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A15494	A loyal subiects looking-glasse, or A good subiects direction necessary and requisite for euery good Christian, liuing within any ciuill regiment or politique state, to view, behold, and examine himselfe in, that he may the better frame the course of his life, according to the true grounds of the duties of an honest and obedient subiect to his king, and to arme himselfe against all future syren songs, and alluring intisements of subtill, disloyall, dissembling, and vnnaturall conspirators, traitors, and rebels. Collected for the most part out of both olde and later writers, whose names are in the next page set downe. Wherevnto are brieflie added sixe speciall causes of vndutifull subiects disloyaltie. By William Willymat.	Willymat, William, d. 1615.	1604 (1604)	STC 25761; ESTC S120179	57,436	78

to set downe in this present treatise the true grounds of the most speciall duties which naturall subiectes are found to performe to higher powers whether they be supreame Maiestrates Magistrats and gouernours are of tvvo sorts as Emperors Kings and Princes Gods owne lieutenaunts vicegerents and deputies or whether they be their subordinate magistrates and inferior officers which also in their degrees and places are the ordinance of God for the good gouernment of men that vnder them they might lead a quiet and a peaceable life in all godlinesse and honestie The grounds of this present treatise or Loyall subiects looking-glasse for so not incongruently I haue entituled it in the beginning I purpose through Gods assistance to draw out of the words of Christ Iesus his owne mouth From vvhence the groūds of this present treatise are drawne which I haue thought not impertinent here to insert Giue vnto Caesar the things which are Caesars By the which word Caesar for so were the Romane Emperours called like as the Kings of Egypt were alwayes called Pharaos is not onely to be vnderstood the person of the Emperour Tiberius Caesar then raigning and ruling What is to be vnderstanded by the vvord Caesar The Anabaptists then neuer learned of Christ to disalovve Magistracy but also euery other Emperour King Prince and ciuill Magistrate temporall ruler worldly gouernour or officer whatsoeuer Moreouer by these words of our Sauiour Christ it is further to be vnderstanded and learned that he misliked not nor condemned but approoued allowed and confirmed all ciuill regiment politique state and order with all things that to it appertaine Now for the things which are Caesars that is for all duties which subiects doe owe and ought to performe to all their superiour gouernours and magistrates that is the matter which I haue here specially to deale with that is the marke which I haue chieflie to shoote at and those things by diligent reading searching and obseruing of learned authors both diuine and prophane I finde to be espedially fixe to wit 1. Sixe things especially due vnto Caesar Obedience 2. Feare 3. Honor. 4. Prayer 5. Tribute taxes subsidies c. 6. Not rashlie to take in hand or intermeddle with any part of Magistrates office without a lawfull calling Which said sixe duties of subiects due vnto their Caesar I haue comprehended in these verses following Sixe things by right are vnto Caesar due 1. Obedience first vnto his iust decrees 2. Next feare insixt in hearts of subiects true 3. The third is honour due from all degrees 4. The fourth for happie state of Prince to pray That God with peace may still his life prolong 5. And fifthy tribute willingly to paye Whereby his wealth may daily growe more strong 6. The sixe that none presume for glories sake Vuc●lde the parts of Magistrates to take CHAP. I. Concerning Obedience the first dutie of a loyall subiect ALL Emperours Kings Princes and other supreame Powers and Magistrats of what names or titles so euer according to the fashions and custome of all nations and languages that dwell in all the world are Gods Vizeroyes Vizegerents Lieutenants and Deputies here on earth and all subordinate and inferiour Maiestrates and Gouernours hauing their commission out of their principall commissions though but durante beneplacito at the will and pleasure of the higher power Wherefore magistrates vvere ordained yet for their time they are also ordained and appointed of God All such both supreme and inferiour ciuill magistrates are ministers armed both with lawes and sword to be nursers to Gods Church or people and Fathers to the common-wealth to guide gouerne and order the people within their seuerall circuites and charges whose hearts are in the Lords hands and the Lords sword in their hands to execute iustice and discipline as well in Ecclesiasticall as in all other causes for the benefit and good of the good and the punishment of the bad These are exalted and enthroned onely by the will and ordinance of God By whom the higher povvers are ordeined Prou. 8.15 VVis 6.23 So God himselfe protesteth saying By me Kings raigne and Princes decree iustice So doth the Wisemen tell and teach Giue eare yee that rule the multitudes and glorie in the multitude of the people for the rule is giuen you of the Lord and power by the most high Wisd 6.23 So the Prophet Daniel speaketh of God saying Dan. 2.25 