his present use When the Joiner having used sufficient Art and care cannot make a joint When some little thing is so forgot in setting together a Watch or Clock that when all was supposed to be ended it must be taken apieces again When such a snarl is made in a skean of Silk or Thred that the thred must be broken men are apt to frett at higher causes than themselves which they vulgarly call Luck or Fortune really no where extant And when Cyrus as Herodotus writes in a furie laid Gyndes a River in Armenia dry by cutting three hundred and sixty Rivolets out of it because one of his white Naggs dedicated to the Sun was drowned in it could not be so stupid to think that the River merited that punishment but shewed his rage against that because it could not reach higher causes how much wiser man had he been if he had put a stop to the torrent of his Passion which is much more the wisedome and Piety of a Good Christian whome God suffereth many times to be provoked that the prevalence of true Grace may be seen in mastering himselfe and sometimes suffereth to become fretfull waspish and ready to sting him that stands next him upon either no fault but his own or verie frivolous and so if any hath offended him in such manner he punishes the innocent for it making such as converse with him to feel the effects of his imbitter'd Spirit than which there needs no cleerer argument to convince any ingenuous minde of his excesse it being but tolerable to be in Passion where the cause is given and not so to extend the same to the faultlesse This therefore all Reason and Religion requires to be corrected by the conscientious Christian SECT XIII Of the Deadly Sin of Envie its nature and Remedies 1. NEither will I goe with consuming Envie for such a man shall have no fellowship with Wisdome saith Wisdome For that likewise is a proper bratt of the Evill Spirit who since his degradation and fall cannot love nor wish well to any because he can hope for no good to himselfe Gods Kingdom is a Kingdome of order peace quietnesse love charity long-suffering gentlenesse goodnesse faith meekenesse temperance called allso the fruits of Gods Spirit by St. Paul Galat. 5. 22 23. because they spring from the seed of Grace sown in the heart by it But the Kingdome of the Devill is a Tyrannie of Adulteries Fornication Uncleannesse Lasciviousnesse Wrath Strifes Seditions Heresies Envyings Murders Drunkennesse Revilings and such like as the same Apostle speaks just before And as if Envie Hatred and Malice all of a knot and fraternity descended from the Common Father the Devil and differing rather in degree and duration than nature conspired with Anger and wrath to their mutuall advantage St. Paul Ephes 4. 21. ranks them together in this advice Let all bitternesse and wrath and anger and clamour and evill speaking be put away with all malice And again to the Colossians Chap. 3. 8. But now ye allsoe put off all these Anger Wrath Malice Blasphemie And in that he writeth to Titus Chap. 3. 3. of all the Lusts charged upon men in the state of Gentilisme he instanceth more specially in Malice and Envie whereby men are hatefull to and hating one another For where these Vices abound the Soule may be câ—mpared to those Cities which we read were by the Invader and taker sown with Salt rendring the Soil burnt and barren to all wholesome fruits and fertill to all unwholesome and pernicious weeds 2. For how nerely doth he resemble the Devill himselfe whoe becomes pale thin cloudie frowning of an averse countenance outward fretts boils and burns inwardly at the prosperitie ingenuity dexterity in actions dignitie and wealth of others exceeding him having an evill eye because Gods is good spitefull against the Donour who preferred not him against the gift as ill-placed out of him against the Person possessing it as standing in his light and usurping what he adjudges due to none so justly as himselfe And the expostulation against Providence it selfe lies higher than that cursed by the Apostle and Prophet which demandeth of the Potter and Creatour Why hast thou made me thus For the envious Person demands rather of God Why hast thou not made me so or so And why hast thou made such an one so and not thus Thus Cains countenance fell when he saw his younger Brother better accepted than himselfe of God. And then lift he up his hand against him and slew him And wherefore saith Saint John slew he him Because his workes were evill and his Brothers good And because Gods favour was greater towards him than to Cain Monstrous impietie But not there only resting as it were to be wished but imitated and acted over again in two Brothes of a wealthy and noble Familie in this Age and Nation whereof one judging himselfe undervalued in comparison of the other killed him right out and suffered the just penalty of the Common Law. This was much the same case with that malicious part played upon Joseph by his Brethren because he was clad a little finer than they and was supposed to be loved best 3. So that no place can be said to be free from this Evill Spirit of Envie which is wont to creep into the low Cottage and stir up sillie Creatures to a combination with the Devill himselfe to wreak their otherwise weak spite against their envied Neighbour And in Courts it reigns most powerfully every one allmost contending for the highest Seat and greatest favour and place so that restlesse is the ambitious and envious Spirit till it hath defeated by fine plottings and devices such as by this Vice are accounted their Enemies So that when their counsell is slighted concerning Publick affairs and that of others preferred to convince the world of the imprudence of his Competitour or Adversarie little or no conscience is made of rendring it improsperous though with the perill of the whole Commonwealth that so for the future such a mans wisdome might be blasted and his flourish and be admired This was seen notoriously in the emulation between Hanno and Hannibal he envying the glorie and successe of this in Councill constantly advised and contrived what might crush him rather than advance the good of his Countrey whereby at length he was the ruine of both So that a King may not without double securitie of integritie and such generousnesse of minde as can master Malice and Envie ever follow the advice of that Counsellour in the managing a designe who hath directly before opposed the same For such is the pride of mens heart that they hate to build sincerely and faithfully upon that foundation they at first rejected but tacitely if not openly triumph at the miscarriages of others Projects how reasonable and profitable soever they might have been in themselves though of an unhappie event because their will and wisdome consented not to them 4. Neither can Justice in
