n unto_o the_o nine_o suppose_v it_o receive_v some_o alteration_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o age._n chap._n i._n the_o reflection_n make_v by_o the_o father_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n the_o holy_a father_n have_v so_o great_a a_o love_n for_o jesus_n christ_n and_o veneration_n for_o all_o his_o institution_n that_o they_o take_v a_o singular_a pleasure_n in_o meditate_v upon_o this_o great_a mystery_n and_o in_o make_v divers_a reflection_n upon_o this_o divine_a institution_n our_o lord_n say_v of_o the_o bread_n which_o he_o have_v take_v which_o he_o bless_a and_o which_o he_o break_v that_o it_o be_v his_o body_n and_o of_o the_o wine_n that_o it_o be_v his_o blood_n the_o ancient_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n consider_v this_o expression_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n have_v declare_v with_o a_o common_a consent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v unite_a suffrage_n that_o jesus_n christ_n call_v the_o bread_n and_o wine_n his_o body_n and_o his_o blood_n our_o lord_n say_v st._n irenaeus_n patr._n iren._n l._n 5._o c._n 2._o tatian_n tom_fw-mi 7._o bibl._n patr._n have_v assure_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v his_o body_n tatian_n in_o his_o harmony_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n say_v that_o he_o testify_v that_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o cup_n of_o wine_n be_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n tertullian_n magn._n tertul._n l._n 5._o contr_n jud._n c._n 11._o &_o l._n 5._o carm._n count_v marc._n origen_n in_o matth._n hom._n 35._o cyprian_a ep._n 75._o ad_fw-la magn._n that_o he_o call_v the_o bread_n his_o body_n and_o that_o he_o say_v of_o the_o bread_n and_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n this_o be_v my_o body_n and_o my_o blood_n pour_v out_o origen_n in_o one_o of_o his_o homily_n upon_o st._n matthew_n that_o he_o confess_v the_o bread_n be_v his_o body_n and_o the_o bless_a martyr_n st._n cyprian_a that_o he_o call_v his_o body_n the_o bread_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o several_a grain_n the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n which_o go_v in_o the_o name_n of_o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n though_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o they_o be_v his_o for_o all_o they_o be_v attribute_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o father_n this_o author_n i_o say_v have_v express_v his_o thought_n almost_o as_o st._n cyprian_n have_v do_v say_v that_o jesus_n christ_n call_v his_o body_n matth._n theophil_n antioch_n in_o matth._n the_o bread_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o divers_a grain_n and_o his_o blood_n the_o wine_n which_o be_v press_v out_o of_o several_a grape_n and_o this_o he_o say_v in_o explain_v the_o word_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n this_o be_v my_o body_n this_o be_v the_o cup_n of_o my_o blood_n eusebius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n in_o palestin_n have_v no_o other_o meaning_n i_o think_v when_o he_o say_v 8._o euseb_n dem._n lib._n 8._o that_o the_o lord_n command_v to_o make_v use_n of_o bread_n for_o the_o symbol_n of_o his_o body_n nor_o st._n cyrill_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o these_o word_n 4._o cyrill_n hie_v of_o mystag_n 4._o our_o lord_n speak_v and_o say_v of_o the_o bread_n this_o be_v my_o body_n nor_o the_o poet_n juvencus_n when_o he_o declare_v hist_o juvenc_n l._n 4._o de_fw-fr evang._n hist_o that_o our_o saviour_n give_v the_o bread_n unto_o his_o disciple_n teach_v they_o that_o he_o give_v they_o his_o body_n nor_o in_o fine_a a_o unknown_a author_n in_o the_o work_v of_o st._n athanasius_n which_o say_v 9.72_o de_fw-fr dict._n &_o interp._n parab_n 9.72_o that_o our_o lord_n call_v the_o mystical_a wine_n his_o blood_n st._n epiphanius_n hinder_v by_o the_o scruple_n which_o the_o father_n make_v of_o call_v the_o symbol_n of_o the_o eucharist_n bread_n and_o wine_n content_v himself_o to_o intimate_v unto_o we_o that_o jesus_n christ_n do_v assimilate_v his_o body_n unto_o a_o subject_a round_o as_o to_o its_o form_n anchor_n epiphan_n in_o anchor_n and_o without_o sense_n as_o to_o its_o power_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o resemblance_n unto_o the_o incarnate_a image_n nor_o with_o the_o proportion_n of_o member_n exod._n gaudent_fw-la tract_n 2._o in_o exod._n st._n gaudentius_n observe_v that_o our_o lord_n in_o give_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n and_o wine_n unto_o the_o disciple_n say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n this_o be_v my_o blood_n it_o be_v also_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n who_o make_v christ_n say_v of_o the_o bread_n which_o he_o break_v 12._o const_n apost_n lib._n 8._o c._n 12._o and_o give_v unto_o his_o disciple_n this_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n take_v eat_v this_o be_v my_o body_n st._n chrysostome_n be_v no_o less_o clear_a 92._o chrysost_n in_o 1_o co._n hom._n 24._o hieron_n cp_n 4_o ad_fw-la hidib_n 92._o what_o be_v the_o bread_n say_v he_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ._n st._n jerome_n also_o follow_v the_o same_o way_n see_v he_o assure_v that_o the_o bread_n which_o our_o lord_n break_v and_o give_v unto_o his_o disciple_n be_v his_o body_n and_o the_o cup_n his_o blood_n and_o that_o he_o prove_v it_o by_o these_o word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n st._n austin_n in_o the_o sermon_n unto_o the_o new_a baptize_v 27._o august_n apud_fw-la fulgen._n de_fw-fr baptis_n aeth_n cap._n vet_z cyril_n l._n 12._o in_o joar_n 20.26_o 27._o say_v express_o that_o the_o bread_n be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o cup_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o christ_n st._n cyrill_a of_o alexandria_n be_v doubtless_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n for_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o st._n john_n he_o make_v christ_n say_v of_o the_o bread_n which_o he_o break_v and_o distribute_v this_o be_v my_o body_n which_o be_v give_v for_o you_o in_o remission_n of_o sin_n we_o may_v descend_v low_a and_o carry_v further_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o first_o reflection_n be_v we_o not_o prevent_v by_o the_o rule_n which_o we_o prescribe_v and_o of_o the_o resolution_n take_v of_o avoid_v as_o much_o as_o possible_a may_v be_v the_o repeat_n of_o the_o same_o testimony_n it_o shall_v then_o suffice_v to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a truth_n own_v by_o all_o man_n both_o protestant_n and_o roman_a catholic_n that_o when_o there_o be_v a_o dispute_n of_o two_o subject_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o one_o be_v the_o other_o when_o therefore_o these_o sort_n of_o proposition_n meet_v in_o discourse_n of_o necessity_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o figure_n or_o metaphor_n what_o the_o father_n have_v depose_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o sufficient_a nor_o that_o it_o be_v all_o which_o they_o have_v to_o say_v unto_o we_o if_o we_o examine_v anew_o these_o faithful_a witness_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v speak_v again_o and_o that_o they_o will_v inform_v we_o of_o other_o truth_n beside_o they_o abovementioned_a and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o leave_v we_o ignorant_a how_o they_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o this_o angust_n sacrament_n those_o which_o have_v diligent_o apply_v themselves_o to_o
potest_fw-la t._n 5._o p._n 125_o 6._o we_o must_v not_o say_v he_o look_v only_o upon_o the_o term_n but_o the_o scope_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o his_o discourse_n and_o compare_v all_o together_o find_v out_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o what_o be_v therein_o contain_v nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v note_v this_o rule_n have_v its_o particular_a use_n when_o the_o expression_n be_v doubtful_a and_o difficult_a and_o when_o by_o stay_v at_o the_o term_n and_o follow_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o letter_n a_o convenient_a sense_n can_v be_v give_v unto_o what_o be_v say_v or_o hear_v except_o in_o such_o a_o case_n nothing_o hinder_v but_o look_v unto_o the_o scope_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v stress_n may_v be_v lay_v on_o his_o word_n and_o much_o light_n take_v from_o his_o expression_n thus_o have_v the_o holy_a father_n proceed_v in_o examine_v the_o word_n use_v by_o our_o saviour_n in_o institute_v the_o sacrament_n because_o all_o they_o have_v tell_v we_o hitherto_o be_v only_o so_o many_o reflection_n which_o they_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o word_n and_o expression_n of_o this_o merciful_a saviour_n but_o because_o they_o be_v very_o persuade_v that_o jesus_n christ_n which_o be_v wisdom_n itself_o have_v a_o end_n in_o institute_v this_o divine_a mystery_n they_o will_v know_v the_o end_n and_o design_n which_o he_o propose_v in_o leave_v this_o precious_a earnest_n of_o his_o love_n unto_o his_o church_n do_v this_o say_v our_o lord_n in_o remembrance_n of_o i_o for_o as_o often_o as_o you_o eat_v this_o bread_n and_o drink_v of_o this_o cup_n say_v st._n paul_n you_o show_v the_o lord_n death_n till_o he_o come_v from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o institute_v the_o sacrament_n and_o that_o of_o the_o church_n in_o celebrate_v it_o by_o his_o command_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v among_o christian_n the_o remembrance_n of_o his_o death_n and_o suffering_n but_o because_o his_o death_n do_v suppose_v his_o incarnation_n and_o birth_n and_o that_o moreover_o his_o bless_a resurrection_n and_o exaltation_n into_o glory_n ensue_v thereupon_o i_o find_v they_o have_v include_v in_o this_o commemoration_n command_v we_o by_o christ_n the_o consideration_n of_o his_o incarnation_n bitter_a death_n of_o his_o resurrection_n and_o of_o his_o ascension_n into_o heaven_n according_a to_o which_o some_o of_o they_o join_v unto_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o death_n that_o of_o his_o incarnation_n as_o st._n justin_n martyr_n which_o say_v 296._o just_a martyr_n contra_fw-la tryph._n p._n 296._o that_o the_o lord_n command_v we_o to_o make_v the_o bread_n of_o the_o eucharist_n in_o remembrance_n that_o he_o make_v himself_o man_n for_o those_o which_o believe_v in_o he_o