three Scottish Regiments Thence on Sunday to Hagenow whence to Boitzenberg on the Elb and so crost the Elb at Lawenburg whence they went to be enquartered with the Army in Bardewick a very fine towne and sometimes a rich one before spoken of To this towne came some of the Lunenburgers forces About the time of that Sir Thomas Conwayet 5 Ensignes came to Warnemund Sir Frederick Hamiltons and the Lord Forbesses Regiments ioyne with the Armye did 5 of Sir Frederick Hamiltons Colours land also They were Scottish and Irish people amongst which was 1 Sir Fredericks owne Company 2. Coninghams Leiftenant-Colonell 3. Troopes Sergeant-Major 4 Gibsons and 5 Flemmings Captaines The other 4 Ensignes that belonged to this Regiment were landed other where and came not till summer into the Armie The Lord Forbesse had also his Scottish Regiment there himselfe being taken prisoner comming betwixt Luckstadt and Hamborow and carryed into Wolfenbuttel where he yet is Neither English nor Scottish Regiments had any fixt Armes as yet which in plaine English phrase is They were not yet fully Armed However half armed or unarmed as they were Sergeant-Maior Groves with his English the 2 Scottish Regiments were after some 16 or 20 dayes lying about Bardewick commanded towards Boxtehude The towne is belonging to the Archbishop of Bremen and lyes upon the small river Essa within 4 English miles of the borders of Lunenburg the Elb it selfe being within 8 miles to the North and Hamborow almost as neere it to the Eastward T is a stronger towne then Stoade and there was a good garrison now in it Boxtehude beseiged a place besides it is of very good consequence for that it is the Passe into that which they call the Old land in which Stoade standeth The Generall Todt with the rest of the Army lay now at Hornburg a pretty Fleck or market town some seaven English miles to the Northwest of Boxtehude that was now beleagred At this Hornburg was the Hoff-Quarter or Heade Quarter for that this is also another Passe into the Old land aforesaid by which Stoade was on that side also streightned especially by those of our nation The English and Scottish lay some 10 dayes at first an English mile off from Boxtehude with unfixt Armes for a great part and without powder or bullets After this they were sent to lye at a place called the Old Cloyster which is within a quarter of a mile of the towne to the Southward Some few Dutch companyes there were enquartered upon the Old lands side betwixt the towne and the Elb but they were the English and Scottish that had the most to doe in the beleagring In the time of this seige upon Doctor Salviue advertisements before given to the King Todt is sent for away by the King and Sir Alexander Lesly comes to the Armye of the Generall Todts misbehaviour in the Army had his Majesty sent away for him and Sir Alexander Lesly was commanded from the Lord Marquesse Hamiltons Army by the King of Swedens Commission to come and take charge of Todts Army with the Style of Sergeant Mayor Generall Sir Alexander being now comne to the Old Cloyster aforenamed and going about to take view of the Boxtehude within 3 or 4 dayes after his first comming was short from the towne into the instep of the left foot He being thus disabled for the commanding of the Armie and carryed off unto Hamborow Todt for the time was to doe all againe who being shot Lohausen a Colonell with one legge being then made Sergeant Major Generall And this order continued till that Wolff Hendrick Baudissin native of Lusatia and commonly called Bauditz was sent downe to be Leiftenant Generall Baudissin is sent to take charge of the Army and Tott now going away Duke George of Lunenburg became General of the Armie But Boxtehude was first taken and Pappenheim gone againe ere Baudissin came to the Army To returne to the siege There were 3 severall Batteries by this time gotten up against the towne whereof 2 upon the Old cloyster side and a third upon the other from all which the Swedish Canon plaid every day into the Citie Nor were the besieged altogether idle Having advertisement by the Boores that the English and Scottish Regiments were not halfe armed and but raw soldiers 200 of the towne Horsemen one night sallyed out upon their Quarters They fell out with a very great clamor and noise making and were comne within 20 paces of their very Guards Those of our nation that had Armes stood their ground A Sally repulsed and 2 troops of Horse were quickly at hand to second them T is said that some of the Irish ventured upon the salliers horsemen with their skeynes or swords onely and did some peece of execution upon them However the leader of the sallyers was there shot dead and fell his men forced to retire being after some skirmishing beaten into the very Ports of their Citie Another night they fell out of the towne againe and set fire upon the Scottish Guardes and had they adventured but a little further they had put the Quarters into a terrible confusion But even now they were perswaded in againe The siege went on in the meane time and the Canon from all 3 Batteries did their duties faggots and storming ladders were also made shew of nor yet would these offers fright out the besieged Full 3 weekes there was misery enough endured by those of our nation without the towne about the end of which time upon the fourth of March the besieged as it were for pitty of our Countrymen yeelded Boxtehude yeilded and marcht upon good conditions into Stoade Boxtehude being thus taken our English having done the chiefe of their service there were offered to garrison the towne which they gladly enough accepting of the 5 Colours were put into it Here lay they 3 weekes Sergeant-Major Grove being Governor The Generall Todt having a purpose to put in a Swede a servant of his to be Governor over Groves head The English being put into the towne were by Todt commanded out againe he being a high spirited Gentleman that could not endure to be rewarded with such an affront for all his services the English colours were commanded out and a Swedish Leiftenant-Colonell not Todts man put in to be Governour with 5 Ensignes Thence were the English sent to block up Stoade about which the rest of the Army were quartered up and downe in Dorps the snow not then suffering them to lye in open Quarters But this served the turne well enough Todts purpose being Stoade blockt up but to block it up at a distance victualls were so scarce with him that he should not otherwise have beene able to have kept the Army together in one leaguer This towne is seated upon a small riveret called the Zwing about 2 English miles from the Elb a skonce being betwixt it and the Citie The land on
is better that I should now punish thee then that the wrath of God for thy misdeeds and his Iudgements should fall downe upon me and thee and upon all of us here present The same day of this Oration was a Quarter-Master of Walensteins taken prisoner who had the List about him of all the Imperiall Forces By this time was the Court of Vienna Caesar well pleased with Walenstein very well pleased with the deportment of their Generalissimo And he very well deserved it for he held the King streightly coopt up hitherto and had first found out the secret That the way to beate the King of Sweden was not to fight with them Boldly hereupon did they give it out That the King of Sweden was starke foundred not able to lift up his legge from the place he stood on and had therefore demanded a Peace of the Emperour and leave to retire himselfe out of Germany But his Imperiall Maiesty would now handle him in another fashion As for the King himselfe he never desired any peace of the Emperor but because I will not call it an invention the rumor might arise perchance from the King of Denmarks Ambassador who in his Masters name about this time made some overtures of a treaty unto his Imperiall Maiesty Termes of peace talked of The Articles hereof being by an Expresse sent unto Walenstein Major-Generall Sparre a little after this desired leaue of the King that he might goe into Walensteins Leaguer to propound something in his owne name about a peace and the exchange of certaine prisoners His motion came to nothing Walensteins selfe certified nothing but honor of the King unto Vienna wishing indeed that there might be some accommodation by a treaty The better to draw the King on to a treaty was his Queenes Cosin Christian William Administrator of Magdenburg used in the businesse together with the Danish Ambassador whom the Emperor in April before had againe set at liberty The young Landtgrave of Darmstat still continued a strong solliciter for a Peace and especiall to his Father in Law the Elector of Saxony But neither could they worke it Some other motions that way were seuerall times projected but the cunning was so to bring about the termes to give both sides satisfaction The Story of the severall Armies now comming towards the King Leaving these Treaties in the aire into which they presently vanisht we will turne our stile towards action againe Omitting withall those smaller skirmishes which daily fell out about the Leaguers we will prepare our Readers for greater matters Those Armies which the King as we told you had at Walensteins first comming had sent for to come and be his Maine-prizers were by this drawing together about the river Mayne in Franconia Turne we then aside a-while to fetch these Armies into action The Generalls of these Armies were Oxenstiern the two Dukes of Weymar the Landtgrave of Hessen and Banier of all whom severally Of Oxenstiern The Rex-Chancellor Axel Oxenstiern having by the Armes of Gustavus Horn brought the action to a good passe in the Electorate of Triers and with the Bishop of Cullen had the better leisure now to goe waite upon the King his Master About the 11. of Iuly set he out from Mentz with about 8000. men as 't was giuen out in his Army To him does the Landtgrave William of Hessen with 3. Regiments and Hessen first come into Franconia His way was from the river of of Weser Pappenheim his great adversary being now going to Maestricht-ward Hessen and the Chancellor who being ioyned both met at Wurtsburg