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A16237 The true order and methode of wryting and reading hystories according to the precepts of Francisco Patricio, and Accontio Tridentino, two Italian writers, no lesse plainly than briefly, set forth in our vulgar speach, to the great profite and commoditye of all those that delight in hystories. By Thomas Blundeuill of Newton Flotman in Norfolke. Anno. 1574. Blundeville, Thomas, fl. 1561.; Patrizi, Francesco, 1529-1597. Della historia diece dialoghi.; Aconcio, Iacopo, d. 1566. Della osservationi et avvertimenti che haver si debbono nel leger delle historie. 1574 (1574) STC 3161; ESTC S104654 14,877 67

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vvhat vvas the cause or causes of that vvhereof euery thing proceeded returning still backevvard euen to those things vvhich in the first order vvere first to be considered you shall obserue the seconde order But if you examine euery thing by it selfe as the establishing of peace and cōfirmacion of leagues and truces with neighbours the prouision of mony men Munition the order of Marching incamping and fighting and so all the reast of the meanes reducing euery thing to his generall kind without obseruing vvhat vvas first or last done so as you comprehende in youre diuision nothing but those meanes that appertayne to the obtayning of the victorie then you shall obserue the thirde order The first order properly belongeth to him that laboureth to come to some ende and is meete for the first reading of any Hystorie sith all thinges are vvoont to be tolde in suche order as they were done The seconde order is very necessary to iudge of euerye thing vvhat is vvell or euill done and to consider better aftervvarde of those thinges vvhich vvere not easye to be well cōsidered of at the first Also vvhen a thing vvas not to be obtayned by one meane vvhither it might be obtayned by an other meane or not and vvhere want is what meane vvere most mete to supply eche others place But if so much knovvledge were not to bee gathered oute of that tale or Hystorie then to cōsider by vvhat meanes the lyke ende had bene obtayned else vvhere VVherby you shall see that one hath brought a thing to passe by one meane vvhiche an other coulde not doe the like by an other meane In vsing this consideration in many like causes declaratiōs you shal be able quicklye to discerne vvhich meanes bee good and vvhich be not to bring anye thing to passe The third order is good for him that hath obserued the tvvo first orders to reduce all things in to a briefe summe that he may the more easily commit them to memorie or vvhen he hath to put any thing in execution as to make diuers prouisiōs or to distribute to diuers persons diuers charges and offices But vvho so euer doth consider and examine euerye thing that is of any moment or importance by all these three orders aforesayde cannot choose but reape of his labour great benefite And bycause vve finde manye tymes that like meanes haue bene vsed to the obtayning of like endes as vve suppose yet not vvith like successe we ought therfore diligently to cōsider the diuers natures of thinges and the differences of tymes and occasions and such like accidents to see if vve can possibly finde out the cause why mens purposes haue taken effect at one time and not at an other And by noting all that hath bene sayde touching the nature and propertie of anye thing ▪ vve shall learne vvhich accidentes are vvoont to accompanie togither and vvhich not Thus much touching the first and seconde part of humaine vvisedome Novv to the thirde part vvherby we are taught not only to note the taking and leauing of all occasions and opportunities vvhereby anye good hath bene procured but also all the daungers of euills that eyther in tyme haue beene vvyselye foreseene and fled or into vvhich for lacke of foresight men haue headlong fallen hauing therein regarde to euery mannes state condicion facultie profession and other such like circumstaunces to the intent that vve our selues may learne thereby to doe nothing vnaduisedly And as the examples of prosperous successes vvhich God hath gyuen as iuste revvardes to those that vvoorke according to vertue the great good will and loue that all men haue tovvardes them their fame glorie praise sounding in all mens mouthes and finally their immortalitie in being chronycled for their noble actes do chiefely serue to sturre vs to verteous honest and commendable doinges Euen so nothing is more meete to dravve vs from vice and dishonest dealing than the examples of euill successes vvhich God hath giuen to the vvicked as punishments for theyr euill deserts their shame infamie the hatred enmitie that they procure to themselues not onelye vvhilest they lyue but also after their death the Infamie which they leaue to their familye posteritie countrie vvhose secrete wycked deeds are layde open to the world by vvritten Hystorie in such sort as men vvill not for shame once name those persons vvhiche in their life time