Mosco shall not be suffered to passe further that if Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants doe not goe for England but after their Market is ended doe purpose to come backe againe to Mosco that then at the Castle of Archangell Timophey Matphewich Lazaroue and our Secretarie Rohmaneeu Voronaue as also at all other our Castels and Cities our Generals Secretaries and all other our Officers shall let passe the English Merchant Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants without all stay or hinderance and as for custome of them their goods or their seruants there shall not be any taken And after the Reading of this our Letter and Passe you shall keepe the Copie of it by you but this you shall deliuer backe againe to the said Iohn and his companie Written at our Campe at Molodone the yeare from the beginning of the World 7113. the eighteenth of Iune The last of Iuly 1605. at Archangell The Copie of the translation of a Commission that was sent from the Mosko from the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH alias GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE by a Courtier named GAVARYLA SAMOYLOWICH SALMANOVE who was sent downe to the Castle of Archangell to Sir THOMAS SMITH then Lord Embassadour as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia hath commanded Gauareela Samoylowich Salmanoue to goe to Vologda and from Vologda to the new Castle of Archangell or wheresoeuer he shall ouertake the English Ambassadour Sir Thomas Smith Also when he hath ouertooke the Ambassadour then Gauareele shall send the Ambassadour his Interpreter Richard Finch willing him to certifie vnto the Ambassadour that the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich sole commander of Russia hath sent vnto him one of his Courtiers in regard of his Maiesties affaires and after some two houres respite Gauareela himselfe shall ride to the Ambassadour and deliuer vnto him his Maiesties speeches as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia and of many Kingdomes Lord and commander Hath commanded thee Thomas the English Ambassadour to certifie vnto Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland that by the iust iudgement of God and his strange power we are come and succeeded into the place of our Father and predecessours as also we are come to the throne of the great and famous Kingdome of Vlodemer Mosco and to the Empire of Cazan Astaracan and Siberia and of all the Kingdomes of the Empire of Russia being an Empire belonging to the great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia Moreouer we calling to memorie the sending loue and amitie betwixt our Father the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich of all Russia of famous memorie as also our Brother the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Feoder Euanowich of all Russia sole commander with their sister Elizabeth Queene of England in the like manner doe we purpose to haue sendings and to be in loue with your Lord King Iames and more then hath bin in former time And in token of our said loue and amitie we doe intend to fauour all his subiects in our Land and to giue vnto them freer libertie then they haue had heretofore and you his Ambassadour we haue commanded to dispatch without all delay or hindrance Therefore we would haue you to make knowne vnto your Lord King Iames our Maiesties loue And as soone as God shall grant the time of our Coronation to be finished and that we are crowned with the Emperiall crowne of our predecessours according to our manner and worthinesse then we the great Lord Emperor and great Duke Demeetry Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander will send our messenger to salute each other according to the former manner And concerning those Letters which were sent by you from Borris Godenoue we would haue you deliuer them backe againe to our Courtier Gauareela and after the deliuerie of our speeches to returne him to the Emperour vnder written by the Chancellour Ofanasy Euanowich Vlaseou The Copie of the Translation of a new Priuiledge that was giuen to the Company by the Emperour DEMEETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE the which Priuiledge was sent into England ouer-land by OLYVER LYSSET Marchant and seruant to the foresaid Company GOD the Trenitie before and without the beginning the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost establish vs to hold and keepe our Scepter and Realme for the good of our Land and the happinesse of our people Wee the resplendant and manifest and not the miserable vpholder but sole commander the great Duke Demetry Euanowich by the mercy of God Casar and great Duke of Russia and of all the Empire of Tartaria and many other Kingdomes as also of the great Monarchie of Mosco Lord Emperour and Commander Haue bestowed and gratified vnto the English Merchants viz. Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Spencer Knight Sir Humfrey Wild Knight Robert Doue Robert Chamberline William Garaway Iohn Haruey Richard Stapers Iohn Merricke Richard Wryght Richard Cocks Thomas Farrington Richard Wych George Bowles Bartholomew Barnes Richard Bowldra Iohn Casten Edward Chery Thomas the sonne of Alexander alias Hicks we haue giuen them free liberty to come with their ships into our Realme and Dominion and to the Country of Dwina to the Castle of Archangel and to Colmogro with all maner of commodities and to trade freely as also to come from the sea side by land or by water to our great dominion and Caesars City of Mosco great Nouogrod and Vobsko and all other cities within our dominions to trade with all manner of commodities in the same forme and manner as heretofore was bestowed on the English Merchants in the time of our father of famous memory the great Lord and Caesar and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of all Russia sole Commander and as was granted vnto them in the time of our Brother the great Duke Theodor Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander And as for custome of their goods or for passing by as also for the custome of their boates or for Head-money or for going ouer bridges or Ferryes or for entrie of goods As also all manner of Custome whatsoeuer we command shall not bee taken of them Also the English Merchants shall not bring nor sell other mens goods in our Dominion as their owne neither shall our Subiects buy or sell or traffique for Also our Subiects pawnes they shall not keep by them nor send others about the Cities to buy goods but what Cities they come into themselues they shall trafficke and sell their owne commodities and buy Russe commodities freely And when they come into our Dominion of great Nouogrod and Vobsko or to any other Cities within our Realme to trafficke with their goods and that after the market is past they shall bee desirous to passe for Mosco or for England then our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all people shall according to this our Caesars Letter let them passe without delay
King some thing of no great value our King would haue sent him many precious things and dismissed you his Ambassadours honourably and haue sent his Ambassadours with you but now hee only endeth his Letter to your Emperour The Citie of Catay where the King dwelleth is built vpon an euen plaine ground and is incompassed round about with a Riuer called Yoâ—ga which falleth into the blacke Sea which is from the Citie Catay seuen dayes trauell so that there come no ships neerer the Citie Catay then seuen dayes trauell off but all things are transported in small Vessels and ship-boats The Merchandizes the King doth send into all parts of his Dominions of Catay and from thence are carried ouer the borders into the Land of Mugalla to the King Altine to the blacke Kollmakes to the Iron King into Boghar and other Dominions their Patriarkes and Friers trauell with the Commodities as Veluets Sattens Damaskes Siluer Leopard Skinnes Turkesses and blacke Zenders for which they buy Horses and bring them into Catay for in Catay are but few horses only Mules and Asses and Cloth they haue none their Horses and Siluer goeth into strange Countreyes or as they say Nemâ—sij the Siluer is made in Brickes which they call Kritsij valued each Kritsij at fiftie two Rubles their Apparell they weare with long broad hanging sleeues like the Gentlewomens Summer-coats or Lettiâ—ks in Russia the people are very faire but not warlike timorous most their endeuour is in great and rich traffick They told vs that not long before our comming the people of Mugalla had taken two Castles from them by deceit also they told vs that their King hath a stone which lighteth as the Sunne both day and night called in their Language Sarra and in our Tongue Iachaâ—t or Rubie another stone they say hee hath which driueth away water from it it is also called a Rubie There come to them Strangers or Nemtsij euery yeere with all manner of Merchandizes and barter for Deere Skinnes and Loshids Sables Beuers Veluets Taffataes and Zendews or Calico these strangers they say come to them out of the blacke Sea from the East and the South also they say there is a Riuer called Kartalla which falleth into the great Riuer Ob but they know neyther the head nor the fall of it they imagine it commeth out of the blacke Sea and falleth into it againe vpon this Riuer dwell many people with walking Herds For a triple testimony of Sir Iohn Merikes honourable courtesie I haue added this succeeding Patent which howsoeuer in some things it concurre with the former of Boris and Demetrius Yet those being obscurely translated or written this may illustrate them and it also presenteth both larger Priuiledges the Partriarkes name ioyned with the Emperours and the Golden Seale WE the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander of Volodemer Mosco and Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan Emperour of Astracan Emperour of Siberia Lord of Plesco and great Duke of Sâ—olensky Twensky Vgorsky Psermesky Vatsky Bolgorsky and others Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the lower Countreyes Cheringosky Rahansky Rostouskey Yaraslausky Belozersky Vdorskey Obdorsky Condinsky and of all the Northerne parts Commander and Lord ouer the Country of Iuersky and Caberdynland Cherkaskey and of the Dukedomes of Igorskey and of many other Kingdomes Lord and Conquerour Together with the great Lord Philleret Neketich the holy Patriarke and Head of the Reuerend Clergie of the Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of all Russia by the flesh our naturall Father and by the power of the Holy Ghost our Spirituall Pastâ—r and Ghostly Father Whereas there was sent vnto vs the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia and to our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia From our louing Brother Iames by the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland and of many others his Maiesties Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merike Knight and Gentleman of his Maiesties Priuie Chamber vpon both our Princely Affaires The said Sir Iohn Merike in the name of our said louing Brother King Iames requested our Imperiall Maiestie and our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke to bee pleased graciously to fauour the English Merchants to grant them leaue to come with their shippes vnto our Port and Hanâ—ns of Archangell with all kind of Commoditieâ— and freely to traffique from the Sea side to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and to our Patrimoniâ— of great Nouogrod and Plesco and vnto all other our Cities Townes and Countreyes of our Empire with all sorts of Commodities without paying of Custome in as ample manner as formerly hath beene granted to the English Merchants and that our Imperiall Maiestie together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke would be pleased to grant a new our gracious Priuiledges vnder our Princely Seale accordingly as our Predecessors Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia haue heretofore granted vnto them We therefore the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia for the loue we beare to our most louing Brother the great Lord King Iames with whom wee are willing and desirous euer to remayne in the strongest bonds of brotherly loue and friendship haue graciously granted to his Kingly Maiesties Subiects the English Merchants Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Merike Knight Sir Richard Smith Knight Sir William Russell Knight Sir George Bowles Knight Hugh Hamersley Alderman Ralph Freeman Richard Wytch Morris Abbot Robert Bateman William Stone Rowland Healing Iob Hanby Richard Ironside Edward Iames Iohn Caslen Beniamin Deicrow Fabyan Smith and their fellowes free leaue to come with their shippes into our Kingdomes into our Countreyes of Dweena vnto the Port of Archangell and from thence to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of Nouogrod the Great and vnto Plesco and into all other the Cities of our Empire to trade and traffique with all kind of Merchandizes free of all Customes as well the great Customes as Tole vnlading of Vessels or Boats passages through any place by water or Land entries Head-money Bridge-money Ferryings or any manner of Customes or Duties whatsoeuer can bee named The English Merchants being thus licensed to trade in our Kingdomes free of all customes for their owne commodities shall neither colour nor sell strangers wares as their owne neither shall our people sell for them any of their goods nor yet shall they keepe any of our people vnder their protection and into what Cities the English Merchants themselues or their Factors or Seruants shall come with their goods it shall be lawfull for them freely to trafficke and sell their owne commodities in barter or otherwise against Commodities of our Countrey And whensoeuer the said Merchants shall come into our Patrimony of great Nouogrod and Plesco or into any other the Cities of our
the English and Spanish Fleets the Sea flight of the Spanish and miserable disasters in their returne Their lyes The Queenes religious triumph pag. 1895. Squadron of the Galeons of Portugall p. 1898. Don Alonso Peres de Gusman the good Duke of Medina Sidonia Countie of Nebla Marquesse of Casheshe in Africa Lord of the Citie of Saint Lucar Captaine Generall of the Occian Sea of the Coast of Andaluzia and of this Armie of his Maiestie and Knight of the honorable Order of the golden Fleece pag. 1902. The true relation of the successe of the Catholike Armie against their Enemies by the Letters of the Post-master of Logrono of the fourth of September and by Letters from Roan of the 31. of August and by Letters from Paris of the Kings Embassadour there wherein hee declareth the imprisonment of Francis Drake and other great Nobles of England and how the Queene is in the field with an Armie and of a certaine mutinie which was amongst the Queenes Armie with the successe of the said Catholike Armie since they entred in the Groyne till they came on the Coast of England with two Ballets compounded by Christouer Brauo a blinde man of Cordowa printed with licence by Gabriel Ramos Beiarano printer pag. 1913. CHAP. XII A discourse of the Portugall voyage Anno 1589. Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake Generalls written as is thought by Colonell Antonie Wingfield imployed in the same voyage formerly published by his friend to whom it was written and here abbreuiated pag. 1914. CHAP. XIII A briefe and true report of the Honourable voyage vnto Cadiz 1596. of the ouerthrow of the Kings Fleet and of the winning of the Citie with other accidents gathered out of Meteranus Master Hackluyt and others pag. 1927. CHAP. XIIII The voyage to the Iles of Azores vnder the conduct of the Right Honorable Earle of Essex 1597. pag. 1935. § 1. The relation thereof by the said Earle and other Commissioners ibid. § 2. A larger relation of the said Iland voyage written by Sir Arthur Gorges Knight collected in the Queenes ship called the Wast Spite wherein he was then Captaine with Marine and Martiall discourses added according to the occurrences pag. 1938. The Conclusion of the Worke with some later aduertisements touching his Maiesties care for Virginia pag. 19â—0 Maps and Peeces cut in Brasse or VVood in the last ten Bookes AMerica p. 857 America Meridionalis p. 882 America Septentrionalis p. 853 Map of the Arctike Pole p. 625 Borussia or Prussia p. 626 Hondius his Map of China p. 361 Purchas his Map of China p. 402 Denmarke p. 622 England p. 1980 Florida p. 689 Great Britaine and Ireland p. 1981 Greenland p. 468 Vlphilas Gottick letters p. 658 Hispaniola p. 861 Island p. 644 Lithuania p. 629 Liuonia p. 627 Magellan Streight p. 900 Mexican hieroglyphic histor cut in 65. peeces p. 1067 c. to 1117. Moscouia p. 778 Norwegia p. 620 Polonia p. 630 Russia p. 220 Noua Scotia p. 1874 New Spaine p. 871 Tartaria p. 234 Taurica Chersonesus p. 632 Virginia p. 1692 PEREGRINATIONS AND DISCOVERIES IN THE REMOTEST NORTH AND EAST PARTS OF ASIA CALLED TARTARIA AND CHINA THE FIRST BOOKE CHAP. I. The Iournall of Frier WILLIAM DE RVBRVQVIS a French-man of the Order of the Minorite Friers vnto the East parts of the World Anno Dom. 1253. TO the most Excellent and most Christian Lord Lewis by Gods grace the Renowmed King of France Frier William de Rubruk the meanest of the Minorites Order wisheth health and continuall Triumph in Christ. It is written in the Booke of Ecclesiasticus concerning the Wiseman He shall trauell into forreine Countries and good and euill shall hee try in all things The very same Action my Lord and King haue I atchieued howbeit I wish that I haue done it like a wise man and not like a Foole. For many there bee that performe the same Action which a wise man doth not wisely but more vndiscreetly of which number I feare my selfe to bee one Notwithstanding howsoeuer I haue done it because you commanded mee when I departed from your Highnesse to write all things vnto you which I should see among the Tartars and you wished me also that I should not feare to write long Letters I haue done as your Maiestie enioyned me yet with feare and reuerence because I want words and Eloquence sufficient to write vnto so great a Maiestie Bee it knowne therefore vnto your Sacred Maiestie that in the yeare of our Lord 1253. about the Nones of May wee entred into the Sea of Pontus which the Bulgarians call the great Sea It contayneth in length as I learned of certayne Merchants one thousand and eight miles and is in a manner diuided into two parts About the midst thereof are two Prouinces one towards the North and another towards the South The South Prouince is called Synopolis and it is the Castle and Port of the Soldan of Turkie but the North Prouince is called of the Latines Gasaria of the Greekes which inhabit vpon the Sea shoare thereof it is called Cassaria that is to say Caesaria And there are certayne head-lands stretching forth into the Sea towards Synopolis Also there are three hundred miles of distance betweene Synopolis and Cassaria Insomuch that the distance from those points or places to Constantinople in length and breadth is about seuen hundred miles and seuen hundred miles also from thence to the East namely to the Countrey of Hiberia which is a Prouince of Georgia At the Prouince of Gasaria or Cassaria wee arriued which Prouince is in a manner three square hauing a Citie on the West part thereof called Kersoua wherein Saint Clement suffered Martyrdome And sayling before the said Citie wee saw an Iland in which a Church is said to be built by the hands of Angels But about the midst of the said Prouince toward the South as it were vpon a sharpe Angle or Point standeth a Citie called Soldaia directly against Synopolis And there doe all the Turkie Merchants which Traffique into the North Countries in their Iourney outward arriue and as they returne home-ward also from Russia and the said Northerne Regions into Turkie The foresaid Merchants transport thither Ermines and gray Furres with other rich and costly Skinnes Others carrie Clothes made of Cotton or Bombast and Silke and diuers kinds of Spices But vpon the East part of the said Prouince standeth a Citie called Matriga where the Riuer Tanais dischargeth his streames into the Sea of Pontus the mouth whereof is twelue miles in breadth For this Riuer before it entreth into the Sea of Pontus maketh a little Sea which hath in breadth and length seuen hundred miles and it it is in no place thereof aboue sixe paces deepe whereupon great Vessels cannot saile ouer it Howbeit the Merchants of Constantinople arriuing at the foresaid Citie of Materta send their Barkes vnto the Riuer of Tanais to buy dryed fishes Sturgeons Thosses Barbils
be liueth and giueth life vnto Man Our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his Children with his holy Word through our Lord Iesus Christ the Spirit of Life now in this latter times establish vs to hold the right Scepter and suffer vs of our selues to reigne for the good of the Land and the happinesse of the People together with our Enemies and to the doing of good We the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander of Volodemer Mosco Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan King of Astracan Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko of Twersko Vhorskoy Permskoy Vatskoy Bolharskay and of others Lord and great Duke of Nouagrod in the low Country of Chernego Rezan Polotskay Rostouskoy Yeraslauskoy Belozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and all Siberia and the North parts Lord and Commander of Euerskoy Land and Cabardinskoy Country and of Cherces and Igarskoy Land as also of many others Lord and Commander with our Sonne Prince Phedar Borisowich of all Russia We haue bestowed on the Merchants of England viz. Sir Iohn Hart Knight Sir William Webb Knight Richard Saltanitall Alderman Nicolas Moshley Alderman Robert Doue William Garaway Iohn Harbey Robert Chamberlin Henrie Anderson Iohn Audwart Francis Cherie Iohn Merick Anthony Marlar Wee haue granted and licenced them to come with their ships into our Dominion the Country of Dwina with all manner of Commodities to trade freely from the Sea side and within our Dominions to the Citie of our Empire of Mosco Also there made sute vnto vs Sir Iohn Hart Knight and his Companie to gratifie them to trade to our Citie of Mosco and to our Heritage of great Nouogrod and Vobsko and to all parts of our Empire with their Commodities and to Trade freely without custome vpon which Wee the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Pheodorowich of all Russia with our Sonne Prince Pheodor Borisowich of all Russia haue granted vnto the English Merchants Sir Iohn Hart Knight and his fellowes for our Sisters sake Queene Elizabeth free passage to come into our Kingdome of Mosco and into all the rest of our Dominions with all manner of Commodities to trade and traffick freely at their pleasure Also we haue commanded not to take any kinde of Custome for their goods nor any other Customes whatsoeuer viz. for passing by any place by Land nor for passing by any place by Water nor for Custome of their Boats or Head money nor for passing ouer Bridges and Ferries nor for any entrie of Wares as also all manner of other Customes or Duties whatsoeuer wee command shall not bee taken of them But they shall not bring other mens goods into our Dominions nor likewise recarry out of our Kingdome any other mens goods as their owne nor to sell or barter for other men Neither shall our Subiects buy and sell for them or from them neither shall they keepe any of our peoples goods or pawnes by them to owne or colour them Likewise they shall not send any of our Subiects to any Towne or Citie to buy Commodities But what Citie they come into themselues they shall sell their owne Commodities and buy our Commodities And when they shall come to our Heritage to great Vobsko and Nouagrod or to any other Citie within our Dominions with their Commodities that then our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all other officers shall suffer and let them passe according to this our Letter and to take no manner of Custome of them whatsoeuer for any of their Commodities for passing by nor for passage ouer any Bridges neither shall they take any other Custom whatsoeuer in all our Dominions And wheresoeuer they happen to come and doe proceed to buy and sell as also wheresoeuer they shall passe through with goods not buying of any Commoditie nor selling their owne then in those Cities they shall take of them no manner of Custome whatsoeuer as aforesaid and wee haue gratified and giuen them leaue to trade in all parts of our Dominions with their goods freely without Custome And likewise whensoeuer the English Merchants shall bee desirous to buy or sell or barter their wares with our Merchants wares for wares then shall they sell their wares whole sale and not by retaile Cloth by the pack and by Clothes and by remnants and Damasks and Veluets by the Piece and not by the Yard or asheene and such Commodities as is to be sold by waight not to sell them by the small waights that is to say by the Zolotnick Also they shall sell Wines by the Pipe and the Hogshead but by the Gallon Quart or Pot or Charke they shall not sell moreouer they shall buy sell and exchange their owne Commodities themselues and the Russe Merchants shall not sell or exchange for them or from them their Commodities neither shall they carry any mans goods to no manner of place vnder colour of their owne and which of the English Merchants would at any time sell his Commodities at Colmogro on the Dwina or at Vologda and at Yeraslauly they may and of all their Commodities throughout all our Cities and Dominion our Gentlemen Gouernours and all other Officers shall take no manner of Custome according to this our Imperiall Letter of fauour Also through all our Dominions Cities and Townes they shall hire Carriers Boats and men to labour or rowe in the said Boats at their owne cost Likewise when as the English Merchants shall desire to goe out of our Dominion into any other Kingdome or into their owne Land and that we thinke it good for them to take with them from our Treasure any Commodities to sell or exchange them for vs for such Commodities as shall be sitting to our Kingdome and to deliuer them to our Treasurer and with those their and our goods our Gentlemen and Gouernours shall suffer them to passe through all Cities and Townes within our Dominions without Custome as before And when they haue ended their Market and doe desire to goe from the Mosko then they shall appeare in the Chancerie to the Keeper of our Seale the Secretarie Vassily Yacolowich Schellcalou Likewise if there happen to the English Merchants any extremitie by Sea or that a ship be broken and that it be neere any place of our Kingdome then we command that all those goods shall bee brought out iustly and bee giuen to the English people that shall at that time bee in our Land or if they be not here then to lay them vp all together in one place and when the Englishmen come into our Land then to deliuer those goods to them Also wee haue bestowed on the English Merchants the House of Yourya in the Mosko by a Church of Saint Maxims neere the Marget to dwell in it as in former time keeping one House-keeper a Russe or one of their owne strangers but other Russe folkes they shall not keepe any Likewise these Merchants haue Houses in diuers our Cities as followeth A House
