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A13748 The examinacion of Master William Thorpe preste accused of heresye before Thomas Arundell, Archebishop of Ca[n]terbury, the yere of ower Lord .MCCCC. and seuen. The examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell Lorde Cobham, burnt bi the said Archebisshop, in the fyrste yere of Kynge Henry the Fyfth. Thorpe, William, d. 1407?; Tyndale, William, attributed name.; Constantine, George, ca. 1501-1559, attributed name.; Oldcastle, John, Sir, d. 1417. Examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell. aut 1530 (1530) STC 24045; ESTC S104932 68,800 141

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wold Christ deid wilfully for mans sake vpon the crosse And notwithstādinge that Christ was wilfully paynfully ād most shamfully put to deeth as to the worlde there was left bloude and water in his herte as he before ordened that he wolde shede out this bloude and this water for mans saluacion And therfore he suffered the Iewes to make a blinde knight to thrust him in to the herte with a spere and this the bloude and water that was in his hert Christ wolde shede out for mās loue And after this I beleue that Christ was taken downe from the crosse and buried And I beleue that on the thrid daye by power of his god heed Christ rose again from deth to life And the .xl. daye ther after I beleue that Christ ascended vp in to heuen and that he there sitteth on the right hande of god the father almyghty And the tenth daye after this vp goinge he sente to his apostles the holy goost that he had promysed them before And I beleue that Christe shall come and iudge all mankinde some to euerlastinge peace and some to everlastynge paynes And as I beleue in the father and in the sonne that they are one god almyghty so I beleue in the holy goost that is also with them the same god almighti And I beleue an holy chirche that is all thei that haue byn and that now are and alwayes to the ende of the worlde shal be a people the which shall endeuer them to knowe to kepe the commaundementes of god dredinge ouer all thynge to offende god and lovynge and sekynge most to please hym And I beleue that all they that haue had and yet haue and all they that yet shall haue the foresayde ververtuous surely standynge in the belefe of god hopyng stedfastly in hys mercifull doynges cōtinuynge to their ende in perfect charite wilfully paciently and gladly soferynge persecuciōs by the example of Christ chefly ād his apostles all these haue their names wryten in the boke of life Therfor I beleue that the gaderynge together of this people lyuynge now here in this lyfe ys the holye chyrche of god feyghtynge here on erth agaynst the fende the prosperyte of the worlde and their fleshely lustes Wherfore seyng that all the gadering together of this church before said and euery parte therof nother coueteth nor willeth nor loveth nor seketh any thinge but to eschew the offence of god and to do his pleasynge will mekely gladly and wilfully of all myne herte I submitt my selfe vnto thys holye church of christ to be ever buxsom and obediente to the ordinaunce of it and of euery member thereof after my knowlege and power by the helpe of god Therfore I knowlege now ād euermore shall if god will that of all my harte and off all my might I will submyt me only to the rule and gouernaunce of them whome after my knowlege I maye perceave by the havynge and vsynge of the beforesayd vertues to be membres of the holy churche Wherfore these articles off belefe and all other bothe of the olde lawe and of the newe whiche after the commaundement of god any man oughte to beleue I beleue verely in my soule as a synnefull deedly wretche of my cunnynge and power oughte to beleue prayenge the lorde god for his holye name for to encrease my belefe and helpe my vnbelefe And for bycause to the praysynge of goddes name I desyre aboue all thynge to be a faythfull membre of holy churche I make this protestacyon before you all foure that are now here presente covetynge that all men and women that nowe absente knewe the same that what thynge so ever before this tyme I haue sayde or done or what thynge here I shall doo or saye at any tyme here after I beleve that all the olde lawe and the newe lawe geuen and ordened by the councell of these thre persones of the trynite were geuen and wrytten to the saluacyon off mankynde And I beleue that these lawes are sufficient for mans saluacyon And I beleue every article of these lawes to the entente that these articles were ordened and commaunded of these thre persones off the moste blessed trynyte to be beleued And therfore to the rule and the ordynaunce off these goddes lawes mekely gladly and wilfully I submytte me with all myne harte that who ever can or wyll by ouctoryte off goddes lawe or by open reason tell me that I haue erred or nowe erre or any tyme here after shall erre in any article of belefe fro whyche inceonvenience god kepe me for his goodnesse I submytte me to be reconcyled and to be buxum and obedyente vnto these lawes