there expecting the comming of the other forces There whilest they are they were not idle the Imperialists being masters of the smaller townes thereabouts and going out upon daily Partees gaue them occasion of exercise About Iuly 20. the Landtgrave of Hessen sending out a Partee of 500. Horse with as many muskettiers lighting upon 3. companies of Walsteiners kill 100. of them tooke 2. Cornets and 500. Prisoners which well helped to increase the Army This was about Schweinfurt in the Landtgraves way towards Wurtsburg About this time the Imperialists of Forcheim made a Cavalcado out upon the Palace of the Counts of Cassel which they surprised and plundered doe something upon the Imperialists to the worth of 200000. Florens Good store of provisions being found therein the Walsteiners went home for some wagons minding the next day to goe fetch away this booty By this had the Chancellor heard of it who sending out the Palatine Birckenfelt to way-lay them he with 3. troopes of Dragooners charged them so home that they were faine to leave their Carriages to the Swedish and with the losse of 150. men and 30. prisoners in severall places to betake themselues into Forcheim The Finnish Colonell Stallhanshe who also came up with the Chancellor going along the Mayne with 4. Cornets to seeke his adventure he betwixt Vffenhaim and Kitzingen met also with a weake Partee of Imperialists that were convoying 100. Wagons lading of meale towards Walenstein These hee first rowting and they flying towards Vffenhaim the Fins so hard pursued them that they entred the towne pell mell with them Thus was the towne and the meale-carts taken both together for which exploite who can deny but the Fins very well deserue to eate white-bread About this 20. of Iuly Stilo veteri was Duke William of Saxon-Weymar Lieftenant-Generall to his Majesty comne up into Franconia Duke William Weymars Story This was his march and Forces How he and his brother Bernard had beene left about Schwabland and Bavaria at the Kings comming towards Norimberg we leave to be read in our Second Part. Hee making towards the Bodensee called the Lake of Constantz so well settled the Switzers with the neighbourhood of his Army that upon the King of Swedens letter to them which see page 173. The King of Sweden then had an Ambassadour wtih the Switzers Chevalier Rache they call him with whom the Duke of Rohan joyned his Majesties minde to the Switzers by which two and Duke William were these Cantons brought about to the King of Sweden The English Scottish of my Lord Marquesse of Hamiltons Army being reduced to 2. Regiments of our Second Part they both Catholicks and Protestants agreed together to stop up their passages against the Spanish out of Italy and to give no aides unto the Emperor notwithstanding the vehement sollicitations of Chancellor Wolmar Ambassador with them for the Arch-Duke Leopold Duke William having done this by the middle of Iune was sent unto by the King of Sweden to goe and take on the English and Scottish of my Lord Marquesse of Hamiltons Armie then about Halberstat Something of whose Story we demand leave here to impart unto you Of their comming from Magdenburg unto Halberstat in Brunswick-land we shall anon tell you Here at Halberstat they lay upon their owne money untill about Low-Sunday the 8. of
the motions of the enemy should come away And this was the order of the Retreat The Reere marcht off first of all and whilest they turne faces about to goe homewards the Van and Battell stood their ground as ready to receive the enemy The order of the Retreat When the Reere was comne to their place of Stand they there made Halt facing about againe to the enemy Whilest they stood the Battell marched observing in all points the order and discipline of the Reere When they make a Stand the Van advances the Wing of Horse afore spoken of at the same time moving and flancking them Three hundred Muskettiers with some Cornets of Horse were left behind to manne the Reere and to make good the Retreat in case the enemy which he did not should have falne out upon them And in this goodly order and equipage which was a very beautifull sight to behold was the Retreat made all done in Battaglia as if they had even then advanced into the Field to have charged the enemy Soone was the Army in their new Quarters which were not farre from the foresaid mountaine For now was the King resolued to entrench himselfe close unto the enemy choosing the place for his new Leaguer The King encampeth hard by the Imperialists neere unto Furt iust without the Forest yea so neere unto Walensteins trenches that some one of his greater Peeces would haue rang'd her bullet even to the very Quarter Early the next morning August 26. was the new Campe begunne to be fortified that is upon the open side of it the backe-part being sufficiently assured by the woods And now might the Generalissimo if he pleased have done as much for the King as he had attempted upon his trenches These had beene his advantages His Leaguer was already fortified but the Kings Works not perfected for some dayes after He out his higher ground might overlooke the Kings Quarters and see every motion in it The Kings Campe was in a faire Campagnia and therefore accessible nor was there any thing in the way to have hindered the Imperialists from falling into the Swedish Leaguer Two or three dayes after the end of the great rencounter were the prisoners and dead on both sides ransomed and exchanged Monsieur de la Grange the French Ambassadour was sent from the King into the enemies Leaguer who returned with many prisoners telling his Majesty of many things likewise unto the hearing whereof but few were admitted Major-Generall Sparre was not onely set at libertie by the King but employed also by him unto Walenstein with the prisoners He made likewise some generall overtures of a peace in which he had desired of the King that he might use his owne liberty In lieu of Major Sparre was Colonel Leonard Tortenson Generall of the Kings Artillery freely set at liberty by the Generalissimo and that with a great complement to the King as we haue before told you As for Colonell Erich-Hand a Swede he was to stay in the Imperiall Leaguer till his wounds were cured In the Bill of the prisoners that was sent from the Imperialists unto the King were there many names read whose persons were no where to be found among the Captives The Prisoners by which they were giuen for dead In this former Action were these men of account slaine on the Kings side The Count of Erpach who died of his wounds dead Generall-Major Boetius a brave man and Lieftenant Colonell Scepter Of Duke Williams men slaine Lieftenant-Colonel Mackin Vnder the Landtgrave of Hessen slaine Rit-master Maurice of Malsburg with Rit-master Craisham brother to the Marshall of his Maiesties Army Of the English and Scottish divers whose names I have not and wounded on the Kings side Divers other Captaines Lieftenants Ensignes and other inferior Officers there lost their lives with 7. or 800. common souldiers none of whose bodies fell into the hands of the enemies There was found sticking in the body of one of his Maiesties Guards a bullet of three pound weight Wounded on the Kings side the Counts of Eberstein Cassel and Thurne with Erich-Hand Rotstein and Bourt all Colonels together with divers other Captaines Rit-masters and other Officers Of common souldiers were there some 1500. which were brought into the Hospitals of Norimberg On the Imperiall side lost 3. Ensignes Slaine the Lord Iames Fugger Colonell of 1000. Curiassiers or Men at Armes This Lord being deadly wounded and brought prisoner into Norimberg there expired He being demanded what he knew of Walensteins intentions answered as some report it that he meant to keepe himselfe in the guard hee then lay at and to wage battell no otherwise then in that posture But some other report this way of his last words That calling for drinke he should say t' is no time to dissemble now Walenstein will assault you Which said he dranke and dyed Said to be slaine besides Colonel Aldobrandino Colonell Dom Maria de Caraffa with 5. Colonels more though some Gentlemen of our Nation passing next day thorow the Campe affirmed that they spake with some of them These things must be knowne from the prisoners who being about 60. in number perchance knew not all the Imperialists having wit enough to conceale their owne losses Those of the Swedish side reported it from the prisoners that there should have beene slaine about 1000. Walsteiners which upon such disadvantages in the fight I thinke not to be likely The Corps of the dead Lord Fugger being sent into the Imperiall Leaguer the souldiers that carried him had 25 Dollars given them My Dutch Officer reports me a pretty story of a complement or an allegeance rather betwixt an humble bullet and the K. namely how that a piece of the sole of his Maiesties boote neere unto the great toe of his right foot was carryed away with a Shot This bullet knew his duty for a King should be toucht no higher all are to stoope thither Both he and the Swedish Lords Letter agree that the Imperiall Generalissimo had his Horse that day shot dead under him whereas others then in the action bid me be confident That Walenstein all that day stirred not so far out of his Pavilion Sure it is that Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar had a horse slaine under him and that his behaviour all that fight was beyond all expectation valiant Walenstein t is written having false notice brought him in the heate of the fight that the old Castle was taken answered with an oath That he would not beleeue that there was a God in Heauen if that Castle could possibly be taken from him This the prisoners reported And thus have I finished this most memorable conflict Turne we to other actions of lesse moment done neere the Leaguer The King not able either to dislodge Walenstein nor to bring him into Campagnia The King labouring to cut off Walsteins victualls cast about in the next place how to put another Brave upon him the same too