and_o for_o who_o he_o make_v himself_o mortal_a and_o the_o cup_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o blood_n but_o sometime_o also_o consider_v the_o death_n of_o christ_n as_o the_o end_n of_o his_o conception_n and_o of_o his_o birth_n because_o he_o take_v not_o our_o nature_n and_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o virgin_n but_o to_o die_v they_o be_v content_a to_o consider_v the_o sacrament_n as_o a_o memorial_n of_o his_o death_n only_o 259._o id._n ibid._n p._n 259._o in_o this_o regard_n the_o same_o st._n justin_n say_v that_o jesus_n christ_n command_v we_o to_o make_v the_o bread_n of_o the_o sacrament_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o death_n which_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o soul_n of_o those_o which_o have_v be_v cleanse_v from_o all_o malice_n this_o be_v also_o the_o meaning_n of_o tatian_n his_o disciple_n pat._n tat._n diates_n t._n 7._o bibl._n pat._n when_o he_o say_v the_o lord_n command_v his_o disciple_n to_o eat_v the_o bread_n and_o drink_v the_o cup_n of_o the_o sacrament_n because_o it_o be_v the_o memorial_n of_o his_o approach_a affliction_n and_o of_o his_o death_n there_o be_v other_o who_o make_v this_o reflection_n in_o themselves_o that_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n will_v be_v of_o no_o benefit_n unto_o we_o without_o his_o resurrection_n which_o assure_v we_o of_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o enemy_n of_o our_o salvation_n and_o of_o the_o eternal_a father_n accept_v of_o the_o satisfaction_n he_o make_v unto_o his_o justice_n in_o our_o stead_n and_o in_o consideration_n whereof_o he_o deliver_v we_o from_o the_o slavery_n of_o sin_n and_o the_o devil_n have_v consider_v the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n as_o the_o commemoration_n of_o his_o death_n and_o resurrection_n such_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o st._n basil_n 581._o basil_n de_fw-fr bapt._n c._n 2._o p._n 581._o when_o he_o observe_v that_o what_o we_o eat_v and_o drink_v to_o wit_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n it_o be_v to_o the_o end_n we_o shall_v always_o remember_v he_o who_o die_v and_o be_v rise_v again_o for_o we_o other_o in_o fine_a consider_v that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v ascend_v into_o heaven_n and_o that_o he_o have_v leave_v we_o the_o sacrament_n as_o a_o pledge_n of_o his_o presence_n to_o comfort_v we_o in_o expectation_n of_o his_o glorious_a return_n they_o think_v the_o consideration_n of_o his_o death_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o his_o ascension_n and_o that_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v of_o his_o humiliation_n and_o suffering_n they_o shall_v also_o think_v of_o his_o exaltation_n and_o glory_n this_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o meaning_n of_o st._n patr._n gaudent_fw-la tr_fw-la 2._o l._n 2._o bibl._n patr._n gaudentius_n when_o he_o teach_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v our_o viaticum_fw-la or_o provision_n for_o our_o journey_n whereby_o we_o be_v strengthen_v in_o the_o way_n until_o by_o depart_v out_o of_o this_o life_n we_o go_v to_o he_o that_o it_o be_v a_o earnest_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o the_o portrait_n of_o his_o passion_n until_o he_o come_v again_o from_o heaven_n but_o a_o earnest_n and_o a_o resemblance_n which_o he_o will_v have_v we_o take_v in_o our_o hand_n and_o receive_v with_o the_o mouth_n and_o heart_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v have_v engrave_v in_o our_o memory_n the_o great_a benefit_n of_o our_o redemption_n to_o thus_o much_o also_o amount_v what_o be_v say_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n cor._n in_o cap._n 11.1_o ad_fw-la cor._n attribute_v unto_o st._n jerome_n that_o jesus_n christ_n have_v leave_v we_o the_o last_o commemoration_n or_o the_o last_o remembrance_n as_o if_o one_o take_v a_o voyage_n into_o a_o far_a country_n will_v leave_v a_o token_n with_o his_o friend_n to_o the_o end_n that_o whenever_o he_o look_v on_o it_o he_o shall_v be_v mindful_a of_o his_o love_n and_o kindness_n which_o he_o can_v do_v without_o shed_v tear_n if_o he_o perfect_o love_v he_o and_o that_o he_o give_v we_o this_o sacrament_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o shall_v always_o remember_v the_o death_n which_o he_o suffer_v for_o we_o sedulius_n have_v only_o transcribe_v this_o testimony_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o same_o epistle_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o chapter_n primatius_fw-la a_o african_a bishop_n declare_v in_o the_o vith_o century_n that_o it_o be_v his_o judgement_n and_o he_o explain_v himself_o almost_o as_o the_o other_o two_o have_v do_v and_o christian_a druthmer_n will_v say_v the_o same_o in_o the_o ixth_o century_n as_o for_o the_o author_n of_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n 12._o constit_fw-la apost_n l._n 8._o c._n 12._o he_o have_v join_v all_o these_o consideration_n together_o for_o he_o will_v have_v we_o to_o remember_v his_o passion_n his_o death_n resurrection_n ascension_n into_o heaven_n and_o his_o second_o come_v which_o will_v be_v when_o he_o come_v with_o power_n and_o glory_n to_o judge_v the_o quick_a and_o the_o dead_a and_o to_o reward_v every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o work_n the_o same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o liturgy_n of_o st._n mark_n and_o what_o be_v find_v in_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n use_n at_o present_a come_v very_o near_o it_o but_o the_o father_n rest_n not_o there_o for_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o eucharist_n as_o of_o a_o pledge_n and_o memorial_n they_o set_v it_o in_o opposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o truth_n but_o even_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n absent_a so_o it_o have_v be_v understand_v by_o gaudentius_n sedulius_n primasius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n attribute_v unto_o st._n jerome_n in_o the_o passage_n we_o have_v allege_v whereunto_o may_v be_v join_v these_o word_n of_o the_o latter_a 11._o in_o 1_o ad_fw-la cor._n cap._n 11._o that_o we_o have_v need_n of_o this_o memorial_n all_o the_o time_n which_o shall_v continue_v until_o he_o be_v please_v to_o come_v again_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n theodoret_n say_v 11._o theodoret_n in_o 1_o ad_fw-la cor._n c._n
in_o newness_n of_o life_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o this_o resurrection_n be_v which_o st._n paul_n require_v of_o a_o christian_a st._n ghrysostom_n will_v inform_v we_o rom._n hom._n 10._o in_o c._n 6._o rom._n that_o it_o be_v a_o holy_a conversation_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o change_n of_o manner_n the_o death_n of_o sin_n the_o restore_n of_o righteousness_n and_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o old_a life_n to_o establish_v one_o that_o be_v new_a and_o whole_o angelical_a therefore_o it_o be_v that_o theodoret_n interpret_n these_o same_o word_n rom._n in_o c._n 6._o rom._n give_v we_o this_o excellent_a lesson_n the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n teach_v we_o to_o fly_v from_o sin_n for_o baptism_n be_v a_o type_n of_o the_o death_n of_o our_o saviour_n now_o by_o it_o you_o participate_v with_o jesus_n christ_n of_o death_n and_o also_o of_o the_o resurrection_n you_o must_v then_o lead_v a_o new_a life_n and_o agreeable_a unto_o he_o of_o who_o resurrection_n you_o have_v be_v make_v to_o participate_v unto_o the_o remembrance_n of_o christ_n resurrection_n these_o holy_a doctor_n join_v also_o that_o of_o his_o ascension_n and_o glory_n therefore_o it_o be_v they_o say_v pat._n gaudent_fw-la tr_fw-la 2._o tom_n 2._o bibl._n pat._n that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v the_o viaticum_fw-la of_o our_o journey_n wherewith_o we_o be_v nourish_v by_o the_o way_n until_o we_o come_v unto_o he_o at_o our_o leave_v this_o world_n a_o pledge_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o a_o portrait_n of_o his_o passion_n until_o he_o come_v again_o from_o heaven_n and_o in_o prepare_v ourselves_o for_o the_o sacrament_n we_o can_v make_v this_o reflection_n but_o that_o we_o must_v bewail_v his_o absence_n but_o yet_o comfort_v ourselves_o with_o this_o persuasion_n that_o he_o be_v sit_v on_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n as_o lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n the_o master_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o monarch_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n that_o it_o be_v from_o thence_o that_o he_o send_v forth_o his_o command_n into_o all_o the_o world_n that_o he_o dispense_v the_o treasure_n of_o god_n that_o he_o defend_v his_o people_n that_o he_o protect_v his_o church_n and_o that_o he_o restrain_v the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o his_o enemy_n but_o that_o we_o must_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n be_v raise_v with_o heavenly_a thought_n divine_a motion_n and_o spiritual_a affection_n to_o be_v lift_v up_o unto_o he_o by_o holy_a ejaculation_n and_o to_o contemplate_v he_o shine_v with_o glory_n in_o heaven_n after_o have_v meditate_a on_o he_o all_o cover_v with_o shame_n upon_o earth_n and_o nail_v upon_o the_o cross_n in_o mount_n calvary_n for_o the_o expiate_a of_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n and_o for_o the_o work_n of_o our_o redemption_n therefore_o the_o holy_a father_n desire_v we_o will_v become_v like_a unto_o eagle_n corinth_n chrysost_n hom._n 24._o in_o 1._o ad_fw-la corinth_n to_o fly_v up_o unto_o heaven_n that_o we_o shall_v have_v nothing_o of_o earth_n in_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o bend_v downward_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o wallow_v in_o the_o love_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o that_o we_o shall_v incessant_o fly_v towards_o the_o thing_n above_o and_o that_o we_o shall_v steadfast_o behold_v the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n with_o a_o earnest_a sight_n and_o pierce_a eye_n in_o fine_a the_o ancient_a liturgy_n do_v not_o from_o all_o these_o commemoration_n separate_v that_o of_o his_o second_o come_v which_o make_v we_o think_v of_o that_o great_a and_o last_o day_n wherein_o the_o dead_a shall_v be_v raise_v wherein_o the_o book_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o wherein_o shall_v be_v the_o universal_a