to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o the_o tree_n love_v and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o do_v the_o tree_n increase_v in_o these_o circle_n and_o growth_n in_o all_o part_n between_o these_o annual_a circle_n do_v some_o sap_n rise_v as_o be_v plain_a in_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v bark_v round_o for_o that_o tree_n shall_v put_v forth_o leave_v and_o increase_n in_o body_n but_o produce_v little_a or_o no_o shoot_n and_o the_o more_o porous_a the_o tree_n be_v between_o these_o annual_a circle_n the_o long_a that_o tree_n will_v live_v as_o accidental_o i_o have_v have_v it_o experiment_v on_o walnut-tree_n ash_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o have_v continue_v sometime_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o near_o three_o before_o they_o have_v die_v when_o they_o have_v be_v bark_v quite_o round_o the_o stem_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o and_o by_o way_n of_o experiment_n i_o cut_v off_o the_o bark_n from_o a_o holly-tree_n and_o a_o box-tree_n about_o half_a a_o foot_n clean_o quite_o round_o the_o stem_n or_o body_n of_o each_o tree_n and_o the_o top_n of_o both_o do_v die_v in_o less_o than_o one_o year_n time_n which_o inform_v my_o reason_n as_o much_o as_o though_o i_o have_v learned_a it_o out_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a author_n that_o the_o sap_n of_o those_o tree_n that_o shed_v their_o leave_n do_v in_o a_o small_a quantity_n ascend_v between_o the_o annual_a circle_n in_o that_o pory_o place_n for_o tree_n that_o hold_v their_o leaf_n their_o wood_n be_v close_o and_o compact_a between_o the_o annual_a circle_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o they_o die_v soon_o be_v bark_v round_o also_o their_o sap_n be_v of_o a_o turpentine_n and_o clammy_a substance_n be_v the_o reason_n they_o hold_v their_o leave_n all_o winter_n be_v as_o it_o be_v glue_v on_o by_o that_o substance_n and_o the_o sap_n of_o such_o tree_n as_o hold_v their_o leave_n be_v once_o set_v by_o cold_a require_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o heat_n to_o make_v it_o thin_a and_o set_v it_o on_o motion_n as_o comparative_o a_o little_a cold_n will_v set_v or_o make_v stiff_a pitch_n or_o turpentine_n but_o it_o must_v be_v frost_n that_o set_v or_o stay_v the_o motion_n of_o water_n also_o those_o tree_n which_o hold_v their_o leave_n will_v grow_v much_o better_a under_o the_o drop_n of_o other_o great_a tree_n than_o those_o that_o shed_v their_o leave_n for_o their_o turpentine-sap_n shoot_v off_o the_o drop_n so_o that_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o harm_n by_o such_o a_o situation_n but_o in_o case_n you_o shall_v have_v a_o tree_n bark_v round_o by_o accident_n and_o will_v willing_o preserve_v it_o your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o get_v a_o shoot_n below_o the_o wound_a place_n and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a you_o shall_v then_o have_v several_a break_v out_o a_o little_a above_o the_o root_n if_o you_o find_v they_o shoot_v strong_a preserve_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a and_o see_v that_o the_o bark_v place_n be_v near_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v bark_v high_a from_o the_o ground_n or_o that_o it_o shoot_v up_o slow_o then_o leave_v but_o one_o shoot_n keep_v all_o other_o that_o shoot_v out_o clean_o take_v off_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o you_o see_v they_o break_v out_o so_o nourish_v up_o the_o two_o shoot_n or_o shoot_v till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o high_o than_o the_o wound_a place_n then_o cut_v a_o long_a slit_n in_o the_o bark_n above_o the_o wound_n and_o join_v in_o that_o shoot_n exact_o make_v it_o fit_v the_o slit_n the_o inside_n of_o one_o bark_n right_o against_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o tie_v it_o close_o in_o and_o loom_n it_o over_o with_o good_a and_o well_o temper_a loom_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n and_o wet_a out_o or_o better_a with_o soft_a wax_n the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n but_o if_o you_o fear_v your_o tree_n to_o decay_v defer_v not_o but_o do_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o shoot_n be_v shoot_v long_o enough_o if_o you_o will_v be_v further_o satisfy_v concern_v the_o largeness_n and_o usefulness_n of_o this_o royal_a tree_n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forest-tree_n who_o have_v write_v very_o well_o of_o this_o and_o other_o but_o before_o i_o bid_v adieu_n i_o must_v plant_v these_o few_o unpruned_a verse_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o