of god and to every article of them For by auctorite specyally of these lawes I will thorowe the grace of god be vnyed charytably vnto these lawes Yee syr and ouer thys I beleue and admytte all the sentences auctorites and reasons off the saynctes and doctoures accordynge vnto holy scripture and declarynge it truely I submytte me wylfully and mekely to be ever obediente after my connynge and power to all these saynctes and doctoures as they are obedyente in worke and in worde to god and to his lawe and forther not to my knowlege no● for any erthly power dignite or state thorowe the helpe of god But Syr I praye you tell me yf after youre biddyng I shall laye my hande vpon the boke to the entente to swere thereby And the Archebishope sayde to me yee wherfore els And I sayde to him Syr a boke is no thynge els but a thynge coupled together of dyuerse creatures and to swere by any creature both gods lawe and mans lawe is agaynst But Syr this thinge I saye here to you before these youre clerckes with my forsayd protestacion that howe where when and to whom men are boūdē to swere or to obeye in ony wyse after gods lawe and sayntes trewe doctours according with gods lawe I will thorow gods grace be euer redy therto with all my conning power But I pray you syr for the charite of god that ye will before that I swere as I haue here rehersed to you tell me how or whereto that I shall submytt me shewe me wherof that ye will correcte me what is the ordinaunce that ye will thus oblige me to fulfyll And the Archebishop seid vnto me I will shortely that nowe thou swere here to me that thou shalt forsake all the opinions which the secte of Lollardes holde and is slaundred with so that after this tyme nother pryuely nor apertly thou holde any opiniō which I shall after that thou haste sworne reherse to y● here Nor thou shalt fauer no man nor womā yong nor old that holdeth any of thes foreseid opiniōs but after thi knowlege power thou shalt enforsethe to withstande all soche distroblers of holye chyrche in euery diocese that thou comest in thē that will not leaue their false and dampnable opinions thou shalt putt them vp
loue for to please him in true faithfull keping of his commaundementes And agene they that are said to be in the faithe of holy chirche in Shrewisbery and in other places by open euidence of their proude enuiouse maliciouse couetouse lecherouse and other foule wordes workes nother knowe nor haue will to knowe nor to occupye their wittes truely and effectuously in the righte faith of holy churche Wherfore all these nor none that folowe their maners shall ony tyme come verely in the faithe of holy churche excepte they enforce them more truelye to come in the waye whiche nowe they despyse For these men and women that are nowe called feyth full and holden iuste nother knowe nor will exercyse them selfe to knowe of faythfulnesse one commaundement of god And thus full many men and women now and specially mē that are named to be principall lymmes of holy church stiere god to greate wrathe and deserue his curse for that they call or holde them iuste men whiche are full vniuste as their vicyouse wordes their greate customable sweringe and their slaūderouse and shamefull workes shew openly and witnesse And herefor soche viciouse men and vniuste in theire owne confusyon call them vniuste men and women which after their power and conning besy them self to lyue iustely after the commaundement of god And where syr ye say that I haue distrobled the cominalte of Shrewisbery and many other men women with my teaching yf it thus be it is not to be wondred of wise men syns all the cominalte of the cyte of Ierusalem was destrobled off christes awne person that was very god mā and most prudent precher that euer was or shal be And also all the Synagoge of Nazareth was moued ageynste Christe and so fulfylled with ire towardes him for his preachinge that the men of the Synagoge rose vp and cast ch●iste out of their cyte and ledde him vppe to the toppe of a moūtayne for to caste him doune ther hedelinge Also accordingly hereto the lord witnessyth by Moses that he shall put dissension betwixt his people ād the people that contrarieth and persewith his people Who syr is he that shall preache the treuthe of goddes worde to the vnfeithfull people and shall let the sothe fastenesse of the gospell the prophecye of god almightye to be fulfilled And the archebishop said to me It foloweth of thes thy wordes that thou soche other thīkest that ye do right well for to preach teach as ye do without authorite of any bishope For ye presume that the lorde hath chosen you only for to preache as faithfull disciples and speciall folowars of Christe And I said Syr by authorite of gods lawe also of seintes doctours I am learned to deme that it is euery priestes office and deutie for to preache besily frely and truely the worde of god For no doute euery priest shold purpose fyrst in his soule couett to take the order of priesthode chefly for to make knowē to the people the worde of god after his conning power approuyng his