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A72118 An abridgement, or rather, A bridge of Roman histories to passe the neerest way from Titvs Livivs to Cornelivs Tacitvs. Vnder which (in three bookes) as it were throvgh three arches, for the space of sixe score yeeres, the fame and fortune of the Romans ebbs and flowes.; Historicall collection of the continuall factions, tumults, and massacres of the Romans and Italians Fulbecke, William, 1560-1603? 1608 (1608) STC 11413.5; ESTC S124529 87,718 220

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was like to Iugurth in his fight and in his fortune not vnlike to him the exploits and stratagemes of them both were singular and admirable but their end and last euent was miserable and mournefull Iugurtha was taken by treacherie Sertorius by the Sertorius is slaine treason of M. Antonius and M. Perperna his captaines was slaine as he was sitting at a bāquet in the eight yeare of his rebellion his empire was presently transferred to M. Perperna whome Pompey ouercame tooke prisoner and put to death and in the tenth yeare after the beginning of this warre he tooke Spaine The Romanes were in these times busied molested in Italie by certaine fencers or sword players trayned vp in a shadowed fight vnder the gouernment of Lentulus but defying their maister and stirred with an hellish humor to seate themselues in the highest thrones of honor for as fire is to gunpowder so is ambition to the heart of man which if it be but touched with self-selfe-loue mounteth aloft and neuer bēdeth downward till it be turned to ashes they raunged themselues and drew to their ensignes a great multitude of forlorn men For in processe of time their armie did encrease to fourescore thousand and moe The leaders were Spartacus Enomans and Crixus who making great spoile and saccage in Italie at length imbattelled themselues vpon the mountaine Vesurius Against them were sent Clodius Glaber and Publius Varinius but their armies were suddenly by these enemies discomfited therefore the yeare next ensuing C. Lentulus and L. Gellius Consuls and Q. Arrius the Praetor prepared against them Crixus one of these rebellious captaines was together with his whole armie vtterly ouerthrowne but Spartacus in whome was more vigor of sinewes courage and counsell conducting his souldiers from the Apennine mountaine to the Alpes and from the Alpes into France was at the first enforced to retire by one of the Consuls by the other to flye But afterward hauing animated surueyed and marshalled his men he did suddenly turne backe vpon the Consuls gaue them battell in seuerall Spartacus a fence-plaier doth encounter the army of the Consuls places ouercame them was marching toward Rome there to possesse himself of the Capitole and to erect a monarchie but that the Consuls reuniting their dissipated forces did hardly with much labour great slaughter of men restraine and hinder him But he hauing lost his purpose yet not loosing his time surprised the goodly citie of the Thuririans Spartacus taketh the citie of the Thurians where breathing for a while refreshing his armie and soone after reencountring the Romanes he obtained a glorious victorie and a plentifull spoile This successe did notably enhance the pride of Spartacus who presuming now that he was better then the Consuls thought himselfe therefore fit to be a king And as Athenio not long before a shepheard and drudge in the fields hauing slaine his maister in Sicilie and mustred vnder ensigne a great number of vagrant persons by whose meanes he did spoile and lay wast many hamlets castles and villages and applauding to himselfe in this succesfull pillage and roguerie was adorned with a purple garment strowted and walked along with a staffe of siluer and enuironed his head with a crowne of gold so did this rebell of Italie assume to himselfe a regall pompe and title making fortune his rest which of all things is most vnlike to it selfe thought he might as easily continue as beginne a conquest But the Romanes who neuer could suffer victorie to warme her selfe long with the robes of a straunger committed the whole scope and charge of the warre to M. Crassus their Praetor M. Crassus appointed for the warre against Spartacus a man ambitious and venturous he hauing ioyned battell with Granicus one of the rebell chieftaines did slay both the captaine and thirtie fiue thousand of his souldiers and after fighting with Spartacus did slay him with him fortie thousand fiue thousand onely escaped whom Cn. Pompeius returning from the Spanish warre did suddenly meete and presently put to the sword After these times M. Cicero being Consul whose nouity and strangenesse in Rome the nobilitie and rarenesse of his good gifts might iustly excuse who for all his excellent qualities was more beholding to nature then education as for his vertue famous so for his eloquence most famous by whom it was that the Romanes were not inferiour to them in wit whom they vanquished in warre the conspiracie of Catiline was detected and determined and Cicero for his constancie courage watchfulnesse in suppressing the scalefire of that warre to the vtmost cinder was intitled by the name of Pater patriae the father of his Cicero called Pater patriae