their way was from Schaffhowsen and Dutling and so along the Danuby By this time had the Count de Monte Cuculi with some of the Duke of Bavariaes people whom he found in the countrey and some few Florentines lately sent in from their Master the great Duke of Tuskany to the aide of the Bavarian laid siege to the towne of Rain upon the Lech in Bavaria neere Donawert Colonell Mitzval whom the King had left Governour there made not such good resistance as was requisite The towne though not excellently yet was it sufficiently fortified Victualls and Ammunition he wanted not of men he had 13. good Companies Horse and Foote which were hands enow to have made good the place for a longer time against a farre greater opposition I read of no breach yet made but one threatned and prepared for is not unlikely Some write that Mitzval was in the name of his Company threatned by one of his Ancients that if he would not yeeld the towne they would but they that say so Monte Cuculi takes Rain in Savaria cannot proove that Mitzval either punisht Ancient or souldiers for the mutinie Others affirme that he had the consent of a Counsell of Warre of all the Officers of his garrison for it which had it beene true then would not the King have executed him for it How-ever September 25. did Mitzval conclude upon rendring the next day marching out with Bag and Baggage and all good conditions for a souldier though not of one The King tooke off his head for it and so would he have done of all the 8. Captaines of his Regiment but that her Maiesty the Queene of Sweden who was comne all this expedition with her Lord by the potency of a sweet and gracious intercession prevailed with the King for a pardon for them The King now comne to Donawert made all the hast possible to relieve his towne and garrison in it from Monte-Cuculi but was not able to doe it on the sudden for that the towne was on the contrary side of the Lech to him And it much concern'd him for that by the taking of this towne the Partees of Horse that should be lodged in it would mightily disturbe the trading and other intercourse betwixt Ausburg and Norimberg Preparing therefore to recover it he advances towards Oberendorff upon the Lech hard by Rain where there is a house or Castle of the Fuggers neere which there was a bridge over the Lech as Page 139 of our Second Part we have told you This Castle was guarded with 150 men and for the breaking of the bridge on that side next unto the King were there some 250 Crabats now comne These the King comming upon after they had burnt the bridge but before they could get to Rain againe where they should have beene taken over he cuts the throats of all the 250 Crabats The King overthrowes 400 Crabats c. together with the other 150 that were the guards of the Castle and tooke seven Ensignes from them Hereupon fell he to repairing the bridge About the 27th of September was this done and the Bridge-worke begun upon which strange it is that Monte-Cuculi did little or nothing in the hinderance of He was skared perchance and layes a Bridge over the Lech by that wonderfull passage over the same Lech which the April before the King had made and how dearely it had cost Tilly to oppose it He was now also taken off by the distrust to his owne strength and made I beleeve the more hast to looke to Ingolstatt and Regensburg and to stay thereabouts for the Duke of Bavariaes comming which was within 8 or 10 dayes after The King being the second time passed over the Lech in a misty morning one of the first dayes of April comes before Rain ere perchance he was discovered The fight of the towne and besieges Rain is low and plaine on one side fenced with the river and morassy hollow ground not fit to be entrenched on The other part had the King at his last parting from Bavaria given order unto Mitzvall to new fortifie This is the East side of the towne and upon that was the King faine to make his Approaches Foure hundred men had Monte-Cuculi left within it who either for that Mitzvall had made the place heartlesse and unlucky or for that the fame and fortune of the King were so irresistible in Bavaria as that it were but folly to stand out against him they within two dayes so soone as ever they had felt but a few peeces of Battery Rain yeelded to the King send out to demand composition But the King being angred for his Mitzvals late disgrace would affoord no other termes unto the garrison but for the Horsemen to goe out without either Horse or harnesse and the Foot like footmen without other Armes then their swords onely And thus was the towne as easily recovered as it had beene lost saving that the defendants this last time had the honour to be overcome by the King of Sweden October the fift the King caused Mitzvall by a Councell of Warre to be condemned and the same day in sight of the whole Army to be executed establishing another Governour within the towne who needed no other schooling to looke better to his Lesson then to see his Predecessour ryde the scaffold before him This was done at Neuburg some ten or eleuen miles Eastward upon the Danuby The King going as farre as Newburg to purâ—ue Monte-Cuculi whither the King had by this fifth of October retired with his Army Thus farre was the King comne to have pursued Monte-Cuculi and as 't was beleeved to have besieged Ingolstat But Monte-Cuculi finding himselfe too weake was with his flying Army of 500 Horse and 4000 Foot retired along the Danuby unto Regenspurg Some troopes of Horse had the King sent off after Monte-Cuculi and the countrey was full of noyse of the intended Seige of Ingolstat Divers peeces of Ordnance were for that purpose already sent for out of Ausburg and Donawert the Kings Commissaries and Quarter-masters were already gone before that way-ward to take up victuals and lodgings for the Army Boats and other materials were providing at Neuburg to be sent downe the Danuby towards Ingolstat to make Bridges Provisions were also coÌ„manded to be ready at Vlm for the victualling of the Leaguer and the garrison of Ingolstat sorely of late wasted with the pestilence every day expected another plague of warres to be comming towards them Nor were these preparations onely whisper'd of but Art perchance made the rumour ring so much the louder that Walenstein might likewise heare of it But he either did not or would not listen to it nor could any noise from Bavaria frighten him out of Saxony About these preparations here at Neuburg was the King till the eighth of October and was the next day provided for to have gone personally into Ausburg But this happinesse of his Presence
came all to early A gentle mist as if fore-dooming how blacke a day it would be did his good will to have kept it night still and the Sunne as if his great eye had before-hand over-read the fatality of the following day seemed very loath to have begunne it So sweet a correspondencie though secret and so sensible a compassion betwixt Gods more noble instruments there is that the day had rather have beene no day then become Gustavus his last day and the Sunne had rather have conceal'd his owne glory then his fellow Gustavus beames should be extinguished But the martiall King even forcing himselfe to awaken Time and hasten on mortality would needs make those clocks and larums of the warres his fatall Drummes to beate two houres before day-light Arme Arme Repaire to your Colours keepe your Orders stand to your Armes these were the morning summons to awaken the heartie souldiers from a cold a hard and an earthly lodging The Armie was easie to be put in order for that the most part of it had laine and slept in Battaglia One while was the King purposed to have advanc't and falne on presently but the warre being Gods cause he would like David and Himselfe first aske counsell of the God of Battells and at least recommend His owne cause unto Him The Drummes having beaten the first March Hee caused prayers to be read to himselfe by his owne Chaplaine Doctor Fabritius and where there were Ministers at hand the same was done thorow every Regiment of the Army The morning proved so mistie that it was not possible to see which way to march nor where to find an enemie to strike at And this vnluckily staid the Kings thoughts from advancing presently This was a fogge of advantage unto Walenstein who purposing but to stand his ground which by working all night about the ditch and high-way his Pioners had made more troublesome to be assaulted was now resolued that if he must fight he would there abide the first shocke and no way to seeke the Battell or to mooue towards his Adversarie About 8. a clocke the mist brake up and but for one mischance in it promised as faire a day as ever was 6th of November As it beganne to cleere the King tooke occasion to encourage up his souldiers and going to his owne Subiects first The Kings Orations he to this purpose bespake them My deare brethren carry your selues bravely this day fight valiantly a Gods name to the Swedes for your Religion and for your King This if you doe Gods blessing and the peoples praises shall be your guerdon and you for ever shall even be laden with an honourable and a glorious memoriall nor will I forget to reward you nobly If you play the Pultrons I here call God to witnesse that not a bone of you shall ever returne againe into Sweden To the Germane Troopes this was the Oration To the Germanes ô you my Brethren Officers and fellow-souldiers of the Germane nation I here most earnestly intreate and beseech you to make full tryall of your valours this one day against your enemies Fight manfully against them this day both with me and for me Be not faint-hearted in the Battell nor for any thing discouraged Set me before your eies and let me be your great example even me who dreadlessely for your cause am here readie to adventure my life and blood to the uttermost of any danger This if you doe there is no doubt but that God himselfe will from Heaven reward you with a most glorious victorie of which both your selues and long posteritie shall plentifully enioy the benefits This if you doe not farewell for ever to your Religion and your liberties must for ever remaine enslaved These Orations of the Kings being from both nations with a horride clashing of