most_o useful_a oak_n o_o stately_a tree_n who_o right_o can_v speak_v thy_o praise_n do_v well_o deserve_v the_o laurel_n or_o the_o bay_n ask_v but_o our_o thames_n what_o burden_v thou_o have_v bear_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n fine_a and_o in_o their_o ore_n of_o ruby_n diamond_n and_o pearl_n most_o rare_a with_o other_o which_o past_o valuation_n be_v of_o silk_n and_o satin_n fine_a to_o clothe_v the_o back_n of_o wine_n italian_n french_a and_o spanish_a sack_n of_o spice_n fruit_n and_o many_o a_o rich_a dye_n to_o satisfy_v and_o feast_v the_o curious_a eye_n of_o mastic_n myrrh_n and_o many_o a_o rich_a gum_n aloe_n and_o drug_n which_o from_o the_o indies_n come_v he_o who_o love_v this_o thy_o burden_n and_o not_o thou_o he_o deserve_v never_o to_o be_v worth_a one_o tree_n it_o be_v faithful_a oak_n preserve_v our_o king_n that_o we_o may_v thence_o learn_v lesson_n of_o true_a loyalty_n king_n lord_n and_o earl_n and_o man_n of_o low_a degree_n transport_v be_v by_o this_o our_o royal_a tree_n oak-wall_n our_o sea_n and_o island_n do_v enclose_v our_o best_a defence_n against_o our_o foreign_a foe_n no_o thing_n on_o earth_n but_o oak_n can_v time_n redeem_v no_o wood_n deserve_v of_o so_o high_a esteem_n when_o in_o salt_n sea_n sir_n francis_n drake_n do_v steer_v sail_v in_o oak_n he_o save_v one_o day_n in_o the_o year_n his_o oak_n which_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n do_v measure_n through_o danger_n lead_v he_o to_o honour_n profit_n pleasure_n no_o wood_n like_o oak_n that_o grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n to_o make_v our_o house_n and_o ship_n last_v long_a and_o sound_a no_o oak_n like_o we_o by_o love_n to_o oak_n let_v we_o then_o appear_v true_a subject_n and_o right_a englishman_n chap._n xi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o elm._n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o elm_n but_o the_o best_a sort_n because_o it_o produce_v the_o great_a tree_n and_o soon_o come_v to_o perfection_n be_v that_o which_o have_v its_o leave_n not_o much_o less_o than_o line_n or_o limetree_n leave_v and_o shoot_v with_o a_o shoot_v not_o much_o less_o than_o a_o sallow_a when_o it_o be_v lop_v it_o be_v call_v by_o some_o the_o trench-elm_n by_o other_o the_o marsh-elm_n some_o other_o sort_n there_o be_v that_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o this_o for_o produce_v high_a and_o good_a timber_n one_o sort_n there_o be_v that_o have_v on_o the_o young_a shoot_v great_a piece_n like_o cork_n subject_a to_o spread_v in_o head_n much_o and_o grow_v crooked_a this_o be_v not_o very_o good_a to_o make_v high_a tree_n but_o make_v good_a pollard_n another_o sort_n there_o be_v which_o i_o see_v in_o essex_n the_o side_n be_v subject_a to_o have_v wenn_n thick_a on_o they_o which_o make_v the_o body_n hard_o to_o cleave_v this_o be_v not_o very_o good_a to_o make_v a_o high_a tree_n but_o good_a pollard_n all_o sort_n of_o elm_n do_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n much_o of_o themselves_o and_o the_o more_o you_o take_v the_o more_o they_o will_v give_v provide_v you_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v take_v from_o you_o that_o be_v from_o be_v spoil_v by_o cattle_n and_o though_o they_o be_v so_o kind_a of_o themselves_o yet_o there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o increase_v they_o but_o the_o way_n to_o have_v of_o the_o best_a kind_n and_o to_o make_v the_o fine_a tree_n be_v by_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n therefore_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n or_o about_o the_o ten_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o broad_a thing_n like_o hop_n begin_v to_o fall_v which_o have_v the_o seed_n in_o they_o when_o you_o find_v these_o begin_v to_o fall_v in_o a_o dry_a day_n if_o convenient_o you_o can_v gather_v what_o quantity_n you_o please_v to_o sow_v then_o lay_v they_o thin_a in_o some_o place_n where_o they_o may_v dry_v four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o then_o have_v prepare_v a_o bed_n in_o bigness_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o your_o seed_n of_o fresh_a light_a brick-earth_n sow_v the_o seed_n and_o their_o vessel_n all_o over_o then_o sift_v some_o of_o the_o same_o mould_n all_o over_o the_o bed_n for_o they_o will_v not_o well_o rake_v in_o let_v they_o be_v cover_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n thick_a if_o the_o summer_n prove_v dry_a water_v they_o sometime_o and_o keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n let_v not_o weed_n stand_v on_o your_o bed_n till_o they_o be_v great_a lest_o in_o pull_v