countrey But before I enter into the discourse of his rebellion I must make knowne the person of the traytor and the cause of the treason L. Sergius Catilina was in face and feature comely and absolute in wit prompt Catiline his qualities and pregnant in eloquence sweet and delightfull in pompe and maiestie princely and regall in courtly behauiour quaint and delicate and to set vpon this gold a Diamond of a most noble parentage There were certaine families amongst the Romanes which surmounted ouerheaded the rest being most auncient and of a worthie originall and they are parted into two discents some of them hauing the Aborigines to their auncestours and some the Troianes The first and principall of the race of the Aborigines was the familie of the Vitellij being discended frō Faunus the king of the Aborigines which did inhabite Italie before the comming of Aeneas and Queene Vitellia which in many places was worshipped as a goddesse the secōd was the familie of the Fabij whose ofspring is rightly deriued from Fabius the son of Hercules the third was the lineage of the Antonij issuing from Anton an other of Hercules his sonnes the fourth was the race of the Potitij so named of Potitius who did with great curtesie entertaine Hercules when he was entred Italie the fift was the house of the Mamilij borne of Mamilia the daughter of Telegonus one of Vlysses his sonnes begotten of Circe that notorious enchauntresse The other families which referred their beginning to the Troiane roote were ten in number first the house of the Iulij who descended frō Iulus the sonne of Aeneas the second the Aemilij who tooke their name of Aemilius the sonne of Ascanius a Troiane of that house was the matchlesse Scipio sonne to Paulus Aemilius who being the Romane Generall destroyed Carthage The third the Nautij of Nautes one of Aeneas his companions for when Diomedes hauing stolen the image of Pallas did perceiue that it was of no vse to him after the destruction of Troy he offered it as a present to Aeneas passing by his kingdome but as Aeneas doing then sacrifice was turning himselfe Nautes did lay hold of the image by that meanes did appropriate the vse of it to himselfe so that
killed by Aspwormes him she put Aspes to her breasts and was by them done to death though her keeper had praecise charge to looke carefully vnto her Aegypt was then brought by Caesar into the forme of a prouince and hauing made Cornelius Gallus Praesident there he came to Rome where he had a triple triumph the one of Dalmatia which he brought to conformitie after his warre finished against Sex Pompeius the other of Actium the third of Alexandria VVhen Cęsar with the great applause and gratulation of the Romanes had pacified the whole praecinct of the world and for that cause had shut the temple of Ianus the third time and an augurie of safetie was celebrated which two things were neuer done but when the whole Empire was in quietnesse he purposed to depose the Empirie to bring the common-weale to a good perfect constitution To depose the Empirie M. Agrippa did perswade him but Męcęnas did disswade him whose opinion he yeelded vnto VVherfore endeuoring by law to confirme the Empirie and to win the fauour and good ęstimation as well of the Nobles and Senators as of the people he burnt all the letters which the citizens that were then in Rome or out of Rome had writtē to Antonius lest any Senator who did follow Antonius his faction should thinke himselfe to be hated of Caesar for that cause so should attempt some mischiefe against him he releeued the common stocke which was greatly wasted by ciuill warres with his owne priuate wealth them that were indebted to the common treasurie the billes of debt being burnt with his owne handes he did free from the daunger of the rolle And whereas many things were done in the tumults and seditions of the citizens against law and custome by Lepidus and Antonius he did repeale them by an Edict and made his sixth Consulship which he then enioyed to be the death-death-day of these lawes by which meanes when he had worthily drawne vnto him the hearts of the people yet in one thing he pleased them aboue the rest which was done rather of pollicie thē of plaine meaning for hauing singled out a great number of Senators whose loue toward him was specially approued in a very frequent Senate he did offer to surrender the Empire into the hands of the Senators and people But some of the Senators because they suspected that his wordes differed from his meaning some because they did feare greater daunger by a popular estate others because they feared his displeasure if they should agree vnto it they did with one voice refuse the offer and ioyned in earnest sute and humble petition vnto him that he would be the sole gouernour and absolute Emperour of Rome and for that cause they did decree that the stipēd of those who did guard his person should be doubled that he might be in more safetie by that meane both to his friends and to the cōmonweale VVhen by the franke assent of the Senate and people he had thus not confirmed the auncient Empirie but in deed created a new Monarchie that he might seeme popular he was content to charge him selfe with the weightie affaires of the Empire but the authoritie