cause to burne with the love of God. Why therefore may I not call such as these Seraphims whose hearts are converted into fire shining and burning and withall illuminating the eyes of mens mindes unto heavenly things and pricking them with tears purge away the rust of Vices This in sum may be said to be the more perfect state of the Soule here united unto God of which we are now more particularly to treat SECT II. That this Vnion consisteth chiefly in true knowledge of God and Love experimentall and reciprocall 1. THEY who write Scholastically of this Union of the Soule with God in their Treatises of Mysticall Theologie doe first speak of it in the Speculative way endeavouring to show the difference between it and common Theologie and in what part of the minde this Science is seated and such like which we purposely here omitt And some more phanatically having learned from Saint Paul Ephes 5. That Christ is the Husband of the Church and consequently that there is a Mysticall Wedlock between it and every true particular member of that and Christ pursue the Allegorie so boldly and indiscreetly as to prophane that holy Mysterie by carnall resemblances and Scholies which we shall avoid It sufficing that as Saint Paul there saith Great is the Mysterie and that great Mysteries are not too curiously to be enquired into but believed firmly with endeavours to attain the same which endeavours must be grounded upon the proper meanes conducing thereunto which most of all deserve here to be explained 2. Of these then the present knowledge of God according to humane capacitie must needs be the first step and that not a knowledge of humane Science but rather of Christian faith and experience which St. Paul 2 Corinth 2. 14. most aptly and significantly calleth the savour of the knowledge of God not onely informing but affecting us as it were sensibly or experimentally 3. Upon this good beginning is built the desire of God as of the most excellent glorious and good object of all that being fullfilled which Isaiah hath Chap. 26. 8. Yea in the way of thy judgements O Lord have we waited for thee the desire of our Soule is to thy Name and to the Remembrance of thee For in trueth God is in himselfe the most desireable of all things as he is the chiefest good of all things and of whose fullnesse in that kinde all things that are good doe partake and become good So that as it is impossible any thing should be form'd really good but what is really and more perfectly such in him so can we desire nothing but what is most absolutely and perfectly to be had in and with him So that according to the illumination of the understanding concerning God and things Divine will follow an appetite of the will affected therewith For naturall Philosophie teaches truely than man hath not Free-will in choosing that which is chiefest Good and ultimate of all but without consultation or deliberation ravished with its allsufficiencie and plenitude tendeth naturally and necessarily to it as the last end of all beyond which there is no passing and besides it there is no straying as being immense So that we may suppose Lucifer himselfe excelling naturally in perspicacitie and intuitive knowledge which he had of that absolute Good was so far surprised with its splendour and perfection that contenting not himselfe to be neer contemplate and enjoy it affected to be that it selfe by sacrilegious ambition and so lost what really he had and was So that we may perceive a necessarie conjunction between cleer and firme knowledge and sincere and fervent love as there is a Morall as they call it necessity of conjunction between Love and the thing we so loved 4. Under Love which is the very Unitive Bond of Christ and the Soule we comprehend Desire allso which some make one kinde of Love and Complacencie another But Complacencie being rather a Concomitant of Love possessed of its Object than any actuall appetite may more properly be termed a satiation and rest of the Soule But Love is an act or motion towards somewhat not fully at least enjoyed And though there may be a full fruition the heart of man ceases not to love or desire in some sense as when that actually and at present enjoyed is desired as absent and in the continuation for time to come For as no man according to the Philosophie of Saint Paul hopeth for what he hath so neither doth he desire what he hath but the desire remaining after possession is of the perpetuation and indeficiencie of the same As when Peter and John at the Transfiguration of Christ beholding and admiring the Glorie did desire Tabernacles to be erected in which they might rest further in the blessed state they were then in So much more full then as our knowledge is of God and his Excellencies in Christ so much more ardent will be and so much better settled our love of them and consequently our union more intimate and fixed in them answerable to which the Schoolmen as well as Mysticall Divines have found out four degrees of Love divine Thom. 1. 2. qu. 28. a. 5. Co. Liquefaction Fruition Languor and Fervour which I hold not fit to be here insisted upon as being more admirable than profitable A more moderne Authour and more truely and devoutly reduceth all love of God to these three Heads whereof the first cometh onely through Faith without gracious imaginations or spirituall Knowledge of God which is in the least Soule reformed by Faith and in the lowest degree of Charity which is good as sufficing to salvation The second is that which a Soule feeleth through faith and imagination of Jesus in his Manhood which is better than the former when the Imagination is stirred by Grace For then the spirituall Eye is opened in beholding of his Humanitie The third is Love that a Soule feeleth through spirituall sight of the Godhead in the Humanity as it may be seen here is the best and most worthy and that is perfect love This love a Soule feeleth not till it be reformed in feeling Thus that Authour in the Scale of Perfection 5. But I esteem that more usefull and easie distinction of Love or Union with God alltogether sufficient for all purposes requisite to a good Christian For either we love because by Faith we know and see spiritually things lovely or desireable as God in his Perfections and Christ in his Mediation active and passive and the holy Spirit in its operations Divine Or we love because we finde and feel the power of all these in the inward-man by the sense of the Love of God first in such sort manifested unto us For as Saint Austine Epist 106. hath it answerable to the grounds laid by Saint John 1 Epist 4. 19. Faith which worketh by love would not work at all unlesse the very Love of God be first shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Spirit which is given