the_o manner_n of_o raise_v order_v and_o improve_n forrest-tree_n also_o how_o to_o plant_v make_v and_o keep_v wood_n walk_n avenue_n lawn_n hedge_n etc._n etc._n with_o several_a figure_n proper_a for_o avenue_n and_o walk_n to_o end_n in_o and_o convenient_a figure_n for_o lawn_n also_o rule_n and_o table_n show_v how_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n may_v measure_v superficial_a figure_n with_o rule_n how_o to_o divide_v wood_n or_o land_n and_o how_o to_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n either_o by_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n show_v the_o use_n of_o that_o most_o excellent_a line_n the_o line_n of_o number_n by_o several_a new_a example_n with_o many_o other_o rule_n useful_a for_o most_o men._n by_o m._n cook_n london_n print_v for_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n 1676._o to_o his_o excellency_n arthur_n capell_n lord_n lieutenant_n and_o general_n governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n earl_n of_o essex_n viscount_n maldon_n lord_n capell_n baron_n of_o hadham_n lord_n lieutenant_n of_o hartfordshire_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n be_v most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n etc._n etc._n may_v it_o please_v your_o excellency_n do_v i_o not_o very_o well_o know_v your_o great_a understanding_n in_o and_o love_n to_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o dare_v not_o assume_v the_o boldness_n to_o implore_v your_o honour_n patronage_n of_o it_o but_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o you_o have_v not_o be_v only_o a_o spectator_n but_o a_o actor_n in_o most_o of_o what_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o ensue_a line_n for_o to_o your_o eternal_a praise_n be_v it_o speak_v there_o be_v many_o a_o fine_a tree_n which_o you_o have_v nurse_v up_o from_o seed_n sow_v by_o your_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o thousand_o more_o which_o you_o have_v command_v i_o to_o raise_v therefore_o my_o lord_n i_o humble_o crave_v your_o pardon_n for_o the_o presumption_n and_o imperfection_n of_o the_o penman_n and_o though_o your_o excellency_n know_v full_a well_o how_o to_o prune_v young_a tree_n yet_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pass_v by_o the_o impertinent_a and_o superfluous_a line_n in_o this_o my_o plantation_n which_o though_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o keep_v as_o well_o prune_v from_o error_n and_o as_o clean_o from_o weed_n as_o i_o can_v yet_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v some_o thing_n in_o it_o which_o some_o may_v term_v as_o ill_o but_o to_o you_o all_o thing_n in_o it_o be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o i_o hope_v both_o it_o and_o i_o shall_v find_v such_o shelter_n and_o support_v by_o your_o favourable_a aspect_n as_o that_o we_o need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o storm_n of_o the_o ignorant_a or_o negligent_a planter_n and_o my_o lord_n since_o the_o art_n of_o raise_v and_o improve_n of_o tree_n have_v ever_o be_v esteem_v among_o the_o true_o noble_a wise_a ingenious_a and_o most_o refine_a spirit_n of_o the_o world_n from_o age_n to_o age_n and_o chief_o maintain_v and_o practise_v by_o they_o and_o since_o this_o property_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o you_o you_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o this_o art_n but_o also_o most_o skilful_a in_o it_o i_o humble_o presume_v to_o dedicate_v these_o my_o observation_n to_o your_o lordship_n not_o be_v ignorant_a that_o he_o who_o be_v most_o know_v in_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o best_a able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o this_o my_o opinion_n of_o your_o honour_n ability_n and_o promptitude_n in_o promote_a the_o plant_v and_o improve_n of_o forrest-tree_n be_v sure_o ground_v the_o large_a plantation_n you_o have_v make_v will_v abundant_o testify_v but_o i_o humble_o beg_v your_o lordship_n pardon_v for_o this_o presumption_n not_o without_o hope_n that_o my_o good_a mean_v may_v obtain_v it_o and_o since_o my_o good_a wish_n and_o the_o best_a of_o my_o service_n be_v all_o i_o can_v contribute_v to_o you_o these_o shall_v never_o be_v want_v from_o my_o lord_n your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n to_o serve_v you_o while_o i_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o moses_n cook_n to_o the_o courteous_a reader_n among_o the_o many_o book_n that_o be_v send_v into_o the_o world_n in_o this_o age_n i_o have_v adventure_v to_o increase_v the_o number_n by_o this_o one_o i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o pamphlet_n