judgement_n to_o cast_v the_o wicked_a into_o hell_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o good_a into_o the_o felicity_n and_o glory_n of_o heaven_n then_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o want_n of_o sacrament_n for_o as_o theodoret_n say_v 11._o in_o 1_o ad_fw-la corinth_n c._n 11._o after_o his_o second_o come_v we_o shall_v have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o the_o sign_n and_o symbol_n of_o the_o body_n because_o the_o body_n itself_o will_v appear_v but_o until_o that_o time_n the_o celebration_n thereof_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a according_a to_o this_o observation_n of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n upon_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n attribute_v unto_o st._n jerom_n 11._o in_o 1_o ad_fw-la corinth_n c._n 11._o that_o we_o have_v need_n of_o this_o memorial_n during_o all_o the_o time_n which_o shall_v pass_v until_o he_o be_v please_v to_o come_v again_o so_o that_o all_o the_o idea_n which_o we_o have_v consider_v do_v help_v to_o form_v in_o we_o act_n of_o faith_n repentance_n hope_n charity_n humility_n gratitude_n sanctification_n holiness_n justice_n innocence_n purity_n joy_n consolation_n and_o general_o all_o those_o of_o piety_n and_o devout_a christianity_n and_o by_o consequence_n all_o the_o motion_n and_o disposition_n which_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o worthy_a communicant_a aught_o to_o have_v towards_o god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n now_o let_v we_o see_v those_o which_o it_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o sacrament_n itself_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o motion_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o communicant_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o sacrament_n as_o the_o remembrance_n which_o our_o saviour_n command_v we_o to_o make_v of_o he_o and_o of_o his_o death_n when_o we_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n comprehend_v all_o the_o qualification_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o regard_n of_o god_n and_o of_o jesus_n christ_n so_o also_o the_o examination_n require_v by_o st._n paul_n contain_v all_o those_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o sacrament_n 11._o 1_o cor._n 11._o let_v every_o one_o say_v he_o prove_v his_o own_o self_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o the_o apostle_n enjoin_v communicants_a unto_o this_o examination_n we_o must_v also_o know_v wherein_o it_o do_v consist_v to_o this_o purpose_n i_o say_v that_o what_o st._n paul_n require_v of_o we_o be_v a_o act_n whereby_o we_o must_v search_v our_o heart_n look_v into_o every_o corner_n of_o it_o whereby_o we_o examine_v every_o part_n of_o our_o soul_n we_o must_v assure_v ourselves_o of_o the_o state_n wherein_o it_o be_v whether_o faith_n have_v therein_o take_v its_o place_n whether_o hope_v lift_v we_o up_o in_o expectation_n of_o the_o happiness_n promise_v and_o whether_o the_o love_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o of_o our_o neighbour_n therein_o unfold_v its_o virtue_n and_o efficacy_n in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v a_o act_n whereby_o we_o discover_v whether_o we_o be_v fit_v to_o approach_v unto_o the_o holy_a table_n for_o in_o come_v thither_o we_o protest_v that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v our_o master_n and_o our_o lord_n that_o it_o be_v he_o which_o have_v redeem_v we_o by_o his_o blood_n and_o that_o have_v purchase_v life_n for_o we_o by_o his_o death_n and_o as_o the_o apostle_n enjoin_v this_o law_n unto_o all_o communicant_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o trial_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o serious_a and_o sincere_a examination_n which_o every_o one_o make_v of_o his_o conscience_n to_o know_v in_o what_o state_n and_o disposition_n it_o be_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o it_o desire_v no_o witness_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o private_a and_o in_o secret_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n only_o for_o there_o it_o be_v that_o the_o sinner_n call_v himself_o to_o a_o account_n that_o he_o reflect_v upon_o his_o life_n past_a that_o he_o condemn_v his_o wicked_a action_n that_o he_o groan_v under_o the_o thought_n of_o his_o sin_n that_o he_o deep_o mourn_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o offence_n that_o he_o cleanse_v his_o heart_n and_o purify_v his_o soul_n by_o the_o tear_n of_o repentance_n and_o by_o the_o work_n of_o a_o true_a contrition_n but_o because_o the_o latin_a church_n define_v in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n who_o decretes_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o confession_n of_o faith_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n 7._o sess_n 13._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n declare_v that_o the_o necessary_a proof_n be_v that_o how_o contrite_a soever_o the_o sinner_n feel_v himself_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o approach_v unto_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n without_o have_v first_o make_v his_o sacramental_a confession_n that_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v make_v that_o without_o it_o one_o receive_v this_o sacrament_n unworthy_o unto_o his_o death_n and_o condemnation_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n in_o this_o occasion_n for_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o examine_v the_o matter_n of_o confession_n in_o all_o its_o part_n but_o only_o in_o that_o which_o concern_v my_o subject_n to_o do_v it_o in_o some_o order_n it_o must_v
bread_n and_o wine_n may_v natural_o have_v with_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n be_v a_o general_a uncertain_a and_o undetermined_a resemblance_n and_o which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o sacrament_n of_o this_o divine_a body_n and_o of_o this_o precious_a blood_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o benediction_n and_o consecration_n confer_v upon_o they_o this_o quality_n and_o invest_v they_o with_o this_o dignity_n which_o they_o can_v have_v by_o nature_n and_o that_o set_v they_o apart_o from_o the_o profane_a and_o common_a use_n which_o they_o have_v in_o nature_n it_o shall_v apply_v they_o unto_o a_o religious_a and_o divine_a use_n in_o grace_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v be_v affirm_v that_o this_o likeness_n and_o relation_n which_o they_o have_v by_o nature_n with_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o this_o divine_a saviour_n be_v as_o it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o first_o ground_n and_o the_o first_o motive_n of_o the_o choice_n which_o our_o saviour_n be_v please_v to_o make_v of_o they_o for_o what_o st._n austin_n say_v in_o one_o of_o his_o letter_n may_v well_o be_v apply_v unto_o this_o matter_n bonif._n aug._n ep._n 23._o ad_fw-la bonif._n that_o if_o the_o sacrament_n have_v not_o some_o resemblance_n with_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o be_v sacrament_n they_o will_v be_v no_o sacrament_n the_o holy_a father_n confirm_v this_o resemblance_n some_o in_o the_o composition_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o say_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v call_v the_o body_n because_o it_o be_v make_v of_o several_a grain_n and_o the_o wine_n the_o blood_n because_o it_o be_v gather_v from_o sundry_a grape_n this_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o 26._o of_o comm._n in_o matth._n c._n 26._o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n of_o 76._o of_o ep._n 76._o st._n cyprian_n and_o of_o some_o other_o other_o ground_n it_o in_o the_o effect_n and_o say_v that_o the_o bread_n be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n because_o it_o do_v nourish_v and_o strengthen_v the_o body_n and_o that_o the_o wine_n be_v call_v his_o blood_n because_o it_o increase_v blood_n in_o the_o body_n and_o rejoice_v the_o heart_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n give_v by_o st._n 18._o st._n lib._n l._n deoffie_a ecclâ—s_n c._n 18._o isidore_n archbishop_n of_o sevil_n 14._o sevil_n comm_n in_o marc._n 14._o bede_n 31._o bede_n lib._n 〈◊〉_d inâ—â—â—_n cleric_a c._n 31._o rabanus_n and_o 26._o and_o comm._n in_o matth._n 26._o christian_a drutmer_n and_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o when_o jesus_n christ_n choose_v bread_n and_o wine_n to_o make_v they_o sacrament_n and_o type_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n he_o have_v regard_n unto_o the_o effect_n which_o they_o produce_v and_o see_v the_o four_o divine_a writer_n which_o have_v relate_v in_o their_o sacred_a book_n the_o history_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n have_v not_o mention_v whether_o the_o wine_n which_o our_o saviour_n use_v in_o institute_v and_o celebrate_v the_o sacrament_n be_v pure_a or_o mix_v the_o ancient_a christian_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o mingle_v water_n with_o the_o wine_n in_o the_o communion_n the_o jewish_a ritual_n as_o a_o learned_a 20._o learned_a buxtâ—â—f_n 〈◊〉_d hist_o s._n 〈◊〉_d §_o 20._o person_n and_o extreme_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_v and_o custom_n of_o that_o nation_n observe_v leave_v it_o unto_o the_o free_a will_n and_o choice_n of_o every_o person_n in_o celebrate_v the_o passover_n to_o use_v pure_a wine_n or_o wine_n mix_v with_o water_n so_o that_o our_o bless_a saviour_n accommodate_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o his_o sacrament_n with_o what_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o celebrate_n the_o jew_n passover_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a consider_v the_o silence_n of_o the_o evangelist_n and_o of_o s._n paul_n to_o determine_v whether_o the_o wine_n employ_v in_o the_o celebrate_n of_o his_o sacrament_n be_v mix_v with_o water_n or_o not_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o ancient_n believe_v there_o be_v water_n mingle_v with_o the_o wine_n and_o that_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o persuasion_n that_o they_o establish_v the_o custom_n of_o so_o do_v a_o very_a ancient_a practice_n see_v that_o st._n justin_n martyr_n who_o write_v about_o fifty_o two_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n john_n do_v express_o mention_v it_o for_o in_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o celebrate_v the_o