Laudabant fortunam meam qui filium haberem tali ingenio praeditum They praised my fortune which had a sonne indued with such a disposition or nature Héere the relatiue qui agréeth not with fortunam that went next before for it is the feminine gender and qui the masculine gender but qui is referred to the person wherof he speaketh namely himselfe of whom he speaketh in the first person ego vnderstood which being the masculine gender the relatiue qui also is in this sentence put in the masculine gender Figuratiue speeches Further it is héere also to be noted that figuratiue spéeches do often cause the relatiue and antecedent to be of diuers genders numbers and persons the which for the hardnes sake we will not cumber yoong wits withall trusting to the helpe of their painfull teachers in this behalfe The case of the relatiue Qu. TO what vse or purpose serue these rules folowing which haue this title set ouer the head of them The case of the relatiue An. To shew what case the relatiue shall be as well when he commeth before the verbe as after the verbe or after anie other part of spéech for although the relatiue be alwaies set before the verbe in respect of his placing yet in order of construction he is often in such sort considered as folowing the verbe or else some other part of spéech whereof he is gouerned Qu. What is your first rule The first rule for the case of the relatiue An. When there commeth no nominatiue case betwéene the relatiue and the verbe the relatiue shall be the nominatiue case vnto the verbe as Miser est qui nummos admiratur Wretched is that person which is in loue with monie The example applied In this example the relatiue qui is the nominatiue case vnto the verbe admiratur bicause there is no other nominatiue case comming before him and the verbe Qu. Rehearse the second rule The second rule An. But when there commeth a nominatiue case betwéen the relatiue and the verbe the relatiue shall be such case as the verbe will haue after him as Foelix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum Happie is he whom other mens harmes do make to beware The example applied Héere this word pericula though in the latin it be set after the verbe yet is it in construing the nominatiue case and to be set before the verbe faciunt betwéene whom and the relatiue quem in construing it doth come and therefore is the relatiue quem the accusatiue case gouerned of the verbe faciunt by the rule of verbs transitiues folowing héere after among the rules for the cases which verbs do gouerne The third rule As the relatiue may be the nominatiue case vnto the verbe so it may be the substantiue vnto the adiectiue that is ioyned with him or commeth next after him as Diuitias amare noli quod omnium est sordidissimum Will not thou loue riches which to do is the most beggerly thing in the world The example applied Héere the relatiue quod being the nominatiue case before the verbe est is also substantiue vnto the adiectiue sordidissimum by this rule And marke that whatsoeuer may be the nominatiue case vnto the verbe or antecedent vnto the relatiue the same also may be the substantiue vnto the adiectiue The fourth rule Nounes interrogatiues and indefinites follow the rule of the relatiue as Quis who vter whether qualis what maner one quantus how great quotus how manie c. And these euermore come before the verbe like as the relatiue doth as Hei mihi qualis erat talis erat qualem nunquam vidi Wo is me what maner of person was he such a one he was the like whereof I neuer saw The example applied In this example the noune interrogatiue qualis is nominatiue case vnto the verbe est bicause there is no other nominatiue case betwéene him and the verbe and so is talis also the noune redditiue or indefinite and qualem is the accusatiue case in construction after the verbe vidi bicause that the nominatiue case ego vnderstood commeth before the verbe for these kind of nounes do follow the rule of the relatiue that is if there come no nominatiue case betwéene them and the verbe then are they the nominatiue case vnto the verbe like as the relatiue is but if there come a nominatiue case betwéen them and the verbe then shall they be such case as the verbe will haue after him like as the relatiue must be Qu. Haue you nothing else to say concerning these kinde of nounes A rule for nounes interrogatiues and indefinites An. As the relatiue agréeth in gender number and person with his antecedent the which for the most part goeth before the relatiue so these nounes do alwaies agrée with the worde that foloweth after them as quot homines tot sententiae So many men so many minds where in the first place quot agréeeth with homines following after him and in the second place tot is the same case gender and number that his substantiue sententiae which followeth after him is of An obiection against this rule Qu. What say you then vnto this sentence of the poet Horace Mammaeque putres equina quales vbera And rotten brests such as are the vdders of a mare Where you sée this noune quales to be the feminine gender with the former substantiue mammae and not the neuter gender with the latter substantiue vbera Answer An. This saying of Horace