He taketh away Kings and setteth v● Kings Yea more cleare is it then light it selfe that not onely good Emperours Kings and Princes are of God but also very tyrants and the worst Kings and Princes be they neuer so great an euill be they neuer so great a plague to their owne subiects or to their neighbour nations Good Kings are giuen of God in his great mercie Tytants bad Kings are also set vp and ordeined of God and wherefore and euill Kings in his wrath and iustice for the finnes of the people he giueth an euill king in his anger Hoseas ● 3.11 for the sinnes of the people he suffereth an hypocrite to raigne Iob. 34.30 Euill Princes are the instruments of Gods iustice and the executioners of his vengeance as their very titles declare for so was Ashur called the Rod of Gods wrath Esa 10.5 So was Nabuchodonozar King of Babel called Gods Seruant Ierem. 27.6 So did Attyla that most valiant Scythian Prince conquerour of diuerse countries kingdomes and nations call himselfe Flagellum Dei the Scourge of God So was Tamberlaine that cruell tyrant King of Parthia called Ira Dei and Terror orbis the wrath of God and the terrour of the world Vnto these and all such like were they good or bad among diuers other duties doth God himselfe appoint and commaund euery Christian subiect Obedience due vnto bad kings of what ranck or degree so euer to yeelde obedience This is one of those things which our Sauiour Christ spake of when he said Giue vnto Caesar the things which are Caesars Rom. 13.1 Thus saith his chosen vessell S. Paul Let euery soule be subiect to the higher powers for there is no power but of God and the powers that be ordeined of God Rom. Tit. 3.1 13. Also he writeth vnto Titus after this manner Put them in remembrance that they be subiect vnto Principalities and powers and that they be obedient c. Tit. 3.1 Saint Peter also taught by the same spirit saith Submit your selues vnto all maner ordinance of man for the Lords sake whether it be to the King as to the superiour or vnto Gouernours as vnto them that are sent of him for the punishment of euill doers and for the praise of them that doe well for it is the will of God that by well dooing yee may put to silence the ignorance of the foolish men 1. Pet. 2.13.14.15 Diuers and sundrie are the reasons and causes which should mooue and stirre vp Christian loyall subiects to this dutie of

A LOYAL SVBIECTS LOOKING-GLASSE Or A good subiects Direction necessary and requisite for euery good Christian liuing within any ciuill regiment or politique state to view behold and examine himselfe in that he may the better frame the course of his life according to the true grounds of the duties of an honest and obedient subiect to his King and to arme himselfe against all future Syren songs and alluring intisements of subtill disloyall dissembling and vnnaturall conspiraters traitors and rebels Collected for the most part out of both olde and later writers whose names are in the next page set downe Wherevnto are brieflie added sixe speciall causes of vndutifull subiects disloyaltie By WILLIAM WILLYMAT AT LONDON Printed by G. Elde for Robert Boulton and are to be sould at his shop at Chancerie lane end neere Holborne The names of the Authors out of which this present Treatise hath for the most part beene collected Augustine Ambrose Theophilacti Caluine Musculus Marlorate Hyperius Hemingius Piscator Iacobus Rex Bullinger Bucer Coruinus Luther Vrsinus M.H. Latimer Perkinsus Turnbull To the right vertuous excellent and most High and Noble Prince HENRIE by the grace of God Prince of Wales Duke of Cornewell Earle of Chester and heire apparant to the Realmes of England Scotland France and Ireland c. THE late gracious acceptance most worthy yong Prince with so prompt welwilling hand so amiable and pleasant a countenance and so kinde and courteous words of those mine hastie and bold attempted labours in translating into Latin and English verse the seuerall Precepts and Instructions of our dread Soueraigne your Fathers Maiesties ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΝ ΔΩΡΟΝ for your owne sake and vnto your owne selfe by him so Christianly fatherly painfully and learnedly first penned that Princes Looking-glasse or Princes direction for that title or inscription I then thought best befitting such an argument so benignly accepted of hath animated and encouraged me once againe to publish vnder your Graces Patrocinie an other Looking-glasse to wit this present Loyall Subiects Looking-glasse or a good subiects Direction a treatise I suppose in these our last dayes and perillous times very requisite and necessarie for all Christian subiects like as was the other for a Christian Prince A fault I confesse is by me here committed by this my second so bold an enterprise but yet Priùs perspecta clementia lenitate tua fretus in good hope you will beare with my wants and imperfections and accept and respect mine heart and plaine simple well meaning will and rather poyse the quantitie of mine affection and zeale to do good according to the gaine of that one poore talent that the Lord God hath committed vnto me then the qualitie of mine offence I haue aduentur●d towards the helpe and instruction of the rude and ignorant sort of subiects who