sacrament_n in_o his_o time_n 1._o just_a martyr_n apolog._n 2_o or_o rather_o 1._o he_o observe_v positive_o that_o there_o be_v present_v unto_o the_o pastor_n bread_n and_o a_o cup_n with_o wine_n mingle_v with_o water_n that_o after_o he_o have_v bless_v and_o consecrate_v they_o all_o those_o which_o be_v there_o present_v receive_v of_o the_o bread_n the_o wine_n and_o the_o water_n which_o have_v be_v consecrate_v indeed_o as_o the_o first_o christian_n seek_v not_o so_o many_o mystery_n as_o those_o which_o come_v after_o i_o mean_v that_o they_o trouble_v not_o themselves_o in_o seek_v out_o of_o mystery_n in_o most_o thing_n relate_v to_o religion_n so_o they_o satisfy_v themselves_o with_o the_o innocent_a practice_n of_o this_o custom_n and_o religious_o to_o observe_v this_o use_n with_o much_o simplicity_n but_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o st._n justin_n have_v write_v what_o be_v above_o express_v they_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o seek_v a_o mystery_n in_o this_o mingle_n of_o water_n with_o the_o wine_n the_o first_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o that_o please_v himself_o to_o discover_v a_o mystical_a signification_n in_o the_o wine_n and_o water_n in_o the_o holy_a cup_n and_o of_o the_o mingle_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v the_o glorious_a martyr_n s._n cyprian_a who_o will_v that_o the_o wine_n shall_v represent_v the_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n the_o water_n shall_v show_v the_o believe_a people_n and_o that_o the_o mingle_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o shall_v show_v the_o indissoluble_a union_n which_o there_o be_v betwixt_o christ_n and_o believer_n 63._o cyprian_a â—p_n 63._o the_o faithful_a people_n say_v he_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o water_n and_o the_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n be_v denote_v by_o the_o wine_n and_o when_o the_o water_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o wine_n in_o the_o cup_n the_o people_n be_v unite_v unto_o jesus_n christ_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a be_v incorporate_v in_o he_o in_o who_o they_o believe_v and_o this_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o cup_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v such_o that_o those_o thing_n can_v be_v any_o more_o separate_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o can_v separate_v the_o church_n from_o the_o communion_n of_o jesus_n christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o believer_n which_o be_v in_o the_o church_n and_o do_v persevere_v faithful_o and_o firm_o in_o what_o they_o believe_v nor_o hinder_v but_o this_o indivisible_a love_n shall_v subsist_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v in_o consecrate_v the_o cup_n of_o our_o lord_n to_o offer_v wine_n alone_o or_o water_n alone_o for_o if_o only_a wine_n be_v offer_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o people_n and_o if_o only_a water_n be_v offer_v it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o people_n be_v absent_a from_o christ_n but_o when_o they_o be_v mingle_v and_o inseparable_o join_v together_o then_o be_v effect_v the_o spiritual_a and_o heavenly_a sacrament_n st._n cyprian_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o 2._o the_o can._n 2._o three_o council_n of_o braga_n in_o the_o year_n 675_o by_o 18._o by_o de_fw-fr offic_n eccles_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o isidore_n by_o 14._o by_o in_o marc._n 14._o bede_n by_o dom._n by_o de_fw-fr corp._n &_o long_o dom._n bertram_n or_o ratramne_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o holy_a father_n have_v think_v this_o mixture_n so_o essential_a unto_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n that_o the_o six_o ecumenical_a council_n assemble_v in_o the_o year_n 691_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o armenian_n that_o they_o celebrate_v the_o eucharist_n with_o pure_a wine_n because_o they_o justify_v themselves_o in_o this_o practice_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o st._n chrysostom_n the_o father_n explain_v the_o passage_n of_o this_o holy_a doctor_n whereof_o the_o armenian_n make_v use_v to_o authorise_v the_o practice_n of_o their_o church_n and_o have_v explain_v it_o they_o make_v this_o decree_n 32._o council_n trullan_n can._n 32._o if_o any_o bishop_n or_o other_o priest_n do_v not_o follow_v the_o order_n leave_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o if_o they_o mingle_v not_o water_n with_o the_o wine_n to_o offer_v the_o spotless_a sacrifice_n let_v he_o be_v depose_v because_o he_o declare_v the_o mystery_n imperfect_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n introduce_v a_o change_n in_o the_o tradition_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o the_o
term_v the_o mother_n and_o root_n of_o all_o riches_n the_o death_n of_o sin_n the_o life_n of_o virtue_n and_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v unto_o paradise_n they_o cheerful_o with_o their_o good_n relieve_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n and_o in_o the_o communion_n of_o which_o the_o lord_n be_v please_v by_o his_o grace_n to_o settle_v they_o to_o make_v they_o partaker_n of_o his_o great_a salvation_n s._n luke_n give_v we_o so_o clear_a and_o full_a a_o representation_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o it_o can_v be_v think_v of_o without_o admiration_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n without_o lament_v and_o deplore_a the_o dulness_n and_o coldness_n of_o these_o last_o time_n wherein_o be_v too_o plain_o see_v the_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n who_o foretell_v that_o iniquity_n shall_v abound_v and_o the_o love_n of_o many_o shall_v wax_v cold_a but_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o christian_a religion_n as_o this_o charity_n be_v in_o its_o great_a beauty_n the_o whole_a church_n offer_v unto_o god_n upon_o the_o table_n every_o lord_n day_n or_o on_o the_o day_n when_o they_o assemble_v to_o participate_v of_o this_o sacrament_n of_o their_o salvation_n and_o of_o there_o union_n their_o oblation_n for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o spiritual_a guide_n or_o minister_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o poor_a and_o for_o the_o other_o necessity_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n and_o out_o of_o these_o offering_n there_o be_v take_v as_o much_o bread_n and_o wine_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o holy_a communion_n a_o custom_n which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o begin_v to_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o apostle_n for_o s._n clement_n one_o of_o their_o disciple_n 53._o clement_n epist_n ad_fw-la cor._n p._n 53._o speak_v of_o it_o as_o of_o a_o matter_n already_o establish_v in_o that_o excellent_a letter_n which_o he_o write_v unto_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o of_o rome_n whereof_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pastor_n those_o say_v he_o which_o make_v their_o oblation_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v be_v agreeable_a and_o bless_a for_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o god_n they_o do_v not_o sin_n 60._o just_a mart._n apolog._n 1._o p._n 60._o and_o justin_n martyr_n in_o his_o first_o apology_n for_o the_o christian_n it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o second_o show_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o food_n which_o be_v offer_v unto_o god_n by_o believer_n with_o prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o be_v eat_v and_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a be_v call_v oblation_n and_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o excellent_a work_n he_o say_v that_o after_o prayer_n and_o the_o kiss_n of_o charity_n there_o be_v present_v unto_o the_o pastor_n bread_n and_o a_o cup_n mingle_v with_o wine_n and_o water_n and_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v these_o thing_n render_v praise_n and_o thanks_o unto_o god_n the_o father_n of_o all_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o son_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o there_o also_o he_o distinguish_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o minister_n for_o the_o consecration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o people_n present_v he_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n which_o action_n he_o call_v oblation_n which_o he_o repeat_v again_o afterward_o eleemos_n cypr_fw-la de_fw-la operib_n &_o eleemos_n s._n cyprian_n also_o mention_n these_o oblation_n but_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sacrifice_n when_o he_o reproach_v a_o rich_a and_o covetous_a widow_n that_o she_o come_v into_o the_o assembly_n or_o unto_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n without_o a_o oblation_n and_o that_o she_o take_v part_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n which_o the_o poor_a have_v offer_v 118._o hieron_n in_o â—erem_fw-la c._n 11._o &_o in_o ezech._n c._n 18._o innoc._n ad_fw-la dâ—cent_fw-la c._n 3._o ambros_n in_o pâ—al_a 118._o in_o like_a manner_n s._n jerom_n and_o pope_n innocent_a the_o first_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o their_o time_n the_o deacon_n do_v public_o repeat_v in_o the_o church_n the_o name_n of_o those_o which_o offer_v s._n ambrose_n bishop_n of_o milan_n in_o the_o argument_n upon_o the_o 118._o psalm_n and_o according_a to_o the_o hebrew_n the_o 119._o teach_v we_o that_o he_o that_o will_v communicate_v after_o have_v receive_v holy_a baptism_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v his_o present_a or_o gift_n at_o the_o altar_n in_o the_o constitution_n which_o common_o go_v under_o the_o apostle_n name_n 10._o conslit_fw-la apost_n l._n 8._o s._n 10._o prayer_n be_v make_v for_o they_o which_o offer_v sacrifice_n and_o the_o first-fruit_n to_o the_o end_n god_n will_v render_v they_o a_o hundred_o fold_n and_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o same_o piece_n several_a rule_n touch_v those_o oblation_n 122._o sozom._n hist_o eccles_n l._n 6._o c._n 15._o hist_o eccles_n l._n 5._o c._n 17._o aug._n ep._n 122._o sozomen_n observe_v in_o his_o church-history_n that_o the_o emperor_n valens_n come_v to_o church_n offer_v the_o gift_n upon_o the_o table_n theodoret_n report_v the_o same_o of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n