prodigious_a history_n and_o romance_n invent_v by_o man_n fancy_n which_o abuse_v many_o noble_a spirit_n in_o read_v of_o which_o they_o spend_v their_o time_n in_o vain_a and_o dull_a their_o wit_n which_o book_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o woman_n than_o men._n for_o they_o will_v furnish_v they_o with_o strange_a story_n and_o a_o few_o fine_a word_n also_o there_o be_v many_o book_n of_o dispute_n in_o divinity_n which_o tend_v more_o to_o make_v our_o difference_n the_o great_a than_o any_o way_n to_o edify_v or_o unite_v we_o therefore_o if_o your_o genius_n lead_v you_o to_o read_v such_o book_n this_o be_v not_o for_o your_o fancy_n but_o if_o you_o take_v delight_n in_o plant_v or_o garden_v or_o to_o raise_v and_o improve_v forrest-tree_n or_o to_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n to_o plant_v or_o improve_v your_o wood_n hedges_n etc._n etc._n or_o to_o measure_v most_o sort_n of_o superficial_a or_o solid_a figure_n either_o by_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n with_o several_a other_o rule_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o title_n of_o each_o chapter_n but_o especial_o the_o chapter_n themselves_o will_n more_o full_o inform_v you_o then_o i_o hope_v this_o book_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o you_o for_o here_o be_v several_a rule_n approve_v of_o by_o several_a noble_a and_o ingenious_a man_n which_o be_v as_o faithful_o deliver_v as_o they_o be_v real_o intend_v for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o that_o will_v put_v they_o in_o practice_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o do_v you_o will_v employ_v your_o time_n so_o well_o that_o you_o will_v never_o have_v cause_n to_o say_v it_o be_v ill_o spend_v and_o if_o once_o you_o do_v but_o step_v forward_o one_o step_n and_o see_v but_o any_o success_n of_o your_o labour_n you_o will_v need_v then_o no_o logician_n argument_n nor_o no_o rhetorician_n eloquence_n to_o persuade_v you_o to_o proceed_v and_o for_o your_o better_a encouragement_n know_v that_o it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v the_o delight_n and_o practice_n of_o king_n prince_n philosopher_n and_o all_o noble_a spirit_v and_o wise_a man_n for_o have_v not_o many_o of_o they_o quit_v their_o great_a employ_v and_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o please_a art_n of_o plant_v and_o garden_v as_o be_v prove_v by_o several_a see_v the_o preface_n of_o perkinson_n gerard_n the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n and_o several_a other_o for_o almighty_a god_n have_v imprint_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o most_o wise_a man_n such_o a_o love_n to_o plant_n in_o part_n as_o their_o father_n adam_n have_v in_o his_o state_n of_o innocency_n that_o those_o noble_a and_o useful_a work_n which_o the_o almighty_a make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n and_o his_o glory_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o common_a for_o their_o excellent_a use_n to_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v take_v care_n of_o those_o which_o be_v tender_a and_o want_v the_o more_o care_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v lose_v and_o also_o that_o both_o their_o virtue_n and_o their_o beauty_n shall_v be_v know_v in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o more_o admire_a and_o glorify_v for_o i_o do_v believe_v that_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n be_v much_o assist_v to_o those_o who_o love_n and_o endeavour_v to_o improve_v and_o preserve_v his_o work_n for_o god_n work_n and_o his_o word_n be_v no_o such_o different_a thing_n and_o also_o it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o that_o be_v waster_n and_o wilful_a spoiler_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n without_o just_a reason_n so_o to_o do_v have_v seldom_o prosper_v in_o this_o world_n see_v this_o confirm_v by_o esquire_n evelyn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n therefore_o you_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n if_o once_o you_o have_v they_o let_v your_o love_n be_v show_v in_o the_o care_n you_o take_v of_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o cattle_n and_o other_o inconvenience_n then_o will_v you_o not_o only_o have_v pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o they_o but_o other_o by_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o malignant_a and_o sharp_a air_n by_o their_o head_n and_o body_n and_o also_o shade_v from_o the_o violent_a heat_n and_o their_o sweet_a flower_n and_o their_o refresh_a fruit_n will_v be_v useful_a to_o several_a man_n also_o plant_v and_o garden_v add_v much_o to_o the_o health_n and_o
