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A65019 The travels of Sig. Pietro della Valle, a noble Roman, into East-India and Arabia Deserta in which, the several countries, together with the customs, manners, traffique, and rites both religious and civil, of those oriental princes and nations, are faithfully described, in familiar letters to his friend Signior Mario Schipano : whereunto is added a relation of Sir Thomas Roe's Voyage into the East-Indies.; Viaggi. Parte 3. English Della Valle, Pietro, 1586-1652.; Havers, G. (George); Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.; Terry, Edward, 1590-1660. Relation of Sir Thomas Roe's voyage. 1665 (1665) Wing V48; ESTC R10032 493,750 487

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into a mortal flux of blood which in few dayes put an end to his life in his City Lahore Neque enim lex justior ulla est Quam necis artifices arte perire sua Achabar Sha thus dead Sultan Coobsurroo his Grand-Child then aged about twenty years took his opportunity at the first bound and ascended the Regal Throne at Lahore where by a general Acclamation of that very great and populous City he was pronounced and acknowledged King His Father the late Mogol was thus acknowledged at Agra Two great Armies were presently levied and met together to decide the Controversie and the generality of the people within that Empire thinking it meet that the Father should be King before the Son clave by far more to him then to his Son by which means Sultan Coobsurroo was defeated and taken Prisoner and a very great many of young Gallants with him whereof his Father immediately after caused to be impaled or put upon Stakes that most cruel and tormenting death eight hundred in two several ranks in one day without the City Lahore and then carried his Son most disgracefully through them bidding him to behold the men in whom he trusted His Son told him that he should have serv'd him so and spared the other who did nothing in that action but upon his Command his Father replyed that he could serve him so presently if he so pleased his Son will'd and desired him so to do telling his Father that he had no joy at all to live after the beholding of so many gallant men dead Notwithstanding the King spared his Life casting him into Prison where his Eyes were sealed up by something put before them which might not be taken of for the space of three years after which time that seal was taken away that he might with freedom enjoy the Light though not his Liberty And after his Father had taken him out of Prison he kept him alwayes near about him but with a very strong Guard upon him so that he following the King his Father in his Progresses we sometimes saw him And once he called my Lord Ambassadour to him as we passed by him asking him many Questions as how far distant our Country was from them and what we brought thither and what we carryed thence and how the King his Father had used him since his arrive there whether or no he had not bestowed upon him some great gifts The Ambassadour told him that his business there was to obtain a free Trade for his Nation the English and that being granted him he had reward enough The Prince replyed that this could not be denyed us we coming so far to trade there with him and the Prince further asked him How long he had been there the Ambassadour told him About two years the Prince replyed again that it was a very great shame for the Successor of Tamberlane who had such infinite Riches to suffer a Man of his quality to come so far unto him and to live so long about him and not to give him some Royal Gift and he further added that for himself he was a Prisoner and therefore could do him no good but would pray for him and so he departed For that Prince he was a Gentleman of a very lovely presence and fine carriage so exceedingly beloved of the common people that as Suetonius writes of Titus he was Amor Deliciae c. the very love and delight of them Aged then about thirty and five years He was a Man who contented himself with one Wife which with all love and care accompanied him in all his streights and therefore he would never take any Wife but her self though the Liberty of his Religion did admit of Plurality It was generally believed to be the intent of his Father for he would often presage so to make this Prince his first-born his Successor though for the present out of some jealousie he being so much beloved of the people he denyed him his Libe●ty His Father's Love brings upon him the extream hatred of his Brother Caroom the Mogol's third Son who then lived in very great Pomp and Splendor at that Court aiming at that Empire to which end he put many jealousies into his Father's Head now grown in years concerning his Brother Coobsurroo and that his Father might live more secure and out of all present fear of him if he so pleased upon which insinuations partly by force as I observed before and partly by intreaty of Friends about the King he was by the King put into the Cruel Hand of his Brother Caroom who told his Father that he would have both his Eyes upon him and further so provide that he