and dignitie thereof he did cōmunicate with the people and therefore vnto the Senate and people he did all to Numidia Asia Graecia Epirus Dalmatia Macedonia Sicilia Creta Cyrene Bythinia Pontus Sardinia and Hispania Betica which were the more peaceable and quiet countries To him selfe he tooke the other parts of Spaine and all Fraunce Narbonesis Lugdunensis Aquitanica Celtica likewise Germania Coelosyria Phoenicia Cyprus and Aegypt And that he might void out of their minds all suspition of Monarchie the supreme authoritie that was assigned to him he did only restraine to ten yeres continuance The Romanes did bestow diuerse honors vpon Caesar planting before the doore of his Court a Bay tree on The Romans plant a bay tree before Octauius his doore the top whereof they set a wreath of oaken boughs signifying that he was the man that had both ouercome their enemies and set their citie in safetie They decreed also that his Court should be called a Pallace so that in what region soeuer the Romane Emperor did soiourne his Court was called a Pallace and that he should be called Augustus For when many would haue adorned him with some title of excellencie Caesar had a great desire to be called Romulus secundus but because that did resemble too much the title of a king he was content to be called Augustus that is maiesticall or diuine Thus had Caesar the power of a king the stile only foreprised In him all the dignities and magistracies did meete he was sole Consul in determining iudicially of publike affaires sole Pōtifex for he had that speciall title sole Censor in taxing the Romanes by poales and fining them for faults sole Tribune in abrogating these lawes voiding these acts which were made and done by other magistrates which though in shew they were maine yet in deed there was now but one Magistrate in Rome one Emperour one Augustus but these honors did not warrant Caears quietnesse for he was endangered by many trecheries and being thereby too seuere in punishing both the worthie and vnworthie vpon suspition surmise without anie formall proceeding against them he did indeed minister oile vnto the flame of their malice Amongst the rest Cn. Cornelius whose grandfather was Cn. Pompeius Magnus did with his complices imagine and conspire the death of Augustus whom Cesar would not put to death because he thought by that meane he should gaine no great securitie neither would he deliuer them from imprisonment lest others might take courage counsell to attempt the like VVith this doubt perplexitie he was grieuously troubled and cares did torments his mind both in the night and in the day time wherefore walking alone in his garden and musing what to do Liuia the Empresse came vnto him and prayed him of all loues to reueale vnto her what griefe had encroched vpon his heart and what was the cause of his vnusuall dumpes to whom Caesar made this answer Can any man Liuia be of a calme and contented mind against whom on euery side are layd the snares of treason Seest thou not how manie doe besiege my quietnesse whom the punishment of condemned persons doth not only not deterre but as if there were some hope of reward others rush desperatly forward to vnlawfull attempts Liuia when she heard this did thus reply It is no maruel my Lord if you be beset with dāgers partly because you are a man and therefore borne to casualtie partly an Emperour by whose authoritie because manie are put to death many that liue do conceiue hatred against you for a Prince cānot only not please all but though he gouerne in most orderly and peaceable maner it cannot be otherwise but he should haue many foes For there be not so many iust as iniurious whose humours can neuer be satisfied
they which be of the better sort do aime at great matters which because they can not obtaine and because they are inferiour to others are full of male-contentment and for that cause they are offended with their Prince But the danger vnto which you are subiect by them which do not cōspire against your person but against your estate cannot anie way be auoided For if you were a priuate man none would offer you iniurie vnlesse he receiued wrong before at your hands but an Empire and the reuenues thereof they which haue power do rather affect then they which are poore do loath This though it be a point of vnconscionable men yet as other faults so this is the seed of nature which out of some men neither by rewards nor by threats you shall be able to extirpate for neither feare nor lawe can do more then nature VVhich being thoroughly cōsidered it will seeme a great deale more conuenient to strengthen and stablish your Empire with faithfulnesse and loyaltie then with sharpnesse and rigor Augustus did thus reioyne I know Liuia that the highest things be most subiect to hatred the greatest Emperours haue the greatest enemies for if our cares griefes and perils were not greater then the griefes and perturbations of priuate mē we should be aequal to the Gods but this doth chiefly molest me that I cannot deuise anie remedie which may cure conquer this mischiefe All men haue enemies many haue bene slaine by enemies but the estate of Princes lieth so open to casualtie that we are cōstrained to feare our familiar frinds and our daily acquaintance