and_o s._n austin_n speak_v of_o two_o christian_a woman_n captive_n who_o deplore_a their_o misery_n say_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v they_o can_v neither_o carry_v their_o oblation_n unto_o the_o altar_n of_o god_n nor_o find_v any_o priest_n unto_o who_o to_o present_v it_o he_o id._n serm._n 215._o the_o temp_n if_o it_o be_v he_o and_o elsewhere_o recommend_v unto_o his_o flock_n the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o these_o oblation_n offer_v say_v he_o the_o oblation_n which_o be_v consecrate_v at_o the_o altar_n that_o man_n that_o be_v able_a to_o offer_v and_o do_v not_o aught_o to_o blush_v for_o shame_n if_o he_o communicate_v of_o the_o offering_n of_o another_o and_o because_o the_o charity_n of_o christian_n decay_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o their_o zeal_n insensible_o fail_v and_o lose_v daily_o some_o of_o its_o ardour_n and_o strength_n these_o oblation_n be_v not_o so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v every_o one_o easy_o dispense_n with_o himself_o in_o not_o offer_v at_o the_o table_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v the_o council_n be_v oblige_v by_o their_o canon_n and_o decree_n to_o kindle_v the_o fire_n of_o this_o zeal_n which_o be_v almost_o extinguish_v whereunto_o tend_v that_o of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o mascon_n assemble_v anno_fw-la 585_o 4._o council_n matisc_n 2._o can_n 4._o which_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o people_n shall_v offer_v every_o lord_n day_n the_o oblation_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o that_o of_o the_o council_n of_o mayence_n anno_fw-la 813._o which_o require_v that_o christian_a people_n shall_v continual_o be_v put_v in_o mind_n to_o make_v the_o oblation_n gall._n con._n mogunt_n a_o 813._o can_n 44._o capitul_n 858._o c._n 53._o t._n 3._o council_n gall._n which_o be_v also_o repeat_v in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o capitulary_n of_o charlemagne_n chap._n 94._o it_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o instruction_n which_o herard_n archbishop_n of_o tours_n give_v unto_o his_o priest_n anno_fw-la 858._o that_o they_o shall_v exhort_v the_o people_n to_o offer_v their_o oblation_n to_o god_n and_o also_o in_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o ancient_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o that_o woman_n mention_v by_o john_n the_o deacon_n in_o the_o life_n of_o gregory_n the_o first_o need_v those_o exhortation_n of_o present_v she_o offer_v unto_o god_n or_o whether_o she_o do_v it_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n and_o by_o that_o ardent_a zeal_n which_o inspire_v the_o primitive_a christian_n with_o such_o commendable_a sentiment_n of_o pity_n and_o charity_n 41._o vita_fw-la gregor_n 1._o l._n 2._o c._n 41._o but_o in_o fine_a he_o write_v that_o a_o certain_a woman_n do_v offer_v unto_o gregory_n as_o he_o celebrate_v the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o mass_n the_o usual_a oblation_n and_o that_o afterward_o gregory_n say_v in_o give_v she_o the_o sacrament_n the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n preserve_v your_o soul_n she_o smile_v in_o that_o he_o call_v the_o loaf_n of_o bread_n which_o she_o make_v herself_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n none_o be_v admit_v unto_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o eucharist_n but_o those_o which_o present_v their_o oblation_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o canon_n in_o the_o council_n which_o prescribe_v to_o who_o the_o oblation_n be_v to_o be_v distribute_v and_o to_o who_o not_o but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o allege_v more_o proof_n of_o this_o ancient_a custom_n see_v the_o matter_n admit_v of_o no_o difficulty_n nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o all_o that_o we_o intend_v
sacrament_n it_o suffer_v only_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o altar_n he_o mean_v all_o the_o clergy_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o enter_v into_o the_o place_n where_o the_o altar_n be_v and_o there_o to_o communicate_v 18._o council_n tol._n â—_o c._n 18._o the_o four_o council_n of_o toledo_n assemble_v anno._n 633._o have_v leave_v we_o this_o canon_n after_o the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o the_o join_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o cup_n the_o blessing_n shall_v be_v give_v unto_o the_o people_n and_o then_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o shall_v participate_v of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o priest_n and_o the_o deacon_n shall_v communicate_v before_o the_o altar_n the_o clergy_n in_o the_o choir_n and_o the_o people_n without_o the_o quire_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o proceed_v all_o the_o prohibition_n that_o woman_n and_o other_o lay_v people_n shall_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o close_a where_o the_o altar_n 24._o herard_n in_o cap._n t._n c._n 24._o and_o the_o sacramental_a table_n be_v as_o when_o herard_n archbishop_n of_o tours_n order_v anno_fw-la 858._o that_o the_o woman_n and_o lay_v person_n shall_v not_o approach_v the_o altar_n it_o be_v probable_o what_o pope_n leo_n the_o four_o intend_v when_o he_o make_v this_o decree_n as_o be_v see_v in_o his_o life_n that_o whilst_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o mass_n be_v celebrate_v no_o lay_v person_n shall_v presume_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o presbytery_n that_o be_v to_o say_v d._n vit._n leon._n 4._o t._n 6._o council_n p._n 416._o d._n in_o the_o choir_n or_o sit_v or_o enter_v therein_o but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v consecrate_v and_o appoint_v to_o perform_v divine_a service_n the_o council_n in_o trullo_n anno_fw-la 691._o do_v except_o the_o emperor_n who_o it_o permit_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n when_o he_o will_v offer_v his_o oblation_n unto_o god_n 69._o council_n in_o trullo_n c._n 69._o that_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v say_v the_o father_n unto_o any_o lay_v person_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o pretend_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a tradition_n to_o include_v the_o emperor_n majesty_n in_o this_o prohibition_n when_o hâ—_n desire_v to_o present_v his_o oblation_n unto_o the_o creator_n balsamon_n patriarch_n of_o antioch_n and_o one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a canonist_n among_o the_o greek_n do_v extend_v much_o far_a this_o privilege_n grant_v unto_o the_o emperor_n he_o refute_v their_o opinion_n who_o restrain_v this_o liberty_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o the_o emperor_n make_v his_o offering_n at_o the_o holy_a table_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o liberty_n to_o enter_v therein_o to_o offer_v unto_o god_n other_o act_n of_o adoration_n trullan_n balsam_n in_o can_n 69._o trullan_n for_o my_o part_n say_v he_o i_o be_o not_o of_o that_o opinion_n for_o the_o orthodox_n emperor_n who_o do_v make_v patriarch_n by_o invocation_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n and_o which_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v do_v without_o any_o opposition_n enter_v when_o they_o please_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n and_o approach_v unto_o the_o altar_n as_o often_o as_o they_o will_n but_o the_o greek_n have_v no_o emperor_n of_o their_o religion_n groan_v for_o a_o long_a time_n under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o turk_n there_o be_v none_o among_o the_o lay_v people_n which_o partake_v of_o the_o privilege_n which_o their_o monarch_n and_o sovereign_n enjoy_v former_o therefore_o after_o the_o clergy_n have_v participate_v of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o wit_n he_o that_o celebrate_v either_o bishop_n or_o priest_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o altar_n the_o other_o priest_n round_o the_o altar_n and_o the_o deacon_n behind_o but_o all_o general_o within_o the_o rail_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n the_o lay_v people_n communicate_v without_o for_o the_o door_n of_o that_o place_n be_v open_a the_o deacon_n go_v out_o to_o distribute_v the_o sacrament_n unto_o the_o people_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o celebration_n be_v make_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o choir_n as_o james_n goar_n have_v observe_v a_o eye_n witness_n 171._o gore_n in_o encholog_n p._n 150._o n._n 171._o who_o also_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o be_v practise_v among_o the_o latin_n in_o s._n jerom_n day_n and_o prove_v it_o by_o these_o word_n of_o this_o holy_a doctor_n write_v against_o the_o â—uciferians_n 179._o id._n p._n 151._o n._n 179._o it_o pertain_v unto_o the_o bishop_n to_o handle_v the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o distribute_v it_o unto_o the_o people_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o all_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o greek_n as_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o russian_n do_v observe_v the_o same_o custom_n it_o be_v also_o very_a near_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o communicate_v the_o people_n in_o prester_n john_n country_n according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o francis_n alvarez_n a_o portugueze_n that_o have_v travel_v in_o those_o country_n many_o year_n for_o he_o write_v that_o the_o secular_o and_o lay_v folk_n 11._o alvar._n de_fw-fr aethiop_n c._n 11._o be_v near_o the_o chief_a door_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o clergy_n be_v and_o it_o be_v there_o that_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n receive_v the_o communion_n as_o for_o the_o posture_n and_o gesture_n of_o the_o communicant_a which_o be_v the_o last_o circumstance_n we_o intend_v to_o examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o the_o lord_n distribute_v his_o eucharist_n unto_o his_o disciple_n they_o be_v almost_o lie_v along_o that_o be_v lean_v a_o little_a one_o upon_o another_o because_o that_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o eat_v at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o jew_n and_o other_o eastern_a nation_n and_o that_o the_o disciple_n change_v not_o their_o posture_n in_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o posture_n they_o be_v in_o during_o the_o