corrupt or sound principles of Reason and Faith and the sober affections of the heart purified by Faith. For untill the Spirit of Sanctification and mortification and renovation hath wrought our corrupt nature to a blessed and thorow change little may be expected from us outwardly either acceptable to God who looks more upon the manner and forme of the Deed than the Deed it selfe or profitable to our selves For to continue a little farther our similitude as we see men having bad Watches will with their Finger or Thumb place the Hand aright to give some credit to them which presently according to their ill frame returne to their wonted errour So Hypocrites to appear fair and good to men push themselves on sometimes to regular and laudable acts and sometimes restrain and set back their rank course of sin for some imperfect if not evill end but soon relapse to their accustomed excesses for want of the principle of holinesse and a constitution heavenly inclined the only true Spring of good and laudable actions 5. Again The inward man may well be compared to the Market-place of a strong Citie The Enemie may surprise or by some suddain violence may possesse himselfe of the out-workes and yet be repelled again and the Citie stand firme and safe and faithfull to its Soveraign but if the Enemie once possesses himselfe of the Market-place there is no hopes of standing true to the Owner or withstanding the Adversarie So is it with them who have suffered the Legions of foul Spirits to enter into their hearts and there to nestle and triumph All attempts are but feeble and insufficient to exhibit just and reasonable service to God. For no sooner doe some good inclinations arise no sooner doe we offer at good but a partie of vain thoughts dishonest motions are sent forth to suppresse all good but weak purposes of returning to our allegiance to God and the doing of his Will. Great circumspection therefore must be used strong resolutions must be taken and many difficulties of hunger thirst and hot service must first be passed through before our Redemption draweth nigh and we be restored to the Masterie of our selves and the ministrie we owe to God. 6. But adde hereunto fourthly a more intrinsick argument to the stirring us up to the cleansing our hearts the great benefit redounding to a mans selfe who shall so acquitt himselfe For however this conflict with the powers of flesh and blood and this Conquest is very difficult and tedious and therefore is called in Scripture Mortification and crucifying the Old man with the affections and lusts yet the work once done and the victory obtained brings wonderfull ease quiet satisfaction and cheerfulnesse unto the Spirit rendering it much more expedite and lightsome than it was before strugling against a contrarie Principle which evermore clogged it obstructed and either wholly impeded or grievously retarded the performance of Divine Services For men being scarce able to extinguish the cleer notice of a Deity in them and little lesse able to deny wholly such a service as is due to God doe with an unwilling will divers times submit to Religious acts but wearisome and tedious are they to them through the prevalencie of unsubdued lusts which by this necessary Discipline being master'd and expelled a great change is made in the Soule and then with lightnesse and readinesse is that done which before was irksome and grievous As David himselfe found it in himselfe when he said Psal 119. 32. I will run the way of thy Commandements when thou hast set my heart at liberty And then are our hearts at liberty when the Bond-servant Hagar with her off-spring which would domineer are cast out Then are we free indeed when the Son shall make us free then doth the Son make us free when he delivers us fo far as St. Peter speaks 2 Epist 1. 4. as by a Divine nature given unto us we escape the corruption that is in the world through lust Then shall we not fear the Law of the Land constraining us to Gods service more than God then shall we not shrinke and murmure at Fasting-dayes nor repine when on dayes of publique Thanksgiving to him that is glorious in all his Saints it is expected we should suspend and intermitt our lawfull labours and wholly cut off and denie our unlawfull pleasures We shall not need then as Beasts under the Leviticall Law one or more to drive us to the House of God nor drag us with violence to the Altar of God to offer an holy living and acceptable sacrifice to him which is our reasonable service But with Davids Spirit we shall say I was glad when they said unto me Let us goe up unto the House of the Lord. And how much better is it we should doe a thing with Alacritie and great content than with constraint But this we may doe if we can but free our selves from that load of corruption we are apt to lye under And what effect in this kinde and progresse a man hath made in himselfe may be competently discerned from the sense a man hath in himselfe of the fear of God and love to his service and worship which though the most pure and perfect in this life is not without some tepiditie of spirit sometimes yet the seed of God sown in the heart will generally spring up with gladnesse 7. This therefore should be our great and chiefe endeavour which is the Counsell of Solomon Prov. 4. 23. Keep thy heart with all diligence for out of it are the issues of life And if as Solomon saith Prov. Chap. 18. 21. Death and life are in the power of the tongue much more true is it that both of them are in the power of the Heart as it stands affected or disaffected to God seeing the Poison or Balsome which distilleth from the Tongue is originally owing to the Heart as the Heart doth comprehensively signifie the entire bodie of affections which must be dedicated to God. But given to God it cannot be without a mock or derision but as it is whole and sound clear and clean according to the ballance of the Sanctuarie of the Gospell which consists much of Christian Equitie We never heard of any that liv'd a life of nature with halfe an heart only neither of any that was sick on one side of his heart and well on the other no more is it possible to please God with one part of our heart and to please the world with the other or at the same time to live the life of this sinfull world and of Christ My son saith God give me thy heart and not a piece of it for that must needs be dead flesh odious to man and much more to God. SECT IV. Of the proper Means and Methode of cleansing the Soule and first of Baptisme 1. SUCH is the contagion of sin naturally infecting the very Soule as inheriting our Forefathers corruption that being in love with it as all men love