their Armour and with cheerefull vowes and acclamations answered the King as cheerefully then replied And now my hearts let us on bravely against our enemies and God prosper our endeavours Sprightfully withall casting up his eies to Heaven he with a loud voyce thither sent up this forcible ejaculation Iesu Iesu Iesu The Kings Prayers vouchsafe thou this day to be my strong helper and give me courage this day to fight for thy glorie and the honour of thy great Names sake This Praier according to other Relations I find that he sometimes thus varied for he led on praying ô my Lord Iesu Sonne of God! blesse these our Armes and this dayes Battell for thine owne glory and holy names sake This said he drew out his sword which waving over his head hee advanced forward the formost of all his Army His royall person was that day waited upon His attendance by Duke Francis Charles of Saxon-Lawenburg and by some of his Maiesties owne neerest servants The Lord Crailsham also Great Master or Marshall of his Majesties Houshold had the leading of a bodie of Reformadoes which were especially commanded to waite upon the Kings owne person And amongst these were our English and Scottish Gentlemen and Officers whom as I have before told you the King had at Schleusing heretofore Reformed Of this Bodie which consisted of severall nations were there still 3. or 4. close about the King readie to be sent with orders up and downe the Armie who were still supplied by Crailsham The King was that day attired as usually he was accustomed in a plaine Buff-coate and un-armed Some report that a tendernesse he had in his shoulder where a Musket bullet had a long time stucke would not suffer him to endure armour And therefore when he was this morning desired to put on his Corslet he said The Lord God was his Armour and refused it The Kings Watch-word was the same which had beene of so good an Omen His Watch-word before at Leipsich GOTT MIT VNS God with Vs. The Generall Walensteins being now the same which Tillyes then was IESVS MARIA This was the Kings order of Embattailing His whole Army which now after he had left some at Naumburg and at Weissenfels was betweene 17 and 18000 men hee devided into two Fronts and each of these into the Wings and Battell with their Reserves Each of the Wings were composed of sixe severall Regiments or Squadrons of Horse lined with five severall Bodies His Order of Commanded Muskettiers every one of which Bodies had two small Drakes or Feilding Peeces which advanced playing still before them The Battell in each Front consisted of foure Brigades of Foot a Reserve of Foot being betwixt the two middle Brigades of the first Front and a Reserve of Horse hindmost of all betwixt the two middle Brigades of the Reere or Second Front Before each Brigade marcht sixe Peeces of greater Ordnance and thus much the first sight of the Figure showes you The Right Wing markt with the Letter I was led by the King himselfe whose place is to be seene just over the said letter and number 6. neere
of God and his Church beene concluded and settled and doe generally all of us oblige our selues to remaine in the same forme discipline and truth of Religion according to the revealed truth of Gods holy and heavenly Word and the Articles of our Christian beleefe contained in the 3. Creedes that is to say the Apostles Creede the Nicene and of Athanasius together with the true and invariable and ulalterable Confession of Augspurg In a word as it hath formerly beene solidely concluded in the Councell of Vpsal 5th Article 5. Fifthly Whereas our Queene as yet is not come to her compleate yeeres and full age so that she can be sufficient of her owne selfe and ability to defend and Governe the Kingdome and the Realme we could wish and happy were we if it had beene so that there had beene a full decree and order made by his Maiesty of blessed Memory and the Princes and States of the Realme so that in the same there had beene comprehended whatsoever in this respect we ought to have cleaved unto But since it is otherwise and must needs be so and that wee doe understand that his renowned Maiesty of blessed memory did commit his intent and resolution concerning this matter to the Councell and Lords of this State and had often commanded and desired them to conceive a right order concerning the same which they having performed and therein declared their opinion and shewed the same to his Maiesty with his full approbation yet notwithstanding by reason of his sudden death and other occasions thereupon ensuing hath it not had its full effect although wee may well wish it had Therefore in this case we have read and manifested the said order made by his Maiesty in his time to some of the cheefe amongst us and of our State who as they haue found the same most sound and wholsome so could we wish that the same were published to the common view and eyes of all men and might be confirmed and ratified unanimously by us all and so be published But whereas we doe also perceive and understand that divers instructions and necessary appurtenances belonging thereunto by reason of the shortnesse of time could not conveniently be in readinesse we notwithstanding being desirous to further the welfare and State of the Realme in all good manner of proceeding and likewise that his Maiesty our most gracious and renowned King of blessed memory his will and care for which we are for ever bound to extoll his Maiesties name and memory may really be performed and executed we do especially all of us in the name of the whole State and Realme desire and ordaine that the same decree and ordinance of his Majesty shal be put in execution and performed in the best maner and forme that may be possibly for the good and welfare of our Realme and Countries by the 5. chiefe States and Officers of the Realme to wit 1. The Lord high Steward 2. Marshall 3. Admirall 4. Chancellor 5. Treasurer And in the absence of the one or other or of any the Eldest of the Councell of State shall supply the place And these 5. shall be in lieu and place of Government of her Maj for the Kingdome of Sweden untill her Maj be grown by Gods grace to perfect yeers And this businesse have we sufficiently pondered For wheras the said five States and Lords have ever beene of Councell with his Maiestie of blessed memory and have undergone and waded thorow the most weightiest affaires of the whole Kingdome wee have thought good unanimously with one generall consent to ordaine and establish as well for our Associates and Brethren as for our selues that from henceforward the five aforesaid Grand and Chiefe Officers of the State and Realme and in either the one or the other his absence the Eldest of our Councell of Stockholm being of the same Colledge and Assembly supplying the place for the welfare and managing of the State of our Kingdome and the Tuition of our Queene shall governe and beare rule during the Minority and Nonage of her Maiesty onely in her name and stead and without any preiudice to the Realme or State or violation or breach of the Lawes Rites and Priviledges of the same but rather powerfully for her Maiesty maintaining the five brotherly Offices and State-Rankes To wit Courtright Councell Councell of War Admiralty Chauncery and Treasury or Exchequer as the same have beene by former Kings instituted established and upheld especially by our last King of blessed memory Gustavus the 2d. Also all dexterity shall be vsed and employed by them for the maintaining and upholding of the Swedish Rights Lawes Iustice and Policy as farre as their vttermost industry and power shall be able to extend defending protecting all manner of waies the Realme and Kingdome and whatsoever depends upon it In such wise as they in their Conscience shall be willing to answer before God the Queene and the State when they shall be thereunto called And as these doe at this present oblige themselues to those that are and hereafter shall be called into Authority and as they doe now oblige themselues by oath On the other side We the Peeres and Lords of the Realme doe promise to yeeld unto these five selected Chiefe Offices and to the Eldest of the Councell that shall supply either of their roomes not onely all worthy respect and honour but also all obedience and submissiue subiection in whatsoever they shall require and command us tending to the glory of Almighty God the good and welfare of the Queene and of the State and Common-wealth And in case any one should goe about to oppose and to crosse this manner of proceeding or government either in deed or word We shall by all our powers labour to suppresse such insolencies and to punish such parties and so constraine them to true obedience 6. 6th Article Sixthly Whereas our Kingdome and Countrey is as yet in an open Warre and Hostility against the Roman Emperour and the Popish League in Germany We professe our selues desirous and resolved to maintaine it as the same hath not onely beene undertaken furthered and happily maintained but sealed also with the very blood of our most renowned and blessed King even with our uttermost power and endeavours untill it shall please Almightie God in his due time to establish and settle a happy and desired peace for the good of his Church Whereas also it is most necessary that wee Arme strengthen and provide our selues against other accrewing and newly growing enemies and to have a speciall care to prevent all dangers and oppositions which may ensue we have therefore ordered and ordained and doe now will and ordaine That the same Edict and Proclamation which the last Harvest time was concluded and confirmed shall with all speed and expedition be published through out the whole Realme and Kingdome directly according to the same forme as we first ordered with condition that all mens rights and priviledges