is to be noted of yoong schollers but not to be followed for he should rather haue said qualia than quales making it to agrée with vbera the substantiue following according to the rule Qu. What is the next rule of relatiues The fift rule of relatiues An. Yet héere is to be vnderstanded and noted that the relatiue is not alwaies gouerned of the verbe that he commeth before but somtime of the infinitiue moode that commeth after the verbe as Quibus voluisti me gratias agere egi What persons thou willedst me to thanke I haue thanked The example applied In this sentence the relatiue quibus is not gouerned of the verbe voluisti before whom he commeth but of the infinitiue moode agere comming after the verbe voluisti and it is the datiue case by a rule of verbs gouerning a datiue case which rule followeth in his due place The sixt rule The example applied yet Quibus rather indeed agreeth with rebus thā is gouerned of adductus The 7. rule The example applied Somtime of a participle as Quibus rebus adductus fecisti With what things mooued diddest thou it Héere quibus the relatiue is the ablatiue case gouerned of the participle adductus by the rule of participles gouerning such case as the verbe they come of Somtime of the gerund as Quae nunc non est narrandi locus Which things at this present it is no time to
this place the signe of the verbe come Qu. How shall I know the signe of the verbe from the verb it selfe How the signe of the verbe is to be knowen from the verb it selfe An. That is well asked of you bicause it is not expressed in the Accidence and yet may be some trouble vnto a yoong beginner Qu. Let me sée then what you can answer vnto this questiō An. There be diuers words in English the which sometimes are signes of a verbe and somtimes they are verbs themselues Qu. Which be they Words that somtimes are signes of the verbe and somtimes verbs themselues and when they be so or not so An. These among the rest Do doest doth did diddest haue hast hath had haddest shall shalt will wilt may can might would should ought oughtest am art are was wast bin be and such like the which being set before other verbs are but signes of the verbe and somtimes are tokens of the tense of the verbe and somtimes are tokens of the voice of the verbe as namely whether he be actiue passiue or neuter And sometimes they are verbs themselues and that for the most part being set alone Qu. Giue me one or two examples of this and so shall I know that you vnderstand what you say An. When I say in English I do loue thou doest loue he doth loue c. these words do doest doth are signes of the verbe loue and tokens of the present tense But in these sayings I do thou doest he doth these words do doest doth are verbes themselues and the like is to be said of all the rest for the most part Qu. Are there no more exceptions causing the nominatiue case to be set after the verbe An. Yes there are two other Qu. Rehearse them The second exception altering the place of the nominatiue case An. If the verbe be of the imperatiue moode the nominatiue case shall be set after the verbe or after the signe of the verbe as Ama tu loue thou where the nominatiue case tu thou is set after the verbe ama loue Amato ille let him loue in which example the nominatiue case ille in Latin is set after the verbe amato and in English after this word let being the signe of the imperatiue moode before the verbe loue Qu. What is the third exception The third exception altering the place of the nominatiue case An. Sometime when this signe it or there commeth before the English of the verbe the nominatiue case shall be set after the verbe as Est liber meus It is my booke where this word liber booke is set after the verbe est is bicause this signe it is placed before the verbe Againe Venit ad me quidam There came one vnto me in which example quidam one is set after the verbe venit came bicause this signe there commeth before it Words placed one way in Latin and another way in construing the same into English Further it is to be noted that oftentimes in Latin the nominatiue case for elegancie sake is set after the verbe with a far better grace than it could be set before the verbe the which notwithstanding in construing of the same into English is to be set before the verbe Qu. You haue said that the word the which in construing commeth before the verbe is the nominatiue case and that his most vsuall place is to be set before the verbe but what case shall that word be the which in Latin making and in construing commeth next after the verbe The vsual place of the accusatiue case An. If it be a casuall word that is such a word as is declined with case and answereth to this question whom or what made by the verbe it shall commonly be the accusatiue case vnles the verbe do require some other case to be gouerned withall as Deum cole Worship God Aske this question whom or what saying Worship whom you answer God which héereby you know to be the accusatiue case Qu. Yea but you said me thought Deum cole where the word Deum which you say signifieth God and is also the accusatiue case the which should follow the verbe is placed notwithstanding as you sée before the verbe Note An. Albeit