wordes euer to be true by his vertuous workes and for this entent we suppose the bishopes and other prelates of holy chirch shold chefely take vse ther prelacie And for the same cause bishopes sholde gyue to priestes their orders For bisshopes sholde accept no mā to priesthode except that he had good will full purpose wer wel disposed well learned to preache Wherfore syr by the bidding of Christ by example of his moste holy lyuyng also by the witnessinge of his holy apostles prophetes we are bounde vnder full great peyne to exercyse vs after our cōning and power as euery prieste is like wise charged of god to fulfyll dewly the office of priesthode We presume not here of oure selfes for to be estemed nother in oure owne reputaciō nor in none other mannes feithfull disciples ād speciall folowers of Christe but syr as I said to you before we deme this by authorite chefely of goddes worde that it is the chefe deutie of euery prieste to besy them feithfully to make the law of god knowen to his people and so to comune the cōmaundement of god charitably howe that we may beste where whan to whome y● euer we may is our very deutie And for the will besynesse that we owe of dewe dette to do iustely our office thorow the steyring ād speciall helpe as we truste of god hoping stedfastely in his mercye we desyre to be the feithfull disciples of christe and we praye this gracious lorde for his holy name that he make vs able so to please hym with deuoute prayers and charitable priestly workes that we may obteyne of him to folowe him thankfully And the Archebishop said to me Lewde losell wherto makist thou soche veyne reasones to me Asketh not seynt Paul how sholde priestes preche except they be sent But I sent the neuer to preche For thy venemous doctryne is so knowen thorow out Englōd that no bishop will admitt the for to preache by witnessyng of their letters Why than lewde ydiote willest thou presume to preach syns thou art not sent nor licensed of thy souereyn to preach Saith not seynt Paule that subictes owe to obeye their souereyns ād not only good and vertuous but also tyrauntis that are vicious And I said to the archebishop Syr as touching your letter of licēce or other bishopes whiche ye say we sholde haue to witnesse that we wer able to be sent for to preache we knowe well that nother you syr nor ony other bishop of this lande will graunte to vs ony soche letters of licence but we sholde oblige vs to you to other bisshopes by vnlefull othes for to passe not the bōdes termes which ye syr or other bishopes wil lymyt to vs. And sins ī this matter your termis be some to large some to streite we dare not oblige vs thus to be boūdē to you for to kepe the termes which you will lymitt to vs as ye do to friers soch other prechers therfor though we haue not your letter sir nor letters of other bishops writē with ynke vpō perchemēt we dare not here for leaue the office of preching to which preching all priestes after there cōnyng power are bounde by diuerse testimonies of gods lawe off great doctours without ony mēciō makīg of bishopes letters For as mekell as we haue takē vpō vs the office of priesthode though we are vnworthy thereto we come purpose to fulfyll it with the helpe of god by authorite of his owne lawe and by witnesse of great doctours seintes accordingly hereto trusting stedfastly in the mercye of god For that he commaundeth vs to do the office of priesthode he will be our sufficient letters witnesse if we by example of his holy lyuing teaching specially occupye vs feithfully to do our office iustly ye the people to whome we preache be they
Apostles moste openly shewing and declaring how the chirche of Criste hathe ben and yet shulde be rewlid ād gouernid Therfore so many men and women couet this learnyng purpose thorough goddis grace to conforme their lyuyng lyke to this learnyng of Wicleff Master Iohn aiston tawght and writ accordingly ād full besily wher and whan and to whome that he myght and he vsid it hymself right perfitely vnto his lifes ende And also Philip of Rampenton while he was a chanone of Lacester Nicolas Herforde Dauy Gotray of Pakring monke of Bylande and a master of diuinite and Iohn Purnay ād many other wich wer holden right wise men prudent tawcht and writ besily this forseid learnyng and conformid them therto And with all thes men I was ofte right homely ād communyd with them long tyme and ofte and so before all other men I choes wilfully to be infourmyd of them and by them and specially of Wicleff hymself as of the moste verteuous godly wyse mē that I herde of or knewe And therfore of hym specially and of thes men I tooke the learnyng that I haue tauchte and purpose to lyue there after if god will to my lyues ende For though some of thes men be contrary to the learnyng that they taucht before I wote well that their learning was trewe wich they tauchte ād therfore with the helpe of god I purpose to holde and to vse the learning wich I harde of thē while they sat on Moyses chaire and specially while that they sat on the chaire of Criste But after the werkis that