shall thereby be kept inviolable And by these presents we doe promise and doe freely consent and grant with and upon mature deliberation that in case the neede and necessity of the Kingdome shall so require whether it be by reason of the enmity that we are already fallen into or in respect of some new enemies which haply may make opposition and enmity against our most gracious young Queene and the State of this Kingdome in one manner or other then we with life and goods are ready and willing to maintaine our right and liberties and to stand with all our might and ability in opposition against all such as shall dare to confront and withstand our proceedings 7th Article 7. Seventhly We know well enough that no Kingdome can possibly subsist without means neither can any Warre be rightly managed without great charges And therefore we have likewise thought fit and good that the Lille and Quarne Toll or Custome shall be continued for the good and profit of the Kingdome according to the order and manner as the same is now raised and received As also that the Messengerships granted the last yeere shall for this time goe forward and take place Moreover if so be that the Warre in Germany should yet longer continue or if it should happen that our Kingdome and Countrey should fasten upon some other warre and trouble We doe likewise promise and oblige our selves That when thereupon we shall be required by the Peeres States and Lords of the Realme Wee will with all our meanes power and abilities stand and fight for our Religion Queene Kingdomes and liberties Whensoever necessity shall thereunto invite us For we have ever hitherto esteemed the welfarre of our Kingdome and State to be our chiefest happinesse and therefore haue couragiously adventured both our goods and lives upon it To this wee oblige our selves by these Presents That We in all these particulars above written are resolved and have unanimously generally and particularly in our owne and in the behalfe of our brethren present and absent as well unborne as borne freely and willingly consented agreed approoved and concluded and therein sufficiently accorded and doe promise as faithfull religious and true sincere meaning Subiects to performe the same Wee the Councell State c. of Sweden have Vnderwritten and Sealed Actum At Stockholm the 14. of March 1633. The Diet of Heilbrun ANd that the Reader for a Farewell may perceiue the present constitution of the affaires in the Empire and in what good correspondency the Protestant Princes are at this present one with another and how well disposed to the continuance of the warres for so good a Cause I will conclude my Booke with that new League of these 4. Principall Circles of the Empire that is to say The Franconian Suevian the Vpper and Lower Circles of the Rhine made in the Diet of Heilbrun in the Dukedome of Wirtemberg 18. English miles from Heidleberg in the moneths of March and April last past that so my Story may end as it begun with a Diet. What Princes were present There were personally present at this meeting the Duke of Wirtemberg and the Administrator the Marquesse of Baden the Count of Hanaw with the most of the 17. Earles of Wetteraw For the Prince Elector Palatine and the Administrator Lodowicke Broâ—her to the King of Bohemia were there 4. Commissioners whereof Colonell Peblitz being the chiefe he sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed towards him and he had the opening of all letters in place of the Elector Palatine There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imp. Cities in these 4. Circles The Lord Chancellor Oxenstiern by whose procurement this Diet had beene convoked had his lodging in the towne and came not at all into the State-house among the Princes but sent them in this discourse and these Propositions following which were the grounds and materialls for the Diet to worke upon His stile in the present Diet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High-borne the Hereditary Heyer and Princesse of the Crowne of Sweden And with this Declaration he began his Propositions Illustrious and Right Honourable Princes and States Evangeliacall here assembled I will not too much trespasse upon your patience Oxenstierns Propositions with an over tedious recitall of the Causes upon which the High and mighty Prince of ever-glorious memory Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. was enforced to take Armes and openly to make opposition against the Roman Emperour Ferdinand the Second of that name and his confederates the Catholike Leaguers more and more at that time every day prevailing in their oppressions of the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States and of their Honours priviledges and immunities all the Romane Empire over yea and most iniuriously beginning to encroach upon the next neighbour Princes and their Provinces forasmuch as these things be notorious unto the world and that the Iustice of the Kings Armes be by no man doubted of And yet some briefe recapitulation doe I thinke convenient to make of them Most apparent it is that his said sacred Maiesty now at rest in the Lord was without any formall denuntiation of warre infested by the Emperor His Ambassadors comming with the offer and meanes of a peaceable compounding of depending Controversies most disgracefull entreated yea and contrary to all lawes of nations and civility not without scornefull affronts offered turned home againe and the whole Treaty by that vsage abruptly broken off with him That his subiects of Sweden even contrary to long usage amity and Covenants heretofore in generall contracted with the Romane Empire and in particular with certaine neighbour Princes and Free-States have beene disturbed in their Commerces Embargo's laid upon their Ships and fetters upon their saylers That the Catholike Leaguers likewise notwithstanding that among other Electors of the Empire they had beene requested that they would be pleased to forbeare the making themselues parties in these differences but rather to seeke how to find redresse for them and notwithstanding that at the request of the French King confederated with his sacred Maiesty there had beene Neutrality granted unto the said Leaguers if so be they thought good to accept of it yet did they not onely refuse that Neutrality but entred also into a stricter confederation of warres against his said Maiesty and conioyning their forces under their Generall Tilly with those of his Imperiall Maiesty they forbare not to doe their uttermost against the said King whom out of pure necessity they by this meanes enforced in hostile manner to oppose himselfe against all of them And notwithstanding that these and the like motives which for brevities sake be here omitted doe sufficiently iustifie his said Maiesties Armes-taking being he was enforced to them yet this is the thing above all the rest to be considered the devises namely
and vast projects of the House of Austria not onely famous in discourse all the world over but so farre actually advanced already and so neere to execution that the very principall Ports of the Dukedomes of Mecklenburg and of Pomerland were really already seased upon and the Imperialists wholly by this time busied in rigging out such a fleete as might be able not onely to disturbe the Commerce betwixt the neighbour Kingdomes but also at pleasure to divert it to other places By this meanes should the Spanish yoake be first put upon the shoulders of the Northerne people and from thence as the fittest place for such a purpose might it be flung upon the necks of all other Kingdomes and Common-wealths in Europe And iust in the selfe same manner and upon no other reason was that most ancient Family of Mecklenburg without hearing of their cause or any legall formalities of Proceedinge actually and de facto despoyled of their iust Principalities and Royalties The Dukedome of Pomerland likewise without any colour of right at all contrary to all equity and deservings was actually seased upon yea contrary to all covenants and sincere promises of the Emperour more then barbarously entreated The most iust King therefore seeing by the excellent acutenesse of that Iudgement which God from on high had endowed him withall he was easily able to foresee what all this was likely in the end to tend unto resolved to connive no longer at so prevailing and daily more apparent a mischiefe but iudg'd it to belong to him and to his neighbour King against whom also these and the like projects were a hammering in time to prevent this encroaching danger Vnto this was his Maiesty the more provoked by the serious consideration of the Romane Empire and the most lamentable condition which within these few yeeres last past it had beene brought unto wherein he observed that those Princes that were neerest to him in the bond of Blood or Religion were partly disseised of their Countries and their dignities and either thrust into Banishment abroad or tyrannised upon at home sometimes by their equalls and which worse is even by their inferiours otherwhile domineer'd upon and with skomes and contumelies abused His Maiesty perceiued withall how these Princes with their neighbours were with a continuall feare kept under their rights without all respect wrung from them the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire overturned and that the other party might at pleasure doe what they lusted were the Princes overcharged with the Imperiall Armies And to cast the fairer glosse of Iustice upon all this was that most extremely preiudiciall unto the Evangeliacall Electors States and Princes The late Imperiall Decree pretended for the restitution of the Church goods forsooth and the execution of it By these devices was there nothing of the ancient Empire Customes and Constitutions left unviolated the peace both of Church and Common-wealth was disturbed the Sanctions and Constitutions of the Empire prophaned the orders for convoking and holding of Diets abused broken and subverted the articles and practice of Commerce with neighbour States innovated and distracted yea all places thorow the whole wide Empire filled with complainings teares and sighings All these miseries did so cordially affect that blessed King and most valiant Champion who being a Christian Evangeliacall neighbour Prince had also his share in these sufferings and was by the pride and insolency of the adversaries withall enforced to take Armes that he supposed it well became him not to be forgetfull