be_v break_a brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n the_o reason_n be_v tell_v you_o chalk_n break_v small_a into_o piece_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o chalk_n but_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a fat_a chalk_n be_v good_a for_o such_o ground_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o stiff_o let_v your_o reason_n instruct_v you_o further_o lime_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a compost_n for_o cold_a ground_n and_o stiff_a clayes_n for_o its_o heat_n cause_v a_o fume_n and_o its_o tenderness_n make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o fetch_v home_o their_o nourishment_n and_o its_o heat_n be_v great_a at_o first_o therefore_o lay_v not_o on_o too_o much_o on_o no_o ground_n and_o let_v that_o be_v slack_v if_o your_o dry_a ground_n be_v it_o your_o tree_n delight_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o you_o be_v force_v to_o set_v they_o on_o wet_a then_o add_v some_o of_o this_o lime_n among_o your_o earth_n clay_n especial_o that_o sort_n which_o be_v a_o light_a brick-earth_n be_v very_o good_a for_o such_o land_n that_o be_v a_o light_a shovey_n gravel_n or_o have_v too_o much_o sand_n in_o it_o such_o ground_n as_o these_o they_o do_v not_o retain_v the_o spirit_n of_o plant_n for_o when_o nature_n have_v by_o the_o two_o lover_n star-fire_n and_o water_n generate_v their_o babe_n such_o ground_n as_o this_o do_v drink_v down_o too_o fast_o and_o again_o do_v dry_a too_o hasty_o so_o that_o the_o water_n can_v have_v time_n to_o leave_v nor_o to_o prepare_v its_o slime_n which_o be_v the_o mercury_n that_o make_v that_o fume_n which_o feed_v all_o plant_n and_o their_o seed_n but_o this_o clay_n must_v not_o be_v dig_v too_o deep_a for_o than_o it_o want_v of_o that_o which_o feed_v plant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v take_v the_o green_a slime_n that_o be_v common_a in_o stand_v water_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v cast_v many_o time_n into_o this_o and_o have_v dry_v it_o and_o beat_v it_o into_o fine_a dust_n and_o then_o have_v mix_v it_o with_o good_a fresh_a earth_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a success_n in_o raise_v several_a sort_n of_o flower-seed_n and_o other_o though_o i_o have_v note_n of_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o now_o be_v i_o be_o write_v of_o the_o stately_a forrest-tree_n however_o i_o may_v its_o possible_a write_v somewhat_o of_o they_o if_o the_o lord_n permit_v and_o according_a as_o i_o find_v these_o few_o line_n accept_v of_o by_o some_o of_o the_o royal_a oak_n of_o this_o our_o age._n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o garden_v yet_o well_o know_v for_o as_o a_o learned_a author_n have_v it_o he_o that_o know_v a_o thing_n well_o must_v know_v what_o it_o be_v be_v and_o shall_v be_v therefore_o all_o humane_a knowledge_n be_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o superficial_a learning_n reflect_v upon_o man_n imagination_n but_o not_o the_o least_o thing_n comprehend_v substantial_o but_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n take_v clay_n or_o loom_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o too_o thick_a the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n and_o there_o let_v it_o be_v till_o the_o frost_n have_v make_v it_o fall_v into_o mould_n then_o in_o some_o dry_a open_a time_n harrow_v it_o all_o over_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o plough_n then_o plough_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o trench_n for_o forrest_n or_o fruit-tree_n observe_v to_o order_v it_o so_o for_o by_o thus_o do_v the_o clay_n will_v mix_v with_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n much_o the_o better_o the_o better_a that_o any_o man_n chew_v his_o meat_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o easy_a to_o digest_v and_o the_o dry_a you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o ground_n provide_v it_o have_v but_o time_n to_o water_n itself_o well_o before_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v it_o be_v the_o better_a for_o than_o it_o draw_v the_o mercury_n and_o store_v it_o up_o till_o the_o root_n have_v occasion_n for_o it_o for_o it_o be_v quick_o exhale_v out_o of_o sand_n but_o the_o clay_n hold_v his_o store_n till_o a_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o then_o contribute_v to_o the_o root_n that_o be_v in_o dry_a weather_n and_o the_o small_a you_o make_v it_o to_o mix_v with_o your_o ground_n the_o likely_a the_o small_a root_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a