that in the words as they ly in Latin Deum be set before the verbe cole yet in construing it commeth after the verbe as cole worship thou Deum God And héere you must marke that like as many times in Latin as it was said immediately before the nominatiue case is set after the verbe and yet in construing is to be placed before the verbe so contrarywise the accusatiue case is often in Latin set before the verbe when as notwithstanding in construing it must be placed after the verbe Qu. Now recite the example of your booke where the word following the verbe is not the accusatiue case but is put in some other case and shew me withall the reason of the same An. Si cupis placere magistro vtere diligentia nec sis tantus cessator vt calcaribus indigeas If thou couet to please the master vse diligence and be not so slacke or so great a sluggard that thou shalt need spurres Please Whom The master Vse What diligēce Need What spurs In this example there be thrée seuerall casuall words following thrée seuerall verbs and answering to the question whom or what to be made by the verbe as placere magistro please the master vtere diligentia vse diligence calcaribus indigeas need spurres and yet neither of them are the accusatiue case but magistro the datiue case bicause placere will haue a datiue case diligentia the ablatiue case bicause vtere will haue an ablatiue case calcaribus also the ablatiue case bicause the verbe indigeas doth gouerne an ablatiue case by such rules as follow héerafter And the like is to be answered for other casuall words in this maner following after verbs and yet being not put in the accusatiue but in some other cases The first Concord The first concord Qu. THese things in your Accidence are set downe as necessarie points generally to be knowen before you come vnto the concords the which being after this plaine and easie maner run ouer tell me now which is the first concord Betweene the nominatiue case and the verbe They agree An. The first concord is betwéene the verbe personall and his nominatiue case Qu. In how many things doth a verbe personall and his nominatiue case agrée In number and person An. They agrée in these two things that is in number and person Qu. In this maner of speaking what meane you by this word Agrée What is meant by this word Agree in the rules of the three concords An. Where my rule saith that A verbe personall agréeth with his nominatiue case in number and person the meaning is that looke what number and person the nominatiue case is of the same number and
construing doth come next after them to be put in the accusatiue case Qu. You meane then that the word which requireth such or such a case after him is said to gouerne and that the worde put in this or that case after an other word going before it is said to be gouerned An. That is my meaning so that when I say in latine Amor dei The loue of God this first substantiue amor is saide to gouerne and the seconde substantiue dei being the genitiue case after amor the former is saide to be gouerned of amor Qu. This is plaine inough for all the rest of like sort Now séeing in this whole treatise as well that which hath gone before as this also which commeth héere after we deale with construction shew me briefely what construction is and what it is constre for the little petits are peraduenture to séeke in this Construction An. Construction is the due and orderly ioining and knitting of the parts of spéech togither according vnto the right order of grammar To constre And to constre is to set the words in due or right frame as they ought to go before or to follow the one the other when you turne latin into english for taking this pains for yoong beginners we wil content our selues with latin onely so that it be placed first that ought in construing to haue the first place and that second the which is to be set in the second place and so of the rest wherof some thing hath béen spoken at the beginning Qu. Now then folowing the order of your Accidence we will first begin with the construction of nounes substantiues declaring what cases they will gouerne or haue after them in construction Tell me therefore how many cases a noune substantiue may gouerne An. A noune substantiue may gouerne thrée cases that is a genitiue a genitiue or an ablatiue and an ablatiue case alone Qu. What is your rule for a substantiue gouerning a genitiue case The first rule of substantiues An. When two substantiues come togither betokening diuers things the latter shall be the genitiue case as Facundia Ciceronis The eloquence of Cicero Opus Vergilij the work of Virgil. Amator studiorum a louer of studies Dogma Platonis the opinion of Plato Qu. Applie the examples of this rule to declare the meaning of the same The examples applied Facundia Ciceronis héere are two substantiues betokening diuers things and therefore the latter substantiue Ciceronis is the genitiue case gouerned of the former Facundia by this rule The second example Opus Vergilij In this example opus and Vergilij two substantiues comming togither and betokening diuers things Vergilij the latter of them is the genitiue case gouerned of opus the former by this rule The third example