want both good bookes and good teachers to publish this my sillie Treatise befitting silly subiects least through ignorance of their duties in true allegiance they might the sooner be seduced deceiued and withdrawne from giuing vnto Caesar that which is Caesars Simple and plaine indeed is this my worke I must simply confesse but yet an instrument of mine inward good affection and a faithfull witnessing messenger before both God and man of my well-willing and well-meaning heart Qui si non potui maxima parua dedi And if your Grace according to your former clemencie shall happily vouchsafe it that good successe as to come abroade to the view of the world vnder the wings of your benigne defence and fauourable protection then I doubt not but of the better sort it shall be the better accepted and also from the nipping cancred Cater-pillers the more freely escape vntaunted whose naturall inclination is rather to prie at the moates in other mens eyes and to carpe and finde faults with other mens dooings then to respect and perceiue beames in their owne eyes or endeuour to profit Gods Church and their country with any their owne better labours The euer-liuing God for his annointed Christ Iesus his sake graunt you his eternall fauour grace and blessing long and many happy yeares with your owne hearts desired felicitie to the aduauncement of Gods honour and glory to the ioye and comfort of all good faithfull Christian hearts to the terror of all your and our forreigne enemies and home-borne conspirators and to the happie conuersion or vtter confusion of the publique and priuate aduersaries of Gods eternall truth Your Graces most loyall and dayly humble Orator WILLIAM WILLYMAT To the Christian Reader GReat sundrie and manifold good Christian Reader are the enormities inconueniences and mischiefs which the lack of the right vse of Gods most sacred word and the diligent care to be gouerned and ouer-ruled by the same do bring breede and engender among mortall men O subtill serpent ô deceiptfull and too diligent Sathan euermore and euery where prying seeking and hunting like an hungrie and roaring Lyon for thy pray when irreligious Macheuillians apt schollers of that Italian helhound desperate carelesse Atheists obstinate dissembling corner-creeping Papists temporizing carnall and verball Protestants brainsick heady and male-contented Puritanes and such other like right borne children of this world haue once cast of the care the knowledge the vse and practise of that true lightsome Lanterne of Gods word which should haue serued to guide their actions and giuen light vnto their feete whereby they might haue troden in the right pathes of all goodnesse how busie diligent and readie art thou then with thy legions of reprobate Angels to stuffe and possesse the blinde ignorant obstinate wilfull rebellious male-contented hearts and busie braines of such men with ambition enuie malice heart burning discontentment of minde murmurings and grudgings dislike and contempt of the most Christian and best gouernment as not fitting nor agreeing with their humors slandering euill speaking and back-biting such as are in lawfull authoritie conspiracie treason sedition rebellion and infinite other mischiefes too many and too tedious here to recite How true this is as at sundrie other times heretofore so also now hath it proued it selfe by these last discoueries of some of our English disloyall vnnaturall and traiterous plotting practises and conspiracies The buildings and very foundations whereof the close and cunning conueying whereof yea though it were in the very fruite of a tree the mightie Lord God our onely buckler shield and sure fortresse according to his former accustomed goodnesse and mercifull dealings in our late Queene Elizabeths raigne hath vnto vs reueiled and detected yea dissipated frustrated vtterly confounded he for his holy names sake worke in our hearts vnfeined thankfulnesse for the same Now for as much as God hath appoynted admonitions and exhortations to encounter temptations least perhaps the deuill that old experienced and throughly practised enemie of mankind the chiefest author of these and all other such wicked and abhominable attempts should againe suggest and ingest the like lewde motions into the hearts of

in this case of obedience behaued themselues whose examples in this tempestuous and blustering world may serue as they were anckers or staues to stay and as it were firmely to stablish wauering minded subiects by and also examples of the worst sort of subiects whese ambitious aspiring mindes and enuious rebelling heads haue procured both their owne and their posterities most miserable ruine and vtter ouerthrowe that such like affected subiects as they were might by their precedent falles learne in time and beware and stoppe the beginnings of all disobedient rebellious and seditious practises For the better sort of subiects Tvvo of the best examples of obedient and dutifull subiects let Dauid his behauiour whiles he was yet a subiect out of the olde Testament and Christ Iesus his behauiour when he yet in his manhood wandred for a time and conuersed with vs here on earth out of the new Testament be set before our eyes to view and consider of for our learning