with whom because we must continually conuerse we do continually feare and this maladie is more hardly redressed then emnitie for against our enemies we may oppose our friends but if our friends do faile vs where is thē our helpe therfore both solitude and multitude is grieuous vnto vs it is dangerous to be without a gard but to haue an vnfaithful gard is much more dangerous Apparant enemies may be auoided but false-hearted friends we cannot anie way shunne for we must call thē friends of whose constant faithfulnesse we can not possibly be assured for my selfe I do plainely protest that my heart abhorreth from the extremitie of punishment and the necessitie of torture goeth greatly against my mind Then said Liuia You haue spoken well my Lord but if you will be aduised by me you ought not to refuse my counsell because it proceedeth from a woman I will aduise you of that which none of your friends will impart vnto you not because they are ignorant of it but for that they dread your displeasure VVhich Augustus taking hold of Tell it me Liuia said he whatsoeuer it is I will said Liuia and that as willingly as you would heare it for I am made partaker of your destinie Caesar being safe I am Empresse and he being dishonored which misfortune the Gods auert I am also disgraced and bereaued of glorie That I may not vse an ambush of words nor a labyrinth of circumstances my theame shal be one word and that is Clemencie Change thy course Augustus and forgiue some of thy foes manie things may be healed by lenitie which crueltie can neuer cut off Neither do I speake this as if disloyall and irregular persons should generally and without difference receiue mercie nay they that be notoriously stained and branded with conspiracie they that trouble the quietnesse of the Common-weale they that are ouerflowed with vices whose life is nothing else but leudnes so that they are past hope or helpe cut them off my Augustus as the putrified parts of a distempered bodie but they which either through the infirmitie of youth or the imprudency of mind or through ignorance or mischaunce haue offended or which against their willes haue bene drawne into daunger admonish them but with minatorie speeches and let them finde grace but with condition Some thou mayest punish with exile some with infamie and some with money and that none may be vniustly condemned nor by a fained accusation suffer death let the truth be tried by such proofes as may worthilie be approued For it behooueth thee Augustus not onely to be free from doing wrong but euen from shew and semblance of iniurie Priuate men haue done enough if they haue not offended but a Prince must endeuor not to be suspected of faults Thou rulest ouer men not ouer beasts ouer Romanes and not ouer Barbarians and the onely meane to lincke their hearts vnto thee is to benefite all and to oppresse none For though a man may be constrained to feare yet he cannot be enforced to loue for when the subiect clearely discerneth that his Prince is bountifull he is soone perswaded but when he is once resolued vpon manifest praesumption that some be vniustly put to death lest the same thing happen vnto him he may iustly feare and whō he so feareth he hateth with the strength of his heart But a Prince is the priuiledge of his subiects security that they take no harme neither of forreiners nor of their fellow subiects much lesse of their Prince protector And it is a great deale more magnificent and glorious to saue then to kill wherfore lawes benefites admonitions must be vsed that men may become circumspect warie and further they must be so diligently watched and obserued that though they would be yet they may not be traiterous and they which are greene in conceit and as it were flexible waxe to the stronger powers must haue perpetuall conseruatiues lest they be corrupted and to tollerate the offences of some is both great wisedome and great manhood for if euerie mans fault should be his fall the earth would soone lacke inhabitants Thinke my good Augustus that the sword cannot do all things for thee it cannot make men wise it cannot make them faithful it may constraine them but it cannot perswade them it doth pierce the heart of him that is slaine but it doth alienate the mind of him that doth liue VVherefore alter thy opinion noble Emperour and by vsing clemencie they will thinke that all that thou hast heretofore done was done by necessitie and against thy will but if thou perseuerest still in the same minde and purpose they will impute all that hath bene done to the austeritie and sourenesse of thy nature VVith these speeches of Liuia Augustus being moued pardoned many and vsed as much lenitie as his owne safetie would beare whereby he purchased the entire loue of the Romanes and all his life time after there was neuer anie treason attempted against him Thus after ciuill emnities extinguished forreine warres fully ended iustice recalled destiny satisfied strength was restored to lawes authoritie to Magistrates dignitie to the Nobles maiestie to the Senate safetie to the people the fieldes were without hinderance trimmed and tilled the sacrifices celebrated and solemnized quietnesse returned to men and euerie possession to his lawfull owner good lawes were made