be_v to_o meet_v with_o it_o note_v further_o that_o the_o small_a your_o plant_n be_v the_o fine_a must_v your_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o skreen_v fift_a beat_v turn_v etc._n etc._n i_o know_v by_o good_a success_n this_o to_o be_v true_a for_o the_o right_n honourable_a my_o lord_n and_o the_o more_o to_o be_v honour_v because_o a_o great_a planter_n and_o as_o great_a a_o lover_n thereof_o give_v i_o order_n to_o make_v three_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n from_o the_o new_a garden_n to_o the_o new_a bowling-green_n and_o withal_o to_o make_v they_o descend_v towards_o the_o house_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v which_o to_o do_v i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v through_o one_o hill_n thirty_o rod_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot-deep_a into_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v the_o same_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o i_o raise_v of_o seed_n most_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o layer_n at_o hadham-hail_a they_o be_v with_o my_o lord_n ever_o since_o their_o minority_n and_o he_o many_o time_n their_o barber_n engage_v he_o to_o have_v the_o more_o particular_a kindness_n for_o they_o therefore_o he_o order_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o think_v good_a in_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o which_o i_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o i_o level_v the_o hill_n and_o when_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o ground_n near_o to_o the_o level_n conclude_v on_o i_o stake_v out_o my_o ground_n where_o every_o tree_n shall_v stand_v and_o then_o order_v my_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v for_o my_o tree_n each_o hole_n three_o foot-deep_a and_o four_o foot-wide_a be_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o bad_a this_o i_o do_v near_o a_o year_n before_o i_o set_v my_o tree_n and_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o brick-earth_n near_o i_o get_v near_o a_o load_n to_o every_o hole_n and_o mix_v this_o with_o the_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o holes_n turn_v it_o over_o twice_o and_o in_o dry_a weather_n throw_v out_o the_o great_a stone_n but_o the_o turf_n i_o do_v throw_v into_o each_o hole_n the_o grass-side_n downward_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v make_v but_o the_o hill_n of_o gravel_n i_o trench_v that_o with_o loom_n cowdung_n and_o the_o litter_n under_o the_o cow-rack_n two_o spade_n deep_a and_o five_o foot_n on_o each_o side_n every_o row_n of_o tree_n thus_o have_v prepare_v my_o ground_n and_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n come_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n 1672._o i_o have_v the_o tree_n take_v up_o with_o good_a help_n as_o careful_o as_o i_o can_v and_o carry_v to_o cashiobury_n the_o place_n of_o their_o now_o abide_v and_o then_o have_v good_a store_n of_o help_n and_o good_a mould_n prepare_v of_o the_o small_a and_o fine_a i_o set_v the_o tree_n with_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o each_o tree_n level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n make_v a_o round_a hill_n half_a a_o foot_n high_a about_o every_o tree_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o hole_n have_v prune_v the_o head_n of_o each_o tree_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o bruise_a root_n and_o the_o end_n of_o such_o root_n as_o be_v break_v i_o sort_v the_o tree_n and_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o place_v they_o namely_o i_o set_v the_o high_a next_o the_o bowling-green_n and_o so_o short_a and_o short_a till_o the_o low_a be_v next_o to_o the_o garden_n which_o i_o do_v for_o these_o reason_n next_o the_o green_n be_v the_o worst_a ground_n and_o the_o tree_n more_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v spoil_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o market-path_n that_o go_v cross_v that_o end_n of_o the_o walk_n to_o watford_n thus_o have_v set_v my_o tree_n straight_o in_o their_o row_v and_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o their_o root_n and_o make_v my_o hill_n i_o then_o lay_v round_o every_o tree_n upon_o those_o hill_n wet_a litter_n take_v off_o from_o the_o dunghill_n a_o good_a barrow-full_a to_o every_o tree_n and_o cover_v that_o with_o a_o little_a mould_n leave_v they_o to_o take_v their_o rest_n for_o a_o time_n but_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n i_o find_v they_o to_o begin_v their_o progress_n and_o that_o summer_n they_o have_v such_o head_n