and instruction in the steed name of all the rest as most fitte and liuely paternes for all good loyall and true hearted subiects to shape fashion and frame their duties by whereof Dauid when God had deliuered his bitter persecuting enemie King Saul into his hands in a Caue where Dauid and his men had hid themselues from the presence of Saul 1. Sam. 24.4.5.6 when and where Dauid wanted neither fit occasions nor exasperating counsaile to haue kild his aduersatie the King being so neare him that he had cut off the lap of his garment yet he abstained from so vndutifull a fact praying the Lord to keepe him from doing any such thing vnto his maister the Lords annoynted and with earnest entreatie ouercame his seruants that they should not arise against their King 1. Sam. 26 The like also fell out an other time not long after when Dauid and Abishai entred King Sauls camp both the King himselfe and all his hoast being cast on a deepe sleepe and came so neare the kings body that Abishai carnestly prayed Dauid to giue him leaue to smite the king with his owne speare affirming that he would lay it on so soundly that one stroake should serue to make him sure for euer yet Dauid would not consent vnto this Learne of Dauid not to yeeld to bad counsaile although it seeme neuer so good and necessarie but prayed the Lords as before to keepe him from laying his hands on the Lords annoynted Many examples before this had Dauid shewed of his prompt and ready obedience to his Soueraigne Lord and maister King Saul yea euen to the often hazerding of his bloud and life against the Kings enemies the Philistins as the bookes of Samuel in diuers chapters do testifie And here now in these two examples of sparing the Kings life being so straunglie deliuered into his hands he setteth forth a generall rule and lesson for all subiects in the world among all posterities What Dauids example doth teach not in any wise to resist higher powers nor by their owne priuate authoritie to take the sword in hand nor to consent to the taking of the sword in hand to kill or hurt any King or other supreme ruler and gouernour no not although it lye in their power neuer so easilie without any bloud shedding tumults or great broyles to effect the same This good subiect Dauid was so louing and kinde yea euen vnto a bad King his vndeserued enemie and euery where hunting after and thirsting for his innocent bloud that at the very last cast of King Saul when an Amalekite by his consent and request had slaine him and brought the first tidings thereof to Dauid supposing to haue receiued some great reward at Dauids hands for his newes vpon the knowledge there of Dauid after he had a while mourned and lamented the death of Saul he asked the messenger whether he were not affraide to laye hands on the Lords annoynted to destroy him and presently commanded one of his seruants to kill him for that act by his owne mouth confessed O Dauid Dauid thou most worthy mirrour of obedience and dutifulnesse to Gods substitutes here on earth what if thou were aliue in these our dayes Thou that didst so readilie obay so reuerently vse so paciently forbeare so sorrowfully mourne and weepe for the death and so willingly reuenge the death of a wicked King that had beene so disobedient to God and whom God had therefore vtterly cast off with what reproachfull termes and irefull words wouldst thou not exclaime vpon and reuile yea with what tortures and torments of most shamefull death wouldst thou not destroy such forlorne diuelish bloudie hel-hounds such desperate treacherous conspiratours and viperous rebels as most naughtilie vnkindly and vnnaturally against Gods Church their natiue countrie the Kings Maiesties person and estate will attempt to hazard the liues of so many thousands of men women and children by deposing or murthering so kinde naturall and louing a King as is now our most noble Soueraigne Lord King IAMES Concerning King Iames and his lurking aduersaries so gratious a King so carefull and prouident for the good and welfare euen of his worst subiects such a mainteiner of blessed peace and quietnesse not only at home but also with forraine nations and neighbour countries round about such a fauourer of all humanitie and learning such a Mecoenas of the learned most bountifull to all goodmen yea though to his owne priuate losse hinderance and charges and so necessarie a head for the whole body and state of all his realmes kingdomes and dominions Let this one notable example of Dauid that good and obedient subiect serue in this place for all other out of the old Testament Out of the new Testament what more excellent and worthy example can be produced to be considered or meditated vpon The most vvorthy example of Christ Iesus for obedience to magistrates Mat. 22.21 Mar. 12.17 Luk. 20.25 Rom. 13. and carefully to be imitated of all good Christian subiects then that of Christ Iesus himselfe who all the time that he wandred vp and downe on earth in our flesh though he were very God as well as man yet he neuer disdained to reuerence and obey such as were in authoritie in his time he neuer behaued himselfe seditioustie nor rebelliouslie but rather taught and commaunded to giue vnto Caesar the things which vnto him belonged openly he taught the Iewes to pay tribute vnto the Romane Emperours openly for himselfe and his Apostles he payed tribute yea when he wanted money Mat. 17.27 rather then he would faile in paiments due and accustomed to the higher power he miraculouslie caused a Fish to bring him xx pence to discharge such duties for himselfe and his companie And he himselfe and his Apostles receiued many and diuerse iniuties at the hands of wicked and faithlesse magistrates yet neither he nor any of them euer moued nor stirred vp any sedition or rebellion against any gouernours