must only be owing to such divine Revelations Before we speak of which particularly we shall in the next place give some account of the three main branches of our present Methode SECT II. A brief description of the Illuminative Purgative and Vnitive way in Religion 1. THE seeds of Religion being sown in the heart by God himselfe and some smaller and dimmer strictures cast into man by the same hand directing man to God it is the duty of every one to improve the same by orderly progressions to the measure of the stature of Christ as the Apostle speaks Ephes 4. To this end Antiquity not without competent grounds in Holy Scripture hath pitched upon three more considerable states of a Christian and ascents of the Soul towards God by Religion though not absolute yet necessary to Salvation For Saint Johns words 1 Epist 12 13 14. seem to tend to this distinguishing little Children Young Men and Old Men or Beginners Proficients and Perfect not so absolute as God may not finde fault with yet so as before man they may be irreprehensible and allowable by God according to the scantlings and infirmities of Flesh and Blood. And agreeable to this Cassian in his Collations with some others have observed that Solomon wrote three Books One for instruction and illumination in wisdome which we commonly call the Book of Proverbs initiating young beginners in the knowledge and fear of God which is there called the beginning of Wisdome and good understanding laying the foundation to eternal Life The other Book of Solomon called Ecclesiastes represents to the eye and understanding the vanities of the world and the pollutions of earthly joyes with a tacite disswasion from the use of them to the dishonour of God which performed introduceth a man to the third and last degree of perfection in this world contemplation of God and divine matters whereby such a sensation of the divine goodness is so far wrought in the Soule that it becometh united more entirely with God which we call the Vnitive way and seems to be figured out to us by that Song of Songs called commonly Solomons And this threefold Cord binding the Soule to God seemeth to have some little insinuation made to us from the wisdome of the world the Ancient Pythagoreans teaching three manner of wayes of attaining happinesse Labour and Action about Vertue Meditation conducting to Knowledge of God and Love of God which is the true conjunction of the Soule with God. 2. Such concurrence then there being of divine and humane wisdome to justifie such a partition of Religion no wonder that the reputed Dionysius the Areopagite took hold of such an occasion given to him to commend this tripartite doctrine of the Illuminative Purgative and Unitive way of serving God in which many have imitated him and much and perhaps too far advanced it From whom I take the libertie so far to varie as to make Illumination the foundation and first step to all regular ascent to Godward as proceeding from that faith which is the foundation of all Christian graces For by it we come to have the eyes of our understanding opened and judge our selves and purge our selves and fit our selves for an higher and neerer conjunction with God as will appear more fully hereafter SECT III. Of the necessitie and use of Illumination and of Faith with its subordinate graces properly conducing thereunto 1. FAmous is the distinction of St. Paul of Theologicall Vertues into Faith Hope and Charitie as of them upon which all other Christian duties and vertues are founded and move towards that perfection competible to believers in this life Faith illuminating Hope purging and Charitie or love of God uniting us unto God. For the naturall man is blinde and cannot see afar off as St. Peter teaches us And naturally we all lye polluted in our blood and so naturally are aliens from God and unreconcileable by any other name or meanes but that of Christ Jesus in whome to believe is to know God and our selves For as the Wise man saith Proverbs 19. 2. That the soule should be without knowledge is not good Faith with Christians begetteth knowledge properly divine in Christians being the light and eye both of the soule regenerate So that as it is not possible for the blinde man to work any curious work without the use of his eyes but every act tending that way must be a fault and errour For how can it be expected that any man should sew well that cannot thread his needle so they on whom the light of the Gospell shineth not who are not enlightened The first thing that God produced in creating the world was light not that he absolutely needed it but that the creatures did and to intimate unto us the order of true Regeneration that it must begin with Illumination And therefore God who more immediately of old revealed himselfe to his chosen servants did in following ages set up and fix a light in his Church the written word of God which received by faith should become a constant Guide to our Feet and Lanthorne to our Pathes passing through this dark Vale towards the Mount and true City of God. 2. For without this the Philosophers of this world professing themselves as St. Paul speaks Rom 1. 22. wise became fools erring in the very first step and prime principle of divine knowledge which teaches the only true God they for their part in groping after God changing the glorie of the incorcorruptible God into an Image made like unto corruptible man as St. Paul allso observeth v. 23. which is much the same as to turne the image or very substance of man into God. But when it pleased God that the Day-star should arise in our hearts as St. Peter speaks which is Christ revealed to the world and minds of men and when as St. Paul speaks 2 Corinth 4. 6. God who commanded the light to shine out of darknesse shined in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God in the face of Jesus Christ then did the shadowes of darknesse and ignorance flee away Holy David having foretold of this when he said Psalm 36. In thy light shall we see light So that as Christ saith of himselfe He that gathereth not with me scattereth in like manner may it truly be said Whoso enlighteneth not with by and from him darkeneth as it happened to those subtile and wise disputants Jobs Friends Job 38. who darkened counsell by words without knowledge 3. And too near do they approach to the like errour who darkening of late the doctrine of Faith and the use of it imagine the strong perswasion they have of the goodnesse of God and Grace of Christ sufficient to the great end of light and salvation and that the Instrument whereby they should work is the work it self to be performed by them and such in which a man might acquiesce as having fulfill'd the whole Will of God and thereupon entertain such a perswasion