supper_n of_o the_o passover_n and_o because_o st._n john_n the_o belove_a disciple_n lean_v on_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n the_o scripture_n mention_n that_o he_o lie_v on_o his_o breast_n at_o the_o table_n or_o lean_v on_o his_o bosom_n the_o christian_n of_o the_o follow_a age_n draw_v near_o and_o approach_v unto_o the_o holy_a table_n present_o after_o consecration_n there_o to_o receive_v the_o sacred_a symbol_n of_o their_o redemption_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o justin_n martyr_n liturgy_n where_o we_o do_v not_o see_v any_o ceremony_n nor_o any_o kneel_v practise_v by_o the_o communicant_o in_o participate_v of_o this_o divine_a mystery_n only_o that_o go_v before_o unto_o the_o communion_n they_o give_v unto_o each_o other_o the_o kiss_n of_o charity_n in_o token_n of_o their_o love_n and_o union_n whereof_o this_o venerable_a sacrament_n be_v to_o be_v a_o more_o strict_a tie_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o the_o liturgy_n the_o faithful_a be_v warn_v to_o kiss_v each_o other_o before_o they_o appear_v at_o the_o lord_n table_n although_o this_o warning_n be_v give_v in_o some_o soon_o in_o other_o late_a but_o in_o all_o it_o be_v before_o the_o communion_n in_o those_o very_a liturgy_n which_o we_o have_v remain_v we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o communicant_a for_o after_o have_v show_v the_o sacrament_n unto_o the_o people_n and_o invite_v they_o unto_o the_o communion_n by_o these_o word_n holy_a thing_n be_v for_o the_o holy_a each_o believer_n draw_v near_o with_o the_o motion_n and_o desire_n of_o piety_n and_o devotion_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v to_o partake_v worthy_o of_o this_o divine_a sacrament_n denys_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n give_v sufficient_o to_o understand_v 9_o apud_fw-la euseb_n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 9_o that_o in_o his_o time_n that_o be_v in_o the_o three_o century_n the_o communion_n be_v receive_v at_o the_o holy_a table_n stand_v and_o not_o kneel_v when_o speak_v of_o a_o certain_a believer_n which_o often_o appear_v at_o the_o lord_n table_n to_o partake_v of_o the_o eucharist_n for_o he_o use_v a_o term_n that_o proper_o signify_v to_o present_v himself_o and_o to_o be_v there_o stand_v 145._o vale_n in_o euseb_n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 9_o p._n 145._o which_o give_v occasion_n unto_o this_o observation_n of_o monsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr valois_n the_o believer_n which_o be_v to_o communicate_v draw_v near_o the_o altar_n and_o there_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o priest_n hand_n the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n stand_v and_o not_o kneel_v as_o be_v at_o this_o day_n practise_v tertullian_n have_v speak_v before_o denys_n of_o this_o custom_n of_o communicate_v stand_v in_o his_o book_n of_o prayer_n ult_n tertul._n de_fw-fr orat._n c._n ult_n wherein_o he_o speak_v of_o
impure_a hand_n in_o a_o council_n at_o saragosse_n in_o spain_n 739._o t._n 1._o council_n p._n 684._o ib._n p._n 739._o assemble_v anno_fw-la 380._o there_o be_v a_o canon_n against_o those_o who_o receive_v the_o eucharist_n and_o do_v not_o eat_v it_o a_o ordinance_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v renew_v in_o the_o fourteen_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n four_o hundred_o upon_o which_o canon_n 47._o page_n 47._o garsias_n loaysa_n a_o spaniard_n observe_v that_o ancient_o the_o church_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v the_o eucharist_n unto_o believer_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a testimony_n some_o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o cite_v the_o prohibition_n make_v by_o a_o council_n of_o carthage_n anno_fw-la 419._o of_o give_v the_o eucharist_n unto_o dead_a body_n do_v no_o less_o justify_v this_o practice_n because_o the_o father_n allege_v for_o a_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v write_v afric_n can._n 18._o in_o cod._n afric_n take_v eat_v and_o that_o dead_a body_n can_v neither_o take_v nor_o eat_v st._n austin_n who_o be_v present_a at_o this_o council_n intend_v not_o to_o depart_v from_o this_o use_n for_o write_v against_o the_o donatist_n petilian_n 7._o contra_fw-la petil._n l._n 2._o c._n 23._o t._n 7._o he_o say_v unto_o he_o when_o you_o celebrate_v the_o sacrament_n unto_o who_o do_v you_o give_v the_o kiss_n of_o charity_n into_o who_o hand_n do_v you_o give_v the_o sacrament_n and_o unto_o who_o at_o your_o turn_n reach_v you_o out_o the_o hand_n to_o receive_v it_o of_o he_o that_o give_v it_o hitherto_o communicant_n receive_v the_o eucharist_n with_o the_o naked_a hand_n but_o in_o this_o v._o century_n there_o begin_v some_o difference_n to_o be_v make_v betwixt_o man_n and_o woman_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o woman_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n with_o the_o hand_n indeed_o 10._o serm._n 252._o the_o temp_n t._n 10._o but_o upon_o it_o a_o clean_a linen-cloth_n the_o man_n say_v st._n austin_n when_o they_o desire_v to_o communicate_v wash_v their_o hand_n and_o the_o woman_n present_v clean_a clothes_n whereon_o they_o receive_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n a_o diocesan_n synod_n of_o auxerr_n assemble_v anno_fw-la 578._o by_o aunacharius_n the_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v call_v the_o linen-cloth_n use_v by_o the_o woman_n to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n the_o dominical_a that_o each_o woman_n say_v the_o 42._o canon_n sirmond_n t._n 1._o council_n gall._n sirmond_n when_o she_o communicate_v have_v her_o dominical_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o which_o have_v it_o not_o let_v she_o not_o receive_v until_o the_o next_o lord_n day_n and_o in_o the_o 36._o canon_n it_o make_v this_o decree_n a_o woman_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n with_o her_o naked_a hand_n but_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v still_o receive_v with_o the_o hand_n see_v that_o a_o few_o year_n after_o this_o synod_n of_o auxerr_n cautin_n bishop_n of_o clermont_n in_o auvergne_n say_v unto_o count_n eulalius_n by_o the_o report_n of_o gregory_n of_o tours_n in_o his_o history_n 8._o hist_o l._n 10._o c._n 8._o take_v the_o part_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o put_v it_o into_o your_o mouth_n cardinal_n baronius_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a annal_n attribute_n unto_o maximus_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 650._o and_o who_o he_o style_v defender_n of_o the_o catholic_n verity_n against_o the_o monothelite_n the_o same_o word_n but_o now_o allege_v of_o st._n augustine_n or_o very_o near_o they_o 148._o apud_fw-la baronium_n annal._n eccl._n add_v a_o 57_o n._n 148._o that_o all_o man_n who_o desire_v to_o communicate_v do_v first_o wash_v their_o hand_n to_o the_o end_n that_o with_o a_o clear_a understanding_n and_o purify_a conscience_n they_o may_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o christ_n that_o the_o woman_n also_o present_a clean_a clothes_n whereon_o they_o receive_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n with_o a_o pure_a understanding_n and_o a_o clear_a conscience_n nevertheless_o the_o vi_o universal_a council_n assemble_v anno_fw-la 681._o make_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o canon_n ten_o year_n after_o that_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 691._o in_o one_o of_o which_o it_o express_o prohibit_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n any_o other_o way_n but_o with_o the_o hand_n only_o and_o blame_v all_o those_o who_o employ_v any_o thing_n else_o for_o this_o use_n and_o because_o this_o canon_n be_v none_o of_o the_o worst_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n we_o will_v make_v no_o scruple_n of_o insert_v it_o here_o at_o large_a 349._o can._n 101._o t._n 5._o council_n p._n 349._o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n do_v bold_o call_v man_n create_v after_o the_o image_n of_o god_n the_o body_n and_o temple_n of_o christ_n he_o than_o that_o be_v above_o any_o sensible_a creature_n have_v obtain_v a_o heavenly_a dignity_n by_o the_o save_a passion_n eat_v or_o drink_v jesus_n christ_n be_v absolute_o dispose_v and_o fit_v for_o eternal_a life_n and_o partake_v of_o divine_a grace_n be_v sanctify_v both_o in_o body_n and_o soul_n therefore_o if_o any_o desire_n to_o participate_v of_o the_o immaculate_a body_n and_o will_v present_v himself_o at_o the_o communion_n in_o the_o assembly_n let_v he_o put_v his_o hand_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n and_o so_o draw_v near_o and_o receive_v the_o communion_n of_o love_n as_o for_o those_o who_o instead_o of_o the_o hand_n make_v use_n of_o vessel_n of_o gold_n or_o of_o any_o other_o matter_n to_o receive_v the_o divine_a gift_n and_o who_o therein_o receive_v the_o immaculate_a communion_n we_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v they_o because_o they_o prefer_v a_o inanimate_a thing_n and_o which_o be_v inferior_a unto_o they_o before_o the_o image_n of_o god_n if_o any_o one_o therefore_o be_v take_v give_v the_o bless_a communion_n unto_o such_o as_o bring_v such_o vessel_n let_v he_o be_v excommunicate_v with_o he_o that_o bring_v they_o we_o be_v then_o come_v unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o vii_o century_n wherein_o the_o custom_n of_o receive_v the_o eucharist_n with_o the_o hand_n continue_v without_o any_o other_o alteration_n than_o what_o have_v be_v mention_v either_o with_o the_o linen_n clothes_n with_o which_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o v._o century_n be_v oblige_v in_o some_o place_n to_o receive_v the_o communion_n at_o least_o if_o the_o sermon_n above_o cite_v in_o s._n augustine_n name_n be_v his_o which_o be_v not_o over_o certain_a in_o which_o case_n we_o must_v descend_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o vi_o century_n and_o beside_o not_o pass_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o auxerr_n or_o of_o those_o little_a vessel_n forbid_v by_o the_o vi_o ecumenical_a council_n establish_v the_o ancient_a use_n of_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n with_o the_o hand_n only_o and_o i_o do_v not_o see_v that_o the_o roman_a catholic_n 148._o ad_fw-la a_o 57_o n._n 147_o 148._o or_o the_o protestant_n do_v deny_v it_o for_o cardinal_n baronius_n in_o his_o annal_n the_o