most excellent Maiestie of great Brittaine his great Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merricke Knight 10. And as for the Russe Ordnance in these Castles which shall be giuen to our Lord Emperour and great Duke c. from the Kings Maiestie G.A. c. which Ordnance shall remaine there shall be giuen to his Maiesties Officers and what munition of Artillerie as prouision for Warres and Bels and other matters which their Kings Maiestie hath taken in the Land of Russia out of those Castles before the contract which the Kings Maiesties great Commissioners and the great Lord King Iames c. great Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merricke Knight did erect as the twentieth of Nouember such Ordnance and prouisions shall remaine to the Kings Maiesties vse and Crowne of Sweden without all contradiction or cauilation 11. And because the late great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasilly Euanowich of all Russia Sam. did giue and confirme by writings vnto their high mighty late Lord King Charles the ninth of S. c. and to the Crowne of Sweden the Castle Corela and the Prouince thereof for that faithfull and good willing aide which was done vnto him against the Polish people in like manner doth confirme and establish the same by this contract of our great Lord Emperour and great Duke M.F. c. the same yeelding and donation of the great Lord Zare and great Duke Vasily Euanowich c. for himselfe his successours and hereafter being Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia and for the whole Empire of all Russia that the said Castle of Corella with all profits reuenewes and rents by Land and by Water according to their former auncient and now being borderers nothing exempted in all accordingly as it was by former Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia as they possest and held it so hereafter it shall remaine to their Kings Maiestie G.A. of S. c. and to his Maiesties Successours and hereafter following Kings of Sweden and the Crown of Sweden without all cauillation or contradiction for euerlasting times 12. And that hereafter there be no more difficulty or variance concerning the borderers of the Land it is concluded and agreed vpon that in this yeare 7125. vpon the first of Iune our great Lord Emperour and great Duke M.F. c. and their high mighty King G.A. c shall send on both sides speciall good Courtiers and Notaries to meete between Lodiga and Oreseke at the mouth of the Riuer Laua whence it doth fall into the Lake of Lodiga so that they shall meete vpon the said Riuer on the midst of the Bridge which of both sides their people shall make vpon that Riuer and when there the one shall haue shewed the other their ample Commissions and shall appeare that they are worthy to measure out the borders thereby betweene the Emperours Maiestie and the Kings Maiesties Lands so that from the borders of Nouogrod Lodiga and Odow with their Prouinces and also from Somerskey Volost be deuided from the auncient and former precincts and borders of Oreseeke Copora Yam and Euanogorod in iust manner as it ought to be at the same time next ensuing the first day of Iune then the said Courtiers and Notaries three in presence in the said manner on both sides shall meete together vpon the borders of Nouogrod betweene the Prouince of Olimets and Corela at Salomensky Towne by the Lake of Lodiga which Courtiers also shall view the same Prouinces according to the former borders and as the former are exprest how they haue bin and confirme the same and if they so chance that they cannot happen vpon the former auncient borders then shall they by iust inquisition make new borders and Land-markes in such manner that hereafter there be no further controuersie concerning those borders and those Courtiers or Gentlemen shall not part asunder of neither side till they haue sufficiently and friendly ended that businesse in all manner and what those Courtiers shall finish and effect in this manner the same according as befitteth there shall expresse by writing vpon parchment on both sides and confirme the same by their subscription Seales kissing of the Crosse and oath interchangeable and as concerning the deuiding of borders and the Gentlemen shall doe it as namely of Nouogrod Lodiga Odo Somerskey Volost of one part and also betweene Oreseke Copora Yam and Euanogorod on the other side and also betweene the borders of Nouogrod and Corela shall be set downe and written the same shall be iâ—remoueable and fast for euerlasting times by our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michall Fedorowich of all Russia c. and the Kings Maiestie Gustauus Adolphus c. and their successours and hereafter being on both sides for euerlasting times according to this contract of an euerlasting peace and for more firme confirmation of the same that it shall be held and kept it shall be declared further in the Letters of contract which shall be hereafter giuen betweene both Princes from the Emperours Maiestie by kissing the Crosse and confirmation of his said Letters by his great Seale and by the Kings Maiesties oath vpon the holy Euangelists 13. As also the former of blessed and most famous memory great Lord Emperour and great Duke Fedor Euanowich of all Russia Sam. our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michall Fedorowich of all Russia Sam c. Vnckle in conclusion of peace made at Tavsin in the yeare 7103. did yeelde and giue ouer all his pretention and claime to the Countrey of Leifland as also the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasily Euanowich of all Russia Sam. in a conclusion of peace made at Wyburgh in the yeare 7117 did renounce the same so it is now here concluded and agreed that our great Lord Emperour and great Duke M. F c. and his successours and hereafter being Emperours and great Dukes shall at no time for euer challenge vnto themselues any right or pretence to the Countrey of Leifland neither shall our great Lord Emperour and great Duke M.F. of all Russia Sam. nor his successours great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia hereafter write vnto their great Lord King Gustauus Adolphus nor his successours hereafter being Kings of Sweden nor to the Crowne of Sweden with the title of Leifland or those Castles which the Emperours Maiestie hath now renounced to the Kings Maiestie for euer neither by Letters of confirmation to write themselues or name themselues in them nor suffer his Uoyauodes Seruants and Commanders to write themselues with the title of Leifland or the Townes aforesaid neither in writing nor speeches to name themselues As also our great Lord Emperour and great Duke M. F. of all Russia Sam. his successours and hereafter being great Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia in their writings and speeches shall giue to their Kings Maiestie and hereafter being Kings of Sweden their accustomed title of Leifland and Corella Item on both sides the great
1155. § 1. The Ships employed in the Voyage and accidents on the Coasts of Spaine in the Canaries and the Nauigation thence to Dominica ibid. § 2. Description of Dominica and the Virgines Their landing on Port Ricco March fights and taking the Towne pag. 1157. § 3. The Fort Mora besieged and taken The Towne described the Mines Purpose to hold the place altered by the death and sicknesse of manie pag. 1162. A resolution which they were to trust to p. 1163. § 4. Purpose of returne Treatie with the Spaniards His Lordships departure Description of the Iland the Beasts Fruits Plants c. pag. 1168. § 5. Accidents by Sea in their way to the Azores and there pag. 1174. CHAP. IIII. The first Voyages made to diuers parts of America by Englishmen Sir Sebastian Cabot Sir Thomas Pert also of Sir Iohn Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake and many others collected briefly out of Master Camden Master Hakluit and other Writers pag. 117â— A briefe Historie of Sir Francis Drakes Voyages pag. 1179. A briefe recitall or nomination of Sea-fights other Englishmens Voyages related at large in the printed Workes of Master Hakluit pag. 1186. CHAP. V. The Relation of Peter Carder of Saint Verian in Cornwall within seuen miles of Falmouth which went with Sir Francis in his Voyage about the World begun 1577. who with seuen others in an open Pinnasse or Shallop of fiue tunnes with eight Oares was separated from his Generall by foule weather in the South Sea in October Anno 1578. who returning by the Straites of Magellan toward Brasill were all cast away saue this one onely aforenamed who came into England nine yeeres after miraculously hauing escaped many strange dangers aswell among diuers Sauages as Christians H. pag. 1187. CHAP. VI. Master Thomas Candish his Discourse of his fatall and disastrous Voyage towards the South Sea with his many disaduentures in the Magellan Straits and other places written with his owne hand to Sir Tristram Gorges his Executor H. pag. 1192. CHAP. VII The admirable aduentures and strange fortunes of Master Anthonie Kniuet which went with Master Thomas Candish in his second Voyage to the South Sea 1591. H. P. pag. 1201. § 1. What befell in their Voyage to the Straits and after till hee was taken by the Portugals ibid. § 2. Anthonie Kniuet his comming to the R. of Ianero and vsage amongst the Portugals and Indians his diuers Trauels thorow diuers Regions of those parts pag. 1207. § 3. His strange trauels with twelue Portugals whom the Sauages did eate His life with the Canibals and after that with the Portugals from whom hee fleeth to Angola is brought backe and after manifold chances is shipped to Lisbone pag. 1216. § 4. The diuers Nations of Sauages in Brasill and the adioyning Regions their diuersities of Conditions States Rites Creatures and other thinges remarkeable which the Author obserued in his many yeeres manifold Peregrinations pag. 1225. The Giants of Port Desire and Inhabitants of Port Famine also Angola Congo and Massangana and Angica Countries of Africa pag. 1232. § 5. The description of diuers Riuers Ports Harbours Ilands of Brasill for instruction of Nauigators pag. 1237. CHAP. VIII Relations of Master Thomas Turner who liued the best part of two yeeres in Brasill c. which I receiued of him in conference touching his Trauels pag. 1243. CHAP. IX The taking of Saint Vincent and Puerto Bello by Captaine William Parker of Plimouth the seuenth of February 1601. ibid. CHAP. X. Certayne Notes of a Voyage made by Dauid Middleton into the West Indies with Captaine Michael Geare Ann. Dom. 1601. H. pag. 1242. CHAP. XI The Description of the I le of Trinidad the rich Countrey of Guiana and the mightie Riuer of Orenoco written by Francis Sparrey left there by Sir Walter â—aileigh 1595. and in the end taken by the Spaniards and sent Prisoner into Spaine and after long Captiuitie got into England by great sute H. pag. 1247. CHAP. XII Captaine Charles Leigh his Voyage to Guiana and plantation there H. pag â—250 CHAP. XIII A true Relation of the traiterous Massacre of the most part of threescore and seuen English men set on Land out of a Ship of Sir Oliph Leagh bound for Guiana in Santa Lucia an Iland of the West Indie the three and twentieth of August written by Iohn Nicol. H. P. pag. 1255. CHAP. XIIII The Relation of Master Iohn Wilson of Wansteed in Essex one of the last tenne that returned into England from Wiapoco in Guiana 1606. H. pag. 1260. CHAP. XV. Part of a Treatise written by Master William Turner Sonne to Doctor Turner of London a Physitian touching the former Voyage H. pag. 1265 CHAP. XVI A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana performed by Robert Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt in the Countie of Oxford Esquire pag. 1267. The names of the Riuers falling into the Sea from Amazones to Dessequebe and of the seuerall Nations inhabiting those Riuers pag. 1282. CHAP. XVII A Relation of the habitation and other Obseruations of the Riuer of Marwin and the adioyning Regions pag. 1283. Riuers from Brabisse to the Amazones p. 1286 CHAP. XVIII A Description and Discouerie of the Riuer of Amazons by William Dauies Barber Surgeon of London pag. 1287. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the Seuenth Booke of the second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Treatise of Brasill written by a Portugall which had long liued there H. pag. 1289. § 1. Of the beginning and originall of the Indians of Brasill and of their Customes Religions and Ceremonies ibid. § 2. Of their manner of killing and eating of Humane flesh and of their creating Gentlemen pag. 1294. § 3. Of the diuersitie of Nations and Languages and of the Soyle and Climate pag. 1297. § 4. Of the Beasts Land-serpents and Fowles pag. 1301. Of Land-snakes and Serpents pag. 1303. Of the Fowles that are in the Land and are thereon sustained pag. 1304. § 5. Of the Brasilian Trees for Fruit Medicine and other vses and their Herbes of rare operations pag. 1306. Of the Herbes that yeeld Fruit and are eaten pag. 1309. § 6. Of the Fishes that swimme in the Salt-water also Shel-fishes Trees and Fowles of the Sea of Riuers and the Creatures which liue therein and the Beasts and Plants brought thither out of Portugall pag. 1312. Birds that doe feed and are found in the Salt-water pag. 1316. Fresh-water Snakes and Creatures of the water pag. 1317. Of the Beasts Trees and Herbes that came from Portugall and doe grow and breed in Brasill pag. 1318. CHAP. II. Articles touching the dutie of the Kings Maiestie our Lord and to the common good of all the estate of Brasill Written as is thought by the Author of the former Treatise H. pag. 1320. CHAP. III. Extracts out of the Historie of Iohn Lerius a Frenchman who liued in Brasill with Monsieur Villagagnon Anno 1557. and 58. H.P. pag. 1325 § 1. Of the Beasts and other liuing Creatures and Plants
a square sharpe spire rising from the top thereof being more then a cubite in length and fashioned like vnto a Pinacle The said Botta they couer all ouer with a piece of rich Silke and it is hollow within and vpon the midst of the said spire or square top they put a bunch of Qâ—ils or of slender Canes a cubite long and more and the said bunch on the top thereof they beautifie with Peacockes Feathers and round about all the length thereof with the Feathers of a Malards taile and with precious stones also Great Ladies weare this kind of ornament vpon their heads binding it strongly with a certaine Hat or Coyfe which hath a hole in the crowne fit for the spire to come through it and vnder the foresaid ornament they couer the haires of their heads which they gather vp round together from the hinder part thereof to the crowne and so lap them vp in a knot or bundell within the said Botta which afterward they bind strongly vnder their throats Hereupon when a great company of such Gentlewomen ride together and are beheld a farre off they seeme to be Souldiers with Helmets on their heads carrying their Lances vpright for the said Botta appeareth like an Helmet with a Lance ouer it All their Women sit on horse-backe bestriding their Horses like men and they binde their hoods or gownes about their wastes with a sky-coloured Silke Skarfe and with another Skarfe they gird it aboue their breasts and they binde also a piece of white Silke like a Mufler or Maske vnder their eyes reaching downe vnto their breasts These Gentlewomen are exceeding fat and the lesser their noses be the fairer they are esteemed they dawbe ouer their sweet faces with grease too shamefully and they neuer lye in bed for their trauell of child-birth THe duties of Women are to driue Carts to lay their houses vpon Carts and to take them downe againe to milke Kine to make Butter and Gry-vt to dresse skinnes and to sew them which they vsually sew with thread made of sinewes for they diuide sinewes in slender threads and then twine them into one long thread They make Sandals and Socks and other Garments Howbeit they neuer wash any apparell for they lay that God is then angry and that dreadfull thunder will ensue if washed garments be hanged forth to dry yea they beate such as wash and take their garments from them They are wonderfully afraid of thunder for in the time of thunder they thrust all strangers out of their houses and then wrapping themselues in blacke Felt they lye hidden therein till the thunder be ouer-past They neuer wash their dishes or bowles yea when their flesh is sodden they wash the platter wherein it must be put with scalding hot broath out of the pot and then powre the said broath into the pot againe They make Felt also and couer their houses therewith The duties of the Men are to make Bowes and Arrowes Stirrops Bridles and Saddles to build Houses and Carts to keepe Horses to milke Mares to churne Cosmos and Mares Milke and to make bags wherein to put it they keepe Camels also and lay burthens vpon them As for Sheepe and Goats they tend and milke them as well the Men as the Women With Sheeps Milke thicked and salted they dresse and tan their Hides When they will wash their hands or their heads they fill their mouthes full of Water and spowting it into their hands by little and little they sprinkle their haire and wash their heads therewith As touching marriages your Highnesse is to vnderstand that no man can haue a Wife among them till he hath bought her whereupon sometimes their Maids are very stale before they be married for their Parents alwaies keepe them till they can sell them They keepe the first and second degrees of Consanguinitie inuiolable as wee doe but they haue no regard of the degrees of Affinitie for they will marrie together or by succession two Sisters Their Widowes marrie not at all for this reason because they beleeue that all who haue serued them in this life shall doe them seruice in the life to come also Whereupon they are perswaded that euery Widow after death shall returne vnto her owne Husband And here-hence ariseth an abominable and filthy custome among them namely that the Sonne marrieth sometimes all his Fathers Wiues except his owne Mother For the Court or House of the Father or Mother falleth by inheritance alwaies to the younger Sonne Whereupon he is to prouide for all his Fathers Wiues because they are part of his Inheritance as well as his Fathers possessions And then if he will he vseth them for his owne Wiues for he thinkes it no insurie or disparagement vnto himselfe although they returne vnto his Father after death Therfore when any man hath bargained with another for a Maid the Father of the said Damosell makes him a feast in the meane while she fleeth vnto some of her Kinsfolkes to hide her selfe Then saith her Father vnto the Bridegroome Loe my Daughter is yours take her wheresoeuer you can finde her Then he and his friends seeke for her till they can find her and hauing found her he must take her by force and carry her as it were violently vnto his owne house COncerning their Lawes or their Execution of Iustice your Maiestie is to bee aduertised that when two men fight no third man dare intrude himselfe to part them Yea the Father dare not help his owne Sonne But he that goes by the worst must appeale vnto the Court of his Lord. And whosoeuer else offereth him any violence after appeale is put to death But he must goe presently without all delay and he that hath suffered the iniury carrieth him as it were captiue They punish no man with sentence of death vnlesse he bee taken in the deed doing or confesseth the same But being accused by the multitude they put him vnto extreame torture to make him confesse the truth They punish murther with death and Carnall copulation also with any other besides his owne By his owne I meane his Wife or his Maid Seruant for he may vse his Slaue as hee listeth himselfe Hainous theft also or felony they punish with death For a light theft as namely for stealing of a Ram the partie not being apprehended in the deed doing but otherwise detected is cruelly beaten And if the Executioner layes on an hundred strokes hee must haue an hundred staues namely for such as are beaten vpon sentence giuen in the Court Also counterfeit Messengers because they feine themselues to be Messengers when as indeed they are none at all they punish with death Sacrilegious persons they vse in like manner of which kind of Malefactors your Maiestie shall vnderstand more fully hereafter because they esteeme such to bee Witches When any man dyeth they lament and howle most pittifully for him and the said Mourners are free from paying any tribute for one whole