Amator studiorum Héere are two substantiues amator and studiorum comming togither and betokening diuers things wherefore studiorum the latter substantiue is put in the genitiue case being gouerned of amator the former by this rule The fourth example Dogma Platonis In this example these two substantiues dogma and Platonis do come togither and do betoken diuers things wherefore Platonis the latter of them is put in the genitiue case being gouerned of dogma the former by this rule Qu. But what if the two substantiues comming togither do appertaine both vnto one thing An. Then they shall be put both in one case by the rule folowing which is this An exception But if they belong both vnto one thing they shal be put both in one case as Pater meus vir amat me puerum My father being a man loueth me a childe The example applied Sometime the latter of these substantiues is put also in the genitiue case In the first branch of this sentence there are two substantiues pater and vir comming togither and bicause they do belong both vnto one thing therefore are they put both in one case that is vir the latter substantiue is the nominatiue with pater the former substantiue And so likewise in the latter part of this same sentence there are other two substantiues me and puerum comming togither and bicause they also do appertaine both to one thing they are put both in one case so that puerum the latter substantiue is put in the accusatiue case with me the former by this exception Qu. What haue you further to note concerning this first rule An other profitable note An. Somtime the former of the two substantiues comming togither and being referred vnto diuers things and the which should cause the latter subsantiue to be put in the genitiue case is not expressely set downe but vnderstood as Vbi ad Dianae veneris When you come vnto the temple of Diana Héer is only the latter substantiue Dianae the genitiue case expresly set downe and the former substantiue Templum which causeth it to be put in the genitiue case is vnderstood whereof in authors you shall find many more such like examples Obiection Qu. But somtime you shall haue an adiectiue in the neuter gender to gouerne a substantiue after him in the genitiue case Answer How an adiectiue put alone in the neuter gender may haue a genitiue case An. When this commeth to passe then is the same adiectiue said to be put absolutely that is by himselfe alone hauing no substantiue to agrée with and being thus put he looseth the nature of an adiectiue and is taken for a substantiue causing the other substantiue following to be put in the genitiue case as if he himselfe were a substantiue by this rule The rule for an adiectiue put alone in the neuter gender An adiectiue in the neuter gender put alone without a substantiue standeth for a substantiue and may haue a genitiue case after him as if he were a substantiue as Multum lucri Much gaines Quantum negotij How much busines Id operis That worke Qu. How apply you these examples vnto the rule The first example applied An. Multum lucri In this example the adiectiue Multum of the neuter gender being set alone without a substantiue to agrée with causeth the substantiue lucri to be the genitiue case as if he himselfe were also a substantiue The second example applied Quantum negotij In this second example the adiectiue quantum being set alone in the neuter gender without any substantiue wherewith he may agrée doth stand for a substantiue and causeth the substantiue negotij following after him to be put in the genitiue case as if quantum it selfe had béen a substantiue The third example applied Id operis In this third example the adiectiue id is set alone in the neuter gender without a substantiue to agrée with and therefore doth he cause the substantiue operis comming after him to be put in the genitiue case as if he were a substantiue Obiection Qu. Wherefore do you say in all these
preposition ab by this rule The second rule Adiectiues will haue an ablatiue case signifieng the cause of a thing as Liuida armis brachia Armes blacke and blew with weapons where the adiectiue liuida gouerneth the word armis in the ablatiue case signifieng the cause of the same by this rule The third rule Adiectiues will haue an ablatiue case signifieng the forme or maner of a thing as Facies miris modis pallida a face pale after a maruellous maner In this example the adiectiue pallida hath modis an ablatiue case after him signifieng the maner of the palenes by this rule Adiectiues gouerning an ablatiue case or a genitiue case Adiectiues with an ablatiue or genitiue case ADiectiues signifieng fulnes emptines plenty or wanting require an ablatiue case and somtimes a genitiue as copijs abundans abounding in riches crura thymo plenae bees hauing their thighes full of thyme vacuus ira irae ab ira void of anger Nulla epistola inanis re aliqua No epistle without some matter Ditissimus agri most rich in land Stultorum plena sunt omnia all places are full of fooles Quis nisi mentis inops oblatum respuat aurum Who except he be void of wit will refuse gold offered him Integer vitae scelerisque purus non eget Mauri iaculis nec arcu He that is innocent of life and cleere of