matter there is store display herein the vile trecherous beginnings the most horrible enuious malicious ambitious and rebellious proceedings and the worthely deserued shamfull ends of Korah Num. 16. 1. King 16. 2. King 15. 2. King 21. Dathan and Abiram of captaine Zimbri of Shallum the sonne of Iabesh of Pelah the sonne of Remaliah of the seruants of king Ammon that slue their maister the king And in prophane hisstories of Brutus Cassius that conspired the death of Caesar after whose death they neuer had quiet day till bloud was requited with bloud Brutus and Cassius Of Engenius that rebelled against the Emperour Thcodosius Trip. hist lib. 9. ca. 4● whose rebellious armie the Lord consumed and dismaide whereby Eugenius was in the end forced to fall downe at the feete of Theodosius where notwithstanding he was slaine had his rebellious head cut off frō his shoulders Of Procopius against the Emperour Valens Trip. hist lib. 7. ca. 15. of whom Procopius being taken in open fight in the field he had for his iust reward his two leggs tyed to two yong trees growing neare together and bowed downe by strength which being sodenly let rise rent Procopius the rebell asunder Lib. eccl 10 cap. 19. Of Magnensius the rebellious tyrant against Constans the Emperour who neuer enioyed good day after his rebellion till he was vtterlie destroyed by Constantius the Emperours brother And in our English Chronicles of diuerse Dukes Earles Lords and Knights and thousands of their followers And likewise in the Scottish I need not to bestow neither time paper nor inke it being lately heretofore done by others vpon the description of the vnnaturalnesse barbarity and high traiterous and viperous attempts of diuers Earles Lords Knights and Gentlemen of late time of many of the common inferior treacherous sort adhering and readie at command of the sayd Noble men and their complices Gen. 27.16.17 all of them differing far from the spirit of Moses that man of God who was more troubled in his spirite being forwarned of God of the time of his death for a gouernor for his people then for the losse of his owne life whereas these on the otherside shewed themselues very forward earnest and busie though with daunger of the losse of their liues lands and goods to depriue the people their neighbours countrifolks and friends of a most christian vertuous wise and learned gouernor and to set all vpon seauen and a leauen for the effecting and bringing to passe of their deuillish wicked desperate and vnnaturall treacherous enterprises But seeing that both sacred and prophane histories both English and Scottish Chronicles may furnish vs as it were with whole clowds of such examples for caueats and warnings in this case let all English Scottish Irish and all other good king IAMES his now liuing subiects Learne to take vvarning by other mens falles and their succeding posteritie laye to their hearts consider take warning and learne to be wise by such conspiracies factions seditions commotions rebellions lewde dispotions inconsiderate and wicked attempts foolish and rash actions recorded Ad perpetuam rei infamiam Faelix o nimium faelix aliena pericla Quem cautum reddunt quemque cauere docent O happie are those subiects sure whom rebels harmes make ware Full quietly may they take rest when rebels catke and care Full truly didst thou write ô Ignatius Ignatius epist 2. ad Magnesianos thou good olde christian and constant martyr of Iesus Christ in the Primatiue church No man euer remained vnpunished which lifted vp himselfe against his betters his superiours his princes Agreeing herein with the doctrine of the holy ghost by S. Paul They that resist shall receaue to themselues iudgment Rom. 13.2 that is not only the punishment of iudges here in this life but also the eternall vengeance of God in the life to come Tvvo kind of punishments of treasons For the punishments of disobedience treason are of these two sorts either punishments of and by God or punishments of or by man The punishments of men are mediatly laid vpon conspirators rebels traitors by men whom God doth vse as his rods and instruments against them to correct scourge them by The punishments of God are those which are sent from God immediatly whereof there wants not many terrible fearefull and extraordinarie examples as hereafter anone you shall more at large here of them by diuerse their seuerall sorts and kinds The punishments that falls vpon such trecherous offenders mediatly by man are punishmēts in death punishments in bloud or posteritie The maner of the death of traitors what is signified by that kind of death punishments in name punishments in buriall punishments in body punishments in offices