woulde be honored as Gods. Moreouer to this thirde part doe appertayne all the great labours expenses and perils that noble minded men haue sustained eyther in following that vvhich is good and commendable or in fleeing that vvhich is euill detestable And to the intent that in our reading vve omitte nothing vvorthie to be noted vve maye not make ouer much haste but rather reade ley surely and vvith Iudgement that remembring euerye thing meete to be obserued vvee may fitly applie the same to some good purpose and make it to serue our tourne vvhen neede is And though vve seeke by reading Hystories to make our selues more wyse asvvell to direct our ovvne actions as also to counsell others to sturre them to vertue and to vvithdravve them from vice and to beautyfie our ovvne speache vvith graue examples vvhen vve discourse of anye matters that therby it may haue the more aucthoritie waight and credite yet there is some difference of consideracion to be had when by examples wee mynde to profite oure selues when vve minde to profite others For manye tymes a thing of small importaunce maye eyther quicken or confirme in our selues a part of vvisedome of great importaunce but in counselling others if wee woulde haue our woordes to be of force and efficacie vve muste vse those examples that be of waight and importance And therefore vvhen we finde any such in our reading vve must not onely consider of them but also note them apart by themselues in such order as we may easily finde them when soeuer we shall haue neede to vse them And the order of such examples would not be altogither according to the names of the persons from vvhence they are takē which order some writers do commonlye vse in the tables of theyr bookes but rather according to the matters purposes vvhereto they serue Neyther is it sufficient in this behalfe to haue onely common places of vertues and vices or of thinges commendable and not commendable but other places also besydes them meete to be applyed to euerye one of those partes of obseruacion vvhiche vvee seeke vvhich places are to be founde ordered and disposed not before vvee begin to reade but whylest wee continue in reading and in obseruing all kynde of matters euery day vvith better iudgement than other And by considering vnder what title euery example is to be placed for the ready finding thereof vvee shall greatlye helpe our memorie But novve to conclude as he that maketh these obseruaciōs in reading Hystories shall reape in my opinion that fruite which is proper to that kynde of studye and bee able therby greatly to profite both himselfe and his commō vvealth So I can not tell vvhyther I may deryde or rather pittie the great follie of those vvhich hauing consumed all theyr lyfe tyme in hystories doe knovv nothing in the ende but the discents genealoges and petygrees of noble men and vvhen such a King or Emperour raigned such lyke stuffe vvhich knovvledge though it be necessarie and meete to be obserued yet it is not to be cōpared to the knovvledge that is gotten by such obseruacions as vve require be of greater importaunce to the obtayning vvhereof I vvish all readers of Hystories to employe theyr chiefest studye care diligence FINIS
minde of custome or else of the discourse of reason The acts vvhich vve doe being forced by outvvarde occasion deserue neyther blame nor prayse neyther are they to be follovved or fled sith they proceede not of our ovvne courage or covvardlynesse And therefore it shall suffice to make mention of these so farre as they may eyther further or hinder those actions that spring of invvarde causes vvhich actions are most vvorthye to bee vvritten I meane those actes vvhich the person of whom you vvrite dyd himselfe and not the actes of his Auncetours or that vvere done parhaps in his tyme hee deseruing to haue no parte thereof neyther are all his actes to be vvritten but those onely vvhich are notable and may serue to some good example And as touching the invvarde causes I meane here by nature that inclynacion vvhich a man hath from his cradle by affections I meane certayne liuelye motions as anger loue hatred put in execution For so they bring foorth actions eyther by sodain motions vvithout electiō or else by some passion bred by custome and growne to hab te Some agayne doe spring of bare and simple discourse accompanyed neither vvith passion or custome And some doe spring of discourse accustomed eyther to vice or vertue And therefore the vvriter in tellyng the actes and deeds ought to shew of which of these causes aboue sayde suche actes proceeded specially those that vvere done vvith choyse and election And to doe this vvell he ought to consider that though the discourse and affectiō from whence the action springeth proceedeth for the most parte of nature yet they be somtimes greatly increased and augmented by other things that are not naturall ▪ as by the educatiō and nurture vvhich man hath frō his tender yeres or by the studies exercises hereto he is giuen in his ripe age And these two