they call him who hath the Office of entertayning Ambassadours In the euening Coiat commanded vs to come vnto him Then our Guide began to enquire what wee would present him withall and was exceedingly offended when hee saw that wee had nothing ready to present We stood before him and he sate maiestically hauing musick and dancing in his presence Then I spake vnto him in the words before recited telling him for what purpose I was come vnto his Lord and requesting so much fauour at his hands as to bring our Letters vnto the sight of his Lord I excused my selfe also that I was a Monke not hauing nor receiuing nor vsing any gold or siluer or any other precious thing saue onely our Bookes and the Vestments wherein wee serued God and that this was the cause why I brought no present vnto him nor vnto his Lord. For I that had abandoned mine owne goods could not be a transporter of things for other men Then he answered very courteously that being a Monke and so doing I did well for so I should oâ—serue my vow neither did himselfe stand in need of ought that we had but rather was ready to bestow vpon vs such things as we our selues stood in need of and hee caused vs to sit downe and to drinke of his Milke And presently after hee requested vs to say our deuotions for him and wee did so Hee enquired also who was the greatest Prince among the Francks And I said the Emperour if he could enioy his owne Dominions in quiet No quoth hee but the King of France For hee had heard of your Hignesse by Lord Baldwine of Henault I found there also one of the Knights of the Temple who had beene in Cyprus and had made report of all things which he saw there Then returned we vnto our Lodging And on the morrow we sent him a flaggon of Muscadell Wine which had lasted verie well in so long a Iourney and a boxe full of Bisket which was most acceptable vnto him And hee kept our Seruants with him for that Euening The next morning hee commanded mee to come vnto the Court and to bring the Kings Letters and my Vestments and Bookes with mee because his Lord was desirous to see them Which we did accordingly lading one Cart with our Bookes and Vestments and another with Bisket Wine and Fruits Then hee caused all our Bookes and Vestments to bee layd forth And there stood round about vs many Tartars Christians and Saracens on Horse-backe At the sight whereof hee demanded whether I would bestow all those things vpon his Lord or no Which saying made mee to tremble and grieued mee full sore Howbeit dissembling our griefe as well as we could we shaped him this Answere Sir our humble request is that our Lord your Master would vouchsafe to accept our Bread Wine and Fruits not as a Present because it is too meane but as a Benediction least we should come with an emptie hand before him And hee shall see the Letters of my Souereigne Lord the King and by them hee shall vnderstand for what cause we are come vnto him and then both our selues and all that wee haue shall stand to his courtesie for our Vestments bee holy and it is vnlawfull for any but Priests to touch them Then he commanded vs to inuest our selues in the said Garments that we might goe before his Lord and we did so Then I my selfe putting on our most precious Ornaments tooke in mine armes a very faire Cushion and the Bible which your Maiestie gaue mee and a most beautifull Psalter which the Queenes Grace bestowed vpon mee wherein there were goodly Pictures Mine Associate tooke a Missall and a Crosse and the Clerke hauing put on his Surplice tooke a Censer in his hand And so we came vnto the presence of his Lord and they lifted vp the Felt hanging before his doore that hee might behold vs. Then they caused the Clerke and the Interpreter thrice to bow the knee but of vs they required no such submission And they diligently admonished vs to take heed that in going in and in comming out wee touched not the threshold of the house and requested vs to sing a Benediction for him Then we entred in singing Salue Regina And within the entrance of the doore stood a bench with Cosmos and drinking cups thereupon And all his Wiues were there assembled Also the Moals or rich Tartars thrusting in with vs pressed vs sore Then Coiat carryed vnto his Lord the Censer with Incense which hee beheld very diligently holding it in his hand Afterward he carryed the Psalter vnto him which he looked earnestly vpon and his Wife also that sate beside him After that he carryed the Bible then Sartach asked if the Gospell were contayned therein Yea said I and all the holy Scriptures besides He tooke the Crosse also in his hand and demanded concerning the Image whether it were the Image of Christ or no I said it was The Nestorians and the Armenians doe neuer make the figure of Christ vpon their Crosses Wherefore either they seeme not to thinke well of his Passion or else they are ashamed of it Then hee caused them that stood about vs to stand aside that hee might more fully behold our Ornaments Afterward I deliuered vnto him your Maiesties Letters with the Translation thereof into the Arabicke and Syriacke Languages For I caused them to bee translated at Acon into the Character and Dialect of both the said Tongues And there were certayne Armenian Priests which had skill in the Turkish and Arabian Languages The aforesaid Knight also of the Order of the Temple had knowledge in the Syriake Turkish and Arabian Tongues Then wee departed forth and put off our Vestments and there came vnto vs certayne Scribes together with the foresaid Coiat and caused our Letters to bee interpreted Which Letters being heard hee caused our Bread Wine and Fruits to bee receiued And hee permitted vs also to carrie our Vestments and Bookes vnto our owne Lodging This was done vpon the Feast of S. Peter ad vincula THe next morning betimes came vnto vs a certayne Priest who was brother vnto Coiat requesting to haue our boxe of Chrisme because Sartach as he said was desirous to see it and so we gaue it him About Euenty de Coiat sent for vs saying My Lord your King wrote good words vnto my Lord and Master Sartach Howbeit there are certayne matters of difficultie in them concerning which he dare not determine ought without the aduice and counsell of his Father And therefore of necessitie you must depart vnto his Father leauing behind you the two Carts which you brought hither yesterday with Vestments and Bookes in my custodie because my Lord is desirous to take more diligent view thereof I presently suspecting what mischiefe might ensue by his couetousnesse said vnto him Sir we will not onely leaue those with you but the two other Carts also which we haue in
Whence the feare and trembling hauing beginning from furie dâ—e excite and inuite all necessitie vrgeth to withstand them the danger being neere the generall destruction of the world and specially of Christendome calls for speedie helpe and succour For this People is brutish and without law ignorant of humanitie yet followers and hath a Lord whom it obediently obserueth and worships and calls The God of the earth The men are of short stature but square and wâ—ll set rough and couragious at the becke of their Leader rushing on any difficulties haue broad faces frowning lookes horrible cries agreeing to their hearts They weare raw Hides of Oxes Asses or Horses with Iron plaâ—es sewed on for defensiue Armes hitherto but now with griefe we speake it out of the spoiles of conquered Christians they are more decently armed that in Gods anger wee may be the more dishonourably slayne by our owne weapons They are also furnished with better Horses fed with daintier fare adorned with fairer rayment The Tartars are incomparable Archers carrie sewed skins artificially made by which they passe Riuers and waters without losse When food fayles their Horses are sayd to be content with barkes and leaues of Trees and roots of Herbs whom yet they finde swift and hardy And we fore-seeing all those things often by Letters and Messengers are mindfull to request your excellence as also other Christian Princes earnestly solliciting and warning that peace and loue may flourish amongst Rulers and discord being appeased which often endamage Christendome agreeing together to set stay to them which haue lately shewed themselues forasmuch as fore-warned are fore-armed and that the common enemies may not reioyce that to prepare their wayes so great dissentions breake forth amongst Christian Princes Oh God how much and how often would wee haue humbled our selues doing the vtmost that the Roman Bishop might haue surceased from the scandall of dissention against vs which is gone thorow the World and would more temperately haue reuoked his passions from impetuous rashnesse that wee might beâ— able to quiet our subiects by right and rule them more peaceably nor that he would protect those Rebels the greatest part of which is by him fostered that things being setled and the Rebels awed against whom wee haue wasted much treasure and labour our power might bee aduanced against the common Enemies But Will being to him for a Law not ruling the slipperie running of his tongue and disdayning to abstayne from manifold dissention which he hath attempted by his Legats and Messengers hee hath commanded the Crosse to be published against mee the Arme and Aduocate of the Church which hee ought to haue exercised against the tyrannie of the Tartars or Saracens inuading and possessing the Holy Land whiles our Rebels insult and consult grieuously against our honour and fame And now that our greatest care is to free our selues from domestike and familiar Enemies how shall wee also repell Barbarians seeing that they by their spies which euery where they haue sent before they howsoeuer directed without Diuine Law yet well trayned in Martiall stratagems know the publike discord and the vnfortified and weaker parts of the Lands and hearing of the heart-burning of Kings and the strife of Kingdomes are more encouraged and animated O how much doth triumphing courage adde to strength Wee will therefore by Gods prouidence conuerted apply our strength and industrie to both that wee may driue away the scandall domesticall and barbarous on this side and on that from the Church And we haue expressely sent our deare sonne Conrade and other Princes of our Empire that they may powerfully withstand the assaults of our barbarous Enemies and represse their entrie And heartily wee adiure your Maiestie in behalfe of the Common necessitie by our Lord Iesus Christ that taking heed to your selfe and to your Kingdome which God keepe in prosperitie with instant care and prouident deliberation you diligently prepare speedy ayds of strong Knights and other armed men and Armes this we require in the sprinkling of the bloud of Christ and the league of affinitie in which wee are ioyned And so let them be ready with vs manfully and prouidently to fight for the deliuerance of Christendome that against the Enemies now proposing to enter the confines of Germanie as the Gate of Christendome by vnited forces victorie to the praise of the Lord of Hosts may be obtayned Neither let it like you to passe ouer these things with dissimulation or to suspend them by deferring For if which God forbid they inuade the Gerâ—ane confines without obstacle let others looke for the lightnings of a sudden tempest at the doores which we beleeue to haue hapned by Diuine Iudgement the world being diuersly infected the loue of many waxing cold by whom faith ought to be preached and conserued and their pernicious example stayning the world with Vsuries and diuers other kinds of Simoine and Ambition Let your Excellency therefore prouide and whiles the common enemies are outragious in the neighbour Regions wisely consult to resist them because they haue comne out of their Lands with this intent not regarding the perils of life that they might subdue to them which God auert all the West and may peruert and subuert the Faith and Name of Christ. And in respect of vnexpected victorie which hitherto by Gods permission hath followed them they are growne to that exceeding madnesse that now they thinke they haue gotten the Kingdoms of the World and to tame and subiect Kings and Princes to their vile seruices But wee hope in our Lord Iesus Christ vnder whose Standard wee haue hitherto triumphed being deliuered from our Enemies that these also which haue broke forth of their Tartarean seats their pride being abated by opposed forces of the West these Tartars shall be thrust downe to their Tartara or Hell Nor shall they boast to haue passed so many Lands ouercome so many peoples perpetrated so many mischiefes vnavenged when their vnwarie Destinie yea Sathan shall haue drawne them to the conquering Eagles of puissant Imperiall Europe to their deaths Where Germanie voluntarily raging and prone to Armes France the mother and nurse of Soulderie warlike and daring Spaine fertile England potent in men and a furnished Nauie Almaine full of impetuous Warriours Strip-strong Denmarke vntamed Italie Burgundie ignorant of Peace vnquiet Apulia with the Pyraticall and inuincible Iles of the Greeke Adriaticke and Tyrrhene Seas Creet Cyprus Sicil with the Sea neighbouring Ilands and Regions bloudie Ireland with nimble Wales marishie Scotland Icie Norway and euery Noble and famous Region in the West will cheerfully send their choise Soulderie vnder the Colours of the quickning Crosse which and not onely rebellious men but aduerse Deuils dread Dated in our returne after the yeelding and depopulation of Fauentia the third of Iuly Some Papalines suspected that the Emperour had hatched this Tartar-pestilence like Lucifer or Antichrist to get the Monarchie of the world and to subuert Christiany
DE MENDOSA MAgalianes was the first that discouered these Ilands hauing passed the straight which vnto this day beareth the tytle of his name and came vnto the Iland of Zubu whereas they did Baptise certaine of the Inhabitants and afterwards in a banquet the same Ilanders did kill him and other fortie of his companions which was the occasion that Sebastian de Guetaria a naturall Biskin borne for to escape with his life did put himselfe in a ship that remayned of the voyage which afterwards was named the Victorie and in her and with a few people that helped him with the fauour of God hee came vnto Siuill hauing compassed the whole world from the Orient vnto the Ponent a thing which caused vnto all men great admiration but in particular vnto the Emperour Charles the fift of famous memorie who after he had giuen many gifts and fauours vnto the sayd Sebastian de Guetaria he gaue order that a new Armie should bee made readie and to returne againe in demand of the sayd Ilands and to discouer that new world So when all things were in a readinesse for to depart on their Voyage the which was done with great breuitie they ordayned for Generall of all that fleete one Villa Lobos commanding him to goe by the Nuoua Espania The Villa Lobos arriued at the Ilands of Malucas and at those of Terrenate and at other Ilands joyning vnto them the which Ilands were layd to gage by the aforesayd Emperour vnto the Crowne of Portugall In these Ilands they had great warres by meanes of the Portugals and seeing themselues with little helpe and small resistance for to goe forwards with their conquest they left it off and went to the most part of them with the aforesayd Portugals vnto the India of Portugall from whence afterwards they sent them as prisoners vnto the sayd King of Portugall as offenders that had entred his Ilands without his licence who did not onely leaue to doe them any harme but did intreate them very well and sent them vnto their owne Countrey of Spaine and gaue them all things necessarie for their iourney and that in abundance Then certaine yeeres after Don Philip King of Spaine being very willing that the discouering should goe forwards which the Emperour his father had so earnestly procured sent and commanded Don Luys de Velasco who was his Vice-roy of the Nuoua Espania that hee would ordayne an armie and people for to returne and discouer the sayd Ilands and to send in the sayd fleete for Gouernour of all that should bee discouered Miguel Lopez de Legaspi who did accompilsh all that his Maiestie had commanded and made the discouerie thereof as followeth to bee declared When the Spaniards came vnto them they were without Lord or head or any other to whom they should shew dutie but hee which had most power and people did most command so that this and that there were so many of equall power was the occasion that ciuill warres continued without any resqect of nature kindred or any other dutie but like vnto bruite Beasts killing spoyling and captiuing one another the which was a great helpe vnto the Spaniards for to subiect that Country with so great ease vnto the King and called them the Ilands Philippinas in respect of his name They did vse amongst them to make Captiues and Slaues such as they did take in vnlawfull warres and for trifling matters the which God did remedie by the going thither of the Spaniards for you should haue a man with fortie or fiftie friends in his companie or seruants that vpon a sodaine would goe and set vpon a small Village of poore people and vnprouided and take and binde them all and carrie them away for Slaues without any occasion or reason and make them to serue them all the dayes of their life or else sell them to other Ilands And if it so chanced that one did lend vnto another a basket or two of Rice the which might bee worth a Ryall of plate with condition to returne it againe within ten dayes if the debtor did not pay it the same day the next day following hee should pay it double and afterward to double it euery day so long as he did keepe it which in conclusion would grow to bee so great that to pay the same hee is forced to yeeld himselfe for Captiue and Slaue But vnto all such as were captiued in this order or in such like the King of Spaine hath commanded to giue libertie yet this iust commandement is not in euery point fulfilled and accomplished because such as should execute the same haue interest therein All these Ilands were Gentiles and Idolaters but now there is amongst them many thousands Baptised vnto whom the King hath shewed great mercie in sending vnto them the remedie for their soules in so good time for if the Spaniards had stayed any more yeares they had beene all Moores at this day for that there were come vnto the Iland of Burneo some of that Sect that did teach them and lacked little for to worship that false Prophet Mahomet whose false peruerse and corrupt memory was with the Gospel of Christ easily rooted out In all these Ilands they did worship the Sunne and Moone and other second causes figures of men and women which are called in their Language Maganitos at whose Feasts which they doe make very sumptuous with great Ceremonies and Superstition they doe call Magaduras But amongst them all they haue in most veneration an Idoll whom they called Batala the which reuerence they had for a Tradition yet can they not say what should be the occasion that he should deserue more then any of the rest to be had in so great estimation In certayne Ilands not farre off called the Illocos they did worship the Deuill and made vnto him many Sacrifices in recompence of a great quantitie of Gold he had giuen vnto them but now by the goodnesse of God and the great diligence put and done by the Fathers of the Order of Saint Austin who were the first that passed into those parts and liued worthily and also by the Friers of Saint Francis which went thither ten yeares after all these Ilands or the most part of them are baptized and vnder the Ensigne of Iesus Christ and the rest which doe remayne and are not is more for lacke of Ministers and Preachers then for any obstinacie of their parts There is now gone thither certayne Fathers of the Order called Iesuits who will be a helpe vnto them with their accustomed zeale and labour And now goeth thither many other Religious men very well learned and Apostolike of the Order of Saint Dominicke who will doe their endeuour to conuert them vnto Christ as it behooueth Christians to doe They of these Ilands were accustomed to celerate their Feasts aforesaid and to make Sacrifices vnto their Idols by the order of certayne women which were Witches whom they doe cal in their
as it was they carryed it away It was not after such figure and manner as your Worship hath knowne mee but with a Beard an handfull long and a garment of a Learned honourable Chinois though downe to the foote and very modest but from the head to the foot farre differing from our fashion After the Eunuches had beene instructed three dayes the King in haste sent for the Clockes which they carryed and set in order before him whereat hee tooke such pleasure that he increased their Dignitie aduancing those foure which had learned this skill to a greater place of their Order The King asked them many questions of vs what wee did eate and how much and many other trifles Whereunto the Eunuches answered as they told vs afterward as wee could desire They gaue vs all the welcomes of humanitie which the King did shew vs appointing vs all to bee Mandarins which is the reward and felicitie of the Chinois which wee alwayes refused saying that we came not for that purpose but onely to dilate the Law of God neither could wee take that office vpon vs But we were so neere to bee made Mandarins that they told vs the King would bestow Dignitie vpon vs that wee were enforced to beseech the Eunuches that when occasion was offered that his Majestie did aske them any thing they would tell him plainely that we sought no kinde of Dignitie nor could become Mandarins who told him so much whereby our Lord God deliuered vs out of much trouble which wee should haue endured in refusing the same if the King had bestowed it vpon vs. Wee continued in these demands questions and answers goings and commings to the Kings Court for now we had liued a whole moneth abroad in which time euery day I at least was there when wee could not goe both because Father Matthew Riccio was occupied with other Ghests and visitations They enquired and asked vs what we would demand of the King Wee told them that we sought no profit at all but if the King would giue vs vnder his hand some certayne place and a House to dwell in we would bee very glad because wee had none other intent but to stay in some certayne place and to seeke to dilate the Law of God For though it bee true that our purpose did stretch it selfe further as I haue sayd in the beginnning yet wee found things in so different a disposition from that which we imagined that it seemed an exceeding great errour to make any motion to giue an entrance for more companie and Fathers for it was certayne that we should doe no good nor should finde any which by any meanes durst presume to mooue it to the King and assuredly should lose all that we had done and at last should cast our selues wholly out of the Kingdome and therefore it was not conuenient that we should bee knowne that we had any companions And many of our friends gaue vs counsell that wee should not seeme to seeke to dwell heere for in that very point they would haue vs in suspition Yet neuerthelesse we went as farre as we could and as we thought might bee brought to passe which was that we might haue the Kings license that no Mandarin might if hee would cast vs out The Mandarin to whom the King at the first had referred our businesse seeing the Eunuch had wholly medled in the same without him being much offended therewith did frowne altogether vpon vs and made a warrant out to take vs wheresoeuer they found vs vttering certayne grieuous words against vs because that being Strangers and remayning in the Court wee presented not our selues vnto him to whom of right belonged all the businesse of Strangers They were at the lodging where wee lay and they shut vp our Boyes for they neuer durst offer any discourtesie to Father Matthew Riccio which at that time was there At that time I was at the Kings Court whither they sought to send me word to speake with the Eunuches and that they if they could should aduertise the King thereof that they had apprehended vs. But they hindred with exceeding great care and diligence the going foorth of any bodie and they stayed for me till I came home which came home thinking no harme at all and when I was come in they shut the doore without Wee rode the next day very honourably on Horsebacke to the audience of the Mandarin and signified vnto him that in that we did not present our selues was not our fault hee vsed vs wâ—ll and honourably but they put vs in an house with a Guard where wee continued some three moneths yet so that certayne Mandarins came to see vs. This Mandarin gaue the King a remembrance that hee held vs there But that as our purpose was good to serue him with that present it was reason to giue vs some reward setting downe that it would doe well to giue vs the Ensignes of the Mandarins and to pay vs for that which wee had giuen him Royally but that it was fit to send vs away speedily into our Countrey or to Canton where vntill then wee had dwelt for it seemed not well that Strangers should dwell and that in the Kings Court entring into the Palace of the King euerie day being a thing so vnusuall And in very deed hee had reason for to suffer vs to enter into the Palace or to stay and lye there they did vs such a fauour that of long time the King of China hath neuer done to any Stranger Wee feared some trouble by this Petition But our Lord which had giuen vs this bitter morsell afterwards made it sweet to vs againe because the King made none account of it And albeit diuers times afterward the said Mandarin deliuered foure Petitions concerning this point hee made as small account of the last as of the first And diuers times the Eunuches told vs that the Kings meaning was of all likelihood that wee should stay heere For feare lest wee should returne into our Countrey to giue newes and knowledge of his Kingdome as they delt with a Turke which hath beene heere aboue fortie yeeres True it is that hee answered as little in performing nothing that was in the Petition But wee tooke it for good satisfaction that hee did not yeeld to that that we might not lose the other thing which was the principall When three moneths almost were spent seeing the businesse would bee prolonged if wee attended the Kings answer and being shut vp we could doe nothing nor negotiate any thing that we intended nor deale in Gods matters as we desired wee sought to get out of this place and to get a license to take a House and there to stay wayting till the King would giue some order and wee handled the matter so well by meanes of certaine Mandarins which fauoured vs and principally by the grace of our Lord that wee obtained our whole desire And we