should never have cause to fear him any more and he was as good as his word for presently after he had gotten possession of him though his Father had given him as great a charge as possibly he could to use him well and to keep him honourably and by no means to hurt him which was all promised by Caroom to be faithfully observed he caused his Second Brother Sultan Parveen to be poysoned and not long after that strangled that most gallant Prince his eldest Brother which did so trouble his Father that the grief thereof as it was strongly believed shortned his dayes who not long after this much against his mind made room for that Murderer to succeed him in that Empire who lay'd the foundation of his high Advancement in the Blood of his Brothers and rather then he would have missed it would certainly have made a way through the Blood of his Father likewise All Laws of honesty and of Nature were by him thrown down trampled under foot forgotten and made void to compass and gain his most unjust ends as if he resolved to practise that Language which Polynices out of the height of Ambition spake in the Tragedy Pro Regno velim Patriam Penates Conjugem flammis dare Imperia Precio quolibet constant bene Sen. Trag. Fire on my Gods Wife Country for a Crown An Empire can the dearest price weigh down I shall add but a few things more to this Relation before I conclude it And one shall be to give my Reader a taste but very briefly SECTION XXIX Of the manner of the style or writing of that Court. WHich I shall here insert and in some measure shew by the Copy of a Letter written by the Great Mogol unto King Iames in the Persian Tongue here faithfully translated which was as follows UNto a King rightly descended from his Ance●tors bred in Military Affairs clothed with Honour and Justice a Commander worthy of all Command strong and constant in the Religion which the great Prophet Christ did teach King Iames whose Love hath bred such an impression in my thoughts as shall never be forgotten but as the smell of Amber or as a Garden of fragrant flowers whose Beauty and Odour is still increasing so be assured my Love shall still grow and increase
after each of them a Fast follows That living sensible Creature which they first behold every Morning that is good and serviceable is to them as they say a Remembrancer all the day after to draw up their thoughts in Thanks-giving unto Almighty God who hath made such good Creatures for mans use and service There are good things as I have been informed in that Book of their Religion delivered them in precepts which their Law-giver hath left unto them for the direction of their Lives As first To have shame and fear ever present with them which will restrain and keep them from the committing of many evils Secondly When they undertake any thing seriously to consider whether it be good or bad commanded or forbidden them Thirdly To keep their Hearts and Eyes from coveting any thing that is anothers and their Hands from hurting any Fourthly To have a care alwayes to speak the Truth Fifthly To be known onely in their own businesses and not to enquire into and to busie themselves in other mens matters All which are good moral precepts but they have another which marrs and spoils all the rest and that is upon the greatest penalties they can be threatned withall Sixthly Not to entertain or believe any other Law besides that which was delivered unto them by their Law-giver This people take but one Wife which hath liberty as the Wives of the Hindoos to go abroad They never resolve to take Wives or Husbands without the advice of their Church-men and when they come to be married they stand some distance one from the other there being two Church-men present one in the behalf of the Man and in behalf of the Woman the other The first of these asks the Woman whether or no she will have that Man to be her Husband and the other asks the Man whether or no he will have that Woman to be his Wife and they both consenting the Priests bring them together and joyn their Hands praying that they may live in Unity and Love together and then both those Church-men scatter Rice upon the Married Couple intreating God to make them fruitful in sending them many Sons and Daughters that they may multiply as much as that seed doth in the ears that bear it And so the Ceremony being thus performed which is about the time of mid-night the whole Company depart leaving the Marryed Couple together At the Birth of every Child they immediately send for the Daroo or Church-man who comes to the parties House and there being certainly enform'd of the exact time of the Childs birth first undertakes to calculate its Nativity and to speak something of it by way of prediction after which he conferrs with the Parents about a Name whereby it shall be called which when they have agreed upon the Mother in the presence of the Company there assembled gives it that Name And now lastly touching the Burials of that People they incircle pieces of ground with a round Wall that is of a good height set a part for that purpose These burying places stand remote from Houses and Road-wayes the