of the Princes of his owne blood and Religion and that he ought withall to give way unto that evident Divine calling which pressed him to endeavour the delivery of Gods people And what event hath followed upon this his resolution from the first undertaking unto this very day is sufficiently every where made manifest Namely that his Maiesty cleered first of all the Coasts and Port townes of Pomerland and of Mecklenburg of the enemy restored the Dukes of Mecklenburg againe into their Countries freed the Electorate of Brandenburg chased away the enemy from the banks of the river Elb and how after the Victory of Leipsich he led on his owne Armies against the Catholike Bishopricks and Electorates and how those Leaguers whose businesse chiefly was which way handsomelyest to devide the lands of the Evangeliacal Electors Princes and States and to live upon their bloods He made to play least in sight and to shift themselves away out of their owne houses which they erewhiles supposed had beene so surely founded By which victorious proceedings of his Maiesty the whole course of the businesse was so turned about againe that the Electors Princes and States Evangeliacall in the Empire who must suffer before and say nothing tooke courage now to put their heads into the world againe and to looke after the recovery of their ancient liberties and Dominions yea and to grow so bold upon it as to goe thorow with the Diet of Leipsich and to resolue upon such Conclusions there as apparently made show of their purpose to conserve and defend the declining liberties both of their Country and their Consciences yea and boldly to make demonstration unto the Emperour of their being sensible of the vniustnesse of his Proceedings And notwithstanding that before the Decrees of that Diet could be brought to perfection they were by the over-powring inundation of the Imperiall and Leaguer Armies washt away into nothing and their assumed weapons beaten out of their hands againe yet did the selfe same Princes after the Leipsich Victory so well recollect their deiected courages and the greater part of them by single and private confederacies so inter-league themselues with the Maiesty and Crowne of Sweden that either by re-assuming the performance of the Decrees of that Diet or by some other reall and actuall engagement they did wholly commit themselues unto his Maiesties sole direction and protection And thus from that time untill this together with the said King have they taken up Armes together with and for the Crowne of Sweden against the Emperour and the Leaguers Which Armes hitherto the Lord of Hosts them graciously assisting have they honourably maintained and though with much perill yet not without much happinesse His Maiesty of ever honoured memory had of long time verily desired nothing more then how he might consolidate the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States by a common league into one and the same Body of Confederacy But for that the power of the enemy still with such fiercenesse pressed in upon him he could never find himselfe at so much good leisure as the bringing about of so difficult a businesse would require of him For which reason He iudg'd it most conducing to the common interest to enter into some particular and as it were preparatory Confederacies in the meane time that the Cause notwithstanding might effectually goe on untill some fairer opportunitie of occasion might at length bee presented unto his Maiesty as well to provide for
townes in Misnia  28 Pappenheim joynes with him November November 1 Comes to Naumburg 1 Sends backe some Horse to Leipsich and remooves his Army to Weissenfels 2 His religious speech to the people 3 Entrenches 4 Hath Coloredoes Letter brought him 4 Sends Pappenheim to Hall and mooves to Lutzen 5 Falls amongst Walensteins Quarters 5 Prepares for the Battell 6 The victory of Lutzen 6 Overthrowne and retires to Leipsich 7 The Kings body embaulmed 7 His Army flyes in disorder towards Bohemia 8 c His Army flyes in disorder towards Bohemia The Index to the Third Part. A ALtemberg Castle the great fight about it p. 39 c. Armies sent for by the King their Stories 28 Articles at the yeelding of Zwicka 93 At the yeelding of Leipsich Castle 107 Propounded by Walenstein unto Hall 109 At Kniphausens recovery of Leipsich Castle 175 At the Swedes recovering of Chemnitz 172 and of Zwicka 176 B. BAnier employed towards Tirole 34 His actions in Bavaria ib. goes towards Norimberg to the King 35 shot before Walensteins Leaguer 38 Battel of Lutzen begings 125 Bavaria Duke Ioynes with Walstein 2 His Forces 7 mooves Walstein to assault the King 17 invites Pappenheim 17 Bavaria Dukedome some actions in it 34 the State in which the Swedes left it 35 The King marches up into it 59 His Acts there 61 Bayreit taken by Walstein 85 Bernard of Saxon-Weymar his actions about the Bodensee and about the Danubye 33 and in Bavaria 35 goes towards Norimberg to the King ibid. joynes with Oxenstiern 36 His actions at Altemberg Castle 42 and 49 Left with halfe the Army in Franconia 58 His good service there 69. 88 his valour in the Battell of Lutzen 146 Hath halfe the Swedish Army committed to him 178 Birckenvelt Palatine defeats some Imperialists in Franconia 29 Left with an Army in Bavaria 64 Brandistein takes Naumburg 73 C. CHemnitz in vaine besieged by Holck 94 Taken by Gallas 98 Recovered by the Swedes 176 Campe the King formes a new one by Walenstein 47 Walstein formes one at Weida 91 Coloredo a Letter of his brought to the King 119 Fetches his Captaine out of Weissenfels 114 Hee commanded Walensteins Right Wing in the Battell 129 Complement betwixt Bavaria and Walstein 83 84 Crabats Garlick-eaters 23 Take the Schollers of Altorff 51 a Partee of them defeated 61 c. and by the King 54 and in Bavaria 61 Their Barbarisme in Misnia 100 Cratz recovers Munchen 34 Culmbach towne puts off Walstein 85 D. DANISH Ambassadour makes some offers concerning a Peace 27 Dubatell sent to Freienstat 18 burnes the Magazine there 19 puts Walstein from Coburg Castle 87 E. ELector of Saxony his constancy 91 The King goes to joyne with him 120 Emperour well pleased with Walstein 21 What his Court gave out of the King of Sweden 27 Emperours Court how it tooke the newes of the Battell of Lutzen 156 Empire the State of it whilest Walenstein lay at Norimberg 77 English and Scottish of my Lord Marquesse Hamiltons Army reduced 30 taken on by Duke William ibid. cashiered by the King 71 two English Gentlemen taken prisoners by the Crabats 118 carryed prisoners into Prague 143 Ensigne of the Eagle and Fortune presented to the King of Sweden 124 Erfurt the King musters at it 71 saved by the Kings comming 110 Explication of the Figure of the Battell of Lutzen 165 F. FIght before Walensteins Trenches 38 the great fight Aug. 24. 40 Friedberg in Bavaria burnt 34 G. GAllas sent out by Walenstein takes Lauff 96 Takes townes in the Vpper Palatinate and in Voitland 98 Ioynes with Holck 99 Their Actions after it 100 Sent towards Silesia 102 Grave Neeles slaine at Lutzen 154 H. Mr. HArvey unfortunately drowned 39 Hepburn St. Iohn Commands three Brigades before Norimberg 5 Employed by the King in the great fight Aug. 24. 43 44 45 The Author beholding to him 46 Holck-Major Generall of the Horse to Walenstein 8 Sent into Misnia 16 His doings there 92 Takes Zwicka 93 Raises his siege of Chemnitz 94 forced by the Saxons to retire Ioynes with Gallas 99 His Acts with him afterwards 99 100 Ioynes with Walstein 102 Made Leiftenant Field-Marshall 130 Mightily rewarded by Walenstein 158 The onely man in credit with him ibid. K. KIng of Sweden noble of his word 1 Like to overthrow the Duke of Bavaria 2 Sends for his Armyes 5 His strength ibid. and Leaguer ibid. His answere to Walensteins Courtsship 16 defeats Sparre 21 His Oration 23 His integritie in these warres 25 26 payes his Army 26 Sets upon Walensteins trenches 38 c. His sudden judgement upon view of Altemberg Castle 43 Hâ— encamps by Walstein 47 The soale of his Boot shot away 49 labours to cut off Walsteins victuals 50 Goes out upon a Partee 53 defeats the Crabats 54 Rises from Norimberg 575 King of Sweden How he contents the Norimbergers concerning his rising 56 Goes to Nieustat 58 devides his Army ibid. goes towards Bavaria 59 overthrowes 400 Crabats and passes the Lech 61 Recovers Rain in Bavaria 62 Comes out of Bavaria to goe after Walstein 63 Comes to Norimberg 68 Defeats Col. Munich 68 Recovers up to Duke Bernards Army 69 Musters at Erfurt 71 Comes to Naumburg 73 Not purposed to have fought when he did 120 Goes to joyne with Saxony 121 Thinks to fall in among Walensteins Quarters which the night hinders 123 Rowtes two Regiments 124 Slaine 137 His Character 181 His Daughter Elected Q. of Sweden 190 The Imperialists honourable testimony of him 154 King of Bohemia sicke 23 Recovered in the Field 38 Kniphausen Sergeant-Major Generall to the King keeps the Passe at Furt 37 the commendation of him 56 left to guard Norimberg 57 Takes Lauff 67 Disswades the Battell of Lutzen 120 Kniphausens good service in the Battell of Lutzen 146 1â—7 Recovers Leipsich Castle 178. Appointed to bee a Felt-Marshall by the Kings Will. 178 L. LAndgrave goes towards the King 29 defeats some Imperialists in Franconia ibid. Lauff taken by Gallas 96 Recovered by Kniphausen 67 Leaguer of the King about Norimberg described 5 Walensteins 8 Lech river the King passes it 61 Leipsich summoned by Walenstein 103 The towne taken 106 And the Castle 107 Recovered by Kniphausen 174 Letter of the Baron of Dudroff 46 of Walenstein to the Leipsichers 103 Letter of Coloredo's brought to the King 119 Lunenburg Duke comes to joyne with Saxony 121 M. MAgazine of Freienstat destroyed 19 Mist advantageous and disadvantageous at the Battell of Lutzen 136 Mitzvall a Swedish Colonel executed 60 62 Monte-Cuculi takes Rain in Bavaria 60 N. NAumburg taken by the King 73 Norimberg the King encamps about it 2 The towne described 6 the mortality in the town 23 Neustat upon the Aisch the King goes thither with the Army 58 O. ORation of the King of Sweden to his Army at Norimberg 23 Before the Battell of Lutzen 126 Oxenstiern concludes the Neutralitie with Cullen 28 Sets out with an Army from Mentz