they presently feel most grievous torments And this I rehearse verily believing that God by his holy Spirit doth elevate some men so extraordinarily as that they exceed humane order in contemplations and sensations heavenly and that evill Spirits may counterfeit notably the same effects in their Servants And hereupon I leave these few Rules to all sober faithfull and devout Christians tending to the discerning of Spirits good and evill 5. First they who pursue the great meanes ordained of God to arrive at the heighth of the Love of God uniting them to God and causing an acquiescence and rest in him so that in effect their reasons and senses naturall inconsisting with such perfection should be lost in God and in Christ and they live in the world undisturbed by it are laudably and safely extaticall 6. Secondly That they who may have surpassed others in the exercise of Christian Vertues and the Unitive Way with God and no wayes aim at such Perfections or desire them as at the best not making the Soule more good but more great rather and not more dear or acceptable to him which should be every prime Christians studie and endeavour may have exaltations of this nature which importunately coveted may provoke God to deliver them over to delusions of evill Spirits 7. Thirdly Seeing counterfeit Ware comes too often under the countenance and resemblance of what is pure and passing good the soundnesse of the faith professed by such is not proved by such excesses but such excesses must be rather judged by the Law and Testimonie of God as Isaiah speakes Chap. 8. upon which Faith is grounded and by which it is directed For no otherwise true is that description of Extasies given by that auncient Authour called Dionysius the Areopagite That Extasies are a wisdome putting a man besides himselfe than that suspension or absorption of naturall knowledge and understanding is occasioned by the dominion of divine Irradiations truely so called So that this excesse of Light and Love must be it selfe subject to tryall and that twofold principally the one taken from the Antecedent and the other from the Consequent Circumstances For if sobernesse of believing and divinenesse of behaving our selves lead not to these Extasies they are spurious and dangerous Again if such transported mindes thereupon fall into unreasonable unjust or ridiculous actions inconsistent with the gravitie and puritie of the divine Presence there supposed it is but reasonable to suspect the Scene to be managed by idle Spirits For Rapts of a Royall stamp are such as Gerson describes An experimentall knowledge of God obtained by a conjunction of spirituall affection Which Unitive and experimentall knowledge may be had without the disorder of the naturall understanding and may allso dissetle it so as to depend for some time wholly upon Gods supportation and transportation and that especially in the estimation of the world and common judgements For thus was Christ judged to be Mark 3. 21. and that by his own Friends besides himselfe and Saint Paul allso by Festus and by some other Believers as may be gathered from 2 Corinth 5. 13. SECT IV. Of the Vnion of the Soule with God by Divine Contemplation and Meditation with some instances of particular Subjects of this latter 1. WHEN Meditation and Contemplation are distinguished as sometimes they are Contemplation may be said to be directed immediately to God and the fixing of the minde and heart on him and from and through him to cast an eye on the Creatures and the various acts of his Providence in which he is seen allso with an Evening Light and Knowledge as he is with a Morning Light as Saint Austin was wont to speak by that immediate Intuition which yet properly is to be attained onely in Heaven But Meditation is the consideration of created things not so much as they are in themselves which is the employment of naturall Philosophers but as they are effects of a Divine and supernaturall Power and designed to the assistance of duller and weaker Eyes which are not able to behold the Glorie of God but as men doe the beauty of the Sun in Water And yet from hence ascent is made to a faithfull and fruitfull apprehension of God himselfe where the Soule mounted as was Peter James and John at the transfiguration of Christ desireth to abide and have its residence for ever 2. But Grace and Goodnesse here being in their minoritie yea and under Tutours and Governours as the Apostle speakes Galat 4. 2. We are not to take possession of the promised and expected Inheritance in this life But the Methode hereunto is this which we finde exemplified in David speaking thus Psalm 17. I will behold thy face in righteousnesse here when I awake I shall be satisfied with thy likenesse For as Saint Paul allso saith 1 Corinth 13. 12. 2 Corinth 3. 18. We all with open face beholding as in a glasse the glorie of the Lord are changed as into the same Image from glorie to glorie even as by the Spirit of the Lord meaning hereby that the Spirit of God concurring with the Glasse of Gods Creatures and his revealed Word gives us a true but a distant and so dimme representation of God as through Perspectives And these to improve to the best degree and advantage is the great businesse of our present state here as whereby we are dayly wrought to a conformity to the Image of Christ and God defaced in us and returne unto his likenesse and a liking of him which two are both Unitive of us to God and actuall Union with him according to our present capacity For it is true in Religion what Philosophie in her Sphere teaches that the Understanding is made all things answerable to its Object the minde of man wonderfully conforming it selfe to such things as are brought unto it by the Ear or Eye and is in a manner figured by them as we see that Water admitting any Body more solid than it selfe into it selfe gives way to it and receives the shape thereof within it selfe as doth the Air allso though not so visibly to our sense So the minde of man contemplating and conceiving God and Divine matters is formed or conformed to the same morally loosing its naturall shape and posture and propensities which is thus expressed by Saint Paul Rom. 12. 2. And be not conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewing of your minde that ye may prove what is that good that acceptable and perfect will of God. For instance a man hearing and taking pleasure in absurd riotous and obscene Discourses or Books as is in part noted before is conformed thereunto and corrupted therewith the Images of things so imbibed or impressed being with great difficulty to be removed and with great facility and promptitude stirring up or at least yielding to sinfull temptations as occasion shall be offered agreeably And so in mens reading of the Histories of far and unknown Countries and the strange fruits of