from_o it_o till_o the_o next_o year_n or_o rather_o long_a then_o take_v it_o up_o at_o a_o fit_a season_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o will_v at_o those_o end_n where_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v off_o have_v draw_v many_o tender_a young_a root_n apt_a to_o take_v and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o tree_n wheresoever_o you_o shall_v transplant_v he_o further_o to_o facilitate_v the_o removal_n of_o such_o great_a tree_n or_o small_a one_o that_o be_v ticklish_a to_o remove_v for_o the_o adornment_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o plant_n there_o be_v this_o expedient_a a_o little_a before_o the_o hard_a frost_n surprise_v you_o make_v a_o trench_n about_o your_o tree_n at_o such_o distance_n from_o the_o stem_n as_o you_o judge_v sufficient_a for_o the_o root_n dig_v this_o so_o deep_a till_o you_o come_v low_o than_o the_o side-root_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o dry_a ground_n water_n the_o hill_n of_o earth_n the_o frost_n will_v lay_v hold_n on_o it_o the_o more_o but_o common_o in_o winter_n before_o frost_n we_o have_v shower_n save_v you_o that_o labour_n then_o lay_v some_o litter_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o trench_n which_o will_v keep_v that_o part_n from_o freeze_a in_o case_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o undermine_v it_o more_o to_o loosen_v it_o when_o you_o take_v it_o up_o as_o be_v very_o likely_a you_o will_v thus_o let_v it_o stand_v till_o some_o hard_a frost_n do_v bind_v the_o earth_n firm_o to_o the_o root_n and_o then_o convey_v it_o to_o the_o pit_n or_o hole_n prepare_v for_o its_o new_a station_n have_v before_o cover_v the_o earth_n by_o with_o some_o horselitter_n to_o keep_v that_o earth_n from_o freeze_a which_o mould_n will_v then_o be_v ready_a to_o cover_v that_o clod_n round_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n and_o so_o secure_v it_o the_o better_a and_o that_o litter_n will_v do_v well_o to_o lay_v round_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o case_n the_o tree_n be_v very_o great_a and_o the_o mould_n about_o the_o root_n be_v so_o ponderous_a as_o not_o to_o be_v remove_v by_o a_o ordinary_a force_n you_o must_v then_o have_v a_o gin_n or_o crane_n such_o a_o one_o as_o they_o have_v to_o load_v timber_n with_o and_o by_o that_o you_o may_v weigh_v it_o out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o place_v the_o whole_a upon_o a_o trundle_n or_o sledge_n to_o convey_v it_o to_o the_o place_n you_o desire_v and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a engine_n you_o may_v take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o trundle_n and_o set_v it_o in_o its_o hole_n at_o your_o pleasure_n by_o this_o address_v you_o may_v transplant_v tree_n of_o a_o great_a stature_n without_o the_o least_o disorder_n and_o by_o take_v off_o the_o less_o of_o their_o head_n which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n where_o this_o be_v practise_v to_o supply_v a_o defect_n or_o remove_v a_o curiosity_n i_o do_v suppose_v that_o one_o of_o these_o small_a crane_n or_o gin_n will_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o those_o that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o pretty_a big_a tree_n to_o take_v up_o in_o their_o nursery_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v strong_a and_o tough_a root_n for_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v but_o well_o loosen_v round_o the_o root_n and_o a_o rope_n well_o fasten_v a_o little_a above_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n i_o dare_v engage_v that_o this_o way_n one_o man_n with_o a_o lever_n shall_v draw_v up_o more_o than_o ten_o man_n and_o beside_o this_o will_v draw_v upright_o which_o be_v better_o than_o draw_v on_o one_o side_n as_o many_o be_v force_v to_o do_v you_o must_v have_v on_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o three_o leg_n piece_n of_o plank_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o sink_v too_o far_o into_o the_o loose_a ground_n i_o have_v now_o one_o a_o make_n and_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o better_a account_n of_o it_o than_o now_o the_o only_a inconvenience_n i_o think_v of_o at_o present_a be_v in_o fasten_v the_o rope_n about_o the_o tree_n so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o slide_v or_o gall_v the_o tree_n but_o a_o piece_n of_o good_a leather_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n broad_a with_o three_o or_o four_o strap_n to_o come_v through_o so_o many_o hole_n when_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o rope_n they_o may_v all_o be_v strain_v alike_o this_o i_o suppose_v