as he sate in his Imperiall seat and the-also a famous Merchant of Netherland being newly come to Mosco who gaue him selfe out to be the King of Spaines subiect called Iohn de Wale was in like sort called for Some of the Nobilitie would haue preferred this subiect of the Spaniard before Master Horsey seruant to the Queen of England whereunto Master Horsey would in no case agree saying hee would haue his legges cut off by the knees before hee would yeelde to such an indignitie offered to his Soueraigne the Queenes Maiestie of England to bring the Emperour a present in course after the King of Spaines subiect or any other whatsoeuer The Emperour and the Prince Boris Pheodorowich perceuing the controuersie sent the Lord Treasurer Peter Iuanowich Galauyn and Vasili Shalkan both of the Counsell to them who deliuered the Emperour backe Master Horseys speech whereupon he was first in order as good reason admitted and presented the Emperour in the behalfe of the English Merchants trading thither a present wishing him ioy and long to raigne in tranquilitie and so kissed the Emperours hand he accepting the present with good liking and auouching that for his Sisters sake Queene Elizabeth of England he would be a gracious Lord to her Merchants in as ample manner as euer his Father had beene and being dismissed he had the same day sent him seauentie dishes of sundry kinds of meats with three carts laden with al sorts of drinks very bountifully After him was the foresaid subiect of the Spanish King admitted with his present whom the Emperor willed to be no lesse faithfull seruiceable vnto him then the Queen of Englands subiects were had been then the King of Spains subiects shold receiue fauor accordingly All these things thus in order performed prayses were sung in all the Churches The Emperour and Empresse very deuoutly resorted on foote to many principal Churches in the Citie and vpon Trinitie Sunday betooke themselues to a progresse in order of procession to a famous Monasterie called Sergius and the Trinitie sixtie miles distant from the Citie of Mosco accompanied with a huge armie of Noblemen Gentlemen and others mounted vpon goodly Horses with furniture accordingly The Empresse of deuotion tooke this iourney on foote all the way accompanyed with her Princesses and Ladies no small number her Guard and Gunners were in number twentie thousand her chiefe Counsellor or Attendant was a noble man of the bloud Royall her Vncle of great authoritie called Demetri Iuanowich Godonoua All this progresse ended both the Emperour and Empresse returned to Mosco shortly after the Emperour by the direction of the Prince Boris Pheodorowich sent a power into the Land of Siberia where all the rich Sables and Furres are gotten This power conquered in one yeere and a halfe one thousand miles In the performance of this warre there was taken prisoner the Emperour of the Country called Chare Sibersky and with him many other Dukes and Noble men which were brought to Mosco with a guard of Souldiers and Gunners who were receiued into the Citie in very honourable manner and doe there remaine to this day Hereupon the corrupt Officers Iudges Iustices Captaines and Lieutenants through the whole Kingdome were remooued and more honest men substituted in their places with expresse commandement vnder seuere punishment to surcease their old bribing and extortion which they had vsed in the old Emperours time and now to execute true iustice without respect of persons and to the end that this might be the better done their lands and yeerly stipends were augmented the great taskes customes and duties which were before laid vpon the people in the old Emperours time were now abated and some wholly remitted and no punishments commanded to be vsed without sufficient and due proofe although the crime were capitall deseruing death many Dukes and Noble men of great Houses that were vnder displeasure and imprisoned twentie yeeres by the old Emperour were now set at libertie and restored to their lands all prisoners were set at libertie and their trespasses forgiuen In summe a great alteration vniuersally in the gouernment followed and yet all was done quietly ciuilly peaceably without trouble to the Prince or offence to the Subiect and this bred great assurance and honour to the Kingdome and all was accomplished by the wisedome especially of Irenia the Empresse These things being reported and carried to the eares of the Kings and Princes that were borderers vpon Russia they grew so fearfull and terrible to them that the Monarch of all the Scythians called the Crim Tartar or great Can himselfe named Sophet Keri Alli came out of his owne Countrie to the Emperour of Russia accompanied with a great number of his Nobilitie well horsed although to them that were Christians they seemed rude yet they were personable men and valiant their comming was gratefull to the Emperour and their entertainment was honourable the Tartar Prince hauing brought with him his wiues also receiued of the Russe Emperour entertainment and Princely welcome according to their estates Not long after one thousand and two hundred Polish Gentlemen valiant Souldiers and proper men came to Mosco offering their seruice to the Emperour who were all entertayned and in like sort many Chirkasses and people of other Nations came and offered seruice And as soone as the report of this new created Emperour was spred ouer other Kingdomes of Europe there were sent to him sundrie Ambassadors to wish him ioy and prosperitie in his Kingdome thither came Ambassadors from the Turke from the Persian the Bogharian the Crim the Georgian and many other Tartar Princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperour of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his Coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperour was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter then Master Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would bee the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was That the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his Father and the Queenes Maiestie and her Subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to bee made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the Letters and Requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer Land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobskie and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought forthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffered to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by
Emperour and great Duke of all Russia Volademer Moskoe and Nouogrode King of Casan and Astracan Lord of Vobskoe great Duke of Smolenskoe Tuer Huder Vghory Perme Viatsky Bolgory c. Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the Low Countreyes of Chernigo Rezan Polotskey Rostoue Geraslaue Bealozera Leifland Oudorskey Obdorskey Condingskey King of all Syberia and the North Coasts Commander of the Countreyes of Iuersky Grysinsky and Emperour of Kabardiuskey of Chirkasky and of the whole Countrey of Garskey and of many other Countreyes and Kingdomes Lord and Emperour to know of his Maiesties health of England the Queene and Princes The second being a Captayne of Gunners the Emperours Guard named Kazriâ—e Dauydowich Beaheetchoue pronouncing the Emperour and Princes Title said hee was sent from them to know his Lordships health and vsage with the Kings Gentlemen The third was one of the Secretaries named Pheodor Boulteene obseruing the former order did deliuer what he had in command from the Emperor Prince and Empresse to informe the Embassador of their much fauour towards him and the Kings Gentlemen in prouiding for his Honourable entertayne and ease a faire large house to lodge in Also that they three were sent from the Emperour Prince and Empresse to be his Prestaues to supply the Emperours goodnesse toward him to prouide his necessaries and deliuer any sute it pleased the Ambassadour to make to the Emperour To all which the Embassadour very wisely gaue answere as they made report vnto the Emperour So we all presently mounted againe the Prestaues on either hand of the Ambassadour his Horse and Foot-cloth being led by his Page some small distance his Coach behind that and some sixe thousand Gallants after behind all who at the Embassadors riding through the guard that was made for him very courteously bowed himselfe Thus was he followed by thousands and within the three wals of the Citie many hundreds of young Noblemen Gentlemen and rich Merchants well mounted begirt the wayes on euery side diuers on foot also euen to the gate of the house where the Embassadour was to be lodged which was some two miles Whether being come he was brought into his Bed-chamber by the Noblemen his Prestaues where with many thankes for their honourable paines they were dismist betaking themselues to their further affaires The next morning came three other Prestaues with the former to know of his Lordships health and how he had rested the night past withall that if his Lordship wanted any thing they all or any one of them were as commanded so readie to obey therein These with the Interpreter and sixe Gentlemen were most within the walls lodged in a house ouer the gate besides we had fiftie Gunners to attend and guard vs in our going abroad The eight of October being the fourth day after our comming to Musco the Prestaues came to his Lordship to let him vnderstand they heard he should goe vp the next day wherefore they desired his speech and Embassage to the Emperour and the rather that the Interpreter might as they pretended translate it To this purpose very earnestly at seuerall times they made demand The Embassadour answered that he was sent from a mightie Prince to bee his Embassadour to their Emperour and being sent to their Master he deemed it not only a dishonour to him but a weaknesse in them to require that at his hands The â—leuenth of October his Lordship being sent for by his Prestaues there wayting hauing excellent Iennets for himselfe the Kings Gentlemen and good horses for the rest as likewise two gallant white Palfreis to carrie or draw a rich Chariot one parcell of the great Present with his followers and the Emperours guard carrying the rest on each side the streets standing the Emperours guard with Peeces in their hands well apparelled to the number of two thousand by esteeme many Messengers posting betwixt the Court and our Prestaues Thus with much state softly riding till we came vnto the vtmost gate of the Court hauing passed through the great Castle before there his Lordship dismounted Then met him a great Duke named Knase Andriay Metowich Soomederoue with certayne Gentlemen to bring him vp So in order as we rode we ascended the staires and a stone Gallerie whereon each side stood many Nobles and Courtiers in faire Coates of Persian Stuffe Veluet Damaske c. At the entry to the great Chamber two Counsellors encountred the Embassadour to conduct him through that Roome round about which sat many graue and richly apparrelled Personages Then we entred the Presence whether being come and making obeysance we staid to heare but not vnderstand a very gallant Nobleman named Peter Basman deliuer the Emperours Title Then the particular of the Presents and some other Ceremonies which performed the Embassadour hauing libertie deliuered so much of his Embassage as the time and occasion then affoorded After which the Emperour arising from his Throne demanded of the King of Englands health the Princes and Queenes then of the Embassadors and the Kings Gentlemen and how they had beene vsed since they entred within his Dominions to all which with obeysance wee answered as was meete Then the young Prince demanded the very same The Embassador hauing taken the Kings Letter of his Gentleman Vsher went vp after his obeysance to deliuer it which the Lord Chancellor would haue intercepted But the Embassadour gaue it to the Emperours owne hands and his Majestie afterwards deliuered it to the Lord Chancellor who tooke it and shewing the superscription to the Emperour and Prince held it in his hand openly with the Seale towards them Then the Emperour called the Embassadour to kisse his hand which he did as likewise the Princes and with his face towards them returned Then did hee call for the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which they after obeysance made did accordingly Afterwards his Majestie inuited his Lordship the Kings Gentlemen and the rest to dine with him as likewise Master I. Mericke Agent by name who gaue his attendance there on the Embassadour and was now as diuers times very graciously vsed of the Emperour and Prince no stranger that I euer heard off like him in all respects Being entred the Presence we might behold the excellent Majestie of a mightie Emperour seated in a Chaire of Gold richly embroydered with Persian Stuffe in his right hand hee held a golden Scepter a Crowne of pure Gold vpon his head a Coller of rich stones and Pearles about his necke his outward Garments of Crimson Veluet embroydered very faire with Pearles Precious stones and Gold On his right side on equall height to his Throne standing a very faire Globe of beaten Gold on a Pyramis with a faire Crosse vpon it vnto which before hee spake he turned a little and crost himselfe Nigh that stood a faire Bason and Ewer which the Emperour often vseth daily Close by him in another Throne sat the Prince in an
hee gaue the command of his Guard consisting of strangers to Captayne Gilbert a Scot to haue made one Buchenskoy a Learned and Religious Protestant his Secretarie and otherwise to haue beene so alienated from Russian manners and so well affected to Strangers that they conspired as aforesaid The people are said to haue entred the Castle which was a quadrant hauing a high bricke wall of seuen stories and another of stone and a Market place with stones in their pockets which are rare thereabouts and some with weapons Some report from Captayne Gilberts Relation that lying on his bed not long before his death as hee thought awake an aged man came to him which sight caused him to arise and come to Captayne Gilbert and his guard that watched but none of them had seene any thing Hereupon he returned to his Bed but within an houre after he againe troubled with like apparition called and sent for Buchinskie telling him that he had now twice seene an aged man who at the second comming told him that though for his owne person he was a good Prince yet the injustice and oppressions of his inferiour Ministers must bee punished and his Empire should bee taken from him In this perplexitie his Secretarie gaue him good and holy counsell saying till true Religion were there planted his Officers would bee lewd the people oppressed and God Almightie offended who perhaps by that Dreame or Vision had admonished him of his dutie The Emperour seemed much moued and to intend that good which that Countrey was not so happy to receiue For a few dayes after as that Relation auerreth his Russe Secretarie came to him with a Sword at which the Emperour jested and hee suddenly after sawcie speeches assaulted him with many other Grandes of that Conspiracie and like another Caesar slue him crying Libertie before his guards could apprehend the danger of which some were slaine but the most with Gilbert their Captayne got to a place called Coluga which with the helpe of some Russes they fortified and held for their defence Buchinskie the Secretarie was taken and imprisoned the strangers murthered the English except who haue in all changes been well beloued of the Russians as indeed they deserue hauing alway done good seruice to the Emperours And their interest saued the life of that worthy man Buchinskey which they requited with much obseruance to the succeeding Emperour Suiskey who comes next to be spoken of and first you shall haue his Letter to our Gracious Souereigne §. IIII. SVISKEY the Successour his Letter to our King describing the former DEMETRIVS his Acts and Tragedie The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiestie by Master Iohn Mericke The loue and mercie of God that guideth vs in the wayes of peace we glorifie with the Trinitie FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander of Voladomer Mosko Nouogrod King of Cazan and Astracan of Syberia Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko Twerskoy Yauharskoy Pearmskoy Vatskoy Bollharskoy and of other Lord and great Duke of Nouogroda of the Low Countrey of Cherneego Rezanskoy Polotskoy Rostouskoy Yereslaueskoy Bealozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and Commander of all the North parts also Lord of the Land of Eeuerskoy Cartalinskoy and ouer the Empire of the Gorgians of the Land of Cabardinskoy and Eeharskoy Land likewise of many other Lordships Lord and Commander To our beloued Brother Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland Wee giue to vnderstand that Sigismund King of Poland and great Duke of Letto in Anno 7109. did send vnto the late Emperour Boris his Embassadour named Lewis Sapeago being Chancelor of the great Dukedome of Poland requesting the said Emperour Boris that the former league and peace made and concluded vpon by the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia and him Sigismond King of Poland might be stedfastly holden and continued till the time of that league were expired As also that the Emperour Boris would inlarge the said league for thirtie yeeres more whereupon the Emperour Boris yeelded thus farre vnto the request of the King of Poland that hee would continue the old league till the full time were expired and assent to a new league for twentie yeeres more and to that effect he tooke an Oath to hold and keepe all the contents faithfully mentioned in the said Writing touching the same league and instead of the King of Poland his Embassadour Lewis Sapeagoe was sworne in the presence of the Emperour Boris And after the Polish Embassadour was departed from the Mosko the Emperour Boris sent vnto Sigismund King of Poland his Embassadour being one of the Priuie Councell called Michailo Zleabowich Sallteecoue with some others to end and finish the aforesaid league to the which league the King of Poland himselfe was sworne in the presence of the Emperours Embassadour to hold and keepe the said league faithfully according to the tenour of their Writing But not long after Sigismund King of Poland with one Pauarade entred into such a practise as be therein falsified his Oath and made way to the shedding of much Christian bloud First by retayning and vpholding one Gryshca Otreapyoue a Runnagate a Coniurer and one that left his profession being a Monke and ran away out of Russia into Poland and being come thither tooke vpon him to be the Son of the great Emperour Euan Vassilawich of famous memorie and by name Demetry Euanowich when as it was well knowne in our Kingdome that before he was shorne a Monke he was commonly called Yowshco Son to one Bowghdan Otreapyoue dwelling at a place called Galitts and when hee had committed much villanie to saue his life he shoare himselfe a Frier and so runne from one Monasterie to another and lastly came into a Monasterie called Chowdo where hee was made one of the Clearkes being so placed there by the Patriarke of Mosko himselfe But he did not leaue off his former life for he continued still in his most Deuillish actions as he did before he was shorne committing villany forsaking God and falling to the studie of the Blacke Arte and to many such like euils he was inclined Also there was found by him a Writing which shewed how he was falne from God and the same was made well knowne to the holy Patriarch of Mosko and of all Russia and to the Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and to all the holy Cleargie whereupon the said Rulers of our true Christian Faith which is from the Grecian Law for these his most vngodly works consulted to send him to perpetuall Prison there to end his life Whereupon this notorious Instrument of Satan perceiuing this his ouerthrow and that his vile practises were discouered ran away out of the Kingdome of Mosko beyond the borders and into Letto to a place
couenants and agreements the Generall Sandamersko himselfe hath confessed to our Maiestie and Nobles that the foresaid agreements and couenants betwixt him and the foresaid Gryshca were true and how that they trusted one to another moreouer the Palatine did certifie vnto our Nobles how Gryshca sent him a Letter vnder his owne hand and Seale in which he promised to giue him Smolensko with all the Prouinces belonging thereto and another place called Seeuerow as also gaue him liberty to set vp Monasteries and the Religion of the Church of Rome Further there was found by him Letters which were sent to him from the Pope of Rome and the Cardinals and Priests to that effect that he should remember and withall be mindefull to take in hand speedily those matters and businesse vpon which he had giuen to Sigismund and the Cardinals his troth and vow the which was as beforesaid to be himselfe of the Romish Religion as also to bring all the people of the Kingdome of Russia into the same Romish Religion not onely them that of themselues were willing thereto but also others by compulsion and to put them to death that fought to contrary the same And not onely them of the Kingdome of Russia but likewise other godly people of seuerall Religion and that doe serue in the Kingdome of Mosco as the Catholicks and the Caluinists them likewise he should seeke to bring into the Romish Religion with all perswasions Moreouer Gryshca himselfe before vs and our Nobles and Courtiers and before our Commons did acknowledge as much and thereupon yeelded himselfe to be in fault as also that he did all with helpe of the Diuell hauing forsaken God For which these his vile actions this Gryshca according to the true iustice receiued an end to his life and was by abundance of people slain in the Mosco where he lay three dayes in the midst of the Citie to the view of all such like vsurpers and disturbers And because his body was loathsome vnto vs we caused it to be carried out of the Citie and there to be burnt This Enemie thus hauing ended his life then the Kings sonnes of diuers Countries now dwelling within our Kingdome with the Patriarke Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops with the Nobles Courtiers and the Commons made entreaty vnto vs Vasili Euanowich to raigne and gouerne ouer them and ouer all the Kingdome of Mosco as their Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia According to which entreatie made vnto vs by the said Kings sons of diuers Countries as likewise by our Nobles Courtiers Merchants and all the rest of the Commons of all the Kingdome of Mosco Wee are come to the great Kingdomes of Volodemar Mosco Nouogrod and as also of the Kingdomes of Cazan Astracan and Siberia and ouer all the Prouinces of the Empire of Mosco as also wee the great Lord Emperour and great Duke of all Russia are crowned with our Imperiall Crown and for the said Kings sonnes of diuers Religions and our Nobles Courtiers and Souldiers and all manner of People doe serue our Imperiall Maiesty with desire and good liking voluntarily and not by delusions and coniurations as the Poles and Lettoes were bewitched by Grishca But we the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vasili Euanowich with great care stayed and restrayned our People from the spoyle of the Poles and the Lettoes defending them from death and withall haue commanded to let goe many of them into Poland and Letto but the chiefest of them that were of the Councell and that practised to bring trouble and dissention in the Kingdome of Mosco are now taken And we to doe an honour vnto the dead body of the true Demetrie haue vpon conference with our Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and all the holy Assembly our Nobles and Courtiers and all the Kingdome of Mosco sent to the Citie of Owglets a Metropolitan named Filareta of Rostoue and Yeraslaue who was called before he was made Metropolitan Theodor Neekete which being one of the Nobles in times past and with him the Archbishops of Astracan called Feodosia and our Nobles the Duke Euan Michalowich Vorotinskoy with the rest of his fellowes commanding them to bring vp with them the body of the Prince Demetrie Euanowich who was murthered by the appointment of Boris Godonoue and to bring it vp to our Citie of Mosco with great honour which body shall be buried in the principall Church of Mosco called Michael the Archangel neare to his father the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilowich of famous memorie and by Gods power his body shall not be touched or abused any manner of way Likewise will we by the fauour of God honour the Funerall of Demetrie Euanowich with speciall solemnitie which body performeth many cures and worketh miraculously vnto them that come to him with Faith to be cured of their diseases And now most louing and deare brother wee calling well to minde the great amitie and friendship that was betwixt the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich and his Sonne Theodor Euanowich the Emperour Boris and the great Lady Queene Elizabeth the like brotherly loue doe we desire to haue with you most louing and deare brother to be established and continued betwixt vs as it was with them during our liues Therefore may it please you our louing brother Iames King of England after the hearing of these great and strange dangers past to reioyce with vs that he hath deliuered from such a vile enemy and that he our mercifull God hath diuided and scattered that wicked counsell and that he hath turned their cruelty vpon their owne head to their shame and confusion And concerning your Merchants that were in our Kingdome Iohn Merricke with his fellowes we haue graced them with our Emperiall presence as also haue giuen vnto the said Iohn Merricke and his fellowes a new priuiledge and Letters of fauour by which they shall come into our Kingdome and to traficke with all manner of goods freely without paying any Custome whatsoeuer and as to them was granted in former time and this fauour we haue giuen them to manifest vnto you our louing Brother our Brotherly loue And the reason that we haue not sent to you louing brother our Embassadour is because we had not time in regard of many our Emperiall affaires but hereafter doe purpose to send to visite you in your Kingdome Written at our Emperiall palace and Citie of Mosco from the beginning of the World Anno 7114. the fourth day of Iune Thus is Demetrius painted out by his Enemies which perhaps were not altogether led with simplicitie of truth but in many things made him worse that they might make their owne cause bad enough to appeare better They tell also of great outrages committed by the Poles like those sometimes here in England by the Danes their proud insulting ouer the men rauishments of women fetching them out of their houses and