him the exception lying onely good where there can be no accesse to the publique Place 4. But I know not what vitious and very blameable modesty hath possessed so many of late dayes as to be affraid to be seen or taken praying and sundry devout Persons are startled and shrink to be seen unawares at their Prayers in Gods House it selfe which is the House of Prayer unlesse when the Bells publish the dutie at hand and an Assembly is made professedly and so likewise at their domestick and separate Devotion as if they were taken in a fault or some Crime whereof a man should be ashamed and affraid some men being more abashed seen to doe well than others are taken in an evill Action This cannot be well thought of by God whose service a man is then engaged in and cannot but be an infirmitie in men praying For though a man is not hypocritically and with no better designe than to be noted and praised by men to expose studiously himselfe to the view of others while he prayes he is no lesse obliged not to forbear what place and time and just occasion require at his hands or otherwise may be expedient because people see him For God sayes Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorifie your Father which is in Heaven and the manifestation of our Adoration and service is likewise a manifestation of his honour and glorie And if at length we could recover and bring into Reputation such lost good Actions as publique Prayer in private Persons Religion would be more renowned and many more than now doe would allso fall down and say God is in you of a trueth and so be excited to the same good work or worship in use 5. But a known time of Gods Worship being assigned a sound entire tryed approved Sacrifice and reasonable service of God being appointed for Confession Humiliation Supplications Petitions Deprecations Intercessions Thanksgivings and Benedictions as Saint Paul directeth 1 Tim. 2. 1. with sobrietie or good Conscience to contemne these either ignorantly or presumptuously and to foist in private Inventions scarce so good as humane all things considered what amounts this to but a despising of Christ himselfe and a provocation of God to cast the officious zeal of such as dung upon their own faces For how can it be supposed that God should be pleased with that Oblation obtruded upon him and others without Autoritie which is often put up without Faith and never with Charitie or Humilitie convenient But if our Prayers themselves offend how should we hope for pardon of our offences by them That therefore they should have favourable accesse to God is necessarie they should be dulie qualified themselves and that such as these Conditions here onely to be named be found in them 1. That we pray in Faith that God is and that he is a rewarder of all that call upon him 2. That we pray in trueth without any hereticall or erroneous Dogmes or corrupt Opinions of God of his Word or holy Worship 3. Praying in puritie of intention seeking even when our Prayers consist of spirituall or temporall benefits to our selvles primarily the glorie and good will of God. 4. In Puritie or holinesse of hands that is innocencie of life as David when he said I will wash my hands in innocencie and so will I goe to thine Altar or at least a dislike of our guilt and contaminations making them part of our humiliation and supplications to God. 5. In Charitie towards others so far as Justice and Pietie will permitt And lastly In zeal to Gods service and to our own Soules in so praying which is that lifting up the Soule we so much speak of here and leaving it with him to preserve to his greater service and glorie and our immortall happinesse SECT VIII Of the severall sorts of Prayer viz. Sensible Mentall Supramentall Extemporarie Formed and fixed as allso Singing of Psalmes 1. NOw because there are usually distinguished severall kinds of Prayer to God as well according to the matter as manner of putting up our requests to him all concurring in this one thing that the minde and heart should be thereby united to God and fixed it will not be amisse to glance at the principall in this second order having touched the former from the Apostles words 1 Tim. 2. 1. All which relate to the matter of Prayer and may be perfourmed in any one of those which great Artists have cast into this threefold Prayer viz. Sensible Mentall and Supramentall Sensible they make that which is common to all Christians praying to God in a vocall sensible manner to themselves and others Mentall they would have that called which is contemplative and whereby the minde is throughly directed to God not without affection For if the Understanding onely be erected and directed to God it can scarce deserve the name of Prayer to God as Philosophizing about him therefore it is necessarie that affectionatenesse and adherence to God by love which are acts of the will allso should be found in all due Prayer yea in all Treaters of the nature and use of Prayer otherwise acute and learned men may prescribe better than teach or affect A manifest Example we have in the two great Chieftains amongst Schoolmen Thomas the Angelicall and Bonaventure the Seraphicall Doctour as they call them Both which have in their Opuscula written Treatises of the Love of God. In which the former keeping closer than in such a Subject is expedient to Scholasticall Methods and termes of writing hath left but a dry Monument and insipide to a spirituall Palate of his gift in that kinde whereas Bonaventure speaking out of the abundance of the heart and affection as the Subject required rather than by the rule of humane disquisitions hath much more divinely commendably and profitably as to practice treated thereof And spirituall Doctrine and devotion towards God seem much to resemble the Notion we generally have of the nature of Spirits in themselves which they say consisteth in not being circumscribed by limits as our Bodies are but indefinite and diffusive very much like to the bodie of the Air in which we are inclosed which is capable of any figure but determined to none In like manner Spirituall Prayer and the gifts God bestoweth upon the Soule are not to be limited by the lineaments and parts of humane Methods which as it were fetters the Spirit from expatiating according to its pleasure which like the Winde bloweth and breatheth and leadeth as it listeth and is in very deed as Phanatiques terme it stinted and obstructed by the Arts of Men modelling their Devotion and not subject rather to it and following rather than going before its dictates and impulses For however I finde many Commentatours ingeniously enough and acutely methodizing holy Scripture and Analyzing it so as if it had been the very intent and designe of the Holy Spirit therein to speak Logically and