friar_n combefis_n in_o his_o augmentation_n of_o the_o library_n of_o the_o holy_a father_n gabriel_n the_o laubespine_n bishop_n of_o orleans_n 16._o t._n 2._o p._n 1014._o l._n 1._o obser_n 16._o a_o very_a learned_a prelate_n in_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a observation_n the_o famous_a mounseur_fw-fr arnold_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n of_o frequent_a communicate_v 747._o part._n 1._o p._n 265._o pâ—g_v 403._o pag._n 747._o and_o the_o abbot_n of_o billy_n upon_o gregory_n nazianzen_n first_o oration_n against_o julian_n the_o apostate_n and_o garsias_n loaysa_n upon_o the_o 14._o canon_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o last_o edition_n at_o paris_n all_o those_o i_o say_v and_o other_o also_o concur_v herein_o with_o the_o protestant_n it_o be_v true_a baronius_n and_o combesis_n observe_v that_o this_o custom_n continue_v long_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n which_o i_o do_v not_o judge_v aught_o absolute_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o better_a to_o follow_v its_o trace_n in_o the_o western_a church_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a further_o to_o survey_v what_o remain_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o latin_a world_n the_o xi_o council_n of_o toledo_n anno_fw-la 675._o in_o the_o eleven_o canon_n do_v explain_v the_o fourteen_o 11._o council_n tolet._n 11._o can_n 11._o canon_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o the_o same_o place_n against_o those_o who_o have_v receive_v the_o eucharist_n do_v not_o '_o eat_v it_o and_o the_o xvi_o council_n in_o the_o six_o canon_n anno_fw-la 693._o 6._o council_n tolet._n 16._o câ—n_n 6._o allege_v against_o some_o priest_n who_o make_v a_o little_a round_a crust_n for_o the_o communion_n the_o example_n of_o jesus_n christ_n sufficient_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o they_o intend_v
at_o troy_n be_v solemnize_v the_o memory_n of_o st._n prudens_fw-la bishop_n and_o confessor_n this_o saint_n be_v bear_v in_o spain_n endow_v with_o divine_a grace_n and_o illustrious_a by_o his_o zeal_n for_o religion_n and_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o spain_n by_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v come_v into_o france_n he_o draw_v the_o admiration_n and_o love_n of_o all_o man_n therefore_o after_o the_o death_n of_o adelbert_n bishop_n of_o troy_n whither_o he_o have_v retire_v himself_o and_o have_v give_v proof_n of_o his_o virtue_n and_o merit_n he_o be_v elect_v and_o appoint_v the_o 37th_o bishop_n of_o that_o church_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v so_o advance_v unto_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n he_o shine_v like_o a_o light_n set_v in_o a_o candlestick_n not_o unto_o this_o church_n alone_o but_o also_o throughout_o all_o france_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o most_o holy_a life_n and_o by_o the_o splendour_n of_o divine_a wisdom_n he_o be_v the_o ornament_n and_o delight_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o time_n a_o defender_n of_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o faith_n and_o a_o oracle_n of_o ecclesiastical_a knowledge_n as_o for_o the_o deacon_n florus_n he_o have_v transmit_v unto_o we_o himself_o evidence_n of_o his_o belief_n in_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o mass_n at_o least_o if_o that_o be_v the_o work_n of_o this_o florus_n deacon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o lion_n who_o in_o this_o explication_n be_v styâ—â—â—_n master_n florus_n for_o trithemius_n attribute_n this_o little_a treatise_n whereof_o we_o speak_v unto_o one_o florus_n a_o benedictine_n friar_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o trom_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n and_o other_o make_v its_o author_n to_o be_v the_o deacon_n florus_n that_o write_v against_o amalarius_n and_o against_o john_n scot_n upon_o the_o subject_a of_o predestination_n this_o latter_a opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o likely_a and_o the_o reason_n which_o make_v i_o not_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o be_v that_o i_o observe_v the_o author_n of_o this_o interpretation_n of_o the_o mass_n have_v copy_v ten_o line_n verbatim_o out_o of_o the_o book_n which_o agobard_n bishop_n of_o lion_n under_o lewis_n the_o debonair_a son_n of_o charles_n the_o bald_a write_v against_o amalarius_n 170._o vid._n flor._n bibl._n patr._n t._n 6._o edit_n ult_n p._n 171._o unde_fw-la eccles_n etc._n etc._n et_fw-fr agobard_fw-mi contr_n amalar._n c._n 13._o p._n 115._o florus_n in_o exposit_n missae_fw-la bibl._n patr._n t._n 6._o p._n 170._o now_o there_o be_v much_o more_o probability_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v write_v by_o a_o deacon_n of_o the_o same_o church_n then_o by_o a_o monk_n of_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n it_o be_v then_o evident_a after_o this_o remark_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o that_o this_o little_a treatise_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o deacon_n florus_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o he_o have_v design_v to_o inform_v we_o the_o oblation_n say_v he_o although_o take_v from_o the_o simple_a fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v unto_o believer_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o only_a son_n of_o god_n by_o the_o ineffable_a virtue_n of_o divine_a benediction_n he_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o wicked_a and_o the_o good_a and_o say_v the_o sacrament_n be_v make_v unto_o the_o latter_a the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o unto_o the_o former_a it_o be_v nothing_o less_o because_o they_o have_v not_o faith_n a_o declaration_n which_o as_o the_o protestant_n say_v agree_v not_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o real_a presence_n by_o which_o the_o eucharist_n be_v make_v the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n not_o only_o unto_o the_o good_a but_o unto_o the_o wicked_a also_o florus_n explain_v himself_o very_o clear_o ibid._n ibid._n when_o he_o add_v this_o body_n and_o this_o blood_n be_v not_o gather_v in_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o in_o the_o grape_n nature_n give_v it_o not_o unto_o we_o but_o it_o be_v consecration_n that_o make_v it_o unto_o we_o mystical_o jesus_n christ_n be_v eat_v when_o the_o creature_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n pass_v into_o the_o the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o flesh_n and_o blood_n by_o the_o ineffable_a sanctification_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n he_o be_v eat_v by_o parcel_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o he_o remain_v entire_a in_o heaven_n and_o entire_a in_o your_o heart_n he_o will_v say_v that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v natural_o bread_n and_o wine_n that_o consecration_n make_v it_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n which_o be_v eat_v in_o morsel_n under_o the_o sign_n which_o represent_v he_o but_o as_o to_o himself_o he_o be_v whole_a and_o entire_a in_o heaven_n as_o he_o be_v whole_a and_o entire_a in_o the_o heart_n of_o every_o believer_n in_o quality_n of_o a_o quicken_a and_o save_a object_n embrace_v by_o faith_n so_o to_o find_v life_n and_o salvation_n in_o partake_v of_o he_o because_o it_o be_v he_o that_o have_v merit_v salvation_n for_o we_o by_o his_o death_n and_o purchase_v life_n for_o we_o by_o his_o suffering_n and_o as_o the_o eucharist_n be_v the_o memorial_n of_o this_o death_n and_o these_o suffering_n florus_n make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v make_v unto_o believer_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n because_o in_o participate_v of_o this_o divine_a mystery_n faith_n look_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o only_a object_n of_o its_o contemplation_n manducation_n and_o participation_n thus_o much_o these_o other_o word_n of_o the_o same_o author_n import_n 171._o ibid._n p._n 171._o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o oblation_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v mystical_a we_o see_v one_o thing_n and_o we_o understand_v another_o what_o be_v see_v be_v corporal_a what_o be_v understand_v have_v a_o spiritual_a fruit._n moreover_o he_o say_v plain_o that_o what_o our_o saviour_n command_v his_o disciple_n to_o take_v and_o eat_v be_v bread_n he_o say_v unto_o they_o of_o the_o bread_n take_v and_o eat_v you_o all_o of_o this_o ibid._n ibid._n and_o speak_v of_o the_o cup_n the_o wine_n say_v he_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o our_o redemption_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o by_o these_o word_n i_o will_v no_o more_o drink_n of_o this_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n in_o fine_a expound_v these_o last_o word_n of_o the_o mass_n whereby_o o_o lord_n ibid._n ibid._n thou_o always_o creat_a for_o we_o all_o these_o good_a thing_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o thanksgiving_n which_o in_o the_o latin_a liturgy_n do_v follow_v the_o consecration_n he_o sufficient_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o he_o believe_v not_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v change_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n see_v he_o speak_v of_o they_o as_o of_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v create_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o make_v still_o every_o year_n by_o propagation_n and_o by_o reparation_n which_o he_o sanctifi_v and_o fill_v with_o his_o grace_n and_o heavenly_a blessing_n which_o himself_n interpret_v to_o be_v of_o corn_n and_o of_o wine_n thus_o it_o be_v that_o many_o do_v explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o author_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o deacon_n florus_n write_v at_o lion_n christian_n druthmar_n priest_n and_o friar_n of_o corby_n and_o companion_n or_o ratramn_v in_o the_o same_o monastery_n compose_v his_o commentary_n upon_o st._n matthew_n gospel_n and_o we_o shall_v forthwith_o see_v what_o he_o write_v of_o the_o eucharist_n if_o sixtus_n senensis_n do_v not_o stop_v we_o a_o little_a moment_n this_o famous_a library-keeper_n do_v accuse_v protestant_n of_o have_v corrupt_v the_o text_n of_o druthmar_n in_o read_v in_o the_o sacrament_n whereas_o he_o pretend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o copy_n of_o a_o manuscript_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o franciscan_n at_o lion_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v subsist_v real_o in_o the_o sacrament_n the_o first_o thing_n we_o shall_v do_v then_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o accusation_n for_o the_o faith_n of_o sixtus_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o many_o as_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o man_n that_o approve_v very_o well_o of_o expurgatory_n index_n and_o one_o that_o have_v lay_v two_o other_o accusation_n unto_o the_o same_o protestant_n charge_v which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v false_a 72._o bibl._n sanct._n in_o ep._n ad_fw-la pium_fw-la v._n id._n l._n 6._o annot._fw-la 72._o one_o be_v to_o have_v corrupt_v and_o alter_v a_o passage_n of_o ferus_fw-la a_o franciscan_a friar_n concern_v the_o temporal_a power_n of_o the_o pope_n although_o ferus_fw-la his_o commentary_n upon_o st._n matthew_n wherein_o the_o passage_n in_o dispute_n be_v contain_v be_v