first approcâ— demanding where our ship was it was told him in what strange manner it stole away and forsooke vs he then asked what we intended to doe to which we all answered that we would be ruled by our Officers hereupon hee inquired of them what they would haue him to doe in their behalfes they requested nothing else at his hands but onely his fauourable Passe through the Countrie and a ship to carry vs forward into Sweden to which request hee made answere that he could grant no such licence vntill he had made the King of Denmarke acquainted with our being there for the Iland belonged to the King he said and he was no more but an Officer or Substitute vnder him Yet in consideration that our ship had so left vs in a strange Land he promised to doe all that lay in his power to effect our good but withall told vs that the people had inward feares and were possest with suspitions that our intents of landing vpon such a Coast were not as we our selues affirmed only to get foode but rather to make spoile of the poore Inhabitants And therefore to remooue all such feares and iealousies out of the peoples hearts he held it most conuenient for the generall safeties of both parties to separate our numbers and to spreade vs abroad in the Countrie one and one in a house where it was agreed that we should receiue both a lodging and meate and drinke vntill hee had sent to the King of Denmarke some of his owne men with our Officers to vnderstand his Maiesties pleasure and what should become of vs. To this we all agreed and accordingly for that purpose were by the Lord Gouernour safely by these armed horse-men which were his guard conducted to his owne house To that place were al the people of the Iland summoned together they came at the appointed day to the number of fiue or six hundred circling vs round with Bils Holbards two-hand Swords and diuers other weapons And at the first sight of vs grew into such rage that presently they would haue cut all our throats and hewed vs to pieces but that the authoritie of the Gouernor kept them from offering violence yet was hee faine to vse the fairest meanes of perswasion to allay their furie For they would not beleeue but that our arriuall there was to destroy them Yet the Gouernour shewed vnto them all our number which was but three hundred men and those all vnweaponed and so consequently neither likely nor able to vndertake any mischiefe against them Charging the vnruly multitude vpon paine of death not to touch the least finger of vs but to diuide vs equally into seuerall Villages as it should seeme best vnto them and so bestow kinde and louing entertainment vpon vs till they heard further from him which command of his they accordingly performed Immediately vpon this setling of them and vs in quietnesse one of our Officers with two of the Gouernours men were sent away to the King of Denmarke to vnderstand his Highnesse pleasure which Messengers were no sooner dispatched about the businesse but the Ilanders growing more and more suspitious came againe to the Gouernour and neuer would cease or giue ouer troubling him vntill they had gotten him to make Proclamation in hearing of vs all That if any of vs would freely discouer the true cause of our landing vpon that Coast and reueale the plots of any dangerous enterprise intended against them he should not onely be rewarded with great store of money and haue new apparell to his backe but also should without tortures imprisonment or death be set free and sent backe againe into his owne Countrie This Proclamation strucke vs all with feare and astonishment because albeit we to our selues were not guiltie of any plot or villany intended to the place or people yet wee knew this might be a meanes to endanger all our liues how innocent soeuer Our suspition of danger fell out according to our feares for one Thomas Griffyn a Welch man one of our owne company went and kneeled before the Gouernour and with a face counterfeiting a guiltinesse and fearefull destruction told him that we came thither onely and for no other purpose then to surprise the Iland kill the Inhabitants make spoile of their wiues and goods and hauing set fire of their Townes and Villages to flye to Sea againe Yet for all this would not the Gouernour beleeue him telling him it was a matter very vnlikely that so small a number so distressed for want of foode so weather-beaten and so disarmed should venture vpon an enterprise so full of dangerous euents but the villaine replyed that all those complaints of want were but songs to beguile the people for that vpon the least Allarum giuen other ships that lay houering at Sea and furnished both with men and armour would on the sudaine and that very shortly land for the same desire of spoyle as these their fellowes had done and therefore counselled the Gouernour to preuent such imminent mischiefes betimes The Gouernour being thus farre vrged presently called before him Lieutenant Walton whose lodging was appointed in his house and hauing related to him all that Griffin had discouered and withall demanding of Lieutenant Walton what he could say to this matter of treason and conspiracie the Lieutenant at the first stood amazed and vtterly denied any such intended villany protesting by the faith of a Souldiour that this report of the Welch-man proceeded from the rancour of a vile traitors heart and therefore on his knees intreated the Gouernour not to giue credit to so base a villaine who for the greedinesse of a little money went about to sell all their liues and to make all the inhabitants of the Iland become murderers The rest lay scattered about and knew nothing of the matter Now soone after iust as the traitor had told the Gouernour that more ships were not farre off but were ready to second vs vpon our arriuall it chanced that in the very heat of this businesse and their feares of danger where none was two other shippes full of armed Souldiers came to the same place of the Iland where our shippe put in These two ships had brought Souldiours out of the low Countries a cessation of warres being there and were going into Swethland as we were but by crosse windes and fowle weather lay so long at Sea that wanting victuals they were driuen in hither for succour Whose sudaine approach and ariuall being signified to the Lord Gouernor the Welch-mans words were then thought true all the Iland was presently vp in Armes to resist the strength and furie of a most dangerous supposed enemy and so secretly did the Inhabitants put on Armes that we who were kept like prisoners amongst them knew not of these vproares But night approaching the Generall gaue speciall charge that secret watch should be set and kept ouer euery Souldior that lodged in any mans house which
Gracae permittimus earumque secundum constitutiones Patrum Sanctorum tuebimur in nullo puncto violandam immutandam Et vniuersam vener abilium Patrum Ministrorâ—m Dei Confessariorum vestrorum Coronam debito in honore sumus habituri Heroes Aulicos cuiuscunque sortis alios deligere promouere patriam possessionem pecunialem aliamque omnem prouisionem à nemine abalienando sed suum vnicuique attribuere promittimus secundum antiquam consuetudinem insuper nostra Imperatoria prouisione vnumquemque secundum ipsius dignitatem merita promouere Qui autem in malitia contâ—macia sua perseuerare non cessabunt ij Deum Opt. Max. â—astissiman eius Genitricem strictissimo illos gladâ—o punituros certo sciant nostrum Imperatorium beneuolum animum in iram vindictam mutatum experientur Non vult enim Deus Omnipotens vt ob malitiam contumaciam Rebellium innocentium vlterius sanguis effundatur Templa Dei spolientur gloria sancti Nominis eâ—us magis ac magis deprimatur Vos omnes apud animum vestrum diligentius perpendite his qui adhus nobis tergiuer santur renunciate vt animo mutato ad veritatis agnitionem redeant seditiosos pacis publicae diremptores reliquant Iam vero ad quas Arces Ciuitates hae literae nostrae peruenerint Mandamus vt eorum Capitanei Tenutarij omnia ad victum necessaria pecuniam colligant in paratisque habeant ad nostrum aduentum Interea Exercitus sacrae Regiae Maiestatis Domini Parentis nostri nostrique proprij ne vllum detrimentum patiantur sed vna in fraterno amore quoad venerimus viuatis Et donec Opt. Max. ex mera gratia sua nostraque Imperatorium cura diligentia toto Imperio Moscouitico firmato restaurato vobis petiri concesserit Dabantur Varsourae Anno Domini 1612. 9. die Martij The points of the Embassage of the Russian Messenger sent to his sacred Maiestie briefly collected BY what manner their naturall Lords ruled ouer them they alleaged to wit beginning from Borâ—k who was of the bloud of Augustus Caesar Emperour of Rome euen vnto the last Lord and Emperour Pheodor Euanowich in whom their Race ceased That Boris Godonoue abiding with Pheodor Euanowich was created by his owne force and power Emperour or Lord but after a little time the pleasure of God so working being thrust-out of the Imperiall seate departed this life shamefully and by violent death together with his Wife and Children That Christophorus Otropitij the Rostrige being of base descent vnder the Name which he did beare of Emperour otherwise Demetrij Euanowich slaine at Owglets did fraudulently and by deceit wherewith he deceiued the common people and others that beleeued them obtaine the Imperiall Seate by force without the consent of the Spiritualtie and all the chiefe Bishops and Lords and great men of the Kingdome who durst not withstand the same seeing the Commons to yeeld thereunto How the excellent Lord Palatin of Sandomire gaue his daughter in marriage to the Rostrige and himselfe many Gentlemen both of the Kingdome of Poland and great Duchy of Litow accompanying him came into Moscouia Then that Vasili Euanowich Suiskey with his brethren and many others associated to this attempt and stirring vp other great men of the Land did kill the Rostrige with many Gentlemen of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and put the rest into diuers Castles And himselfe was made Emperour although he were not elected by all the States Whereupon many of our sort did not willingly acknowledge him Emperour and many would not obey him How another named the Wor did rise vp at Kalusia and caused himselfe to bee named Demetrij and so accounted Whereof when many both Russes and Poles heard they assembled vnto him thinking him to be the true Demetrij and the Russes did so much the more willingly draw vnto him because of the murtherers How others called Wors did name and call themselues sonnes of the slaine Emperour as Iuan Peter Pheodor and by many and diuers other names and vnder the same names did consume the State and shead much bloud How the Kings sacred Maiestie comming to Sâ—olensko sent his Messengers the Lord of Praemislaue and other noble men who comming vnto the Campe the forenamed Wors fled away but diuers of the Russes came vnto his Maiestie And taking counsell with the Boiarins at that time remayning with Suiskey in the chiefe Citie we sent our Messengers to his Maiestie at that time being at Smolensko viz. Michael Salticoue and others requesting that his Maiestie would grant vs his Sonne to be our Lord. How they were dispatched away and what answere they brought from his Maiestie with conditions engrossed and signed with his hand and seale How that after the deposing of Suiskey the noble Lord Generall of the Kingdome comming into Moscouia concluded all the said businesses and treaties and confirmed them with the oath of himselfe and his fellow Souldiers And that they after that oath likewise made their oath for the same Then that for the greater defence of the said principall Citie from the Wors they sent Souldiers into the Citie and sent also their Messengers from the whole Countrie Fidareta the Metropolitan and Vasili Galichin with others vnto the Kings Maiestie and required an oath in his Maiesties behalfe of all the seuerall Prouinces How that his Maiesties Souldiers dwelled and behaued themselues in this capitall Citie of Mosco before the troubles began without iniuring any man punishing the euill according to their deserts How the Boiarins handled other Gentlemen and principall persons of the Russe Religion although more inclined vnto them but especially the Officers and Seruants of the Wors as also such as had fled ouer It followeth how they often sent word vnto the Citie of Smolensko and willed them to deliuer vp the Citie vnto his Maiestie to bee vnder his prosperous gouernment and power As for the secret plots of their Messengers Galechin and others they said they were ignorant as also of some vnknowne practises handled with the Wor called Halusin But they said that they had written very often to the Citie of Smolensko and commanded them to doe whatsoeuer stood with his Maiesties pleasure and liked him without further effusion of bloud How also it befell in the chiefe Citie to Lepun and Saâ—usky and the other Rebels when they violated their fidelitie That they certified his Maiesties Souldiers thereof and that they with them did rise against the Rebels and that euen to this present they doe keepe and will keepe their oath once made and their due obedience vnto their Lord. And in that Lepun was punished of God for his treacherie and departed this life with so shamefull a death wee thinke it to bee for the good example of others to reduce them into their former estate to reuoke others vnto their
fidelitie and for keeping their oath alreadie giuen Therefore after many circumstances they inferred that they would presently send their Messengers to the generall Parliament but mooued with the perswasion of the honorable Lord Generall to wit that his Maiestie would bee contented with their fidelitie once made and performed vnder oath and with their griefe for the same cause and will cheerefully forgiue them and doth not refuse to giue his Sonne to raigne ouer them Adding withall that many Kingdomes to wit the Kingdome of Hungarie the Kingdome of Bohemia and a great part of Russia doe earnestly request that he would receiue them vnder the happy gouernment of his Maiestie that they might enioy the priuiledges of Poland and Litow to which none in the whole world can be compared But because his Excellent Maiestie as a Christian Lord reiecting all other Kingdomes and Dominions will graciously receiue vnder his Rule and gouernment the said Dominions and that he is sorry for their destruction he therefore now admonisheth them if they will bee vnder his prosperous Rule and enter into an vnion together with the Kingdome of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and liue friendly with them if they will performe and consent therevnto His Excellent Maiestie promiseth to remit their offence and to receiue them vnder his happy gouernment and authoritie and refuseth and by no meanes will alter or change their faith and conscience or places dedicated vnto God or builded for deuotion neither will impose on them any other Religion or alter their ancient Manners or Customes but will bestow on them priuiledges and offices and that the Rights and Priuiledges which the Poles with the great Duchy of Litow doe enioy shall be conferred on them and that they shall be equalled with the Kingdome and great Duchy of Litow c. which iurisdictions and priuiledges in former times their Predecessors wanted For this perswasion therefore of the honourable Lord Generall which he had in charge from his Maiestie to make they yeeld all thankes but notwithstanding they propound and plainly adde that their oath shall be so that his Maiesties sonne shall succeed in their gouernment with certaine additions to wit that they will haue none other ouer them but onely his Maiesties sonne and that the whole Land doth make it knowne and propound their iudgement and sentence by way of denunciation that by no meanes but by offering his Maiesties sonne these troubles of Moscouia can be extinguished Adding withall that at that time in the first troubles when the honourable Lord Generall came into the Country of Moscouia and required the oath for the Kings Maiesties sonne if his Maiestie had made any mention thereof it is certaine that the Commons and all the Nobilitie would not haue consented thereunto by any meanes and that greater effusion of bloud had risen thereupon And that they had taken for their Prince Klutzinsky called the Wor to whom all were not assembled who also at that time had a great power of men as well of Poles as Russes and Litowes They therefore seeing the great discord amongst the people taking counsell did freely choose for their Lord and Emperour his Excellent Maiesties sonne vnto whom they had a great affection and who had a long time before layen in their hearts assuring themselues also that by this election of his Maiesties sonne many troubles and dissentions would be pacified and so reiected the aforesaid Wor Klutzinsky As also they receiued into their chiefe Citie the chiefe Generall But when it was heard that his Excellent Maiestie would by no meanes giue vnto them his sonne for their Lord and to rule ouer them they fell into such effusion of bloud and insurrections As also the same time the whole Country of Moscouia looked and expected nothing else then his Maiesties sonne Calling to memorie for their better aduice that it was to be feared least whilest his Maiestie came too late with his sonne diuers parts of the Land should choose vnto themselues seuerall Lords As to the Southward the Castles Strachen and others to the King of Persia part of Pomerland and Siberia to the Kings of Denmarke and England Nouogrod Plesco Iuanogrod and others to the King of Sweden and that the other Cities would choose to themselues other Lords separate from the rest In the meane season they desire his Excellent Maiestie to make a speedy end of these warres according to his Obligation and promise ratified by the oath of the honorable Lord Generall and the whole Armie and that his Maiestie himselfe with his sonne would come into Moscouia They request also that his Excellent Maiestie would retayne with himselfe and his Sonne Counsellors and Messengers of their Commonwealth for the ordayning and concluding of perpetuall Conditions They request also that his Maiestie in the name of his Sonne would send vnto all the Inhabitants of the Townes and write vnto the seuerall Cities signifying his comming into their Dominions and willing that out of the seuerall Prouinces all sorts of men send their Messengers to treate and conclude of the affaires of all sorts of People and of peâ—petuall tranquillitie Promising after the said Charge and Letters to all people in generall and notifying from their said Lord that by Gods grace there may bee throughout the whole Land of Moscouia tranquillitie peace and securitie To conclude they pray heartily vnto the Lord God to grant vnto his Maiestie in this businesse begun a prosperous and speedy end Thus haue wee seene dissolute resolutions or resolute dissolutenesse men onely constant in inconstancy resolued vpon irresolution As we often see sicke persons turning euery way and no way eased in the night time longing for day and in the day for night such was now the Russian sicknesse they would and they would not and yet would againe and againe would not they scarsly knew what or why fluctuating in an inward storme of diuersifyed hopes feares desires distracted affections no lesse then in that outward broile of State For it was not long that they looked toward Poland whether for breach of conditions of that part or out of inueterate hate to the Pole or their Nationall iealousie and distrust of Strangers or a naturall inconstancy they fell off from that Prince and their Chancellor Father to the now raigning Emperour employed there with others in Embassage were detayned thereupon prisoners It is also reported that they made secret ouertures to His Maiestie of Great Britaine and that Sir Iohn Merick and Sir Willam Russel were therein employed but the strong conuulsions and sharpe agues and agonies of that State could not or would not endure the lingring of such remote pâ—isicke the wheele of Things being whirled about before such a Treatie might admit a passage of Messengers to and fro Once that Russian Head grew so heady and giddy that at last it bred innumerable Heads yea the whole Body became Heads in the worst of tyrannies a popular