groun● within them is made smooth or else paved on the bottom in ●●e midst whereof they have a round pit made deep like a draw-Well The Bodies of their Dead both Men Women and Children are carryed to those places upon a Beer made of sleight round Iron Bars for they will not have dead bodies touch any wood lest they should defile it because that is fewel for their adored Fire and thus brought thither are laid round about near the inside of that Wall upon the ground or pavements covered with a thin white Cloth the Daroo or Harboode accompanies the dead body near unto the door which enters that place alwayes kept fast shut but when it is opened upon this occasion to let in their dead and comn thither speaks these words in the audience of all those which are thither assembled That whereas the party deceased consisted of all the Four Elements he desires that every one of them may now take his part And this is the form they use when they there thus dispose of the bodies of their dead Which being there so left in that open place are presently laid bare by the Fowls of the Air who in short time after pick all their flesh clear from their bones by consequence their fleshly part having no other Sepulchres Graves or Tombs but the Craws and Gorges of those ravenous Fowls And when upon this occasion they enter that round stage of Mortality the bare Skeletons they there find which have parted with all their flesh are by those bearers of the dead cast into that deep round pit where they mix promiscuouslly together and so make room for other dead bodies But now that my Reader may not conceive that I have endeavoured in some of these strange Relations to write a new Romance I would have him to think that for mypart I do believe that there is very much of truth in the particulars I have inserted if there be any credit to be given to some men of much integrity that lived amongst them who made it a great part of their business to be satisfied in many of the particulars here spoken of or if I might trust mine own Eyes and Ears that saw and heard much of it which could have enabled me to have written a great deal more concerning the Rites Ceremonies Customs wild conceivings and mad Idolatries of this people as of the Hindoos spoken of before if I durst have thrown away more time upon them all which would have made my Judicious Reader thus to have concluded with me that those Mahometans and Heathens ground very many of their Opinions upon Custom Tradition and Phantsie not Reason much less upon safe Rules that might lead them into and after keep them in the way of Truth They esteeming it a very great boldness a very high Presumption to be wiser in their Religion then their Fore-fathers were as many of the more ignorant sort of Papists will often say though it be directly against themselves and therefore are desirous to do and to believe as their Ancestors have before them to fare as they have fared and as they have sped to speed though they perish everlastingly with them never considering of or ruminating on those things which they hold and maintain for truths being like unto unclean Beasts which chew not the Cudd. So much of that people in general I come now more particularly to speak SECTION XXII Of their King the great Mogol his discent c. NOw those Mahometans and Gentiles I have named live under the subjection of the Great Mogol which Name or rather Title if my Information abuse me not signifies Circumcised as himself and the Mahometans are and therefore for his most general Title he is called the Great Mogol as the chief of the circumcised or chief of the circumcision The lively Portraict of the great MOGOL The Royall Signet of the
with yours The Letters which you sent me in the behalf of your Merchants I have received whereby I rest satisfied of your tender Love towards me desiring you not to take it ill that I have not wrote to you heretofore This present Letter I send to you to renew our Loves and herewith do certifie you that I have sent forth my Firmaunes throughout all my Countries to this effect That if any English Ships or Merchants shall arrive in any of my Ports my People shall permit and suffer them to do what they please freely in their Merchandizing-Causes aiding and assisting them in all occasion of injuries that shall be offered them that the least cause of discourtesie be not done unto them that they may be as free or freer then my own People And as now and formerly I have received from you divers Tokens of your Love so I shall still desire your mindfulness of me by some Novelties from your Countries as an argument of friendship betwixt us for such is the custom of Princes here And for your Merchants I have given express Order through all my Dominions to suffer them to buy sell transport and carry away at their pleasure without the lett or hinderance of any person whatsoever all such Goods and Merchandizes as they shall desire to buy and let this my Letter as fully satisfie you in desired Peace and Love as if my own Son had been Messenger to ratifie the same And if any in my Countries not fearing God nor obeying their King or any other void of Religion