punishments in howses lands and goods The punishment in death is by a speciall appointed maner of death not common after the common sort of other offenders deaths but as they offend against no common person but against the head of the common-wealth so is their death for the most part by the head being taken from the rest of the body as in their life time they conspired practised and sought to cut off their supreme Soueraigne head euen so by most iust death they suffer Legem talionis the Law of like for like for affecting though very seldome effecting Interueniente plerumque prounclis suis protectione diuina the most wicked bloudy irreligious impious subuersion and vtter downfall of kings and princes whom God hath set vp to be rulers gouernours and heads ouer his people Punishments of traitors in bloud and posterities The punishments in bloud and posteritie is when their children and childrens children their bloud and all their posterity through the attendor and shamefull fall of their traiterous parents and auncetors are so stained and dishonored their ancient houses lands goods so dissipated ouerthrowne that their posterity though they spare with open mouths to exclaime vpon them cursse and ban yet they cannot choose but euen volentes nolentes at one time or other burst out to future ages bewaile and lament their auncestors trecherous disloyaltie to their Princes and countrey Punishmēt of traitors by nature how it is Punishment in name is when the very name of rebels traitors giueth a most odious scent and smel throughout the whole land and reacheth also vnto the ears of the inhabitants of neighbour nations leauing euery where behind it so vnhappy so hated and so infamous and so reproachful a memory that the traitors bird may say of his Sire and lewd progenitor Gen. 34.30 Thou hast made our fauour to stinke before the inhabitants of the Land Punishment in buriall or rather through want of buriall Punishmēt of traitors in buriall is when traitors bodies are dismembred by peece-meale and being fixed vpon the gates and walles of great cities are exposed to the eyes and reserued for a fresh

remembrance among all men who seeing their mangled and vnburied lims might learne by such wofull examples to beware of the like offences Punishment in bodies is by the imprisonment Punishmēt of traitors in body and how by torments tortures and rackings of those bodies which in the time of their health wealth prosperitie libertie they yeelded to become bond-slaues to most brutish passions and deuillish affections against God and his annointed Finally punishments in offices houses lands and goods are by forfeitures and losse of houses lands and goods from themselues from their heires and seed for euer The second sort of punishments which are imemdiatly frō God vpon traitors Ierem. 27.8 Num. 16. 2. Sa. 18.9 rebels and conspiratours are famine pestilences leprosie fierie serpents earth opening to swallow vp confederacie of vnreasonable and sencelesse creatures depriuation of a good conscience tormenting with an euill conscience finally casting out of the inheritance and state of the kingdome of heauen besides many other worldly crosses and calamities by God himselfe laid on the necks and shoulders of this lewde rebellious generation for si sera tamen certa vindicta Dei Though Gods vengeance be slack long in comming yet when it commeth it lighteth on soundly and surely Wherefore as Saint Cyprian wrote Cyprian his bridle against going an end in sinne Si quam turpem cogitationem in mentem tuam venire animaduertis sulcipe statim iudicij extremi salutarem commemorationem If thou once perceauest any filthy by-thoughts to enter into thy minde straight way call to remembrance the day of doome or last iudgmēt of God Euen so would I wish that when traiterous thoughts and conceits do once arise and creepe into your mindes you would often-times thinke on and dayly speake of those sundrie and manifolde iudgements and punishments which resisters and rebels haue receiued suffered and beene made subiect vnto through Gods stroake and iust iudgment for their disobedience and disloyall practises Besides those things heretofore noted An other reason or argument to moue to obedience to mooue and stirre vp men to dutifull obedience I may also adde this an other forcible argument to obedience that if wee do but a little looke about vs and consider we shall easily spie that very naturall instinct hath wrought framed and planted this obedience awe and feare in reasonlesse beasts fowles fishes to one or other superiour in their seuerall kind as among beasts to the Lyon among the birds to the Eagle among fishes of the sea to the Whales in pooles to Pikes yea euen among the poore Bees there is a king whom all the rest of that companie most willingly accompany wayte vppon follow and obay And shall man only degenerate and in this poynte shew himselfe inferiour and worse then beasts fowles fishes yea euen then the poore little creature the Bee But if I should here stand vpon this poynt of obedience at large and set downe here all that of this matter may be saide or written answere all obiections and refute all aduersaries then should this one chapter concerning obedience vnto Caesar grow rather into an huge