make them his heires of Heauen which models of Deity seeke to establish the peace of God vpon Earth And let it not seeme tedious here to present these His Majesties Trauels amongst our other Trauellers but in a more glorious manner lâ—ker to God vnmoueable which moueth all things who hath not only been our Sunne and with lightsome heate and influence filled our Brittish Hemisphere but hath dispersed his bright rayes of Light and warmed with sweet quickning beames of heat those remoter frozen Climates of Sweden and Russia not to mention or but to mention the quarrels of Denmarke and Sweden and after their long frostie Night such is the nature such was the state of those States to reduce the faire day-light of Peace the warmth whereof hath thawed the Icie hardned hearts of Enmity and filled all things with sweets and cheere of a returning Spring Nulla salus bello pacem te poscimus omnes CHAP. X. A briefe Copie of the points of the Contracts betweene the Emperours Maiestie and the Kings Maiestie of Sweden at Stolboua the seuen and twentieth of February 1616. INprimis and especially that all matters by set aside forgotten pacified and renounced which passed these former yeeres since the conclusion of peace at Taffina in the yeere 7003. betweene the former great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia and afterwards our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Phedorowich of all Russia Sam. his Imperiall Maiestie and Empire of Russia and betweene their late high mightie Lord King Charles the Ninth of Sweden the aboue named Kings Maiesties highly honored and beloued Father especially their high mighty Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden his Kingly Maiesty and the Crowne of Sweden As also both the Princes their Dominions Lands Cities and people chance or hap of the Subiects which happened or was done by robbery burning killing or other enmities whatsoeuer might bee or by whom it was done that all those griefes and troubles in all matters shall be set aside and hereafter not be reuenged or remembred of neither party for euer and by this present strong conclusion of peace betwixt our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Pheodorowich of all Russia Sam. and betwixt their great mightie Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden c. and of other Dominions Lands Castles aswell those of old as those which by this conclusion of peace are giuen and yeelded vp and betwixt all the Subiects and people to bee renewed established confirmed and held vnremoueable in the manner of a peace for euer and euer and sure friendship perpetually Also that the Emperours Maiesty and the Kings Maiesty shall desire one anothers best in all matters and neyther seeke a better friend but to deale faithfully and truly in all matters reciprocally 2. Item is giuen vnto our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaelo Pheodorowich of all Russia Sam. his heires successors and hereafter comming great Lords Emperors and great Dukes of all Russia and the Empire thereof by their great Lord King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden for himselfe his successors and hereafter being Kings of Sweden and for the whole Crowne of Sweden doth deliuer and cleere by the power of this conclusion of peace these Castles of the Empire in Russia with the Townes and Suburbs which were taken in these yeeres namely great Nouogrod Stararousse Porcoue Lodiga Odo with their Territories Somerskey Volost with the Villages belonging to the Emperors Houshold to Metropolie Monasteries Gentlemens Lands Inheritances Farmes with all their profits and reuenues according to former Borders and Limits except those Castles which the Emperours Maiestie doth yeeld by power of this Contract of peace as hereafter more certainly shall be exprest 3. Item The Kings Maiestie of Sweden doth giue vnto the Emperours Maiestie with the aforesaid Castles and Townes all manner of Church ornaments which are in the Church of Sophia The Sapience of God and within all Churches and Monasteries in Nouogrod and in other Castles and Townes which the Kings Maiesty hath giuen to the Emperour's Maiesty without carrying any thing away Also the Kings Maiesty doth giue the Metropolite and all the Spiritualtie with all their goods as also all manner of Russe people what calling soeuer they be which are in those Townes Castles and Territories dwelling now or planting themselues there with their Wiues Children and all their goods whatsoeuer any hath As also the Kings Maiesty shall giue all manner of Writings and Bookes which are in those Castles and Townes to be found in Roserades iudgement houses or elsewhere with all Russe Ordnance Munition and Prouisions there belonging and the Bells in those aforesaid Castles and Townes in such manner as they were the twentieth of Nouember last past according to agreement made with the Kings most excellent Maiesty of Great Britaines Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merick except those Bells which the people of Nouogrod themselues did sell after that agreement for the payment of Souldiers and were carried away from Nouogrod but those Bells which the Kings seruants and people did take perforce without buying shall be in right manner sought out and brought backe againe to Nouogrod and restored there Also which Bells the Kings Maiesties people bought at Nouogrod it shall bee free for the Nouogrod men to redeeme them backe againe at the same price they sold them for and the Kings people hereafter shall not buy any more Bells of the people of Nouogrod by no meanes whatsoeuer 4. Item the Kings Maiesties people of Sweden at their departure out of the Emperours Maiesties Castles and Towns aforesaid namely great Nouogrod Stararouse Porcoue Lodaga Somersko Volosco c. shall vse no violence to the Emperors Maiesties people by burning robbing or killing neyther carry any Russe people with them to the Kings Maiesties side neither men nor women nor children nor any of their goods and if any goods remayne of the Swethish people at their going out of the aforesaid Towne which at that time they cannot take all with them such goods shall be kept in safetie by those with whom they are left till such time as euery one of them shall come thither for his owne goods or send some bodie for them and these people shall haue free libertie to goe without all molestation or let to come for their goods and to returne againe at their owne conuenient time 5. Item the Kings Maiesties Gouernours and Officers shall deliuer vnto the Emperours Maiesties Voyauodes and Commanders the aboue named Townes and Castles to say great Nouogrod Stararouse Porcoue with their Territories and Somerskey Volost in presence of the great Lords Iames King c. his Maiesties great Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merike Knight c. or the said Kings Maiesties Gentlemen the which the aboue said great Ambassadour shall send to that end clensing and giuing ouer the said Castles and Townes two weekes after this contract is confirmed betweene vs both great Commissionors by Writings Hand
Seale and Kissing of the Crosse of our side and on their part by oath vpon the holy Euangelists 6. And after that the Castle of Lodiga and Territories shall bee deliuered to the Emperours Maiesties Messengers by the Kings Maiesties Gouernour three weekes after the confirmation of this contract in presence of the abouesaid great Lords Iames King c. his Gentlemen which to that purpose the great Ambassadour shall send then the said Castle and Prouince to be redeemed and giuen vp with all the Russe Ordinance people thereto belonging none to be carried away nor no violence to bee offered them by robbing or otherwise spoyling of them nor no Russe Ordnance to bee carried away But the Castle of Odow and Prouince and people is to remayne on the Kings Maiesty Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden for a time till this contract of peace be confirmed by both the Potentates by their Writings by the Emperours Maiesty with the Seale of the Empire and by the Kings Maiesties hand and Seale of the Kingdome of Sweden as also by the Emperours Maiesties kissing of the Crosse and the Kings Maiesties Oath vpon the holy Euangelists confirmed and the borders diuided and measured out iustly And the Ambassadour which both the Princes shall send to that effect hauing beene with both the Princes shall returne againe to the borders hauing well concluded the busines as then two weeks after that time the Emperors Maiesties Voyauodes and Commanders which his Maiestie shall send for the receiuing of the said Castle and Prouince of Odow from Vlasquo shall receiue the said from the Kings Maiesties Gouernours with all the Russe people and Ordnance with all their goods and what they haue and as long as the Castle of Odow is on the Kings Maiesties side all the people of Odow and the Prouince thereof shall giue vnto the Kings Maiesty their former Corne and doe seruice as before for the mayntayning of those Souldiers that remayne there the Kings Maiesties people in the meane time shall do to those people of Odow no violence nor robbery neyther carry any Russe people or Ordnance from thence nor cause any to be conueighed away 7. Item the Kings Maiestie G.A. c. best beloued brother Prince Charles Phillip Prince hereditarie of S. c. shall hereafter lay no claime or challenge to these Castles and Townes namely great Nouogrod Porcoue Stararouse Somerskey Volost Odow Ladogo and all their confines borders and Prouinces nor come vpon them with no manner of Warre to seeke to attaine them nor remember any more that oath which formerly the people of those places made to the Prince C. Ph. Also the Kings Maiestie G.A. shall promise not to giue any aide of men or money to his abouesaid Brother C.Ph. against the aforesaid Castles and Townes in no wise 8. And against or in liew of the aboue said our great Lord Emperor and great D. M.F. of all Russia Sam. c. for himselfe his successours and hereafter being great Lords Zares and great Dukes of all Russia c. and for the whole Empire of all Russia c. especially for the dominion of Nouogrod the great hath giuen and yeelded vnto their high mighty Lord King G.A. of S. c. from the dominion of Nouogrod from himselfe and the whole Empire of Russia especially in respect of loue and friendship these Castles Forts and Land following which heretofore did adioyne to the Dominions of Nouogrod as namely Euanogrod Yam Coporea Orieseke with all vnto them adioyning Townes Lands and Prouinces with all Townes and Villages in the Countrey to them belonging and due vnto them according to their former iust and auncient borders with the people that dwell and plant themselues there with all other profits reuenewes and paiments with the shoares of Riuers with Lakes nothing exempted the Emperours Maiestie hath yeelded and giuen to their Kings Maiestie G.A. of Sweden c. as proper and owne to him and his Maiesties successours and hereafter being Kings of Sweden and to the Crowne of Sweden for an euerlasting propertie for them to hold without cauillation or any contradiction by the Emperours Maiestie or his Maiesties Successours or hereafter being Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia as also by the whole Empire of Russia and from the Dominion of Nouogrod for euerlasting times in all points as former great Lords and great Dukes of all Russia held and kept the same namely the late of blessed memory great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasiliwich of all Russia Sam. and the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Pheodor Euanowich of all Russia Sam. and the spiritualty as Monkes and all others in those Castles and Townes as well Gentlemen as other inhabitants of the said places two weekes after the conclusion of this contract when it shall be reuealed vnto them they shall haue free libertie all such as desire to goe to the Emperours Maiesties side with their wiues children families all goods and chattels which way soeuer they will into the Emperours Maiesties Lands and Townes And that all Russe people in the said Castles Forts and Townes might know the same it is here agreed and concluded that as soone as the conclusion of this peace shall be effected and confirmed betwixt vs both the great Potentates great Commissioners shall send their Posts and Messengers into all the aforenamed Townes and Castles which they in presence of the Lord King Iames his great Ambassadours Messengers shall openly reueale and proclaime that all spiritualty with their goods Courtiers Gentlemen Burgesses and Townesmen which are desirous to goe from thence within two weeks after to the Emperors Maiesties side they shall haue libertie to go from thence with their wiues children families all their goods and chattles and none of them to leaue any thing behinde them against their wil neither to be staied nor violated by the Kings Maiesties people but moreouer to haue conuoys and prestaâ—es to bring them without all feare or wrong to the Emperours Maiesties next borders in such manner that they be neither robbed nor killed but especially and certainely it is concluded and agreed on betweene vs both sides great Commâ—ssioners that all Russe Countrie Priests and Husbandmen in the said Townes and Countries which are giuen and yeelded by the Emperours Maiestie shall by no manner of meanes be inticed or carried from thence but shall remaine there with their wiues children and familie vnder the Sweths Crowne as also all Courtiers Gentlemen and Burgesses which doe not remoue from thence in the foresaid two weekes 9. As also from the Emperours Maiestie great Lord and great Duke M. F. of all Russia Sam. c. the Kings Maiestie c. shall haue 20000. rubbles in ready good current vnchangeable Siluer deynings and those monies immediately as soone as this contract of peace shall be concluded and confirmed betweene vs shall be giuen to the Kings Maiestie of Sweden great Commissioners by the great Embassadour of the Kings
Commissioners haue agreed since at this Treatie we could not accord vpon the full title of both the great Potentates As to intitle the Emperours Maiestie and of many other Dominions Lord and Conquerour and the Kings Maiestie with the title of Ingermanland wee haue of both sides great Commissioners referred the same to both great Potentates liking therein and if that either Potentate will be pleased to write the other with the full title as to the Emperours Maiestie the Kings Maiestie doth write the full title with the word Conquerour and that the Emperours Maiestie also doe write to the Kings Maiestie his full title with Ingermanland then both the Potentates are to send those titles by their Ambassadours and nominate the same full title in one of their Letters of confirmation and the other Letter to be written according to this our present agreement and if in both the Letters the titles be written to the full as the Emperours Maiesties full title with Conquerour and the Kings Maiestie with Ingermanland then both sides Ambassadours shall shew one the other the said Letters and hauing shewen them shall goe to each Prince with the same if then on either side the Potentate shall not like thereof and shall send the said Letters of confirmation with the short title according to this our present agreement the Ambassadours of both sides shall in like manner make knowne the same one to the other and so proceede therewith to both Potentates 14. Also it is agreed and concluded that there shall be free commerce of Trade betweene both the great Kingdomes the Empire of Russia and the Kingdome of Swethen and both Kingdomes subiects so that all the subiects of our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michael Fedorowich of all Russia Sam. Merchants of the Dominions of Russia from Nouogrod Plesco and other Cities and Townes paying their due custome shall haue free liberty without let to trafficke at Stockholme Wiburgh Reuell Narue and other Townes in the Countries of Swethland Fynland and Leifland and they that dwell and plant themselues at Iuangrod Yam Copora Nettingburgh and Coreilla what Nation soeuer either Russe or other people shall haue free liberty without let to trafficke and to trade paying their due custome in the right Custome houses at Mosco Nouogrod Plesco Lodiga and other Townes of Russia with the Emperours Maiesties subiects and also haue libertie to trauell through the Dominions of our great Lord Emperor and great Duke M.F. c. for their trade of Merchandize within the Dominions of Russia 15. And by reason heretofore our great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michall Phedorowich of all Russia c. his Maiesties subiects Merchants had their free house of merchandize at Reuell also now by contract of Tausin and Wiburgh it is concluded they should haue a good place for a house appointed them in Reuell as also in other the Kings Maiesties Townes as at Stockholme and Wyburgh they shall haue house and Diuine Seruice according to their Religion in the said houses without let or hinderance but at Reuell in their Church as formerly they haue done yet to set vp no Church according to their Religion And as heretofore their Kings Maiesties his Subiects haue had a free house of trade at Nouogrod now also according to the contract of Tausina and Wyburgh they are to haue a good place for a house prepared them at Nouogrod and the Emperours Maiesties other Cities at Mosco and Plesco house for the said purpose and vse their Diuine Seruice according to their Religion in the house but to build no Churches for that vse any where For breuitie I haue omitted the following Articles to the 29. the substance whereof is as followeth The 16. determineth what debts shall be recouerable The 17. Free passage of Subiects thorow each others Territories 18. Freedome of Prisoners on both sides 19. Liberty of Inhabitants to stay in the places surrendred 20. Fugitiues to be redeliuered 21. Borderers to be restrained from robberies 22. For ending of quarrels if any happen 23.24 Confirmation of former contracts of Tawsina and Wiburge 25. No priuate or publike practise to be made against each other 26. Shewing of Letters of confirmation at the meeting of Ambassadours of both sides 27. Honorable conuoy for Ambassadours on either part 28. And also for Interpreters free passage 29. Item It is agreed and concluded that if by the permission and pleasure of God there happen an alteration of gouernment in Sweden or Russia them that Prince which shall newly come to his gouernment first shall reueale by his Ambassador to the other Prince from himselfe and after that the other shall visit him by his Ambassadour 30. Item If it so fall out at any time that of both sides the Princes as our great Lord c. their great Lord King Gustavus Adolphus shall find one to the other their great Ambassadours to confer of good matters then those said great Ambassadours vpon the borders shall meet without all controuersie or strife either betweene Odow and Euangorou or betweene Lodiga and Oreseke where they shall thinke most fitting for them on both sides in the midst of the diuision of the borders and there to conferre of these good matters in friendly and louing sort eyther by the Princes Commission or other commandement as they shall haue 31. Item If it happen that the Emperours Maiesties Subiects and Merchants their Boates Lodies and Merchants Vessels shall go to Reuell Wybourgh or other Townes and Castles of Swethen Fynland or Liefland or ships and other Vessels whereupon the Emperours Maiesties Ambassadours and Messengers shall be going to the Emperors Maiestie to the Pope into England or any other Kingdome by the Kingdome of Swethen or comming backe againe bee cast away and brought to the Swethish shoare eyther vpon the Salt Sea or the Lake of Lodiga by tempests or other meanes such people shall haue free libertie without hinderance to goe from thence with all the goods they can saue or shall get saued and the Kings Maiesties people shall helpe them to saue their goods In like manner if it happen with the Kings Maiestie Gustavus Adolphus of Swethen c. Subiects and Merchants Boats and Merchants Vessels with Commodities or otherwise be cast away and brought to the Emperors Maiesties shoare vpon the Ladigo or Plesco Lake then these people shall haue free liberty to goe away with all their goods which they can saue or get to be saued without let or hinderance and the Emperors Maiesties people shall helpe them to saue their goods 32. Item It is concluded and agreed on that our great Lord c. shall not ayde or assist against the Kings Maiesty of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus and the Crowne of Swethland the Kingdome of Poland and Lettow nor his Sonne Ladislaus and the Crowne of Poland and the Dukedome of Lettow nor all the Dominions of Poland and Lettow nor shall helpe him with men or treasure
nor stand for him as one himselfe nor any other Prince for him shall not practise or seeke any thing against the King of Sweden Those Lands and Castles which belongeth to the Kingdome of Sweden of old or those which now the Emperours Maiesty hath yeelded to the Kings Maiesty by this conclusion of peace he shall not seeke to get them vnder him or haue possession of them In like manner the Kings Maiesty of Sweden shall not stand against the Emperours Maiesty c. to assist the King of Poland and Lettow and all the Dominions of Poland and Lettow neyther with men nor treasure and not to be with him as one Neyther shall the Kings Maiesty by himselfe or other Princes and Gouernours seeke any practise against the Emperours Maiestie and his Lands and Castles which belong to the Emperour of Russia hee shall by no meanes seeke to get vnder him or possesse the same It is also agreed and concluded betweene vs that those Ambassadours which the Emperours Maiesty shall send to the Kings Maiesty and the Kings Maiesty to the Emperours Maiesty for the confirmation of this conclusion of peace shall haue full authority to conferre betweene the Emperours Maiesty and the Kings Maiesty of Swethland for a vnion and ioynt assistance against Sigismond King of Poland and the Crowne of Poland and the great Dukedome of Lettow in such manner as shall be thought fit and requisite by both the Princes 33. And for more certaine and firme assurance that all this here hath bin concluded and agreed on betweene vs the above said Emperours Maiestie and Kings Maiesties great ample and powerfull Ambassadours by the mediation and intercession of the great Lord King Iames his Maiesties great Ambassadour in his presence this conclusion is made established and finished and shall by our great Lord and great Duke M.F. of all Russia Sam. and by his successours and hereafter being great Lords Emperours and great Dukes be kept faithfully firmely and vnmoueable and shall be followed in all points and finished without all falshood or deceipt and our great Lords Emperours and great Dukes c. by his commandment wee his great Commissioners Ocholuech and Namestincke of Susdall Knese Dannyll Euanowich Mezetskey I the Emperours Maiesties Dwarenni and Namestincke of Shatskey Olexsey Euanowich Zuzen I the Emperours Maiesties Duke Michcola Meketesin Nouokseno I the Emperours Maiesties Duke Dobrenia Semenou haue confirmed this conclusion of peace with the kissing of the Crosse and thereunto set our hands and Seales also the Kings Maiesties of great Brittaines great Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merricke Knight Gentleman of his Maiesties priuie Chamber for the more witnessing of the same that this is also concluded here betweene vs hath firmed with his owne hand and Seale both these obligations and a confirmation which wee the Emperours Maiesties ample Ambassadours haue giuen to the Kings Maiesties great Commissioners and against that we haue taken the like writing of confirmation from the Kings Maiesties great Ambassadours Written at Stalbo in the yeare from the creation of the World 7125. the seuen and twentieth day of February HAuing here presented the fruits of his Maiesties mediation betwixt the Muscouite and Sweden I thought good also to adde this other testimonie of Bâ—ati Pacifici in the peaceable fruits of his endeuours betwixt the said King of Sweden and the King of Denmarke after bloudy warres betwixt them in which the English voluntaries were so great a part of whom if I mistake not foure thousand serued the Daâ—e vnder the command of the right honorable the Lord Willoughby The Articles of agreement betwixt them are these six concluded January 16. 1613. translated out of the Dutch Copie Printed at Copenhagen first and after at Hamburge 1. That the King of Sweden shall haue againe the Citie of Calmar with all that belongeth vnto it excepting Artillery which shall be restored to the King of Denmarke or to be sold for his profit 2. That the King of Denmarke shall haue Elsborch and Orland with all the forces and strength of Arensborch in pawne for the space of twelue yeares ensuing for the sum of fifteene Tâ—n of Gold the which sum of money the King of Sweden shall pay vnto the King of Denmark within the foresaid twelue yeares at certaine times in consideration of his charges during the said warres 3. That the Nauigation and passages by Seas and Land to Norway shall be vsed free without any hinderance of those of Sweden 4. That Lapland shall be free without giuing of any contribution 5. That the King of Denmarke shall haue Grone-land free without paying of any contribution vnto the King of Sweden 6. That the King of Denmarke shall beare the three Crownes without any gaine-saying or contradiction of the King of Sweden which was the first and principall cause of these aforesaid bloudy and vnneighbourly warres and continuall irruptions Both Kings subscribing hereto CHAP. XI A relation of two Russe Cossacks trauailes out of Siberia to Catay and other Countries adioyning thereunto Also a Copie of the last Patent from the Muscouite A Copie of a Letter written to the Emperour from his Gouernours out of Siberia TO our Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaile Fedrâ—wich of all Russia your Maiesties Vassals Euan Kâ—â—rakiâ— and Euan Kâ—bâ—â—litiâ— doe knocke their heads c. Lord this present 7127. yeere or 1619 we writ vnto your Maiestie by a Cozack of Tobolsko Clement Oboshkin that there were come to Tobolsko Ambassadours out of the Dominions of Catay and from the King of Altine with the people of Tobolsko Euashâ—â— Petlin and Andrashko Madiegene And with them together doe go to you great Lord Ambassadours out of the Dominions of Labin and the Altine Char from Skiâ—gia with presents the which we dispatcht to your Maiestie with Burnash Nikâ—â—â—â—e the sixt of Iuly and before them wee dispatcht to your Maiestie Euashkâ— Pettlin and Patoy Kizall by whom we sent vnto your Maiestie a Letter from Tambur King of Cathay and a Copie of the King Altines Letter translated with a Card and description of the places which way Euashkâ— Petlin Andrushko Madigene passed from the Castle of Tomao into the Dominions of Catay as also in what other Dominions they were The Letter it selfe which came from Altine Char Labatharshan doth carrie to your Maiestie but as for the Letter out of Catay there is none in Tobolsko to translate it The Copie of the Altine Chars or golden Kings Letter to the Emperour of Russia TO the Lord Emperour and great Duke The golden King receiued your Letter In former times Lord it came to my hearing that your Princely good Ambassadours did seeke a way or passage to come to me since which time it is now thirteene yeeres but then the people of 〈◊〉 Tubâ—ntâ— Maâ—tà ra black Kolmaks did not suffer your Princely good Ambassadors to come to me but did rob and spoile them Now since ten of your Maiesties people are come to me