things do vvorke three effectes First they do confirme a man in that vvherein hee hath bene trained exercised brought vp Secondly they frame his affections therevnto And finally they breede by custome suche a perfect habite in the minde as being once gotten is vvorthie eyther of prayse or disprayse To bring therefore into a briefe summe those things vvhich are chiefly to bee considered by the vvryter vvho hath to chronicle any mans life I saye that they be these The name of the man his familie his parentes and his Countrye and also his destinie fortune and force or necessitie if they seeme manifestly to appertayne to the action his nature affections and election proceeding eyther of vvisedome passion or custome his education exercises deedes and speaches and also the age and time vvherein euery notable acte was done and the qualities of his bodye vvhither they vvere signes and tokens of his mynde or else helps to the actions And as the vvriter is bounde to shevv the educatiō of the person chronicled and those exercises and studyes vvhereby hee hath formed hys maners so also he is bounde to tell euery deede vvorde signe or token that maye signifie eyther his maners his nature his affections thoughts or any maner of motion of the mynde For sith that the minde is the fountayne and father of all actions it behooueth vs to knovv that as perfectly as is possible to the intēt that in measuring therby his deeds and speaches both profitable and hurtfull vve may be able to iudge of their goodnesse or naughtinesse both by that vvhich is honest or dishonest profitable or hurtfull in deede and also by the apparance thereof And sith that to profite others vvee obserue in mans lyfe none other thing but deeds speaches It is needefull not onely to consider the thinges that go before vvhich vve haue heretofore rehearsed but also those things vvhich of necessitie doe accompany such deeds or speaches that is to save the doer the causes the tyme the place the meane and instrumentes and such lyke in such sort as the vvriter in duelye obseruing these circumstances may set foorth a true and lyuelye Image of both lyfe and man whereof he maketh his hystorie VVhat Profite hystories doe yeelde EVery Citie or Countrye standeth vpon three principall pyonts vnto one of vvhich all publique actions doe appertaine that is peace sedition and vvarre the first is the ende of the tvvo last ▪ in the vvhich ende the happinesse of our lyfe cōsisteth and the accomplishment of three desires vvhich we naturally haue first to lyue secondly to lyue contentedly or blessedly and thyrdly to lyue alvvayes in that happinesse so far as is possible to mans nature vvhich three things the latt●ns doe briefly vtter in this sort Esse benè esse semper esse And as touching peace first it is meete to knovve the vvay vnto it And then to follovve that vvaye that vve maye attayne it And by this vvord peace I meane not onely that vvhich consisteth in outvvarde actions but also inwardly in the mind For the outward peace thanks be vnto God to our most gracious Queene vvith hir honourable Counsell vve do quietly enioy here in Englande at this present and haue done manye yeares But the invvarde peace of the heart and mynde hovv small it is God knovveth best The vvay to come to that peace vvherof I speake is partly taught by the Philosophers in generall precepts and rules but the Historiographers doe teache it much more playnlye by perticular examples and experiences and speciallye if they be vvritten vvith that order diligence and iudgement that they ought to be And as the true peace standeth chiefly vppon the contentment of the mindes of the Citizins as vpon hir proper foundacion euen so that cōtentment is grounded vpon the ciuill discipline education laws offices and duties of euery order and companye in the Citie And such peace is broken eyther by some invvarde cōmotion or else by outvvarde vvarre If by invvarde sturre then the cause thereof is sometime the lacke of things necessarie for the maintenaunce of lyfe as of foode apparell and habitacion or dvvelling vvherevvith those that are pinched doe ryse eyther agaynst they owne Citizens that doe abounde and haue plentie or else against theyr neighbours and borderers And somtime the cause of such sturre may be for that they be not suffered to participate of the honors and dignities of the Citie or cōmon vveale And sometyme they rise for excessiue tributes paymēts leauied by the chiefe heads Agayne sometime for iniuries and vvrongs done by one to another all vvhich occasions being taken avvay the peace is easilye preserued vnto vvhiche ende all good lavves orders decrees ought to tende so as a man may rightly say that peace vvholy consisteth in lavves vvell made and vvell kept And as for outvvard vvarre to be offered by the straunger it is eyther open or by the waye of treason The vvaye to be preserued from treason consisteth in hauing good espyall and true intelligence in vvell revvarding the discouerers of the treason in sharpely punishing the