all_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n which_o have_v thereupon_o ensue_v and_o the_o many_o dispute_n and_o contest_v which_o have_v frequent_o happen_v in_o europe_n from_o paschas_fw-la until_o berengarius_fw-la and_o from_o berengarius_fw-la until_o the_o great_a separation_n of_o the_o protestant_n the_o method_n propose_v by_o we_o necessary_o require_v that_o we_o shall_v employ_v this_o three_o part_n in_o examine_v the_o worship_n i_o mean_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n and_o preparation_n which_o shall_v go_v before_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o of_o the_o inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o communicant_a either_o towards_o god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sacrament_n itself_o that_o we_o shall_v examine_v the_o great_a question_n of_o latrie_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o discover_v what_o the_o church_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n require_v of_o those_o which_o approach_v unto_o the_o holy_a table_n to_o participate_v of_o this_o adorable_a mystery_n of_o our_o salvation_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o first_o christian_n which_o abound_v with_o zeal_n and_o piety_n content_v themselves_o in_o celebrate_v this_o divine_a sacrament_n with_o indifferency_n and_o mere_o for_o fashion_v sake_n and_o only_o to_o declare_v what_o they_o believe_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o symbol_n of_o their_o use_n and_o employment_n and_o that_o they_o omit_v the_o necessary_a preparation_n both_o for_o celebrate_v and_o for_o worthy_o partake_v thereof_o in_o fine_a the_o abode_n which_o i_o make_v in_o the_o country_n of_o ecclesiastical_a antiquity_n and_o the_o inspection_n which_o for_o some_o year_n i_o make_v into_o the_o record_n and_o register_n which_o contain_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o this_o great_a and_o sublime_a mystery_n be_v not_o celebrate_v and_o that_o none_o presume_v to_o communicate_v without_o great_a preparation_n devotion_n and_o respect_n and_o that_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n make_v the_o action_n of_o jesus_n christ_n celebrate_v his_o sacrament_n and_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n in_o communicate_v the_o model_n of_o their_o celebration_n whereunto_o nevertheless_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o add_v several_a ceremony_n which_o have_v not_o be_v use_v at_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o this_o same_o saviour_n the_o foundation_n of_o their_o doctrine_n and_o of_o their_o faith_n upon_o this_o important_a article_n of_o religion_n they_o have_v also_o consider_v the_o commemoration_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o afterward_o his_o apostle_n command_v we_o to_o make_v of_o his_o person_n and_o of_o his_o death_n and_o the_o proof_n and_o examination_n which_o this_o latter_a require_v of_o we_o as_o the_o fountain_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o the_o disposition_n necessary_a for_o celebrate_v and_o for_o conimunicate_v have_v therefore_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o the_o two_o first_o head_n we_o be_v indispensible_o oblige_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o three_o point_n thereby_o to_o finish_v and_o complete_a this_o history_n and_o because_o the_o celebration_n precede_v the_o communion_n and_o that_o the_o action_n of_o he_o that_o celebrate_v go_v before_o they_o of_o the_o communicant_a we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o preparation_n incumbent_a upon_o he_o which_o do_v celebrate_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o preparation_n which_o precede_v the_o celebration_n when_o jesus_n christ_n do_v celebrate_v his_o eucharist_n the_o evangelist_n do_v not_o mention_v that_o he_o prepare_v himself_o by_o any_o ceremony_n they_o only_o declare_v that_o after_o the_o supper_n of_o the_o passover_n be_v end_v he_o take_v bread_n and_o that_o have_v pray_v unto_o his_o father_n over_o this_o bread_n he_o break_v it_o and_o distribute_v it_o unto_o his_o disciple_n i_o only_o say_v that_o at_o the_o very_a instant_n there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o he_o lift_v up_o his_o soul_n unto_o his_o father_n to_o beseech_v he_o that_o he_o will_v make_v this_o sacrament_n which_o he_o go_v about_o to_o institute_n for_o a_o seal_n of_o his_o covenant_n save_v and_o efficacious_a unto_o his_o child_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o take_v the_o bread_n to_o make_v it_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n he_o do_v it_o with_o that_o reverence_n which_o of_o itself_o show_v that_o he_o go_v about_o do_v something_o that_o be_v of_o great_a weight_n and_o moment_n the_o evangelist_n nor_o st._n paul_n make_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o preparation_n accompany_v with_o many_o external_a ceremony_n our_o saviour_n design_v to_o institute_v this_o mystery_n with_o much_o plainness_n and_o simplicity_n agreeable_a unto_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gospel_n the_o worship_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v whole_o spiritual_a and_o divine_a according_a unto_o what_o jesus_n christ_n say_v unto_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n that_o god_n be_v a_o spirit_n and_o he_o must_v be_v worship_v by_o they_o which_o serve_v he_o in_o spirit_n and_o in_o truth_n about_o six_o or_o seven_o score_n year_n after_o the_o conductor_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n use_v no_o other_o ceremony_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n for_o st._n justin_n martyr_n 2._o st._n justin_n martyr_n apol._n 2._o who_o give_v a_o ample_a description_n of_o the_o exterior_a form_n of_o celebrate_v the_o sacrament_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o his_o time_n prescribe_v no_o other_o preparation_n unto_o we_o on_o behalf_n of_o the_o pastor_n before_o the_o sacrament_n but_o only_o that_o when_o the_o sermon_n make_v unto_o the_o people_n be_v end_v read_v some_o portion_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n he_o make_v a_o prayer_n unto_o god_n and_o that_o when_o prayer_n be_v finish_v the_o believer_n have_v salute_v each_o other_o with_o the_o kiss_n of_o charity_n there_o be_v present_v unto_o he_o bread_n wine_n and_o water_n over_o which_o thing_n he_o pray_v unto_o god_n to_o consecrate_v they_o and_o the_o people_n have_v answer_v amen_o the_o distribution_n be_v make_v unto_o the_o communicant_o by_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o deacon_n nothing_o can_v be_v see_v more_o simple_a nor_o more_o agreeable_a unto_o the_o institution_n of_o this_o sacrament_n than_o the_o manner_n that_o be_v use_v in_o celebrate_v of_o it_o in_o the_o day_n of_o st._n justin_n see_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o preparation_n make_v by_o he_o that_o celebrate_v in_o order_n unto_o this_o holy_a action_n be_v content_a to_o prepare_v and_o dispose_v himself_o thereunto_o in_o private_a by_o ardent_a and_o zealous_a prayer_n unto_o god_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o enable_v he_o by_o his_o grace_n to_o celebrate_v this_o venerable_a sacrament_n with_o the_o gravity_n reverence_n and_o devotion_n befit_v so_o illustrious_a a_o monument_n of_o his_o great_a kindness_n and_o love_n but_o this_o great_a simplicity_n be_v not_o to_o the_o like_n of_o those_o which_o come_v after_o they_o think_v god_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v with_o more_o pomp_n and_o that_o the_o splendour_n of_o outward_a ceremony_n will_v advance_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o his_o religion_n it_o often_o happen_v that_o we_o think_v god_n be_v like_o our_o own_o self_n and_o that_o because_o we_o natural_o love_v outward_a pomp_n and_o be_v exceed_o incline_v unto_o pageantry_n we_o fond_o conceit_n that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o almighty_a and_o that_o the_o service_n which_o we_o address_v unto_o he_o will_v be_v much_o more_o acceptable_a for_o be_v beautify_v and_o enrich_v with_o a_o great_a many_o ceremony_n and_o attend_v with_o many_o mystical_a action_n into_o which_o deep_a search_n must_v be_v make_v to_o understand_v their_o sense_n and_o meaning_n this_o be_v indeed_o the_o spring_n and_o original_a cause_n of_o all_o those_o which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o man_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n but_o because_o we_o here_o only_o inquire_v into_o those_o which_o celebrate_v and_o of_o the_o preparation_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o make_v for_o this_o holy_a action_n we_o must_v to_o prosecute_v our_o design_n consider_v what_o be_v happen_v in_o this_o preparation_n since_o justin_n martyr_n in_o the_o constitution_n which_o go_v in_o the_o apostle_n name_n there_o be_v a_o liturgy_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n wherein_o after_o prayer_n unto_o god_n for_o the_o catechumeny_n the_o energumeny_n and_o the_o penitent_n for_o those_o which_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v baptism_n and_o for_o the_o faithful_a and_o after_o have_v dismiss_v all_o those_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o church_n can_v not_o be_v present_a at_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a mystery_n the_o deacon_n do_v present_a upon_o the_o altar_n 12._o constit_fw-la