and I haue sent to you Ichkmen Kichenga to do obeysance vnto your Maiesty and see your Princely eyes whâ—n your Maiestie vouchsafed to doe their obeysance and see your Princely eyes And to me you sent of your Grace three Cups of Siluer a Bow a Sword two Gunâ—es and two Garment Clothes all which your Princely fauours I haue receiued and what shall bee behouâ—â—full for your Majesty from hence I will furnish you withall As also I am to request your 〈◊〉 in respect the Ambassadours doe passe betweene vs very miserably and poore by reasonâ— hâ—re are now some small warres betwixt vs and the blacke Kâ—lâ—â—acks and there are but small 〈◊〉 Tobolsko Castle and in the Castles of Tomin Darkâ— and from the Barban people Now if so be your Majestie will fauour me and defend me with these people from Karakula and will bee pleaâ—ed to 〈◊〉 on warre on your owne side and I on mine that matter will bee done betweene vs and all good matters continue betwixt vs. And so by your Princely fauour Ambassadors may continually passe betweene vs. Iuan Tarchan Varchies and Andrei Tarchan Varchies did conduct two of your Maiesties Messengers into the Dominions of Catay according to your Majesties commandement and they are returned to me againe out of Catay Also Lord there is come vnto me the Tarchan of Labaia and I haue sent vnto you with my Presents the said Tarchan Labar and Riâ—ibacshy Anâ—haij and with them ten men and two men of Sirgos in their Letter is written that there is sent vnto your Maiestie three Leopards with their clawes an Irbish with his clawes three Lizernes with their clawes a red and a yellow Damaske vpon a gold ground a piece of Veluet and an ambling Horse And I am humbly to request your Majestie if it bee your Majesties fauour to grace mee for your owne honour with a garment of cloth of Gold and of diuers colours fiue Garments of fine Cloth a Head-piece a shirt of Male a Sword a Bow twentie Gunnes a Flaggon of Gold a Kettle of Siluer and fiue sorts of Precious Stones of each one a Tennet a Dwarfe and Workmen to make Guns and Powder and two thousand pence Your Maiesties name is growne renowmed and famous euery where therefore I doe reuerence vnto your Majestie because many Kings of many Countreyes haue spread abroad the fame of your Majesties name euery where And I request that Ambassadours may speedily passe betwixt vs and now if it be your Maiesties fauour I desire you to dispatch these my Ambassadours with speed to me backe againe Anno 7128. the three and twentieth of September in the Emperours Dominions at Soldota a Cazacke of Siberia called Euashko Pettlin did report beeing examined of his Trauels The last yeere past 7127. hee said that the Boiaren and Voyauod Knez Euan Simonowich Koorockin sent him from the Castle of Tomo and his fâ—llowâ— Andrashko to conduct the Kings Altines Ambassadours as also to inquire or search the Kingdomes of Catay They went from the Castle of Tomo about the ninth of May and trauelled from Tomo to Kirgis with much expedition tenne dayes and in Kirgis is a Duke subiect to the Emperours Maiestie his name is Nemi who gaue them victuals and post Through this Land of Kirgis they werre halfe a day and came to the Dominion of Mutalla to the Altine King who gaue them prouisions and post and dispatched them thence so they passed through his Land fiue weekes to the Country of Sheremugaly where raigneth a Queene called Manchika who caused to haue prouision and post giuen them In this Countrey of Sheromogula they trauelled foure dayes and came into the Dominions of Catay called Crim where is a wall made of stone fifteene fathomes high alongst the side of which wall they went ten dayes where they saw pettie Townes and Villages belonging to 〈◊〉 Queene Manchika but in those ten dayes they saw no people vpon the wall at all At the end of these ten dayes they came to the gate wherein lye very great Peeces of Ordnance shooting shot as bigge as a mans head and in the said gate standeth in watch three thousand men and they come with their Merchandizes to traffique at the gate The Altine men also come to the gate with their Horses to sell to the Catay men but are not permitted to come within the walls except very few at once Thus their whole trauell from Tomo Castle to this gate was twelue weekes besides some dayes that they stood still and from the gate to the great Empire of Catay tenne dayes and came to the Citie or Castle of Catay about the beginning of September and were lodged in the great Embassadors house and hauing beene there in Catay foure dayes there vsed to come vnto them a Secretary with two hundred men vpon Asses very well apparelled and did entertayne and feast them with Sacke and other Drinkes made of Grapes and told them that the Emperour or King Tambur had sent him to aske them wherefore they were come into the Dominions of Catay Whereupon they answered that our great Lord and Emperour had sent them to discouer the Dominions of Catay and see the King thereof but hee answered them againe that without presents they could not see the King and withall gaue them a Letter which Letter they brought with them to Tolbosko and from thence is sent to the Emperours Maiestie by them Out of Catay they went about the twelfth of October and came to the Castle of Tobolsko about Whitsontyde the same yeere 1619. A Description of the Empires of Catay and Labin and other Dominions aswell inhabited as places of Pasture called Vlusses and Hords and of the great Riuer Ob And other Riuers and Land passages FRom Kirgis to the Riuer Bakanna is sixe dayes trauell and from Bakanna to Kinchike is nine dayes trauell from Kinchike to the great Lake in which Lake Rubies or Saphires grow is three dayes trauell and the compasse of that Lake is twelue dayes trauell on horsebacke There falleth also into the said Lake foure Riuers to wit from the East South West and North yet the water doth not increase in the Lake nor decrease There falleth yet another Riuer into the said Lake which commeth from betweene the East and the North and is called Kitta vpon which we went fifteen dayes to the head of it where we found the King Altine in progresse the way is very stony And from the King Altine to an Vlusses fiue dayes trauell the Vlusses is called Algunat and the Duke in it is called Tâ—rmâ—shine from him to another Vlusses fiue dayes the Vlusses is called Chikursha and the Duke in it is called Carakula from thence to an Vlusses fiue dayes called Suldussa wherein is a King called Chaksaâ—a from him to an Vlusses called Bâ—suâ— fiue dayes the Dukes name is Chichim from him to an Vlusses called Iglethin fiue dayes the Duke is Taschils Cherekta from him
reprouing him for it and imputing cowardise vnto him he threw himselfe downe as aforesaid At which time the Mexicans had the victorie And thenceforth the Towne of Tlatilulco was subiect to the Lord of Mexico paying tribute and acknowledging subiection Axayacaci was very valiant and warlike in armes and was viciously giuen to women hauing had many wiues and sonnes he was also proud and warlike whereby all his subiects feared him extremely hee did maintaine and hold for good all the Lawes and Ordinances that his predecessor Gueguemotizuma had made according as hath beene mentioned in his Historie and hee continued the space of twelue yeeres in the said Lordship of Mexico at the end whereof he dyed and departed out of this present life A B C A twelue yeeres B Axayacaci C by armed force subdued these Townes following not as before expressed in picture Tlatilulco Atlapulco Xalatlanhio Tlacotepec Motopec Capulnac Ocoyâ—â—ac Quanhpanoayan Xochiacan Teotenanco Caliymayan Cinacantepec Tulucan Xiquipilco Tenancinco Tepeyacac Tlaximaloyan Oztoma Xacotitlan Ocuilan Oztoticpac Matlatlan Cuezcomatlyacac Tecalco Cuetlaxtlan Puxcauhtlan Alcuilizapan Tlaolan Mixtlan Cuecaloztoc Tetzapotitlan Miquizetlan Tamuoc Taupatel Tuchpan Tenexticpac Quauhtlan IN the yeere 1482. after the end and death of Axayacaci succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico Tiçoçicatzi sonne of the said Axayacaci and during the time of his raigne he conquered and got by force of armes fourteene Townes The said Tiçoçicatzi was very valiant and warlike in armes and before that he succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico he had done dangerous feates of valiantnesse in his owne person in the warres whereby hee obtayned the title of Tlacatecatl which they esteemed for a Title of great honour and estate and it was a degree whereâ—y that the Lordship of Mexico being vacant he which had the same degree and title succeeded in the place of the same Dominion of Mexico which title in like manner his Predecessors Brothers and Father and Grand-father had whereby they came to bee Lords of Mexico Also the said Ticocicatzi by the estate and authoritie of the said Lordship of Mexico had many Wiues and Sonnes which hee had by them and he was a graue and seuere man in commanding and was feared and reuerenced of his Subjects hee was likewise enclined to good and vertuous things and was good for his Commonwealth He commanded the Lawes and Statutes to bee kept and approoued for good that his Predecessors had amplified and kept since the time of Gueguemotezuma And he was zealous in punishing and chastning the euâ—ll vices and offence that his Subjects committed And so the Mexican Commonwealth was well ordered and gouerned the time of his life which was the space of fiue yeeres at the end whereof he dyed and departed this present life A B C A Fiue yeeres B Ticocicatzi C by armes subdued these Townes Tonahymoquezayan Toxico Ecatepec Zilan Tecaxic Tuluca Yancuitlan Tlapan Atezcahuacan Mazatlan Xochiyetla Tamapachco Ecatlyquapochco Miquetlan IN the yeere 1486. after the death of Tizizocatzi succeeded Ahuizozin brother to his Predecessor Tizozicatzi in the Signorie of Mexico And during the time of his Lordship he conquered by force of armes fiue and fortie Townes according as hereafter are pictured and named The said Ahuizozin was like to his Predecessor and Brother Tizizocatzi in valiantnesse and feates of warre whereby he got the title of Tlacatecatl which signifieth a great Captaine and from the same title he came to be Lord of Mexico The said Ahuizozin was by nature of a good inclination and giuen to all vertue and likewise in the course of his life hee had his Commonwealth ruled and gouerned well and he fulfilled and kept the Lawes and Statutes that his Predecessors had maintayned since the time of Gueguemotezuma And as the state of the Lordship of Mexico was brought to great Majestie and had the greatest part of this New Spaine subiect acknowledging their seruice and by the great and rich tributes which they gaue the said Mexican Lordship came to much renowme and mightinesse And he like a mightie and great minded Prince gaue great things and preferments to his seruants and he was temperate of condition and mercifull whereby his seruants loued him exceedingly and yeelded him great reuerence And likewise hee had many wiues and children by them because it was a thing adioyned to the Lordship and a point of great estate He was of a merrie condition whereby his seruants did feast him continually in his life time with great and diuers kindes of feasts and musick and songs and instruments as well in the night as in the day for in his place the Musicians and Singers neuer ceased with many Instruments of musicke The course of his life in that Signiorie was sixteene yeeres at the end whereof he dyed and passed out of this present life A B C A sixteene yeeres B Ahuizozin C conquered by armes the townes following Tziccoac Tlappan Molanco Amaxtlan Zapotlan Xaltepec Chiapan Tototepec Xochtlan Xolochiuhylan Cozaquanâ—tenanco Coçohuipilecan Coyâ—acac Acatepec Huexolotlan Acapulco Xiuâ—huacan Apancalecan Tecpatepec Tepechiapco Xicochimalco Xiuhteczacatlan Tequantepec Coyolapan Yztactlalocan Teocuitlatlan Huehaetlan Quanhxayacatitlan Yzhuatlan Comitlan Nanâ—zintlan Huipilan Cahualan Ystatlan Huiztlan Xolotlan Quanhnacaztlan Macatlan Ayanhtochiuitlatla Quanhtlan Cuâ—calcuitlapila Mapachtepâ—c Quauhpilolan Tlacoâ—â—pec Mizquitlan IN the yeere 1502. after the end and death of Ahuiçoçin succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico Motezuma Mexico was now growne into great Majestie Renowme and Authoritie and he by his grauitie and seueritie enlarged exceedingly the State and Dominion of Mexico yea a great deale more then his Predecessors Motexzeuma was the sonne of Axayaçaçi which had beene Lord of Mexico and before hee came to the said Lordship hee had the deserts of a worthy Captaine and a valiant man in warres whereby hee had the title of Tlacatecatl and so hee succeeded in the Lordship of Mexico as is before rehearsed and being in the said Lordship he did greatly increase the Mexican Empire bearing the rule ouer all the Townes in this New Spaine insomuch that they gaue and payed him great tributes of much riches and valâ—e He was feared very much of all his seruants and likewise of his Captaines and Principals insomuch that not one when they had any businesse with him for the great reuerence they had him iâ— durst for feare looke him in the face but that they held downe their eyes and their head low and enclined to the ground and many other extraordinarie respects and ceremonies they did vnto him for the Maiestie he represented vnto them not mentioned here for auoyding of tediousnesse After Mâ—tâ—zuma had succeeded in the said Lordship hee conquered foure and fortie Townes hereafter named and hee subdued them vnder his Lordship and Empire and in their acknowledging of seruitude all the continuance of his life they payed him many and great tributes as hereafter by their pictures and declarations is made manifest Moteçuma was by nature wise and an Astrologer and a Philosopher
subtile and skilled generally in all artes aswell of warres as all other matters temporall And for his grauitie and estate he had of his Lordship the beginning of an Empire according as his seruants did reuerence him with great honor and power that in comparison of him not one of his predecessors came to halfe so much estate and Majestie The Statutes and Lawes of his Predecessors since the time of Gueguemoteçuma vntill his time he commanded to bee kept and wholly fulfilled with great zeale And because hee was a man so wise by his good nature he ordayned and made other Statutes and Lawes which he thought defectiue for the execution of the former not abrogating any all which were for the welfare and good gouernment of his Commonwealth and Subjects Hee was inclined to keepe many houses and women which were daughters of the Lords his Subjects and Confederates and by them he had many children and to haue so many wiues was for to set forth his Majestie the more for they hold it for a point of great estate Among which the daughâ—ers of the Lords of great authoritie he held for lawfull wiues according to their rights and ceremonies and them hee kept within his Palaces and dwelling houses and the children that came of them were had in reputation as more lawfull children then the others which hee had by the other women It were a large historie to tell the order he had in keeping of them and conuersation with them And because this present historie is but briefe it is left vnrehearsed The quantitie value and number of the tributes and kindes of things that his subjects did pay for tribute vnto him shall be seene and vnderstood hereafter as by the pictures and declarations is signified And he made a straight order that the tributes which they payed him should be fulfilled according as they were leuied by him for the fulfilling whereof he had in all his subject-townes his Calpixques and Factors which were as Gouernors that ruled commanded and gouerned them and hee was so much feared that none durst disobey nor transgresse his will and commandement but that they were kept and wholly fulfilled because he punished and corrected the rebels without remission And in the sixteenth yeere of the reigne of Motezuma the Mexicans had knowledge of certaine Spaniards which were discouerers of this New Spaine that at the end of twelue moneths there should come a fleet of Spaniardâ— to ouercome and conquer this Country and the Mexicans kept account thereof and they found it to bee true for at the end of the said twelue moneths was the arriuall of the said fleet at a Hauen of this New Spaine in the which fleet came Don Ferdinando Cortes Marques del Valle which was the seuenteenth yeere of the reign of Motezuma and in the eighteenth yeere he made an end of the continuance of his Lordship and Raigne in the which yeere he dyed and departed this present life At the time when Motezuma came to his gouernment he was fiue and thirtie yeeres old little more or lesse so that at his decease he was three and fiftie yeeres of age And straightway in the yeere after his death this Citie of Mexico and other Townes adjoyning were ouercome and pacified by the said Marques del Valle and his Confederates And so this New Spaine was conquered and pacified A The number of 19. yeeres 18. yeeres of his raigne and that other which followed in his Successor wherin Mexico was conquered as you may see in the next chapter B the fourth yeere of his raigne in which hee began his conquest C Motezuma D the instruments of warre by which hee conquered Achâ—otlan Zozolan Nochiztlan Tecutepec Zulan Tlaniztlan Huilotepec Yepatepoc Yztactlalocan Chichâ—â—ualtatacala Tecaxic Tlachinolticpac Xoconochco Ziâ—acantlan Huiztlan Piaztlan Molanco Zaquantepec Piptyoltepec Hucyapan Tecpatlan Amatlan Caltepec Pantepec Teoazinco Tecozauhtla Teochiapan Zacatepec Tlachquiyanhco Malinaltepâ—c Quimichtepec Yzquintepec Zenzontepec Quetzaltepec Cuezcomayxtlahuacan Huexolotlan Xalapan Xaltianhnizco Yoloxonecuila Atepec Mictlan Yztitlan Tliltepec Comaltâ—pec A B C D These townes were gouerned by the Casiques Principals of Mexico appointed by the Lords of Mexico for the good defence and gouernment of the naturall people and for the securitie of the Townes that they should not rebell as also for the charge they had to gather and command to be gathered the Rents and Tributes that they were bound to giue and pay to the Dominion of Mexico Citlalâ—epec Quanhtochco Mixcoatl Tlacatectli a Gouernour Zoâ—panâ—â— Xâ—ltocan Tlacatectli a Gouernour Acalhuacon Tlacochtectli a Gouernour Huaxac Yzteyocan Coatitlan Huixachtitlan Tlacatectlâ— a Gouernour Tlacochtectli a Gouernour Zozolan Poetepec Coatlayancham Acolnahuas Puputlan Yztacolco Chalcoatenco Tlacochtectly a Gouernour Tlacatecatl a Gouernour Oztoma Atzacan Atlan Omequuh Tezcacoacatl a Gouernour Tlilancalqui a Gouernour Xoconochco Tecapotitlan §. II. The second part of this Booke contayning the particular Tributes which euery Towne subdued paid vnto the Lords of Mexico HEre follow pictured and intituled the kinds of things that they of Tlatilulco which at this day is called by the Spaniards Saint Iames did pay in tribute to the Lords of Mexico and the said tribute summed here is that which followeth They were charged for tribute alwayes to repaire the Church called Huiznahuac Item fortie great Baskets of the bignesse of halfe a Bushell of Cacao ground with the Meale of Maiz which they called Chianpinoli and euery Basket had sixteene hundred Almonds of Cacao Item other fortie Baskets of Chianpinoli Item eight hundred burthens of great Mantels Item eightie pieces of Armour of slight Feathers and as many Targets of the same Feathers of the deuices colours as they are pictured All the which tribute except the said armes and targets they gaue euery 24. dayes and the said armes and targets they gaue for tribute but once in the whole yeere The said tribute had his beginning since the time of Quaâ—htlatoa and Moquihuix which were Lords of Tlatilulco The Lords of Mexico which first enioyned to those of Tlatilulco to pay tribute and to acknowledge their subiection were Yzcoatçi and Axiacaçi A the Temple of Huiznahuac B 20. baskets of Cacao meale the Eare and Meale figured C 20. more of the same C 20. D 20. E 20. baskets of Chiaupinoli F 40. peeces of Armes of this deuice G 40. of this deuice like the former but that is white with blacke streakes this yellow H I are each 400. burthens the â—are signed 400. of Mantles K These foure like vnto flowres doe signifie foure dayes euery flowre 20. dayes as they of Tlatilulco did tribute the things pictured and intituled by taxation of the Lords of Mexico I. 40 Targets of this deuice to expresse the difference of colours in each particular were too tedious N Tlatilulco The names of Quauhtlatoa and Moquihuix Lords of Tlatilulco are added because in their times it began as also of Tenuxtitlan Izcoaci and Apayacan to intimate that these two Lords of Mexico or Tenuxtitlan subdued them