volume or large booke then conteine it selfe within the ordinarie bounds of a chapter and therefore hauing herein as it were pointed at the grounds of this matter with some few reasons examples and exhortations to teach the ignorant and to put all others in remembraunce for that In bonis obliuiosi sumus plerumque omnes of this so necessary a duty to be performed by subiects vnto Caesars I will here end this first chapter referring the christian reader that is desirous to learne more then is here touched and set downe to the reading of those learned and painfull authors in the page before the beginning of this present chapter set down where he at large may be satissied out of such places as they intreat of obedience for any doubts questions obiections or controuersies which for want of time or for any other considerations are here omitted CHAP. II. Concerning Feare the second dutie of a loyall subiect SOme men though not very aduisedly nor considerately do blame and finde great fault with the affection of Feare as a thing vnprofitable hurtfull also and not falling for nor beseeming a wise nor a valiant man whereas it is naturallie giuen of God to all flesh and is not onely profitable for the estate of man but also expedient and necessarie for religion How necessary a thing feare is how profifable and for all ciuill pollicie and gouernment among men Take away the feare of euill and the awe of chastisement correction and punishment what way shall there be left to rule and order vnbrideled youth or to restraine the wickednesse and vnrulinesse of ill disposed subiects in any common-wealth Oderunt peccare mali formidine paenae Is it said for naught that the euill do feare to offend for dread of paine Or doth the holy-ghost in vaine teach by his Apostle In cave thou doe amisse then feare for the sworde is not carryed in vaine To what end both in sacred and prophane writers are the examples of such written as for their euill and naughtie liues and deeds haue fallen into great mischefes and vtter ouer-throwes if there shall be no vse of feare in vs by which we may be restrained and made the more warie least we by the like doings fall in t o the like inconueniences as they haue done before God himselfe as appeares in holy-writ doth admonish vs and teach vs to feare the King Pro. 24.21 Rom. 13.4 and to feare the higher powers which he would neuer haue done vnlesse that feare had beene both necessary and profitable for the children of God How true this is it may appeare both in Pro. 24.21 My sonne feare the Lord and the King And in Rom. 13.3 Princes are not to be feared for good workes but for euill wilt thou then be without feare of the power do well so shalt thou haue praise of the same 4. For he is the minister of God for thy wealth but if thou do euil feare c. Here hence then it may easily be gathered and concluded that feare that not without good cause great reason may be reckoned accounted among the number of those duties which all loyall subiects are boūden to yeeld giue vnto higher powers Emperours Kings Princes and other magistrates and that it is comprehended within that precept of our Lord Christ Giue vnto Caesar the things that are Caesars This feare is out of questiō one of those things which is Caesars and therefore to be giuen vnto Caesar But that you may the better vnderstand the circumstances of this feare and so become the more throughly resolued in the duty of a true subiect herein you must obserue that the ancient Grecians which for armes and arts flourished most in those dayes among other nations Two kinds of feare haue distinguished feare into two kindes

dutifull maner they ought to submit themselues Let all loyall subiects therfore take heede auoide and shun from Enure this third cause of subiects vndutifulnes and according to S. Paul his exhortation Do all things without murmurings reasonings that they may be blamles pure Phil. 2. and the sonnes of God without rebuke in the middest of a naughty and crooked nation CHAP. IIII. Concerning the lack of subiects wisdome and knowledge the fourth cause of their vndutifulnesse THe fourth way by which sathan seeketh to abuse subiects and to inueigle and entise them to abuse and make lesse account and reckoning of higher powers and magistracie then they should and to grow more vntowardly and contemptuous in their bounden duties then becommeth dutifull subiects for to be The great in conueniences of want of wisdome and knowledge is lack of wisdome and knowledge for through the one that is through lack of wisdome subiects become altogether vnable to iudge and discerne of princes pretenses and pollicies so both ashly foolishly take vpon them like Sus Mincruam to censure controull and condemne the actions and proceedings of their princes through the other that is lack of knowledge they be come vndutifull and disobodient to the lawes ordinances iniunctions acts and statutes of the king and his magistrates and officers vnder whom they liue Kings Princes and gouernours do vse oftentimes for diuerse causes to disguise their purposes with pretenses and colours of other matters Princes proceedings pollicies and purposes not to be condemned nor misconstered so that the end of their drifts and secret purposes are