perdition more than his coming For excepting some monstrous and notorious evills into which a man may fall and that when the Communion is instant so that no competent time nor meanes remain to discharge his part in due preparation though sudden accidents of that nature may admitt of sudden remorse and intense Repentance when time is denied of more full and thorow humiliation then perhaps such excuses may be tolerable as unpreparednesse but when men have timely advice of such ensuing Solemnitie and have no unavoidable impediments but wilfully and necessarily involve themselves in matters inconsistent with it and so absent themselves neglecting that competent preparation required then doe they shun the Curse of communicating unworthily and fall into the condemnation of not preparing themselves and contempt of such meanes of Salvation as he under the Law that refused to purge his House of Leaven and purifie himselfe to eat the Passe-over 4. For in this one Evill many more are contained such as are frustrating Gods invitation to Grace and Mercy a great provocation of men who are of the same nature with our selves though greater in Power and Honour A bereaving our selves of the benefits there tendered and an hazarding of the losse of the fruits of all other meanes ordained by God to our Salvation For God requires that we should put on the whole Armour of God Ephes 6. 11 13. And Saint Paul likewise Coloss 4. 12. exhorteth to stand perfect and compleat in all the will of God. And Saint James assures us Whosoever shall keep the whole Law and yet offend in one point he shall be guilty of all James 2. 10. insinuating sufficiently unto us that the willfull neglect of one such materiall Dutie and violating one so soveraign Ordinance as this doth injury to all and provokes God to withdraw his Blessing upon those other Ordinances we are content to admitt of For he that contemns him in one contemns the Authour of all and so cannot reasosonably expect any benefit from Sermons or from Publique or private service of God. For no man must trust to his making compensation to God one way having wronged him in another where both may be perfourmed And experience teacheth this to be true that none are generally more rare and remisse in the other parts of Gods Worship than they who are carelesse in this 3. A manifold Scandall is offered to Fellow Christians who upon observing the neglect of some in this point entertain suppositions of the little use of it and consequently that the offence in omitting the same is very inconsiderable and light passing it over accordingly or perhaps that receiving that Sacrament belongs chiefly to the Greater or better sort and such as are more at leisure than are they and not to poor obscure and busie persons as they are Furthermore a Scandall is hereby given to the Brethren of the same Faith and profession as if a Member of the Church were fallen away from them and found some evill in the Actions sacred For God doth not onely require at our hands that we should truely believe and become lively Members of Christs mysticall Body and invisible but allso Visible and not onely so but that so far as lies in us we should be visible members allso of that Body Visible and that we should declare the same and doe nothing to give ground or occasion to believe otherwise of us which must necessarily be if we forbear such necessary and solemn proofs and indications as this is even the Greatest of all and that which as it is Unitive of us to Christ so is it very effectuall to produce and preserve that bond of Charitie which Christ commands to be kept up amongst Brethren in Christ 3. Thirdly The main pretence and Apologie of abstaining from the Communion taken from its Sacrednesse and formidablenesse are grounded upon the foresaid words of Saint Paul which therefore to give a faithfull and proper sense of will be very expedient which we may attain to two wayes chiefly First by rightly understanding the occasion given him to write so severely above others For we finde nothing of the like charge given by Christ to his Disciples at the first Institution of it all which came with no other preparation to it than was Legall or Leviticall Neither have we in holy Writ any thing afterward except the words of Saint Paul about it who upon grosse corruptions and scandalous invading openly that holy Sacrament opportunely bestirs himselfe for the vindication of it from such abuses brings them back to the first institution of Christ which was that they should understand that to eat this as their own Supper was to profane it For Christ at that time had two Suppers One Mosaicall which though it had sacred Rites belonging to it did serve to the use of the naturall Body and was to imprint in their memories a sense of their deliverance from slaughter with the First-born in Egypt and from bondage there allso The other was Evangelicall not given in such quantitie as the other to nourish the Bodie but ceremoniously rather in such sort as might give the receiver certain information and proportionable affection of the Passion and death of Christ whose Bodie was broken and Blood shed for the sinnes of the whole World much more of true Believers Which if they who received those Elements did not consider of so as in them to discern the Lords Bodie thereby signified and his Passion thereby called to remembrance and received by the faithfull to their edification in faith and love and comfort but prophanely ventured to take it as common bread yea to come to it first stuffed full with their own riotous Suppers and drunk with excesse of Wine before all the world would judge and condemne them for so doing and more especially would God be avenged of them for such affront put upon him and those divine Mysteries of his ordaining and that by sudden Deaths or grievous Sicknesses and weaknesses upon their bodies besides the evill upon their Soules Others forbearing to eat and drink at home in their Houses kept their stomachs for the good Cheer they were wont to make and plentifully to take in Gods House or the place and at the time they should have soberly modestly and devoutly partaken of these great Mysteries which worthily so incensed the Apostle as to demand if they had not Houses of their own to eat and to drink in but must come into the publique place of Worship the House of God and there gluttonize and revell not considering nor discerning the Lords Body to the shame of themselves and Religion And that this is the most plain and naturall sense of that whole passage of the Apostle will clearly appear to every attentive and judicious Reader taking in the Context And this St. Chrysostome than whome none of his time magnifies more the Mysteries of the Eucharist doth agree to in a second Homilie he hath upon the Passeover Tom. 5. pag. 921. telling