should endeavour to be an Instrument to break this League of Friendship I would send my Son Sultan Caroom a Souldier approved in the Wars to cut him off that no obstacle may hinder the continuance and increase of our Affections Here are likewise the Complements of two other Letters of later date sent home by Sir Thomas Row whereof the first doth thus begin WHen your Majesty shall open this Letter let your Royal Heart be as fresh as a small Garden let all People make Reverence at your Gate Let your Throne be advanced higher Amongst the greatness of the Kings of the Prophet Iesus let your Majesty be the greatest and all Monarchs derive their Wisdom and Counsel from your Breast as from a Fountain that the Law of the Majesty of Iesus may receive and flourish under your protection The Letters of Love and Friendship which you sent me the present Tokens of your good Affection towards me I have received by the Hands of your Ambassadour Sir Thomas Row who well deserveth to be your trusty Servant delivered to me in an acceptable and happy hour upon which mine Eyes were so fixed that I could not easily remove them unto any other Objects and have accepted them with great joy and delight c. The last Letter had this beginning HOw gracious is your Majesty whose greatness God preserve As upon a Rose in a Garden so are mine Eyes fixed upon you God maintain your Estate that your Monarchy may prosper and be augmented and that you may obtain all your desires worthy the greatness of your Renown and as the Heart is noble and upright so let God give you a glorious reign because you strongly defend the Law of the Majesty of Iesus which God made yet more flourishing for that it was confirmed by Miracles c. What followed in both those Letters was to testifie his Care and Love towards the English Now all these Letters were written in the Persian Tongue the Court-Language there and their Copies were sent to the Ambassadour that he might get them translated The Originals rowled up somewhat long were covered with Cloth of Gold sealed up on both ends the fashion in that Court and Country to make up Letters though they be not all cloathed there in such a glorious dress In which Letters notice may be taken what was observed before how respectively that King speaks of our Blessed Saviour Christ. And here it will not be impertinent to speak something of those who pretend to enlarge the Name of Iesus Christ in those parts I mean SECTION XXX Of the Iesuits sent thither by their Superiours to convert People unto Christianity c. IN that Empire all Religions are tolerated which makes the Tyrannical Government there more easie to be endured The Mogol would speak well of all of them saying that a Man might be happy and safe in the profession of any Religion and therefore would say That the Mahometan Religion was good so the Christian Religion good and the rest good and therefore by the way The Priests or Ministers of any Religion find regard and esteem amongst the people I shall speak something to this from my own particular usage there then very young while I lived in those parts yet when I was first there brought into the presence of the Mogol immediately after my arrive at his Court I standing near the Ambassadour for no man there of the greatest quality whatsoever is at any time suffered to sit in his presence and but a little distance from that King in his Gozulcan he sent one of his Grandees to me to let me know that the King bad me welcome thither that I should have a free access to him when ever I pleased and if I would ask him any thing he would give it me though I never did ask nor he give and very many times afterward when waiting upon my Lord Ambassadour I appeared before him He would still shew tokens of Civility and Respect unto me and I never went abroad amongst that people but those that met me upon this consideration that I was a Padre for so they call'd me a Father or Minister they would manifest in their Behaviour towards me much esteem unto me But for the Jesuits there There was one of that Order in Goa a City of the Portugals lying in the skirts of India of very much Fame and Renown called Ieronymo Xaviere sent for by Achabar-Sha the late Kings Father in the year 1596. to argue before him the Doctrine of Christianity there being alwayes present a Moolaa or Mahometan Priest and a Third Person who followed no precise Rule but what the Light of Nature meerly led him to and these two were to obtain what they could against his Reasoning The Jesuit in the Mogol's own Language which was a great advantage to him began to speak first of the Creation and then of the Fall of Man in which the Mahometans agree with us Then he laid down divers grounds to bottom his reasonings on That Man by Creation was made a most Excellent Creature indued with the Light of Reason which no other sublunary Creature besides himself had then That Man thus endued must have some Rule or Law to walk by which he could not prescribe unto himself and therefore it must be given him from above That this Law was first given unto Man from God and afterward confirmed by Prophets sent into the World in divers