a matter of importance they appealed from the Counsell Chamber before Moteçuma the King himselfe where the matter was concluded In the Chamber that is intituled The Counsell Chamber of warre were prouided Captaines and Armies for the warres as was appointed by Moteçuma A The Throne and Maiestie of Moteçuma where he sate on Court-dayes and on iudgement B Moteçuma C a house where the Lords of Tâ—nayâ—ca Chienauhtla and Colhuacan were lodged that were friends and confederates of Moteçuma D a house where the chiefe Lords of Tezcucoytacuba were lodged that were Moteçuma his friends EFG The Court of the royall houses of Moteçuma HK These lines that goe vpward are the steps to the Courts of the royall houses of Moteçuma I The counsell chamber of warre K The counsell chamber of Moteçuma L These foure are as Auditors of the counsell of Moteçuma wise men M Pleaders and Sutors that in the degree and appellation from the Alcaldes doe present themselues and appeare before the Auditors of the counsell of Moteçuma THe father and the sonne that sit against each other face to face signifie that the father giueth his sonne good counsell that he be not vicious laying before him for example that those which come to vertue come afterwards in credit with the Lords and Casiques In that they giue them honest offices and doe vse them to be their Messengers and they doe admit Musicians and Singers vnto their feasts and weddings for the credit they beare 2 The pictured in the house where they meane to talke and prouide for publike affaires and the Steward that sitteth therein doth signifie that there are before him weeping because it hath happened vnto them to be occupied in bodily labour that the Coas and Guacales doe represent And the Steward is giuing them good counsell and exhorting them to flee idlenesse is the cause that they come to be Theeues and players at the Ball and players at Patol after the manner of Dice from which Games doe spring theft for to satisfie and fulfill such vices 3 The Carpenter Lapidane Painter Gold-smith and garnisher of feathers signifie that those Artificers teach their sonnes their occupation from their childhood that when they are men they might follow their Trade and spend their time in things of vertue giuing them counsell that of idlenesse commeth euill vices and so euill tongues tale-bearing drunkennesse and theeuerie and many other euill vices A a Messenger BCD The father counselleth his sonne to apply himselfe to all vertue E One hauing a ghest entertayneth a Musician FGI a house where they meâ—t for publike affaires H The Petlacalcatl KM Coa and Guacal LN Touthes O a vagabond P a player at the ball Q a Thiefe R a player at Patol or Dice after their manner S a Carpenter T The Carpenters sonne V a Lapidarie W The Lapidaries sonne X a Painter Y The Painters sonne Z a Gold-smith The Gold-smiths sonne Aa An ill tongued man and tale-bearer Bb An artificer that garnisheth with feathers Cc The artificers sonne Dd a drunkard Ee a drunkard and thiefe the last worke like a halter seemes to signifie the euill ends which such come to The particular punishments follow in the next picture A These two Pictures signifie that the young men that were drunke with Wine dyed for that according to the Law B A young man that was drunke C A young woman if shee were drunke with Wine was killed heere according to the Lawes of Mexico D A Thiefe they stoned him to death according to the Lawes of the Lords of Mexico E These two Pictures layed and couered with clothes doe shew that if any man had carnall dealing with a married woman they stoned them both to death according to the Lawes of the Lords of Mexico F An old man of threescore and tenne yeeres hath licence to drinke Wine and to bee drunke aswell publikely as secretly because he is so old and hath Sonnes and Nephewes at which yeeres Wine and drunkennesse was not forbidden them G An old woman wife to the old man aboue pistured had priuiledge to bee drunke as well as her Husband because shee had children and childrens children and to all those of the like age drunkennesse was not forbidden them CHAP. VIII Conquest of Mexico and New Spaine by HERNANDO CORTES HErnando Cortes was borne at Medellin in Andulozia a Prouince of Spaine Anno 1485. When he was nineteene yeeres old he sayled to the Iland of Saint Domingo where Ouando the Gouernour kindly entertayned him He went to the conquest of Cuba in the yeere 1511. as Clerke to the Treasurer vnder the conduct of Iames Velasques who gaue vnto him the Indians of Manicorao where hee was the first that brought vp Kine Sheepe and Mares and had heards and flockes of them and with his Indians he gathered great quantitie of Gold so that in short time he was able to put in two thousand Castlins for his stocke with Andres de Duero a Merchant At this time Christopher Morante had sent Anno 1517. Francis Hernandes de Cordoua who first discouered Xucatan whence he brought nothing except the relation of the Country but stripes whereupon Iames Velasques in the yeere 1518. sent his Kinsman Iohn de Grijalua with two hundred Spaniards in foure ships he traded in the Riuer of Tauasco and for trifles returned much Gold and curious workes of feathers Idols of Gold a whole harnesse or furniture for an armed man of Gold thin beaten Eagles Lions and other pourtratures found in Gold c. But while Grijalua deferred his returne Velasques agreed with Cortes to bee his partner in the Discouery which he gladly accepted and procured licence from the Gouernours in Domingo and prepared for the Voyage Velasques afterward vsed all meanes to breake off in so much that Cortes was forced to engage all his owne stocke and credit with his friends in the Expedition and with fiue hundred and fiftie Spaniards in eleuen ships set saile the tenth of February 1519. and arriued at the Iland of Acusamil The Inhabitants at first fled but by the kind entertainment of some that were taken they returned and receiued him and his with all kind offices They told him of certayne bearded men in Yucatan whither Cortes sent and one of them Geronimo de Aguilar came vnto him who told him that by shipwracke at Iamaica their Caruell being lost twentie of them wandred in the Boat without sayle water or bread thirteene or fourteene dayes in which space the violence of the current had cast them on shoare in a Prouince called Maija where as they trauelled seuen dyed with famine and their Captayne Valdinia and other foure were sacrificed to be Idols by the Cacike or Lord of the Counâ—rey and eaten in a solemne Banquet and he with sixe other were put into a Coope or Cage to bee fatned for another Sacrifice But breaking Prison they escaped to another Cacike enemy to the former where all the rest dyed but himselfe and Gonsalo
for another Friar The answer of Mangu Chan not wel vnderstood and deliuered by a drunken Interpreter Caracarum ten daies iourney from the Court of Mangu Chan toward the North as appeareth Ch. 36. Chap. 31. Of Pascha of Mentz in Lotharingia and William Bouchier the Goldsmith a Parisian Building in request They also reckon by Moones in East India Crac is a strong fortresse of the Templâ— is in the holy Land Chap. 32. Of Theodolus the Clerke of Acon how hee deceiued Mangu Chan and was imprisoned of 〈◊〉 Frier Andrew went from Cyprus by Persia. Blasphemous flattery The Golden Tablet of the Emperor of the Tartars Vastacius King of Pontus Or Erserum Sergius an Armenian Monke Chap. 33. Oâ— Mangu Chans holyday and how his principall wiâ—e and his eldest sonne came to the Diuine ceremonies of the Nestorians and oâ— their filthy â—â—wsingâ— The cold much preuayleth The 13. of Ian. Cotota Caten the principall Wife of Mangu Chan. Baltu the Son of Mangu Chan. * Vnum bucâ—eranum * Cosmos of Mares Milke Vid. sup Ianuary 20 Of the Fast of the Nestorians and Armenians and of their Processions vnto the Court of Mangu Chan his eldest Son and Wiues Saint Sâ—rkis Lent Mangu Chans Court visited with Processions How they diuine by the sholder blades of Rommes burnt blacke In M. Ienkinsons Voyage among the Tartars ye may reade of such a Diuination Threshold-Superstition They doe the like in Florida Baltues Court who was eldest Son of Mangu Chan. The Court of the third Lady The Armenians and Nestorians are ashamed to shew Christ fastned to the Crosse. Mangu built a Church The Court of the fourth Lady Drunkennesse not reproueable among the Tartars Chap. 35. How Lady Cota was cured of Sergius the counterfeit Monke Liâ—ence is granted him to carrie the Crosse aloft Rubarbe and the Crosse Miracle-workers with credulous Superstition Holy water not knowne in the East Sergius the Armenians Lye Sorcerie of foure swords The Crosse carried aloft Chap. 36. A description of the Countries about the Court of Mangu Chan and of their manner of writing and their money Chap. 3. Al Riuers bending towards the South and North runne towards the West Chap. 15. Su-Moal the Water Tartars to the East liuing vpon fish Kerkis Orangai Pascatir on the West Chap. 19. Mutezuma commanded the like in Noua Hispania * A description of Apes or else an embleme or Apish fable and perhaps by the Chinois inuented to sell their wares the dearer Most precious Purple Cataia vpon the Ocean Taute and Manse who dwell in Ilands whose Sea freezeth in the Winter Cataia paper money The manner of writing in Cataia like that of China The people of Thebet· Their manner of writing in Tangut and Iugur The money of the Rutenians Chap. 37. Of the second fast of the people of the East in Lent The Monke is reproued for the multitude of those that came vnto him Monkes Manichaean blasphemie of the Creation Snow-water or water of Ice exceeding naught No fish eaten in Lent Hypocriticall feast-fast Chap. 38. A Description of the worke of William Bouchier and of the Palace of Mangu Chan at Caracaâ—um into which Citie they entred on Palm-sunday Two moneths iourney The Description of a most artificiall siuer Tree The description of the Palace The Sunday in the Passion he goeth towards Caracarum They enter Caracarum on Palme Sunday Mangu Chan departeth from Caracarum Chap. 39. The manner how the Nestorians make the Sacramentall Bread The Christians confesse themselues and receiue the Sacrament of Frier William in the dayes of the Lords Supper and Easter The Christians desire the Sacrament Confession Theft excluded the ten Commandements perhaps these fellowes were of those Borderers minde which thought K. Henry had put it in the Decalogue The Patriarch of the Nestorians remayneth at Baldach Chap. 40. William Bouchier is sicke the Monke giueth him Rubarbe the Priest Ionas is sicke Frier William administreth the Lords Supper vnto him and anionteth him beeing readie to dye Hee reproueth the Monke for his Sorceries The Priest Ionas is sicke and dyeâ—h The Nestorians know not Extreme Vnction nor Confession He that is presenâ— with one that dyeth cannot come into the presence of the Prince for the space of an wholâ— yeare Bold blindnes The Monke vseth Diuinations Chap. 41. The description of the Citie of Caracarum they are examined Mangu Chan sendeth hâ—s brethren against diuers Kingdomes the Monke biddeth the Saracens farewell The Wife of Mangu Chan dyeth The Countrey of the Hassasines or Mulibet Chap. 16. Some of Cataia rebell Ascension day Arabucha the yonger brother of Mangu Chan. Ignorant zeale a betrayer of the Faith a cause perhaps of Tartarian Saracenisme One of the Wiues of Chan dyeth The Tartars do more by deceit then by force Chap. 42. They are often examined wherfore they came Mangu desireth to make comparison of Diuine things The most learned speech of Frier William with the Idolaters The Saracens acknowledge the truth of the Gospel The godly conference of Frier William with the Seruants of Mangu Chan. Mangu Chan desireth to haue a comparison made concerning diuine things betweene the Christians Saracens and Idolaterâ— His Answere Mangu Chan wil haue them returne Whitsunday Eeuen How Idolatry began first in the World The Proclamation of Mangu Chan. The murmuring of the Idolâ—ters agâ—inst Chan· The beginning of the disputation concerning the Christian Religion with an Idolater We ought first to speake of God The heresie of the Manichees in Cataia as a sprout from the Magi infecting all the Easterne Philosophie and Religions A Pythagorean child God is Omnipotent God knowes all things God perfectly good The Saracens answer that the Gospell is true The Sect of the Iugurs Chap 43. The day of Pentecost he is called before Mangu Chan who confesseth the faith of the Tartars he speaketh of his returne by Baatu he craueth leaue to stay there whiâ—h is not graunted A token of fauour The faith of the Tartars He speâ—keth of the Fryers returne Baatus greatnesse Hee craueth leaue againe to stay in the Tartars Countrey but it is not granted He departeth from the presence of Mangu Can. Chap. 44. A description of the Tartarian Sorcerers and of their diuers and vnlawfull behauiour Chiefe Priest of the Tartars Some of them know Astronomy Eclipses They fore-tell lucky and vnfortunat daiâ—s for the performance of all buâ—inesse whatsoeuer They cause all things senâ— to the Court passe betweene fires Friar Andrew and his fellows The ninth day of the Moone of May solemnly kept euery yeâ—re They are called to the birth of children and fore-tell their destinies and are also â—ent for when any are sicke The false accusations of the Sorcerers The Bishop of the Nestorians in Cataia A lyer and a murtherer from the beginning The Reuenge of Mangu Chan vpon his Wife being a murtherer The Sorcerers trouble the Ayre with their Charmes The Sorcerers raise vp deuils Chap. 45. Great Solemnity Mangu Chans Letters to
haue succeeded one the other in those Dominions to this present and those Countries are at this day ruled by two Brothers the one called Chapar the other Doax who haue diuided those Countries betweene them and doe possesse them peaceably 21. Baydo the second sonne of Hoccota Can with the Tartarians which his Father gaue him rode towards the North vntill he came to the Kingdome of Cumania where the Cumanians hauing many armed men opposed themselues and defended their Land against them But being at length ouer-come they fled to the Kingdome of Hungaria where are yet many Cumanians inhabiting Baydo hauing beaten the Cumanians out of their Countrie went to the Kingdome of Russia and conquered it and possessed the Land of Gazaria which is in the Northerne part of Taurica and the Kingdome of Bulgoria and by the way which the Cumanians had fled he came to the Kingdome of Hungaria Afterwards the Tartarians went towards the parts of Germanie till they came to a certaine Riuer that runneth through the Dukedome of Austria where they thought to haue passed ouer a Bridge which they found there But Frederick the Duke of Austria and others that bordered neere it had fortified the Bridge so that the Tartarians were denyed passage Baydo thereupon incensed with furie commanded that all should passe through the water and himselfe was the first that entred exposing thereby himselfe and all his followers to apparant danger of death for such was the breadth of the Riuer and the violence of the streame that their Horses were wearied before they could come to the farther banke of the Riuer Which the residue seeing which were not yet entred into the water they were confounded with griefe and returned to Russia and Cumania which they formerly had conquered as hath beene declared and neuer since that haue the Tartarians attempted against Germanie But the posteritie of Baydo hath euer since successiuely held those Lands which he subdued And he which now raigneth there is called Tochai and ruleth peaceably and quietly 22. Cangaday or Chagoday with those Tartars which his Father gaue him rode towards the South euen to the parts of India the lesser There he found many Desarts Mountaines and drie Lands not inhabited so that hee could not passe that way but hauing lost many of his People Horses and other Beasts he turned him towards the West and after much labour came to his brother Iochi to whom he related what had befalne him who taking compassion on his brother gaue him and his people a good part of those Countries which hee had and euer after those two brethren dwelled together and their Progenie vntill this day inhabite in those parts yet in such sort that those which descended of the younger brother doe beare a kinde of reuerence to the posteritie of the Elder and so being content with their Portions they liue peaceably and quietly together and that Successor of Iochi that now liueth is called Barach 23. In the yeere of our Lord 1253. Haython the King of Armenia seeing that the Tartarians had in a manner subdued all the Kingdomes Countries and Lands euen to the Kingdome of Turkie taking Counsell of the wise he resolued to goe in person to the Emperour of the Tartarians the better to insinuate himselfe into his fauour and to make league with him But first he sent his brother Lord Sinibaldy Constable of the Kingdome of Armenia to obtayne safe conduct for him who carrying with him many Presents and going attended with a goodly companie dispatched in good order the businesse for which he was sent yet stayed hee by the space of foure dayes before he came backe to Armenia but at his returne he related to the King what he had seene and done who without delay departed in secret manner disguised because it might be dangerous for him to be knowne in the Kingdome of Turkie through which hee must needes make his iourney and as God would at his comming thither he found that the Soldan of Turkie was ouerthrowne by a Tartarian Captaine whom hee met with there and made himselfe knowne vnto him who when he vnderstood him to be the King of Armenia and that hee was going toward the Emperour entertayned him very honorably and caused him to bee conducted to the Kingdome of Cumania and beyond the Iron gate And afterwards other Tartarian Captaines caused him to bee conducted ouer all other Countries and Places vntill he came to Almalech or Cambalu where Mango Can their Emperour resided who reioyced much at the comming of the King of Armenia and the rather for that from the comming of Changius Can ouer the Mountaine Belgian no other great Prince had come to meet him and therefore hee receiued and entertayned him with much honour and loue and gaue vnto him some of the greatest persons about him to attend and associate him at his pleasure and did him many other fauours But the King of Armenia hauing rested certaine dayes intreated the Emperour to vouchsafe him Audience in those affaires for which hee was come and to giue him licence to returne The Emperour very graciously answered him that he would most willingly accomplish all his desires and that it was very acceptable vnto him that he came of his owne accord The King with good deliberation made seuen Petitions First He desired that the Emperour and all his people would be baptized in the Christian Faith leauing all other Sects Secondly That there might be a perpetuall peace and friendship established betweene the Christians and the Tartarians Thirdly That in all Countries which the Tartarians either had conquered or should conquer the Churches and Churchmen whether secular or religious might be free and exempted from all seruitude and payments Fourthly That he would deliuer and free the holy Land and the holy Sepulcher of our Lord out of the hands of the Saracens and restore them to the Christians Fiftly That he would endeuour the destruction of the Caliph of Baldach who was the head and chiefe Doctor of the Sect of Mahometisme Sixtly Hee required that a speciall Charter might be granted him that of whatsoeuer Tartarians especially such as should be nearest to the Kingdome of Armenia hee should bee occasioned to demand aide they should forthwith be readie to assist him Seuenthly He craued that all the Lands of the iurisdiction of the Kingdome of Armenia which the Saracens had inuaded and were or should happen to be recouered by the Tartarians might be restored to the King of Armenia and that such as he should get from the Saracens hee might peaceably and quietly enioy Mango Can hauing considered the Petitions of the King of Armenia calling before him all his chiefe Captaines and Counsellers in their presence made him answere after this manner Because that the King of Armenia of his owne accord and not of compulsion is come vnto vs from remote parts it beseemeth the Imperiall Maiestie to yeeld him all
his demands that are lawfull and honest Therefore to you O King of Armenia Wee returne this answere That wee will accept of all your Requests made and will cause them all God-willing to bee duely accomplished first I my selfe being Emperour and Lord of the Tartarians will bee baptised in that Faith which the Christians hold at this day wishing and aduising all my Subiects to doe the like yet not entending to force any thereunto To your second We will and agree that there be a perpetuall peace betweene the Tartarians and Christians yet with this caution that your selfe bee a chiefe Pledge and Suretie that the Christians obserue on their behalfe the like peace and amitie towards vs as wee for our part intend inuiolably to keepe towards them Wee grant also That all the Churches of Christians and their Clergie-men whatsoeuer either Secular or Religious shall enioy their Priuiledge and Immunitie of Libertie and Exemption throughout the Dominions of our Empire and that none shall molest them any kinde of wayes Touching the matter of the holy Land we say That if we could conueniently we would willingly goe thither in person for the reuerence we beare to our Lord Iesus Christ. But because we haue many occasions of importance to stay vs in these parts wee will take order with our Brother Haloon for the due accomplishment of that seruice in all points as it behooueth for the freeing of the Citie of Hierusalom and all the holy Land out of the hands of the Pagans and restoring it to the Christians Concerning the Caliph of Baldach We will giue order to Baydo our Captaine of the Tartarians which are in the Kingdome of Turkie and the rest thereabouts that they bee all obedient to our Brother whom wee will haue to destroy the Caliph as our capitall and deadly Enemie The Charter which the King of Armenia desireth for assistance from the Tartarians Wee wish it to bee drawne according to his desire and wee are readie in all things to confirme it Lastly whereas the King Armenia requireth That the Lands of his Kingdome which the Saracens had taken from and haue since beene recouered by the Tartarians may be restored vnto him we freely and frankly accord it willing our Brother Haloon to see such restitution made without delay 24. After that Mango Can had thus liberally accorded the Requests of the King of Armenia and confirmed them by Charters he would forth with receiue the Sacrament of Baptisme and was accordingly baptised by the hands of a certaine Bishop who was Chancellor of the King of Armenia and all that were of his houshold with many other great Personages of both Sexes And then he made choice of such as were to accompany his Brother Haloon about the enterprize of the Holy Land After Haloon and the King of Armenia departed and rode both together vntill they passed ouer the great Riuer Phison then Haloon with his mightie Armie inuaded the Countreyes and Lands euery where and in lesse then six moneths hee subdued easily the whole Kingdome of Persia because it was without a Ruler or Gouernour and tooke in all the Countreyes without resistance euen till he came to the Land of certayne Infidels which are called Assassini hauing neither Law nor Religion but liuing as their Prince and Lord commonly called Sexmontio instructeth them at whose pleasure and commandement they willingly and readily expose themselues to death These had a certayne impregnable Castle called Tigado which was so well furnished with all kind of necessary prouision and so strongly built and seated that they feared no assault Haloon therefore commanded one of his Captaynes to take with him tenne thousand of those Tartarians which hee had left in Persia and in no wise to depart from the siege of that Castle vntill hee had taken it so that they remayned at the siege thereof by the space of seuen yeares both Winner and Summer which at last was yeelded vp by the Assassini only for want of clothes but not for any penury of victuals or scarsitie of any other thing whiles Haloon employed himselfe in ordering of the Kingdome of Persia and besieging the Castle of the Assassini the King of Armenia tooke leaue of him to returne because hee had beene long out of his Kingdome Haloon therefore licenced him to depart and giuing him many great gifts directed his Precept to Baydo residing in the Kingdome of Turkie which he had subdued that he should conduct him safely to the entrance of his owne Kingdome which in all things he fulfilled so that after three yeares and a halfe of absence the King of Armenia through the mercie of Iesus Christ came ioyfully home into his owne Countrey 25. Haloon hauing ordered the Kingdome of Persia in conuenient manner went into a certayne Prouince neere to Armenia called Sorloch where he reposed and recreated himselfe all the Sommer and at the beginning of Winter he besieged Baldach in which the Caliph resided who was the chiefe Master and Doctor of the Irreligious Sect of Mahometisme for which Enterprize Haoloon re-enforced his Army with thirtie thousand Tarrarians that were in the Kingdome of Turkie and assaulting the Citie by the shoare hee tooke the same without any great difficultie or delay The Caliph was brought aliue into the presence of Haloon and there was found in Baldach so much Treasure and Riches as would scarcely bee beleeued to bee in all the World besides This Citie of Baldach was taken in the yeere 1258. 26. When Haoloon had disposed of the Citie of Baldach he caused the Caliph to be brought vnto him and all his Treasure to be laid before him Then he demanded of him whether he had beene Lord of all that Treasure who affirming it was asked againe why hee had not made vse thereof in procuring the ayde of his Neighbours and leuyed mercenarie Souldiers to defend him and his Countrey from the power of the Tartarians whose answere was that hee thought his owne people had been sufficient Then said Haloon to the Caliph thou art said to be the chiefe Doctor Teacher of all that beleeue the deceiuing Doctrine of Mahomet receiuest rewards and Gifts of them all therefore such and so precious a Master must be fed with no other meate but with these precious things which thou hast loued and kept so carefully all which wee giue thee for thy sustenance and so commanded that the Caliph should bee shut into a Chamber and that his Pearle and Gold should bee set before him that hee might eate as much as hee would thereof but that no other meate nor drinke should be giuen him by which meanes the miserable wretch ended his life after a miserable manner And there was no other Caliph in Baldach after him 27. After that Haoloon had subdued Baldach and all the Countrey round about hee distributed the Prouinces amongst his Captaines and Rulers as he thought good giuing charge that the Christians should