that he might doe them good at the latter end not feasting them so by the way that they should not desire to enter into any other rest For as we see it is with the Day-labourer that his Meals are very short in comparison of his toyl so is it allso with the faithfullest Servants of God in this life their spirituall refreshments are not comparable to their labour in working out their salvation with fear and trembling so that as Bernard observeth the Dayes are rare and the stayes are short of Consolations 6. And a fourth reason hereof may be Gods great designe to keep the Soule in Humility which might be endanger'd by such exaltations and upon which inferiour and harder services might be slighted and neglected as more proper for Persons not so highly priviledged Or it may be vainly presumed that such priviledges are granted to the Soule for its extraordinary diligence in Gods service which must not be allowed but looked upon as an overplus of his favour 7. Fifthly The withholding or withdrawing of such delectations in Gods service may be to instruct us in the absolute Will of God to keep times and seasons in his own Power which it is not for us to know as Christ tells his Disciples Acts 1. And that the Kingdome of God cometh not by observation or according to our expectations 8. But because it is very acceptable to God that we should in all our services give a cheerfull Sacrifice to him which cheerfullnesse is much advanced by the sense of Gods good will towards us such a lightnesse of spirit is not to be wholly slighted as it is not too importunately to be sought after The meanes therefore to obtain the same may be First The due observation of the foregoing Rules now mentioned Secondly A free submission of our selves and services to the disposition of the will of God and contentednesse to persist unalterably in our station under such Aridities of which we know not our selves to be direct occasions a great motive to incline God to manifest his favour unto us more fully Which calls to my minde what I have been told to have happened in the Court of Charles the First For why may we not illustrate things as well by Moderne as Auncient Examples and Domestick as well as Forein in which rare and noble divertisements being prepared for the delight of such as he favoured an inferiour person demanded entrance into the place of such Splendour but being repulsed by a Noble Person to whome the power of admission was given He said Well if I must not be admitted I know what I will doe Doe said the Noble Man Why What will you doe I will goe home said the other and goe to Bed. Nay then if you be so indifferent and well content without it come in replied that Lord. So doth it usually happen unto such who cannot but desire to be admitted into the Presence of God in this way of sensible delectations and yet with patience and submission absolute to Gods Will readily and quietly rest in their ordinarie Dutie ordained of God to walk in here in fullfilling his Will so on Earth as it is in Heaven according to humane abilitie where alone is the consummation of that Union we have but in part here never to be dissolved or interrupted Last of all Retirement for some time into our private Chambers and then into our own selves by stillnesse and composednesse of spirit and minde from not onely worldly cogitations but forcible as I may so speak devotions towards God becomeing as it were Blanks before him that so he may write his own will and in his own way upon the Soule and having so done not to intermitt the wonted Worship of God whether private or publique fullfilling what is said Lamentations 3. 28. He sitteth alone and keepeth silence because he hath born it upon him He putteth his mouth in the dust if so be there may be hope For it often happens that a great mistake is committed through the speciousnesse of the condition of serving God and having him in our Eye as if we intended nothing more than a more cheerfull and acceptable service when love of our selves bears the greatest share in the pursuit of such serenities of minde and consolations For the Soule finding an heavinesse and wearinesse upon it naturally desires ease and relief which Religion it selfe does not denie or disallow provided it be pure from self-Selfe-love often concerned herein And an humble apprehension of our vilenesse unworthinesse and unfitnesse to entertain Christ in such singular manner moving one to cry out in the words and Spirit of Saint Peter Luke 5. 8. Depart from me for I am a sinfull man O Lord may be as great an argument of the profitable and saving Presence of Christ as the possession of him in Consolations and a more readie way to attain what is really good for us though not directly craved in this kinde A Prayer for true Union with God. MOST High and Holy Lord God whome the Heaven of heavens cannot contain who dwellest on high and yet humblest thy selfe to behold the things done in heaven and earth yea to dwell with them that are of an humble spirit and broken heart and takest the simple out of the dust and liftest the poor out of the mire to set him with Princes even with the Princes of his People even with thine holy Angells and the Spirits of just men made perfect And to this end vouchsafest to begin that glorious state here by that state of Grace whereby thou enterest into the Soules of thy Servants and dwellest with them and art united to them O most Gracious Father in thy Son Jesus Christ and through thy Holy Spirit be pleased to descend into my heart and make thy abode with me as by thy Son thou hast promised Vnite my heart to fear thy Name Open the eyes of my understanding that I may see the wondrous things of thy Law and with cleer and pure Contemplation of thee and things spirituall and Heavenly may be so far inflamed with the love of thee and thy Worship that all earthly and sensuall contents and pleasures may be strange and unsavourie to me and that such a spirituall gust may so affect my Soule that I may refuse all delights and glories not placed in thee and derived from thee and tending to thee which may more firmely oblige and endear me to thee so that Nuptiall Bond whereby thou hast espoused me to thee and thy Son Jesus Christ may never be dissolved but amidst the many cares troubles and temptations which may befall me in this life I may constantly and faithfully persevere to serve thee without distraction and much more alienation from thee Thou knowest O Lord that this corruptible bodie presseth down the Soule musing on heavenly things thou knowest that though our spirit be willing our flesh is weak and yet hast taught us that thy Grace is sufficient for us and thy strength is made known in our weaknesse as thy mercy is in our wickednesse wherefore Righteous Father take possession of this thine House which thou hast chosen to dwell in vindicate me from the usurpations of sin the flesh the Devill and all worldly vanities apt to deceive me or draw me from thee that so like thy servant Stephen by a strong eye of Faith evermore stedfastly beholding thee and the glorie with thee I may joy in thee here and everlastingly enjoy thee hereafter through Jesus Christ our Lord Amen FINIS