not right seene into nor vnderstood at the first this to be lawfull the word of God doth not deny To make construction of intents and as yet vnknowen meanings of princes in any ill part falleth not for subiects but rather to interpret them in the best maner and take them in the best part Euery creature is not acquainted with the mind of his creator nor euery subiect of his gouernour so the Lord saith Iob giueth not account of all his matters and so in some respect it may likewise be said of princes that they giue not accounts of their matters to all their subiects 1. King 3. King Salomon pretended to deuide the quick child betweene the two harlots and did not what if any foolish busie subiect or seruant had stept in to haue taken exception against Salomons commaundement of diuiding the infant surely it had argued a foolish want of discresion and a sawsie vndutifullnesse to haue interrupted the kings attempt wherin did lurke almost manifest reuellation of king Salomons exceeding gift of wisdome 2. King 10. Iehu pretended that he would serue Baal much more then euer did Ahab but he did it not but by this subtilty destroyed all the seruants of Baal Euseb lib. 1 chap. 11. de vita constant Constantius the Emperour pretended that as many as would offer sacrifice vnto Idols should haue accesse to his royall person dwell in his court and haue offices and great honor in the common wealth but they that would not should both be banished the court and depriued presently of such honors as now they did enioy But yet he did not so but by that policie tried the true christians from Idolaters and so tooke to them and cast out the Idolaters had it not beene great lack of wisdome to haue interrupted these Christian princes pretences and commaundements tending as afterward it proued to so good an end had it not been busie folly and rash vndutifullnesse for any subiects to haue meddled taken exceptions against exclamed vpon and condemned these christian pretenses and pollices Here-hence then let Christian subiects learne to beware that they fall not into vndutifullnesse through this lacke of wisdome in not discerning the lawfullnesse drift and end of princes affaires And likewise let them here learne and striue to be acquainted with and to know their Princes lawes for otherwise they must needs incurre the crime of vndutifullnesse through lacke of knowledge for how can they obay lawes which they neuer sawe heard not read of and yet can they not be excused through ignorance CHAP. V. Concerning Discontentment of minde the fift cause of subiests vndutifulnesse THe fift cause of vndutifulnesse of subiects which hindereth many from performing and yeelding of those bounden duties which magistrates may iustly expect at their hands is discontentment of mind Two sorts of subiects troubled with discontentment of minde abounding especially in two sorts of subiects first in the proud ambitious sort of great men in the world secondly in the wicked and wilfull needy sort of inferiour subiects of the first hath bin spoken in the first and second chapters for the second when they haue rashly inconsideratly prodigally and lewdly wasted and consumed their patrimony their landes and goods when all is gone and nothing left then in their discontented moods with blasphemous and horrible oathes they will vtter and maintaine diuerse vnseemely vncouth vngodly vndutifull disloyall positions as that this world is vneuenly dealt that it is no sinne to take it from these fat backes and greasie bagges that haue it and will do no good with it but will suffer a good felow to starue in the streets or h●ng himselfe before they will depart from one peny that they hope to see a day shortly when a sword and a dagger will do them as much good as the best farme or the best plowe in the parish that if all they haue will buie them a sword and a dagger they hope to liue as well as the richest Curmuchin of them all and that they be good fellowes and haue had it and must haue it and will haue it for why as some of them say Domini est terra plenitudo eius the earth is the Lords and all that therin is These prodigal professors of irregulatity in their malecontented fitts when they see that their companie will serue them stick not to despise all rules of magistracie then Ex abundantia cordis es loquitur their tongues run voluntary wilfully and wittingly scornefully and contemptuously will they cast out words of high indignation and disdein against the reuerence and honor of higher powers and so these wild-headed and staring eyed creatures these impudent and audatious spirited madcappes must be counted forsooth men of valor of ingenious spirits of manly courage and martiall natures they looke as bigge as if their faces were made of harnesse and their hearts growen with haire like Leonides that most valiant and couragious Lacedimonian These furious roysters and desperate cauallieres crooke in their nailes to keepe them sharpe for a day and with their Absolons long locks prognosticate either a vindictiue resolution of mind or foolish vaine heads or Absolon fatal end they want nothing but only a ring-leader a captaine of their owne conditions whom they may follow or else bandes and legions of lewdlings like themselues which would