and 220 of our Second Part. In what estate the countrie himselfe were now in t is best knowing out of his owne Letters written unto Iames Hannibal Count of Ems which were by the way intercepted MY LORD I Yesterday received a Letter from the Marquesse William of Baden and the sad newes in it Furstenbergs letter and complaint of the falling of the Marshall Horn with 10000 men into his Marquisate That also he had required 300000 Florens from him in present paiment and a place of Rendezvous for 4 fresh Regiments I am very sorrie to see him made a beggar as I my selfe am though otherwise there be no comparison betwixt us he having received at the Emperors hands so brave and good a countrey as is his Marquisate whilest I for mine owne part have neither master nor money Thus am not I able to help him nor he me nor you either of us I had before spent almost all I had in these warres and now am I utterly ruined of the residue And thus much could I not but give you part of that you might helpe to condole with us Your LO PS true friend and servant Eggon Count of Furstenburg Heyligenburg Septemb. 8. 1632. THis conquest was felt as farre as the Count of Hanaw-Lichtenbergs possessions all the Lords and Gentlemen on that side the Rhine being likewise made sensible of it The Kintzinger-dale was againe opened for the Strasburgers The advantage of these Conquests and the way quite cut off from the Imperialists that no succours could passe from Schwabland or Italie By this conquest was all cleere againe from Strasburg unto Kitzingen in Franconia to the North-Eastward to Rotweil upon the Neckar in Schwabland to the South-Eastward on the 3 side unto Vdenheim in the Palatinate and on the 4 side quite through the Hercinian forrest or the Swartz-walt into Bavaria All this was by these conquests put into the power of the King of Sweden Some say that the griefe of of this newes added some speeding malignity unto the Arch Duke Leopolds infirmities which Prince now lying for his pleasure at Swatz in Tirole The Archduke Leopold dyes was unexpectedly and after much hunting taken with a Catarrhe in his head which fell downe and put one of his eyes out which being followed with a fluxe and a continuall feaver in few dayes made an end of him He dyed September 13 at which time his Imperial Majesty likewise was most unprincely hādled by an unmannerly rebellious Quartan ague and the Emperor is sick of a Quartane The Archduke dyed in an ill time seeing at this instant his owne Estates laid open to the prey his familie all embroyled his Allyes much adoe to subsist his faire hopes blasted his great designes returned upon himselfe his enemies beginning apace to be many and his friends few his neighbours not much to be relyed on for that they beganne to recall the bad remembrances of ancient and forepassed jealousies and mis-intelligences In this ill time dyed the Archduke who had he lived but 2 moneths longer would well have cheered up himselfe with the death of the King of Sweden Presently after the death of this Leopold his Counsellors take care for the ensuring of the passages of his countrey of Tirole and confirme Marquesse William in his Generallship against Gustavus Horn helping to make him up an Armie of 4000 men with which hee kept himselfe about Ensisheim To returne to our Swedish Felt-Marshall The countrey on that side of the Rhine being thus ranged into order the selfesame Wednesday night that Ortenburg castle was taken upon did Gustavus Horn with certaine of his troopes Horn returnes to Strasburg both Horse and Foot passe Strasburg bridge againe himselfe lodging the same night within the citie His forces went to their old quarters againe beyond the river Ill whither a little after that the rest of his Armie followed The Wirtembergers returned into their owne Countrie first and so towards the Bodensee and that to divert the Imperialists from disturbing Horn at his siege of Benfelt as by and by wee shall tell you On Thursday September 6. did Count Henrie of Nassau Dillingberg come and joyne his Regiment unto the Swedish Armie Friday the 7 of September being the Anniversarie day of the famous victory of Leipsich was a day of devotion both in the Camp and Citie to the celebrating whereof the Lord-Marshall was himselfe gone into his leaguer There were Prayers added unto the Thanksgiving going thence to the siege of Benfelt for the prospering of the designe intended and that was the siege of Benfelt which by an Expresse the same evening his Excellencie certified the Strasburgers of and that he would the next morning put himselfe upon his march thitherward The place is in the lower Alsatia which there beginneth on the Westerne banck of the river Ill which having run 12 or 14 English miles further through Strasburg drops presently into the Rhine East of the towne which is but a very small one is the river The place of the towne is by a morasse the river there branching out into at least 20 small Ilets Before it is there a hillie and a woodie countrey The Citie of Strasburg had some pretences to it The towne described and it now was a troublesome neighbour unto it that holding for Prince Rodolfe William Bishop of Strasburg second sonne unto his Imperiall Majestie T is a royall fortification and a regular in forme of a spurre or Mullet 5 cornered The walls strongly beset with towers and rundells the Bulwarks thick and high with two wett ditches about them and on the East side a little Suburb washed by the river All this was very strongly pallisadoed with some outworks to it A worck is was said to be of well neere 20 yeares fortification Count Herman Adolph Count of Salm Rifferschet Statholder or Governour of the Bishoprick of Strasburg in which Benfelt standeth and Deane of the same Strasburg The Rhinegrave is of this Family of Salm. had excellently well provided it of victualls and ammunition some peeces of full Canon had they upon their Bullwarcks which shot 48 pound bullet Their garrison was about 800 Foot and 140 horse some of their Foot being sturdie Boores which there learned to be soldiers Their Governor was one Colonell Bulach a discreet Gentleman and a very resolute Commander Saturday September the eight did his Excellencie Gustavus Horn advance thitherward That very night did his vantguard take in some Mills with the Hospitall or cloister on the North side of the river which betwixt that and the towne had many great Ilets and branches cutting off and beating in some of these townsmen that had undertaken the guard of them Munday September the tenth beganne Horn to plant his Ordnance The siege laid which I heare to be 3 whole Canons 4 halfe Canons 12 fielding pieces and 4 mortars And now was he engaged upon a hard peece of service and all
Armies and that against all reason without any cause and besides all colour of right and justice wee are yet sensible of And which is worse then all this wee yet feele that when wee and our poore Subjects did at any time complaine or sue for justice or redresse wee were but scorned and rejected for our labours contrary to all lawes and rights of nations in generall and unto the Imperial Capitulations in particular as also against the peace of Religion and of Policie all Constitutions and Articles of the Empire and of the Circles thereof Wee have endured the most barbarous usage that might be in our said dominions Enquarterings namely Taxations Burnings Robberies Sackings of our townes and villages yea also and of putting to the sword innumerable innocent subjects of ours of all sorts The miserable estate of the Protestant Princes before the Kings comming into Germany for even thus were all of them served But wee haue since understood what their intent and drift then was in so doing by all force and violence namely to render us every where odious and to make a most miserable beggar of us withall by at once depriving us of our Countrey goods and subjects During all which proceedings of theirs and most lamentable sufferings of ours the worst of all yet was that upon those infinite complaints prayers cryes and lamentations which both by word of mouth letters and Ambassages we made unto his Imperiall Majesty your selfe and other Princes our Cosins c. wee were never able to obtaine so much as that any one of all these would once vouchsafe to take the lest pitty of our cases or shew any Christian compassion towards us as if wee had utterly beene uncapable yea unworthy altogether of any law Justice kindnesse favour or benefit By this meanes God is our witnesse wee being become a Prince rejected altogether by such as beare sway in the Empire found our selves and that upon just grievances not to bee longer endured enforced to take upon us such a resolution as is indeed lesse desperate and more salutarie then if wee had longer suffered and wincked at the said horrible and most enormous proceedings For this reason therefore have wee made allyance with those that by the most especiall providence of God and to their owne great hazzard dangers and expences are comne armed into Germany to the comfort of the Evangelicall Professors and consequent'y of our owne selves whom fighting for the just cause God hath already blessed with such notable victories as wee already most heartily thanke him for them Thus being obliged to seeke by Gods helpe together with our said Allyes and our sword which our enemies have by force put into our hands such a Peace and quietnesse as wee have not beene able heretofore to obtaine by any prayers or any even almost unworthy and unprincely and therefore unexcusable patience complaints or petitions Being now by these reasons obliged to take the same courses as your said league hath given us examples to doe and being now utterly robbed and despoiled of what was our owne to seeke what heretofore was not our owne Wherefore wee kindly pray you as being a most excellent and high member of the said Catholike league not to take it in ill part if wee now follow the Rule which is so solidly grounded upon Reason and Iustice Quod quis iuris statuerit in alium eo ipso ipse utatur That every man would be content to