will_v do_v your_o work_n the_o aforesaid_a learned_a author_n advise_v you_o before_o you_o take_v up_o tree_n to_o mark_v they_o all_o on_o one_o side_n the_o better_a to_o place_v that_o side_n to_o point_n to_o the_o same_o aspect_n it_o do_v before_o for_o oak_n grow_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o hill_n be_v more_o mossy_a than_o those_o that_o grow_v on_o the_o southside_n this_o i_o grant_v because_o that_o side_n be_v cold_o and_o wet_a for_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o wet_a ground_n that_o breed_v moss_n most_o and_o that_o get_v from_o the_o ground_n upon_o the_o tree_n also_o he_o say_v that_o appletree_n stand_v in_o a_o hedge-row_n after_o the_o hedge_n be_v take_v away_o the_o appletree_n do_v not_o thrive_v so_o well_o as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o want_v of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o hedge_n i_o say_v that_o if_o the_o hedge-row_n have_v draw_v up_o the_o appletree_n so_o as_o to_o make_v they_o top-heavy_a they_o may_v not_o thrive_v so_o well_o but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o the_o shelter_n be_v take_v away_o they_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a unless_o by_o thrive_a he_o mean_v grow_v in_o height_n see_v lord_n bacon_n natural_a history_n p._n 113._o for_o a_o tree_n pen_v up_o can_v spread_v but_o as_o for_o place_v the_o southside_n of_o a_o tree_n south_n again_o this_o be_v not_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o great_a time_n that_o tree_n grow_v in_o be_v from_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o aries_n to_o his_o enter_v into_o libra_n and_o all_o that_o time_n that_o be_v half_o a_o year_n the_o tree_n have_v the_o sun_n on_o the_o north-side_n both_o morning_n and_o evening_n and_o the_o north_n side_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o warm_v itself_o late_a in_o the_o evening_n and_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v two_o hour_n time_n early_o and_o two_o late_a in_o the_o height_n of_o summer_n more_o than_o the_o southside_n again_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o cold_a be_v as_o much_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o a_o wall_n or_o tree_n in_o the_o night_n as_o on_o the_o north_n if_o the_o wind_n blow_n on_o the_o southside_n therefore_o i_o do_v judge_n that_o to_o place_v a_o tree_n the_o southside_n south_n again_o signify_v little_a though_o the_o same_o author_n say_v p._n 88_o and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v mathematical_a recreation_n p._n 75._o say_v that_o a_o tree_n grow_v more_o on_o the_o southside_n than_o on_o the_o north_n i_o have_v oft_o observe_v the_o annual_a circle_n and_o have_v find_v as_o many_o nay_o more_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o thus_o i_o have_v always_o find_v on_o a_o tree_n near_o the_o ground_n the_o annual_a circle_n have_v be_v the_o great_a on_o that_o side_n from_o which_o most_o of_o the_o great_a root_n come_v as_o if_o a_o tree_n grow_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o a_o bank_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o circle_n on_o that_o tree_n to_o be_v great_a on_o the_o north-side_n etc._n etc._n but_o high_a on_o a_o tree_n the_o circle_n be_v ever_o great_a on_o that_o side_n the_o tree_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a bough_n break_v out_o for_o the_o sap_n have_v great_a recourse_n thither_o many_o time_n by_o sudden_a cold_a some_o be_v stay_v by_o the_o way_n and_o so_o increase_v that_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n most_o for_o i_o take_v the_o sap_n of_o a_o tree_n if_o the_o wether_n be_v open_a that_o be_v of_o those_o tree_n that_o shed_v their_o leave_n to_o be_v still_o ascend_v into_o the_o head_n though_o it_o be_v midwinter_n though_o there_o do_v not_o rise_v enough_o to_o keep_v the_o leave_v on_o nor_o to_o make_v it_o bud_v forth_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o keep_v the_o bud_n full_a and_o fresh_a and_o increase_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n for_o that_o same_o pory_o substance_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v between_o every_o annual_a circle_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o winter-sap_n and_o the_o mild_a the_o winter_n be_v the_o great_a you_o shall_v find_v this_o to_o be_v as_o be_v visible_a in_o ash_n oak_n elm_n etc._n etc._n the_o other_o which_o be_v more_o hard_a and_o clear_a be_v increase_v by_o the_o sap_n in_o summer_n and_o the_o more_o feed_v the_o summer_n be_v by_o shower_n the_o more_o shall_v the_o circle_n increase_v on_o dry_a ground_n and_o according_a