they now do I will not doo with goddis helpe For they feyne and hyde ād cōtrarie the trewthe wich before they taucht out plenily and trewly For as I know well when some of thes men hathe ben blamyd for their sclaunderous doyng they graūte not that they haue tauchte a misse or crryd beforetyme but that they were constreinyd by peine to leaue to tell out the sothe and thus they choese now rather to blaspheme god than to suffer awhile here persecucion bodely for sothefastnesse that Christe shed out his harte bloode for And the Archebisshop seid That learnyng that thou callist trewthe and sothefastnesse is open sclaunder to holy chirche as it is prouyd of holy chirche For all be it that Wicleff your autour was a great clerke though that many men helde hym a perfite lyuer yet his doctrine is not approuyd of holy cherche but many sentencis of his learnyng ar dāpnyd as they well woorthy ar But as touching Philip of Rāpeton that was first chanone and after Abbot of Lacester which is now bisshop of Lincoln I tell the that the daye is comen for wich he fastyd the euene For nother he holdeth now nor will holdethe learnyng that he thaughte whan he was a Chanon of Lacester For no bisshop of this lāde persewith now more sharpely them that holde thy waye than he doeth And I seid Syr full many men and women wonderith vpon hym and speakith hym mekill shame and holdith him for a cursid enemye of the treuthe And the Archebisshop seid to me Wherfore tarieste thou me thus here with soche fables wilt thou shortely as I haue seid to the submit the to me or no And I seid Syr I tell you at one worde I dare not for the drede of god submitt me to you after the tenour and sentēce that ye haue aboue rehersed to me And than as if he hadde ben wrothe he seid to one of his clerkis Fetche hider quikely the certificaciō that came to me fro Shrewisbury vnder the bailiues seale witnessing the errours heresies which this losell hath venemously sowen there Than hastely the Clerke tooke out and leid forthe on a cupborde diuerse rollis and writingis among which ther was a litle one which the clerke deliuered to the Archebisshop And by by the Archebisshop redde this rolle cōteinyng this sentence ¶ The thyrde sonday after easter the yere of oure lorde M. CCCC and seuen William Thorpe came vnto the towne of Shrewisbury and thorow leaue graunted vnto him to preache He said openly in seynt Chaddis chirche in his sermone that the Sacramēt of the altare after the consecracion was materiall brede And the ymages shulde in no wise be worshiped And that men shulde not go on pilgremages And that priestes haue no title to tythes And that it is not lefull for to swere in any wise And whan the Archebishop had red thus thys rolle he rolled it vp ageyn and said to me Ys this holsome learnynge to be amonge the people And I said to him Syr I am both ashamed on their behalfe and right soroufull for thē that haue certified you thes thinges thus vntrewly for I preached neuer nor taughte thus priuely nor apertly And the Archebishop said to me I will gyue credence to thes worshipfull men which haue writen to me and witnessed vnder their sealis there amonge them Though thou now deniest this wenist thou that I will geue credence to the Thou losell hast trobled the worshipful cominalte of Shrewisbury so that the bailives and cominalte of that towne haue writen to me praynge me that am Archebishop of Caunterbury primate and Chaunceler of Englond that I will vouchsafe to graunte them that yf thou shalt be made as thou art worthy to suffer open Iouresse for thyne heresyes that thou maye haue thi youresse openly ther among them so that all they whome thou and soche other loselles haue ther peruerted may thorow feare of thy dede be reconsyled ageyn to the vnite of holy chyrche And also they that stande in true faythe of holy churche may thorowe thy dede be more stablisshed therein And as yf thys askyng hadde pleased the Archebishop he said By my thrifte this hartye prayoure and feruente requeste shall be thought on But certeynly nother the prayer of the men of Shrewisbery nor the manassynge of the Archebishoppe made me any thinge a frayde But in rehersyng of this malice and in the hearynge of it my herte greatly reioysed and yet dothe I thanke god for the grace that I than thought and yet thinke shall come to all the chirche of god here thorowe by the speciall mercyfull doynge of the lorde And as hauynge no dreade of the malice of tyrauntes by trustynge stedfastly in the helpe of the lorde with full purpose for to knowlege the sothefastnesse and to stande thereby after my connyng and power I said to the Archebishop Syr yf the truthe of gods worde might now be accepted as it sholde be I doute not to proue by lykely euidence that they that are famed to be out of the faythe of holy church in Shrewisbery in other places also are in the true faith of holy chirche For as their wordes sounde and their workes shewe to mānis iugemēt dreading louyng faithfully god their will their desyre their loue their besinesse are moste sett to dreade to offende god to