have the same sentence passe upon himselfe which he hath pronounced upon another And thus since there cannot at this present any end of these Germane miseries be expected without such conditions be first assented unto whereby those insupportable grievances of the Protestants may before-hand be removed and without the consent of such Princes not of us alone as the Catholicke League hath by force as it were drawne into this warre and in whose hands the right of peace-making yet remaineth And forasmuch as the Generall Director of the Protestant warre his royall Majesty of Sweden The King of Swedens Title given him by the Protestants by name our most deare and honoured Lord and Cosin hath appointed us what to doe untill either by the sharpnesse of our swords or rather by some faire meanes if it were possible such a true peace might once againe be setled whereby both our selves and posterities might become sufficiently assured of our safeties and that hereafter wee might no more stand in awe of the like miseries and abuses Meane while that such a peace is expected his said most Excellent Majestie hath promised us his royall Protection intending to bring all to consent unto such conditions and to give such assecurations as shall be sufficient to hinder all further bloodshed and destruction We therfore for our own parts now doe and ever hereafter shall according to our peaceable and Christian inclination so soone as ever wee shall understand the said Lord Generall Director and other interessed Princes to be satisfied in themselves and be pleased to signifie unto us the meanes whereby this warre which hath beene enforced upon them and us may have a happy conclusion offer our selves with all readinesse to performe whatsoever may become a Prince that keepes a good Christian Conscience within him and is not desirous of any troubles even as we have not been the causers of these miseries Thus Wee remaine Yours c. With this breaking in of the Landgraves into Westphalia and upon such a quarrell too was Francis William Bishop of Osnabrug though something out of the way so much affrighted that he fled speedily unto Cullen And there he thought himselfe yet at home seeing when hee was but Count of Wartenberg he had beene Major Dome Hoffmeister or Lord Steward unto that Elector till the yeare 1625 that he was chosen Bishop of Osnabrug But the Landgrave meant him not he was yet busie in Paderborn and Westphalia About the middle of October he first summons the Temporall Lords and Gentlemen of the Bishoprick to appeare before him to take the Oath of fidelitie to the King of Sweden and the Protestant Partie The Landgrave summons the Gentry of Paderborn to agree among themselves concerning the levying of the Contributions and to consult upon the enquartering of his soldiers Here did he give out Commissions also for some new levyes Thus doth he likewise in the jurisdiction of the Abbot of Corbey In the conquered places of Westphalia hee had at his first entrance published his Proclamation which was for the calling home of all such Westphalian soldiers as were in service either with the Emperor or Catholike leaguers giving them 6 weekes time to come in after which hee would sease upon what ever they had in the countrey Those of Westphalia send to agree with him The Catholickes of this Duchie of Westphalia being startled by the neernesse of the danger send their Deputies unto the Landgrave desirous to purchase their peace at the best hand of him
Elb 2 he blew up with gunpowder and left above 40 upon the walls Three hundred Quintalls of gunpowder each Quintall being 100 pound weight he left behinde him which had it not beene concealed from him hee would surely have put fire unto or have carryed away with him A world of Match was there left and of corne pease and oates great plenty And all this was found in it when as upon the Munday after Pappenheims going my Lord Marquesse entered it The Generall Baniers Army My Lord Marquesse enters Magdenburg staid about Kalbe till Duke William of Saxon-Weymar came into those parts to joyne with him to pursue Pappenheim and my Lord Marquesses men till towards the end of the moneth that they went towards Halberstate He and Banier part companies Their way lay Westward by Egelen 16 miles thence to Gruningen 12 miles whence 6 miles further unto Halberstat where they staid above a quarter of a yeare for the guard of the towne and countrey He going to To the King of Sweden till such time as they were taken on by Duke William as in the Kings Storie wee have told you From Halherstat upon the first of February went the Lord Marquesse towards the King of Sweden with whom the eleventh of the same moneth he arrived His Lordship as I have heard Sir Iacob Ashley tell who in that journey waited upon him was very graciously entertained by the King a concluding argument that what his Lordship had undertaken was very well accepted The King of Sweden besides his freedome of language wherein he used not to bee sparing against whatsoever had displeased him had a Spirit withall so highly mounted above all dissembling that it scorned to speake or to looke booty The Count of Pappenheim being arrived at Wolfenbuttle about the eleventh or twelfe of January Pappenheim goes from Wolfenbuttle hee leaves the luggage brought out of Magdenburg in this strong Citie and 1â—00 or 2000 men with the Lord of Glein to defend it This towne was sometimes the Court and Residence of the Dukes of Brunswick untill Tilly of late yeares had taken it from the King of Denmarke and thrust Duke Vlricke thence by the unrulynesse of an Imperiall garrison For the Duke perceiving he had no command over his subjects by reason of the garrison so soone as ever he had consented to the Diet of Leipsich he pretending to goe a hunting went to reside in Brunswick towne and never since that time returned into Wolfenbuttle About the middle of the moneth the Count of Pappenheim sets forward into the countrey of Lunenburg whose eldest Duke Christian of Zella-Lunenburg is now heir apparent unto the childlesse Vlrick of Brunswick before-named Before his going he sends to the Imperiall towne of Brunswick 7 English miles downe the same river of Onacre with Wolfenbuttle to the Northward His demand was to be by that Citie furnished with a Viaticum or proportion of provisions for his journey This being a very strong towne which the Dukes of Brunswick though often they have attempted it could never make themselves Masters of had the courage to deny him this motion Now marches he up into Lunenburg and of that Duke he demands contribution towards Lunenburg and that his strong towne of Zel upon the river Alre should take in a garrison from him There be 5 Brothers of these Dukes of Lunenburg as I heare and all unmarryed except Duke George The eldest I have before named The second Brother is Duke George the man now comming upon the stage of warre for which purpose he was at this instant at Hamborow about his Bills of Exchange and getting up of monyes To Duke Christian was Pappenheim said to write his letters to this purpose That he should send Commissioners to him Writes to Lunenburg to agree upon his contributions labour to hinder the levies of his brother George and if he could not that way prevaile with him hee should either arrest his bodie and keepe it safely in Zell or else send that and the men he had begunne to levie into his Army Some speake of Pappenheims threatning to besiege Zell but this the Duke perchance would not be much afraid of his town being very neere as strong as Wolfenbuttle To be briefe the Duke excusing himselfe and compouÌ„ds with him that he had no power over his brother agreed with Pappenheim to give him 40000 Dollars monethly contribution This was the Dukes cheapest course for hee well knew that Pappenheim could never stay to take up the first paiment of it Duke William of Saxon-Weymar the Landgrave of Hessen and the Generall Banier the Duke understood to bee all at this instant comming against Pappenheim so that he knew he could never be able to stay in his countrey But for this Pappenheim had the best of Lunenburg for that he had alreadie nestled himselfe in the Freyheit or Freedome the strongest part of the Dukes countrey His way to it from Wolfenbuttle was to Steinbruck on the river Fuse 18 English miles from Wolfenbuttle Thence passing by Hanover 30 miles further he settles himselfe at Betterlo in the Freyheit 10 English miles from the river Weser A place it is to the North of Hanover having a pretty strong castle by it both round encompassed with 2 woods the 2 rivers Aller and Leine divers ditches and Morasses Avoyding out of the countrey so that there is but hard comming at it But here could he not stay above 5 or 6 dayes for that hearing by this time of the Generall Todts taking of Wismar and his comming or about to come over the Elb to the defence of the Bishop of Bremen and Dukes of Lunenburg as also of Duke Williams Hessens and Baniers approaching on the other side upon him he fearing to be driven up into the middle betwixt them makes with all speed towards the strong towne of Hamelen upon the Weser he passes beyond the Weser He had a good minde it appeared to have lived with his Armie till the Spring in the Lunenburgers countrey but fore-dooming by the preparations that these winter-moneths might prove hotter to him then the Dog-dayes that was the reason that he by Hamelen passed over the Weser to Quarter himselfe in a quieter countrey And t was time for him to get Hamelen upon his back upon which his enemies would else have beene We told you before of the comming of 300 Imperialists under 7 Ensignes out of Damitz these at this instant comming out of Helmstat where at his going to Magdenburg wee told you he had left them towards Hamelen to joyne with Pappenheim 300 Imperialists defeated were mett withall by a Partee of 150 Horse of Generall Baniers and cut all in peeces or made turne to the Swedish party The reason that facilitated this defeate was for that they thought themselves so farre from enemies and so secure in that neerenesse to Pappenheim that they marcht without burning matches This towne of Hamelen is