wickednes needeth neither the darts nor bow of the Moore Expers omnium void of all thiags Corpus inane animae a body without a soule Qu. Bicause the many examples of this rule mingled togither do cause the same to be long and darke for the yoonger sort diuide the examples of the same into their seuerall heads by themselues The examples of this rule of two sorts An. The examples of this rule are of two forts the one of adiectiues with an ablatiue case according to this rule and the other of adiectiues with a genitiue case by the same rule Qu. How many are the examples of adiectiues of this rule with an ablatiue case The examples of the first branch applied An. They are in number fower whereof the first is copijs abundans in which example the adiectiue abundans signifieng plentie doth gouerne the substantiue copijs in the ablatiue case by this rule In the second example crura thymo plenae the adiectiue plenae betokening fulnes doth gouerne the substantiue thymo in the ablatiue case by this rule Vacuus ira irae ab ira In this example vacuus the adiectiue signifieng emptines doth gouern ira the substantiue in the ablatiue case by this rule so like wise he may be construed with agenitiue case saying vacuus irae by the same rule and moreouer he may haue an ablatiue case with a preposition as vacuus ab ira In the fourth example Nulla epistola inanis re aliqua the adiectiue inanis signifieng emptines doth gouerne the substantiue re in the ablatiue case by this rule Qu. How many examples are there of adiectiues by this rule gouerning a genitiue case The examples of the second braunch of the former rule applied An. There be sixe whereof the first is Ditissimus agri in which example the adiectiue ditissimus betokening plentie doth gouerne the substantiue agri in the genitiue case by this rule In the second example Stultorum plena sunt omnia the adiectiue plena signifieng fulnes causeth stultorum to be the genitiue case by this rule In the third example Quis nisi mentis inops c. the adiectiue inops betokening wanting doth gouerne the substantiue mentis in the genitiue case by this rule In the fourth example Integer vitae scelerisque purus c. the adiectiue integer betokening wanting doth gouerne vitae in the genitiue case and the adiectiue purus likewise signifieng wanting doth gouerne the substantiue sceleris in the genitiue case by this rule In the fift example Expers omnium the adiectiue expers signifieng emptines doth gouerne omnium in the genitiue case by this rule In the sixt example Corpus inane animae the adiectiue inane betokening wanting gouerneth the substantiue animae in the genitiue case by this rule Construction of certaine Pronounes and how they are gouerned Mei tui sui nostri vestri THese genitiue cases of the primitiues Mei tui sui nostri and vestri be vsed when the passion or suffering is signified as Pars tui Part of thee Amor mei The loue of me But when possession of a thing is signified Meus tuus suus noster and vester be vsed as Ars tua thine art Imago tua thine image The examples applied Pars tui in this example the genitiue case tui of the primitiue Tu signifieng suffering is put after the substantiue pars by this rule Amor mei in this example the genitiue case mei of the primitiue ego betokening suffering is put after the substantiue amor by this rule Ars tua héere bicause possession of a thing is signified the possessiue pronoune tua is ioined with ars and not tui the genitiue of the primitiue tu by this rule Imago tua in this example likewise the possessiue pronoune tua is vsed with the substantiue imago and not the genitiue tui of the primitiue tu bicause possession of a thing is signified by this rule An admonition For the better vnderstanding of this rule the which in déed is too hard for yoong beginners let the learned master teach thē when the genitiue case is taken actiuely when passiuely when possessiuely whereof let the schollers of more learning read Despauterius in his rule of Mei tui sui nostri and vestri Nostrum vestrum These genitiue cases Nostrum vestrum be vsed after distributiues comparatiues partitiues and superlatiues as Aliquis nostrum Some of vs. Maior vestrum The greater of you Maximus natu nostrum The elders of vs. The examples applied In the first example Aliquis nostrum the genitiue case nostrum is vsed after the distributiue aliquis by this rule Maior vestrum in this place the genitiue case vestrum is vsed after the comparatiue maior by this rule In the third example Maximus natu nostrum the genitiue case nostrum is vsed after the superlatiue degrée maximus by this rule An other rule borowed from the latin Grammar Also these possessiues Meus tuus suus noster and vester haue after them sometimes these genitiue cases Ipsius solius vnius duorum trium omnium plurium paucorum cuiusque and sometimes the genitiue case of a participle Construction of verbes or what cases verbes do gouerne and first of verbes gouerning a nominatiue case Verbes with a nominatiue case after them SVm I am Forem I were fio I am made existo I am and certaine verbes passiues as dicor I am said or called vocor I am called salutor I am saluted appellor I am named habeor I am counted existimor I